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America’s East Coast
Greenway
A wooden bridge on the Greenway in Virginia. | Photo: Getty Images
TOURISM • PARKS • SUSTAINABILITY
Stretching along the eastern coast of the United States, the new park hopes
to get Americans out of their cars and onto their bikes (or feet!).
crossword puzzle: America’s East Coast Greenway 1 2
All the answers for this crossword can be found in the article on this page.
Put the letters in the orange boxes in the correct order to find the answer below.
Answers on page 8.
Across
mit Audiodatei und
American English
By Jessica Stuart
1 THE EAST COAST Greenway
is a walking and biking route
that goes from Calais, Maine,
3 A big road that joins towns
and/or cities together
6 A way between places
7 An organisation which does
not have the goal of making
money
10 A city in Pennsylvania
11 The land next to or close to
the ocean
12 See 9 Down
14 The opposite of south
15 The quality of being able to
last over a longer period of
time
Down
Übungsmaterial
0 – 1 GREENWAY Grünzug — sustainability “s´ÆsteIn´"bIl´ti‘
Nachhaltigkeit — to stretch along … sich entlang … erstrecken
— walking and biking route “ru…t‘ Wander- und Radweg —
1,050 miles ca. 1690 km — 3,000 miles ca. 4828 km — impact
“"--‘ Effekt — community Gemeinde
2 linear “"lini´‘ linear angelegt, länglich — to be made up of
s.th. aus etw. bestehen — trail Weg — to get around sich fortbewegen
— sustainably “s´"steIn´bli‘ nachhaltig — highway Autobahn
— to be separated from s.th. “"sep´reItId‘ von etw. getrennt
sein
3 to be around bestehen — alliance “´"laI´ns‘ Bündnis —
1 1.6 km
2 Buildings where people live
4 The opposite of north
5 A place in West Virginia
8 A city in Maine
9 (Together with 12 Across) A city in
Florida
10 A large area of land, usually with
grass and trees
13 A path through a countryside,
mountain, or forest area
The Greenway is for biking and —— —— —— —— —— —— ——
in the north of the U.S., to Key
West, Florida, in the south. While
the route is not yet complete –
only 1,050 miles of the planned
3,000 are there – the Greenway
is already having a positive impact
on the communities it passes
through.
2 The Greenway is a linear park,
which means that it’s much longer
than it is wide. It’s made up of
trails that will one day connect
nonprofit “-"--‘ gemeinnützige Organisation — to be in charge
of s.th. für etw. verantwortlich sein — to found s.th. etw. gründen
— bicycling “"baIsIklIN‘ Fahrradfahren; s.w.u. Fahrrad- — to
benefit s.th. “"benIfIt‘ etw. zugutekommen
4 – 5 co-founder Mitbegründer(in) — huge “hju…dZ‘ riesig —
struggle “"strøg´l‘ Kampf — transportation official “ÆtrœnspO…
"teIS´n; ´"fIS´l‘ Verkehrsverantwortliche(r) — to be negative toward
s.th. etw. gegenüber negativ eingestellt sein — even
though “D´U‘ obwohl — to keep going weitermachen — resident
“"rezId´nt‘ Bewohner(in), Einwohner(in)
6 – 7 survey “"s‰…veI‘ Umfrage — Virginia “v´"dZInj´‘ — study
6
10
3
4 5
8 9
7
11
12 13
15
450 cities in 15 states, giving the
people there an easy way to enjoy
nature, stay healthy, and get
around more sustainably. Cars
are not allowed; the Greenway
is not a highway and is separated
from all car traffic.
3 The idea for the Greenway
has been around since 1991. That
was the year that the East Coast
Greenway Alliance, the nonprofit
in charge of the route, was founded.
Eight people got together
then to turn their love for bicycling
into something that could
benefit a big part of the country.
It wasn’t easy to do.
4 Karen Votava, the co-founder
of the Alliance, says on the organization’s
website that getting
people interested in bike routes
was a “huge struggle” in the
1990s. Transportation officials
were “very negative toward bicycles,”
she says, and other bicycling
organizations didn’t want
to build protected paths for bikes.
They just wanted bikes and cars
to share the same space.
5 Even though it was hard, the
Alliance kept going. It’s lucky for
East Coast residents that it did,
because a lot of good things come
with a greenway.
6 In an early 2000s survey of
residents of Morgantown, West
Virginia, 60 percent of them said
they exercised more when using
the city’s trails. A 2019 study
also showed that separated bike
lanes, like those on the Greenway,
help reduce traffic injuries
for everyone on the road. That’s
great for public health, especially
when you consider that there are
50 million visits to the Greenway
each year.
7 It’s not just people that benefit
from the Greenway. Nature
benefits, too. When Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, got a trail that connected
it to the Greenway, an area
that was once full of trash became
what the Alliance calls a “refuge.”
The trash was removed, and trees
and plants have been planted
along one of the city’s rivers.
8 There are, however, some
negatives. When a city gets a
greenway or park, housing prices
in the area sometimes increase.
Green spaces are attractive, and
people want to live next to them.
9 This allows landlords and developers
to charge higher prices,
knowing that there will be people
willing to pay them. The people
who already live in the area and
can’t afford those prices often
have to find homes elsewhere.
10 Another problem: building
a greenway costs a lot of money.
Land is expensive, and the East
Coast Greenway needs a lot of
it. According to the East Coast
Greenway Alliance, building the
rest of the trail will cost around
$4 billion.
Studie — bike lane Radweg — traffic injury “"IndZ´ri‘ Verletzung
durch einen Verkehrsunfall — public health öffentl. Gesundheit
— to consider “k´n"sId´‘ bedenken — to benefit from s.th. von
etw. profitieren — trash Müll — refuge “"refju…dZ‘ Schutzgebiet
8 – 10 negative negativer Aspekt — housing prices Immobilienpreise
— to increase “In"kri…s‘ steigen — green space Grünanlage
— landlord Vermieter — developer Bauunternehmer(in) — to
be willing to do s.th. bereit sein, etw. zu tun — elsewhere “-"-‘
anderswo — billion Milliarde
14
Bird flu could
reach New Zealand
WILDLIFE If the contagious disease reached New Zealand, it could
have terrible consequences for the country’s unique birds.
By Franziska Lange
1 SINCE 2021,millions of
birds around the world have
been killed by avian influenza,
often called bird flu. Bird flu is a
disease caused by avian influenza
viruses, and the current strain of
the virus, H5N1, is especially contagious.
It spreads quickly across
continents through migratory
birds, especially water birds.
2 Only one region has not had
any cases of bird flu yet, and
that’s Oceania, which is made up
of Australia, New Zealand, and
the Pacific Islands.
3 But now there have been
cases of bird flu in Antarctica,
and that has scientists in New
Zealand worried. It could mean
that the disease is coming closer
to New Zealand.
4 Professor Jemma Geoghegan,
a virologist at the University of
Otago, told Radio New Zealand
it’s only a matter of time before
the virus arrives on the islands.
When it does, she said, “it could
be catastrophic for many of the
species that are sort of already
tinkering on the brink of extinction”.
5 New Zealand has many bird
species that are found nowhere
else on the planet, and many of
them are endangered, like the
tara iti, or
fairy tern,
for example,
Fairy tern.
| Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Photo: Getty Images
|
of which there are only 40 birds
left. Bird flu could wipe out the
whole species.
6 At the moment, Bio security
New Zealand, a branch of the
Ministry for Primary Industries
(MPI) that responds to new diseases
arriving in New Zealand,
says the risk of bird flu coming
to New Zealand is low. That’s
because New Zealand has good
border biosecurity and because
other land masses are far away.
7 The MPI, however, still warns
there is a risk that H5N1 could
arrive in New Zealand through
migratory birds, infected people
or contaminated items. The virus
has also spread to marine mammals,
which increases the risk of
its being carried to New Zealand.
Even with strong border biosecurity,
smuggling of birds could
be a problem as well.
8 That’s why scientists and
authorities in New Zealand
are watching the
global situation. Because
it will be difficult to control
H5N1 once it’s there,
the focus is on surveillance
and early detection.
9 As part of the Te Niwha research
project, scientists are collecting
environmental samples
to understand how and where
bird flu could affect New Zealand.
They’re developing an environmental
DNA detection tool
that can be used to discover signs
of infection early on.
10 Authorities are working on
plans to reduce the spread of the
disease and the risk to endangered
species when it arrives in
New Zealand. The MPI has approved
a test trial for a bird flu
vaccine on five endangered bird
species. People have also been
asked to inform the MPI if they
see three or more dead or dying
birds or marine mammals.
11 According to the Department
of Conservation, the best way to
protect New Zealand’s birds is
to make sure there are strong,
healthy populations in lots of
different places. This means
breeding and predator control
programmes need to be continued
or even increased.
12 Sooner or later, however,
bird flu will find its way to New
Zealand. Mary van Andel, the
MPI’s chief veterinary officer,
said the disease can’t be stopped.
She added, “But we can work together
to make it less bad.”
0 BIRD FLU Vogelgrippe — contagious “k´n"teIdZ´s‘
ansteckend — consequence “"kÅnsIkw´ns‘ — unique
“ju…"ni…k‘ einzigartig
1 – 3 avian influenza “"eIvi´n; ÆInflu"enz´‘ — to cause
s.th. “kO…z‘ etw. verursachen — current “"kør´nt‘ gegenwärtig
— strain Erregerstamm — to spread “spred‘ sich
ausbreiten — migratory bird “"maIgr´t´ri‘ Zugvogel —
Oceania “´USi"A…ni´‘ — to be made up of ... sich aus … zusammensetzen
4 Geoghegan “"geIg´n‘ — virologist “vaI´"rÅl´dZIst‘
Virologe(-in) — a matter of time eine Frage der Zeit —
catastrophic “Ækœt´"strÅfIk‘ — species “"spi…Si…z‘ Spezies; Art
— sort of irgendwie — to tinker (fig) vor sich hin vegetieren
— brink Rand — extinction “Ik"stINkS´n‘ Aussterben
5 – 6 endangered “In"deIndZ´d‘ bedroht — tara iti/fairy
tern “"fe´ri Æt‰…n‘ Australseeschwalbe — to wipe s.th. out
etw. auslöschen — biosecurity “ÆbaI´UsI"kjU´r´ti‘ Biosicherheit
— branch Abteilung — ministry Ministerium
— primary industry “"praIm´ri‘ Primärindustrie — to respond
to s.th. “rI"spÅnd‘ auf etw. reagieren — risk Risiko
— border … … an den Landesgrenzen
7 – 8 contaminated “k´n"tœmIneItId‘ kontaminiert —
marine mammal “m´"ri…n; "mœm´l‘ Meeressäuger — to
increase s.th. “in"kri…s‘ etw. erhöhen; s.w.u. ausbauen —
to carry s.th. to … h.: etw. nach … einschleppen —
smuggling Schmuggel — authority “O…"TÅr´ti‘ Behörde
— surveillance “s´"veIl´ns‘ Überwachung — early detection
“dI"tekS´n‘ Früherkennung
9 – 10 environmental sample “InÆvaIr´"ment´l‘ Umweltprobe
— to affect s.th. “´"fekt‘ etw. treffen — detection
tool Erkennungstechnologie — spread Ausbreitung — to
approve s.th. “´"pru…v‘ etw. genehmigen — test trial
“"traI´l‘ Probelauf — vaccine “"vœksIn‘ Impfstoff
11 – 12 Department of Conservation “dI"pA…tm´nt;
ÆkÅns´"veIS´n‘ Umweltschutzministerium — population
“ÆpÅpj´"leIS´n‘ Bestand — breeding Brut(-) — predator
“"pred´t´‘ Raubtier(-) — chief veterinary officer “tSi…f;
"vet´rIn´ri‘ Leiter(in) des Veterinäramts
question time
What is a hongi?
mit Audiodatei
By Franziska Lange
1 TO GREET
someone, people in
New Zealand sometimes
touch their
nose to the other
person’s nose. This
greeting is called hongi, and
it’s a traditional Māori practice.
The hongi is a way of showing
respect and establishing a connection
with another person.
2 For the Māori, the hongi has
a lot of significance because of its
important place in their mythology.
According to Māori legend,
the god Tāne formed the first
woman from the earth. He then
touched his nose to hers and
breathed into her nostrils, making
her come to life.
3 Angus Macfarlane, a professor
of Māori research at the
University of Canterbury, said,
“Tāne is considered the progenitor
of Te Ao Māori (the Māori
world), and that is where the
breath of life came from.”
4 To this day, the Māori share
this breath of life when they
greet each other in a hongi. For
them, the greeting is important
on a spiritual level: “My wairua
(spiritual self) greets yours”, as
Father Henare Tate describes
it in an article for New Zealand
Geographic.
5 The typical way to hongi
someone is to take the other person’s
hand, as in a handshake,
lean forward, and softly press
your noses together. You can put
your left hand on the other person’s
shoulder while doing the
hongi.
6 But different tribes, or iwi,
have different ways of doing
the hongi. Some iwi touch the
Sean Wainui and Bryn
Hall hongi at a rugby game
in New Zealand.
| Photo: Getty Images
other person’s nose two or even
three times. Others also touch
foreheads during a hongi. This
is thought to add another
level to the greeting because
the head is where
our thoughts are. A hongi
with foreheads touching
means that two spirits
metaphorically exchange not
only breath but also knowledge,
Professor Te Hurinui Clarke, of
the University of Canterbury’s
College of Education, explains.
7 In the book Tikanga: Living
with the traditions of Te Ao
Māori, which he wrote together
with his wife Kaiora, Francis Tipene
describes it like this: “We
have shared a breath through the
nose. We have shared thoughts.
It’s all symbolic and it’s a beautiful
way to connect with one another.”
8 That connection can be made
in both formal and informal
situations. Although the hongi
remains an important part of
traditional Māori gatherings,
Clarke said the hongi has also
always been an everyday greeting
in Māori communities. “If
you haven’t seen someone for a
long time and run into them at
the bank or the doctor’s or a café,
you give them a hongi”, as Kaiora
Tipene writes in Tikanga.
9 Non-Māori sometimes also
greet each other this way, especially
during formal occasions.
Jacinda Ardern, the former prime
minister of New Zealand, often
greeted visitors, including Prince
William, with a hongi. And when
you’re taking part in Māori ceremonies,
you can also expect to be
greeted with a hongi, which is an
honour because it means
you’re no longer just a
visitor.
0 – 2 PRACTICE Praktik; Brauch — to establish a connection with s.o.
“I"stœblIS; k´"nekS´n‘ eine Verbindung zu jdm. aufbauen — significance
“ÆsIg"nIfIk´ns‘ Bedeutung — mythology “mI"TÅl´dZi‘ — to breathe “bri…D‘ atmen
— nostril Nasenloch — to come to life zum Leben erwachen
3 – 5 research “rI"s‰…tS‘ Forschung — to be considered … “k´n"sId´d‘ als …
angesehen werden — progenitor “pr´U"dZenIt´‘ Vater; Schöpfer — breath of
life “breT‘ Atemhauch des Lebens — spiritual “"spIrItSu´l‘ spirituell — (the)
self das Selbst; das Ich — geographic “ÆdZi´"grœfIk‘ — to lean forward sich
nach vorne neigen
6 – 7 tribe Stamm — forehead “"fÅrId‘ Stirn — s.th. is thought to do … von
etw. wird geglaubt, es würde … — spirit Geist — metaphorically “Æmet´"fO…
rIk´li‘ metaphorisch, im übertragenen Sinne — to exchange s.th. “Iks"tSeIndZ‘
etw. austauschen — knowledge “"nÅlIdZ‘ Wissen — to connect with s.o.
“k´"nekt‘ zu jdm. eine Verbindung aufbauen
8 – 9 gathering “"gœD´rIN‘ Zusammenkunft — everyday im Alltag gebräuchlich
— community “k´m"ju…n´ti‘ Gemeinde — to run into s.o. zufällig jdn.
treffen — occasion “´"keIZ´n‘ Anlass — honour “"Ån´‘ Ehre