Detroit Water Booklet

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DETROIT

RA

DETROIT

INWATER

Contents

Introduction .................................... 07

Measures ........................................ 20

Implements .................................... 46

Farmers Almanac .......................... 88

Other resources ..............................96

6

INTRODUCTION

Detroit’s name, French for ‘strait,’ points to the critical role

water has always played in shaping the city’s identity. Located

on the Detroit River, which connects directly into the Great Lakes

Watershed, Detroit’s water management has from the city’s

inception proved critical to the quality of the water resources in

the region, particularly those of Lake Erie. Today, with sewage

overflow from storm water exacerbating pressures on an already

fatigued infrastructural system, Detroit has looked for ways to

alleviate problems of water contamination, incentivizing green

infrastructure and low impact development to mitigate large-scale

problems one parcel at a time.

Detroit’s plan is potent but also dependent on citizen implementation

for its success. That’s where this little guide comes in. You don’t

need to be an engineer or scientist to help relieve the city’s storm

water challenges. You just need to know some basic facts about

your parcel and your options to make design choices that are right

for you and great for the environment.

We’ve tried to stay graphic and illustrate all the ideas with simple

tools. If you’re intrigued, want to learn more, or have questions not

addressed in this brief introduction to storm water management,

you’ll find additional resources at the end of the booklet.

Individually, these solutions might seem humble, but if we all do

our part, terrific impact can be made on our city and the region’s

water resources.

7

8

Detroit

MICHIGAN

Where do you live?

Where does your rain go?

“Water that is everywhere before it is

somewhere; water that is in rain before

it is in rivers, soaks before it flows,

spreads before it gathers, blurs before

it clarifies; water that is ephemeral,

transient, uncertain, interstitial, chaotic,

omnipresent.”

Design in the Terrain of Water,

Anuradha Mathur , Dilip da Cunha

9

AVERAGE

Temperature | Precipitation

Month Low High

Preci

Month Low High Precip

Jan 17.8°F 31.1°F

Feb 20.0°F 34.4°F

Mar 28.5°F 45.2°F

Apr 38.4°F 57.8°F

May 49.4°F 70.2°F

Jun 58.9°F 79.0°F

1.91in.

1.88in.

2.52in.

3.05in.

3.05in.

3.55in.

Jul 63.6°F 83.4°F

Aug 62.2°F 81.4°F

Sept 54.1°F 73.7°F

Oct 42.5°F 61.2°F

Nov 33.5°F 47.8°F

Dec 23.4°F 35.9°F

3.16in.

3.10in.

3.27in.

2.23in.

2.66in.

2.51in.

10

DETROIT

The feeling of home.

Averages

Hottest Month

Coldest Month

Wettest Month

Driest Month

July 83.4°F

January 17.8°F

June 3.55 inches

February 1.88 inches

Extremes

Hottest Day

Coldest Day

Wettest Day

102.9 F - Jun 22, 1988

-21.4 F - Jan 21, 1984

2.8 inch - Aug 17, 1974

11

12

5.82"

7.85"

7.44"

13.40"

34.51" +01.93"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

31.42" - 01.16"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

30.53" - 2.05"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

33.61" +01.03"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

3.72"

8.26"

9.45"

9.99"

6.44"

10.36"

7.90"

5.83"

4.98"

12.44"

10.23"

5.96"

28.31" -04.27"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

32.72" +0.14"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

39.29" +06.71"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

34.01" +01.43"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

34.51" +01.93"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

31.42" - 01.16"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

30.53" - 2.05"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

33.61" +01.03"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

39.94" +07.36"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

31.42" - 01.16"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

30.37" - 2.21"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

34.76" +02.18"

02

Stormwater

Events

05

10

25

9.61"

10.54"

10.38"

8.76"

9.82"

6.18"

7.56"

10.45"

7.33"

8.34"

11.81"

5.24"

8.94"

4.25"

8.66"

8.76"

6.15"

12.09"

10.60"

5.33"

3.95"

08.64"

11.97"

7.73"

7.56"

6.83"

7.24"

5.50"

7.94"

14.61"

10.77"

14.43"

8.73"

8.58"

16.13"

6.50"

7.17"

8.95"

12.78"

8.76"

5.53"

9.37"

8.49"

11.37"

5.83"

8.96"

10.25"

5.33"

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

W

Sp

Su

F

2001

Precipitation

2002

Precipitation

2003

Precipitation

2004

Precipitation

2008

Precipitation

2007

Precipitation

2006

Precipitation

2005

Precipitation

2012

Precipitation

2011

Precipitation

2010

Precipitation

2009

Precipitation

2016

Precipitation

2015

Precipitation

2014

Precipitation

2013

Precipitation

PRECIPITATION PATTERN CHANGES

How much rain are we talking about?

Left: precipitation data from 2001—2016.

How have rainfall patterns changed and

what should we prepare for?

Total Seasonal rainfall

Winter

Spring

Summer

Fall

The average annual rainfall in Detroit is

32.4” over the base period (1953 - 1999).

Since 2001, the average rainfall is 34.5“,

which is almost 1.3 inches more.

13

WEATHER DYNAMICS

1.54”

3.60”

3.61”

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

100˚ F

80˚ F

2011

60˚ F

40˚ F

20˚ F

Wettest year

jan

feb

mar

5.61”

apr

5.39”

Average Spring frost date: 10 May

0.94”

may

jun

3.03”

0.82”

3.10”

2.68”

2.56”

3.10”

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

2007

Average year

2012

3.00”

1.91”

2.96”

2.15”

1.72”

1.31”

Driest year

14

PRECIPITATION

3.67”

2.26”

2.47”

2.31”

0.72”

2.65”

jul

aug

sep

oct

nov

dec

2.10”

6.61”

1.45”

2.01”

1.78”

3.48”

jul

aug

sep

oct

nov

dec

7.67”

2.16”

6.28”

2.15”

Average Fall frost date: 04 October

6.00”

2.80”

jul

aug

sep

oct

nov

dec

Daily Maximum Temperature

Daily Minimum Temperature

15

WEATHER DYNAMICS

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

A

90

125

54

2011

1.54” 3.60” 3.61” 5.61” 5.39”

95

51

10

rh- 55.1%

Wettest year

Spring frost date 10 May

Average year

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

A

B

C

A

B

65

150

2007

10 7 6 5 1

3.03” 0.82” 3.10” 2.68” 2.56”

rh- 49.6%

C

rh- 47.0%

rh- 58.8% D

E

100

79 82 87 88 93

55 43 39 51

rh- 52.4%

73

142

71

2012

63

64

30 30

10

8 1

3.00” 1.91” 2.96” 2.15” 1.72”

rh- 53.3%

rh- 46.25%

91

Driest year

16

PRECIPITATION

88 91 84 80 63

59 64 57 42 36

0.94” 7.67” 2.16” 6.28” 2.15” 6.00” 2.80”

Fall frost date 04 October

jul

aug

sep

rh- 64.8%

oct

nov

dec

B

rh- 56.6%

C

D

E

F

9 8

7 11 9

rh- 62.5%

rh- 73.5%

jul

rh- 72.7%

aug

sep

rh- 49.6%

rh- 52.0%

rh- 49.1%

rh- 53.1%

rh- 57.8%

oct

nov

dec

D

E

F

G

H

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

rh- 62.8%

rh- 61.0%

N

91 80 96 95 90 88 73 84 89

54 54 51 57 64 63 55 43 53 52

rh- 53.2%

rh- 59.6%

rh- 69.8%

0 5 6

11 8 8 7 6 6 5

3.10” 2.10” 6.61” 1.45” 2.01” 1.78” 3.48”

51

rh- 53.4%

98 101 97

56 62 59

rh- 49.6%

rh- 57.1%

rh- 55.1%

95

59

72

39

0 11 10 6 7 9

rh- 63.5%

rh- 65.8%

1.31” 3.67” 2.26” 2.47” 2.31” 0.72” 2.65”

17

Wet Days Dry Days Stress Days Growing degree days

Fall frost date 04 October

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

jul

aug

sep

oct

nov

dec

Spring frost date 10 May

A

B

C

D

E

F

90

125

54

2011

95 88 91 84 80 63

64 57 51 59 42 36

10 9 8

7 11 9

rh- 55.1%

rh- 64.8%

1.54” 3.60” 3.61” 5.61” 5.39” 0.94” 7.67” 2.16” 6.28” 2.15” 6.00” 2.80”

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

jul

aug

sep

oct

nov

dec

A

B

C

D

E

F

rh- 56.6%

G

H

A

B

C

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

INTRODUCTION

WEATHER DYNAMICS

The three graphs compare an average year of temperature

and rainfall for the Detroit area with a wet year

(2011) and a dry year (2012).

63

64

30 30

Storm events are predicted to become more irregular,

but stronger.

A

B

Stress Days

Growing Degree

Days

rh- 62.5%

These are days when the temperature is high and the

amount of precipitation is low.

This is a measurement that can be useful for planning

the growth and development of your plants.

10

rh- 53.3%

8

rh- 46.25%

2.96” 2.15”

rh- 73.5%

rh- 72.7%

65

150

100

2007

79 82 87 88 93 91 80 96 95 90 88 73 84 89

55 43 39 51 54 54 51 57 64 63 55 43 53 52

rh- 49.6%

rh- 47.0%

rh- 58.8% D

rh- 52.4%

rh- 49.6%

rh- 53.2%

5

10 7 6 5 10 6 11 8 8 7 6 6 5

2.10” 6.61” 1.45” 3.03” 0.82” 3.10” 2.68” 2.56” 3.10” 2.01” 1.78” 3.48”

rh- 52.0%

rh- 49.1%

rh- 53.1%

rh- 57.8%

rh- 62.8%

rh- 61.0%

rh- 59.6%

rh- 69.8%

73

142

71

2012

63

91

64

30 30 51

rh- 53.3%

rh- 46.25%

rh- 53.4%

98 101 97

56 62 59

10

11 10 6 7 9

8 10

1.31” 3.00” 1.91” 2.96” 2.15” 1.72” 3.67” 2.26” 2.47” 2.31” 0.72” 2.65”

rh- 49.6%

rh- 57.1%

rh- 55.1%

95

59

72

39

rh- 63.5%

rh- 65.8%

18

PRECIPITATION

SUBTITLE

C

91

51

D

98

56

E

10

rh- 53.4%

11

rh- 49.6%

1.72” 1.31”

Over ten days, the highest

temperature was 91˚F, while the

lowest was 51˚F.

The brackets indicate periods

where, with the combined daily

temperature and lack of rainfall,

unirrigated crops cannot be

supported.

19

When it rains...

Our systems are designed to hide, drain and remove the water as soon as possible.

Once rainwater hits the ground and runs off, it picks up urban pollutants and

is transformed into stormwater. Untreated stormwater can cause flooding, harms

aquatic habitats and could also pollute the drinking water supply.

20

We can manage...

We can re-imagine our cities where we disconnect stormwater from sewer

systems to treat and store rainwater where it falls. We can recharge the ground

water, harvest roof water and improve the quality of all our water by integrating

stormwater management techniques into our homes.

21

MAIN TITLE

CAN YOUR HOME CONTRIBUTE

22

SUBTITLE

TO DETROIT’S STORMWATER

SOLUTION?

23

LOT

HOUSE

STORE

24

25

Unpacking your parcel

ROOF AREA

D

C

E

F

PLOT AREA

C

D

B

A

26

AREA CALCULATION

Measuring your parcel

PLOT AREA = A X B

ROOF AREA = C X D

CONCRETE PAVING = E X F

TOTAL IMPERVIOUS AREA =

[ ROOF AREA (E X F) + CONCRETE

PAVING (G X H)]

27

RAINFALL

ROOF AREA

F

E

E

F

PLOT AREA

C

D

B

A

28

VOLUME CALCULATION

How much rain can you collect?

RAINFALL = XYZ INCHES

ROOF AREA = C X D

GARDEN PLOT AREA = E X F

TOTAL RAINFALL ON ROOF =

[ ROOF AREA (E X F) X RAINFALL (XYZ

INCHES / 12)]

Rainfall value can be a weekly,monthly

or yearly value. Refer pg 90-91

29

T1

VACANT LOT

Pick your Parcel

T2

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE

T3

COMMERCIAL

30

WHAT’S YOUR TYPE

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T 1.2

Impervious patches > 25%

T 1.3

Impervious patches >75%

T 2.1

Single Family House A

T 2.2

Single Family House B

T 2.3

Single Family House C

T 3.1

Commercial Type A

T 3.2

Commercial Type B

T 3.3

Commercial Type C

Single family, regardless of shape of roof, but the

area of the house.

31

IMPORTANT NOTES

1 ft = 12 inches

1 sq ft = 144 sq in

1000 sq ft = 0.023 acres

1 cu ft = 7.48052 gallon

1 Mcf = 1000 cu ft

32

100 ft

T1.1

Vegetated Landscape

WHAT’S YOUR TYPE

30 ft

how much acreage?

3000 Sq Ft

Total Plot Area | 3000 Sq Ft

Impervious Area | 0 Sq Ft or less than 870 Sq Ft acres

Stormwater Calculations

Drainage Charge = Impervious Area x $ 661 / Imp. Acre

= 0.00 x 750

= $0.0 Monthly

$ 0 Yearly

Using green stormwater infrastructure to reduce 20 percent of storm water

runoff from major roads in the City of Detroit can reduce treatment costs by

approximately $2 million annually.

33

Property owners could reduce drainage costs by up to 80%.

Note :

Parcels with less than 0.02 acres (871 sqft) of impervious area are exempt from drainage charges. Please refer

[http://arcg.is/29KWCpY] to confirm city assessed impervious cover.

100 ft

T1.2

Impervious patches = 30%

Alter the numbers

30 ft

871 Sq Ft


Impervious Area | 870 Sq Ft



= 0.02 x 750

= $15 Monthly

$ 180 Yearly

Max 80% Credits | 40% Annual Volume of Flow

| 40% Peak Flow rate

If able to attain Max Credits up to 80%

Drainage Charge

$ 36 Yearly

34

Note :



100 ft

T1.3


WHAT’S YOUR TYPE

30 ft

3000 Sq Ft





= 0.068 x 750

= $51 Monthly

$ 612 Yearly




Drainage Charge

$ 122 Yearly

35

Note :



100 ft

T2.1

Single family house A

30 ft

845 Sq Ft

115 Sq Ft

Total Roof Area | 960 Sq Ft



= 0.02 x 750

= $15 Monthly

$ 180 Yearly




Drainage Charge

$ 36 Yearly

36

Note :



BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Growing months

Rain Water Collection Statistics

All calculations done at 75% Water Collection

Efficiency for the 30 weeks of the growing season.

Data value derived from http://www.noaa.gov/

2015

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Gal

Wk 1

153

Wk 2

377

April

Wk 3

Wk 4

215

0




2015 Weekly Rainfall

All calculations done at 75% Water Collection Efficiency,

as a reasonable efficiency rate for collecting water.

Min Collection | 0 Gallons / wk

Max Collection | 1005 Gallons / wk

Ave Collection | 280 Gallons

Total Collection | 8389 Gallons

To purchase the water from

DWSD, the cost would be:

Water Collected $ 25.5

Annual Svc Fee $ 79.32

Yearly $104.85

Weight

Farming Area

8387 Pounds

Storage should be

designed for the

maximum weekly

collection capacity as

an appropiate

residential size.

October

September

August

July

June

May

Wk 5

Wk 6

Wk 7

Wk 8

Wk 9

Wk 10

Wk 11

Wk 12

Wk 13

Wk 14

Wk 15

Wk 16

Wk 17

Wk 18

Wk 19

Wk 20

Wk 21

Wk 22

Wk 23

Wk 24

Wk 25

Wk 26

Wk 27

Wk 28

Wk 29

Wk 30

503

292

85

36

943

229

781

319

866

121

319

144

54

566

215

40

1005

4

530

117

144

206

81

18

0

27

Area on which farming possible

only with rain water for 30 weeks

300 Sq feet

37

100 ft

T2.2

Single family house B

30 ft

1320 Sq Ft




= 0.03 x 750

= $22.5 Monthly

$ 270 Yearly




Drainage Charge

$ 54 Yearly

38

Note :



BUILDING TYPOLOGIES





2015

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Gal

Wk 1

210















Yearly $114.41

Weight

Farming Area

11533 Pounds

Storage should be

designed for the

maximum weekly


an appropiate

residential size.

October

September

August

July

June

May

April

Wk 2

Wk 3

Wk 4

Wk 5

Wk 6

Wk 7

Wk 8

Wk 9

Wk 10

Wk 11

Wk 12

Wk 13

Wk 14

Wk 15

Wk 16

Wk 17

Wk 18

Wk 19

Wk 20

Wk 21

Wk 22

Wk 23

Wk 24

Wk 25

Wk 26

Wk 27

Wk 28

Wk 29

Wk 30

518

296

0

691

401

117

49

1296

315

1074

438

1191

167

438

197

74

778

296

56

1382

6

728

160

197

284

111

25

0

37



412 Sq feet

39

100 ft

T2.3

Single family house C

30 ft 30 ft

860 Sq Ft

120 Sq Ft




= 0.07 x 750

= $52.5 Monthly

$ 630 Yearly




Drainage Charge

$ 126 Yearly

40

Note :



BUILDING TYPOLOGIES





2015

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Gal















Yearly $105.38

Weight

Farming Area

8562 Pounds

Storage should be

designed for the

maximum weekly


an appropiate

residential size.

October

September

August

July

June

May

April

Wk 1

Wk 2

Wk 3

Wk 4

Wk 5

Wk 6

Wk 7

Wk 8

Wk 9

Wk 10

Wk 11

Wk 12

Wk 13

Wk 14

Wk 15

Wk 16

Wk 17

Wk 18

Wk 19

Wk 20

Wk 21

Wk 22

Wk 23

Wk 24

Wk 25

Wk 26

Wk 27

Wk 28

Wk 29

Wk 30

156

385

220

0

513

298

87

37

962

234

797

325

884

124

325

147

55

577

220

41

1026

5

541

119

147

211

82

18

0

27



306 Sq feet

41

100 ft

T3.1

Commercial type A

30 ft

5400 Sq Ft




= 0.07 x 750

= $52.5 Monthly

$ 630 Yearly




Drainage Charge

$ 126 Yearly

42

Note :



BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

SUBTITLE





2015

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Gal















Weight

Farming Area

26235 Pounds

Storage should be

designed for the

maximum weekly


an appropiate

residential size.

October

September

August

July

June

May

April

Wk 1

Wk 2

Wk 3

Wk 4

Wk 5

Wk 6

Wk 7

Wk 8

Wk 9

Wk 10

Wk 11

Wk 12

Wk 13

Wk 14

Wk 15

Wk 16

Wk 17

Wk 18

Wk 19

Wk 20

Wk 21

Wk 22

Wk 23

Wk 24

Wk 25

Wk 26

Wk 27

Wk 28

Wk 29

Wk 30

477

1178

673

0

1571

912

266

112

2945

715

2441

996

2707

379

996

449

168

1767

673

126

3142

14

1655

365

449

645

252

56

0

84



900 Sq feet

43

100 ft

T3.2

Commercial type B

5400 Sq Ft

30 ft 30 ft




= 0.1 x 750

= $75 Monthly

$ 900 Yearly




Drainage Charge

$ 180 Yearly

44

Note :



BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

SUBTITLE





2015

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Gal

Wk 1

858

Wk 2

2121

April

Wk 3

Wk 4

1212

0















Weight

Farming Area

47215 Pounds

Storage should be

designed for the

maximum weekly


an appropiate

residential size.

October

September

August

July

June

May

Wk 5

Wk 6

Wk 7

Wk 8

Wk 9

Wk 10

Wk 11

Wk 12

Wk 13

Wk 14

Wk 15

Wk 16

Wk 17

Wk 18

Wk 19

Wk 20

Wk 21

Wk 22

Wk 23

Wk 24

Wk 25

Wk 26

Wk 27

Wk 28

Wk 29

Wk 30

2828

1641

480

202

5302

1288

4393

1793

4873

682

1793

808

303

3181

1212

227

5655

25

2979

656

808

1161

454

101

0

151



1620 Sq feet

45

100 ft

T3.3

Commercial type C

30 ft 30 ft

5400 Sq Ft

5400 Sq Ft




= 0.14 x 750

= $105 Monthly

$ 1260 Yearly




Drainage Charge

$ 252 Yearly

46

Note :



BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

SUBTITLE





2015

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Gal

Wk 1

858

Wk 2

2121

April

Wk 3

Wk 4

1212

0

Wk 5

2828

Wk 6

1641



May

Wk 7

Wk 8

Wk 9

Wk 10

480

202

5302

1288


June

Wk 11

Wk 12

Wk 13

4393

1793

4873


Wk 14

682



July

Wk 15

Wk 16

1793

808









Yearly $162.48

September

August

Wk 17

Wk 18

Wk 19

Wk 20

Wk 21

Wk 22

Wk 23

Wk 24

Wk 25

Wk 26

303

3181

1212

227

5655

25

2979

656

808

1161

Weight

Farming Area

26235 Pounds

Storage should be

designed for the

maximum weekly


an appropiate

residential size.

October

Wk 27

Wk 28

Wk 29

Wk 30

454

101

0

151



900 Sq feet

47

MAIN TITLE

LET’S RE-IMAGINE DETROIT’S

48

SUBTITLE

RELATIONSHIP TO RAINWATER

49

FC FLOW CONTROL

Stormwater flow controls are passive,

non-mechanical devices used to

control stormwater flows entering

or exiting stormwater treatment or

detention systems to a designed rate.

DT DETENTION

A stormwater management practice

that temporarily stores water before

discharging into a surface-water

body. Primarily used to reduce flood

peaks.

RT RETENTION

A stormwater management practice

that captures stormwater runoff

and does not discharge directly to

a surface water body. The water

is “discharged” by infiltration,

transpiration and evaporation.

50

FL FILTRATION

Stormwater filters capture,

temporarily store, and treat

stormwater runoff by passing

it through either an engineered

or natural filter media and then

returning it back to the storm

drainage system.

IF INFILTRATION

Stormwater infiltration is the process

by which rainfall and stormwater

runoff flows into and through the

subsurface soil.

TR TREATMENT

Stormwater treatment is the process

of removing undesirable chemicals,

biological contaminants, suspended

solids and gases from water.

References - Low Impact development : a design

manual for urban areas (UACDC)

- Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan

- Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management

- Minnesota Urban Small Sites BMP Manual

51

52

53

Maximizing Credits

FC

FLOW CONTROL

DT

DETENTION

RT

FC 1

Flow Control Devices

RETENTION

RT 1

Wet Vault

RT 2

Rainwater Harvesting

FL 2

Surface Sand Filter

FL 3

TR

Vegetated Roof

FL 4

Vegetated Wall

TREATMENT

IF 3

Rain Garden

TR 1

Bioswale

54

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT TYPOLOGIES

DT 1

Dry Swale

DT 2

Underground

FL

Detention

DT 3

Detention Pond

FILTRATION

RT 3

Retention

IF

Pond

FL 1

Filter Strip

INFILTRATION

IF 1

Pervious Paving

IF 2

Infiltration Trench

TR 2

Constructed Wetland

55

FC1

Flow Control Devices

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Flow control devices are used to control stormwater flows entering or exiting

stormwater

1

treatment or detention systems to a designed rate. They reduce peak

discharges, disperse concentrated stormwater flows. These devices are placed in

areas where there is a large collection of stormwater.

Flow control devices slow down the concentrated BUILDING surface TYPOLOGIES runoff and pipe discharge,

thus preventing overflow, and erosion.

Function

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Used to reduce Vegetated the flow Landscape of water

2Cost

Relatively lower cost. Requires land grading for efficiency.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Maintenance

Careful design and construction required to function properly. Trash and

T T 1.22.1

T T 1.32.2

sediment removal needed.

3Sites

Applicable

T 1.1

Impervious Single Family patches House < 25% A

T 1.2

Impervious patches < 25%

Impervious Single Family patches House > 75% B

T 1.3


T 2.3


T 1.2 2.1

Impervious Single Family patches House < A25%

T 1.3 T 2.2 3.1

Impervious Single Commercial Family patches House Type > AB

75%

T T 2.3.2

Single Commercial Family House Type BC

T 3.3

Commercial Type C

56

IMPLEMENTS

Temporarily hold water

Stones reduce the speed of flow

Various types of flow control devices include

flow splitter, level spreader, mounds,

checkdams, and splash blocks.

The main aim is to slow down the water. They

are generally located downstream where

there is maximum concentration of water.

References - Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan



Sources - Low Impact Development : a design manual for

urban areas University of Arkansas Community

Design Center (UACDC) , 2010

DT1

Dry Swale

A dry swale is a shallow, gently sloping channel with broad, vegetated, side slopes.

Water flow is slowed by a series of check dams. It filters , attenuates, and detains

stormwater runoff as it moves downstream. Dry swale, when combined with check

dams and underdrains,detain stormwater, and increase infiltration.

It is a cost effective way to convey water between buildings,landuses BUILDING and TYPOLOGIES along

roadsides.

Function

Detain stormwater runoff as it moves downstream. Good for detention /

filtration and infiltration

1Cost

Low cost.

Maintenance

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Regular inspection required to check erosion and removal of sediments and

T 1.1

T 1.2

T 1.3

debris.

Vegetated Landscape

Impervious patches < 25% Impervious patches > 75%

1

2Sites

Applicable

T 1.1 1.1 2.1

Vegetated Single Family Landscape

House A

T 1.2

2.2

Impervious Single Family patches House < B25%

T 1.3

2.3

Impervious Single Family patches House > C75%

58

IMPLEMENTS

Pervious soil

Small check dams

10 years

to drainage pipes

Swales can be designed for 100 year storm

water events, though the norm is up to 10

year. The water quality is optimized when the

channel profile is two to eight foot maximum

in bottom width, holding a four inch water

volume depth. Dry swales can improve

site aesthetics and provide wildlife habitat,

depending on the type of grasses planted.

References - Low Impact Manual for Michigan






DT2

Underground Detention

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Underground detention systems are an underground structure designed to manage

excess stormwater runoff on a developed site, often in an urban setting. These

storage systems store and slowly release runoff water, thus reducing the load on

the main system. Some systems can infiltrate stormwater if the soil beneath is

permeable. This system is employed in places where available surface area for

ongrade storage is limited.

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Function

T 1.2

T 1.3

To detain Stormwater Impervious patches underground < 25% Impervious prior to patches its entrance > 75% into a conveyance

system.

Cost

Higher costs.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

T 2.1


Maintenance

Inspection and sedimentation clean out.

T 2.2


T 2.3


Sites

Applicable

T 1.2 3.1

Impervious Commercial patches Type A< 25%

T 1.3 3.2

Impervious Commercial patches Type B> 75%

T 3.3

Commercial Type C

60

IMPLEMENTS

Pervious soil

Detention Cell

Impervious cover

to drainage pipes

Underground storage discharges water

slowly and reduces the peak flow. Improved

water quality is achieved by sedimentation,

or the settling of suspended solids. Generally

they are placed after filtration facilities to

prevent excessive sedimentation.

61







DT3

Detention Pond

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

A detention pond is a low lying area that is designed to temporarily hold a set

amount of water while slowly draining to another location. .

Detention ponds are designed to completely evacuate water from storm events,

usually within 24 hours.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Function

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Detention of water

T 1.2


T 1.3


Cost

Costs per acre are reduced when implemented at larger scales.

Maintenance

Regular trash and sediment removal is required.

T 1.2 T 2.1


T 1.3 T 2.2


T 2.3


Sites

Applicable

T 2.2 T 3.1

Single Commercial Family House Type BA

T 2.3 T 3.2

Single Commercial Family House Type CB

T 3.3

Commercial Type C

62

IMPLEMENTS

Metered Discharge outlet

Detention Area

Inlet Pipe

They primarily provide runoff volume control

reducing peak flows that cause downstream

scouring and loss of aquatic habitat.

Detention ponds do not provide infiltration,

unless designed for specific soil types, and

therefore best used within a network that

provides biological treatment.

63







RT1

Wet Vault

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Wet Vaults are subterranean structures for stormwater runoff retention where a

permanent pool is maintained. Wet vaults contribute to stormwater flow attenuation,

as well as minor treatment. As a result of permanent water retention, wet vaults

are able to remove more sediment than other subterranean storage devices, which

drain completely.

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Function

T 1.2


Used for retaining water.

T 1.3


Cost

T 2.1


High initial cost.

Maintenance

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Requires special equipment for trash and sediment removal.

T 2.2


T 2.3


Sites

Applicable

T 1.2 3.1

Impervious Commercial patches Type A< 25%

T 1.3 3.2

Impervious Commercial patches Type B> 75%

T 3.3

Commercial Type C

64

IMPLEMENTS

Retention Vault

Inlet Drain

Impervious Surface

Wet vaults are used where there is minimum

surface area for to implement biological

methods. It provides runoff volume control,

peak discharge reduction, sedimentation

control and harvesting potential. Generally

located upstream of overflow basins and

downstream from filtration facilities.

65







RT2

Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting involves collection, storage, and reuse of runoff from roofs.

It reduces runoff volume and peak flows. Filtration and purification equipments

should be installed if the water is reused for drinking purposes. Storage capacity

can be designed as per the usage and as per the rainfall pattern. These units can

also be interconnected.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

1

Function

Retention of water and reuse

Cost

Relatively lower cost.

Maintenance

Seasonal cleaning and inspection required. Connections need to be carefully

T T 1.1 T 1.1 1.1

T T 1.2 T 1.2 1.2

T T 1.3 T 1.3 1.3

cleaned.

Vegetated Landscape

Impervious patches < < < 25%

Impervious patches > > > 75%

2

Sites

Applicable

T T 2.1 T 2.1 2.1

Single Family House AAA

T T 2.2 T 2.2 2.2

Single Family House BBB

T T 2.3 T 2.3 2.3

Single Family House CCC

66

IMPLEMENTS

Gutter

Cistern

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

T 1.1 T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T 1.2 T 1.2

Impervious patches < 25% < 25%

T 1.3 T 1.3

Impervious patches > 75% > 75%

T 2.1 T 2.1

Single Single Family House A A

T 2.2 T 2.2

Single Single Family House B B

Rain Barrels are available in sizes of

50 gallons and can be attached to each

downspouts. Bigger cisterns/tanks can also

be used to store rain water. These tanks can

be placed above and below the ground.

Storage devices can be reused and are

modular in nature.

T 2.3 T 2.3

Single Single Family House C C

T 3.1 T 3.1

Commercial Type Type A A

67

T 3.2 T 3.2

Commercial Type Type B B



T 3.3 T 3.3 - Minnesota Urban Small Sites BMP Manual

Commercial Sources Type Type - CLow C Impact Development : a design manual for



RT3

Retention Pond

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Retention ponds, a type of wet pond, are constructed stormwater ponds that

retain a large quantity of water and have biological treatment that also treats the

water. These ponds remove large amount of pollutants through sedimentation and

natural processes. They are generally applied at bigger sites. Unlike detention

ponds, another type of wet pond, these are more permanent.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Function

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T 1.2


Retention and treatment of stormwater

T 1.3


Cost

Relatively lower cost. Requires land grading.

Maintenance

Careful design and construction required to function properly. Trash and

sediment removal needed. Aeration of water required.

T T 1.22.1


T T 1.32.2


T 2.3


Sites

Applicable

T T 2.23.1

Single Commercial Family House Type AB

T T 2.3.2


T 3.3

Commercial Type C

68

IMPLEMENTS

Emergent Plants

Overflow spout

100 years

50 years

25 years

to drainage pipes

Retention ponds are best constructed in

areas with low precipitation or where the

soil is highly permeable. They are located

downstream of catchment and runoff. Usually

constructed at the lowest point of the site.

Can be designed to store water for 100 year

storm water events or more.

69







FL1

Filter Strip

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Filtration strip helps in filtration of water. It is a sloped surface that reduces the

stormwater

1

runoff flow thus increase the surface area in contact water and also the

time that water stays in contact with ground. Filter strips use vegetation to reduce

the speed of runoff, allowing suspended sediments and debris loads to drop out of

the runoff flow.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Function

3Sites

Applicable

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

T T 1.22.1


T 1.2


Filter water before it enters the stormwater pipes.

2

Cost


Maintenance

T T 1.32.2


T 1.3


Trash and sediment removal needed. Strip needs to be mowed frequency.

T 2.3


T 1.2 2.1


T 1.3 T 2.23.1


75%

T T 2.3.2


T 3.3

Commercial Type C

70

IMPLEMENTS

Permeable Soils

Drainage Area

Filter strips are typically located parallel to

an impervious surface such as parking lot,

driveway or roadway.

Generally these must be placed in areas

where there is ample amount of sunshine so

that they can dry out between rain events. It

is important to minimize foot traffic or any

disruption to the vegetation.

71







FL2

Surface Sand Filter

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Surface sand filter, also known as a filtration basin, utilizes sand surface as a filter

that 1manages nutrient loads in the first runoff load. Generally used for smaller

watershed runoff areas.

It traps nitrates, phosphates, hydrocarbons, metals and various sediments. It also

reduces the velocity of the runoff as water BUILDING flows through TYPOLOGIES the filter.

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Function

Filters the first Vegetated flush Landscape of runoff. Also detains water

2Cost

Average cost.

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Maintenance

Trash, pollutants and sediment removal needed regularly.

3Sites

Applicable

T 1.1

T T 1.22.1


T 1.2


T T 1.32.2


T 1.3


T 2.3


T 1.2 2.1


T 1.3 T 2.23.1


75%

T T 2.3.2


T 3.3

Commercial Type C

72

FL3

Vegetated Roof

IMPLEMENTS

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered

1

with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.

Vegetated roofs collect rainwater at its source, slow its release, and reduce its

volume through evapotranspiration from plants. Vegetated roofs also regulate

building temperature through additional thermal insulation, reducing heating and

cooling loads.

Function

T T 1.1

1.1 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T T 2.1

2.1 2.1

Single Single Family Family House House A

A

T T 1.2

1.2 1.2

Impervious patches patches < < 25% < 25%

Filters , treats and detains water at the source.

2

Cost

Average cost. Waterproofing cost are higher.

Maintenance

3

Sites

Applicable

T T 2.2

2.2

Single Single Family Family House House BB

T T 1.3

1.3 1.3

Impervious patches patches > > 75%

75%

Regular inspection of the roof membrane, as well as routine vegetation

inspection is required.

T T 2.3

2.3

Single Single Family Family House House C

C

T T 3.1

3.1 3.1

Commercial Type Type A

A

T T 3.2

3.2

Commercial Type Type BB

T T 3.3

3.3

Commercial Type Type C

C

73

FL4

Vegetated Wall

A vegetated wall, also known as a living or green wall or vertical garden, is an

extension of the building envelope covered with vegetation. Vegetated walls harvest

water to reduce stormwater runoff loads. Roof water travels through the vegetated

wall thus reducing the speed and increasing filtration. Vegetated walls also regulate

building temperature through additional thermal insulation, reducing BUILDING heating TYPOLOGIES and

cooling loads.

Function


1Cost

Cheaper to expensive techniques.

Maintenance

Occasional watering and trimming is required depending on species.

2

Sites

Applicable

T T 1.1 T 1.1 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T T 1.2 T 1.2 1.2


T T 1.3 T 1.3 1.3


T T 2.1 T 2.1 2.1


T T 2.2 T 2.2 2.2


T T 2.3 T 2.3 2.3


74

IMPLEMENTS

Planter Box Module

Irrigation

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

T 1.1 T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T 1.2 T 1.2


T 1.3 T 1.3


T 2.1 T 2.1


T 2.2 T 2.2


Vegetated walls are located at the beginning

of network. They are directly attached to the

roof runoff. Their application ranges from

small residential applications to larger

commercial structures.

Solar orientation for plants types and

structural loads must be considered for

better efficiency.

T 2.3 T 2.3


T 3.1 T 3.1


75

T 3.2 T 3.2








IF1

Pervious Paving

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Pervious pavement or permeable paving is designed to allow percolation or

infiltration

1

of stormwater through the surface into the soil below where the water

is naturally filtered and pollutants are removed. They allow water to vertically

flow through hard surfaces. A pervious paving system includes a subsurface base

made of course aggregate for stormwater storage. It acts to reduce and distribute

stormwater volume, encouraging groundwater infiltration.

Function

Infiltrates water. Vegetated Landscape

2Cost

Cost varies as per area. Generally lower costs.

Maintenance

Vacuum-based sediment removal from paving is required periodically. Turf

paver systems

T 2.1

need to be mowed and

T 2.2

irrigated to maintain

T

vegetation.

2.3

3Sites

Applicable

T 1.1


T 1.2


BUILDING TYPOLOGIES


T 1.3



T 1.1 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T T 1.23.1

Impervious Commercial patches Type < A

25%

T T 1.33.2

Impervious Commercial patches Type > B

75%

T 3.3

Commercial Type C

76

IF2

Infiltration Trench

IMPLEMENTS

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Infiltration trenches are linear ditches that collect rain water from adjacent

surfaces,

1

and their highly permeable soils allow the water to quickly seep into the

ground. Infiltration trenches also reduce the amount of stormwater that would

enters the sewer system and ultimately go to a treatment facility. It does this by

storing the water in the soil, which acts as BUILDING an underground TYPOLOGIES

reservoir, until it can

percolate down and recharge the water table.

Function

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Infiltrates and Vegetated treats Landscape water before it Impervious enters patches the stormwater < 25% pipes.

2Cost

Average to higher cost. Requires land grading for efficiency.

Maintenance

Trash and sediment removal annually.

3Sites

Applicable

T 1.1

T T 1.2

2.1

Impervious Single Family patches House < 25%

A

T 1.2

T T 1.3

2.2

Impervious Single Family patches House > 75%

B

T 1.3


T 2.3


T 2.1


T T 2.2

3.1

Single Commercial Family House Type AB

T T 2.3

3.2


T 3.3

Commercial Type C

77

IF3

Rain Garden

Rain gardens are an easy and effective tool that we can use to help reduce

stormwater runoff from residential properties. These gardens are strategically

placed to intercept pollutant laden stormwater runoff until it can be fully absorbed

into the ground. Their design allows the rain garden to serve almost as a bowl that

collects water from downspouts or overland flow across a property. BUILDING The TYPOLOGIES water is

then able to slowly infiltrate into the underlying soil.

Function


1Cost


Maintenance

Trash and sediment removal needed. Strip needs to be mowed frequency.

2

Sites

Applicable

T T 1.1 T 1.1 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T T 1.2 T 1.2 1.2


T T 1.3 T 1.3 1.3


T T 2.1 T 2.1 2.1


T T 2.2 T 2.2 2.2


T T 2.3 T 2.3 2.3


78

IMPLEMENTS

Deep Berm

Vegetation, permeable soil

Roof water

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

T 1.1 T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

T 1.2 T 1.2


to drainage pipes

T 1.3 T 1.3


T 2.1 T 2.1


T 2.2 T 2.2


Rain gardens combine layers of organic

sandy soil for infiltration, and mulch to

promote microbial activity. Native plants are

recommended based upon their intrinsic

synergies with local climate, soil, and

moisture conditions without the use of

fertilizers and chemicals. If the site allows,

they should be located at least 10 feet away

from buildings.

T 2.3 T 2.3


T 3.1 T 3.1


79

T 3.2 T 3.2








TR1

Bioswale

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Bioswale are linear, vegetated ditches which allow for the collection, conveyance,

filtration

1

and infiltration of stormwater. The can also be referred to as “grass

swales,” “vegetated swales,” and also similar to “filter strips.” A bioswale replaces

the traditional concrete gutter with an earthen one. The vegetation reduces the

water’s velocity allowing for treatment and infiltration. Bioswale are usually located

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

along roads, drives, or parking lots where the contributing acreage is less than five

acres.

T 1.1

Vegetated Landscape

Function

Filter water before Vegetated it Landscape enters the stormwater Impervious patches pipes. < 25%

2Cost


Maintenance

Requires occasional removal of trash and pruning of vegetation.

13

Sites

Applicable

T 1.1

T T 1.22.1


T 1.2

T T 1.32.2


T 1.3


BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

T 2.3


T 2.1


T 1.1 T 2.23.1

Vegetated Single Commercial Family Landscape House Type AB

T 1.2 T 2.3.2

Impervious Single Commercial Family patches House Type < BC

25%

T 1.3 T 3.3

Impervious Commercial patches Type > C75%

80

TR2

Constructed Wetland

IMPLEMENTS

Constructed wetlands are artificial marshes or swamps with permanent standing

water that offer a full range of ecosystem services to treat polluted stormwater.

They are wetland systems designed to maximize the removal of pollutants from

stormwater runoff through settling and both uptake and filtering by vegetation.

Constructed stormwater wetlands temporarily store runoff in relatively shallow

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

pools that support conditions suitable for the growth of wetland plants.

Function

Retention/filtration/infiltration/treatment

Cost

High cost. Low maintenance cost.

Maintenance

Requires removal of trash and sediment between two and ten years, and

T 1.3

semiannually during first three years.

T 1.2



Sites

Applicable

T 2.2


81

T 2.3








MAIN TITLE

PLANNING TO FARM? A FEW

82

SUBTITLE

THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND...

83

FARMER’S ALMANAC

CROPS THAT YOU CAN GROW

Asparagus

Green Onions

Squash

Strawberry

Pepper

Garlic

Blueberries

Broccoli

Garlic

Tomatoes

Carrot

Onions

86

Kale

Cherry

Grapes

Cucumber

Peas

Lettuce

Cabbage

Pear

Spinach

Cauliflower

Squash small

Peach

87

DELICIOUS BUT DELICATE CROPS

Pepper

Garlic

Tomatoes

88

WATER LOVING PLANTS

Cucumber

Peas

Cabbage

Cauliflower

89

EASY TO GROW CROPS

Squash

Broccoli

Garlic

Carrot

Onions

90

LOW WATER DEMAND

Kale

Grapes

Spinach

91

WEATHER DYNAMICS

75

140

A

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

jun

B

66 84

30 39

70

2015

8

8

1.46” 1.35” 0.80” 2.61” 5.55” 5.33”

rh- 57.62%

rh- 52.7%

Calculation year

WK 01

WK 02

WK 03

WK 04

Average Temp | 45

Average Temp | 50

Average Temp | 53

Average Temp | 42

Precipitation | 0.34”




Water Demand

@ 1” / week

Water Demand

@ 1” / week

Water Demand

@ 1” / week

Water Demand

@ 1” / week

WK 05

WK 06

WK 07

WK 08

Average Temp | 58

Average Temp | 65

Average Temp | 62

Average Temp |61





Water Demand

@ 1” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.5” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.2” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.1” / week

WK 09

WK 10

WK 11

WK 12

Average Temp | 62

Average Temp | 66

Average Temp | 70

Average Temp | 70





Water Demand

@ 1.2” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.6” / week

Water Demand

@ 2” / week

Water Demand

@ 2” / week

WK 13

WK 14

WK 15

WK 16

Average Temp | 66

Average Temp | 67

Average Temp | 69

Average Temp | 73





Water Demand

@ 1.6” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.7” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.9” / week

Water Demand

@ 2.3” / week

92

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

PRECIPITATION

jul

aug

sep

oct

nov

dec

84

53

91 87 91 82 80 75

62

61 52 48 51 33

5

rh- 62.6%

6

rh- 56.5%

7

rh- 65.4%

7

rh- 72.7%

6

rh- 72.7%

9

rh- 69.7%

14

rh- 57.7%

1.76” 3.16” 1.30” 1.97” 2.06” 3.02”

2015

WK 17

WK 18

WK 19

WK 20

Average Temp | 74


Average Temp | 74


Average Temp | 70


Average Temp | 75


Water Demand

@ 2.4” / week

Water Demand

@ 2.4” / week

Water Demand

@ 2” / week

Water Demand

@ 2.5” / week

WK 21

WK 22

WK 23

WK 24

Average Temp | 69


Average Temp | 69


Average Temp | 78


Average Temp | 64


Water Demand

@ 1.9” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.9” / week

Water Demand

@ 2.8” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.4” / week

WK 25

WK 26

WK 27

WK 28

Average Temp | 66


Average Temp | 67


Average Temp | 54


Average Temp | 59


Water Demand

@ 1.6” / week

Water Demand

@ 1.7” / week

Water Demand

@ 1” / week

Water Demand

@ 1” / week

WK 29

Average Temp | 49


Water Demand

@ 1” / week

WK 30

Average Temp | 54


Water Demand

@ 1” / week

Note:

Think about temperatures and

precipitation and plan accordingly.

93

100 ft

T1

Farming - Water supply dependent

30 ft

3000 Sq Ft


Farming Area | 1792 Sq Ft

10 ft

Water Usage Calculations

Collection Area - 0 Sq Ft

Water Demand - 52,192 Gal

Water Collection - 0.0 Gal

Water Balance - 52,192 Gal

Cost to purchase balance water

Water $ 163.94


Yearly $243.26

94

Water Requirement

Avg Temperature

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

Week 1


Week 2


Week 3


Week 4


Week 5


Week 6


Week 7


Week 8


Week 9


Week 10


Week 11


Week 12


Week 13


Week 14


Week 15


Week 16


Week 17


Week 18


Week 19


Week 20


Week 21


Week 22


Week 23


Week 24


Week 25


Week 26


Week 27


Week 28


Week 29


Week 30


500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Water Requirement

Avg Temperature

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 45

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 50

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 53

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 42

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 58

@ 1.5” / week

Average Temp - 65

@ 1.2” / week

Average Temp - 62

@ 1.1” / week

Average Temp - 61

@ 1.2” / week

Average Temp - 62

@ 1.6” / week

Average Temp - 66

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 70

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 70

@ 1.6” / week

Average Temp - 66

@ 1.7” / week

Average Temp - 67

@ 1.9” / week

Average Temp - 69

@ 2.3” / week

Average Temp - 73

@ 2.5” / week

Average Temp - 75

@ 2.4” / week

Average Temp - 74

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 70

@ 2.5” / week

Average Temp - 75

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 69

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 69

@ 2.8” / week

Average Temp - 78

@ 1.4” / week

Average Temp - 64

@ 1.6” / week

Average Temp - 66

@ 1.7” / week

Average Temp - 67

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 54

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 59

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 49

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 54

Water Requirement

Avg Temperature

+ Collected | 0 gal

- Consumed | 0 gal + 0 Gallons

+ Collected | 0 gal

- Consumed | 1116 gal

+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 1026 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


+ Collected | 0 gal


- 1116 Gallons

- 1116 Gallons

- 1116 Gallons

- 1116 Gallons

- 1675 Gallons

- 1340 Gallons

- 1228 Gallons

-1340 Gallons

- 1786 Gallons

- 2233 Gallons

- 2233 Gallons

- 1786 Gallons

- 1898 Gallons

- 2233 Gallons

- 2568 Gallons

- 2791 Gallons

- 2512 Gallons

- 2233 Gallons

- 2791 Gallons

- 2233 Gallons

-2233 Gallons

-3126 Gallons

-1675 Gallons

-1675 Gallons

-1675 Gallons

-1116 Gallons

-1116 Gallons

-1116 Gallons

-1116 Gallons

Collection Demand Effective Gallons required from another source -52,192 Gallons

Collection Efficiency @ 75% | Water Demand 1” @ 60F | 10F rise in Average Temperature leads to 1” Increase in water demand

100 ft

T2

Farming - Self Sufficient

30 ft

2000 Sq Ft

1000 Sq Ft

600 Sq Ft


Farming Area | 600 Sq Ft

10 ft

Water Usage Calculations

Collection Area - 2000 Sq Ft

Water Demand - 17475 Gal

Water Collection - 17476 Gal

Water Balance - 1 Gal

Cost to purchase Balance water



Yearly $0.0

Cost to purchase Demand water



Yearly $133.96

96

Total Savings -

$ 133.96

Water Requirement

Avg Temperature

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

Week 1


Week 2


Week 3


Week 4


Week 5


Week 6


Week 7


Week 8


Week 9


Week 10


Week 11


Week 12


Week 13


Week 14


Week 15


Week 16


Week 17


Week 18


Week 19


Week 20


Week 21


Week 22


Week 23


Week 24


Week 25


Week 26


Week 27


Week 28


Week 29


Week 30


500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Water Requirement

Avg Temperature

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 45

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 50

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 53

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 42

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 58

@ 1.5” / week

Average Temp - 65

@ 1.2” / week

Average Temp - 62

@ 1.1” / week

Average Temp - 61

@ 1.2” / week

Average Temp - 62

@ 1.6” / week

Average Temp - 66

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 70

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 70

@ 1.6” / week

Average Temp - 66

@ 1.7” / week

Average Temp - 67

@ 1.9” / week

Average Temp - 69

@ 2.3” / week

Average Temp - 73

@ 2.5” / week

Average Temp - 75

@ 2.4” / week

Average Temp - 74

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 70

@ 2.5” / week

Average Temp - 75

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 69

@ 2” / week

Average Temp - 69

@ 2.8” / week

Average Temp - 78

@ 1.4” / week

Average Temp - 64

@ 1.6” / week

Average Temp - 66

@ 1.7” / week

Average Temp - 67

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 54

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 59

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 49

@ 1” / week

Average Temp - 54

Water Requirement

Avg Temperature


- Consumed | 0 gal + 318 Gallons





+ Collected | 0 gal




































+ Collected | 9 gal














+ Collected | 0 gal




+ 412 Gallons

+ 75 Gallons

- 374 Gallons

+ 673 Gallons

+ 47 Gallons

- 271 Gallons

- 336 Gallons

+ 1515 Gallons

- 121 Gallons

+ 879 Gallons

- 84 Gallons

+ 1207 Gallons

- 383 Gallons

- 84 Gallons

- 561 Gallons

- 822 Gallons

+ 337 Gallons

- 299 Gallons

- 850 Gallons

+1347 Gallons

- 738 Gallons

+ 57 Gallons

- 318 Gallons

- 261 Gallons

- 131 Gallons

- 205 Gallons

- 336 Gallons

- 374 Gallons

- 318 Gallons

Collection Demand Effective Gallons required from another source +1.2 Gallons

Collection Efficiency @ 75% | Water Demand 1” @ 60F | 10F rise in Average Temperature leads to 1” Increase in water demand

MAIN TITLE

To learn more...

98

SUBTITLE

DWSD - Drainage Charge and Credit

Program. - http://detroitmi.gov/Portals/0/docs/DWSD/FAQ%20-%20Drainage%20Charge%20and%20Credit%20

Program%20-%2011232016.pdf

A Guide to the Drainage Charge

- http://www.detroitmi.gov/Portals/0/docs/DWSD/A%20Guide%20

to%20Drainage%20Charge%20

Credits%20-%20Web.pdf?ver=2016-09-06-093601-287

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT GUIDE-

BOOK- Bruce E. Menerey, P.E.

https://www.michigan.gov/documents/

deq/lwm-smg-all_202833_7.pdf

LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT : A

DESIGN MANUAL FOR URBAN AREAS

(UACDC)

LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT MANUAL

FOR MICHIGAN - http://www.swmpc.

org/mi_lid_manual.asp

MINNESOTA URBAN SMALL SITES

BMP MANUAL: STORMWATER BEST

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/

stormwater-best-management-practices-manual

99

100

MAIN TITLE

SUBTITLE

Keeping costs down

1 - Department of Environmental Quality

2 - The Kresge Foundation

3 - Fred A. And Barbara M. Erb Family

Foundation

101

102

MAIN TITLE

SUBTITLE

Water Booklet was developed for the Detroit Cultivator project,

a six-acre civic commons sited at the Oakland Avenue Urban

Farm in Detroit’s historic North End. Combining food production,

cultural activity, and civic assets, Detroit Cultivator works to create

an economically and ecologically sustainable environment for the

benefit of the neighborhood and the city at large. The project shares

and showcases best practices for urban stewardship through

publications, public programs, events, and other experimental

prototypes.

About the Oakland Avenue Urban Farm

For the past decade, against a backdrop of extreme social and

economic need, the Oakland Avenue Urban Farm has established

a reputation as a stabilizing anchor for the community. By growing

healthy food, offering mentorships, conducting educational

programs, supporting outdoor gathering spots and art spaces,

and generating jobs, the farm helped create a safety net where

virtually no other was available. The farm started with just one

city lot in 2000; today it includes over 30 lots and structures

ready for civic programming. 9227 Goodwin St. Detroit, MI 48211;

oaklandurbanfarm.org

Credits

MAde Architects, water consultants

Akoaki, Detroit Cultivator architectural design leads

Nishant Mittal, Detroit Water Booklet design

Water Booklet is made possible through the generous support of

ArtPlace America.

103

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

Farr, Douglas. Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design with Nature. Hoboken, New Jersey:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008.

Low Impact Development : a design manual for urban areas University of Arkansas

Community Design Center (UACDC) , 2010

Smith, Carl, Andy Clayden, and Nigel Dunnett. Residential Landscape Sustainability: A

Checklist Tool. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.

MANUALS

Barr Engineering Company. Minnesota Urban Small Sites BMP Manual. St. Paul, Ml:

Metropolitan Council, 1993, http:// www.metrocouncil.org/environment/water/BMP/

manual.htm

Chicago Department of Transportation. The Chicago Green Alley Handbook. Chicago:

City of Chicago, 2006, http://brandavenuc. type pad. com/brand_avenue/files/

greenalleyhandbook. pdf

Low Impact Development Manual for Michigan , http://www.swmpc.org/mi_lid_manual.

asp

Minnesota Urban Small Sites BMP Manual: Stormwater Best Management Practices,

https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/stormwater-best-management-practices-manual

Detroit Water Booklet

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