121724_CTH_Z01

AG Herald
December 17, 2024
Annual Manual
Keep this guide
for helpful information from
Central Iowa businesses
2025

WHEN YOU
PLAN TO BUY
EQUIPMENT,
MAKE SURE
IT PAYS YOU
BACK.
Proudly supporting our local family farmers
from generation to generation.
MEET THE CORN HEAD
THAT PAYS FOR ITSELF.
Few equipment purchases
deliver the return on
investment of a Drago corn
head. With components
including self adjusting deck
plates, overlapping gathering
chains and longer knife
rollers, Drago corn heads are
so efficient, they can pay for
themselves on the extra yield
alone.
No other corn head works
like a Drago or pays you
back like one.
DRAGO GT • DRAGO SERIES II
DRAGO SCI 712.999.5434
622 Railway St • Coon Rapids, IA
View our website for full
inventory and detailed listings.
www.dragsci.com
For all your farm insurance needs,
stop in or give us a call. We’d love to
talk about your operation.
JEFFERSON
107 N Chestnut St.
Jefferson, IA 50129
(515) 386-2726
COON RAPIDS
220 6th Ave
Coon Rapids, IA 50129
(712) 999-2263
AUDUBON
325 Broadway St
Audubon, IA 50025
(712) 563-9584
SELL YOUR CORN AND BUY DISTILLERS GRAINS
SELL YOUR CORN AND
BUY DISTILLERS GRAINS
We offer competitive bids on grain and buy direct
savings on DDGS with the convenience of a single trip
haul. To learn more, contact your local POET facility.
2
poet.com
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

• Pioneer Corn
and Soybeans
• Alfalfa and
Cover Crops
• Custom Seed
Treatment
• In Field Seed
Delivery
• Field by Field
Planning
• In-Season Field
Scouting
• Fungicide
Applications
KALEB REIS
712-210-6147
TABLE OF CONTENTS
While the Midwest may commonly be known as
America’s breadbasket, here in Central Iowa,
you’ll also find the “cream of the crop.”
Land is fertile and rich, ready for crop production. Livestock
is raised and taken to market close to home.
Family farms, though they have grown and evolved,
remain the backbone of our economy. Whether directly or
indirectly, you can’t live in Central Iowa and not be impacted
by the agricultural economy.
2025 AG DIRECTORY
ORGANIC FARMING 4
MANURE 7
WATER 8
INSURANCE 10
CARBON MARKET 11
GRAIN AERATION 14
FINANCING 17
NEW STRUCTURES 18
GIFTING ASSETS 19
SAFETY 21
SOIL HEALTH 12
GPS 22
INDEX OF ADVERTISERS
PROUDLY
OFFERING
• Channel Brand Seed, Corn and Soybeans
• Climate Fieldview Digital Agriculture
• Acceleron Seed Treatment Products
• Rain and Hail Crop Insurance
Licensed Agent
• Patriot Livestock and Seed
Handling Equipment
• Lacrosse Alfalfa and Forage Products
“Service so good, we put
our name on it!”
Main Street | Grand Junction, IA | 515-370-2149
Commercial Savings Bank ............................................................................ 6
Community Insurance .................................................................................. 9
Community State Bank ................................................................................. 9
Conrad-American Inc. ................................................................................ 13
Drago S.C.I ................................................................................................... 2
Drees Oil ...................................................................................................... 9
Edward Jones - Brett Adams ....................................................................... 16
Fairview Veterinary Clinic .......................................................................... 13
Feld Security .............................................................................................. 20
Fouch Agri-Service ...................................................................................... 3
Heritage Insurance and Real Estate.............................................................. 2
Hinners Ag Supply ..................................................................................... 13
Iowa Corn Processors ................................................................................... 9
Iowa Cover Crop ......................................................................................... 20
Iowa State Extension Advertising ............................................................... 16
Juergens Inc ................................................................................................ 6
Juhl Feed Inc. .............................................................................................. 6
Kenneth Janning & Sons ............................................................................ 16
M&W Ag Supply.......................................................................................... 24
MC Custom Machine Works LLC ................................................................. 20
Mid-State Milling, Inc. ............................................................................... 20
Nexgen Ag Supply ........................................................................................ 9
Poet Bioprocessing ...................................................................................... 2
Practical Livestock Services ....................................................................... 13
Raccoon Valley Electric .............................................................................. 16
Randy’s Diesel Repair................................................................................... 6
Reis Seeds, LLC ............................................................................................ 3
Riley Seed Sales ......................................................................................... 17
Stalcup Agricultural Service Inc. ................................................................ 13
Tech Zone ..................................................................................................... 9
Vonnahme Construction .............................................................................. 6
Zone Tech Ag .............................................................................................. 24
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 3

ORGANIC FARMING
Organic
farming is a
trend that is
here to stay
In fact, in some ways Iowa is at the forefront
of organic farming as it ranks high as
to how many there are in the state.
According to a survey conducted by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2019,
“Iowa ranked sixth in the nation for the total
number of certified organic farms with 779
farms. That is nearly 5 percent of the nation’s
total number of certified organic farms. There
were 133,691 acres of certified organic farmland
in Iowa. This was an increase of 30,555
acres from 2016.”
States that are ahead of Iowa on the list
include California, Wisconsin, New York,
Pennsylvania and Ohio.
According to the survey, the average organic
farm in Iowa was 172 acres, which is smaller
than the national average of 331 acres.
Iowa has seen an increase in the amount
of both organic field crops, livestock and berries,
fruits and vegetables in recent years.
Corn, soybeans and oats were the highest
money making crops in 2019, according to
the survey.
“Corn for grain had the highest total value
4
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

ORGANIC FARMING
UNITED STATES 2019 ORGANIC SURVEY
of sales of organically produced commodities
in Iowa with $38.0 million in sales.
Iowa produced more certified organic corn
and soybeans than any other state, and
comprised 13 and 15 percent of national
production, respectively,” the survey notes.
“The area harvested for organic corn for
grain increased 25 percent from 2016.
Organic soybean sales were $15.5 million
in Iowa. Iowa produced 30 percent of the
nation’s organic oats with sales totaling
$4,376,642 in 2019.”
Iowa also offers up significant percentages
of the nation’s organic hog and egg
market.
At the time the survey was released
“Iowa producers had 5,458 certified organic
hogs on hand, and comprised 36 percent
of the national inventory. Iowa’s organic
hog inventory ranked first among all other
states. Eggs had the second highest total
value of sales of organically produced
commodities in Iowa with $37.1 million in
sales.”
10 steps to Go Organic from the USDA:
Develop working organic practices on
SELECT ORGANIC FIELD CROP ACRES HARVESTED - IOWA: 2019
your farm.
Get to know the organic rules and create
your organic plan.
Ensure that your fertilizers, pesticides
and herbicides are allowed.
Create a record keeping system.
Determine and document when your
land will be ready for certification.
Find a market to help grow your business.
Ensure organic requirements are met in
post-harvest handling.
Label your organic product.
Decide when you want to have your first
organic sales.
Complete the certification process.
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 5

Juhl Feed Inc.
FULL SERVICE AGRIBUSINESS
Serving our community for more than 60 years!
A Community Bank
Rooted in Local Agriculture
We pride ourselves on flexible financing solutions, competitive
rates, fast decisions and personalized service to help you grow
your business today and preserve it for future generations.
Stop in today and let’s get to know one another!
CARROLL 792-4346 | DEDHAM 683-5611
PEOPLE’S CHOICE WINNER
carrolltimesherald.com
2024
OF
carroll
C O U N T Y
712-292-9794
Truck and Tank Wash
INSIDE TRAILER SERVICES
• Food-Grade CIP
• Kosher CIP
• Hot/Cold Water Flush
• Clean Pumps/Hoses
• Refer Hopper
Washouts
• Dry Bulk Washouts
EXTERIOR SERVICES
• Semi Trucks
• Trailers
• Aluminum
Rejuvenation
• Biosecurity Sanitizing
• Campers, Boats, RVs
• Buses
Company Drivers & Owner Operators
Benefits
• VERY Flexible work • 401k
schedules • Full and Part time
• No-Touch Freight Positions
• Drop and Hook • Seasonal Positions
• Medical Dental and • Semi-Retired Positions
Vision Insurance • We can broker loads too!
Randy’s
COME &
VISIT US
TODAY!
6
604 Burgess Ave., Carroll IA • 712-792-4226 • Open Mon-Fri
1-800-522-5531 • www.randysdiesel.com
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

MANURE
Finding the right time for your fall
manure application
One of a farm’s most valuable source
of nutrients is manure and timing
the application of that in the fall
to gain the most in terms of benefits while
minimizing the impact to the environment
is very important.
In a recent article written by Daniel
Anderson, an extension agricultural and
biosystems engineering specialist, and
Kris Kohl, an ag engineering speciality,
both with Iowa State University, they outlined
why finding the right temperature is
crucial for the fall application of manure.
One key part of the equation is soil temperature.
“A primary nutrient farmers look to
supply through manure is nitrogen, much
of which is in the form of ammonium
in liquid manures. Ammonium carries
a positive charge, and Iowa soils do an
excellent job of holding it, but during warm
temperatures, soil bacteria convert ammonium
into nitrate, a process called nitrification.
Once nitrogen is in nitrate form, it
becomes more mobile in the soil, meaning
it can leach into groundwater or be lost as
runoff as water moves through the soil,” the
article states. “To prevent this loss, delaying
manure application until soil temperatures
drop below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10
degrees Celsius) is crucial. Consequently,
microbial activity slows down significantly,
reducing the nitrification rate. When the
soil is too warm, applying manure can lead
to substantial nitrogen loss before the crop
can use it, reducing its value and potentially
causing environmental harm. In areas
like the Midwest, where winter freezes
halt microbial activity, targeting this 50 F
threshold is a standard recommendation.
By waiting until the soil is sufficiently cool,
farmers can retain more nitrogen in a form
that will still be available for the crop in the
spring.”
The problem with waiting for just the
right temperature is the potentially bad
weather conditions that might accompany
those drops in temperature.
“Fall can be an unpredictable time for
weather. In some years, conditions can go
from warm to frozen quickly, limiting the
window for applying manure at the right
temperature,” the article states.
Another constraint is that the right temperature
might not hit when you have all
the help you need.
“Fall is a busy time on the farm, with
harvest wrapping up and winter preparations
beginning. Labor availability is often
limited, and with shorter days, the time
available for manure application narrows.
Balancing these demands can make waiting
until soil temperatures drop below 50 F
a challenge,” the article reads.
One suggestion that the authors make is
for farmers to invest in soil thermometers
and to to regularly monitor them so you
can take advantage when the right conditions
present themselves.
But if the perfect circumstances never
present themselves, there are some things
farmers should try.
“For farmers who must apply manure
before soil temperatures are ideal, nitrification
inhibitors can help slow the conversion
of ammonium to nitrate. These products
extend the window before nitrogen
becomes susceptible to leaching, offering
some protection in warmer conditions.
Typically, these products allow one to two
weeks of reduced nitrification and need
soil temperatures to trend towards 50 F to
be effective.
“Planting a cover crop can help capture
and hold nutrients during winter, reducing
the risk of nitrogen loss from fall-applied
manure. Cover crops like cereal rye can
absorb nitrate, keeping it in the field until
the primary crop is planted in spring. If
using cover crops, especially if manure was
applied when the soil was still warm, planning
for some starter nitrogen in the spring
alleviates early season N tie-up concerns.
“In some cases, applying part of your
manure in the fall may be advantageous, as
well as reserving some for spring application
or planning to use a starter N fertilizer.
This approach can help manage storage
needs while spreading the nutrient availability
over time and help ensure sufficient
N for crop production,” the article states.
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 7

WATER
Edge-of-Field 101
Farmers often must do a balancing act.
One of the new issues to add to that act is Edge-of-Field
conservation.
“Edge-of-field practices play a crucial role in meeting the Iowa
Nutrient Reduction Strategy goals of improving water quality
through reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in Iowa’s water bodies,”
according to Iowa Learning Farms. “Edge-of-field practices
involve drainage water management, bioreactors, buffers, saturated
buffers, denitrifying wetlands, terraces and sediment control.
There are four areas to consider for options, according to the
Iowa Learning Farms:
Bioreactors
“Tile-drained water is routed to wood chip filled trench located
in a grassed buffer where the tile drainage leaves the field. Once
the water enters the bioreactor, denitrification begins. Bacteria use
the carbon from the wood chips as a food source and the incoming
nitrate for their respiration process. Bioreactors can reduce
nitrate levels by 15-60% in tile-drained water.”
Wetlands
“Wetlands are characterized as having water at or near the soil
surface during at least part of the year, containing hydric soils,
and containing plants that are adapted to wet conditions. These
characteristics provide a great environment for denitrification.
Wetlands are shallow in depth and allow the water to slow down
and deposit sediment. On average, wetlands can remove 40-90%
of nitrates.”
Saturated Buffers
“Tile drainage water is directed into lateral drainage tile installed
parallel to a riparian buffer. The water moves across the length of
the buffer removing nitrate. The microbes living in the saturated
zone use the nitrate in the water as part of their respiration process.
Plants in the buffer also remove nitrates from the drainage
water through root uptake. Saturated buffers can remove, on average,
50% of the nitrates in subsurface flow.”
Structures
“Farm ponds, grade stabilization structures, oxbow restoration,
buffers, terraces and sediment control structures are designed to
settle sediment and sediment-bound N and P, along with retaining
nitrate-N and dissolved P. These practices also provide wildlife
habitat, sequester carbon, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, stabilize
stream banks, and potentially reduce flood impacts.”
More information can be found at iowalearningfarms.org.
8
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

* HOME * AUTO * LIFE * CROP/HAIL & FARM
www.commins.net
Our Locations
110 5th Ave • Coon Rapids, IA • 712.999.2288
135 S Idaho St • Glidden, IA • 712.659.3185
422 Tracy St • Audubon, IA • 712.563.4422
103 E Lincoln Way • Jefferson, IA • 515.386.4156
OIL CO.
PROPANE • FUEL
OIL • GASOLINE
DEF
WE DELIVER TO
AGRICULTURAL
RESIDENTS
1257 W US HWY 30 • CARROLL, IA • (712) 792-1225
Community
State Bank
207 S Main St. • Paton, IA
515-968-4131
www.csbpaton.com
Iowa Corn Processors
Call us for the area’s top price for your corn!
Check out our bids and comments at
www.icpmill.com or call
Jeff at 712-659-2111 ext. 200
GLIDDEN, IOWA
ENJOY THE POWER OF TEC
ENJOY THE POWER OF TECHNOLOGY
NEXGEN
AG SUPPLY
GENERAL CONTRACTING
FARM SHOPS, BARNS & MORE
AG SUPPLY STORE
PARTS & ANIMAL HEALTH PRODUCTS
Custom Electronics
Security Systems
Audio Video
Installation
At Tech-Zone, we pride ourselves on our exceptional expertise
in access control design, controlled entrance systems, 360
imaging, network infrastructure, security cameras, cabling
solutions, cellular repeaters, networking solutions, cellular
boosters, alarm systems, door access control, security camera
design, key fabs, Verkada design, and custom electronics
and security solutions. Our comprehensive range of services
allows us to cater to diverse customer requirements.
NEX
GEN
AG SUPPLY
712-669-3459
315 1ST STREET
TEMPLETON, IA
800 E. Lincoln Way Jefferson, IA • www.techzoneia.com
515.386.4122 or 515.370.3869 • Since 1999
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 9

INSURANCE
Protect
yourself and
your farm
It’s inevitable. Things will happen.
Insurance is there to protect you in the event of a catastrophe
or loss that you could not financially afford. This loss could
come as damage to your home, its contents, outbuildings, equipment,
livestock, crops, etc.
Few individuals have sufficient personal resources to cover these
types of losses, so insurance provides a means by which you can
transfer risk of loss to a company that does have the financial resources
to cover the costs. In addition, insurance policies can provide you
with protection if someone is injured or hurt while on your property
or if someone has their property damaged due to something you did
or failed to do. The same applies if a person is injured or their property
is damaged by something you own or by someone that works for you.
Speak with the professionals
The type of insurance you should purchase will depend on a
number of different factors including the type of farm you have, the
type of business you operate (crops or livestock), whether you have
employees working on the farm, any outbuildings you may have and
the types of equipment you have.
To determine what is the appropriate insurance coverage, you
should meet with an agent or broker and discuss in depth with them
the specifics of your farm.
It is important to remember that a farm policy differs from a homeowners
policy and you should make certain that you have a clear
understanding of what is covered and what is excluded under your
policy.
Farm coverage
Farm policies have many different types of coverages available. To
be sure that you have the appropriate type and amount of coverage,
it is essential that you talk with a trusted insurance adviser. Crop
insurance, prevent plant and trade aid are all programs designed specifically
for livestock farmers.
The following are some of the standard coverages available under a
farm policy:
g
Property damage coverage protects your farmhouse and outbuildings
or household belongings if they are damaged or destroyed by
certain causes of loss. Some examples are fire, lightening, hail or
tornado.
g
Liability coverage will pay if you unintentionally cause another
person to be injured or another person’s property to be damaged or
destroyed.
g
Medical payments coverage will pay up to a specified amount for
medical expenses incurred by persons injured in an accident on your
property and, in certain situations, away from your farm regardless of
whether you were at fault for that person’s injury. This coverage does
not apply to you or a member of your household.
g
Additional living expenses coverage will pay for the additional
expenses you incur when you cannot live in your dwelling because of
damage or loss that is covered by your policy. For example, if you are
required to move into a motel or apartment while your home is being
repaired, your insurance company will pay the cost of this temporary
housing.
Think of the extras
In addition to these basic coverages, many companies offer a variety
of additional coverages for an additional cost. These are generally
referred to as endorsements to your policy. Endorsements may be
purchased to increase or expand some of the basic coverages (i.e.
changing from actual cash value coverage to replacement cost coverage);
to provide coverage for specific types of losses (i.e. water that
backs up from sewer and drains); or to cover items that are excluded
by your policy (i.e. particular animals, outbuildings, farm equipment,
etc).
Many of the items that are typically covered under a homeowners
policy (i.e. fences, outbuildings, swimming pools, etc.) will not be
covered under your farm policy, unless you specifically purchase an
endorsement that covers these items. Please note that the types of
coverage you elect to purchase will determine the price of your policy.
Further, if you have employees working on your farm, you may
need to purchase workers’ compensation coverage. To be sure you
get proper coverage, you should have a list of all your employees,
their titles and a description of the work they perform, as well as the
number of hours they work and the wages they earn, with a summary
reflecting the total number of employees and the total payroll to
obtain a quote for this type of coverage.
10
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

CARBON MARKET
C
The U.S. agriculture scene has a new
cash crop — carbon credits.
“Emerging voluntary carbon
markets are attracting lots of attention in
U.S. agriculture, to the extent that agriculture
carbon credits are usually referred
to as the new cash crop. In essence, large
companies would purchase carbon credits
from multiple sources, including agriculture,
to achieve their net zero emission
goals. Farmers and ranchers would implement
conservation practices that sequester
carbon or provide other environmental
benefits in exchange for compensation in
cash or carbon credits depending on the
carbon program. However, not all conservation
practices are able to generate
carbon credits,” according to an article
by the Center for Agricultural and Rural
Development at Iowa State University.
There are two major points that farmers
must meet with these conservation practices:
additionality and permanence.
“Additionality requires that practices be
additional or different from the baseline,
and requires judgement on whether the
practice would have been implemented in
the absence of the carbon program. Permanence
refers to the length of time that
a specific practice sequesters carbon from
the atmosphere,” the article states.
CHANGE IN RATE OF ADOPTION OF COVER CROPS
BY COUNTY BETWEEN 2012 AND 2017
RATE OF ADOPTION OF NO-TILL BY COUNTY IN 2017
The most common ways for farmers to
do this are by cover cropping or employing
no-till.
“A key challenge that annual conservation
practices, such as cover cropping
and no-till, face is the permanence of the
sequestered carbon in the soil. If a farm
discontinues the
use of cover crops,
or vertical tillage is
implemented on a
farm after several
years of no-till (e.g.,
to manage weed
pressure or excess
moisture in the soil)
then sequestered
carbon from previous
vintages leaves
the soil and returns
to the atmosphere.
Some carbon programs
address the
risk of “reversal
through a voluntary
carbon reserve, which consists of carbon
credits generated by agricultural practices
that are kept outside the carbon market
untraded for 10 years or more. In those
cases, the amount of agricultural carbon
credits available for sale is smaller than the
total number of carbon credits generated
by farmers.
When a practice is temporarily discontinued
due to factors external to the farm
(mostly due to weather), most carbon programs
include penalties associated with
skipping payments for the discontinued
practices until reinstated and do not count
incomplete practices towards carbon
credit generation.”
Source: Plastina, A. and W. Sawadgo.
2021. “Cover Crops and No-till in the
I-States: Non-Permanence and Carbon
Markets.” Agricultural Policy Review, Fall
2021. Center for Agricultural and Rural
Development, Iowa State University. Available
at www.card.iastate.edu/ag_policy_review/article/?a=133.
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 11

SOIL HEALTH
Plan for better soil health
Healthy soil is the foundation
that all farmers
rely on.
The trick to getting your soil
to work for you is to work for
your soil by using management
practices that improve soil
health. In other words, that
means working with the land
— not against it.
There are some basic principles
of soil management
that the USDA recommends
producers use to develop a
management plan.
Minimize disturbance
From hoofs to plows, soil is
disturbed in many ways. While
some disturbance is unavoidable,
minimizing disturbance
events across your operation
builds healthier soils.
To minimize disturbance of
your soil, you can:
g
Limit tillage
g
Optimize chemical input
g
Rotate livestock
Maximize soil
coverage
As a general rule, soil should
be covered whenever possible.
You can plant cover crops as
part of both grazing and cropland
operations.
To maximize soil cover year
round, you can:
g
Plant cover crops
g
Use organic mulch
g
Leave plant residue
Maximize biodiversity
Increasing diversity across
your operation can break
disease cycles, stimulate plant
growth, and provide habitat
for pollinators and organisms
living in your soil.
g
Plant diverse cover crops
g
Use diverse crop rotations
g
Integrate livestock
g
Maximize Presence of Living
Roots
g
Living roots reduce soil erosion
and provide food for
organisms like earthworms
and microbes that cycle the
nutrients you plants need.
g
Reduce fallow
g
Plant cover crops
g
Use diverse crop rotations
12
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

Hinners Ag providing Pioneer brand
products to farmers since 1978!
Herd health is an integral part of any
successful operation.
We are happy to help you reach your goals and
provide a thorough and effective evaluation to do so.
Hinners Ag Supply | 712-249-5447 1908 N Wilson Ave, Jefferson, IA
515-386-2211
1908 N Wilson Ave., Jefferson, IA
www.fairviewjefferson.com
FULL SERVICE MOBILE
LARGE ANIMAL VETERINARIAN
Cattle, Sheep, Goats,
Pigs, Camelids
Ultrasound and reproductive services, vaccinations, routine
herd health, health papers and emergency services.
Courtney Blake, DVM
3033 Koala Ave,
Casey, IA 50048
Call or text: 712-249-4599
FARM MANAGEMENT • REAL ESTATE
APPRAISALS • CROP CONDITIONS
TODAY’S LAND OWNER
1705 N Lake Ave, Storm Lake, IA
(712) 732-4811 • www.stalcupag.com
TOM’S ELECTRIC &
GRAIN EQUIPMENT, INC.
tomelect@fmctc.com
712-627-4610 • 105 Weber St. • Westphalia, IA
Conrad-American, a leading manufacturer of grain
storage bins and grain drying and handling equipment
for over 55 years, announces a new arrangement with
Tom’s Electric and Grain Equipment of Westphalia, Iowa.
Conrad-American will be offering special pricing to introduce Tom
Muenchrath of Tom’s Electric and Grain Equipment in this area.
Tom has served as a successful supplier of grain bins and related
equipment for 27 years. Please contact Tom at his Westphalia office,
712-627-4610, for a quote on any of your grain storage needs.
Conrad-American will continue to provide equipment for any new
installations and repair parts for existing installations in the Carroll
area through this new arrangement.
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 13

GRAIN AERATION
Grain aeration: Tips and ideas
Agricultural confined-space related cases of injuries and
fatalities saw a dramatic rise in 2022, including grain
entrapment cases which rose nearly 45%, based on
Purdue University’s annual report. Iowa had more cases of grain
entrapment than any other state at 9 total in 2022. Nearly all
of these cases involved grain flow issues due to grain spoilage,
which means that improved grain management could prevent
cases in the future. This fall and winter we will be doing a series
of short articles that aim to provide useful information to help
farmers keep their grain in good condition and keep them and
their families safe around grain. This is the third of the series. See
the first one of the series on bin prep here and the second one on
grain handling equipment safety here.
Aeration – why, when, and how?
Keeping grain in good condition is obviously great for a farmer’s
bottom line by allowing them to sell high grade grain and
maintain all their marketing options. Good grain management
has another major benefit in that it can help prevent grain entrapment
and engulfment incidents, since most of the incidents that
happen every year involve grain flow issues due to grain spoilage.
Why aerate grain?
Aeration is used to cool grain in the fall and keep temperatures
across the grain mass even throughout its storage life. Cool temperatures
keep insect and mold activity low and increases the
maximum allowable storage life of grain.
Aeration is important throughout storage to reduce the temperature
of the grain near bin walls and under the roof, where
the metal sheeting collects solar heat that warms the grain. Also,
grain often comes out of the field in the fall too warm to safely
store it through the winter, as well as out of a high-temperature
dryer. If grain isn’t cooled for winter storage, the cold winter air
will cool the grain along the bin walls while the center core stays
roughly the same temperature that it went in at. This temperature
difference can lead to moisture migration, or currents of air that
deposit moisture at the top center of the grain mass, increasing
the risk of mold growth and crusting. If you see a crust starting, act
quickly and be sure to remove or break the crusted grain before
unloading any grain, since removing grain under a crust could
create a dangerous grain bridge that can collapse.
When to aerate?
The goals of aeration are to gradually cool the grain down in the
fall, to maintain cool and even temperatures through the winter,
and to keep the grain cool as long as possible in the spring.
In the fall, a good rule of thumb is to cool grain any time the
average air temperature is around 10-20 degrees F cooler than the
grain temperature. This cooling cycle should be repeated until
the grain temperature is cool enough for winter storage. In Iowa,
14
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

GRAIN AERATION
a good target storage temperature for grain
is between 35 to 40 degrees F.
When aerating grain, keep an eye on
the daily average temperature (average
between the nighttime low and daytime
high) and the dew point (condensation)
temperature. The temperature that grain
can be cooled to will be somewhere
between the daily average and the dewpoint.
Air humidity makes little difference
when cooling grain since the cooling front
moves significantly faster than a wetting
front but cooling dry grain that has a low
spoilage risk can be delayed during periods
of rain. If grain is being held very warm
or wet, keep the fan running through periods
of high humidity.
How to aerate?
A cooling front makes its way up through
the grain as aeration fans push air up
through a bin, meaning that the grain at
the top of the bin is the last to cool and will
stay relatively steady until it is cooled. See
this past ICM article on cooling grain for
more information on the cooling front.
Don’t turn off the fans until you are able to
measure a temperature drop in the top 6 to
12 inches of grain.
The hours required for cooling the
whole bin can be estimated as 15 divided
by the cubic feet per minute of airflow per
bushel of grain in the bin (cfm/bu). If you
don’t know how much airflow per bushel
your fan provides, you can estimate it
using a handy calculator at https://bbefans.cfans.umn.edu/.
Bins with a small
aeration fan (0.10 to 0.15 cfm/bu) would
take about 4-6 days to cool the grain, while
larger drying fans (1 cfm/bu) can take less
than a day.
Aeration can only change the grain
temperature within the limitations of the
outdoor air conditions when the fans
are running. A useful tool to estimate the
cooling and drying potential of the air
based on local ambient air conditions is
the Grain Aeration and Storage app, which
can predict the moisture content and temperature
of the grain after aeration and can
estimate hours of aeration needed.
From the Iowa State University Extension
and Outreach Integrated Crop Management
blog. Written by Kristina TeBockhors,
agricultural engineering field specialist.
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 15

EXTENDING KNOWLEDGE
EMPOWERING WOMEN
Annie’s Project:
Farm Business Management
6:00 p.m. - 9:00 p.m. (Meal at 5:30 p.m.)
Carroll County Extension Office
1205 West US Highway 30 Suite G | Carroll
For more information, contact: Anjanette Treadway
astread@iastate.edu | 712-792-2364
Register by
December 31, 2024
Cost: $100
A six session course to guide women in making
good decisions for their farm business.
Classes starting Tuesday, January 7,
2025 and continuing January 14, 21,
28, February 4 &11.
Register online at
www.extension.iastate.edu/womeninag
Iowa State University Extension and Outreach programs are available to all without regard to race, color, age, religion, national origin,
sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, sex, marital status, disability, or status as a U.S. veteran. Inquires can be
directed to the Director of Equal Opportunity and Compliance, 3280 Beardshear Hall , (515) 294-7612.
Celebrate
the Season.
Wishing you
and yours
peace, joy
and hope
this holiday.
Brett F Adams
Financial Advisor
1205 W Hwy 30 Suite F | Carroll, IA 51401 | 712-792-2999
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2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

FINANCING
Do you find it difficult to know how
much to spend each month for
family living needs? Many farm
families do. Farm income can be both
irregular and unpredictable. Although
living standards on the farm have become
more and more comparable to those of
nonfarm families, there are some important
differences in managing farm family
finances.
Here are some things to consider:
Cash Flow
Mapping cash income and cash expenditures
for the coming year helps you plan
ahead. You can estimate how much shortterm
borrowing will be needed during
periods of little or no income, and when
operating loans can be repaid.
Household budgets
A careful estimate of how much is
needed each month for family necessities
is important but not easy. Projections of
expenditures for food, clothing, personal
items, health, education, home maintenance
and utilities, education, transportation
and giving can best be made from
your own past records.
Separate Accounts
Budgeting, financial record keeping and
income tax preparation are all simpler
if a farm business bank account is set
up separately from the family account.
Money can be transferred from the business
account to the household account
according to your spending plan. Household
expenditures can be monitored
more easily.
When no farm income is anticipated for
several months, it may be useful to place
some funds for future living expenses in
a separate savings account. Gradually
transfer them to the home account to discourage
unnecessary spending.
Setting Goals
Most families have a want list for
such things as a family vacation, home
improvements or a recreational vehicle.
Below list some possible extra expenditures
you might make for the household,
individual family members or the farm
enterprise, if income permits. Estimate
the cost. Decide what priority you would
give this expenditure. Compare your ideas
with those of other family members.
Obtaining capital for small-scale farms
requires preparation by the borrower
before applying for the loan. The most
important thing to remember is that the
lender wants assurance that the borrower
can repay the loan. Conveying the image
of a diligent, well-informed, experienced
businessperson will greatly enhance your
ability to obtain credit. There is help available
through state and federal agencies.
Make use of it.
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AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 17

NEW STRUCTURES
What’s a Barndominium?
A
new style of home is on the rise.
It’s one that farmers and farm families
should feel instantly at home in — a barndominium.
They are a hot new trend in home building and
if you are looking to build a new house it may be a
style to consider.
So here’s a run-down on this new trend.
What’s a barndominium?
Basically, a barndominium is a metal building
that is built in a barn shape that people live in —
not animals. Instead of pens there are bedrooms
and bathrooms and living spaces for a whole family
to enjoy.
According to Metal Building Homes, which
are a builder of these type of structures, barndominiums
are “affordable, energy-efficient and
low-maintenance structures.”
These buildings can be significantly cheaper to build but
depending on your finishing choices, they can get spendy —
just like any other home build.
“Materials, and the complexity of the additions that you
want to add, will cause the price of your build to increase. The
cost savings for steel buildings can be seen upfront and over
the life span of the building. Let’s look deeper at the average
pricing for barndo’s that are erected from steel buildings,”
according to the company.
What’s the average barndominium cost?
An exact number can be hard to determine but according to
Metal Building Homes, the prices can range anywhere from
$26-$85 per square foot.
“In most cases, you’ll spend 50 percent less purchasing one
of these barn style homes and having them put on your land,”
according to their website.
Another plus for the barndominium style is the durability of
this style of home over traditionally built homes.
18
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

GIFTING ASSETS
The idea of gifting farm assets to the
next generation seems like a simple
idea, but in reality you have to
be very careful about how exactly you go
about it.
It is very important to keep everything
up to date with your attorney so that your
“fool proof” trust doesn’t end up being
filled with flaws.
There are stipulations put in place
for gift to actually be considered a gift,
according to the federal government.
1. You must have intent to give the
property or assets and there must be
actual or constructive receipt of the gift.
What this means is that the gift must
actually be moved into the possession
of the recipient or at the very least must
symbolically be given. For example, if
you give someone the keys to the car
when the car itself is not in the immediate
vicinity — that’s a symbolic, constructive
gift.
2. The delivery of the gift and the
expression of intent to give have to happen
at the same time. Someone can’t
say that they want to give you their property
when they die. That would not be
considered a gift because the property
wasn’t handed over at the time the person
expressed their intent. That property
would probably end up as a part of the
overall estate and would be distributed
according to a will.
3. Gifts must be given free of restrictions
and cannot be taken back. For
example, if you give your son five cows
that are then moved onto the son’s property,
but you still want to make all the
decision regarding the cows then that is
not a gift. It would be considered a loan
or a lease. Also, you cannot reserve the
right to take your cows back — if you do
then no gift was made.
Taxes for gifts
The annual exclusion amount rate
increased in 2024 to $18,000 and will
increase again in 2024 to $19,000. This
means that one person can gift one other
person up to $18,000 without being
subject to the gift tax in 2024 and $19,000
in 2025. A husband and wife could combine
their exclusion and give a single
person a gift of $36,000 for 2024 and
$38,000 in 2025. If you are looking to give
an even larger gift, Mom and Dad could
give their son and his wife a gift totaling
the combined exclusion of all parties
which totals $72,000 in 2024 and $76,000
in 2025. Any gift that is larger than the
exclusion amount may be subject to high
tax rates.
The only times that gifts are completely
exempt from taxes are for payments for
medical or educational expenses. Gifts
are exempt from the recipient’s gross
income for tax purposes unless the
recipient decides to sell the property.
Do you need a trust?
According to Melissa O’Rourke, former
extension farm and agribusiness management
specialist, and Kelvin Leibold,
farm management specialist, with the
University of Iowa:
“Trusts are a tool in the estate planning
toolbox, but are not necessary for
everyone. The process of estate planning
involves an evaluation of whether a trust
is useful in particular circumstances.
The first step is to identify and value
estate assets. Next, each person must
determine when transfer to another
individual is desired, which may be
during lifetime, at death, or at another
future date. Lifetime gifting may be
appropriate for a variety of purposes,
and a trust is not necessary for that
process. However, an individual who
wishes to gift an asset (such as farmland)
but retain lifetime income could
use a retained life estate, but a trust may
also accomplish that purpose. If future
generations are part of the plan – such
as transferring farm income to children,
and the farmland to grandchildren,
this process may be accomplished via
a granted life estate or through a trust
document. These examples illustrate
that where estates are larger in value,
more complicated and involve multiple
generations, the more likely it is that a
trust could be a useful tool. Other situations
may include protection of assets
from a spendthrift heir or in-laws. When
second marriages occur involving children
or other heirs from prior marriages,
a trust may be able to carve out plans
for those situations. While substitute
decision-making tools (such as powers
of attorney) may be used to provide for
subsequent management in the event
of incompetency, a trust may also facilitate
smooth transitions in management
when the trustee becomes incompetent
or no longer wants to manage the trust.”
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 19

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2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

Reminder
to keep safe
while using
ATVs, UTVS
SAFETY
Precautions must be
taen hen usin oroa
vehicles on the farm
More, one of a farmer’s most
trusted tools are an ATV or UTV.
While they are the new practical
workhorses on a modern day farm, it is still
important to remember to take precautions
when it comes to safely riding these
machines.
An article by the Iowa State University
Extension and Outreach outlined some
basic safety ideas.
The article, by Steven Freeman, a professor
in agricultural and biosystems
engineering at the Iowa State University,
advised three main areas of safety concerns
to keep in mind.
Watch rider numbers
ATVs and UTVs are designed with a specific
number of riders. Don’t piles on more
than the machine is designed to handle.
“An ATV is designed to have only one
rider, whereas a UTV may be designed for
multiple riders. If more than one person is
riding an ATV at a time, this changes the
center of gravity on the machine and how
it is going to function. Always make sure
that the ATV is sized appropriately for the
operator,” according to Freeman. “Having
proper registration when using an off-road
vehicle is important. When operating
an ATV on your own farm, no license or
registration is needed. However, if you are
operating the ATV on state or public land,
registration is required. Riders ages 12-17
are required to have a valid education
certificate on their person when operating.
Riders younger than 12 must be under
direct parental or adult supervision.”
Grab a helmet
Just like when you are riding your bike —
make sure you and your passengers grab a
helmet and the other appropriate gear.
“When operating an ATV, operators
should wear a helmet. If the helmet does
not have a face shield, then appropriate
eye protection is recommended. Appropriate
clothing is also a must. Long sleeve
shirts or jackets, heavy pants, boots and
gloves should be worn. If an incident
occurs, appropriate clothing offers the
operator more protection from road
injuries, along with being protected from
brushy vegetation and the sun. Operators
on a UTV should be wearing a seat belt.
A helmet is recommended depending on
the situation,” Freeman wrote.
He also noted that making sure your
lights are in working order to insure that
you are seen while operating the ATV or
UTV.
Know when to use an ATV
and when to use a different
vehicle
ATVS and UTVS are very practical as
they can go places where pickups cannot.
“Riding an ATV takes experience,” said
Freeman. “The machine handles differently
and therefore you should know how
to properly shift your weight to turn the
machine without rolling it. This is different
from a car, so make sure you practice and
gain experience before riding an ATV on
rough of terrain.”
Most ATV injuries that occur happen
within the youth population while they
are riding for recreation. However, farmers
and others who use these machines for
work still need to pay attention to safety.
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 21

GPS
Precision farming comes with
advanced technology
If you thought technology didn’t impact
farming today, think again.
GPS-based applications in precision
farming are being used for farm planning,
field mapping, soil sampling, tractor guidance,
crop scouting, variable rate applications
and yield mapping. In addition, GPS
allows farmers to work during low visibility
field conditions such as fog and darkness.
GPS and associated navigation systems
are used in many types of agricultural operations.
These systems are useful particularly in
applying pesticides, lime, and fertilizers
and in tracking wide planters/drills or large
grain-harvesting platforms. GPS navigation
tools can replace foam for sprayers and
planter/drill-disk markers for making parallel
swaths across a field.
Navigation systems help operators
reduce skips and overlaps, especially when
using methods that rely on visual estimation
of swath distance and/or counting
rows.
This technology reduces the chance of
misapplication of agrochemicals and has
the potential to safeguard water quality.
Also, GPS navigation can be used to keep
implements in the same traffic pattern
year-to-year (controlled traffic), thus minimizing
adverse effects of implement traffic.
Use of GPS navigation in agrochemical
application with ground equipment has
grown rapidly, and commercial applicators
are quickly adopting the tool. GPS navigation
has become standard practice for U.S.
aerial applicators.
Crop producers are also adopting these
systems, because GPS navigation is an
excellent way to improve accuracy, speed,
and uniformity of application.
Decisions about adapting GPS navigation
should be based on needs, procedures
and positioning errors. Such issues as
vehicle dynamics, tracking of trailed implements,
and field terrain also need to be
considered.
Proper alignment and installation of
the GPS navigation system is required for
effective field operation. Poor quality of the
steering-control systems, a sloped terrain,
or misaligned implements will cause the
field performance of GPS navigation to
suffer.
GPS navigation (GN)
vs. foam markers:
g
GN is more reliable and more accurate
than foam markers. Using foam markers
could cause about 10 percent of the field
to be skipped or overlapped. With GN, the
skip and overlap rate drops to about 5 percent.
Some tests have shown that with an
experienced operator, the skip and overlap
rate can be as low as 1.5 percent.
g
GN allows accuracy at higher speeds.
GPS navigation can attain a 13 percent to 20
percent higher speed than a foam marker.
Naturally, an increase of speed is terrain
dependent. If field conditions limit speed,
then a GN benefit is unlikely.
g
GN is a possibility with spinner spreaders.
Foam markers are not generally used
with spinner spreaders. The spreaders have
no boom on which the foam equipment
can be installed.
g
GN is easy to use. Anybody can learn to
use GPS navigation systems, regardless of
computer skills.
g
GN provides effective guidance over
growing crops. With solid-seeded crops,
foam tends to fall through the canopy to
the ground where it is almost invisible, contributing
to skipping or overlapping. Crop
height does not affect GPS.
g
GN allows operation when visibility is
poor. GN works at night, in dust, or in fog.
g
GN is less affected by weather.
g
GN has lower recurring costs. GN has no
moving parts or tubes to clog. The primary
recurring cost for GPS navigation is satellite
differential correction. Many producers
already have GPS for yield monitoring and
may subscribe for differential correction.
For them, GN has almost no recurring
costs.
g
GN reduces operator fatigue and eye
strain. With the lightbar mounted directly
in front, GN operators do not need to look
backward or sideways.
g
GN is not affected by wind or boom
bounce. Blowing foam or a foam system
bouncing over rough ground at the end of a
long boom may introduce substantial error.
g
GN reduces pesticide use by reducing
overlaps. If a 10 percent overlap is reduced
to 5 percent, pesticide use also is reduced
by 5 percent. The same is true for fertilizer
and seed, so using GN is better for the environment
and for the bottom line.
Many opportunities:
1. Soil sampling: GPS provides the
necessary data to accurately determine
soil variability and to establish whether a
given type of soil is ideal for the growth of
a particular crop. Soil sampling also helps
in profiling of soils to distinguish between
soils that are viable and those that are not.
2. Weed location: Using linear sampling
techniques, GPS can be used to single out
weed patches in vast areas of lands. Weeds
usually hinder the effective growth of a
crop and hamper the eventual yields over a
22
2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD

given period of time.
3. Accurate planting: GPS also comes in
handy when planning the planting of a given
crop. Each seed has specific spacing and
depth required depending on the soil type.
Using GPS, it is easier to tell what spacing a
given seed requires and to what depth the
seed should be planted in order to return
maximum yields.
4. Determination of planting ratios:
GPS can be used in the determination of
planting ratios of seeds. Some seeds have
specific spaces in between them while
others may be planted together with other
seeds. GPS helps in determining the ratio
of this type of planting.
5. Creation of yield maps: GPS plays an
important role in the creation of yield maps
for specific types of crops. For instance,
during harvest, GPS can be used to map out
expected yields of a given crop from one
piece of land based on the land characteristics
and the seed characteristics.
6. Harvesting: GPS plays an important
role in the determination of what area of a
farm is ready to be harvested and how the
harvesting will take place. The GPS will also
give an estimate of the size of the area being
harvested and the expected returns from
the area.
7. Locating a yield map: GPS can aid in
creating a yield map by mounting a GPS
receiver on farm machinery and then collecting
the data.
8. Environmental control: Applying
herbicides or pesticides based on the
capacity of each square meter reduces
the amount of pesticide being used. This
allows the soil to absorb all the pesticide
hence reducing the chances of runoff.
9. Farm planning: GPS plays an important
role in the planning of a farmland ready
for planting. GPS will give the overall size
of the area and help in determining what
crop will be planted on what part of the
farmland using various factors such as soil
characteristics and crop characteristics.
10. Field mapping: GPS gives an exact
estimate of the field that is being prepared
for farming. Through this, experts can tell
what part of the field will be used for farming
activities and what area will be used for
other activities.
11. Crop scouting: GPS gives an exact
mapping of an area helping when scouting
for crops that are grown in a particular area.
Through this, experts are able to tell the
nature and type of crops that thrive within
a given locality and help in improving the
quality of that crop.
12. Yield mapping: After a crop has
been planted and is ready for harvesting,
GPS can be used to make an estimation of
the yield of a given farmland. This can be
achieved through aerial mapping where
experts can tell the quantity of a yield based
on the area covered by the crop.
13. Correlation of production techniques
with crop yields: GPS can be used
to make a correlation of the production
technique that was used over a given piece
of land and the crop yields after a given
period of time. This information can then
be used to determine the viability of a given
technique.
14. Soil property mapping: GPS plays
an important role in determining the soil
property of a given soil to establish its
variability and suitability for a given crop. It
also helps researchers identify which area
of a farmland contains what type of soil and
what area is suitable for a given crop.
15. Machinery direction: Technology
has necessitated the use of autonomous
farm machinery for use in farming. GPS
is used to direct these machineries into
deciding what direction the seeds will be
GPS
placed and the spaces in between each
seed.
16. Classification of areas for cultivation
based on various characteristics:
GPS can be used to classify different areas
for cultivation based on various characteristics
such as soil types and the terrain
maps. Areas that are not suitable for cultivation
can be identified and alienated
while those that are suitable can then be
developed.
17. Identification of swamps and other
water logged areas: GPS can be used to
identify swampy areas and waterlogged
areas that may not be ideal for certain types
of crops. This helps in determining the
suitability of these types of lands for certain
crops and their non-suitability for other
types of crops.
18. Contour mapping: In cases where
the land is irregular, GPS has been instrumental
in determining the contours within
the specific locality. This is because some
crops may not do well in contoured lands
while others may thrive in these lands.
19. Meteorological mapping such as
climatic patterns: GPS plays an important
role in mapping out some climatic conditions
which may determine the type of crop
that can grow in a given region.
20. Water bodies mapping: GPS can also
be used to map out existing water bodies
within a given area to assess the viability of
crop growth and crop yields.
AG HERALD 2025 AG DIRECTORY 23

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2025 AG DIRECTORY AG HERALD