511 Budo International Martial Arts Magazine March 2025

Join the greats!

Dates: May 16, 17 and 18, 2025

Join the greats!

Dates: May 16, 17 and 18, 2025
BUDO MASTERS 2025
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Dates: May 16, 17 and 18, 2025

Pearls of the Warrior

“The good master desires no
reward more brilliant than this:
That of forming a disciple who
surpasses him.”

The metamorphosis of life
I
have never been very nostalgic. By nature I have always looked forward, which to my detriment
has led me to have a weak memory. It is only strong when it comes to emotionally intense situations,
moments in your life that manifest themselves as crossroads where things (and with them
oneself) change.
The end of a cycle, the beginning of a new one, are moments of great intensity, in which remaining
tied to memories only hinders our flow in existence.
The dimension of time, for practical purposes, only moves in one direction, forward. The other three
directions of evolution must however also be considered in the aforementioned tessituras, i.e. forward,
upward, inward and towards the whole. Anything that contradicts the natural flow of these directions
will be an inconvenient burden in the process of personal growth to which we are all committed, as long
as we know how to flow in a positive way.
From time to time, from the past, some pearl or other comes to us; sometimes they are the residues,
gravitational waves that, like traces of the stone that we once threw into the water, and after hitting the
limits of infinity, return in the form of unexpected disruption of the present. Unresolved things that knock
at your door, sometimes, not infrequently, with an inordinate intensity and certainly always extemporaneously.
Postponing them no longer works, nor does ignoring them, and all that remains is to resolve, and
generally to assume, the losses that every ending entails. And the fact is that the endings always come
in conspiracy with the energy that accompanies death, that even if they are for the good, the characteristics
of the presence of the grim reaper bring with them singular effects.
Nature abhors the emptiness that accompanies death, this is only a moment of passage in the dance
of the great forces; nevertheless this uncomfortable companion fulfills an essential function in the evolutionary
nature, that although ungrateful, we cannot skip.
The mourning it entails is therefore just and necessary, but just as ignoring it will not shorten it, extending
it, gloating over it, will not help us either. Faced with this, as with other great upheavals of our existence,
sailing light is always a good thing.
One, who has already built and built several houses throughout his life, knows well that keeping tons
of “things” or dragging them halfway around the world, is as useless as inappropriate. In the same way,
the endings must be accompanied by letting go of ballast; so that the new can arrive... You have to
make room!
When hearts are anchored in memories, nostalgia, or the past in general, all that remains is moaning
and sadness, bad companions, sticky vermin that consume the soul... in exchange for nothing. As Les
luthiers used to say “any time in the past... was before...”.
The past is only a synaptic reference altered in our minds by countless uncontrollable factors: memory
is nothing but a bad imitation of a reality, which, if already lived through the glasses of our preferences,
is reprocessed when we store it in such a way that its resemblance to our initial experience is usually
anecdotal. The brain is selfish and artful when it comes to choosing the re-reading and storage of our
experiences, so that all nostalgia is nothing more than sentimental self-masturbation. To live in the past
is to tie oneself to something imaginary, and as such not very different from a hallucinatory state; to live
in the past is not life, it is a drug.
From the lament of the cuckold, to the deification of the past, men have always tried to elevate their
memories to the altars, thus trying to value their finite experience, to give meaning to the precariousness
of our vital time.
Life is a one-way train, with the same terminus station for all. It is the journey in itself that is a
transforming experience, which only accumulates and is valued in the friction that wears us down,
reshapes us and refines us, leaving shavings of our being in each experience, which, like dead
skin, are left on the road.

That change is what shapes our spirit, the only eternal part of our being, that like
a butterfly makes us be born worms and so again and again break our cocoons ...
forward! upward! and in the end, towards the whole!
What a journey!
ITACA (KAVAFIS)
When you set out on the journey to Ithaca,
pray that the road is long,
full of adventures, full of knowledge.
Pray that the road be long,
that there may be many mornings
when you will enter a port
that your eyes did not know,
and go to cities,
to learn from those who know.
You must get there, it is your destiny,
but do not force the journey at all.
It is preferable that it lasts many years,
that you are old when you arrive at the island,
rich from all that you will have gained
by making the journey, without expecting
that it will give you more riches.
Ithaca has given you the beautiful journey,
without it you would not have departed.
And if it seems poor to you, it is not that Ithaca has deceived you.
has deceived you. Wise as you have become,
you will know what Ithaca means.
Farther, you must go, farther
From the fallen trees that now imprison you,
and when you have conquered them,
be mindful not to stop.
Farther, always go farther,
farther from today, which now fetters you.
And when you are freed,
begin again the new steps.
Farther, always much farther.
Farther away from the tomorrow that is now approaching.
And when you think you have arrived
Know how to find new paths.
Farther, always much farther,
farther away from the tomorrow that is now approaching,
and when you are liberated,
be mindful not to stop.
Good journey to the warriors
who are faithful to their people,
may the God of the winds favor
the sail of your ship,
and in spite of your ancient strife,
find pleasure in the most loving bodies.
Fill nets of dear stars
full of adventures,
full of knowledge.
Bon voyage to the warriors
if they are faithful to their people,
may the God of the winds favor
the sail of their ship,
and despite their ancient strife,
may love fill your generous body,
and find the paths of old longings,
full of adventures,
full of knowledge.

Enrique de Vicente interview to
Shidoshi Alfredo Tucci on his youtube channel
about Ebunto Japanese Shamanism
of the indigenous people of Japan

Tribute to Master Hiruma
I am in favor of paying tribute to people
during their lifetime, therefore, despite
the fact that I have not met the
Master Hiruma in person, I have got to
know him well through his students, the
author of this article, Miguel Morales,
and his Sempai Francisco Suarez, who
taught at the Hombu Dojo for many
years. Both of them give me a gentle,
humane, humble and affectionate
impression of their teacher. It has
always been said that one gets to know
teachers through their students; if this
is the impression Hiruma Sensei leaves
on others, how wonderful!
It was undoubtedly fate that led
Master Hiruma to start teaching
Karate at the Fujiyama gym, just one
block from my house, at 10 Rodriguez
San Pedro. It was in that beautiful dojo,
a reference for Martial Arts in Spain,
that I started to go around 1968 to
learn Judo. I'm sure that Hiruma Sensei
and I crossed paths more than once in
those days; if I remember correctly,
they trained after our class.
That was the first time I saw Karate
being done; nothing could indicate, nor
could anyone even imagine, the close
connection that this Art would have
with my life. Years later I would travel
to the Frankfurt Book Fair to obtain, for
the first time, from Kodansha, the
national publishing house of Japan, the
rights to translate and publish in
Spanish the books of Funakoshi Guichin,
father of Karate, and at the time, teacher
of Hiruma's teacher, Egami Sensei.

My life has always been linked to Japan and to
karate. In fact, at the moment, as well as the
magazine Cinturón Negro, I edit the magazine
KARATE.
Destiny weaves the meanderings of its whims
with a fine thread... that's why I didn't want to
miss the opportunity to answer its call, because
I firmly believe that despite the futility of things,
life and the people in it should be celebrated and
attended to in their maximum expression, both in
the small everyday things and in the most formal
and grand, through bullfighting gestures and
toasts to the sun.
I have known Miguel Morales for years, and my
brother Paco, Francisco Suarez, even longer, and
we also share a Japanese spiritual lineage.
Everything is explained when you know how to
look. The circle closes today; destiny has been
served; each piece takes its place and the hidden
reasons for this tangle become clear in the light
of the invitation extended months ago to Miguel
to pay homage to this great Master, living history
of karate in Spain and the world.
Hiruma Sensei deserves this recognition, this
cover, and this article, for a lifetime of impeccable
commitment to karate, from which he emerges
today as a worthy example, that is to say as
the master he is.
Alfredo Tucci
“Hiruma Sensei deserves this
recognition, this cover, and this
article, for a lifetime of impeccable
commitment to karate, from which
he emerges today as a worthy
example, that is to say as the
master he is.”

A life of mastery in Karate.
-First of all I would like to take this opportunity to
thank with all my heart or as they say in Japan with
all my kimochi (feeling) these almost forty years of
teaching, patience and friendship from my Master
Atsuo Hiruma.
I met Master Hiruma in 1986 at the Honbu Dojo,
which happened to be located in the neighborhood
where I lived. I still remember the charisma and
strong personality of the Master when I entered the
office of the gym. Since then, the bond has been
very close, almost bordering on a father-son relationship,
as I spent ten years working as a secretary
and assistant at the Honbu.
In my tribute I wanted to introduce him as a person
and not as a karateka. But it is inevitable to
make a small introduction, because, even if he is
the pioneer of karate in Spain, there will be many
people who do not know him and our School.
Master Hiruma was born in Kanagawa, Japan in
1941. He started practicing Judo and later, at the
age of fifteen, he entered the Dojo of Master
Egami, a direct student of Master Gichin
Funakoshi, who at that time directed the Shotokai
School.
They were very difficult times in post-war Japan.
Master Hiruma tells us that the streets were very
dangerous, there were many criminals and thugs
everywhere. So he decided to train in karate. He
remembers how strict and hard Master Egami was
with him and how this forged his character (the
same way I feel he did with me).
“Master Hiruma was born in
Kanagawa, Japan in 1941.
He started practicing Judo
and later, at the age of
fifteen, he entered the Dojo
of Master Egami, a direct
student of Master Gichin
Funakoshi”

It was 1966 when Master Hiruma came to Spain by boat from Japan, what an adventure!
On a stopover on his voyage in the Indian Ocean, while swimming in the sea, he heard
someone shouting from the boat: Shark! Shark! He didn't understand so he continued
swimming as if nothing had happened, until he realized that he was surrounded by sharks.
Fortunately his destination was elsewhere and he was saved from that predicament.
When the Master arrived in Spain, very little was known about karate here, and it was also
banned! But thanks to some contacts, and his hard work, it gradually became more popular,
to the point of ending up giving classes to the Security Forces and the Royal Household.
“It was 1966 when Master
Hiruma came to Spain by boat
from Japan”

For about twenty years he worked
in other dojos such as Fujiyama,
where great Shotokai karatekas such
as my Senpais Francisco Suárez,
Antonio López and Albert Gozlán
began their training.
In 1982 he managed to open his
own gym, the current Shotokan
Honbu Dojo, the main headquarters
in Europe of the Shotokai style.
Shotokai Karate is based on fluidity
and uninterrupted movements,
with very low and flexible postures,
giving great importance to physical
fitness, especially elasticity and flexibility,
as the movements and techniques
are very long.
In Shotokai Karate there is no
competition; Master Funakoshi did
not like competition and on inheriting
the direction of the school, Master
Egami followed that guideline. Later
on, Master Egami focused more on
the search for the “Do” (spiritual
path) part, giving maximum importance
to “Ki”, to harmony with one's
partner, emphasizing the aspects
related to karate as a path of Selfknowledge
of Peace and transcendence
of combat, through union with
the opponent instead of through
conflict.
Training in Shotokai Karate used to
be to the point of exhaustion, pushing
the limit, in order to break down
physical strength and tension and
thus be able to liberate the authentic
inner strength.
As a teacher, Hiruma Sensei has
always helped me to understand that
there are no limits, and that attitude
is what allows character to be forged.
Knowing my quarrelsome character,
he always told me: “Ninja! If
you get angry, you lose”.

“In Shotokai Karate there is no
competition; Master Funakoshi
did not like competition and on
inheriting the direction of the
school, Master Egami followed
that guideline.”

After all these years with him, I can only speak fondly of him. I really don't know why, but when I entered the Dojo at the
age of just fourteen, Master Hiruma took a liking to me somehow; maybe it was my desire to learn karate? The truth is
that the Master liked me. I was passionate about karate and the fact is that I went straight into the tough adult classes.
Over time, a deep relationship was built that goes beyond the usual teacher-student relationship as it is understood in
Spain. I started traveling with him to his courses throughout Spain and Portugal. This allowed me to see very quickly that
with his students he was a very strict person in the Dojo, but outside of it he was very warm and affectionate. Over the
years, I have seen him become more and more understanding and kind. Today the Master continues to teach how to avoid
conflict, reminding us that Karate is for peace.
Hiruma Sensei is a person who cares very much that all the students in his different schools feel unique, special and
loved by him. He is especially sensitive with children; there is nothing like seeing how much they love him in the courses
he teaches, and how they ask him after class to sign their karate gi lapels.

“Hiruma Sensei is a person who
cares very much that all the
students in his different schools
feel unique, special and loved by
him. He is especially sensitive with
children”

“At eighty-three years of age, he continues
to travel and give courses in America, Italy,
Portugal and all over Spain, as well as
returning to Japan every year to be with his
family and visit his friends.”

Hiruma is a person who loves tranquillity, self-care, good food and friendship. Even today, he still fasts regularly and
goes to the swimming pool three or four times a week, where we enjoy training and good conversations.
At eighty-three years of age, he continues to travel and give courses in America, Italy, Portugal and all over Spain, as
well as returning to Japan every year to be with his family and visit his friends.
Behind this Master with a stern and serious appearance as if straight out of a samurai movie, there is a great man, shy
and deeply involved in human relations. In fact, one of his phrases, which we all share at the school, is: “Karate and life is
an encounter” (sic).
Despite his age, the Master is still learning; when asked what most catches his attention at this point in his personal
work, he told me about the term “Gamaku”, an Okinawan term that refers to the center of the body, where all strength is
generated.
In Japanese martial arts, this same idea is known as koshi () in Chinese arts as kua (), and involves the muscle bundles
around the side, back, abdomen and pelvis that connect the upper and lower body. Although this seems to reflect
the Japanese term “koshi” (waist, hips, loin, lumbar), gamaku, like kua, implies the activation of balanced and interconnected
contractions and relaxations, rather than a mere physiological designation.

This study has often been linked more to schools
such as Goju Ryu, but the truth is that it has deep
Okinawan roots. This is also where terms such as
Chinkuchi come from, from the Okinawan dialect itself;
something that translates as “a single force” or “a
small force”. The etymology of the name is that of
great “power”, which can be demonstrated with just “a
little” movement, in Japanese known as kime.
The Master places special emphasis on the phenomena
involved in action-reaction, as well as on the
centrifugal and centripetal forces involved in the processes
of movement proper to Karate. Energy studies
form part of the essence of the Shoto Kai style; it is
well known that Master Egami had great power in the
use of his Ki, manifested far beyond his physical
strength, even when he was old and ill. Many stories
are told about him.
Like all the greats, Hiruma remains steadfast on his
path, an example for us all to follow.
Thank you very much, Master,
BANZAI! BANZAI! BANZAI!
Miguel Morales
“Energy studies are part of
the essence of the Shoto Kai
style; it is well known that
Master Egami possessed
great power in the use of his
Ki manifested far beyond his
physical strength, even when
he was older and sick.”

The life mastering
I saw hope for myself in everything that came from the East: Zen, yoga, meditation,
martial arts. I decided on karate and so I signed up for classes at the
Fujiyama gym. I started training with great enthusiasm and willpower.
Getting tired was not pleasant, but it gave me a purpose, a discipline, a sedation
to my torment. It was his purpose and his mastery that managed to greatly
calm my mental indiscipline, and although I did not understand many things, it
was my trust in him that always prevailed over other tribulations to continue on
the path.
The more I got to know him, the more my respect for him grew. He did all this
much more with his actions than with his words, which I never saw him use to
speak ill of any other teacher or style; this in particular is for me essential in what
I consider to be someone's mastery, even more than the technical explanation of
the system itself.
Thanks to him I got to know Japan and its people, as well as other great masters.
For 23 years I traveled the path with him, and it was generally a rewarding
journey with memorable companions, people, places and events.
I can only express my gratitude, and even though today I don't practice regularly,
the purpose I received from him has not diminished.
I am wholeheartedly grateful to him.
Thank you TEACHER.
KOKORO NO SOKOKARA ARIGATO GOZAIMASU O SENSEI
Francisco Suarez.
“It was his purpose and his mastery
that managed to greatly calm my
mental indiscipline, and although I
did not understand many things, it
was my trust in him that always
prevailed over other tribulations to
continue on the path.”

Martial Arts Evolution in the Modern Era
“Hwa Rang Do® is neither a style nor a system, but a Way of life.”
The general public and the martial arts community have always struggled to classify
Hwa Rang Do® within the traditional framework of martial arts styles. Is it kungfu?
No. Is it karate? No. Then what is it? This question has echoed for decades because
Hwa Rang Do defies categorization, blending an unparalleled breadth of techniques, philosophies,
and applications that go beyond the scope of most conventional martial arts.
When we began participating in open martial arts tournaments in the 1970s across
the United States, this ambiguity became both a challenge and a testament to the uniqueness
of our art. At these events, we faced stringent rules that restricted many
techniques fundamental to Hwa Rang Do. For instance, spinning kicks, a signature and
highly effective maneuver in our arsenal, were outright prohibited.

Only basic techniques, such as the front kick, side kick, roundhouse kick (what we refer
to as the chop kick), and back kick, were permitted. These limitations forced us to adapt
and conform to the standardized frameworks imposed by tournament organizers, who
were unfamiliar with the diversity and depth of our system.
Adding to the difficulty, we were not allowed to employ throws or takedowns, core elements
of our art’s dynamic versatility. As a new martial art in America with a relatively small
number of practitioners at the time, we had no choice but to adjust to these conventional
rules in order to compete. Despite these constraints, our students not only held
their ground but excelled, dominating the competition with sheer skill, discipline, and
adaptability.
The challenges extended beyond sparring. During the 70s, 80s, and even into the 90s,
Hwa Rang Do forms (hyung) were excluded from forms competitions at open tournaments.
Judges and organizers, unfamiliar with the complexity and fluidity of our movements,
had no criteria to properly evaluate them. Our forms, which combine grace, power,
and intricate transitions that reflect the art’s comprehensive nature, stood apart from the
rigid or repetitive patterns of other styles. Their uniqueness, rather than being celebrated,
was met with confusion.
“In the United States during the 1960s,
martial arts were synonymous with one
word: judo. At the time, Judo/Jujitsu
was the most prominent martial art
practiced in America, largely due to its
introduction by Japanese immigrants
and its Olympic debut.”

Hwa Rang Do has always stood as a martial art of
unparalleled comprehensiveness, integrating striking,
grappling, joint locks, weaponry, and internal
development into a cohesive whole. This made it
difficult for others to understand or label. Unlike
kungfu or karate, which are often confined to specific
regional traditions or technical specializations,
Hwa Rang Do’s philosophy embraces adaptability
and mastery of all ranges of combat. This holistic
approach is both its strength and the source of the
question: what exactly is it?
Our journey has always been about breaking
molds and transcending limitations, proving that
Hwa Rang Do is not defined by conventional labels.
Instead, it remains a dynamic, evolving martial art
rooted in tradition yet responsive to the challenges
of every era.

Hwa Rang Do has always existed at the intersection
of hard and soft, blending both approaches into a unified
system that defies traditional categorization.
Unlike karate, which is often associated with linear,
rigid, and powerful techniques, or kungfu, known for its
flowing, circular, and softer movements, Hwa Rang Do
is a hybrid. It combines the strength and directness of
hard styles with the adaptability and fluidity of soft
styles, creating a balanced and comprehensive martial
art. This unique blend challenged the martial arts
norms of the time and influenced the development of
open tournament structures in the decades that followed.
For instance, it was largely due to the influence of
Hwa Rang Do that, by the 1980s, open martial arts
tournaments introduced a combined hard/soft division
for forms competitions. Before this, forms were strictly
categorized into hard or soft styles, leaving no room for
arts like ours, which seamlessly integrate both principles.
This evolution in tournament rules reflected a growing
recognition of the need to accommodate martial
arts systems that did not conform to rigid classifications.
Hwa Rang Do’s existence and participation in
these events helped pave the way for a broader
understanding and acceptance of diverse martial arts
philosophies.
Much of what happens socially and how we perceive
the world is dictated by popular trends, and martial
arts are no exception. In the mid-20th century, the
global martial arts landscape was heavily influenced
by historical and cultural shifts, particularly the
legacy of Japanese imperialism. Having traveled
extensively across the world, I observed a common
pattern: in virtually every country, people’s martial
arts journeys began with either judo or karate. This
phenomenon is deeply rooted in history.
During the early 20th century, Japan’s imperial
expansion across East Asia, Southeast Asia, and even
as far as the Philippines brought its cultural practices,
including martial arts, to the forefront. Korea, under
Japanese occupation from 1910 to 1945, was also profoundly
affected. Traditional Korean martial arts were
suppressed, and Japanese systems like judo, kendo,
and karate were introduced and institutionalized. As
Japanese influence spread westward in the post-war
period, these arts became the foundation of martial
arts training in many parts of the world. The result was
a dominant narrative that positioned Japanese martial
arts as the standard, leaving little room for indigenous
or hybrid systems to gain recognition.

“Our journey has always been
about breaking molds and
transcending limitations,
proving that Hwa Rang Do is
not defined by conventional
labels”

This social and cultural fusion between
East and West accelerated after World
War II, as the West became fascinated
with Eastern philosophies and martial
practices. Karate, in particular, gained
immense popularity in the United States
and Europe during the 1950s and 60s,
partly due to its straightforward, disciplined
approach that appealed to
Western sensibilities. Judo, having
become an Olympic sport in 1964, further
cemented Japan’s martial arts
legacy on the global stage.
In contrast, Korea’s martial arts renaissance
came later, following its liberation
from Japan in 1945. Arts like taekwondo
and hapkido began to gain international
recognition, but Hwa Rang Do, with its
comprehensive approach and deep historical
roots in Korea’s ancient traditions,
stood apart. Its philosophy and techniques
were shaped not by the confines of
Japanese influence but by the broader
legacy of the Hwarang warriors of ancient
Silla, who emphasized a balance of
physical prowess, mental discipline, and
spiritual growth.
As the martial arts community became
more exposed to Hwa Rang Do’s distinctive
qualities, it began to challenge the
dominance of rigid categorizations like
"hard" versus "soft" or "Japanese" versus
"Chinese." By blending hard, linear
strikes with soft, circular movements;
integrating grappling, throws, and joint
locks; and emphasizing internal development
alongside external techniques, Hwa
Rang Do represented a new paradigm in
martial arts. Its influence not only changed
the way tournaments were structured
but also broadened the martial arts
community's understanding of what a
martial art could be.

In the United States during the 1960s, martial arts were synonymous
with one word: judo. At the time, Judo/Jujitsu was the most
prominent martial art practiced in America, largely due to its introduction
by Japanese immigrants and its Olympic debut. This
popularity was so pervasive that the Yellow Pages, the primary
resource for local business listings, categorized all martial arts
under the singular heading of "Judo." This practice persisted well
into the 1970s, reflecting the limited awareness and understanding
of martial arts diversity among the American public. It wasn’t
until the 1980s that the broader term “Martial Arts” replaced
“Judo” in popular directories, acknowledging the growing variety
of martial arts styles being practiced across the country.
A pivotal shift in this landscape came in the mid-1970s when
one man revolutionized the perception of martial arts in the United
States: Bruce Lee. Lee’s meteoric rise to fame, fueled by his magnetic
presence in films like The Big Boss (1971), Fist of Fury
(1972), and Enter the Dragon (1973), captivated audiences and
sparked a martial arts phenomenon unlike anything the country
had seen before. Bruce Lee’s incredible speed, precision, and
charisma turned the focus of martial arts in the U.S. away from
grappling and ground techniques toward striking arts—kicking
and punching in dynamic, explosive ways.
Before Lee’s influence, many Americans associated martial arts
with the throwing, pinning, and grappling techniques characteristic
of Judo/Jujitsu. These practices, while effective, often seemed
less glamorous or exciting to the uninitiated. Bruce Lee changed
that perception entirely. He embodied the ideal of a martial artist
as a graceful, powerful, and highly skilled fighter, moving with an
elegance that combined traditional martial arts principles with
modern athleticism. His work not only fueled a surge of interest in
martial arts but also reshaped its image from a niche activity to a
widespread cultural phenomenon.
In this environment, Americans began to crave martial arts that
emphasized dynamic striking techniques over grappling and
groundwork. Schools teaching karate, taekwondo, kickboxing,
and kungfu thrived as the public gravitated toward these strikingbased
systems, inspired by Bruce Lee’s onscreen displays of
martial prowess. The martial arts landscape in the United States
was undergoing a profound transformation, with Lee at its center.
“For instance, it was largely due to
the influence of Hwa Rang Do that,
by the 1980s, open martial arts
tournaments introduced a combined
hard/soft division for forms
competitions”

“Bruce Lee’s incredible
speed, precision, and
charisma turned the focus
of martial arts in the U.S.
away from grappling and
ground techniques toward
striking arts—kicking and
punching in dynamic,
explosive ways.”
It was against this backdrop of rapid change
and growing enthusiasm for martial arts that my
father, Dr. Joo Bang Lee emigrated from South
Korea to the United States in 1972, bringing with
him the ancient art of Hwa Rang Do. Steeped in
the rich history of Korea’s warrior culture, Hwa
Rang Do represented not just a martial art but a
way of life, blending physical mastery with ethical
and spiritual development. Dr. Lee envisioned
sharing this comprehensive system with the
world, introducing a martial art that balanced
hard and soft techniques, striking and grappling,
physical combat, and personal growth.
Dr. Lee’s mission was both ambitious and challenging.
The social landscape of the 1970s
favored the theatrical aspects of martial arts—
kicks, punches, and flashy techniques popularized
by Hollywood movies. Hwa Rang Do, while
incorporating all of these elements, also emphasized
principles that transcended mere combat.
It was deeply rooted in the legacy of the
Hwarang, an elite group of warrior-scholars from
Korea’s Silla Dynasty who trained in martial arts,
poetry, ethics, and spiritual discipline. This holistic
philosophy set Hwa Rang Do apart from
many other martial arts of the time, which were
often narrowly focused on specific techniques or
combat sports.

Dr. Lee’s arrival in the United States during this
martial arts renaissance marked the beginning of a
long journey to establish Hwa Rang Do as a respected
and recognized martial arts system. His dedication
to preserving its authenticity while adapting to
the evolving martial arts culture of America was a
testament to his vision. At a time when many martial
arts schools were reshaping their curriculums to
align with fleeting popular trends and commercial
demands, Dr. Joo Bang Lee stood unwavering in his
dedication to preserving the full breadth and profound
depth of Hwa Rang Do. He refused to compromise
its integrity, understanding that Hwa Rang Do
was far more than just a style or system of martial
arts—it was a holistic way of life, designed to cultivate
the complete human being. Its purpose extended
beyond physical combat, emphasizing the pursuit
of moral and ethical excellence, personal discipline,
and the realization of our highest potential as
individuals. For Dr. Lee, Hwa Rang Do was a transformative
path, empowering practitioners to harmonize
body, mind, and spirit in service of a greater
good. His steadfast commitment ensured that Hwa
Rang Do remained a living philosophy, offering not
just techniques for self-defense but a timeless framework
for maximizing human potential and embodying
a life of honor and virtue.

Ultimately, both Bruce Lee and Dr. Joo Bang Lee played transformative roles in
shaping the martial arts landscape of the United States. Bruce Lee brought martial
arts into the mainstream, sparking interest and excitement that opened the
door for other styles to emerge. Dr. Joo Bang Lee introduced a martial art that
offered not only combat effectiveness but also a path to personal growth and
enlightenment. Together, they contributed to the rich and diverse martial arts culture
we know today.
This evolution underscores the broader truth that martial arts, like society
itself, are shaped by history, culture, and the forces of globalization. Hwa Rang
Do’s emergence and impact illustrate the importance of preserving and adapting
tradition while challenging the boundaries of convention to create something
entirely new.
“Bruce Lee brought martial arts into the
mainstream, sparking interest and
excitement that opened the door for other
styles to emerge. Dr. Joo Bang Lee
introduced a martial art that offered not
only combat effectiveness but also a path
to personal growth and enlightenment.”

COMBAT JUDO
Milan, Italy's first gym where Kali, Silat and Jkd were practiced.
Preliminary interview to accept people to the course
Me: Have you practiced martial arts before ?
Him: No , Only judo for a few years
Me: But judo is a martial art
Him: Ah, yes ... well ... more ... a sport maybe
Considerations like these have not been uncommon in the past.
Judo achieved planetary fame by sacrificing, day after day, its martial side. Yet until the 1970s
judo on a par with karate were respectable activities on the level of physical preparation psychomotor
education and above all self-defense. At a certain point, unfortunately, within the various
Dojos, self-defense was practiced separately, forgetting that the martial art that was being practiced,
perhaps for several years already, was self-defense. If we take a look at the text of Moshe
Feldenkrais, founder of Judo Club France in Paris and the first black belt in Judo in Europe, we
can see that a whole series of techniques existed at that time that are completely absent in the
curricula today.
I am referring to neck holds with risk of injury to the cervical spine, ankle twists, leg holds to
leverage the entire spine, strangulations either with the lapel or with the hands or forearm, strikes
in sensitive areas of the body called atemi. In addition, defenses from knife attack, stick and even
defense activities against multiple opponents were studied.
My Judo master Giorgio Ciampi (7th Dan who passed away in 2023) belonged to this old school,
he was ready to challenge anyone especially if you said you were doing martial arts. He did not
care what discipline the other practiced, he always wanted to verify his words on the tatami then
we would go to dinner together.
One incident gives insight into the spirit of judo at the time.
Having retired from the police force, Master Ciampi was offered the management of a jewelry
store in the center of Milan. One day two individuals with guns entered to enact a robbery. Maestro
raised his hands, unable to do anything, but that situation of helplessness made him “mount a
great anger inside.” Second by second, his impatience with that situation grew until, unable to
resist any longer, he lunged at one of the two, violently projecting him to the ground as the other
prepared to intervene by firing his weapon and wounding Master Ciampi in the hand. Despite the
fact that the bullet had pierced the limb, the Judoka removed the scarf he wore around his neck
and strangled the assailant until he was unconscious. He immediately called his former colleagues
to the station, and in the span of a few minutes they caught up with him, watching in amazement
and admiration as despite the wound he had bundled up and stunned both assailants.

This is what real judo is all about.
When I teach Southeast Asian martial arts classes I often invite my students to watch videos of Judo great master
Mifune so that they can observe the essence of real Judo. However, the gentleness of the movements, the ease with which
he executes projections, the absence of a military garb, and the lack of villainous grimaces, calls into question the actual
value of the one who in my eyes is an outclassman.
Nice but in reality I don't know if this can work

Answered by some
I read on a martial arts forum that that dance is fine in the gym, but the reality is something else entirely....
As usual, people believe more and more in the lamb dressed as a lion and less and less in the lion dressed as a lamb.
If we read Feldenkrais' interview about Master Mifune we would immediately change our minds. The Japanese man in
his youth was a “hothead” and loved to prove himself by picking fights with the worst offenders, regardless of number or
whether they were armed. Jigoro Kano (creator of Judo) himself had to use his influence as a government man to get him
out of prison.

Coming from Calabria, I found myself spending the most dangerous years of a man's life (adolescence) in the hottest
place in Italy and perhaps Europe: the Milan of the Lead Years. Judo saved me several times from situations that were
embarrassing to say the least.
Just as I have to admit that I had karateka friends who needed only one blow, just one blow, to knock out an even armed
enforcer. Other years, other way of training. Today if one takes a blow to the nose and sees a little bit of blood he changes
discipline. I, when I was 13 years old, had my arm broken in a judo competition and was crying to convince my father
so that after the long hospital stay was over I could return to the Dojo. Later in the years Master Matagay (Arnis de mano
bodyguard of Marcos) would also break my arm again, in that case, however, I was old enough to decide for myself, and
I decided to finish the class before going to the hospital. I recognize today that this was not a wise decision, but the trai-

ning school at that time provided a sense of sacrifice. Let us return to Judo as a Martial Art. If we search the manuals circulated
among the military during World War II especially the British and North American ones we often see the title Combat Judo.
Giving a quick glance at the text and photos in the books we recognize classic Judo techniques such as O soto Gari, O goshi
Ippon seoi nage, but most of all we notice an infinity of joint levers either to reduce the other to helplessness or to disarm the opponent
armed with stick, knife, revolver and even bayonet. Now here we find a second point much debated in keyboard pundits: joint
levers do not work, disarms do not work, against the knife nothing can be done much less against the gun. Working often with the
military (and to think that my initial training was on the opposite bank) I have learned one thing: in that world one spends time and
money only on what works-valid principle especially in times of war. It is easily deduced that training the military in judo and disarmament
techniques even against firearms had to serve a purpose otherwise no one would spend valuable time and resources. By

this one does not want to believe in movie fictions where everything is all too easy, however
the experience of those in war, in hand-to-hand combat survived tells us that the
study of combat judo saved their lives in a real conflict.
Judo took, rightly or wrongly, another path: sports, attention to children (which is also
commendable) but paid a rather high price: it sacrificed its heart as Budo. Unfortunately,
with the passing of masters such as the aforementioned M°Giorgio Ciampi and The late
M° Cesare Barioli, the essence of Budo is moving further and further away from judo.
The change we are witnessing within modern judo, spectacular and made by extraordinary
judoka, has allowed the different forms of ju jiutsu to resurrect occupying a space
that at least in the first decades of judo's birth were the domain of judo itself.
Combat Judo also has the characteristic of being practiced in service clothing or, as
many photos show, shirtless also to show that a jacket or kimono to attach to is not
necessary to practice it. The judo I refer to is very similar to the Silat I have been studying
for 40 years indeed if I had not recognized within it common principles I might never
have approached the Southeast Asian martial art.
Undoubtedly in Feldenkrais Close Combat the part of the original judo is preponderant
and it is not excluded that many military manuals were inspired precisely by the work
Moshe Feldenkrais had done in England during World War II. A period in which he divided
his time as a scientist engaged in the study of sonar and as a teacher to teach handto-hand
combat to the last European troops opposing Hitler.

obcKW=√ j^iqbR
“Larga Mano” (Long Hand) simply means long-distance combat, a
method that teaches you to stay away from your opponent and hurt him
without even entering the hand-to-hand distance. In a way, the Filipino
people were ahead of the times, perhaps because, little conditioned by
their traditions, they suffered many invasions and, frequently, their
habits and customs were altered. But they knew how to turn
their misfortune into advantage, and they learned to
absorb and integrate everything that could be useful
and increase effectiveness. Their Martial Arts are an
excellent example of this. Philippine Arts masters
did not pose the problem of remaining tied to
such or such custom, but without hesitation,
integrated into their own systems personal
experiences of Karate or Japanese Judo,
Western Boxing, Silat of neighboring
Indonesia and the ancient traditions
linked to Scrima, the art of self-defense
perfected in the Italian peninsula.
When the Philippine Arnis spread in the
West, to distinguish it from Fencing, it
was called "the living hand fencing",
because the hand that did not hold the
weapon, actively collaborated in the
actions of defense and offense. Thus, the
difference between the two systems, the East
and the West, is that in Olympic fencing, the
unarmed hand is kept safe and used at most to
balance the impulse in assaults; in Arnis the
unarmed hand is alive and active.
In this work, Professor Maltese shows us the basic
positions, defenses and fundamental attacks, guard exercises,
blocking, crossing and counterattack in Redondo, the fifth, seventh,
eighth and contras defenses, dynamic training and free combat exercises
with protections. We will also see the bag training (blows, blockades and
counterattacks) and a final chapter dedicated to Sword and Dagger, the
Italian art in the Philippine Kali, executed with authentic weapons.
All DVDs, wichi is produced by Budo International, si provided and alone in the
formats DVD-5 or MPEG-2, in VCD, DivX or the like is however neves offered with
a special holograma sticker. Besides our DVD is characteristed coverings by the
hig quality in pressure and material. If this DVD and/or the DVD covering do not
corespond to the requirements specified above, it concerns illegal pirat copy.
ORDERS:
Budo international.com

obcKW=√ kls^S
More than a century ago, in our cities, men of
different social classes still resorted to sword and
saber duels to settle their disputes and in the streets
one could meet thugs and muggers ready to use a
knife. Times when it was common for a
gentleman to leave the house with his
cane, often animated, i.e. equipped
with a hidden blade. Starting from
the treatise of Master G.
Martinelli (1908) "Trattato di
scherma con bastone da
passeggio" interpreted and
integrated according to the
methodology of the Nova
Scrimia, masters
Chiaramonte, Galvani,
Girlanda and Proietti
present a complete work
on the use of the cane,
which even today can be
extremely valid and
effective. For cane fencing,
Martinelli draws inspiration
from the Italian school of saber,
with a classical approach, as
well as boxing as a means of selfdefense:
guard, strikes, parries,
feints, spinning and circling steps,
jumps, strong blows to the hand, arm, groin
and terrifying jabs to the face. The stick placed in
good hands is as good as a saber. Of course, it does
not cut or pierce, it does not kill, but it brings to reason
and, if necessary, brings even the fiercest offender to
his knees.
All DVDs, wichi is produced by Budo
International, si provided and alone in the
formats DVD-5 or MPEG-2, in VCD, DivX or the
like is however neves offered with a special
holograma sticker. Besides our DVD is
characteristed coverings by the hig quality in
pressure and material. If this DVD and/or the
DVD covering do not corespond to the
requirements specified above, it concerns illegal
pirat copy.
ORDERS:
Budo international.com

A Message from Avi Nardia
Recent Events and Professional Direction
Having recently returned from Israel following the October 7, 2023 Massacre attacks, the critical importance of professional
security training and preparedness has never been more evident. These events reinforce our commitment to maintaining
the highest standards in security education and combat readiness.
Professional Focus Statement
In 2022, I made the decisive choice to concentrate exclusively on professional teams, moving away from recreational
training. This decision reflects our dedication to maintaining the highest standards in security education and combat preparation.
Our Philosophy
As Heraclitus wisely noted:
"Out of every one hundred men, ten should not even be there, eighty are just targets, nine are the real fighters, and we
are lucky to have them, for they make the battle. Ah, but the one, one is a warrior, and he will bring the others back."
This ancient wisdom resonates deeply with our mission. True understanding comes not from mere knowledge accumulation,
but from dedicated practice and genuine comprehension.
From my letter explaining on 2022
I want to start this letter with few wise words by Heraclitus, which for thousands of years have been an inspiration to
those who wanted to hear them.
• Much learning does not teach understanding.
• Knowledge is not intelligence.
• Those who love wisdom must investigate many things.
• Big results require big ambitions.
To a swordsman nothing is more important than honor and respect. Years in martial arts have taught me that the story
of the noble 47 Ronin was not just a myth but rather a story of a road chosen by those who were committed to the way
of the warriors. Between talk and actions there is a big gap and not many could “talk the talk and walk the walk”.
Nowadays in the era of social media everyone is allowed to “talk” and express his opinion, which many times is far from
the “walk”. There are many quotes and phrases out there, which at the end of the day do not reflect the reality of those
who stand behind them. The word Budo has never been so abused as it is today.
In my own experience after following many respectable teachers, building my name and myself and bringing honor and
respect to Israeli Martial Arts I can say that a lot of people miss the real knowledge either due to their own ignorance and
limitations or because they only want to adjust the history and knowledge to suit their own needs and interests.
After I met sensei Morio Higaonna and saw a demonstration of his martial art it became clear to me that his teaching
was truly unique and that in order to really understand and learn martial arts I had to travel to Japan. My practice ranged
from karate to judo, jujitsu, kendo and many other martial arts including shiatsu in order to better understand the mechanism
of a human body. During those long years studying in Japan, I have seen many foreigners coming for a week to study
the “samurai way” leaving Japan with an overwhelming and inflated feeling of being samurais incarnate. Some of them
have stayed and studied and followed their teachers for many years. They have understood that teachers are the one who
make the system and not vice versa, not the federations and especially not some business methods and plans.

You all know that nowadays many people call themselves
Kapap teachers but just as a dog has four legs and a
tail, so does a cat. If you call a cat a dog it doesn’t change
the fact that it is still a cat.
In the light of the everything written above its was my
decision to dismiss all my students and instructors that are
not following the way that Inasked. Many of you have chosen
a different road, many of you do not contribute to Avi
Nardia Academy at all. So, find your own path and do
whatever you want, some of you daydream and some of
you got lost in your own dreams and act against my integrity
as a teacher. This modern world has something to
offer to everyone and you are all free birds to fly in whatever
direction you want. At the same time, I am also a free
eagle to fly away. My goal is to fly with the eagles and not
with the chickens. I would rather have one proper student
than many confused ones and the ones who are heading
in the wrong direction.

As I respect each one of you and your right to explore different ways it is important to stress that
I as a teacher have put all of you before my personal life and family and it is time to stop with this
practice. This is why I want to set you all free and say “One person is ten thousand to me, if he is
the best.”
As Heraclitus Said about Soldiers:
“Out of every one hundred men, ten should not even be there, eighty are just targets, nine are the
real fighters, and we are lucky to have them, for they make the battle. Ah, but the one, one is a
warrior and he will bring the others back.”

Avi Nardia Security Consulting
Core Services
Strategic Security Solutions
- Executive and VIP Protection
- Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Management
- Global Security Program Development
- Advanced Tactical Training
- Counter-Terrorism Preparedness
- Crisis Management and Response

Professional Training Programs
Specialized instruction for:
- Law Enforcement Organizations
- Military Special Forces Units
- SWAT and Tactical Teams
- Corporate Security Departments
- Private Security Companies
Combat and Tactical Expertise
- Close Distance Combat (CDC)
- Close Quarters Battle (CQB)
- Advanced Firearms Operations
- Tactical Integration
- Use of Force and Legal Compliance

Integrated Defense Systems
- Traditional and Modern Martial Arts Integration
- Advanced Weapons Systems Training
- Tactical Response Protocols
- Combat Psychology and Stress Management
The Kensei Philosophy
Our methodology embodies the Kensei ("sword saint")
principle, integrating:
- Technical Excellence
- Tactical Decision Making
- Ethical Leadership
- Mental Resilience
- Professional Development

Professional Standards
- International Certification Programs
- Comprehensive Documentation
- Operational Analysis
- Continuing Education
An Avi Nardia Security Consulting
Enterprise
Headquarters:
United States & Serbia Headquarters
Our Commitment
We maintain unwavering dedication to:
- Professional Excellence
- Ethical Practice
- Practical Application
- Continuous Improvement
- Real-World Effectiveness

L'Okichitaw est un art martial indigène basé sur les méthodes de
combat des guerriers des nations indiennes Assiniboine et Cri des
Plaines. Dans cette compilation, le chef George J. Lépine nous initie à
l'utilisation de trois des armes les plus redoutées des guerriers indiens
: la massue Gunstock, le Tomahawk et le couteau. Le Gunstock
Warclub était l'une des armes d'impact les plus puissantes,
car en plus de frapper avec une force incroyable, il
pouvait aussi couper ou poignarder. En raison de sa
ressemblance avec un fusil, le Gunstock Warclub
était également utilisé pour faire croire à
l'ennemi qu'il était en possession d'armes à
feu. Le Tomahawk de combat était l'une
des armes les plus prisées des guerriers,
un instrument que l'histoire a inscrit
dans nos esprits comme étant agressif
et impitoyable. Le chef Lépine explique
en détail les concepts de base du
Tomahawk, l'entraînement, le lancer,
les 20 mouvements, les applications
de défense et d'attaque, et les
contre-techniques. Enfin, nous
découvrirons la méthode
traditionnelle d'entraînement au
maniement du couteau « Mokiman »,
seul, en profitant de ce que la nature
nous offre, les arbres, le sol, l'eau, ... afin
de développer une mécanique corporelle
optimale pour offrir le maximum d'impact à
l'adversaire. Avec ce travail, Okichitaw
continue d'honorer les traditions indigènes
pour s'assurer non seulement que ces
connaissances demeurent, mais aussi que nous
continuons à nous déplacer de la même manière que
nos ancêtres.
Ref.: • OKICHITAW-3
All DVDs, wichi is produced by Budo International, si
provided and alone in the formats DVD-5 or MPEG-2, in
VCD, DivX or the like is however neves offered with a
special holograma sticker. Besides our DVD is
characteristed coverings by the hig quality in pressure and
material. If this DVD and/or the DVD covering do not
corespond to the requirements specified above, it concerns
illegal pirat copy.

Grand Master Martin Sewer presents in this work a complete
course of Bak Hok Pai, the style of the white crane. The crane
is an elegant animal. With its white feathered robe, one
moment it stands like a ruler, guarding its territory. The next
moment, it flaps its wings and moves forward at lightning
speed. Although everyone has a clear picture of this
graceful creature in their mind, most find it
difficult to imagine this great bird in a fight.
How does a crane actually fight when
threatened? Like all animal styles, the
crane style was created by studying
the animal's strategies and tactics
during a fight and transferring
them to humans. This also gave
rise to the five animal styles that
have stood the test of time and
are taught in my school today:
Tiger, Crane, Snake, Leopard
and Dragon. Mastering all
these animal styles and the
elements that go with them
makes one a perfect human
being, say the legends of Kung
Fu, and it is naturally part of the
philosophy of a true warrior to
want to constantly improve and
achieve perfection. Although the
knowledge/skill of the five animals
belongs to advanced levels, four of
the mentioned styles are even
accessible to beginners in the form of
seminars. In them, eager students not only
get a deeper insight into our Hung Gar, but also
learn the first fighting techniques of the respective
animal style, and the most common comment is: "I
would not have thought that these techniques could be so
efficient...!".
obcKW=√ pbtboJS
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International, si provided and alone in the
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like is however neves offered with a special
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ORDERS:
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Weapons in action
“In the midst of the operation, where the tension is tangible and every decision can
mean life or death, one truth becomes indisputably clear: it is not the weapons themselves
that pose the greatest danger, but the people behind them. Their professionalism,
their ability to act and, above all, their willingness to take responsibility are of
immeasurable importance. The conscious handling of these instruments of power
thus becomes a fundamental art that goes beyond mere survival and is capable of
shaping the destiny of entire worlds."
“In situations where seconds can mean the
difference between life and death, one truth
becomes unmistakably clear:
It is not the weapons that pose the
greatest danger, but the people who use
them. Their professionalism,
their judgment, and their willingness to take
responsibility make the crucial difference.”

Weapons in use:
Responsibility and precision
“In the heated moments of an operation, when every second
counts and every decision can mean the difference between life
and death, one truth becomes clear: it is not the weapons that
pose the greatest threat, but the people who use them. Their professionalism,
judgment and, above all, their willingness to take
responsibility are of the utmost importance. The conscious and
responsible handling of these powerful tools becomes an indispensable
skill that goes far beyond mere survival and
can determine the fate of entire situations and even
communities.”
Weapons as tools: More than
just instruments of violence
Weapons such as pistols, batons or stun
guns are not mere instruments of violence,
but tools that require precision and caution.
Their primary function is to protect life and
maintain public order. Ensuring this requires
more than technical skill – it requires a deep
ethical awareness. In the hands of a welltrained
professional, a weapon can help
prevent escalation and de-escalate dangerous
situations. But without the right training
or if used improperly, it can quickly
become a danger with unpredictable consequences.
A special responsibility also lies with the
instructors who are responsible for training
the security forces. They are the source that
ensures knowledge is passed on accurately
and effectively. The success of the training
depends on their ability to not only teach
technical skills but also instill the right sense of
responsibility. Their job is to ensure that every
person who carries a weapon understands the
difference between control and power.

Training and preparation: more
than technique
The correct use of weapons requires much more
than just technical knowledge. It is about keeping a
clear head even in the most hectic moments and
developing the ability to make the right decision in a
matter of seconds. Therefore, comprehensive and
regular training is essential. This training goes
beyond the practical use of the weapon and also
includes an understanding of the legal and moral framework
in which it may be used.
A crucial factor here is control over one's own
emotions. Those who can keep calm in stressful
situations have the best chance of avoiding escalation
and defusing the situation. Without this ability,
even the best technical training is useless. It is about
correctly assessing the threat, examining alternatives
and only considering the use of the weapon when all
other means have failed. Self-control is key here –
without it, the weapon becomes a risky solution instead
of a safe tool.
Power and responsibility:
A balancing act
Power and responsibility are two terms that are
often misunderstood or confused. A weapon confers
power, but with that power comes a great responsibility.
A security officer must understand the legal
aspects of the use of force in detail and always act in
accordance with the principles of proportionality and
subsidiarity. It is about mastering a balancing act –
between the need to ensure security and respect for
the rights of others.
The use of a weapon must never be a sign of
strength or aggression, but must always aim to protect
lives and minimize danger. A well-trained and
responsible person understands that the use of force
is only justified as a last resort and taking into
account all the circumstances. The true strength of a
professional is not seen in quickly reaching for a
weapon, but in the ability to control a situation so
that it does not escalate in the first place.

The future of security: responsibility as a foundation
In an environment where conflicts can escalate rapidly, the conscious handling of weapons is an indispensable part of the training
of security forces. It is not just about technical skills, but also about the ability to choose the right level of force in every
situation – or, in the best case, to avoid it altogether.
The future of security will depend on a culture of responsible action, in which weapons are seen as tools of protection, not
symbols of power. This goal can only be achieved through sound training and a deep understanding of the ethical and legal
dimensions of the use of weapons. This ensures that security forces are not only willing to carry out their duties, but also do so
with the necessary prudence and integrity.

Conclusion: Weapons as a means of protection, not violence
“It is not the weapon that decides, but the hand and the mind that guides it.” This statement captures the essence of
responsible use of weapons. A weapon is ultimately only a tool – whether it offers protection or causes harm depends on
the knowledge, training and inner attitude of the person wielding it. The mind must control the tool, not the other way
around. If this is not the case, it indicates inadequate training or a lack of emotional control. Relying on the weapon as the
only solution is the wrong approach. The motto is: “My weapon is my mind, my firearm is just a tool.”

Commando Krav Maga

Commando Krav Maga

Commando Krav Maga

Reflections on the Haragei (): Me-komi Seido
() on Battōjutsu ()
“The wise can discover the world without crossing its threshold.
He sees without looking, realizes without acting.”
– Laozi
The phrase by Laozi (also known as
Lao Zi , Lao-Tzu or Lao-Tze), the legendary
author of the Tao Te Ching, encapsulates
the spirit of the Taoist concept
of wu wei - effortless action, in perfect
harmony with the natural flow of the
universe. This principle, which values
efficiency and the absence of resistance,
finds a fascinating correspondence
in the teachings of Me-komi Seido and
Haragei, practices that explore internal
balance and total awareness as pillars
for technical and martial effectiveness.
In the context of Japanese martial
arts, (Haragei) represents an indepth
study of the mastery of bioenergy,
based on the concept of ki (vital
energy). This practice is based on conscious
breathing and harmonious interaction
with the natural elements - air,
water, fire and earth. The quality of the
ki emanating from each movement is
intrinsically linked to the control of
inhalation and exhalation, making breathing
an essential tool for technical
mastery.

Reflections on the Haragei (): Me-komi Seido () on Battōjutsu ()

During one class, Shidoshi Jordan Augusto explored the practical application of Haragei no Battōjutsu (), highlighting
its relevance in the search for the ideal combination of speed and precision when handling the sword. He emphasized
the importance of maintaining the balance of the body center during fast cuts, an essential element for preserving technical
efficiency even in situations of high physical and mental demand. In Battōjutsu, fluidity and impact are intertwined, with precision
and speed being fundamental to technical excellence.
However, as movements become faster, it is common for fine motor coordination to be compromised, resulting in a loss of
precision. This natural challenge requires a solution that goes beyond physical strength and muscle control - it demands mastery
of internal energy. At this point, Haragei offers a unique approach that integrates breathing, concentration and the flow
of ki to counteract this tendency and ensure stability in movement.
By aligning body movement with the internal flow of energy, the practitioner is able to preserve both the direction and
strength of the cut, even under adverse conditions. The practice of Haragei teaches that conscious breathing and control of
the energy center located in the Hara not only stabilize the body, but also connect mind and sword, promoting precise and
impactful technical execution.

More than a technique, Haragei and Me-komi
Seido - translated as “filling the eyes with precision”
- offer a philosophy. The practice goes beyond the
physical, allowing the practitioner to transcend natural
limitations and reach a higher level of fluidity and
stability. Just as the Laozi sage acts effortlessly, the
Haragei practitioner transforms challenge into
opportunity, uniting intention and action in a harmonious
and effective expression.
The Depth of (Me-komi Seido):
Between the Abstract and the Concrete
One of the most fascinating aspects explored in
class was the study of the techniques known as
(Me-komi Seido), translated as “filling the
eyes with precision”. This practice combines mindfulness
of the present moment with activation of
the Hara - the energy center located in the abdominal
region. By contracting or relaxing the Hara,
synchronized with controlled breathing, the practitioner
adjusts their technique almost intuitively,
achieving a high degree of technical refinement
and concentration.

“In the context of Japanese martial
arts, (Haragei) represents an indepth
study of the mastery of
bioenergy, founded on the concept of
ki (vital energy).”
Me-komi Seido reflects an essential truth: total attention to the present moment is the key to
technical excellence. This methodology, when combined with the control of the Hara, creates an
intrinsic connection between intention and action, between the abstract and the concrete. When
the practitioner synchronizes the contraction of the Hara with deep, rhythmic breathing, he
adjusts his technique instinctively, achieving maximum precision in the cut.
This technique is not limited to practical execution, but transcends the technical field, establishing
a philosophical bridge between the abstract and the concrete. On an abstract level, Me-komi
Seido represents the precise and anticipated visualization of the movement before its execution.
It is in this mental space that the practitioner imagines not only the cut, but feels, in detail, the
path of the blade, the desired impact and the energy needed to make it.

The abstract, in this context, encompasses:
1. The idea or mental plan: Before making the cut, the practitioner
mentally constructs the ideal movement. Not only
does he see the target, but he conceives the trajectory of the
blade, the force, the balance and even the end result. This
visualization stage is purely abstract, as it has not yet been
physically realized.
2. The connection with the invisible: Abstraction includes
intangible elements such as energy, intention and internal balance.
These aspects, although not visible or measurable, are crucial
to the perfect execution of the movement.
Me-komi Seido also finds its expression on a concrete level,
when inner visualization is transformed into action. The contraction
of the Hara, synchronized with breathing and the movement
of the body, gives form to the intention. At that moment, the abstract
materializes: the cut ceases to be just an idea and becomes
a precise execution, with impact and direction perfectly
aligned with the practitioner's internal energy. This integration
between mind, body and sword reflects the harmony between
what is conceived and what is realized.
The concrete aspect of Me-komi Seido emerges the moment
abstraction is transformed into physical action, which manifests
itself in various ways:
1. The technical execution: The cut, the impact of the blade
and the body posture represent the material realization of what
has been mentally constructed on the abstract level.
2. Observable precision: Unlike visualization, on the concrete
level precision can be measured - the trajectory of the blade, the
angle of the cut and the effect on the target are physical evidence
of the movement performed.
3. Body-target alignment: The synchronization between the
contraction of the Hara, motor coordination and breathing gives
shape to the concept, transforming intention into reality.
Thus, the abstract plane in Me-komi Seido is the foundation
on which the practitioner prepares mentally, projecting the perfection
of the movement. This foundation is realized at the
moment of action, when the body, breath and energy converge
to transform intention into reality.
This interaction between the abstract and the concrete
symbolizes the essence of Me-komi Seido: the perfect balance
between imagining and acting, between anticipating and realizing,
between mentally planning and executing with absolute
precision.

Therefore, Me-komi Seido is not just a martial technique, but also a practical lesson on how
to integrate the abstract and the concrete to achieve excellence. It reminds us that true technical
mastery is achieved when intention and action become one, in perfect harmony. This
transition process, which connects the abstract (idea, intention, visualization) to the concrete
(execution, action, impact), dialogues with principles from various philosophical traditions:
- In Aristotle's philosophy, the concept of potency (dynamis) and act (energeia) clearly
applies. The visualization of the cut corresponds to the potency, the potential for action; the
movement carried out is the act, the realization of this potentiality.
- In phenomenology, Me-komi Seido exemplifies how consciousness (abstract) guides and
shapes action in the physical world (concrete), highlighting the interdependence between
perception and reality.
- In Zen Buddhism, it reflects the idea of “present mind” (shoshin), where the practitioner
is completely immersed in the moment. Here, the abstract and the concrete flow harmoniously,
and the perfect cut transcends technique, becoming an expression of mental
clarity and absolute focus.
The Harmony of Me-komi Seido: Philosophy and Practice in Battōjutsu
Me-komi Seido reflects the philosophical idea that every action in the physical world is
born on the mental plane. It teaches us that by aligning intention and execution, we can
achieve results fluidly and efficiently. This principle echoes the spirit of (Haragei),
where mastery of breathing and ki transforms simple movements into manifestations of
precision, balance and self-knowledge.
This alignment, however, is not just mechanical. It is a broader integration in which ki flows
freely, allowing the practitioner to respond to movement naturally, without tension or rigidity.
Shidoshi Jordan Augusto emphasized that, in Battōjutsu, the impact of an effective blow
does not depend on brute force, but on the ability to transfer energy in a controlled way. This
is where Haragei becomes essential, providing a means to channel energy precisely.
A particularly relevant aspect is maintaining the direction of the cut at high speed. In
Battōjutsu, speed often destabilizes the practitioner, leading to imprecise or misdirected
movements. However, when breathing and Hara control are integrated, speed ceases to be
an obstacle and becomes a component to be mastered. This integration allows the practitioner
to maintain focus on the trajectory of the cut, ensuring that the impact is intentional, precise
and charged with energy.
Me-komi Seido transcends its literal translation as “filling the eyes with precision”. It represents
the ability to completely direct focus, intention and perception towards the goal. Even
before the cut is made, the practitioner visualizes every detail: the path of the blade, the
energy required and the final impact. This “filling the eyes” is an act of anticipation, where
mind and body align to make the movement inevitable and precise.

However, the technique goes beyond visual perception. It is
supported by the Hara - the energy center located in the abdomen
- and by controlled breathing. When the Hara is contracted
at the right moment and the breath synchronizes with the movement,
the body stabilizes, creating a solid foundation for the
technique. This union of breathing, visual focus and internal control
transforms the act of cutting with a sword into the ultimate
expression of precision and impact.
Me-komi Seido: The challenge of instability and oscillation
However, even with a solid foundation provided by the Hara
and breathing, the practitioner faces the challenges of instability
and oscillation. Far from being obstacles, these elements
are inherent to both movement and life itself. In Me-komi
Seido, instability is a constant invitation to adjust, while
oscillation is seen as a dynamic
rhythm that connects the practitioner
to the environment. Embracing
these challenges is what allows
the martial artist to achieve harmony between technique,
energy and intention.
Instability is a natural characteristic during the execution of
Battōjutsu cuts, whether due to dynamic body movements,
changes in posture or interaction with external forces. The role
of Me-komi Seido in this context is fundamental: it teaches the
practitioner to recognize these variations not as flaws, but as
opportunities to improve their technique.

By concentrating on the Hara and synchronizing breathing
and movement, the practitioner learns to absorb and respond
to unstable forces in a fluid way, transforming instability
into a tool for adaptation and resilience.
Oscillation, in turn, represents the natural flow of energy
between moments of tension and relaxation. This essential
component of the art is addressed by Me-komi Seido, which
teaches practitioners how to navigate these fluctuations and
use them to their advantage. With the Hara and breathing
aligned, oscillation is no longer seen as a factor of lack of
control; on the contrary, it becomes an integrated part of the
movement, bringing fluidity and naturalness to the cut.
Me-komi Seido also goes beyond the technique itself. It
teaches the practitioner not just to “see” the target, but to
feel the movement before executing it. It's about being completely
present, experiencing the cut mentally and energetically
before it occurs physically. This practice requires constant
training and discipline, but over time it develops the ability
to act clearly and efficiently, both in the dojo and in other
aspects of life.
In essence, the practice of Me-komi Seido does not seek
to eliminate instability or oscillation, but to integrate them
into the technique. This dynamic balance reflects the
essence of (Haragei): the ability to remain centered in
a world of constant change and challenge. When mind,
body and breath are in harmony, the practitioner not only
masters the cut, but also transforms instability and oscillation
into elements that elevate their technical mastery and
internal balance.
In the class led by Shidoshi Jordan Augusto, it became
clear how Battōjutsu, when combined with Haragei, transcends
simple technical execution. Controlled breathing, the
precise movement of the Hara and mental focus create a
synergy that not only enhances performance, but also connects
the practitioner to the deeper spirit of the martial art.
This approach highlights the essence of Battōjutsu as a
discipline that unites mind, body and vital energy. By exploring
Haragei as a tool for mastering speed and precision,
Shidoshi Jordan Augusto has demonstrated that the true
power of Battōjutsu lies not only in the ability to cut effectively,
but in the ability to transform each movement into an
expression of balance, internal control and harmony between
the concrete and the abstract.

© 2024, Franco Vacirca, Pictures by Flavio Rüdy, Maurice Wollny

GANDIA SUMMER CAMP 2024 |
Developing Attributes over Skills!
Unleashing the Power Within!
What are the essential attributes that
can transform an ordinary fighter into
an extraordinary one? As I prepared the
training program for our third annual
Gandia Jiu-Jitsu Camp, I found myself
repeatedly pondering one of the fundamental
questions that arises in such circumstances.
The organization of various
training camps throughout the year has
constituted one of the primary objectives
of my Gracie Concepts® network
(est. 1996) in recent years, with the
aim of promoting martial arts and combat
sports.
The initiative commenced in Gandia; a
picturesque coastal municipality situated
in proximity to the city of Valencia in
Spain. My objective was to create a program
that would facilitate in-depth
exploration of the domains of strength,
agility, endurance, flexibility, and mental
fortitude. I was motivated to gain
insight into the fundamental principles
that would enable me to become a formidable
presence in the realm of martial
arts and combat sports.

For the third consecutive year, the Gandia Jiu-Jitsu Camp was the focal point of the martial arts
and combat sports community. Participants from Switzerland and Germany convened to engage in
collective training and knowledge exchange. In the months preceding the camp, the organizers
collaborated with the trainers to ensure the camp would have an exceptional team of trainers and a
comprehensive program to meet the needs of participants at all levels.
It is a challenging task to create a program that will consistently meet the diverse needs of participants
with varying skill levels. However, this has been the organizers' objective since the inception
of the camp. They are confident that they have succeeded in meeting this goal once again this year.

Developing Attributes over Skills!
The location of a training camp is of little consequence if the trainers and the
program do not meet the requisite standards. In such cases, the camp will ultimately
be a failure. To achieve the aforementioned high standards, I invited two
of the trainers, who had participated in the previous year's program, to participate
once again. These trainers were Daniel Bachofen, who possesses a thirddegree
black belt in Gracie Jiu-Jitsu and has been engaged in training with me
since 1992, and Grigori Winizki, who holds a black belt in Gracie Jiu-Jitsu
(under me) and in Luta-Livre and Shooto under Professor Peter Angerer, founder
of the German Top Team. Furthermore, this year I extended an invitation to
Maurice “Mo” Wollny, a my GJJ black belt and the owner/head coach of the
Panda Gym in Berlin.
The program comprised two group lessons daily for a period of six days. My
objective for this year was to advance beyond the introduction of new techniques
and to revisit those with which I was already familiar. The emphasis was
on the development of attributes, with the objective of ensuring optimal functionality.
Martial arts training can be divided into two distinct components: the development
of attributes and the development of skills. One might be forgiven for
assuming that the development of attributes is a subject that has only gained
prominence in recent times. However, this is not the case. The term “attributes”
encompasses physical qualities such as flexibility, strength, and endurance.
Skills encompass learned motor movements, including striking, joint locks, chokes,
and other defensive or offensive maneuvers. It is imperative not to underestimate
the importance of both skill development and attribute development.
I prefer to integrate both training components, despite recognizing the option
of separating them and focusing on either attributes or skills. During the initial
stages of martial arts training, skills training may be sufficient to develop a diverse
range of attributes, including flexibility, strength, coordination, reflexes, and
endurance. As training progresses and physical conditioning improves, it may
become necessary to develop certain attributes independently of skill training
through dedicated conditioning exercises.
What’s the Difference and Why it Matters!
About performance, skills provide the knowledge of what to do, whereas attributes
offer insight into how one behaves, particularly in circumstances of stress
and uncertainty. When confronted with a situation characterized by stress, pressure,
and uncertainty, it can be challenging to determine the appropriate course
of action. I am confident that you have also experienced a degree of this phenomenon
in the aftermath of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19
virus or have observed it in those close to you. A considerable number of individuals
globally continue to experience uncertainty, challenges in returning to
normalcy, and stress in the aftermath of the pandemic. In such moments, it is
our attributes, rather than our skills, that we rely upon.
Regarding performance, skills do not provide a comprehensive account; they
merely indicate the action to be taken. Attributes are intrinsic to one's nature;
they are innate. The distinction between individuals lies in the extent to which
they possess these attributes. An individual may exhibit a high degree of courage
but lack the requisite discipline, whereas another may possess the opposite
combination of attributes. These varying levels of attributes inform, rather
than dictate, our behavioral responses. An understanding of one's position on
the spectrum of each attribute enables the prediction of one's behavior in each
situation.

The Leaders’ Attributes for Everyone!
I frequently facilitate team-building events and frequently hear from leaders about the importance
of assembling a high-performing team, or a “dream team”. The leaders in question typically
discuss the importance of identifying the most suitable individuals for each role, whether
that be the most effective salesperson, the most adept marketer, or the most talented graphic
designer. However, these leaders frequently report that while these so-called “dream teams”
functioned well when circumstances were favorable, they often became toxic when faced with
challenges or unexpected developments. The question thus arises as to why this occurs. The
team was constructed on the foundation of skills, not attributes.

It is relatively straightforward to construct a team based on the individual skills of its
members. Skills can be quantified and evaluated through objective measurement, documentation,
and scoring. The data concerning an individual's proficiency in each area can
be readily discerned. The issue with establishing a “dream team” based on skills alone is
that it fails to account for how the individuals on the team will perform when confronted
with unexpected challenges, stressful situations, or ambiguous circumstances.
Martial arts training, and in particular Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Thai boxing, provides an
opportunity to engage in high-performance training with one's training partners in a controlled
environment. This allows for the observation of the true feelings associated with
success and failure in a safe setting. Additionally, these experiences are beneficial in
understanding how to adapt and respond effectively in challenging situations. Such
experiences are based on attributes in addition to skills, and they are not easily attained.
Reaching a high level and positive experience requires time and patience.
The Physical Attribute for Self Defense!
There are numerous physical attributes that facilitate martial arts training and selfdefense
skills. These include, but are not limited to, strength, power, explosiveness,
endurance, coordination, sensitivity, speed, and flexibility.
There are numerous combatants who construct their strategy around a select few
exceptional attributes. However, if one were to select a single attribute to prioritize, which
would be the most advantageous? In the context of modern mixed martial arts, there is
a diverse range of fighters who employ varying techniques to utilize their attributes and
achieve success. Such occurrences are also observed in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay
Thai competitions.

It is my contention that endurance represents one of the most valuable attributes. If an individual
is experiencing fatigue, they will be unable to exert their full potential in terms of
strength, speed, and technique, which are essential for achieving victory. Endurance is the
most critical attribute to possess when confronted with a life-threatening self-defense scenario.
In training, practitioners are accustomed to focusing on control breathing. Such training
ensures that the individual can utilize their cognitive abilities, proper techniques, and attributes
even when fatigued.
To assess one's endurance, it is recommended to engage in fundamental knife defense
drills. Consider the scenario in which you are attacked by an assailant proficient in knife-handling
techniques. Regardless of whether the technique being employed is correct or incorrect,
the practitioner will immediately perceive a change in their own state. The objective is to learn
how to evade an attack by an opponent using a weapon such as a knife. This will provide an
understanding of the pressure experienced in such a situation and the intensity of the situation
itself.
So What’s the Best kind of Cardio?
Thai boxers tend to engage in running as a form of exercise. Conversely, practitioners of
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu frequently combine their training with swimming and surfing. For those with
joint issues that limit their ability to run, there are alternative forms of exercise that can be
undertaken. Steady, uninterrupted mountain hiking is an effective method for enhancing
endurance. It is imperative to be fully informed about the route and prevailing meteorological
conditions. It is recommended that, whenever feasible, one should utilize stairs in lieu of an
elevator. Furthermore, it is advised that one should consider alternative transportation
options, such as bicycles or public transportation, in lieu of personal vehicles.

It is also suggested that one should consider walking a few stops beyond their destination and returning home on foot.
Other potential alternatives include stair-masters, rowing machines, stationary bikes, and swimming. Indeed, that is my
preferred option.
Proper training in flexibility and cardiovascular endurance effectively translates into improved performance in martial
arts, both in standing and on the ground. Such improvements will be apparent to one's sparring partners. One may not
necessarily be stronger, as would be the case with a power lifter, but fatigue is less likely to occur. Furthermore, opponents
will be fatigued, which will enhance the perception of one's own performance.
Training at a camp such as the one held in Valencia during the summer months is an environment in which participants
are wholly focused on the act of training. The region offers a plethora of natural amenities, including pristine beaches, wellmaintained
running routes, secure cycling trails, and a temperate climate. Moreover, participants will engage in skills and
attribute training in a secure setting with esteemed colleagues for a minimum of several hours. Such factors contribute to
the popularity of the location. Upon returning home from the Tatame, your training partners will observe and perceive a
notable difference in your abilities, which will positively influence
their motivation to train with you again.
Attributes-based Self-defense and Combat
sports Lessons!
Skills do not provide a comprehensive understanding of oneself or
one's opponent. At our training facility, we have been concentrating
on the distinction between skills and attributes, which represents the
initial phase in optimizing performance, particularly when one is subjected
to pressure, stress, anxiety, and uncertainty. To gain insight
into one's own performance, it is essential to focus on attributes
rather than skills.
Perhaps I have already discussed this in my previous writing, but
I will reiterate the point for the sake of clarity: “Attributes serve as the
foundational elements that facilitate the effective execution of techniques.
In the absence of the requisite attributes, a martial artist
(fighter) will be unable to effectively utilize a technique.”
In my Muay Thai (striking) classes, I elucidate this concept as
follows: let us consider the “jab” as an exemplar. The jab is a relatively
simple technique that can be easily replicated by any individual
from the outset. The jab is executed by extending the lead fist in a
direct trajectory until the arm is nearly fully extended. However, it is
not clear whether all practitioners are able to replicate this technique
in a real Thai boxing match. It is not possible to contact an opponent
without accuracy, speed, and timing. Furthermore, the absence
of power renders the technique incapable of inflicting damage.
As the late Bruce Lee observed, “I am not concerned with the individual
who has practiced 10’000 kicks on a single occasion.
However, I am wary of the individual who has dedicated 10’000
repetitions to a single kick.”
If attributes are of greater value than skills, should a practitioner
therefore limit their practice to a small number of techniques? I
believe this is not the case. It is essential to engage in exploration as
a fundamental aspect of any research and development endeavor. It
is imperative to investigate and compare. It bears mentioning once
more that Bruce Lee, in his own words, asserted that there should
be a “daily decrease, not a daily increase.” However, the reduction
in the number of techniques one employs must occur organically
and not through forced limitations.
It is my contention that martial artists and athletes alike must possess
a harmonious blend of seven essential attributes to excel in
their respective fields: strength, speed, power, agility, flexibility, stability,
and endurance. These attributes have been incorporated into
focused training programs designed to enhance them:

1. The term “strength” is used to describe the ability to exert force against an object or opponent.
A capacity for strength is a prerequisite for any fighter who wishes to succeed. This attribute
is fundamental to the development of other athletic qualities, particularly power and
speed. Additionally, it serves to reduce fatigue and mitigate the risk of injury. It is essential to
establish a robust foundation of knowledge, abilities, and repeatable procedures upon which
the other attributes will be built. In the absence of adequate strength, one's techniques may
prove insufficient to achieve the desired outcome. The development and preservation of
strength is an ongoing endeavor that necessitates dedication and self-control.
2. The capacity to move with great velocity is a fundamental aspect of any martial art.
Nevertheless, the acquisition of speed necessitates a certain investment of time. In the absence
of perfected skills, the introduction of speed will merely serve to render them ineffective. To
achieve success in the use of speed, it is essential to correctly employ timing. Additionally, it
is essential to ensure that movements are brief and direct.
3. The relationship between power and strength is a direct one. However, whereas strength
is defined as the maximum force that an individual can exert, power is the ability to generate
that force in a rapid manner. The methodology employed is designated as “justified
power”. It is not only necessary to justify a counterattack in self-defense, but it is also essential
to control power to prevent an excessive acceleration that could result in missing the
intended target.

4. Agility is closely associated with power. In the context of martial arts,
agility is often defined as the ability to swiftly halt, initiate motion, and alter
direction. In the context of martial arts, practitioners are frequently required
to respond promptly and effectively to novel circumstances, and even to
pursue alternative routes to achieve their objective.
Furthermore, this must be accomplished without compromising the vigor
and intensity that are characteristic of a competitive encounter. The objective
is to conserve energy and accomplish the mission, which represents
the culmination of the endeavor. The development of agility necessitates a
synthesis of coordination, balance, and flexibility.
5. Flexibility is defined as the ability to move the body in a range of ways,
including both linear and rotational movements. The subsequent attribute
offers a more expansive range of movements. It provides a greater range of
options for gameplay. Similarly, flexibility is a crucial element in the development
of agility. Regular stretching and mobility exercises enhance joint
range of motion, thereby reducing the risk of injury and facilitating fluid
movement.
6. Mental and physical mentality stability – control of your mind and body,
that is what we learn in martial arts. To be stable even if enormous pressure
is coming against you; must people start to panic, overreact and fail their
mission. Great martial artists and combat sports athlete know how to
remain calm and stay focused to end up with the best possible outcome.
7. Endurance separates the champions from the defeated. Combat sports
demand exceptional cardiovascular fitness and muscular endurance to
endure grueling battles. To achieve the max in endurance you must invest
time and effort in improving your skills: if you don’t sharpen the saw, you will
waste energy on a blunt blade. It is the ability to maintain a high level of performance
over an extended period.

Mastering the Battle Within!
While physical attributes are undoubtedly a prerequisite for success in martial arts training and combat sports, it is the
mind that represents the ultimate weapon. Mental fortitude is defined as the capacity to maintain focus, determination,
and composure in the face of pressure. The development of mental strength allows for the ability to make rapid decisions,
adapt to changing circumstances, and overcome adversity. It is of the utmost importance to be adequately prepared. One
should envisage oneself succeeding in combat and rehearse a variety of scenarios. This practice has been demonstrated
to enhance mental clarity, confidence, and to reduce anxiety before a fight.
It is also advisable to learn some straightforward meditation techniques. For optimal results, it is recommended that
meditation be integrated into one's lifestyle, rather than solely utilized as a combat preparation tool. Meditation techniques
have been demonstrated to promote mental clarity, improve concentration, and enhance overall well-being.
Get to Know yourself – get to Know your Attributes!
It may be surprising to learn that participation in one of our training camps can also facilitate the development of effective
team leadership skills. In addition to acquiring knowledge about the unique aspects of team leadership, individuals
can gain insights into how to navigate the challenges of leading a team effectively. Attaining the status of a great team leader
is a challenging endeavor. In the contemporary era, this distinctive attribute can be leveraged not only within the context
of a martial arts gym or team but also in professional and domestic settings.

The membership of any martial arts gym or combat sport team is likely to comprise
individuals with a variety of personalities. There are individuals who are
highly motivated, those who serve as jokers, those who are serious, and those
who require motivation. It is evident that each member of a team occupies a specific
role. However, it is often observed that the role of the team leader assumes
a significant position within the team dynamic. Indeed, the leader is inclined to
motivate, encourage, and support others, even when they are not the designated
leader. Such occurrences are often spontaneous and unintentional.
The training will provide insight into the significance of team leaders and equip
participants with additional tools to enhance their potential as students and leaders:
1. A positive mindset is a cognitive orientation that is characterized by the affirmation
of desirable thoughts and beliefs about oneself, one's circumstances, and
the future. Those in leadership positions are expected to always maintain a positive
outlook. In both victory and defeat, exemplary team leaders (e.g., gym
owners, head coaches) demonstrate an ability to identify positive aspects in any
given situation.
2. It is important to acknowledge mistakes to facilitate learning and growth. An
exemplary team leader does not assign blame to others; rather, he or she engages
in constructive dialogue to identify areas for improvement and develop strategies
for future success. Mistakes are an inherent aspect of the leadership process
and acknowledging them and expressing remorse is an integral part of the
leadership role.
3. The necessity of continual improvement is paramount. Those in leadership
roles must be proactive and avoid letting themselves or their teams down. Those
in leadership roles are adept at surmounting obstacles. They are perpetually engaged
in efforts to enhance their abilities in a multitude of ways.
4. It is imperative that leaders maintain a high level of motivation. Those in leadership
roles can maintain motivation. They maintain a clear and unwavering
focus on their objectives, consistently striving to surpass their own expectations.
They are consistently available to provide motivation and encouragement to
others, facilitating their optimal performance.
5. The presence of cheerful leaders has been linked to several positive outcomes.
Their smile is an integral aspect of their charisma, which renders them indispensable
to us. Notwithstanding the competitive spirit that pervades the leadership
landscape, these individuals possess an inherent capacity to find joy and
enjoyment in their endeavors, which contributes to their overall positive disposition.
It is, therefore, reasonable to conclude that sports, and martial arts in particular,
should always be experienced with a sense of enjoyment.
6. Leaders are adept at active listening and possess the ability to foster unity
within a group. They are accessible to their team members both on and off the
field. One can always rely on them to listen attentively when one seeks their counsel.
7. Leaders are receptive to feedback and constructive criticism. One learns from
mistakes to facilitate future progress. It is recommended that constructive feedback
be employed with the intention of facilitating self-improvement and the
enhancement of one's abilities.
8. Leaders do not exclude any individual from participation or consideration. It
is imperative that leaders do not allow anyone to be left behind. An effective leader
will consistently strive to foster a sense of acceptance and inclusivity among
their team members. It is in unity that strength is found, and this is a concept that
those engaged in the field of sports are acutely aware of.

Deep Cultural Roots – provides Great Fundament!
It is my preference to invite additional martial arts experts to participate in our training camp whenever
feasible. It is preferable, though not exclusively, to engage with practitioners of more “traditional”
martial arts to gain insight into alternative training methodologies. In fact, it is an effective
method for disseminating diverse cultural and philosophical traditions. For example, the practices of
martial arts such as Jiu-Jitsu, Karate, and Aikido are significantly influenced by Bushido, the Samurai
code, which places great emphasis on honor, discipline, and moral integrity.
Although martial arts do encompass combat techniques, their principal objective is frequently the
protection of the individual. The Gracie Concepts® approach teaches practitioners to apply force in
a judicious and ethical manner, ensuring that any use of force is justified and in accordance with the
principles of restraint and responsibility. This aspect of martial arts underscores a commitment to
restraint, responsibility, and the use of skills for protection rather than unwarranted aggression.
Many martial arts traditions retain traditional elements such as “Kata” in Karate or forms in Kung
Fu. These are sequences of movements that are practiced both for their technical merit and their historical
significance. While combat sports and martial arts share certain similarities, they are primarily
distinguished by their focus on competition. These disciplines, including Boxing, Muay Thai,
Judo, and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (when practiced as sports), are structured around competitive events
that adhere to a set of defined rules.
The realms of martial arts and combat sports, despite their distinct core philosophies, frequently
exhibit a convergence of principles. This convergence is exemplified in disciplines like Muay Thai,
which originated as a martial art and has subsequently evolved into a popular combat sport.
In conclusion, regardless of whether one's inclination is towards the philosophical depths of martial
arts or the competitive rush of combat sports, both paths offer unique and rewarding experiences.
These activities cater to different aspects of the human spirit, namely the quest for inner growth
and the drive to excel in the face of competition.
Keep it Real!
www.graciejiujitsu.eu

Learn to fight with the Combat Muay
Boran Form.
In Siamese armed or unarmed
martial arts, the thai word rairam
that usually means to dance has a
deeper meaning. In fact, this word
refers to a sequence of prearranged
offensive and defensive movements
that a martial artist executes
solo or with a partner. This
practice is of paramount importance
for a practitioner who wants to
reach the core of the martial art of
his choice. The essence of oriental
fighting systems are often embedded
into prearranged sets: however,
the vital information that the
creator of a sequence includes in
its work is always encrypted and
without possessing the key, the
secrets of a form will remain concealed
for the average martial artist.
In order to better understand the
concept of prearranged fighting
sets, the first element to be clarified
is the reason why forms are
created by knowledgeable martial
arts masters. According to Muay
Thai master Chaisawat Tienviboon
martial dancing exists in the fighting
arts of every nation: the main
reason for this is the need to preserve
combat strategies, tactics
and techniques for future generations
of practitioners.

Every Master considers the combat
principles he has learned and tested
something very precious, worth of being
preserved and kept secret until he meets
the right students that could inherit his
art. For this reason, the various offensive
and defensive maneuvers are coherently
organised in a set of movements that can
be rehearsed over and over again. All
trainee can experiment on their own thus
developing the right body mechanics
connected to their fighting system.
However, only the master who created
the sequence will hold the key to fully
understand the combative principles hidden
in his form: the various applications
of each position of the martial dance,
without his explanations, will have no
fighting meaning and the Rai Ram will be
just that, a beautiful dance. Some students
will simply have no patience and,
without understanding the high value of
forms training, will discard this practice
as being useless for combat. This is a big
mistake since a daily practice of fighting
sequences bring a tangible enhancement
of a martial artist’s technical and
physical attributes.

Solo forms training and the practice of
combat applications with a partner are two
sides of the same coin. Solo training builds
the correct body mechanics needed to execute
each step, parry, dodge, single attack
or combination with speed, grace, force,
balance, coordination. Partner training is
vital to develop a sense of distance from the
opponent and a good timing, both crucial
attributes to apply the techniques included
in the form. The sparring partner can also
wear mitts and other protective equipment
in order to allow the executor to unleash his
full power on the target: impact training is
the best way to enhance the force of all the
attacking techniques that are included in a
given form.

Combat Muay Boran form.
The sequence is composed of 81 movements,
each one with more than a single
“combative meaning”. The fighting techniques
(postures) included in this set belong to
Chern Muay style: in fact, they stress the
aggressive use of the nine body weapons
(Nawarthawoot) to punch, kick, knee, elbow,
head-butt, throw, overlay, catch, break.
Moreover, the basics of all the traditional
defensive systems are included in the form.
Many of the fighting principles included in
this form come from the three main regional
styles of Muay: Korat, Lopburi, Chaiya. The
techniques trained and emphasized by each
style reflect the essence of that style: the
Combat Muay Boran martial system is based
on realistic, practical, powerful applications
of the ancient Siamese combat strategies.

Some of the technical features of
the Combat Muay Boran sequence
are as follows.
Combinations of strikes. Several
combinations of strikes executed with
the same weapon or with different
body weapons are included. The concept
of striking combinations is fundamental
in Combat Muay Boran: in
fact, the best way to successfully
reach an opponent’s weak spots is by
combinations of strikes (Phasom
Muay). The way strikes are combined
makes the difference between an
expert fighter and a novice: the best
fighters deliver blows in series, strikes
are linked in a natural manner, flowing
smoothly one after the other. This
form teaches the trainee to “think in
combinations” instead of getting into
the habit of throwing one strike and
then wait and see what happens.
Defense against multiple attacks.
Also the ability to block and counter
multiple attacks is considered vital in
order to develop realistic combative
instincts. The first attack may be the
beginning of a series of two or more
blows. Being formatted to care
about the first stroke only can lead
to dangerous habits. Far from being
a stylized sequence of non-sense
gestures this form prepares those
who train it seriously for the harsh
reality of combat, creating sound
combative reflexes.

Grappling techniques. Muay Thai is
the art of attacking and defending with
the use of nine body weapons (hands,
legs, knees, elbows and head).
However, a part of the ancient art of
thai grappling (Muay Pram) has always
being included in every thai boxer’s
arsenal. Ancient Muay (Muay Boran)
was rich in holding, throwing and joint
locking techniques: the Combat Muay
Boran form includes some of those
powerful maneuvers. By working this
form, multi-skilled fighters will be created,
midway between pure strikers and
pure grapplers.

How to train the Combat
Muay Boran form.
Step 1: memorize the correct sequence.
Hundreds of slow executions of the entire
form are needed at this stage of the learning
process. The goal is to perform the whole
set without conscious effort, i.e., without
stopping to think: what’s next? This stage
can take a few months to a year, according
to the level of proficiency of the trainee.
Step 2: divide the sequence into blocks of
techniques and work each block separately.
In order to really possess the form, every
Combat Muay Boran student must go
through this stage. This breakdown can be
easily done because this form is conceived
to be split if need be, without losing its fighting
rationale. Then, the shorter portions of
the sequence must be dissected, analysed
and learned until becoming second nature.
This is the most important part of the learning
process that should be undertaken with
the careful supervision of an expert Combat
Muay Boran teacher.
Step 3: work on the martial applications of
each posture, with a sparring partner and
with a pad man. Timing, sense of distance,
tactile sensitivity and a better understanding
of the fighting principles of each technique’s
applications are developed with the cooperation
of a sparring partner. A pad man is
needed to express and enhance the real
power of each offensive maneuver learned
through solo practice of the sequence.

Step 4: rehearse the whole sequence or the shorter blocks at
real speed for a scheduled number of times. At this stage the
sense of enemy (the ability to visualize an opponent) must already
be well developed and every offensive or defensive maneuver
should express high battle energy (Phalang Yuth). Fighting
and dancing finally become a single artistic and potentially destructive
form of expression.
A form is a compendium of fighting techniques, a smart system

of preservation and transmission of battle-tested martial
strategies and tactics: however, for a sincere and dedicated
practitioner a form represents an infinite source of stimuli
that reveals its facets in ever changing ways. In fact,
just like a good book that seems to “change” according
to the mood of the reader, a combat form adapts to the
executor giving him a different feeling each time he performs
it. In the words of Japanese Master Kenwa Mabuni:

“A form is not fixed or immoveable. Like
water, it's ever changing and fits itself to the
shape of the vessel containing it.” Because
of this, practicing the Combat Muay Boran
form with the right spirit on a daily basis, nourishes
the body and mind of a Nak Muay with
the right technical and spiritual “food”. A
Muay Boran practitioner will greatly benefit
from this practice: his skill and his fighting
spirit will be enhanced and step by step his
understanding of the secrets of the Art will be
heightened.
For more information about
Combat Muay Boran IMBA:
• IMBA Official website: www.muaythai.it
• Europe: Dani Warnicki (IMBA
Finland) dani.warnicki@imbafinland.com
• South America: Juan Carlos Duran
(IMBA Colombia) imbacolombia@gmail.com
• Oceania: Maria Quaglia (IMBA
Australia) imbaaust@gmail.com
• General Secretary: Marika Vallone
(IMBA
Italia)
imbageneralsecretary@gmail.com