Standard Arabic System for Transliteration of Geographical ... - adegn
Standard Arabic System for Transliteration of Geographical ... - adegn
Standard Arabic System for Transliteration of Geographical ... - adegn
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Sixth: The letter *[< (ظ) is written as a digraph underlined by a diacritical mark as<br />
follows:<br />
!, *, ~<br />
( ظ)<br />
. Example: *ahr[n ناﺮﻬﻇ<br />
* is pronounced as a guttural “the” in English.<br />
Seventh: >Ayn and Hamzah are written as diacritical letters ( ’<br />
as follows:<br />
a. Hamzah: At the beginning <strong>of</strong> the word :<br />
It is transliterated by the suitable vowel mark it bears:<br />
- 7 -<br />
/ ‘ ) and are transliterated<br />
- If the vowel mark is an opener (fat$ah), (hamzah) should be transliterated as<br />
an A.<br />
Example: Ab\ Kam[l لﺎﻤآ ﻮﺑأ .<br />
- If the vowel mark is a closer (}ammah), (hamzah) should be transliterated as<br />
a U.<br />
Example: Umm Qa^ir<br />
ﺮﺼﻗ مُأ .<br />
- If the vowel mark is a breaker (Kasrah), (hamzah) should be transliterated as<br />
an I.<br />
Example: >Ayn Ibil<br />
b. Hamzat al qati‘<br />
ﻞﺑإ ﻦﻴﻋ .<br />
Anywhere situated in a composite name, it is always pronounced and<br />
transliterated as an (opened hamzah) A (hamzah maftou$a).<br />
Examples:<br />
Ayy\b<br />
W[d; Ayy\b<br />
بﻮﻳأ<br />
بﻮﻳأ يداو