1 Clauses, conjunctions,

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1 Clauses, conjunctions, personal pronouns This text is informative. It uses a variety of sentence types. The title conveys the writer’s opinion of the subject of the text. A Doggy Hero The first animal to orbit Earth was a dog named Laika. She was sent to space in a Soviet Union spacecraft named Sputnik II in 1957. Laika was a stray dog caught on the streets of Moscow. She was nicknamed ‘Muttnik’ by the American media. While in space, Laika’s heart rate and other vital signs were monitored so that scientists could determine whether it was safe to send humans into orbit. She was harnessed into the spacecraft. The mission was not a return mission, and there was never any intention to bring Laika home. Scientists believe Laika overheated in the spacecraft and died within seven days. I Read A Doggy Hero. Why is Laika referred to as a hero? 2 Why was Laika nicknamed Muttnik? A clause is a unit of meaning that includes a verb. A simple sentence is one clause. Conjunctions link clauses to form compound and complex sentences. and so because but or until 3 Circle the conjunctions in the sentences below. Underline the verbs. Laika was born in Moscow and she became a very famous Russian dog. Laika was the first animal to orbit the Earth and she became famous. Laika was harnessed into the spacecraft but she could reach her food and water. Laika was the first animal to orbit Earth but she was not the first animal in space. 4 Cross out the incorrect conjunction in each example. Laika overheated (so/or) she died. Laika died (so/because) Sputnik II’s heat shield failed. The dog’s name was Laika (but/so) the media called her ‘Muttnik’. 5 A Doggy Hero has not been written in paragraphs. Draw a dividing line in the text where you think each paragraph should begin. 8 Grammar Rules! Student Book 5 (ISBN 9780655092452) © Tanya Gibb
6 A complex sentence has two or more clauses. One of the clauses is the main (independent) clause. The other clauses in the sentence are dependent clauses. They depend on the main clause to fully make sense. Join the sentences using conjunctions. Laika was harnessed into the spacecraft. She couldn’t move around. Russian scientists said Laika showed no ill effects from her space flight. She overheated. She died. Laika was a stray dog. No-one objected to sending Laika into space. Laika died in space. She became famous. Personal pronouns replace or refer to nouns for people, places, animals and things. I me you we us he him she her they them it 7 8 Circle the personal pronouns in A Doggy Hero. Use a personal pronoun from the box to complete each sentence. him he it it her she Laika ate her dinner and then licked her lips. Ralph, the dog, sat under his favourite tree while I bought a new lunch box and took to school. My cat was sick so I took to the vet. Lena doesn’t like it when I tickle . Russell is funny, but don’t tell I said so! waited for dinner. 9 Rewrite the pair of sentences as one sentence. Use a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Elena and Frankie went to the park. Elena and Frankie needed some fresh air. Find out about some other animals that were sent into space, such as spiders, monkeys or mice. Write an information report. Use conjunctions to connect clauses in the sentences. Use pronouns to refer to the animals. Grammar Rules! Student Book 5 (ISBN 9780655092452) © Tanya Gibb 9
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Page 8 and 9: Scope and Sequence This scope and s
Page 12 and 13: 2 Nouns groups, verb groups This or
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Grammar Rules! NSW 5 student book sample/look inside

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