e Flight Journal 2 2024

Electric Aviation, eVTOLS, Multicopter, Rotor wings, Fixed Wing, Hybrid Technology, Rule making news, Test Reports * Electric Aviation, eVTOLS, Multicopter, Rotorwings, Hybrid Technology, Rule
Quarterly Vol. 2-2024
H2
Feature
Joby’s record flight & more :
AERO:
Fuel cell for
UL - LSA Aircraft
www.e-flight-journal.com
Fuel cell powered eVTOL
- will hydrogen solve the battery needs?
Asia-pacific
Skydrive Japan‘s eVTOL
preparing for Osaka
Mosaic:
electric driven LSA -
the new FAA rule
Scan to download
the online version

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e Flight Journal
5

Editorial
H like Heaven
HHydrogen combined with oxygen and water made life on Earth possible. In the attempt to fight global
warming and reduce the carbon footprint, the Element with the H plays an important role, especially
in the transport and energy storage sector. As battery-powered e-mobility is still a big problem, the energy
density of the batteries is still about ten times lower than that of traditional fuel. Although Battery
manufacturers are progressing with raising the energy density, the gap stays very big, and for most aviation
use cases, it’s still not enough.
Fuel cells, which convert hydrogen with oxygen from the air into energy and water, emerge as the most
promising alternative. This is evidenced by the significant investments made by many governments to
create a hydrogen infrastructure, signaling a positive direction for the industry.
The last month symbolized this technology’s ups and downs over the last 40 years. 1st Universal
Hydrogen, one of the big players in converting a commuter plane to a fuel cell-powered electric plane,
ran out of money. Then, only a bit more than a week later, on the 11th of July, Joby demonstrated with a
523-mile eVTOL flight that even in the challenging eVTOL market, a fuel cell as a power source is possible.
Many market observers wondered how the company tightened up with the certification of their aircraft
and could realize this fast development of a Fuel-Cell driven Tilt Rotor eVTOL- The answer is simple
– acquiring know-how and a great effort of integration. In 2022, Joby bought the German company
H2fly, founded by Prof. Josef Kallo, who has realized several fuel cell-powered aircraft since 2009, first
under the German Aviation research center DLR and since 2015 with his own company H2Fly.
This also explains why Joby did not choose pressurized gaseous hydrogen but the more complex liquid
hydrogen. H2fly realized the world’s first flight with liquid hydrogen in September 2023 with their
Hy4 test aircraft.
H2fly is not the only German company working on Hydrogen Aircraft. Hyfly, a company designing a fuel
cell-powered electric drive system for Ultralight LSA and other small aircraft, should first take off this
year. Apus is working near Berlin on a series of Fuel-driven Hydrogen planes, starting with a twin-engine
Part 23 four-seater GA aircraft and Nex.aero from Berlin, which is developing a regional passenger
eVTOL as well as an eVTOL cargo drone, both receiving their energy from a fuel cell.
However, companies are monitoring hydrogen aviation closely in America and the USA and in other
parts of the world, like China, and have picked some interesting development paths. Due to the large
investment needed, high uncertainty, and the long path, state-owned companies are the major driving
force behind China’s hydrogen aviation. In December 2017, a RX1E two-seat electric light sport airplane
converted to a 20kw fuel cell power system took off. The founder of the RX1E series of electric
airplanes, Prof. Yang Fengtian, is a major advocate for hydrogen aviation in China. In 2024, his team
showed at the AERO/e-flight-expo in Germany a version of the RX4E four-seat electric airplane with a
combustion engine that burned hydrogen and generated electric energy. In early July 2024, COMAC,
the Chinese equivalent of Airbus and Boeing, flew a multicopter drone developed by several institutes
and companies using liquid hydrogen fuel cells. As the world’s largest producer and user of hydrogen,
with over 50% of global production and consumption of hydrogen, the world’s largest green hydrogen
production facility, and the world’s largest installed capacity of renewable electricity generation, China
is a promising market for hydrogen aviation.
Willi Tacke
e Flight Journal
3

Content / Imprint
Electric Aviation, eVTOLS, Multicopter, Rotor wings, Fixed Wing, Hybrid Technology, Rule making news, Test Reports * Electric Aviation, eVTOLS, Multicopter, Rotorwings, Hybrid Technology, Rule
Quarterly Vol. 2-2024
H2
Feature
www.e-flight-journal.com
Joby’s record flight & more :
Fuel cell powered eVTOL
- will hydrogen solve the battery needs?
Cover:
Joby’s record flight
3 • Editorial:
H like Haven
6 • eNews around the world
12 • 13 th e-Flight-Expo @ AERO Germany
Full House &
e-Flight-Expo Award
Categories
Imprint 4
eNews 6
14 • Hydrogen feature
Joby’s record flight
Hydrogen - The future of eAviation ?
24 • Hyfly fuel cell propulsion for small
GA- aircraft
28 • Skydrive Japans eVTOL
We the e Flight Journal (e FJ) founders
are a team of aviation journalists and
enthusiasts who created Flying-Pages.
Publishing several aviation publications
around the world. It started with the
interest in electric flying in 2009.
We co-founded the e-flight-Expo in
Friedrichshafen/Germany as part of the
AERO, and established it as the largest
show for electric aviation worldwide.
getting ready for the
Osaka World EXPO
32 • Certification
They are getting closer
36 • World Directory 2024-25
the new edition is out
e Flight Journal
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4 e Flight Journal

IDEA AAM
Conference
2024
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rises Built in Cities?
Explore
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Scarcity of Land Resources
Building the Smart and Integrated Infrastructure
for Low-Altitude Economy in the Shenzhen Greater Bay Area
Join us to discuss the opportunities of the
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Policies
Key
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Where: Shenzen China
When: November 23 & 24 2024
Who: IDEA Institute
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e News
ZeroAvia received investment and orders from American Airlines
American Airlines announced on July 2 that it has entered into
a conditional purchase agreement with clean aviation innovator
ZeroAvia for 100 hydrogen-electric engines intended to power
regional jet aircraft with zero inflight emissions save for water
vapor. In addition, American has increased its investment in
ZeroAvia. American made its first investment in ZeroAvia in 2022
and has also now participated in the company’s Series C financing
round. The engine agreement follows the Memorandum of
Understanding the companies announced in 2022. ZeroAvia is
developing hydrogen-electric (fuel cell powered) engines for
commercial aircraft, which offer the potential for close to zero inflight
emissions. The company is flight testing a prototype for a
20-seat plane and designing an engine for larger aircraft such as
the Bombardier CRJ700, which American operates on certain regional
routes.
German eVTOL startup ERC unveiled design m
German eVTOL start-up ERC-System unveiled a design called
Charlie which is specifically designed for emergency medical
use. The Charlie model will have a payload of 450 kilograms,
which ERC said will be sufficient to carry a pilot, a doctor, and
a patient, as well as medical equipment. The aircraft has lift and
cruise configuration with fixed wing and a boom tail and will have
a range of 190 kilometers and fly at up to 180 kilometers per hour.
The program is being supported by DRF Luftrettung, which is one
of the largest air rescue services in Europe, through its eResCopter
project. The Unterallgäu-Memmingen regional health service
in Bavaria is also cooperating with ERC to evaluate operational
plans, as well as the University Hospital Rechts der Iser. ERC was
founded in 2019 and has received seed funding from automotive
and aerospace consulting group IABG.
6 e Flight Journal

e News
Universal Hydrogen went bankrupt
The American hydrogen aviation startup Universal
Hydrogen announced on 7 July that the company went
bankrupt due to running out of cash and the failure to
raise new funds. In a public statement the company CEO
said that while the company has been pursuing new capital
for some time and evaluating various strategic options,
they have been unsuccessful in closing any new
investment. According to the Seattle Times, the company
CEO wrote to shareholders on 27 June to explain the
situation. The paper reported that it had seen documents
relating to efforts to secure a $20 million investment
from Saudi Arabian investors and another possible deal
to merge with Florida-based Silver Airways. Universal
Hydrogen was working to secure supplemental type certificates
to convert the 70-seat Dash 8 and ATR 72 turboprop
twins to be able to operate sectors of 500 nm
with reserves for flight diversions. In March 2023 Universal
Hydrogen successfully flown its hydrogen-powered De
Havilland Dash 8-300 turboprop testbed for the first time.
Eve Air Mobility raised $94 million new funding
Eve Air Mobility, the NASDAQ-listed subsidiary of
Embraer, this week raised a further $94 million in funding
to support its plans to bring a four-passenger eVTOL
aircraft to market in 2026. The public company, in which
Brazilian airframer Embraer is the majority shareholder,
announced on July 1 that multiple undisclosed investors
have supported a new equity financing round that is expected
to close in the next few weeks. Meanwhile, working
closely with Embraer, Eve is now assembling its first
full-scale prototype of the eVTOL vehicle in a new facility
at Taubaté in Brazil’s São Paulo state.
e Flight Journal
7

e News
Joby Acquired Autonomous flight startup Xwing
On 4 June 2024 Joby announced the acquisition of
the autonomy division of Xwing, an American startup
in the development of autonomous technology for aviation.
Founded in 2016, Xwing has been flying autonomous
aircraft since 2020, using the Superpilot software
it has developed in-house. Superpilot enables safe, uncrewed
operations, supervised from the ground, and is
the world’s first fully autonomous gate-to-gate flight technology.
With 250 fully autonomous flights and more than
500 auto-landings completed to date, Xwing became the
first company to receive an official project designation
for the certification of a large unmanned aerial system
(UAS) from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in
April 2023 and the first to receive an Air Force Military
Flight Release in 2024. The acquisition brings Joby to
the forefront of aviation autonomy and complements the
Company’s 2021 acquisition of Inras GmbH, a company
developing lightweight, high-performance radar sensor
technology.
EU released comprehensive regulation about eVTOL
On May 23, the European Commission approved the general
policy regulations for eVTOL (EU 2024/1111), which
will be implemented by EASA and will take effect on May
1, 2025. This regulation only applies to manned eVTOLs,
and interprets, supplements and revises all existing regulations
related to airworthiness, operation, pilot licenses,
etc. of such eVTOLs. It is the most comprehensive regulation
of the EU on eVTOLs so far and can be regarded as
the EU’s basic rule for eVTOL. eVTOL is clearly defined in
this regulation as vertical takeoff and landing capable aircraft
(VCA) in the documents of the EU and EASA. This
rule classifies eVTOL into the category of rotorcraft, which
is divided into helicopters and vertical take-off and landing
(VTOL)-capable aircraft. This rule also defines the operating
scenarios using VCA, which is called Innovative
Air Mobility, or IAM. For this purpose, a definition clause of
IAM is added to the relevant regulations. IAM is defined as
any operation with vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)-
capable aircraft in congested and non-congested areas.
18th Electric
Aircraft
Symposium
CAFE EAS
Oshkosh
The 18th CAFE Electric Aircraft Symposium will be
hold 20 - 21, July in Oshkosh, WI the weekend before
Airventure. This event is a “Must” for all who are interested
in electric flying. Like in the last years CAFE joint
forces for the event with the Vertical Flight Society (VFS).
Leading eVTOL companies from around the world will
be present as well as companies and institutions which
work on conventional electric Aircraft. Who cannot make
it to Wisconsin in time can still join virtually, the session is
transmitted live in the internet. See the schedule https://
vtol.org/files/dmfile/eas-program-2024-07-15.pdf
8 e Flight Journal

e News
Volocopter permitted to do demo flight during Paris Olympics
Volocopter and its eVTOL, VoloCity, has been given permission
by the French Government to fly over Paris during the Olympic
Games. Flights will be limited to two per hour, between 8:00 am
and 5:00 pm, and no more than 900 are allowed over the whole
trial period between the start
of the Games on July 26th
and its close on August 11th.
The landing site will float on
the Seine near the Austerlitz
railway station in southeastern
Paris. While four vertiports
have already been earmarked
around its suburbs, including
one at Charles de Gaulle airport,
the Austerlitz site is the
first within the city itself.
Aerofugia’s tilt-propellor eVTOL completed transition flight
On 23 June 2024 Aerofugia, the aviation subsidiary of
Geely Group, announced that their AE200 partial tilt-propellor
eVTOL technology demonstrator has successfully
completed all subjects of a series of flight tests including
full-size, full-weight, full-flight envelope tilt transition, becoming
the first eVTOL company in China and one of the
few in the world to complete such flight test. This marks
the successful completion of the second phase of the test
flight of AE200 and also achieved the various key technical
indicators of the aircraft, especially the verification of
the core system functions and various safety systems has
achieved phased results.
e Flight Journal
9

e News
Lilium raised funds of $114 million
On 29 May 2024 the German eVTOL startup Lilium announced
that it has successfully concluded its previously
announced capital raise, resulting in $114 million of
new gross proceeds. The net proceeds from this capital
raised provide additional capital needed to support
Lilium’s operations to achieve the first manned flight
test of the Lilium Jet, targeted to occur in late 2024. The
$114 million in gross proceeds is being raised through
an underwritten public offering of Lilium’s Class A ordinary
shares for approximately $40 million, a concurrent
private placement of Class A Shares and accompanying
warrants to purchase Class A Shares for approximately
$50 million with participation from key strategic and existing
Lilium investors, and a concurrent private placement
of a pre-funded warrant to purchase Class A Shares and
an accompanying PIPE Warrant.
FAA issued final airworthiness criteria to Archer’s eVTOL
On 23 May 2024 FAA issued for public inspection the final
airworthiness criteria for Archer’s Midnight aircraft. This
significant regulatory milestone provides the solidified
path for Archer to achieve Type Certification for Midnight.
The finalization of Archer’s airworthiness criteria unlocks
the ability for Archer to work with the FAA to obtain the remaining
final approvals on its certification and test plans.
This is a critical step as Archer continues to ramp up its
‘for credit’ testing with the FAA and prepares to begin
its piloted flight testing later this year. Archer’s goal is
to transform urban travel, replacing 60–90-minute commutes
by car with estimated 10–20-minute flights that are
safe, sustainable, low noise, and cost-competitive with
ground transportation. Archer’s Midnight is a piloted,
four-passenger aircraft designed to perform rapid backto-back
flights with minimal charge time between flights.
10 e Flight Journal

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E xpo / Fair
13th e-Flight-Expo / Germany
e-airshow, e-planes, e-drives,
and the e-flight award...
Airshow for the
anniversary:
e-planes with
fine weather
The e-flight Expo at AERO is
growing. The electric Segment
was very present at the air show:
four machines.
A new trend is ultra-light „electric“
aircraft in the 120 kg class.
Good aerodynamics, low weight
- less battery needed -, results in
more flight time.
The blesses of heaven for the e-planes? The airshow
started with the stunts of father and son Niebergall with
their SAI Marchetti. It was raining and there were even a
few snowflakes. But when the Pipistel Velis opened the
electric flight section, it stopped raining. The bright sun
shone over e-planes and spectators when they saw the
Chinese electric RX trainer. In addition to these two e-
planes, the Elektra trainer and the Voltaero Cassio were in
the air over Lake Constance.
Indeed interesting for ultralight pilots were certainly some
new developments in the 120 kg class with electric motors.
For example the Dragonfly, the Corsair or the Blanik
12
e Flight Journal

E xpo / Fair
Urfin Juice, a lightweight motor glider with a rotating propeller
on the tail spar. This year‘s winner of the prestigious
e-flight Expo Award also fits into this area of new ultralight
electric aircraft: Pivotal (formerly Opener).
Last year, Pivotal started selling its eVTOL Helix as a single-seater
ultralight in the American FAA class Part 103.
After a first visit in 2023, they were represented for the first
time this year with a small stand in the e-flight hall A7. „We
have seen a lot of interest here,“ says Greg Kerr, „and are
now evaluating how our Helix could fit into the German UL
landscape. We are talking to associations and authorities
about this. And if we find a way, we will be there with the
aircraft at the next AERO and would also like to fly it here.”
The Load & Fly rescue
drone from the German
manufacturer Avilus was
presented at the e-flight
Expo Forum
What is interesting about the engines is that the French
company Safran, which normally builds engines for
Boeing and Airbus aircraft, was in Friedrichshafen for
the first time with a stand from its electric flight department.
And the French are really “stepping on the gas”
with eVTOLs and commuters, but also with the motorization
of small aircraft. For example, the engine for the eDA
40 comes from Diamond in France and Safran is also being
considered for Flight Designs F2e, to name just two
examples.
The Czech competitor MGM-Compro is expanding its engine
range further. They showed an electric motor that is
intended to replace the PT6 turbine that is frequently built
in commuter aircraft around the world. The shape of the
400 KW motor is designed so that it can replace the turbine
without having to change the cowling. Company boss
Martin Dvorsky wants to use the motor both in a hybrid
configuration and fully electric with batteries -
depending on the intended use.
Pipistrel Velis
NIX
MGM Compros new
400 kW engine!
Booth party of Flying Pages and its partners
Rx4e from China with a hydrogen hybrid drive
BRM - H55 shall soon be approved
e Flight Journal
13

E xpo / Fair
e-aircraft 120 kilo ultralights: Several manufacturers showed
their designs. In addition to the AIR mid-wing aircraft (right), the
Corsair with an e-motor was also on show at the AERO (above,
left). As well as the eSwan, we saw the Dragonfly 120 from Avia
Aircraft in Romania, with a wingspan of seven metres (23ft)... .
should be able to reach speeds of up to 180 km/h (above, right).
Blanik, the glider manufacturer from Poland known for its aerobatic
gliders, has also developed an electric light glider (below, left). The
60 volt motors from Geiger (above, middle) power a wide variety of
ultralight aircraft: from the small trike to the UL glider Wing from
AIR to the two-seater Elektra Trainer.
Now the French company Safran has also made its presence with
its electric aircraft division. Various engines from 100 kW and
more are offered and several aircraft manufacturers are already
using them. Among them is Jean Botti with his hybrid aircraft
VoltAero Cassio. The propellers for most of the aircraft with
Safran engines also come from France: from Duc Helices in Lyon.
The Italian company ASO introduced the new small (13.5 meter class)
electric glider Dream. The designer is Walter Mauri, who created
the Silent Glider almost two decades ago. The company‘s head is the
German Albert Schulze-Oechtering, who initially imported trikes from
Italy in the 1980s and later joined Matthias Betsch‘s company Flight
Design.
14
e Flight Journal

E xpo / Fair
Besides the presentations in
the e-flight Expo series, there
was also an “AERO Hydrogen &
Battery Summit” this Year. Tine
Tomazic, CTO at Pipistrel Aircraft
(now part of Textron) gave an
insight into what hydrogen commuter
aircraft will look like.
Small picture puzzle: How do
the propellers on this C42
rotate? Correct: They both
rotate to the left (for the
viewer).
The picture below shows
Helix‘s new Talon propeller,
with the tip bent in the direction
of propeller rotation and
toward the pilot.
Victor Chen from the Idea
Institute in Shenzhen gave
information on how to plan the
future of low-cost air traffic in
the Greater Bay Area with Hong
Kong, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and
Guandong.
Willi Tacke (eflight journal) and
trade fair director Tobias Bretzel
present this year‘s e-flight Expo
Award to Pivotal for their efforts
in bringing an eVTOL into the UL
class.
e Flight Journal
15

e Feature Personality
Dramatic summer
for
H2
Feature
hydrogen aviation
Joby’s surprising record flight in July 2024 used a fuel cell stack designed by H2fly and ran on liquid hydrogen.
First the insolvency of Paul Eremenko’s Universal
Hydrogen, an than record flight of Jobys tilt
Rotor eVTOL with 523 miles (840 Kilometers).
So the discussion is on again is fuel cell powered
aircraft a dead End or the future of electric
aviation.
Hydrogen aviation underwent a dramatic roller coaster
ride this summer. In about two weeks the industry might
experience more up-and-downs than in the past few years
combined. In late June the American hydrogen aviation
startup Universal Hydrogen announced that it is closing
down after running out of funds and failed to close the latest
financing deal and to try to sell the company.
Founded by former Airbus CTO Paul Eremenko, Universal
Hydrogen was one of the most prominent firms working on
the development of hydrogen propulsion for aircraft and
raised about US$100 million in venture capital funding.
Universal Hydrogen was working on a system to retrofit
existing turboprop fleets with hydrogen fuel cells. In March
2023, Universal Hydrogen completed its first test flight
which is the largest hydrogen-powered aircraft to date, by
using a modified De Havilland Canada Dash 8-300 with
H2fly’s Josel Kallo with Joby’s Chris van Pelt.
Achievable range for regional flights using hydrogen.
16 e Flight Journal

Green aviation also on long-distance trips: only water vapor comes out of the exhaust.
one retrofired hydrogen fuel cell powered electric motor.
Universal Hydrogen has also opened a research center in
Toulouse, France, where it cooperated with ATR to retrofit
a larger ATR-72 turboprop with its fuel cell system. This facility
in France will also be closed.
Just when the industry was mourning for Universal
Hydrogen, ZeroAvia, another leading hydrogen aviation
startup, announced just a week afterwards that it and
American Airlines entered into a conditional purchase
agreement for 100 hydrogen-electric engines intended
to power regional jet aircraft. In addition, American has
increased its investment in ZeroAvia. American made its
first investment in ZeroAvia in 2022 and has also now
participated in the company’s Series C financing round.
ZeroAvia is developing hydrogen-electric (fuel cell-powered)
engines for commercial aircraft, which offer the potential
for close to zero inflight emissions.
ZeroAvia is flight testing a prototype for a 20-seat plane
and designing an engine for larger aircraft such as the
Bombardier CRJ700, which American operates on certain
regional routes. ZeroAvia has submitted its first powertrain
for up to 20 seat planes for certification with a target of
the end of 2025 and is working on a larger powertrain for
Joby’s tilt rotor eVTOL record flight, entirely remote piloted.
e Flight Journal 17

Feature
Joby’s battery eVTOL is undergoing FAA certification; for the record, a fuel cell and liquid hydrogen tank were added.
40–80 seat aircraft by 2027. Founded in California and
now with thriving teams in Everett, WA and the United
Kingdom, ZeroAvia has secured experimental certificates
to test its engines in three separate testbed aircraft with
the FAA and CAA and passed significant flight test milestones.
The company has signed a number of key engineering
partnerships with major aircraft OEMs and has
nearly 2,000 pre-orders for engines from a number of the
major global airlines.
ZeroAvia’s timely news is an urgently needed boost to the
industry and clearly shows that hydrogen aviation is not
dead yet. In fact Universal Hydrogen’s exit would allow resources
to be more concentrated on the remaining players,
as evidenced by ZeroAvia’s financing this time, which
will likely increases the possibility of the success of the
leading companies. The long and hard way of hydrogen
aviation will certainly witness more consolidation in the
future, but too few players in the field may not be a good
thing for the remaining players and the industry because
after all, a single flower does not make spring, especially
in the more difficult hydrogen aviation domain.
The tilt-rotor enables the Joby record plane to take
off vertically.
Tine Tomazic (Pipistrel) explains how the Slovenian
company envisions regional fuel-cell commuters.
18 e Flight Journal

e show
NexAERO from Berlin has been working for three years on a regional eVTOL driven by a fuel cell with gaseous hydrogen.
Jobys Coup
Up to now most of the hydrogen fuel cell development
in aviation has happened in the GA or commuter world
of fixed wing aircraft only few manufacturers were looking
for eVTOLs powered by fuel cells like the German Nex
Aero.
Joby on the other hand is convinced that battery-powered
eVTOLs are the best solution for short inner-city routes
with air taxis, but when they realized that there will be a
demand for medium distances and if you want to fly this
distances over 1 miles fully electric Joby’s solution is hydrogen.
But the world was surprised ho fast Joby could
execute this strategy change to a smart by founder and
CEO Joben Bevirt move when he silently took over the
German company H2fly. The company was founded by
Prof Josef Kallo one of the most respected researches
in flight with Fuel cells. In 2009 working as Professor of
Ulm university and the German research center DLR he
realized with his Team the first flight of a fuel cell powered
e-Motorglider Antares from Lange aviation. In 2015
he founded H2fly and in 2016 they flew the first hydrogen
powered 4 seater aircraft the Hy4. For this aircraft they
NexAEROs first product will be a fuel-cell driven cargo
drone, based on their regional air taxi
The German company Hyfly produces a fuel cell e-
drive unit designed to retrofit small aircraft.
e Flight Journal 19

feature
bought and modified the Taugrus G4 with which Pipistrel
did win the NASA green flight challenge. In autumn 2023
they realized the first flight with the same aircraft with liquid
Hydrogen and ideal combination for the Joby record
flight beginning of July.
Nex.AERO
The small German startup started in 2020 from the beginning
with the goal design build and certify a fuel cell dirven
lift and cruise eVTOL for medium range – (up to 500
km) use. Up to now they were flying scaled prototypes.
With batteries and fuel cells. As a strategy change they
announced last year that the first product will be a scaled
version of the Airtaxi as a cargo drone. “As certification is
much faster to be realized in the unmanned world due to
lower certification standards based on the lower risk.
“The Fuel cell cargo drone will be our frist product as
around the world there are use cases for such a vehicle
allowing a carbon free transport of goods”, states
Mohamed Attia CEO of NEX. On the question if they feel
challenged that Joby now also entered their “territory” he
answers, “ Now I think it’s the opposite, with their record
flight Joby validated our use case that for medium range
eVTOL flights ,manned or unmanned a fuel cell solution is
the best and its feasible.
Apus, from Berlin, is a hydrogen pioneer. Their first
aircraft, a twin-engine aircraft, is aimed at the travel
and training market. The company seeks Part 23 certification,
with two electric motors and a fuel cell. The
peculiarity lies in the fact that the gaseous hydrogen
is stored in the tubular wing spars.
Textron eAviation Pipistrel
When Ivo Boscarol lead the Slovenian manufacturer they
were active in all field, airtaxi, e Commuter, large drones
and Hydrogen propulsion. The airtyxiprogramm is on
hold but this spring Pipistrel CTO Tine Tomazic confirmed
at a Hydrogen summit at Aero: “ we are continuing the
path to a small Commuter e-aircraft and in our planning
this is run by a fuel cell.
Lange Research produced this hydrogen-driven drone
based on a Lange electric motor glider.
Summary
The big question is, is hydrogen the gamechanger for
electric aviation or a dead end -
And if, when and where it will happen. The answer has
many steps and conditions:
In a way this will also depend on the competition, how will
the Battery capacity develop, will there be new chemistry
which has less influence to the environment as lithium
chemistries. If the battery progress stays as slow as in the
past years its is very likely that hydrogen becomes an important
factor also in aviation.
Alaka’i technology plans this 5r named “Skai”, which
burns liquid hydrogen.
20 e Flight Journal

02/2024
Flügel Das Magazin
37

feature
Flying in circles! The joby record flight was executed close to their base, allowing the remote pilot to keep the aircraft in
sight. small image).
How fast will the development of the fuel cells for aviation
be and how scalable they will be. Those companies like the
German NEX aviation realized that bleed heat is a big problem
which has to be solved. “We found out that for an efficient
Hydrogen eVTOL aircraft the aircraft should be designed
around the fuel cell stack the cooling system has
to be optimized for aerodynamics and cooling at the same
time” says Johannes Garbino-Anton CTO of NEX.
For large airliners with more than 70 – 100 seats it will be
much more likely that burning hydrogen in turbines will
be the solutions as fuel cells in this scale which would be
needed are far from being developed and certified. Also the
bleed heat is a problem which gets bigger as bigger as the
power needed will get.
Another thing for the large aircraft is development, certification
and production. If you check how large the global fleet
of airliners is (over 40 000 aircraft), and that the renewal
rate is less than 2000 a year, than it would take more than
20 years to change even if a solution would be ready – certified
and in production . So for the short and medium term
solution to get carbon neutral the solution can be hydrogen
based eSAF where the hydrogen is bases on renewable
energy production. As eSAF can be burned in most of
the turbines without large modifications. Problem is the production of
eSAF is expensive and there are very few facilities up to now.
Burning Hydrogen directly in the turbines is possible – but – storage
handling and the whole system has to be certified and can probably not
be integrated in the existing fleet so it will take for decades to change.
Coming to the medium sized commuter planes on which Zero Avia,
Another approach to hydrogen-powered aircraft: Elixir, the Part 23
newcomer, wants to burn hydrogen directly in a Turbotech turbine.
22 e Flight Journal

THE LEADING SHOW
FOR GENERAL AVIATION
April 9 – 12, 2025
Friedrichshafen | Germany
#weareGA
#aerofriedrichshafen
EDNY: N 47 40.3 E 009 30.7
www.aero-expo.com

e feature show
The Hy4 of H2fly broke several records and was the first four-seat fuel-cell aircraft to fly with liquid hydrogen.
Deutsche Aircraft, and several others are working on. One
of the players is also H2fly “We are working with several
other players on the 328 H2-FC project the Goal is to develop
integrate a propulsion system up until the megawatt
class which should be able to drive passenger aircraft
from 20 to 80 seats. The system shall be integrated into a
Dornier 328 and be able to fly up to an altitude of 27 000
feet” explains Josef Kallo CEO of H2fly,” our partners in
the project, funded by the German Ministry for Economic
Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) are, Deutsche Aircraft
– the manufacturer of the 328 who will do the integration
of the power system, GE as manufacturer of the Motor
and the power electronics, Diehl who will supply the control-
and safety regulation and the German research institute
DLR with its test center. We as H2fly will supply the
fuel cell stack called H175 in three steps the performance
of the system is 175 kW 350 kW and finally 2000 kW.” The
expected duration of the program is 3-4 years.
Finally the whole development of eAviation based on hydrogen
makes environmentally only sense if the hydrogen
is green hydrogen produced from renewable energy
sources. As many middle east countries like Saudi Arabia
and the emirates, the EU, China and the united states
have committed to a green hydrogen economy can be
developed. Also depending if the governments stay on
The Kawasaki motor in the VoltAERO Cassio 330 will
also burn hydrogen to produce energy.
H2fly’s hydrogen research hangar at the Stuttgart airport
in Germany.
24
e Flight Journal

e show
Zeroavia converted this Dornier 228 commuter with a fuel-cell and electric motor, projects for larger aircraft are on the way.
this course as there are quite a lot of specially right wing
parties around the world which are denying that a climate
change exists – and in their logic no climate change – no
necessity for hydrogen technology - so we will burn oil
until the earth is boiling.
H2
Feature
Bluspririt from France: 10 e-motors, each with its own
fuel-cell powers this Part 23 training aircraft.
Zeroavia’s hydrogen propulsion drive will be available
with different power outputs.
The combustion engine installed on the Rx4e (Liaoning
Aviation, China) burns hydrogen.
e Flight Journal
25

e Market Congress Watch
Hyfly fuel cell for
small aircraft
Kasaeros CEO Karl Kaeser presented
the HyFly H167 hydrogen
fuel cell power train at the
e flight expo. This power train is
designed to match the performances
of a Rotax 912, a very
common engine in light aviation.
It is a full solution from the
fuel filler to the shaft, because
the handling of hydrogen implements
in Kaesers opinion the
need of such a complete but
modular solution.
TThe fuel capacity is 7 kg, 1 Kg of Hydrogen has an energy
content of 33kWh/kg, nearly three times as that of Avgas.
There shall be enough energy for 3-4 Hour of horizontal
flight. At the moment a comparable Rotax installation with
Fuel for the same Endurance would weight 160kg compared
to H167 169kg
The system consists of 5 components, the very light spherical
hydrogen pressure tank, the Fuel cell, the controller,
the battery and the e-motor. Graduate engineer Kaeser
saw 9 advantages for his system especially in LSA and
General Aviation but also in other parts of Aviation:
Easy handling, range and endurance, zero Co2 emissions,
lightweight, reliability, silence, power, affordable in
acquisition and reasonable operation price.
To show the use of the motor system Kasaero presented
the DS 2c/hy Demonstrator . This plane and its drive were
developed in a cooperation of Kasaero, PsHyTech – a
Bavarian Hydrogen specialist, Flying Ad and the technical
University of Würzburg Schweinfurt. The Demonstrator is
an “Amphibian”. It is a flying boat, which also can start
from land.
26 e Flight Journal

Market Watch
Fuel cell, hydrogen tank and battery are implemented in
the fuselage. This is very beneficial for the weight distribution
and the desired center of gravity. Therefore, the aircraft
will achieve a higher efficiency than it would be possible
with a conventional engine, especially - with a weight
change of only 7 kg (compared to 40-50 kg for a conventional
aircraft) - trim during flight can be reduced.
It is just a demonstrator for the prototype installation of the
HyFly H167 Drive and is not intended to become a market
plane. Kasaero wanted to show that they can make such
an aircraft.
But their aim is to provide other companies with technical
support when installing the hydrogen solution, in terms
of performance calculation and installation, because they
have many years of experience in aircraft construction and
in the use of hydrogen propulsion systems. Together with
Flying Ad, they will also be available to help with any necessary
certifications.
Hyfly is a German company which is developing a retrofit
fuel cell propulsion system which should fit in ultralight
(up to 650 Kg), LSA, motorglider and light Part 23
aircraft.
At the e-flight-expo 2023 Hifly did win the AERO SA award.
e Flight Journal
27

e Market Congress Watch
An illustrated
use case
of SD-05.
The company
aims to
demonstrate
the flight at
Expo 2025
Osaka.
Japanese Skydrive hopes
to take off in 2025
Founded in 2018 in Japan Skydrive
is no doubt the representative
eVTOL startup from Japan.
The company have attracted the
investment and/or collaboration
from almost all the major Japanese
corporate such as Toyota,
Suzuki, NEC, ANA, to name a
few.
For the SD-05, specialists from SkyDrive and its partners have worked together in collaboration with JAMCO
Corporation, an aircraft interior maker; Toray Carbon Magic Co., Ltd., a provider of advanced Carbon Fiber
Reinforcement Plastics (CFRP); and Electric Power Systems Inc., a leading developer of battery systems that include
high-power powertrains for electrified aircraft that are eligible for type certification.
28 e Flight Journal

Market Watch
Perspective Drawing of the 2025 Osaka Expo Venue
IIn September 2022 Skydrive unveiled the design of its
commercial model flying car — the SkyDrive SD-05.
SkyDrive is planning to use the SD-05, currently in development,
to launch air taxi service in the Osaka Bay area
during the world exposition scheduled for 2025 in Osaka,
Japan. The SD-05 is a three seat (two passenger and one
pilot) eVTOL with an estimated maximum cruise speed of
100 km/h and a range up to 40 km. The aircraft has 12 propellers
and 12 electric motors on an overhead boom assembly.
The aircraft has a back-to-back modified V boom
configuration with the rear V boom having a slight wing
type structure. At each end of the booms is a cross boom
and each propeller is at the ends of each cross boom. The
booms are located at the top of the fuselage.
In February 2023 SkyDrive announced that it has been
selected to participate in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)
“Smart Mobility Expo” project, one of the “Future Society
Showcase Project Exhibitions” at Expo 2025 Osaka,
Kansai, Japan. In order to accelerate the movement towards
the social implementation of AAM in the Osaka area,
SkyDrive has been a member of the Roundtable established
by the Osaka Prefectural Government in November
2020 since its inception. SkyDrive has been working with
various stakeholders and involved in activities to promote
understanding and social acceptance among local residents.
In 2021, the company signed a partnership agreement2
with Osaka Prefecture and Osaka City to further
increase the recognition of this project. When the Japan
Association for the 2025 World Exposition announced
the call for applications for the operators of AAM in the
“Smart Mobility Expo” in December 2022, SkyDrive applied
and was selected3 in February 2023. Details including
routes, frequency of flights, number of aircraft in operation,
and flight fare will be discussed and decided with
the Association and related parties.
SkyDrive is in the process of acquiring a type certificate
for the SD-05 from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT), as the first of its kind in
Japan. In June 2024 SkyDrive announced that the company
has submitted type certificate application of SD-05
to the Federal Aviation Administration through the Japan’s
e Flight Journal
29

e Market Congress Watch
Potential route of SD-05 flying at 2025 Osaka Expo
Civil Aviation Bureau. The application was accepted on
April 29, 2024, marking the beginning of its certification
journey in the U.S. market. To prepare for its entry into
the U.S. market and commercial operations, SkyDrive
established a subsidiary in the US in 2023. SkyDrive’s
goal is to obtain FAA type certification, building upon
the anticipated JCAB type certification in 2026 or later. In
March 2024 SkyDrive announced the start of production
of the first SD-05 at Suzuki Motor Corporation’s manufacturing
plant in Iwata-city, Shizuoka, Japan. SkyDrive has
received pre-orders or built partnership with partners in
the US, Vietnam, India, Thailand.
The SD-05 has a simple configuration
without any tilting parts.
30 e Flight Journal

The Event to bring your Products and Ideas to China
& Electrify China’s Sky and your Business.
The sixth Forum on
Electric Aviation in China:
eVTOL-, Autonomous Flight, LSA-,
Hybrid-, Engine-,
Battery-, Manufacturers,
Where: TBD
When: November 2024
Who: Flying-Pages GmbH
& the who is who
Regulators, Investors
from around the World.
2024

e Certification
Congress
The road towards global standard of eVTOL certification.
They are getting closer
As first eVTOLs receiving their
certification, authorities around
the world like FAA, EASA and
CAAC feeling the demand from
the industry for harmonization
and validation and slowly the
different approaches are getting
closer together.
32 e Flight Journal

Certification
Ehang received the first certification in China (left), Joby is on the pass for its FAA certification (top), and
Volocopter is in the lead for the EASA sC-VTOL (bottom left).
IIt is a very clear and simple economic fact for eVTOL that if
it wants to evolve into a considerable industry, it needs to
form a global market just like any industrial product. The
situation has been dim in the past few years when EASA
released SC-VTOL regulation which requires a very high
safety standard while FAA categorized eVTOL into powered-lift
category. The industry was worried for a segregated
global market for eVTOL due to significantly different
certification rules.
However there was an encouraging news recently when
FAA and EASA, the two leading regulators in the world
which most other countries follow suit in rulemaking,
made coordinated efforts to try to harmonize the certification
rulemaking on each side.
For FAA, on 10 June 2024 FAA issued a “significant milestone”
statement on their certification standards for eV-
TOL. According to FAA, this also marks important progress
in its effort to more closely align rulemaking and
policy initiatives between the United States and the
European Union. In the draft Advisory Circular “AC 21.17-4
Type Certification—Powered-lift” FAA provides guidance
for the type, production, and airworthiness certification of
powered-lift. This AC also designates the criteria in appendix
A as an acceptable means, but not the only means, of
showing compliance with title 14 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (14 CFR) 21.17(b) for FAA type certification of
certain powered-lift.
FAA defines Powered-lift as a heavier-than-air aircraft capable
of vertical takeoff, vertical landing, and low speed
flight that depends principally on engine-driven lift devices
or engine thrust for lift during these flight regimes
and on nonrotating airfoil(s) for lift during horizontal flight.
Powered-lift have characteristics of both an airplane and
a rotorcraft.
Recent applications to FAA for the type certification of
powered-lift have proposed passenger seating configurations
of six or less, weighing 12,500 pounds or less, and
utilizing battery-powered electric engines for propulsion.
For each of these projects, the FAA has published the proposed
airworthiness criteria, along with an explanation of
e Flight Journal
33

e Certification
Congress
The chinese Autoflight received a CAAC certification for Cargo and is now going for the manned version
its equivalency determination, in the Federal Register for
public notice and comment. 3.4 The FAA used its experience
with those recent powered-lift applications to develop
the criteria in appendix A. This AC establishes a more
efficient path in designating the type certification basis
for certain powered-lift projects, as the FAA will not need
to announce the criteria for each project in the Federal
Register for notice and comment for those designs that
use the criteria in this AC with no additions or changes.
For Europe in April 2024 the European Union Commission
implemented REGULATION (EU) 2024/1111 as regards
the establishment of requirements for the operation of
manned aircraft with vertical take-off and landing capability.
In EU’s view operations with innovative aircraft designs
present unique safety challenges due to their vertical
take-off and landing capability and their ability to
operate in congested urban environments. A dedicated,
comprehensive regulatory framework should ensure that
such operations are conducted safely and that the risk
posed to passengers, crew, and the public is minimized.
As manned aircraft with a vertical take-off and landing
capability is a new emerging technology, and there is a
need to establish clear procedures for certification and
approval of their operations to ensure they meet safety
and performance standards. A dedicated, comprehensive
regulatory framework should provide a clear and
transparent process as regards certification and approval
aspects of operations with such aircraft, giving operators
the necessary certainty and facilitating the development
and commercialisation of these aircraft. For the future integration
of manned aircraft with a vertical take-off and
landing capability into the transportation systems of the
Member States, it is appropriate to apply the same regulatory
framework available today for operations with aeroplanes
and helicopters, with the necessary amendments
considering the new air mobility concepts of operations
with manned aircraft with a vertical take-off and landing
capability, performance and operating limitations, and
specific risks. Therefore, relevant EU regulations need to
be amended accordingly.
EASA defines eVTOL as “vertical take-off and landing
(VTOL)-capable aircraft (VCA)” which means a power-driven,
heavier-than-air aircraft, other than aeroplane
or rotorcraft, capable of performing vertical take-off and
landing by means of lift and thrust units used to provide
lift during take-off and landing while defining “rotorcraft”
as a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends
principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by
up to two rotors.
34 e Flight Journal

Certification
âircraft like the israelian AirOne from AIREV want to fly as a leisure 2 seater in the new MOSAIC LSA class.
The two regulators’ rulemaking paths appear to be converging.
However it might still be too early to celebrate.
FAA states in the AC draft that in the event that the airworthiness
criteria prescribed in appendix A of this AC are inadequate
or otherwise inappropriate as a certification basis
of a specific powered-lift due to its unique design or
design features, other criteria may be developed so this
AC designates the criteria in appendix A as an acceptable
means, but not the only means, of showing compliance.
The AC also notes that the Administrator may add new requirements
are needed.
All in all, FAA’s proactive release of the AC shows that after
years of close consultation with the industry, the FAA and
EASA have begun to converge in the understanding and
implementation of eVTOL airworthiness certification. This
should make eVTOL manufacturers aiming at the global
market breathe a sigh of relief. After all, a country-specific
airworthiness application would be an extremely expensive,
time-consuming and labor-intensive process, which
would have a serious impact on the market size and economy
of eVTOL. Now that the FAA and EASA, the two most
accepted rulemakers in the world, are coordinating and
working together, it will naturally be conducive to the formation
of a global and large-scale eVTOL market.
As an indicator, Volocopter, the German leading eVTOL
company, recently obtained approval from the French
regulator to performance demo flights using their VoloCity
two-seat multicopter eVTOL in four designated routes including
on a vertiport set up on the Seine river during the
summer Olympics in Paris. These demo flights, when
drawing the attention from around the world, will hopefully
help the formation of a global market for eVTOL and further
urge the rulemakers to coordinate their certification
efforts to form a global and fair playground for the players.
eVTOLs in LSA and ultralight
The first eVTOL flying legally was the Volocopter flying in
the german ultralight class up to 600 Kilogramm. In the US
only in the part 103 up to 115 Kg eVTOL was possible.
in the LSA class up to now eVTOLs and electric aircraft
were not permitted. This will change with the new FAA
MOSAIC (Modernization of Special Airworthiness
Certificates) rules. Not on electric propulsion also eVTOL
aircraft with up to 2 seats may fly as leisur vertical take of
machine.
The Pivotal Helix is as
part 103 ultralight
already availabe in US.

Short description
QR code
Class of regulation *
MOSAIC is coming and
we will possibly see
many new four-seaters
that were developed
from existing two
seaters. Some aircraft
designers did plan
ahead and already built
airplanes to fit into the
MOSAIC category, like
the Vashion Ranger, the
Van`s RV 15 or the European
I.C.P. Ventura and
TAF from South Africa.
Many others will follow,
promised!
Marino Boric graduated with a university
degree as aeronautic engineer, acquired
degrees in business development/trade
and commerce and in Journalism.
Started flying gliders with 16, PPL, CPL/
IFR followed. Flew as civil and military
pilot and has built experimental aircraft.
As a professional science journalist, he
specialized in aviation and propulsion and
travels worldwide, flight-testing UL, LSA,
Experimental and certified aircraft. He is
also LAMA board director.
This is the most interesting category in our directory. It is constantly evolving, and we are approaching a new
era. Once, we called them Microlights or Ultralights as they all were “light & not certified,” and they had up to
two seats. Today the airplanes in this category cover the widest range of types of aircraft you can imagine. In
this field, we have low, slow, affordable aircraft but on the other -upper- end we find composite-made speed
rockets that easily fly over 200 mls/h or 300km/h (over 200 kt) and bust the 300,000 $/Euro barrier.
The constant evolution in this field led in 2006 to the introduction of the LSA category in the USA and later to
the 600kg UL class in Europe. Since then, hundreds of new versions, models, and types have successfully
entered the market. Those aircraft have displayed high-level safety records and paved the way to the imminent
publication of the so-called MOSAIC rules in the US.
This means a significant opening-up of LSA rules, and sport pilots will have greater choice of aircraft. MOSAIC could be a transformational change
for pilots. MOSAIC is a well-considered effort which could allow for less expensive and more technologically advanced aircraft that would fill training
and recreation roles. New devices will likely have way higher MTOW (up to 1500 lbs), will probably be faster than the LSA aircraft, and will be
able to carry up to 4 occupants. Let’s see what the final rules will look like, but it seems that a small revolution is just around the corner, at least for
the USA.
Nonetheless, this category was, and still is, the real fountain of youth for the whole aviation industry. Many aircraft listed as non type-certified are
creating new trends using new technologies and are going to further close the gap with the certified aircraft field. Furthermore, Electric propulsion
is showing progress and paves the way to a sustainable future. This segment is evolving, and MOSAIC might spark another revolution. Everything
you can imagine and dream of can soon be found here: two, three, and four-seaters, slow and low, high and fast, affordable and expensive
aircraft, plus a rising number of environmentally friendlier types with lowered carbon emission.
Marino Boric > Editor Flügel - Das Magazin > marino@flying-pages.com
FULL NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER
Address
E-mail Homepage
EW MTOW WA WS TC Eng HP St Vmax Vc Vs0 Vz FC Cert Assembled Kit Plan
« EW »
Empty weight
« Plan »
pounds
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« HP » « Vmax »
« Vs0 »
(1lb = 0.454kg)
« FC »
« Assembled » Plan price
Excluding local and
Wing area Tank capacity
Horsepower Maximum Stalling speed Fuel consumption Assembled price national taxes
square feet gallon (US)
(hp) speed
knots gallon per hour
Excluding local and
(1ft² = 0.0929ft²) (1gal (US)= 3.79 l)
(1knot = 1.852kmh
knots
(1gal /h (US)= 3.79 l/h
national taxes
(1knot = 1.852kmh
)
« MTOW »
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« St »
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Price kit
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weight Wing span
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Number of Cruise speed
Climb rate
Certification
national taxes
pounds meters
seats
knots
feet per minute
(1lb = 0.454kg) (1m = 3.28ft)
(1knot = 1.852kmh
(1ft/min = 0.005m/s)
ü
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ultralights, microlights, LSA, gyrocopter, ul-helicopters, certified aircraft,
kitplanes, trikes, instruments, engines, propellers and accessories.
* The World Directory of Light Aviation 2024/25 is available in four languages:
English, French and German & Chinese.
VTOL/MULTICOPTERS
MOTORS
INSTRUMENTS
PROPELLERS
RADIOS
AVIONICS
+ GPS...
Companies
TRIKES
marked with the ‘e’
logo are actively
involved in
developing electric
propulsion.
Certified Aircraft > Trikes > Gyroplanes > Helicopters > eVTOLs > Motorgliders... BUYER'S GUIDE
SPECIAL ISSUE OF
LSA, eVTOL
The Helix from Pivotal is
the world’s first eVTOL
which you can buy and
GYROPLANES
UL / LSA AIRCRAFT
fly. It flies under the FAA
eVTOL
2023-24 > Australia $16.90 • USA $17.99 • UK 10.50 GBP
Part 103 rule—in other
countries maybe as
Ultralight as well.
Xin Gou, Editor in Chief for Flying China,
US PPL, since 2004, has flown 300 hours
in various aircraft (including 50 hours
A Slimmer Industry With the First Type Certificate Awarded aerobatic) before leaving the US to return
to China in 2006.
The most obvious difference between this section this year and last is the considerably shrinking number of projects
and companies. Is the winter coming? It depends on the prospect of the viewer. If you look at the prospect
of the total number of projects and financing activities, the industry is certainly undergoing a dynamic process of
consolidation and restructuring, which may last a while, considering the situation of the global economy.
Meanwhile, there is big news in the eVTOL industry between these two issues of WDLA: the Chinese regulator
CAAC issued the world’s first type certificate in the normal category to EH216-S, a two-seat multicopter eVTOL of
EHang, last October—non-piloted—and the world’s first type certificate to the V2000CG, the cargo drone version
of the passenger-carrying model from Autoflight in March. Despite many fair doubts about the credibility of these
two certifications and the prospect of the commercial operation of multicopters, this move at least indicates the
willingness of a major regulator to bulldoze forward. It paves the way for more to come. At the same time, several
leading eVTOL companies have been making steady progress with FAA and EASA certification, such as Joby and
Archer with FAA and Volocopter with EASA. Therefore, you may conclude that the industry is reducing weight but
building more muscle and becoming more fit, which is a natural evolution of an new industry.
So, this section will likely remain this size for quite some time to come and may even have less projects, AVAILABLE but you ONLINE @ www. WDLA.flying-pages.com
will see more projects becoming more real and may even see the aircraft in real in the air at a nearby vertiport very
shortly We may witness the first type certificate issued to an eVTOL model by FAA or EASA between this and the
Certified Aircraft > Trikes > Gyroplanes > Helicopters > eVTOLs > Motorgliders... BUYER'S GUIDE
Flüge gel
Zugelassene Flugzeuge uge > Trikes > Gyrokopter > Helikopter > eVTOL > Motorsegler... Marktübersicht
Flügel
Das Magazingel
SPECIAL ISSUE OF
Flügel
Das Magazin
1,000AIRCRAFT...
ULTRALIGHTS, LSA, eVTOLS
MOTORGLIDERS
SPEZIALAUSGABE SGABE VON
1 000 FLUGZEUGE... UGE
LSA, Ultraleichte, eVTOL
MOTOREN
FUNK
INSTRUMENTE
AVIONIK
+ PROPELLER
+ GPS...
UL-trikes
GYROCOPTER
OP
LIGHT HELICOPTERS
MULTIAXES > AVIONS CERTIFIÉS IÉS
> PENDULAIRES ES > AUTOGIRES > HÉLICOS > E-VTOL > MOTOPLANEURS
OPL
> MOTEURS
HORS-SÉRIE
UL / LSA AIRCRAFT
Motorsegler
TRIKES
GYROPLANES
e-VTOL
FLUGZEUGE ULDREIACHSER / LSA
HELIKOPTER
LSA AIRCRAFT
MOTORGLIDERS
Flüge gel
MONDIAL AVIATION
France 12,50 €
Belgique 13,70 € • DOM : 13,60 € • LUX: 13,70 €
ITA/PORT CONT : 13,60 €
CH : 18,80 CHF • CAN : 20,95 $ca • TOM : 1 960 Xpf
1 000
AÉRONEFS
à la LOUPE
MOTEURS
INSTRUMENTS
+ HÉLICES
MOT OTEUR
URS
INS NSTRUM
UMENTS
HÉL ÉLICES
LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT & KITPLANES
@ AOPA BOOTH OSHKOSH AIRVENTURES 2024
PENDULAIRES
AUTOGIRES
AÉRONEFS
AVIONS ULM
M/
LSA
RADIOS
AVIONIQUE
+ GPS...
RADIOS
AVI VIONIQ
IQU
GPS
PS.
S...
de l'
Flügel
Das Magazin
MOTOPLANEURS
eVTOLS
AVIONS ULM / LSA
HÉLICOS CLASSE 6
LIGHT SPORT
CERTIFIED ED A
L 11200 - 2 H - F: 12,50 € - RD
LIGHT HELICOPTE
ULTRALIGHT / LSA FIXED-WING
Big changes on the horizon
NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER
NAME OF THE MODEL
Photo of the model
* Class of regulation: shows the lightest class of airworthiness regulatin for which the aircraft is eligible. Does not necessarily indicate
that certification has been achieved.
Companies marked with
the ‘e’ logo are actively
involved in developing
electric propulsion.
Manufacturers, importers and advertisers are indexed at the back of this publication.
At the end of the category « Ultralight / LSA Fixed-Wing », you find a list with « Ultralight / LSA Motorgliders »; these aircraft fly under the same regulations but have very different characteristics and different technical data.
14 World Directory of Light Aviation 2024-2025 Celebrating 30 Years World Directory of Light Aviation