Destination Moon – Future Living and Working Spaces - Design Studio 2012

Destination

MOON

Department for Building

Construction and Design – HB2

Vienna University of Technology

Editor

GET THE BOOK!

Das Buch kann über die Abteilung Hochbau 2 unter

http://www.hb2.tuwien.ac.at/shop/index.php?rr=659269

oder bei shop@hb2.tuwien.ac.at erworben werden.

Get the book at the Department for Building Construction

and Design - HB2 at

http://www.hb2.tuwien.ac.at/shop/index.php?rr=659269

or mail to shop@hb2.tuwien.ac.at

DESTINATION MOON

Future Living and Working Spaces

DESIGN STUDIO 2012

Department for

Building Construction

and Design – HB2

Institute of Architecture and Design


Destination Moon

Supported by:

Published by


Institute of Architecture and Design

Department for Building Construction

and Design – HB2

Prof. Gerhard Steixner

http://www.hb2.tuwien.ac.at

Authors and final editing:

Dr. Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger

Dipl. Ing. San-Hwan Lu

Original text and projects by students

External project evaluation:

Dr. Marc M. Cohen

Cover design:

Petra Nagy

Copyright:

Students, Authors, Department

Printing:

Vicadruck Vienna

ISBN: 978-3-200-02861-6

Content

4

The Studio Approach

Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger

and San-Hwan Lu

6

Structure of the Booklet

6

8

Evaluation

Marc M. Cohen

People

Students, Instructors, Consultants,

Lecturers, Guest

Critics

16

Projects

116

Summary Evaluation

Marc M. Cohen

The Studio Approach

Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger & San-Hwan Lu

Theme

Just a three-day journey via spaceship from Earth, the

Moon beckons. Only 12 people have set foot on the

Moon so far, and since December 1972 no one has

been there at all....

During the 2012 spring term students in the Master of

Architecture program realized their vision of a future

research base on the Moon. This topic was new in

every respect to all students. Lunar conditions are

completely different to those on Earth, from a

physical point of view (gravity, radiation, atmosphere,

micrometeorites, etc.) as well as from a social and

psychological point of view (limited space,

microsocieties, isolation, etc.). Re-thinking design

challenges through a change of perspective has been

a critical part of this design studio.

“When introducing architecture students to a design

studio in Space Architecture, it is always a challenge

to orient them to the unique and peculiar

characteristics of designing human habitation in

vacuum and reduced gravity regimes. Typically, the

faculty presents a broad overview of the Space

Architecture discipline, and to introduce the students

to leading concepts and accomplishments. The

challenge is a difficult one, given the shortness of

time for a quarter or semester, and the variety of the

students’ backgrounds, with some stronger or weaker

in engineering, human factors, materials science, and

physics. Also, the students often start from differing

levels of professional preparation and training, so it is

inevitable that each one interprets the information

differently and takes an individual and often

idiosyncratic approach.” [Marc M. Cohen]

Strategy

To prepare for this challenge the students were initially

tasked with analyzing selected topics related to

building on the Moon, including the physical and

geographical characteristics of the Moon, lunar

habitats, human factors and habitability. A

comprehensive list of the papers and literature in our

library was provided, as well as relevant publications

from spacearchitect.org. In the first phase of the

studio a settlement strategy based on a hypothetical

scenario derived from astronauts’ experiences was

developed by the students. The emphasis of the

second phase of the studio was on the design and

implementation of a lunar research station.

This course has been accompanied by theme-specific

lectures and workshops with space experts (p.8). The

‘Moon Day‘ launched a series of lectures from notable

researchers, architects and other experts in the field

of space science accompanying the studio and

providing the necessary scientific support. Guest

speakers included space experts from UNOOSA,

OEWF, DLR, ESA and NASA amongst others. This

panel of experts also served as guest critics during

the whole process and were invited to give comments

at various stages of the design process.

„The challenge for them is to develop and pursue that

concept while also providing for other programmatic

needs and protecting the crew against the severe

environmental threats of the space environment.“

[Marc M. Cohen]

4

1

4

10

14 15

1-3 ‚moonday‘

4-9 concept presentation

10-13 midterm presentation

with Franz Viehböck

14 final critic with

Marc M. Cohen

15 OctoTV interview

5

Evaluation

Marc M. Cohen

Structure of the Booklet

The wide range of projects in this booklet reflect the

diverse backgrounds of the students, coming from

Austria, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey as well as an

aerospace engineer from Italy participating in the

program as part of his thesis.

In contrast to standard studio publications, this

booklet introduces all presented projects with an

adjacent evaluation by our external reviewer and

space expert Marc M. Cohen.

Introduction

The studio system has been serving as the primary

forum for teaching architecture as a profession and as

an art since the mid-19th Century. Faculty approaches

vary widely in posing the design problem and

critiquing the students as they attempt to solve it.

However, there are certain fundamentals that are

generally constant. There is one or more faculty who

teach the studio. These “home faculty” write a design

brief or program that poses a design problem and

challenges the students to solve it with architectural

concepts and building or landscape design. Students

work progressively on the design problem and bring

their work to the studio to show the faculty and

receive periodic (often weekly) crits. The premise is

that the students respond to the crits, revise their

drawings or models, and then show them again to the

faculty. This process leads through various and

optional reviews until the final review at the end of

the studio term. Then, a formal review of all the

student work takes place.

This review follows an approach to teaching in the

studio that the faculty or design critic gives the best

service to the student by being absolutely honest and

stating the assessment directly, fairly, and impartially.

It is the duty of the reviewer to identify errors, flaws,

and weaknesses in a project and then point them out

to the student. Only in this way can the student learn

to overcome obstacles and failures. The reviewer

would do a disservice to the student by soft-pedaling

the analysis and evaluation. At the same time, it is

also the responsibility to point out to the student the

successes of the project. This duty is important

because the students tend to be much more aware of

their deficiencies than they are of what they did right.

6

Identifying and describing these successes helps the

student understand her or his strengths as a designer

and architect, which will help focus the design effort

the next time.

None of this pedagogy means that the critic, faculty,

or reviewer should be harsh or unkind to the students.

On the contrary, it is the responsibility of the reviewer

to study the student project well before the review so

that the reviewer can address the project as the

student presents it, rather than needing to

psychoanalyze everything the student thought and

did to arrive at the initial concept. The reviewer

should prepare to offer assessments of each project

before the review begins, filling in the blanks with

statements the students make and the answers that

they give during the presentation. This knowledge

beforehand, and the insight to ask questions that are

concise and to the point enable the reviewer to

address the review discussion with empathy and

kindness.

Evaluation

This review takes place in the classic tradition of the

architecture studio. In the traditional studio review,

the “home faculty” evaluates how well the students

solve the problem, meet the requirements of the

program, and assess how good their solutions are.

This review takes a different approach and offers two

kinds of evaluations: of the individual projects and of

the set of projects as a whole. Thus, this review

offers also an evaluation of the student work, but not

within the context of the design brief. Instead, this

review takes the perspective of the larger world of

Space Architecture and human spaceflight. It

assesses how well the students develop solutions that

might be reasonable and feasible in the professional

practice of Space Architecture.

Architecture studio. When exposed to so much new

and often difficult knowledge, rarely is it possible for

the students to absorb and process it all when

“drinking from the fire hose” of information. The

concepts and knowledge that the students do retain

show up in their Space Architecture studio projects.

The extents to which students absorb and then apply

these ideas, criteria, and functions often vary radically

from one project to another.

Project Evaluation

The evaluations cover twelve of the Destination Moon

projects. The assessment methodology is to identify

first what the student Space Architects put into their

projects. There are three broad domains of evaluation:

Concept, Representation, and Space Architecture

Features. Concept encompasses the generative or

inspirational ideas that the students bring to their

projects, and derives both from their life experience

and the broad sweep of ideas presented to the class.

Representation covers the ways in which the students

present their ideas through sketches, studies,

diagrams, scale drawings whether by hand or by CAD,

and scale models; it is a metric for the skill and craft

that the students bring to the project, without which

there can be no product or result. Finally, the Space

Architecture Features make visible the specific

knowledge that the students gained and applied in

deciding what is important to include in the project

and how these elements relate to one another.

This set of reviews provides an assessment of each

project. The evaluations depend upon the

completeness of content, degree of detail, and

specificity about function and purpose that the

students provide. Where this information is deficient,

it is not possible to give as in depth an assessment.

The evaluation of the twelve projects as a set goes to

another set of considerations. It poses the question of

how students learn when presented with unfamiliar

and novel ideas and constraints in a Space

7

Students and

Instructors

Vienna UT

Sandra

Häuplik-Meusburger

INSTRUCTOR

Sandra Häuplik-

Meusburger is an architect

and expert in the field

Habitability in Extreme

Environment. She is

Assistant Professor at the

Institute for Architecture

and Design, Department

for Building Construction

and Design - HB2 at the

Vienna UT. Sandra is a

member of the Space

Architecture Technical

Committee of the AIAA,

and has worked and

collaborated on several

aerospace design projects.

Her book Architecture

for Astronauts has been

published by Springer in

2011.

San-Hwan

Lu

INSTRUCTOR

San-Hwan Lu is an

architect and Assistant

Professor at the Institute

for Architecture and

Design, Department for

Building Construction and

Design - HB2 at the Vienna

UT. His field of expertise

is building technology

and design. He has been

working with international

firms for over ten years

in the realization of

complex building envelope

geometries of large scale

projects. Currently he is

writing his PhD thesis

on the development of

sustainability from an

international perspective.

8

Tarik Demirtas

Betül Küpeli

Amine Khouni

Kerstin Pluch

43

Alexander Kolaritsch

David Lukacs

75 Stefan Kristoffer 91

Petra Nagy

Shi Yin

99 Julia Klaus

27 Daniela Siedler 107 Marcus Czech 81

Christian Mörtl

Elisabeth Lang

Maximilian Urs Abele 71 Karl Hengl

17 Yoana Lazarova

Ottokar Benesch 35

Christian Heshmatpour Mark Steinschifter Alexander Nanu

Daniel Galonja

Thomas Milchram

Vittorio Rossetti

Aida Mulic

61 Miran Badzak 53

Dario Krljes

9

Consultants

Lecturers

Guest Critics

alphabetically

Manuela Aguzzi

LECTURER

After a degree in Industrial

Design at the Polytechnic

of Milan, Manuela Aguzzi

achieved a PhD on the

topic Research and Design

for Space Exploration,

during which she analyzed

exploration scenarios,

design of habitat modules,

logistic systems and

auxiliary robotic structures.

Since 2007 she is working

at the Astronaut Center

of the European Space

Agency as Astronaut

Instructor. Her main role

is to train the assigned

astronauts to perform

scientific activities on

board of the ISS.

Werner Balogh

LECTURER

Werner Balogh works for

the United Nations Office

for Outer Space Affairs at

the United Nations Office

at Vienna. Prior to this

he was with the Austrian

Space Agency, responsible

for human spaceflight and

space science activities

and representing Austria

in the ESA Programme

Board for Human

Spaceflight, Microgravity

and Exploration. He holds

degrees from the Vienna

University of Technology,

the International Space

University and the Fletcher

School of Law and

Diplomacy.

Walter Bein

LECTURER / CRITIC

Walter Bein has

studied psychology and

meteorology in Graz.

He is a qualified expert

for flight psychology for

the Austrian Aviation

Authority with a focus on

crew fitness and aircraft

accident analysis in close

cooperation with flight

medicine. He was head of

the department for flight

psychology of the Austrian

ministry of defense as

well as military pilot. His

work encompassed human

resources as well as safety

in military aviation. In

this context he was also

the leading psychologist

for the AustroMIR 1991

mission.

10

Marc Cohen

Sue Fairburn

Norbert Frischauf

Bernard H. Foing

LECTURER / CRITIC

CRITIC

LECTURER

CONSULTANT

Marc M. Cohen is a

licensed architect who

has devoted his career

to design research and

development in aerospace,

particularly human

spaceflight. He worked at

the NASA Ames Research

Center for 26 years. He

was Project Architect for

the ‘Habot Mobile Lunar

Base Project’, the Inventor

and Team Lead of the

‘Suitport Extra-Vehicular-

Activity Access Facility’

and ‘Human Engineering

Lead’ amongst other

projects. With ‘Cohen

Astrotecture’ he consults in

Human Systems Integration

and Space Architecture to

provide services to NASA

and the Space Community.

Sue Fairburn has been

a Design Lecturer/

Researcher at Robert

Gordon University,

Scotland in 2007.

Prior to that, she held

a variety of research

and management posts

in International Health,

Design for Extreme

Environments, and Design

for Development. Sue

holds post-graduate

degrees in Industrial

Design and Environmental

Physiology. Her eclectic

work history has helped

inform Sue‘s broad ranging

research interests, with

an approach consistently

focused on bridging

design and applied human

sciences and working

between the extremes and

the everyday.

Norbert Frischauf is a

High Energy Physicist

(Astrophysics and Particle

Physics) by education and

a Future Studies Systems

Engineer by training. Being

highly interested in all sorts

of technologies as well

as the micro and macro

cosmos his educational and

vocational career led him

to several distinct places,

such as CERN, ESTEC and

the European Commission.

At the moment he is

involved within Galileo

and EGNOS, supporting

the development and

roll-out of the European

Global Navigation Satellite

System. Norbert is a

leading member in various

associations (like the

OEWF) and is active as

science communicator.

Prof. Foing obtained his

PhD in Astrophysics and

Space Techniques. In

1993 he joined ESA as

staff scientist, where his

varied roles have included

being a co-investigator

for missions such as

SOHO, Mars Express,

Expose-Organics on

ISS and COROT. He has

been Project Scientist

for SMART-1, the first

ESA spacecraft to travel

to the Moon. He serves

as Executive Director of

the International Lunar

Exploration Working Group

(ILEWG), Prof. at Vrije

Universiteit Amsterdam

and member of the IAA.

He coordinated ILEWG

design studies and field

campaigns to support

the preparation to future

Moon-Mars bases.

11

Michaela Gitsch

Gernot Groemer

Petra Gruber

Michael Hajek

LECTURER / CRITIC

LECTURER / CRITIC

LECTURER

LECTURER

Michaela Gitsch joined the

Austrian Space Agency in

1986 and has worked

for more than 20 years

in space administration.

She is responsible for

communication, education

and outreach at the

Aeronautics and Space

Agency of FFG and acts

as Austrian ISU Liaison

Officer. She acted as

Chairperson of the

Advisory Committee on

Education of ESA in 2008

and 2009. She also led the

workpackage Education

& Outreach of ERA-STAR

Regions, within the EU

Framework. She has been

organizing the Summer

School Alpbach since 1986

and took directorship in

2010 from the Founder and

Father Johannes Ortner.

Gernot Groemer holds a

MSc in astronomy and

a PhD in Astrobiology.

He teaches and does

research at the University

of Innsbruck in the field of

human Mars exploration

and Astrobiology. He

is also a lecturer at

ISU and a member of

the Space Generation

Advisory Council (Board of

Mentors). Various research

sojourns in Italy, USA and

Chile include being an

Outreach coordinator of

the European lunar mission

LunarSat, a Simulation of

a crewed expedition on

Mars in Utah and the Flight

Crew 37th ESA Parabolic

Flight Campaign. He is

part of the Programme

Management Group for

AustroMars and PolAres.

Petra Gruber is an

architect and expert in

biomimetics and building

science with a focus

on construction and

sustainability. She received

her PhD in biomimetics in

architecture - architecture

of life and buildings and

has been an Assistant

Professor at the Vienna

UT until she founded her

own company transarch

in 2008. She is currently

Professor of Urban Design

and Development at

the Ethiopian Institute

of Architecture and is

engaged in various projects

in e.g. Indonesia and

Saudi-Arabia. Her research

focuses on innovation,

evolution and adaption of

architecture in the context

of natural, economic and

socio-cultural environment.

Michael Hajek studied

physical engineering in

Vienna and received

his Ph.D. in radiation

protection, dosimetry

and nuclear safety. He

is Assistant Professor at

the Institute of Atomic

and Subatomic Physics

of the Vienna UT since

2006 and holder of the

International Sold State

Dosimetry Organization

(ISSDO) Award. Guest

scientist at accelerator

centres in Germany,

Japan and Switzerland.

Head of multiple research

projects assessing radiation

exposure in space.

Long-established cooperation

with the German

Aerospace Centre (DLR)

and the European Space

Agency (ESA).

12

Joachim Huber

Kabru

Olivier Lamborelle

Regina Peldszus

LECTURER

CRITIC

LECTURER

CRITIC

Dr. Joachim Huber

completed his studies

to become a trained

specialist in internal

medicine and cardiology in

Vienna. He was educated

as Flight Surgeon in

Fürstenfeldbruck and at

the NATO and became

specialist for aerospace

medicine in Moscow and

St. Petersburg. He is an

emergency physician

with his practice based in

Vienna. He is long-term

consultant for ESA, NASA,

NASDA and the Russian

space agency based on

his experiences as Flight

Surgeon and Aerospace

Medicine Specialist.

Kabru has studied technical

physics and industrial

design (University for

Applied Arts) as well

as architecture (Vienna

University of Technology).

He graduated with honors

from the University of

Applied Arts and received

the recognition award of

the ministry of science

and arts for his diploma

thesis in 1995. He is a

member of propeller z

since 1994. Apart from

being a practicing architect

he also has a long-standing

involvement in teaching

and lecturing, both at a

national and international

level. Since 2012 Kabru is

a guest professor at the

NDU Sankt Pölten.

After having obtained

a Master of Electronics

and Telecommunications

Engineering in 2001, Olivier

Lamborelle floated in the

space business and never

left it. After working in

Paris and Brussels, he is

astronaut instructor at the

European Astronaut Center

in Cologne (Germany)

since 2007, teaching

space travelers how to

perform science on-board

the International Space

Station. When performing

his additional Eurocom

duties, he has then the

chance to talk to the

astronauts while they fly

on the ISS.

Regina Peldszus is a design

researcher focusing on

soft human factor aspects

in extreme environments,

particularly spaceflight.

She has worked with the

European space industry

and contributed design

applications to mission

simulations in Russia and

the US. Most recently,

she has completed AHRC

funded doctoral research

into design aspects for

the behavioral dimension

of deep space missions. A

member of AIAA‘s Space

Architectural Technical

Committee, she lives and

works in London and Berlin.

13

Tomas Rousek

Daniel Schubert

P. Michael Schultes

Ulrike Schmitzer

LECTURER

LECTURER

CONSULTANT

CRITIC

Tomas Rousek has studied

architecture at the Czech

Technical University

and International Space

University. As a founder

of Futura Pragensis he

has organized various

international exhibitions.

He has helped NASA

Habitation Team at the

NASA Jet Propulsion

Laboratory and is an

international collaborator

of the NASA Media

Innovation Team at the

NASA Ames Research

Center. He founded A-ETC

in 2005, a design company

with teams in Prague,

Tokyo and London where

he currently lives.

Daniel Schubert is section

head (RY-SR) at the

Institute of Space Systems

(DLR-RY) where he has

been working since 2007.

He has contributed to

several CE-studies on

bio-regenerative life

support systems. He is

also part of the DLR CROP

project. Since 2010, he

is project leader of the

DLR research initiative

EDEN, which investigates

different Controlled

Environmental Agriculture

(CEA) technologies for the

transformation into space

proven hardware concepts.

Born in 1944, P. Michael

Schultes graduated from

the Vienna UT with a

degree in architecture. His

main area of interest is

membrane building shells.

In 2007 he and colleagues

founded experimonde in

order to create a space

for experimentation in the

area of sustainable construction.

P.M.Schultes

lives and works in Austria

and France.

Mag. Dr. Ulrike Schmitzer

is a science editor at

Radio Ö1 (ORF – Austrian

Broadcasting Company),

an independent film

maker and author. Her

documentaries in the fields

of architecture and space

for 3sat include „Space-

Architecture“ (45 min)

and „Space-Medicine“ (45

min). She has received

various awards including

the Inge-Morath-Award

for Science Publishing

2012. Her debut novel

„Die falsche Witwe“ (“The

false widow”) has been

published in the “edition

atelier” in 2011.

14

Gerhard Thiele

LECTURER

Dr. Gerhard Paul Julius

Thiele is a German

physicist and a former ESA

astronaut. He received

a doctorate degree in

physics at the University of

Heidelberg and conducted

postdoctoral studies at

Princeton University.

He joined the DLR as a

science astronaut in 1987,

serving as the alternate

payload specialist of the

German spacelab D-2

Mission in 1993. From

1996 to 2001 he served

as a NASA astronaut

and flew on the Space

Shuttle SRTM mission

as a mission specialist in

2000. He was the Head of

ESA Astronauts Division

until 2010 and is currently

Resident Fellow at the

ESPI in Vienna.

Franz Viehböck

CRITIC

Franz Viehböck is a

scientist and astronaut.

He studied electrical

engineering at the Vienna

UT and was selected to

serve as the first Austrian

astronaut aboard the

Austromir 91 mission.

Subsequently he worked

for Rockwell as Program-

Development Manager

of the Space-Systems-

Division and for Boeing as

Director for International

Business Development

of the Space Systems

Group. Since 2000 he is

also technology consultant

of the province of Lower

Austria. He has been

working for the Austrian

company Berndorf since

2002 where he currently is

a member of the board of

directors.

Andreas Vogler

LECTURER / CRITIC

Andreas Vogler studied

architecture at the ETH

Zürich and has worked in

London, at the TU Munich,

TU Delft and as Guest

professor at the Royal

Academy in Kopenhagen.

His fields of research

include pre-fabricated

building, light-weight

construction and space

architecture. In 2003 he

founded the research and

design studio “Architecture

and Vision” together with

Arturo Vittori. His works in

architecture and aerospace

have been exhibited at the

Centre Pompidou and are

part of the collections of

the MoMA in New York as

well as the MSI in Chicago.

He is a member of the

ByAK and of the AIAA.

15

2031: the preliminary habitat

basic habitability and research functions

will be later converted to the surface

research laboratory

2050: extended science facilities using

lunar topological features

greenhouse

foodproduction and greenhouse labaratory

greenhouse

foodproduction and greenhouse labaratory

private crewquarters

sleeping

private space

social space

living, cooking,

sport, ....

galler

natura

plants labaratory

biological science

private crewquarters

sleeping

private space

DESTINATION MOON

AYMARA

Project by Karl Hengl and Mark Steinschifter

Location Shackleton Crater

Year 2031

Mission Objective research and mining

Mission Length 6 months

Crew members 3 permanent / 3 temporary

Typology multifunctional / mobile,

surface stationary, underground

Specific Characteristics

Multifunctional inflatable station, which has

an adaptable interior for different functions

and uses. Additional permanent underground

base with greenhouse and safe-haven.

l light

+

17

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

2018 - automatic scan mission:

surfacescans and scan for lavatubes in the region of

the shackleton crater.

scan for water and other important resources

step 01

temporary human mission, not longer than 6 month per team.

production for the habitat and space telemetry.

ergy

2026 - automatic robotic mission:

by robtots who prepare the lunar surface for the

landing and the habitat module. the also look

etc.

step 02

solar energy

step 03

nuclear

energy

solar energy

robotic missions

habitat

18

medical,sport, recycling, hygienics

DESTINATION MOON

solar farm

energyproduction in space for moon

and earth...

pure solar energy, no atmosphere

energybeaming to the earth

earth

energybeaming to the moonbase

groundbase I

mobile habitat

solar sail

green transport system for

more weight transporting

habitat

greenhouse

roverdock

and storage

nuclear

energy

medical and

sport

recycling hygienics communication

biological

science

food

production

lab and science

geological science

biometrical science

biomedical research

2050 - fully expandable ground base I

get the mobile habitat in the parking position and dock it on the connection

tunnel to gound base I.

solar energy

greenhouse

science and transpor

to mobil bases

install

power production of the moon and earth with a beaming system for the

power transfer. full operation of the resource extraction.

extension of the lunar mission...

helium III production

2039 - infrastructure expansion

expand the solar energy production on the

moon surface and reduce the atomic energy to

a minimum.

dig in the biggest lavatube and break out to

the edge of the shackleton crater.

ity research....

step 04

+

+

step 05

solar energy

nuclear

energy

mobile habitat

labor and science

19

roverdock and

storage

labor and

science

airtan

DESTINATION MOON

Starting Situation

The planning phase starts in 2012. All nations agree to incorporate

private companies in order to settle on the Moon, explore it and

begin research for a later Mars mission by 2050.

5 Stepping Stones

The goal is a functioning lunar base for 12 people by the year 2050.

The preliminary research tasks are to study the environmental and

physical properties of the Moon, to research possibilities in situ

resource-utilisation, to produce Helium-3, and to prepare the way to

Mars.

Step 1: The surface is scanned for lava tubes and an optimal site

near the Shackleton-crater

Step 2: Robotic missions prepare the site for human missions

Step 3: In 2031 a multifunctional base, called “Aymara3“ is installed.

It is sufficient for 3–6 people and an interval of up to 180 days. The

base will be the safe-haven, home, and work and leisure site of the

inhabitants

Step 4: The preparation of the lava tubes / tunnels is complete and

the permanent lunar base is installed

Step 5: The station will be a permanent living and working space in

the year 2050 and should include a large greenhouse etc.

but now back in the year 2031....

suitlock

module

suitlock and

rover docking

air locks

20

cupola

DESTINATION MOON

private

crewquarters

connecting

lift

living space

entry and wardroom

connecting

lift

laboratory, control and

communication center

ks - fresh and stagnant air

building services

floor

watertanks - drinking water

watertanks - grey water

21

DESTINATION MOON

Ground floor 1:50 - Working

The main ground floor plan has two docking possibilities for rovers, two suitlock options and one additional

docking possibility. The rover, EVA entry, and wardroom are equipped with flexible storage racks for tools,

instruments and materials. The medical room is situated next to the EVA area for immediate help. Two

laboratories and a communications area are situated next to the passageway to the upper floor and to the

lava tube underground station.

emergency airbed

working place I

airlock for rover

docking

working area II

suitlocks

control of building services, climate and

communication

movable racks for storage

flexible walls for separation

working area III

airlock for rover

docking

flexible room

working area V

22

First floor 1:50 - Public and Private

The first floor contains the living functions for a permanent crew of 3 lunarnauts for a maxium stay of 180

days. Temporary crewquarters are available for the shift-turn-over period. The social area, which contains

a mobile kitchen, table, benches and public storage space, is located upstairs. The toilet and the bathroom

include an infra-red shower and steam function for wellness.

The private rooms will be entered through a semi-private space.

DESTINATION MOON

1 person variant

storage

cooking

plants on the ceiling

sitting

movable kitchenracks for

daily living actions

eating

suitlocks

airbed

private storage

storage

sitting

2 person variant

living, couch, ...

neutral variant

infrared and steamshower

23

DESTINATION MOON

24

DESTINATION MOON

Evaluation by Marc M. Cohen

The Aymara combines a sequence of three

missions: an automatic scan, then robotic

exploration, then human arrival and habitation. It

comprises a lander or lander system that stacks

two toruses – smaller one on top – on six landing

legs with six round windows. On the center

vertical “Z-axis” the Ayamara positions a drilling

shaft. It is built into the crater rim wall in a

manner reminiscent of William Sims’ seminal

master thesis in architecture at Princeton in the

early 1960s.

The architects intend to install the preliminary

habitat on a crater rim and the extended habitat

in a lavatube. Unfortunately, it is extremely

unlikely that a lava tube would occur in an impact

crater rim such as Shackleton’s.*

“The region around the Lunar south pole was

selected as the preferred building site for the

studio and the team was informed that there is

no evidence for lavatubes. ** However, when

this team came up with their approach for the

typology of building in a lava tube or ‘holes

underground’, we let them work in this setting

due to the limited time frame of this studio and

in order to have a wider project range. The initial

intention to place part of the habitat

underground was to protect the living quarters

from radiation.” [Instructors]

The Aymara floor plan of the preliminary habitat is

a classic radial layout. It seeks maximum

flexibility using movable radial walls made from

textiles. The vertical circulation core runs down

into the crater walls, with a sort of movable

platform as the main vertical movement system.

The habitat will receive light at depth through

solar illumination tubes, although it is not stated

whether this device is based on internal

reflectivity or a fiber-optic bundle such as the

Himawari system.

The model is built as a complete transverse

building section that articulates the two toroidal

inflatables of different diameters. There could

have been much more design exploration in

working out the relationship and connections

between these two diameters and the diameter

of the descent stage ring.

The vertical circulation system provides single

access and egress. The relationship of the habitat

to the surface in terms of EVA access for ingress

and egress appears to be unresolved. Part of the

reason for this lack of resolution maybe that the

architects present the lower 2050 addition only

in section.

*A lava tube is a remnant of a volcano, which on the Moon tend to be relatively low and flat shield-types.

While these volcanoes may have craters, they do not have tall, steep rims. An impact crater such as

Shackleton is created by the impact of a large meteoroid or asteroid hitting the lunar surface, throwing

up ejecta that form the crater rim. If there were a lava tube before the impact, the crater formation

would obliterate it.

**Based on a conversation with lunar expert Bernard Foing

25

lunar biodiversity data base

Project by Julia Klaus and Christian Mörtl

Location Shackleton crater and rim

Year 2050

Mission Objective Research habitat and seed

bank

Mission Length 2050 - 2150

Crew members 24 (to 80)

Typology underground and permanent station

on the surface


electromagnetic lunar dust shielding,

inflatable structure including internal

landscape

27

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

Starting point

1. Species richness: There are about 1.75 million

known species on our planet (UNEP 1995). This

richness decreases every year

2. Mankind is using the Earth`s resources 1.3

times faster than our planet is able to provide

them (WWF)

3. Conclusion = from 2050 on we may need

another planet

Possible future

4. Seed banks: There are about 1400 seedbanks

around the world - similar to global gene banks,

they store seeds as a source for planting in case

seed reserves elsewhere are destroyed

5. Moon seed banks?

We suggest a structure for research to build up a

biodiversity database in outer space conditions ...

ISRU

Lunar dust: Positive usage of negative conditions

The problem of charged electrostatic lunar dust is

used in a positive way: The dust is attracted by

an electromagnetic net.

Building the protection shielding: In situ resource

utilization is used to produce building materials:

- Cellular structure: A multi-layered shell is plotted

as the basic structure in situ.

- Inner cell: An inflatable with atmospheric

protection is produced and later programmed

with different functions.

- Outermost layer, electromagnetic protection net:

it begins to fluctuate and determine the outer

shell, later on building up a protective shield

against radiation.

The habitat is designed as a spatial landscape

with a sweeping spiral upon which the various

functions are arranged.

anakin 2 - building robot protection layer lunar dust seed tanks

ISRU electromagnetic cell connecting

28

CRATER RIM

DESTINATION MOON

SOLAR FIELD

CRATER

ISRU ZONE

ANAKIN 1&2

SEED TANKS

MOBILE LAB

HABITAT & LAB

MOBILE LAB

SOLAR FIELD

seedtank

ANAKIN 1&2

2000 m

LANDING ZONE

BORDER

LANDING MODULE

ISRU ZONE

ANAKIN 1&2

4000 m

habitat&lab

earth

&

space

moon

2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120 2130 2140 2150

seed sample

collecon

start

anakin 1&2

test phase

shield

space tests

anakin 1&2

start ISRU

on moon

seed tanks

space tests

anakin 1&2

builded rst

basic shells

seed tanks

sended to

moon

basic shell &

electromagnec

protecon net

human

lifesupport

units transfered

seed data

base start

research &

human

habitat start

research &

human

habitat start

habitat

expansion

new species

created

mars mission

tests

100 %

earth

independent

robot

total automated roboc building by anakin 1&2

6 humans 12 humans 24 humans

robot maintaince aince and lifesupport

private capsules

provide researchers with an

individual atmosphere

29

DESTINATION MOON

1

level 1 / level 2 /

3

1

3

10

4

9

8

5

6

9

11

7

1

15

9

9

12

13

16

11

14

1

3

2

level 1 /

laboratory/

entrance/

infrastructure

level 2 /

community

level 3 /

living

level 4 /

leisure

30

DESTINATION MOON

level 3/ level 4

/

9

10

12

17

18

9

15

9

9

18

15

9

9

16

atmospheric shell/

main inflatable

protection/

electromagnetic lunar dust

shielding

1 gland - airlock and mobile lab dock

2 tunnel - for filling the shell

3 semi atmosphere - infrastructure

4 biolab

5 physical lab

6 geolab

7 algae garden

8 experimental garden

9 greenhouse

10 sanitary unit

11 waste unit

12 control unit

13 food bowl - recreation

14 food unit

15 air lounge

16 private capsules

17 hospital

18 wellness and fitness

31

DESTINATION MOON


Biodiversity Base is a project with a 100-year

timeline to establish a facility on the Moon to

protect botanical seeds from many species of

plant on Earth against a catastrophe

that

destroys the terrestrial rial ecosystem. stem. Researchers

rs

at Biodiversity Base

would

also grow

plants and

“develop new species,” es

although h the reason for

breeding eding new varieties es

is not stated.

“The idea for a Biodiversity iversity Base derives from

the

students concerns c how human kind cares

about

our planet. Although their chosen scenario might

seem em like science fiction, io

the students s took

ok

the

effort to transfer their

thoughts hts into

their

design.” [Instructors]

rs]

aerobic greenhouses

connect the levels and act as

green lungs of the habitat

The habitable portion of

the

base resides under

an inflatable dome-like structure. The roof of the

dome would include several options, including

making the inner or outer shell structure from

lunar regolith concrete with a system of

“electrostatic antennae” to attract lunar dust,

thereby making the base “self-covering.” In this

respect, the architects had the only project with

a novel and potentially feasible physics idea.

32

algae pads are connected with “air

lounges” inside the atmospheric

shell

algae pads produce oxygen and

provide the habitat

t

diatoms can survive without light

and oxygen

structure

DESTINATION MOON

Although the architects had no estimate of rate

of electrostatic deposition, or the time needed to

achieve a measurable amount of radiation

shielding. The suggestion of this dust-deposition

concept shows some original and creative

thinking.

The plan conveys a “free organization” with

“movable cells.” It is easy to assert the claim of

“flexibility” in the absence of a definite design, but

in fact this plan offers no clear functional

organization. The architects assign the functions

of Habitat, Seed-Bank, and Mobile Lab and

separate them clearly, but very little within the

Habitat presents a raison d’être for where it is

positioned or why it is a particular shape or size.

Within the habitat dome is a greenhouse tower

that features changes of level and sloping floors

cum ramps between them.

“This team had the ambition to create their

architecture as a living organism, to reflect

changing needs of future inhabitants. They

worked on interesting conceptual models for the

‘habitatscape’. Unfortunately their many ideas

were not converted to a credible architectural

layout.” [Instructors]

One inexplicable feature of the concept was that

the actual Seed-Bank modules would be located

in tunnel bores situated remotely from the

Biodiversity Base habitat, in some distant,

unspecified crater. The crew at the base would

use robots to store and retrieve seeds from these

distant containers. In describing this system, the

architects mentioned “mobile atmospheres” and

an “infinite plane,” but the connection of these

abstractions to the project-as-drawn was not

clear.

light tube

spikes electrostatically

attract lunar dust

regolith concrete

(for shielding)

diatoms in treacle

pads

outer shell layered construction

33

CyclopsHUB

Project by Ottokar Benesch, Daniel Galonja,

Thomas Milchram, Vittorio Rossetti

Location south pole/Mons Malapert

Year 2025

Mission Objective Research

Mission Length 25 years

Crew members 8

Typology Surface stationary, partly

moveable


Ten inflatable modules

35

DESTINATION MOON

Abstract

Module types

The Moon ... 2025 ... Phase I

In the near future ten inflatable CYCLOPS

modules will be sent to the Moon. This will be

Phase I:

A crew of eight astronauts, supported by a

proposed artificial intelligence named A.M.E.L.I.,

will explore the surface of the Moon and will

research materials for building larger structures,

gaining water, metal, etc. until 2050.

During this research period, phase II begins. In

this phase, the first large lunar greenhouse with a

diameter of about 60 meters will be built. It will

be able to supply sufficient air and food for a

much larger crew. After the greenhouse is

installed, a lot more CYCLOPS modules will be

sent to the Moon. These new modules will dock

with the greenhouse and form artificial clusters,

such as research, sports and living-clusters.

Afterwards phase III starts – building more

greenhouses and CYCLOPS-clusters to build up

a city-like Moon base where you can do

everything you can do on Earth ... and even

more!

Transport

36

DESTINATION MOON

Phase I

Expansion Options

37

DESTINATION MOON

Example of use

The surface of the inner material is coated with a

nano-silicon layer. In addition, due to the porosity of

the membrane, it acts as an exhaust and provides

the fresh air supply. It also filters the water bound in

the air and using the utility lines, the water and air

will then be forwarded to the Greenhouse. From

there, fresh air is sent back to the modules and

blown across the membrane again.

38

DESTINATION MOON

Floor plan

39

DESTINATION MOON

Section greenhouse

40

DESTINATION MOON


CyclopsHub was the largest team, and so it is not

surprising that they produced the largest output

in terms of drawings and particularly scale

models. They coined an acronym Artificial

Multiple Enhanced Linguistic Intelligence

(AMELI), but the connection of this acronym to

the architectural project was not clear. Perhaps

the creation of this secondary title reflects how

ambitious this project was. The team stated their

approach as “supply by AMELI.”

This project took the most truly 3D approach.

The design centered on 14-sided

(tetradecahedral) truncated octahedron modules.

The size of each module is 8.5m in diameter, to fit

the dynamic envelope of a 10m, Ares V class of

heavy lift vehicle.

On the lunar surface, the team applied these

modules in a space-filling manner, stacking them

vertically and diagonally to build up a matrix of

structure and living environment. Each of the

CyclopsHub modules would contain a spherical

inflatable that houses a living or working

environment function. The team demonstrated

the erection and deployment of a module by

inflating a balloon inside a collapsed structure,

deploying it as the balloon expanded to assume

its spherical form.

The module-to-module interfaces can occur

where the CyclopsHubs stack together.

However, the team did not develop a systematic

approach to determining which faces of the

CyclopsHubs would provide module-to-module

ports, which would have only flat or blank

bulkheads, and which would provide external

berthing or EVA ports.

The CyclopsHub team thought about innovative

approaches to the life support system. They

proposed to grow Beema bamboo as the most

effective plant to absorb CO2 and return oxygen

to the living environment. The team apparently

read about the forward osmosis membrane and

its use in life support (Cohen, Flynn, Matossian,

2012), so they proposed to employ a “superduper

membrane” as part of their life support

system. In addition, they considered air

distribution and water vapor collection as part of

integrating life support into each CyclopsHub.

The CyclopsHub team did the most to compose

their project in three dimensions, and to integrate

subsystems into the modularization.

Unfortunately, the selection of a single, uniform

module type leads to functional restrictions,

because all the spaces occur in volumes of the

same size and shape, the primary architectural

tool of varying the dimensions and proportions of

a room were not available for this project. In a

future iteration the team could consider an

approach using modules in two sizes where the

larger unit is another Archimedean or a Fuller

geodesic solid that provide faces that (with the

judicious use of flex-tunnels) can align to the

joining planes of the original CyclopsHub

truncated octahedra.

“This team consisted of three architecture and

one aerospace engineer student, who came

especially for this studio to Vienna to work on his

thesis. This cooperation proved to be a fruitful

challenge, overcoming differences in their

professional and personal way of thinking. The

students succeeded in working as an

interdisciplinary team resulting in a project

integrating engineering input with architectural

vision.” [Instructors]

41

DESTINATION MOON

42

DESTINATION MOON

DOWN TO EARTH

Project by Amine Khouni and Kerstin Pluch

Location PRINZ Crater

Year 2050

Mission Objective Recycling, Therapy

Research, Step to Mars

Mission Length 6 m - 2 Y

Crew members 6 - 12

Typology mobile / stationary, surface,

underground

43

DESTINATION MOON

Down to Earth will be the first manned colony on

the Moon.

The main objectives will be the improvement of

lunar based scientific projects and exploration

programs as well as waste management and

pollution control derived from Earth`s knowledge.

After decades of trying to banish plastic from

Earth, the Moon has been used as a wasteland.

Now this plastic turns out to be a useful raw

material in combination with regolith. This key

issue will require - for the first time in human

history - a lunar colony, which has to be set up in

a short period of time in order to last for a long

one. The Moon itself offers a lot of answers to

the questions we are facing.

Storyboard

The most secure and yet simplest way to

guarantee protection against external threats is

to set up the colony underneath the lunar

surface. For this purpose Robotic Drill Technology

will be applied to create a protected shelter that

will be filled with modules and extended with

inflatables.

In addition to the underground tubes there will be

moving vehicles allowing extravehicular

exploration of the surroundings.

44

DESTINATION MOON

LUNAR

SETTLEMENT

↘

MISSION OBJECTIVES

Plastic Recycling

Ground Mining

H3 Harvesting

Lunar Base Colony Settlement

↘ 1 ↘ 2 ↘ 3

↘ 4 ↘ 5 ↘ 6

↘ ...

45

46

DESTINATION MOON

INFLATED

VOLUME

↘

LEVELS

PATHS

↘

HYGIENE

UNITS

↘

SLEEP

BUBBLE

↘

MEDICAL

CARE

↘

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

INFLATED

VOLUME

↘

LEVELS

PATHS

↘

HYGIENE

UNITS

↘

SLEEP

BUBBLE

↘

MEDICAL

CARE

↘

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

ST

TA

↘

INFLATED

VOLUME

↘

LEVELS

PATHS

↘

HYGIENE

UNITS

↘

SLEEP

BUBBLE

↘

MEDICAL

CARE

↘

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

STOR

TANK

↘

INFLATED

VOLUME

↘

LEVELS

PATHS

↘

HYGIENE

UNITS

↘

SLEEP

BUBBLE

↘

MEDICAL

CARE

↘

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

STOR

TANK

↘

MEDICAL

CARE

↘

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

STORAGE

TANKS

↘

MEDICAL

CARE

↘

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

STORAGE

TANKS

↘

MEDICAL

CARE

↘

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

STORAGE

TANKS

↘

EDICAL

RE

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

STORAGE

TANKS

↘

ICAL

E

EXERCISE

FITNESS

↘

KITCHEN

↘

WORK

RESEARCH

↘

STORAGE

TANKS

↘

FUTURE

EXPANSION

↘

DESTINATION MOON

7m

3m

Cupola

Port

LEVEL 1

↙ +1.0 m

CROSS

SECTION

↙

SIDE

SECTION

↘

meter

1 5 10

Climbing

Wall

Storage Space

Floor plan

Power

Supply Unit

Life Support System

WORK

↘ - 12.8 m

L 1

↙ - 8.0 m

TEC LEVEL

↙ - 9.4 m

L 2

↙ - 12.4 m

Recycling

Communication

Screen

Mirror

D2

DETAIL

SKIN

↘

5 20 40

SPORT

↘ - 15.8 m

D5

REST

ROOM

↘

LIVING

↙ - 18.0m

Private Drop

Double State Transparency

centimeter

Sintered Regolith

BUBBLE

↙ - 21.4m

COOK

KINO

↙ - 23.0m

Gas Impermeable Layer

Multilayer Insulation

Smoke Resistant Layer

Fire Resistant

Anti Microbial

Pressure Garment Bladder

Coated Neoprene

Nylon Ripstop

Durable Floor

Carpet

Research Sensors

47

DESTINATION MOON

CROSS

SECTION

ANALYSE

LAB

↘

WORK

SPACE

↘

Medical

Operation

Back Up

Samples

Stowage

Check

In

Elevator

Elevator

Computer

Laboratory

Exabyte

Data Server

Commnication

Station

Suit

Repair Station

Internal

Meeting

Point

TEC

LEVEL

↘

Water

Purifier

Air Circulation

Vents

Energy

Collector

SPORT

AREA

↘

Ergometer

Bikking

Vapor

Shower

6m²

D1

D3

Bio Data Screen

Treadmill

Stepper

Restroom

3m²

D2

48

DESTINATION MOON

LIVING

AREA

↘

Open

Greenhouse

8 domestic Plants

Restroom

3m²

D5

D6

Vapor shower

6m²

MAIN

SLEEP

AREA

↘

Computerized

Schedule

Planer

14 Days / Nights

D4

D5

D6

Private Drop

6m²

Food Storage

FOOD &

LEISURE

COURT

↘

Book & Music

Tray

Aquaponic

Control Board

Stowage

Total Area

80 m²

Common

Space

Dining Area

6-8 seats

Food

Preparation

49

DESTINATION MOON

SLEEP

UNIT

RISE

↘

v. 1 v. 2 v. 3 open closed

10 50 100

centimeter

Over Head

Stowage

Adaptive

Transparency

3.10m

Reading

Light

Inflow

Fan

Structural Rips

Clothing hooks

Book Shelves

Schedule

Reminders

Personal

Items

Luminescent Skin

Day / Night Simulation

2.30m

Ø 1.10m

Soundproof

Shell Body

Suited Personal

Ergonomy

Heated & Air

Conditioned

Environment

Inflated

Sleep Matresse

Companion Simulation

Earth >< Moon

VoIP Exchange

Ø 2.10m

50


This habitat derives largely from the TransHab

concept for an inflatable toroid around a rigid

structural core, much like a “fat tire” on a motor

vehicle. The entire habitat, including all the modules

will be delivered to Prinz Crater in a single fairing.

One issue that was unclear was whether the fairing

would accommodate the TransHab-like module

inflated all the time from launch to landing, or the

module would be deflated during flight and landing,

and then pressurized and inflated only after landing

and emplacement.

It has seven “deck” levels, with a small airlock on top

being the only visible construction on the surface.

Although the architects provide a sort of functional

star-diagram, they do not define in detail the nature

of the relationships among the functions.

The concept calls for burying the habitat in a

tapered shaft. The habitat incorporates several

vertical circulation systems. It shows a “fireman’s

pole” running down the center for rapid descent.

In addition, there is a suggestion of an “elevator,”

but it is not fully represented. What is most

impressive, however, is the perimeter spiral stair.

This stair provides not only a circulation system,

but also creates a sort of grand promenade around

the habitat volume. The architects use this stair

to connect the various levels within the toroidal/

radial plan. In fact, the implementation of this

stair concept makes possible the half-floor splitlevel

design that develops interest and variety

throughout the seven levels. On these levels are

some fascinating and attracting outfitting, including

the teardrop shaped private quarters.

The perimeter spiral stair is a great strength of the

design. If it would be the only method of traversing

up and down it would pose a problem: the treads

are very deep and the risers shallow compared to an

interior stair in the 1-G field on Earth *.

„The students transformed the idea of the spiral

stair to a spatial concept, depending the size and

height on the function, while at the same time

leaving some flexibility. An additional elevator is

intended for fast traverse. It would be interesting to

see this concept beeing developed in further detail.“

[Instructors]

*Annette Barnes paper “Stairs on the Moon” shows that the effect of the 1/6 gravity is that the risers

should be much higher and the treads shallower than conventional Earth stairs. Changing the spiral stair

to a much steeper slope would allow the architects to add a second spiral stair on the opposite side of the

habitat; the differential levels between the two stairs would create a kind of double helix with dual access

and egress for alternate half-levels.

51

The Green Andromeda

Project by Miran Badzak and Dario Krljes


Year 2049

Mission Objective Greenhouse research

Mission Length 1 year

Crew members 6 (2 female, 4 male)

Typology Underground multifuncional

station / Inflatable construction


The Green Andromeda is a 12m diameter

Moon base, with one floor on the surface

and three floors underground. The Moon

base contains six rotatable modules, two

bathrooms and toilets, a kitchen and a

greenhouse that is extending up to the

first underground floor.

53

Vertical communication

Greenarea

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

The world`s governments are warning about

possible future threats to mankind, such as

pollution by industry, war, nuclear weapons and

climate change. The world will lose its greenery.

For this reason, in 2042, six people will be sent to

the Moon base, which in fact is not just a simple

base, but a shortcut to a green world, the green

base for humanity. There they will perform the

research necessary in order to take the next

steps in colonising space.

continually change. The changes are actually in

the nature of all of us, because in nature it is

almost impossible to keep something in its

original form.

The Green Andromeda

Why Green Andromeda? Andromeda is a spiral

galaxy that has a rotation center and contains a

trillion stars. In a similar way, our Green

Andromeda contains hundreds of different plants

and trees that are growing horizontally and

vertically around the center of the base - a fusion

of architecture and nature in one place.

What are the human needs?

There should be some space to sleep, rest, relax,

maintain hygiene, space to work, space for

privacy, to meet and communicate with people,

friends, family, enjoying nature, etc. And the most

important part, space to feel free in.

Entra

nce-A

irloc ock

Communicat

ion Center

Dinning area - Hygiene

Sleeping - Working- Chilling

Storyboard

Green Area

What is freedom in one place? It`s trying to

satisfy all these needs, so that the user can enjoy

their stay in that place. That is made possible by

creating a multifunctional place, a place that will

Building development

Circulation

Open space

54

DESTINATION MOON

Greenhouse

The greenhouse is proposed to bring life, create a connection

between the base users and nature and to play the most important

role - to create air and to be the most important food resource on

the Green Andromeda. The plants are located in horizontal and

vertical cells that permeate all along the floors so that the user can

reach them from any part of the base.

55

DESTINATION MOON

7

6

8

7

Level -2

Separated modules

A

1. Entrance - suitlock

2. Comunication center

3. Storage

4. Toilets and bathroom with

multifunctional sanitary equipment

5. Kitchen and dining area

with rotable tables and sitting

places

6. Platform

7. Rotateable multifunctional crew quarter modules

8. Greenhouse

1

2

Level 0 Entrance- exit-suitlock -

communication- storage

Level -1 Level -2 joined modules Level -2 partialy separated modules Level -3 Greenhouse

3

4

5

4

7

6

7

8

6

8

8

8

7

8

8

The Green Andromeda is a lunar base that puts

the comfort of the astronauts, multifunctional

use of space and the connection with ‘nature’ in

the foreground.

That comfort is achieved using multifunctional

modules that provide different possibilities of use.

Each module contains a folding bed,

multifunctional storage space for personal things,

a table with a folding chair and a touch screen

computer. Like the modules, the bathrooms are

also multifunctional and can rotate according to

function.

module, or be completely separated from each

other, depending on the users needs.

The connection with nature is implemented via

the greenhouse, which permeates all

underground floors. It can be reached from any

part of the base, creating air for the entire base.

All facilities are always moving independently of

each other and continually create new shapes.

The private modules can rotate around the center

of the base and can be connected to one large

56

DESTINATION MOON

Glas dome

1. Entrance - Exit Suitlock 2. Communication center 3. Storage

Level 0

Floor plan

4. Toilets and Bathroom 5. Dining area

Level -1

7. Rotateable modules

8. Greenhouse

Level -2

6.Platform

8. Greenhouse

Multifunctional furniture

Level -3

Multifunctional

crew quarter module

Personal storage

Section A-A Plan- Option working Plan-Option sleeping

Picture projection

Folding Bed

Table with folding

screen and sliding

chair

57

DESTINATION MOON

58

DESTINATION MOON


Green Andromeda is a largely agricultural colony

that centers upon its plant-growth capability.

Unlike the many concepts that separate the

plants in greenhouses from the crew, Green

Andromeda emphasizes the crew living in the

same environment with the plants, as they would

as farmers on Earth. The architects developed

this concept through a storyboard and a very

attractive series of hand sketches. The

storyboard includes the obligatory Science

Fiction plot device of a nuclear annihilation of

human life on Earth, so that the Green

Andromeda base becomes the only way to

preserve the terrestrial and human ecosystem.

However, it would be preferable to not require

the threat of extinction before there is a good

rationale for building a lunar base.

“The first task for the students was to invent

their own future scenario for a lunar base. We

were astonished, how much the students were

aware of planet Earth. Some of them did not

believe that human nature will change and

therefore developed rather pessimistic scenarios.

As a result, many teams put their efforts into

developing habitable future living conditions.”

[Instructors]

The concept calls for placing the module in a

crater, or perhaps excavating a comparable pit if

no suitable crater is available. A 12m in diameter

inflatable dome covers the module. The module

has four levels beneath the dome, although it is

not clear the extent to which the inflatable

encloses the complete module or whether there

is a joint where the structure changes to another

material. The upper level has a port for an

airlock, and the airlock extends across the crater

or pit as a bridge to the rim. The architects

provide some steel construction details that are

at a much higher level of detail than the rest of

the project and somewhat out of place given the

need to develop more of what happens on the

various levels and in multiple modules. The

module includes a center core elevator that

provides access to each level. A vertical

greenhouse area connects all habitation levels.

Within the crew living environment, the private

cabins are pie-slice shaped, movable cells. By

moving and joining the private modules, the

crewmembers can decide to “co-habitate,” or to

“breakup” and separate their private living space.

The architects went a little further in considering

private living arrangements than the other teams.

Never the less, the storyboard and sketches

provide considerable insight into the design

approach. The sketches in particular show that

the architects are thinking in multiple scales from

the urban planning scale to the “flower pot” scale.

In this way they developed their particular plant

growth plus crew living environment concept.

The module takes the overall form of a vertical

cylinder with a convex top end dome and a flat

bottom end dome. The cylindrical form

unfortunately seems to be somewhat residual –

other than the central core; there is no design

driver to suggest why it should be cylindrical.

59

LunaMonte

Project by Aida Mulic

Location Malapert/Lunar south pole

Year 2050

Mission Objective Research in physics

and geology

Mission Length 3 months

Crew members 5

Typology Surface stationary base, partly

in lava tube


Composed of four modules, main module

brought from Earth, with three inflatable

and one docking module.

61

DESTINATION MOON

62

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

The Moon base LunaMonte is located at the

lunar south pole, at the base of the mountain

Malapert. Considering the environment

and the typology of the Moon, the suitable

habitat is a subterranean structure, placed

inside the mountain. In this way, the habitat

is protected from outside influences, such as

radiation and meteorites. The habitat consists

of a main module which is connected to three

inflatable modules at its sides. The main module

is inserted into a lava tube at the base of

Malapart, and then inflated.

An important part of the mission is to utilize a

maximum of in situ resources and to acclimatize

the astronauts to living on the Moon. Therefore,

the mission is divided into three stages. In the

first stage a temporary habitat is constructed.

In the second stage, the construction of the

permanent habitat begins. Afterwards the crew

begins to research and to prepare for the arrival

of new crew members. Stage three involves

the construction of a mining plant to extract

Helium-3.

63

DESTINATION MOON

Formation of Lava Tubes

Lunar lava tubes are sub-surface tunnels that are believed to have formed during basaltic lava flows.

When the surface of a lava tube cools, it forms a hardened lid that contains the ongoing lava flow

beneath the surface in a conduit-shaped passage. Once the flow of lava diminishes, the tunnel may

become drained, forming a hollow void.

Deployment and Insertion

This diagram shows the deployment and insertion into the lunar lava tube. In this manner, the habitat is

protected from radiation and micrometeorites.

64

DESTINATION MOON

Functional diagram

Section through habitat and lava tube

65

DESTINATION MOON

LunaMonte is a research base that conducts

investigations in the fields of physics and

geology. The crew is composed of three

scientists, one mechanical engineer and one

medical doctor. Their mission is to conduct

research and prepare for the arrival of new

crew members.

The interior design of the Moon base focuses

on comfort and innovative living. Spending their

free time together, the common room is located

in the main module, which also serves as a

kitchen and dining room. From the common

room the crew has a view of Earth as well as

the greenhouse. The dining area/kitchen is

created as one transformable piece of furniture,

of which the table and shelves can be pulled

out when necessary. The sleeping quarters

offer a special feature, an inflatable live-in-cube.

The live-in-cube provides flexibility for various

crew activities. The first level is meant to be

for relaxing, where one can read, communicate

with Earth, etc. The second level provides

privacy for sleeping. Each live-in-cube also

contains a micro air purifier.

light

fixtures

rotating

cabinet

sleeping

screen

hydroponics

air purifier

relaxing

storage

retractable

ladder

rotational

pillar

dining

table

chair

storage

66

DESTINATION MOON

Floor plan

Section 1

67

DESTINATION MOON

68

DESTINATION MOON


The architect presented her concept with a

storyboard, at least partially hand-drawn, that

was extremely helpful in expressing both the

architectural concept and the beginnings of a

concept of operations. The LunaMonte was

inspired by 1960s projects such as the “Line-in-

Cube,” which seemed a somewhat obscure

architectural allusion. The architect provides a

complete functional diagram drawn at a habitable

house/human scale. LunaMonte was the only

project that successfully conveyed the functional

relationships in such a heuristic.

The architectural concept is to locate the habitat

or base “partially” in a lava tube. The

configuration of modules consists of a

combination of a rigid shell multiple berthing

adapter-type (MBA) module with berthing ports

for three or four other modules. The modules

that connect to the MBA are inflatable.

Presumably their bladders can be packaged

alongside the berthing pressure ports. When

inflated, they deploy away from the MBA. It was

not clear the degree to which these inflatables

are outfitted – whether they have all the internal

structure packaged in the uninflated bladder or

the crew installs the internal structure and

furnishings after deployment.

The architect devoted a great deal of attention to

detail in the design of the kitchen and the sleep

compartment, which was helpful to understand

the intended quality and human-scale

characteristics of the living environment. The

placement of two crew silhouettes in the crosssection

of the sleep compartment was a little

confusing; it appeared to be a “bunk bed”

arrangement for two crewmembers, when in fact

it was a single room accommodation.

„Aida Mulic worked on her own and had

difficulties in the beginning overcoming

traditional thought patterns. She took a lot of

effort in studying relevant literature and

communicating with us. Her diligence and

attention to detail clearly shows in the resulting

project.“ [Instructors]

LunaMonte includes an EVA Access Module

attached to the MBA, which provides two pairs

of Suitports. It provides also a rover port that

connects to the side port of a pressurized rover

that resembles the NASA Lunar Electric Rover;

the side port is reminiscent of the design for the

University of North Dakota EPSCoR rover.

69

Think Globally - Act Locally

Project by Maximilian Urs Abele and

Christian Heshmatpour

Location near Shackleton Crater

Year 2093

Mission Objective ISRU

Mission Length 2 years +

Crew members up to 40

Typology stationary


first permanent Moon base

71

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

In the year 2050 the world will realize that

Earth`s resources are nearly exploited. World

leaders gather and start an international project

to colonize other planets.

A first step will be a robotic mission to the Moon.

Independent of political and economic changes

on Earth, robots start building up a base.

In the year 2090, based on the previous

successful missions, a larger habitat is planned

for permanent residents on the Moon. The aim is

to create a base with only little or, in the best

case, no support from Earth.


The main aim was to design a Moon base that

uses the Moon`s natural resources and provides

high quality living space for the residents.

Long-term missions have special demands. It is

important to provide appropriate leisure time

activities. Furthermore it is necessary to adapt

the housing to the various needs of astronauts.

During long-term missions social needs also have

to be considered. The main floor supports these

requirements by providing a large variety of

possibilities for social interaction.

72

DESTINATION MOON


The theme of Lunar Village One is “Think Globally

– Act Locally.” The proposal focuses on

emplacing a habitat within a cave, or somewhere

else close to Shackleton Crater. It includes using

sintered regolith to create domes and other types

of structures made primarily from in situ

materials. The goal is to achieve an airtight

sintered structure.

The Lunar Village One starts from a good

functional layout diagram that assigns functions

to each of the major floor areas. The main

implementation of this functional arrangement is

a central dome with three satellite domes. Each

of the satellite domes has a single connection to

the main dome; the lack of connection among

the secondary domes is a weakness insofar as it

does not provide multiple access or dual remote

egress.

The architectural plan includes a rover garage

with rear hatches, in effect bringing their

“parking spaces” with them. Within the larger

central dome, the architects locate a “plotted

regolith structure,” which seems to serve mainly

as a sculptural element. Within the central dome,

the crew will live in rectangular living modules

that feature foldout internal and external

components.

The model shows that the architects achieved a

sufficient level of detail in the central dome,

including extensive plant growth areas. However,

the three satellite dome interiors remain

unrepresented.

“The group presented an interesting spatial

approach for a dome. Unfortunately the

potential of the project was not fulfilled.“

[Instructors]

73

Moon Nomadic

Project by Alexander Kolaritsch and David

Lukacs


Year 2050

Mission Objective trading

Mission Length -

Crew members 2

Typology mobile


mobile multifunctional units

between future outposts

75

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

Settlement

The first settlements were established in

northern Africa - close to fountains or places

where precious raw materials could be mined.

Connect

Tribes of the Touareg started to connect these

settlements to trade goods between them. For

this purpose they used camels and rode them on

trading routes.

Reach for more

The sphere of influence of the Touareg trading

routes grew larger and larger. They first gained

influence in Africa and later traded between

cities all over the world.

floorplan

Think Interplanetary

In 2050 mankind started to build the first

populated settlements on the surface of the

Moon. Most of these bases were located in and

around the Shackleton crater, next to the south

pole of the Moon.

RE-connect

Soon after the first settlements, ‘Moon nomads’

establish symbiotic trading routes between the

settlements on the Moon.

section

settlement connect reach for more think interplanetary re-connect

76

DESTINATION MOON


traveling

assembling

settling

The Base

The Moon Nomads lunar base provides shelter for

two people on a trading mission so that one of

them could move to a lunar base for trading with

a rover while the other could stay in the

homebase as backup with a second rover. The

basic layout of the lunar base consists of two

rover modules and two habitat modules.

The rover modules are the main working areas.

Each of the rovers also serves as bedroom for

the astronauts. Also located in the rovers are

trading goods and a docking station for the

habitat modules. Two cupolas serve as visual

connections to the outside world - the front one

is also a window for steering. The second one is

located on the top of the rover so the astronauts

can look at the Earth when in their beds.

The two habitat modules include wet areas

(sanitary and kitchen) - during particle events

their water tanks also serve as storm shields.

Medical racks are placed on the walls of the

module. A retractable desk and two chairs are

placed in racks as well. A retractable node to

connect the rover modules as well as an EVA

dock is provided.

Travelling and Settling Mode

Every base contains four units, two rover

modules and two habitat modules. When the

base is in ‘travelling mode’ the two habitat

modules are placed below the rover modules. To

ensure that the units are still able to move on

uneven terrain the ‘legs’ of the rover are about 5

meters long. In ‘settling mode’ the rovers place

the habitat modules on the ground and fold their

feet so that the base elements can be connected.

trading

77

DESTINATION MOON


This concept was based upon the idea of trade

routes on the Moon in the future when there are

multiple settlements and bases scattered around

the surface. The Moon Nomadic base is almost

entirely mobile; it draws from a sequence of

mobile base and rover concepts that have made

an impact upon lunar/Mars exploration thinking

over the past quarter century, notably the Habot

and the Lunar Electric Rover. To highlight the

mobility across empty wastelands, the architects

adopted a logo of a camel wearing a spacesuit

helmet. This project presented the most

“promotional” image of all the concepts.

The key design is a habitat on a six-legged rover,

reminiscent of NASA JPL’s ATHLETE. This Moon

Nomadic habitat incorporates a solar storm

shelter beneath the water tanks. The pressure

vessel module sitting on the ATHLETE derives

closely from John Frassinito’s pressurized rover

design with the clear glass hemispherical end

dome at the driver’s seat. In one version of the

concept, the Moon Nomadic consists of two

mobile rovers on the ATHLETE-like base plus two

stationary modules of essentially the same

configuration. These stationary units appear to

consist of “tuna can” units that the Moon

Nomadic rover carries beneath the deck of the

ATHLETE, such that its legs must stand straight

up at all times. However, it is not really clear to

extent to which this arrangement could actually

travel safely and successfully across the lunar

topography. Here is where the architects

seemed somewhat unsure in their reasoning. If

the designer follows the logic articulated in the

Habot project, then all the assets become mobile;

the entire base moves together in an ensemble.

In the preliminary review, the architects

presented the example of trade routes in Eurasia

including the Silk Road and the Atlantic sea-lanes

78

DESTINATION MOON

to the Americas and around Africa to India and

the Far East. The weakness of this approach

was the assumption that trade routes are static.

Although this point may seem obscure it goes to

an important point for understanding the purpose

and application of mobility: in fact the Silk Road

and the Atlantic routes did not exist

simultaneously. Once the Turkish Empire blocked

the overland routes from Europe to China, it gave

an impetus to exploration – to find sea routes

either east or west to the Indies and China. In

the same way, the mobility systems on the

surface of the Moon will need to be flexible and

responsive to changes in location, operation, and

purpose. The reviewer pointed out this error to

the architects during the preliminary review, but

they retained the mistaken trade route schema

and map.

some ideal economy and program. In Moon

Nomadic, the architects attempted to make their

project as close to a type of professional

precedent as they could; they pursued Space

Architecture and mobility realism more than the

other projects. However, the faculty found a

serious weakness in Moon Nomadic insofar as

the architects borrowed so liberally from existing

concepts and systems, but did very little to

transform these precedents to serve the design

brief or to create their own approach.

“Unfortunately the group did not make as much

of an effort as they could in developing this

project. It is a pity because they had an

interesting approach.” [Instructors]

The designers could have done much more to

develop the cabin design for the Moon Nomadic

rovers. As the drawings were presented, the

interiors are represented in a minimal fashion,

both in plan and in the interior elevations. The

interior elevations are drawn in isolation from the

rest of the rover or base module. It would be far

more helpful to portray them in a complete

transverse building section that would show the

relationship to the entry port, hatches, airlocks,

and surface.

The Moon Nomadic project raises a paradoxical

and somewhat troubling question. Architecture

studios generally reward creativity and innovation.

Space Architecture studios tend to reward

designs that are realistic enough to be feasible in

79

myo

Project by Marcus Czech and

Elisabeth Lang

Location South pole

Year 2050

Mission Objective Scientific Moon base

and spaceport

Mission Length 2050 to 2100

Crew members 6 to 100 (+)

Typology Surface, compatible


Adjustable shell, regolith pillows

81

DESTINATION MOON

>> Spaceport for journeys to Outer Space <<

The Moon - just a three-days trip from Earth -

has challenged mankind for more than 40 years.

Current plans focus on long-term and sustainable

missions. In the far future the Moon could also

serve as an intergalactic space harbour - a node

between different worlds, planets and universes.

For this we have to start with a small step - our

first module MYO.

Site Selection

The Moon base will be situated at the south pole

close to the CABEUS CRATER (the most

important deposits of frozen water), the

MALAPERT MOUNTAIN/CRATER (with

suspected deposits of frozen water and

mountains more than 8000m high with the

possibility of eternal sunlight) and the

SHACKLETON CRATER (high crater walls,

protection against cosmic and solar radiation).

Function

The first phase of the base will be scientific

research, in the future the base is projected to

serve as a spaceport. The research objectives

are the utilisation of in situ resources and the

production of liquid oxygen and fuel.

Organisation

‘Myo’ is delivered to the Moon by an Ariane V

rocket in a compact package, ready to be

deployed on the lunar surface. Soon after the

installation of the first habitat, the Moon base is

expanded by the addition of further modules -

allowing for a number of different configurations.

The modules are connected by a 5-point-node

which also contains the docking ports for the

rover and the suitports.

Timeline

The project starts in 2050. The lunar lander will

land on the surface of the Moon, two weeks later

the first module arrives with six astronauts

(scientists, one engineer and a physician). Two

months later an additional support module arrives

that can be re-configured into a scientific

research and living module. Six months later an

advanced energy module and the greenhouse

arrive.

storyboard

...7 TAGE SPAETER!

LEBEN UND ARBEITEN IN NEW

BERLIN

E VON ROBOTERN

WEG...

GENERATION 1 GENERATION X - NEW VIENNA WELT

82

DESTINATION MOON

site diagram

landing of the

first module

more modules

landing

2050

2051

building of the first ring

2055

2065 30

building of the second ring

connecting 2080 100

100+ 2100

phase 1: preparation

- lunar orbit explorer

- moon mapping

- site selection

- robotic preparation

phase 2: science module

- first module - temporarily inhabited

- telescope / small geoscientific module

- decomposition of the surface (experimental)

- oxygen production (experimental)

- exploration of the nearer surroundings

- building the first science module

phase 3: operation phase

- 2 to 3 modules - permanent inhabited

- decomposition of the moon resources

- processing of the moon resources

- experiments for producing food

- implementation of the recycling system

- exploration, longer distances

- development of scientific module

- radiotelescope

phase 4: expansion - the first

endependent moonbase

- satellite outputs

- advanced science

- autarkic energysupply

- agriculture

- oxygen production

- observatory

- longterm explorations

completed expansion

spaceport - for explorations

to outer space

radial expansion concept

RAUMHAFEN MOND!

NAECHSTER HALT... MARS!

83

DESTINATION MOON

EVA lock for lunar rovers

and astronauts

?

greenhouse

air and food production

research

scientific labs

energy supply and

life support systems

sleeping and relaxing

usable space

translation

4

8,50

3,00

3

6 7 8

1 2

5

floorplan

84

DESTINATION MOON

4

9,00

4,50

1 2

3

4

6

4

7

8

9

1 storage

2 working space

3 laundry

4 sleeping

5 hygiene

6 relaxing area and storage

7 kitchen and foodstorage

8 working space

9 technical support

10 screen

11 lightning

16,50

20,00

6

10

6 5

1

11

9,00

4,50

4

4 4

5

9

1

possible spaceconfigurations

relaxing area

because of folding elements

there are more flexible spaces

space for hygiene and toilet

vertical and longitudinal section

5,50

8,50

structural concept

85

DESTINATION MOON

removable tmc shell

with regolith bag

30 - 1200 mm

mli and micrometeroid

layers

30 mm

tmc liner

segmented clamp

segmented

clamp

bracket

o - ring

webbing

bladder

120 mm

removable

inner layer

40 mm

detail wall construction

regolith pillow

86

DESTINATION MOON


The outer layer

‘Myo’ is based on an inflated element. Covering

this volume, which is reminiscent of a ship or

submarine, are protective layers. For this purpose

we designed a pillow which can be filled with

regolith.

A net of plugin nodes on the outer layer serves

as an installation point for fixed solar panels,

radiators, additional protection shielding, gripper

arms and other technical supplies.

Structural concept

The modules are inflatables with docking rings at

both ends that connect to rigid nodes.

The modules can be re-configured to meet

changing requirements.

possible configuration

> stapled <

possible configuration

> ring <

87

DESTINATION MOON

timeline

growing moon base

start

2 weeks

3 weeks

1 month

2 month

6 month

1 year

first landing astronauts

preparing the sourrounding

1 scientist

1 engineer

start of the rocket ariane V

packed with the first module

landing and unfolding of

the first module

first module docking

3 scientists

2 engineers

1 physician

second module - support

systems

later scientistic module

energy

greenhouse


The MYO Space Harbor is a concept for a transit

base for travellers to Mars. The architects

developed a structural concept for an

expandable steel spring-based compression

structure. One unique feature of this concept is

that it is the only one packaged for a single

launch to deliver it to the Moon, on an Ariane 5.

The Ariane 5 would deliver two landers, a small

node with five radial ports and five legs, plus the

packaged expandable module. The concept for

the module is that it has a rigid central axis,

portrayed in the model by a wood dowel. To

deploy the shell, the module has a mechanism

that compresses the ends of the steel spring

shell inward along the central axle. Once the

compression is completed and secured, the

module can dock to the node. Subsequent

launches of more Ariane 5s can deliver more

modules and nodes.

Geometrically, the expansion concept is both

linear and radial. The modules expand by actually

shortening along the longitudinal axis, and it is

possible to line up multiple modules along the

central axis. At the same time, the modules

attach radially to five-port node, to extend the

base in this radial fashion. The base would

expand through adding modules and nodes.

The transverse section of the module shows lots

of construction details, including bagged regolith

placed around the module for radiation shielding.

Over time, the crew or robots would effectively

88

DESTINATION MOON

bury the modules under regolith. The architects

stated that some of the radial ports would remain

exposed outside the regolith cover, but there

was some confusion about the number of

exposed ports available for crew entry, airlocks,

or rover pressure ports.

What was missing from the MYO is an

architectural plan that has enough design

character and specialization of modules to show

an allocation of functions. The spring-expansion

modules span horizontally between the hubs in a

triangular grid pattern with 72° internal angles.

However, a grid pattern does not an architectural

plan make. The problem with the 72° angle for

the grid is that the areas between the “edges” of

the triangles formed by the modules and hubs is

that they do not form a clean and complete

tessellation.

“The first task for the students was to envision a

future scenario – leaving them to decide what

the larger framework would be. This story then

served as a basis for the main task of ‘zooming

in’ and concentrating on the habitat itself. In a

future studio it would be interesting to develop

all other elements as well. They also developed

an interesting approach to a flexible space

configuration within an inflatable module.”

[Instructors]

What is not clear from the design drawings is

how the MYO Space Harbor serves its stated

purpose of providing a transit point from the

Earth to Mars. It does not appear to include any

accommodations for visiting space vehicles, no

fueling facilities, or accommodations for visiting

crews or passengers laying-over between flights.

Normally, if a project were simply missing an

element, the score for that element would be

zero. However, if the concept proclaims the

purpose of supporting particular activities and

operations, but those functions are completely

missing, then it must score a negative for the

absence of those elements.

89

touch the moon slightly

Project by Petra Panna Nagy and Shi Yin

Location Moon

Year 2012

Mission Objective Habitat for research

Mission Length Long term mission

Crew members

1st phase: max. 5 people

2nd phase: 5 - 10 people (+ research tourists)

Typology Modular


Greenhouse

Moon tower

Walkers

Moon protection

91

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

Politics fail, mega-companies gain ever increasing

influence on the development of states. The gap

between rich and poor continues to grow. And

the Earth`s resources are running low.

Something has to be done! ...

... Scientists propose to go to the Moon and

beyond that, to Mars. On the Moon, they

propose to mine Helium-3 and other resources to

satisfy the demand on Earth. In silence they also

hope to perform other research there. But for

the governments the aim is not just the

exploitation of the Moon - the Moon becomes an

object of desire again.

biggest advertising blitz ever...

...To prevent the exploitation of the Moon, an

underground movement starts to fight not only

for the rescue of the Moon, but also for the

rights and freedom of the people.

By and by this underground movement grows

until politics (governed by companies) cannot

ignore it anymore...

...To prevent a rebellion the governing companies

agree to (re-)declare the Moon a neutral zone.

Companies and people on Earth declare their aim

to rescue the Moon from exploitation and

promise to touch the Moon lightly...

In a certain way, history seems to repeat itself.

The megalomaniac race to the Moon (caused by

the competition market) turns out to be the

92

storyboard: negative szenario

DESTINATION MOON

MOON

sanitary

fitness area

LSS

community space

leisure area

safe heaven

t

v

medical help

storage

south pole

peak of etarnal light

sleeping area

private space

research area

communication cent

research points

locations are determined by research modules.

cooking area

luxury

plants

agricultural

plants

greenhouse

EARTH

research

plants

working area

Function diagram

direct connection

technical connection

view connection

„dark side“

crater

nearest point

to nucleus

lava tubes

south pole

Concept base

common lunar bases

orientation

this lunar base

orientation

storyboard: positive szenario

concept masterplan

base expansion

93

DESTINATION MOON

tower floor plan 3

sleep, privacy,

individual

space

sleep, privacy,

individual

space

inflatable

space

extension

quiet leisure

down

layer detail

storage,

sanitary

tower floor plan 2

leisure

eat, leisure

inflatable

space

extension

sanitary

fitness

inflatabl

for l

airlock,

suitlock

greenhouse

work,

laboratory

suits

greenhouse

work

astronaut

tower floor plan 1

walker arrival

walker

walker arriving

LSS storage

floor plan base down

section

connection to

safe heaven

94

safe heaven floor plan 4




laboratory, last help, LSS-storage

work, storage

sanitary,

health, fitness,

leisure, cook

sleep, storage

down

seat

eisure

About the design

The base is located at the peak of eternal light at

the lunar south pole. After deployment in the

initial phase, the growing base shall research

Helium-3, the quest for water, the genesis of the

Moon, lunar tubes and craters.

The research station shall have as little ecological

impact as possible on the lunar environment. The

interior design is relevant for the psychological

and social well-being of the crew. One vital

element is the greenhouse, which forms a central

element within the base. Different plants and

plant chambers shall offer various visual

connections.

suitelock

view

view

greenhouse

arrival

privacy

health

view

leisure

community

research + work

DESTINATION MOON

additional

inflatable

space

infrastructure

static structure

privacy space

community space

exit to the platform

work space

walker / explorer

LSS

LSS

up

leisure health

community

research + work

privacy

10 astronauts

+

2 research tourists

greenhouse

greenhouse

welcomeing area

safe haven

safe haven

function diagram / base section

up

function diagram

3

retractable panels

interchangeable for

research projects

and solar collectors

2 fixed panels

docking for other modules

or inflatable space enlargements

1 pneumatic membrane

up

floor plan

safe-haven

3

retractable panels

protection against

micro meteorites

assembly diagram

95

up

DESTINATION MOON

The Walkers

The explorer modules are designed for two

people. They can walk, run, jump and climb. The

modules have arms with different attachments,

which rotate around the explorer’s corpus. These

attachments allow the walker to dig, grab, drill or

screw. The walking explorer enables the crew to

make short missions of up to 3 days.

„Swiss pocket knife“, attachments

lss storage

beds

lss storage

workspaces

2

1

96

DESTINATION MOON


The idea of Touch the Moon Slightly is to make a

minimal impact upon the lunar environment, to

“handle it with care,” as if it is fragile. This

imported philosophy seems to derive from a

misunderstanding of Planetary Protection

requirements or perhaps green design guidelines.

The way the architects apply the philosophy is to

keep the modules physically elevated above the

surface on the grid work.

„The students developing this project had an

interesting concept as a starting point - to

minimize the future human foot print on the

Moon. Over the course of the studio they had

many different, somtimes disparate ideas, which

proved to be a challenge to combine

convincingly.“ [Instructors]

The modules consist of four-legged walkers with

four arms plus stationary modules. The

stationary modules stand on the structural grid

deck above the lunar surface. The concept

stacks three cylindrical modules vertically to

create a tower. The “Touch the Moon Slightly”

philosophy seems to extend to installing the

modules as far from the lunar surface as possible.

This concept also places one module horizontally

to berth to the tower at its base. The docking

ports in the modules can also double as windows.

The configuration includes a “welcoming area” to

receive guests and perhaps the crews from the

Moon Nomadic rovers. This concept was one of

the few to establish a public area for communal

activities. The architects provide a functional

diagram that explains the living, crew support,

and agricultural functions; however the

functional diagram does not include work or

laboratory areas. Therefore the Touch the Moon

Slightly does not seem to include a real functional

construct that goes to why the crew is on the

Moon and what they will do there besides

minimize their interaction with it.

The concept includes both mobile and stationary

elements, but the functional distinction between

them is not clear. In fact, the inclusion of the

four-legged walkers is somewhat of a mystery

given the “do not touch” design imperative.

97

Resistance/Residence

under Cover

Project by Stefan Kristoffer

Location Shackleton Crater, Lunar south

pole

Year 2030

Mission Objective Sciences


Crew members 12 - 20

Typology Inflatable / Covered / Surface

stationary


Inflatable regolith-covered habitat

situated in crater

99

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

In 2020 the decision is made to plan an

internationally manned research mission to the

Moon. Lift-off is planned for 2030. The mission

objectives are to prove that human habitation is

possible within a distant extraterrestrial

environment, to research and utilize local

materials for consumable production and for

construction purposes. The Shackleton Crater at

the lunar south pole is selected as the location

for the base because of the access to water

resources and the permanent supply of solar

power.

The crew size during the research and utilization

period consists of 12 scientists and 8 engineers in

order to maintain the lunar base facilities. During

the initial period most members serve the

construction of the base. The modules land and

deploy before human arrival and are completed

by the initial crew.

as consumables (utilization period).

Habitat

The lunar environment is not hospitable for

human life. The pressurized volume needs to be

maintained at a habitable level. To shield the crew

from dangerous cosmic radiation the habitat is

situated in an impact crater of medium size and

additionally covered with lunar soil.

Living quarters are located below the crater ring

so that protection is provided in the case of Solar

Particle Events (SPEs). The solar altitude at the

lunar south pole rises to only 1.5° craters are

constantly free from solar radiation. The

inflatable pressure vessel that contains habitable

conditions is connected to a frame structure and

has no ground contact itself.

The habitat is connected to a greenhouse (for

food production), to ‘supply modules’ and to

pressurized rovers. Research facilities are partly

integrated, partly connected or located externally.

Research topics include: geochemistry (to use

lunar soil for consumable production),

engineering geology (to build further structures

with local materials), gravitational research,

agricultural research as well as health science.

ISRU: chemically bound water and oxygen

resources are planned to be extracted and used

Habitat erection

100

DESTINATION MOON

Deployment

Site plan

0 20m

Soil

Processing

Automated Rovers

Solar Power Plant

Habitat

Supply

Module

Pressurized Rovers

Greenhouse

Structural solution

The deploying mechanism is based on a

hexagonal platform and can be

compactly packed. Two parallel

platforms with unfolding outriggers are

combined with an inflatable hull.

Supports are situated in the center and

on the ring of the crater. An additional

membrane spans the crater and serves

as support for the regolith cover. All

interior fittings are either connected to

the structure or are placed in or

developed from the central core.

near side

near side

far side

far side

600m

External Research

Solar Power Plant

1500m

Landing Spot

Launch Pads

101

DESTINATION MOON

floor plan

crew quarters / safe-haven

floor plan


Section

research / social area


102

DESTINATION MOON

floor plan

research / social area

Detail

sintered regolith

loose regolith

abraison resistant layer

tensile span membrane

thermal conduction res. I.

structural foam layer

mulitlayer insulation

pressure bladder

flame barrier

interior liner/

thermal control layer

habitable volume

0 50cm

lunar conditions

additional shielding layer

thermal radiation resistant layer

103

DESTINATION MOON

104

DESTINATION MOON


This “balloon in a bowl” habitat consists of a

deployable, hexagonal plan inflatable. It has an inner

deployable/expandable framework that is very clear

in the scale mode. The functional modules include

the Habitat, Greenhouses, and Regolith Processing.

The Resistance/Residence pursues a philosophy of

“environmental adaptation.”

This habitat design will deploy the inner structure

and inflate the pressure bladder envelope at the

same time. It offers a complete circulation loop

among the functional areas. The design places

the living quarters in the “basement,” to afford the

greatest radiation protection. To harden the roof

structure, the construction method includes placing

regolith on the roof and sintering it, at least for

the first few centimeters. Each inflatable module

includes windows looking horizontally out to the

lunar surface. The placement of openings in the

surrounding berms to frame the windows is a subtle

and effective way of integrating the habitat and

other functional areas with the landscape.

The concept for an integrated inflatable and rigid

structure that all deploys together is quite clever

and the model explains it very well. In most

respects, this design concept is one of the most

mature architecturally, in the beaux art sense of a

complete design ensemble.

While all the essential functions are present, the

relationship among them is not articulated in a

readily perceived or comprehended way. In the

Ground Floor Plan, the geometry and structure of

the smaller “Soil Processing Module” and “Supply

Module” seem arbitrary and not as well worked-out

as the main hexagonal-inflatable modules. One

function that is either not represented or absent is

the EVA airlock.

The exterior staircase to the upper left of the

Supply Module presumably connects to an airlock,

but unless the entire Supply Module is that airlock,

it is not in evidence. Also, the Soil Processing *

Module appears to have a pressure port to which to

dock a rover, but again, there is no development of

either an EVA access/airlock function or a “sample

airlock” that would allow off-loading of regolith

without having to breach the pressure envelope of

the module.

“Kristoffer’s design method is model-based and

this is clearly his strength. He made numerous,

highly elaborate working models, some to test

the deployment method, some to develop the

form. Spending much of his time on the models,

unfortunately his plans could have benefited from

more attention.” [Instructors]

*It is misleading to refer to the regolith as “soil.” Soil implies a biological process of decomposition, which

does not occur on the Moon. The American Society of Civil Engineers has a separate definition of soil referring

to a specific particle size, but that is not applicable to regolith as it comes in the full range of sizes.

105

T:W:I:S:T

Project by Daniela Siedler


Year 2037

Mission Objective Research


Crew members 8

Typology Inflatable

Surface stationary

Underground (safe-haven)


Main habitat is situated on crater wall,

research module on the crater ground

107

DESTINATION MOON

Storyboard

In 2037 an eight-manned team will be on its way

to the Moon, to land on the rim of the

Shackleton Crater at the south pole. At the

beginning, a preliminary habitat module on the

crater wall as well as a smaller research module

on the crater ground will be installed. The ground

of the crater is permanently shadowed, very cold

and thus may contain water ice, making it an

interesting location for research.

Transportation from the habitat module on the

rim to the research module on the crater ground

is provided by special lunar vehicles.

Contrary to the dark ground of the Shackleton

Crater, the rim offers an illumination of about 70

per cent per month, so it serves as an

appropriate location for solar energy.

operate independently.

In order to increase habitability in such a hostile

setting, the greenhouse forms the center of the

station. By passing through this area every day, a

positive psychological effect on the astronauts is

anticipated.

To ensure the optimum utilization of available

space, room heights vary according to internal

functions.

The initial configuration hosts eight people. The

habitat expands on the crater wall towards the

ground and rim of the crater. The first base will

be linear in configuration, additional modules will

expand in the other dimension.

Habitat

The lunar habitat stretches along the crater wall

like a backbone. The habitat consists of six

inflatable modules, which are connected with

airlocks. To ensure safety, three modules will be

buried and serve as a safe-haven. During solar

particle events and other emergencies astronauts

are able to live in these modules, which can

Storyboard

Section Siteplan

Functional Diagram

Acht Astronauten

starten ihre Mission

zum Mond. Unter

ihnen befinden

sich Ingenieure und

Forscher.

108

Das bemannte Habitat

landet erfolgreich

auf dem Mond.

Dort erst mal gelandet,

packen die Astronauten

auch schon

die mitgebrachten

Pakete aus.

Diese Pakete sind pneumatische

Habitate, die

nun aufgeblasen werden.

Sie werden vorerst

als Forschungsstätte

und Unterkonft der

Astronauten

dienen.

Zur Nutzung der vorhandenen Mond-Ressourcen

wird mit dem Abbau dieser begonnen. Der Fokus

liegt zu Beginn vor allem auf der Herstellung von

Beton. Also, Zement, Wasser und Zuschlagstoffe

müssen her!

DESTINATION MOON

siteplan

Zur Energiegewinnung werden Photovoltaik

Anlagen am Südpol, wo durchgehende Sonneneinstrahlung

vorhanden ist, errichtet.

Die pneumatischen Konstruktionen

werden mit dem hergestellten

Beton schichtweise

überzogen.

Das Pneu wird entfernt und zusammengefaltet,

es bleibt lediglich der

Schalungsaufbau. Das Pneu kann

somit erneut aufgeblasen und verwendet

werden.

Schritt für Schritt erfolgt die Erweiterung der Forschungssiedlung.

Greenhouses, Fitnessräume und Wohnmodule

werden errichtet. Weitere Astronauten landen am Mond.

Im Jahr

2100

werden erste Kinder

geboren, die Bewohner

können sich ihre

Freizei

t im Kino oder

in einem Resta

urant

verbringen. Und

natürlich wird eifrig

geforscht, um einen

Weiterflug zum

Mars bald ermöglichen

zu können.

109

DESTINATION MOON

Laboratory on the

crater ground

Habitation areas on

the crater rim

110

DESTINATION MOON

Crewquarters

nutrient-rich

water is pumped

to the upper plant

beds.

2

1

The water is

pumped through

a bio filter to

collect fish

faeces, which

are converted

into nutrients

by nutrifying

The Lunar Greenhouse combines the cultivation

of fish with the growing of vegetables. Fish

provide rich fertilizer for the plants and in return,

the plants clean the water for the fish. The fish

and the plants co-exist in a symbiotic relationship.

3

4

water follows

gravity and

provides plants

with water and

nutrients.

The freshly

purified water

is pumped

back into the

fish tank.

111

DESTINATION MOON

Structural Concept

1

The packed habitat has a diameter of 5 meters in

order to be transported to the lunar surface. The

construction basically consists of a structural

helix, which is tightened by structural foam. The

spiral itself consists of seven inflatable pipes,

which are twisted into each other. A deployable

U-profile keeps the spiral together and stabilizes

it as a guide rail. After construction of the spiral,

the habitat will be inflated to fit the shell and put

into its final position.

2

3

1

2

construction spiral, filled with structural foam

U-Profile, foldable

3

lock

4

feets, depolyable

4

Structure and Deployment

of the Modules

∅

112

Working model with tensile fabrics - Form finding with soap bubble experiments

Model of twisted tubes for the

construction spiral

Layering Concept

DESTINATION MOON

Form finding with a

balloon

113

DESTINATION MOON

114

DESTINATION MOON


This concept creates a linear array of units that

begins at the upper edge of the crater wall and

follows the slope down toward the center. The

form of these habitation units derives from the

structure, which consists of a spiral “spring.” The

crew will deploy this spiral inside the inflatable,

giving it form that provides volumes of varying

shapes and sizes that can accommodate the living

and working environment functions. The spiral will

initially be flexible, but its foam filling will harden into

a rigid shape. The model, made of plaster of Paris,

expresses and explains the concept well, better than

the elaborate CAD drawings.

these relationships in the Adjacency Matrix.

These relationships, at a minimum, would involve

requirements for adjacency and access to functional

areas, egress from these areas, and separation of

incompatible functions.

The final presentation included one module offset

from the main axis/spiral and two EVA/”Suitport”

modules in line with the main axis, which shows

some maturation from the earlier approach.

“Daniela was one of the students that

experimented with a lot models. Doing so, she

developed an interesting concept for an inflatable

structure, the form of which can be adjusted to

functional requirements inside.” [Instructors]

The areas that need further attention include:

The construction of the spiral needs to be further

articulated, particularly the outer inflatable layer

that would be filled with foam that solidifies; The

starting and ending points of the main spiral are

ambiguous in the sense that it is not clear why they

are positioned as shown; Assuming that there is a

reason for the location of the starting point, there

does not appear to be a “stopping rule to determine

or explain why it the spiral stops where it does on

the inward slope of the crater.

The main difficulty posed by this sort of

predominately linear plan is that it does not allow

full and proper architectural programming to

develop the relationships among functional areas

and volumes. Typically the architect defines

115

Summary Evaluation

Marc M. Cohen

Evaluation

The following tables cover three broad areas of

for a student space architecture project. They

are Concept, Representation, and Space

Architecture. The Concept domain refers to the

ways in which, and the degrees to which the

project demonstrates identifiable and clear ideas

for the project. The Representation domain

covers the ways in which the projects present

those ideas to make them evident and

comprehensible. Finally, the Space Architecture

domain encompasses the extent to which the

students use the elements and pattern language

of Space Architecture. One way to understand

these assessment tables is that they account for

the various efforts the students made to come to

grips with the design problem and to create and

communicate a solution. Please bear in mind,

that although the scoring for the Sums in the

right column assess to a limited extent how well

individual projects succeed, what is most

important is the evaluation of how the students

respond to the design brief and what their

projects accomplish as a whole.

Concept: Definitions of Descriptive Criteria

Analogy, including Backstory:

The use of analogy is a time-honored and

widespread practice in architecture. Some

students use analogy, but that is not a

requirement in any sense. However it can add a

story line and a degree of richness to the

narrative.

Formal Concept:

Developing such a concept as a discrete physical

and visual form is an essential step in

architecture.

Imported Philosophy:

It has become fashionable in recent decades to

start an architecture project from a philosophical

--instead of a formal – parti (point of departure).

Although the use of imported and possibly

irrelevant philosophy sometimes provokes

controversy, the recording here addresses only

whether it is present in the project.

Structural Concept:

Because Space Architecture occurs in the

extreme environment of vacuum and reduced or

microgravity, the structure must not only support

conventional live and dead loads, but also the

pneumatic pressure of the atmosphere.

Geometric Construct:

As part of the structural concept or the formal

concept, a geometric concomitant often

becomes a prominent organizing principle.

Science of Physics Concept:

Some Space Architecture concepts invoke

innovative applications of science, most often

physics in developing a habitat project. However,

often as much peril can accrue to the project as

benefit unless the architect brings a solid grasp

of the science to the effort.

Representation of the Design Concept

Storyboard / Preliminary Sketches / Study

Model:

The early steps in the creative process serve as a

tremendously important viewport into the

architect’s design process, and can offer strong

first order predictions of how well the project

direction will turn out. The point in this criteria is

not whether the architect went through these

steps or not, but only whether she or he uses

them in the review presentation to explain and

illuminate the final project.

Functional Diagram or Matrix:

Mature and serious architectural design usually

116

demands a symbolic representation of the

relationship between functional areas or spaces.

This representation can take the form of a table,

a matrix, or a diagram that explains the decisions

about adjacency, separation, parallel elements,

and other supra-design features that shape the

entire project, such as the modularization of

living quarters, working areas, or agriculture.

Adjacency Matrix:

An adjacency matrix is a special case of a

functional matrix that explicates the importance

of connecting or separating individual spaces.

Site Planning:

The base or habitat sits on or under the surface

of the extraterrestrial body. Where the project

intersects the surface, the need arises to

elaborate that intersection and the relationship

between the habitat and the surrounding terrain.

Architectural Plan:

The plan drawing acts as the heart of an

architectural project and probably the most timehonored

representation of a building. It provides

the shorthand for everything else in the project.

Architectural Building Section and Elevations:

The building section and elevation articulates the

plan’s realization in three dimensions.

Architectural 3D CAD:

Computer Aided Design (CAD) has become the

standard means of representation in most

architectural project.

Structural Detail or Other Detail:

Because Space Architecture projects are often

innovative, the architects often need to explain

how they will make their structural concept or

other feature feasible and realizable. The detail

conveys understanding of the craft of building.

Scale Model:

Presenting a project with a 3D scale model helps

the reviewer and the public understand the

concept. Scale models are particularly helpful for

people who are not trained design professionals

and so may encounter difficulty in visualizing a

3D concept from 2D drawings.

Working Scale Model:

Where a Space Architecture project involves

changes in form or structure as part of

installation, deployment, or inflation, a working

model offers significant help to demonstrate the

concept.

Space Architecture:

Elements and Design Precedents

Multiple Access:

Multiple access reflects a design that provides

two or more means of entry to important areas,

rooms, or spaces. There are many functional and

safety reasons for why multiple access can be an

asset.

Dual Remote Egress:

Two or more remotely separated exits from a

given room or volume is a hallmark of the earliest

life safety and fire codes on Earth. It deserves

equal or greater attention in a space habitat.

Multiple Circulation Loops:

A circulation loop refers to a means of

perambulating or translating around a space

habitat or base. Multiple routes or loops would

be beneficial for flexible and varying uses.

Public Space:

In a space habitat with five to six or more

crewmembers, there will be common living,

gathering, and circulation areas in addition to

shared workspaces. Common living spaces

include the wardroom, galley, exercise, and

entertainment areas.

117

Vertical Circulation:

Nearly all the projects incorporate high ceilings or

multiple levels in the habitat. The ways in which

the crew can access these parts of the total

volume serves as an important functional

element.

Private Quarters:

Providing a private living space and sleep quarter

stands as one of the most widely recognized

requirements since Raymond Loewy’s design for

the Skylab sleep quarters.

Work or Lab Area:

Most crewmembers will go to the space habitat

or base to work, doing engineering, research,

science, or technology development. They will

need suitable accommodations to perform these

tasks.

Plant Growth Area:

Self-sufficiency in food will emerge as a vital

capability to sustain human space settlements.

In addition, the partial G environment presents

opportunities for agricultural research.

Life Support:

Life support is a sine qua non of a space habitat.

The issue for Destination Moon is the extent to

which the architects recognize the role of life

support and make some accommodation or

indication for it.

Surface Mobility:

The ability to travel safely and in relative comfort

over distances on the lunar surface while

protected from the extreme environment

constitutes a vital capability for a range of

engineering, exploration, ISRU, and logistical

purposes.

Use of Robotics:

Autonomous, robotic, and teleoperated systems

are already becoming ubiquitous in the space

exploration environment. Surely these

capabilities will act as an integrated element of

the Destination Moon base.

EVA Access Airlock:

Travel on foot to explore and work will remain

essential for nearly all EVA activities on the

Moon. Therefore, the space habitat should

include some type of airlock provisions.

Scoring Rubric

This scoring system focuses

on determining if an abovelisted

element is present in a

Destination Moon project and,

if so, how successfully the architects

implemented.

Score Title Criteria

2.0 Successful and

Outstanding

The element is implemented successfully at an

excellent level of design.

1.0 Successful The element is implemented successfully; it makes

a credible and potentially feasible asset.

0.5 Present The element is present, but the implementation is

not fully successful, although there are no major

errors.

0 Absent The element is not present in the design.

(1.0) Failure The element is implemented in an incorrect or

misguided way that causes it to fail.

118

Table: Concept Criteria

CONCEPT

PROJECTS

Analogy

including

Backstory

Formal

Concept

Imported

Philosophy

Structural

Concept

Geometric

Concept

Science or

Physics

Concept

Concept

Sums

Aymara 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 (1.0) 2.0

Biodiversity Base 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0 3.5

Cyclops Hub 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 5.0

Down to Earth 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 2.5

Green Andromeda 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 4.0

LunaMonte 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 3.5

Lunar Village One 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 3.0

Moon Nomadic (1.0) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0

MYO Space Harbor 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 4.0

Resistance/Residence 0.0 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 0.0 5.5

Touch the Moon Slightly 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 2.5

Twist 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 5.5

TOTAL 4 11 3 13 10.5 0.5 42

Absolute Values 6 11 3 13 10.5 2.5 42

Percent

119

Table: Representation Criteria

REPRESENTATION

PROJECTS

Storyboard/

preliminary

sketches/

Functional

Diagram

or Matrix

Adjacency

Matrix

Site Planning

Architectural

Plan(s)

Architectural

Building

Sections/

Elevations

Architectural

3D

CAD

Structural

or other

Detail

Scale

Model

Working

Scale

Model

Sums

Aymara 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 4.0

Biodiversity Base 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 4.0

Cyclops Hub 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 5.0

Down to Earth 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5

Green Andromeda 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 4.0

LunaMonte 2.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 9.5

Lunar Village One 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 5.5

Moon Nomadic 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0

MYO Space Harbor 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 6.5

Resistance/Residence

1.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 8.0

Touch the Moon 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5

Slightly

Twist 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 7.0

TOTAL 9 3 2 7.5 12.5 11.5 12.5 6 6.5 4 65.5

Absolute Values 9 3 2 7.5 12.5 11.5 12.5 6 6.5 4 65.5

120

Table: Space Architecture Features

SPACE ARCHITECTURE FEATURES

Multiple

Access

Dual

Remote

Egress

Multiple

Circulation

Loops

Common

or Public

Space

Vertical

Circulation

Private

Quarters

Work or

Lab Areas

Plant

Growth

Life Support

Surface

Mobility

Use of

Robotics

EVA

Access/

Airlock

Space

Architecture

Feature

Sums

0.0 (1.0) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.5

0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 6.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 7.0

1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 6.5

0.0 (1.0) 0.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 6.5

0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 7.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 4.5

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 (1.0) 6.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 5.5

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 9.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 4.0

0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 5.5

6.0 2.5 4.5 9.5 4.5 12.0 10.0 6.5 2.0 4.0 4.0 6.5 72.0

6 6.5 4.5 9.5 4.5 12 10 6.5 2 4 4 8.5 72

121

Department for Building Construction and Design - HB 2

(Prof. Gerhard Steixner)

Design studio 2012

Studio directed by:

Dr. Häuplik-Meusburger Sandra & DI Lu San-Hwan

External project evaluation:

Dr. Marc M. Cohen

Projects by:

Abele Maximilian Urs, Miran Badzak, Benesch Ottokar,

Czech Marcus, Demirtas Tarik, Galonja Daniel, Hengl Karl,

Heshmatpour Christian, Khouni Amine, Klaus Julia,

Kolaritsch Alexander, Krljes Dario, Küpeli Betül, Lang

Elisabeth, Lazarova Yoana, Lukacs David, Milchram

Thomas, Mörtl Christian, Mulic Aida, Nagy Petra Panna,

Nanu Alexander, Pluch Kerstin, Rossetti Vittorio, Shi Yin,

Siedler Daniela, Stefan Kristoffer, Steinschifter Mark

Only 12 people have set foot on the Moon so far. Since

December 1972 no one has been there at all...

During the 2012 spring term 25 students in the Master of

Architecture program realized their vision of a future

research base on the Moon. Re-thinking design challenges

through a change of perspective (i.e. extraterrestrial

environment) has been a critical part of this design studio.

This course has been accompanied by theme-specific

lectures and workshops with space experts.

ISBN 978-3-200-02861-6

Destination Moon – Future Living and Working Spaces - Design Studio 2012

Transform your PDFs into Flipbooks and boost your revenue!

Delete template?

Save as template ?