Maintworld Magazine 1/2025

1/2025 www.maintworld.com 

maintenance & asset management 

Painting the picture 

of cybersecurity p 18 

RALLYING TOWARDS CYBERSECURITY page 16 SHAPING DENMARK’S MAINTENANCE INDUSTRY page 20 DIGGING FOR GOLD page 34

EDITORIAL 

Thanks for the past—looking 

ahead to new adventures 

THIS IS MY FINAL EDITORIAL as Editorin-Chief 

of Maintworld Magazine. 

As of January 2025, Jari Kostiainen 

has taken over the role, bringing fresh 

leadership to the publication. We’ve 

also restructured our editorial team, 

and I’m pleased to welcome back two 

familiar faces—Nina Garlo and Mia 

Heiskanen. 

For me, this marks the conclusion of my full-time working life, though I 

won’t be stepping away from the maintenance scene entirely. I will continue 

contributing to Maintworld as a freelancer, and in my role as a Board 

Member of the European Federation of National Maintenance Societies 

(EFNMS), I remain well-positioned to follow the latest developments 

in maintenance and asset management. Over the years, my work in this 

field has evolved into a passion, enriched by a strong professional network 

and many valued friendships. 

THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF ASSET MANAGEMENT 

Asset management is becoming an increasingly critical focus for many 

companies. However, its full implications for maintenance professionals 

and production teams are still being defined. 

Another key topic shaping the future of our industry is artificial intelligence 

(AI)—a subject we’ve covered extensively in our magazine. Whether 

AI will completely transform maintenance remains to be seen. Some 

have already raised concerns about unnecessary hype surrounding AI and 

its effects. 

While AI and asset management are important, we must not overlook 

the fundamental skills essential to maintenance. After all, industries 

worldwide quite literally keep moving thanks to a thin layer of oil within 

machines, components, and moving parts. The expertise required to maintain 

these essential systems remains irreplaceable. 

As I step into a new phase, I would like to take this opportunity to say 

thank you to all the colleagues, professionals, and friends I’ve had the privilege 

of working with over the years. 

This issue will also feature an overview of Jari Kostiainen, who will be 

leading Maintworld into the future. 

We continue to welcome your feedback and story ideas. 

Jaakko Tennilä 

Editor-in-Chief, Maintworld Magazine (until the end of 2024) 

Jari Kostiainen 

Editor-in-Chief, Maintworld Magazine ( from 1.1.2025 onwards) 

jari.kostiainen@kunnossapito.fi 

4 maintworld 1/2025 

16 

From 

five minutes to 

five seconds in remote 

connectivity. For a top-level 

rally team, every fraction 

of a second counts—not just 

on the track, but also in 

cybersecurity.

IN THIS ISSUE 1/2025 

44 

Predictive 

maintenance 

introduced data-driven insights 

that detect failures in advance, 

yet human decisions are still 

required to schedule and carry 

out repairs. 

= 

34 

The 

global gold market has 

benefitted from a combination 

of factors. Geopolitical 

instability in regions such as 

Eastern Europe has prompted 

investors to turn to gold as 

a hedge against uncertainty. 

4 Editorial 

6 News 

9 

10 

Changes Under the New EU 

Packaging Regulation 


of cybersecurity 

16 

Rallying towards cybersecurity 

34 

30 The Microbial Revolution Shaping Denmark’s Maintenance 

20 

Industry 

Smart Welding Revolution 

22 

26 

Global Investment 

Digging for Gold: Endomines and 

the Global Mining Landscape 

38 

Harnessing the power of Artificial 

Intelligence III 

44 

The Machine Awakens: Cognitive 

Maintenance and the End of 

Failure 

Issued by Finnish Maintenance Society, Promaint, Messuaukio 1, 00520 Helsinki, Finland, tel. +358 50 441 8915, Editor-in-chief 

Jari Kostiainen, jari.kostiainen@kunnossapito.fi Advertisements Mika Säilä, +358 50 352 3277, mika.saila@totalmarketing.fi 

Layout Sirli Siniväli, sirli.fotod@gmail.com Printed by Savion Kirjapaino Oy Frequency 4 issues per year, ISSN L 1798-7024 (print), 

ISSN 1799-8670 (online) Cover photo Sami Perttilä. 

1/2025 maintworld 5

NEWS 

Discover the 10 Best 

Maintenance Podcasts for 2024 

Maintenance-related podcasts are an excellent way for professionals to stay 

updated on industry trends, best practices, and new technologies. However, with 

the number of quality podcasts available, deciding which ones are worth your 

time can take time. We've compiled a list of the ten best maintenance podcasts 

for 2024 so you can decide which ones to follow. 

What Makes These Podcasts Stand Out? 

A few key factors separate the best from the rest when it 

comes to maintenance podcasts. Quality podcasts have frequent 

and consistent updates, providing listeners with the 

latest information on maintenance operations and asset 

management topics. They also feature expert guests who 

provide real-world insight and experience. Finally, the best 

podcasts are entertaining and engaging, with hosts who can 

make even the most technical topics interesting. 

In addition to these critical factors, the best podcasts also 

strongly focus on providing practical advice and solutions. 

They should be able to provide listeners with actionable tips 

and strategies that they can use to improve their maintenance 

operations. Furthermore, the best podcasts should also 

provide a platform for discussion and debate, allowing listeners 

to engage with the topics and share their experiences. 

The following ten podcasts are some of the best for maintenance 

professionals in 2024. 

Each podcast offers a unique perspective on the maintenance 

industry, from interviews with experts to discussions 

of the latest trends and technologies. Whether you're a beginner 

or a seasoned professional, these podcasts provide 

valuable insights and information. 

#1: CMMS Radio 

Our personal favourite at Zoidii. Hosted by Greg Christensen, 

the CMMSradio podcast offers insights and strategies for 

implementing and optimizing Computerized Maintenance 

Management Systems (CMMS). The podcast provides guidance 

on implementation, problem-solving, and leveraging 

existing solutions to improve processes. Greg and his guests 

help listeners simplify CMMS selection, enhance CMMS utilization, 

and increase CMMS user adoption. 

Visit CMMSradio for expert advice on navigating your 

CMMS journey. 

#2: Rooted in Reliability 

Hosted by James Kovasevic, the Rooted in Reliability podcast 

covers various topics related to industrial maintenance, from 

clean energy to RCM implementation. Rooted in Reliability 

podcasts provide valuable insights and information from interviews 

with experts to discussions of the latest trends and 

technologies. James and his guests offer insights to help you 

stay up to date on industry news, best practices, and new ideas. 

https://accendoreliability.com/series/rir/ 

#3: ReliabilityWeb Radio 

Plant Maintenance Technology provides practical advice for 

various topics related to maintenance operations, including 

asset management, reliability engineering, and predictive 

maintenance. The podcast also covers emerging technologies 

and their implications for the industry. 

The podcast is hosted by various industry experts who provide 

insights into the industry's latest trends and best practices. 

They also discuss the challenges and opportunities that 

come with adopting new technologies and how to make the 

most of them. Additionally, the podcast features interviews 

with industry leaders and innovators to provide a comprehensive 

overview of the industry. 

https://reliabilityweb.com/en/reliability-radio/ 

#4: Maintenance Disrupted 

Maintenance Disrupted is a lively podcast that brings together 

experienced professionals from the maintenance industry 

to discuss asset management, predictive maintenance, 

reliability, and maintenance best practices. Experienced 

professionals in the maintenance industry host the podcast, 

and each episode provides listeners with valuable insights and 

actionable advice. The podcast also covers safety, cost savings, 

and sustainability topics. The podcast is an excellent resource 

for anyone looking to stay updated on the latest trends in the 

maintenance industry. 

https://open.spotify.com 

show/52t4kKI8pgTdyfoEI6EczV 

#5: Comparesoft Maintenance Management 

Podcast 

The Maintenance Management Podcast is an informative 

podcast covering various maintenance operations topics, such 

as asset management, RCM, predictive maintenance, and 

facility management. Each episode provides listeners with 

valuable insights and tips on improving maintenance operations. 

The podcast features interviews with industry experts 

who share their experiences and advice on staying ahead of 

the maintenance industry curve. 

https://comparesoft.com/cmms-software/podcasts/ 

6 maintworld 1/2025

NEWS 

#6: Fire Forged Leader 

Hosted by Steve Baumgartner, Fire Forged Leader focuses 

on leadership within the maintenance world. The podcast 

helps listeners become better maintenance leaders to get the 

most from their maintenance teams. Each episode contains 

valuable information and tips that can be applied to any operational 

situation. Listeners can also learn about the latest 

leadership tools and techniques to help them stay ahead of 

the curve. 

https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fire-forgedleader/id1621708130 

#7: Predictive Maintenance Podcast 

The Predictive Maintenance Podcast focuses on the latest technologies 

and techniques related to predictive maintenance. Hosts 

discuss how predictive maintenance can improve operations and 

provide insights on how to get started with the technology. 

The podcast also covers the benefits of predictive maintenance, 

its challenges, and potential cost savings. Additionally, the 

podcast features interviews with industry experts who share their 

insights and experiences with predictive maintenance. 

https://www.euautomation.com/en/knowledge-hub/ 

listen/euaudio/predictive-maintenance 

#8: Forever Forward - Facility Management 

& Maintenance Podcast 

Hosted by Umesh Bhutoria, the Forever Forward podcast 

provides practical advice on improving operations, implementing 

CMMS software, reducing costs, and increasing 

efficiency. Umesh and his guests also cover preventive maintenance, 

net zero, augmented facilities, and safety protocols. 

The podcast also features interviews with industry experts 

and thought leaders, providing listeners with valuable insights 

into the latest trends and best practices in facility management. 

Additionally, the host offers helpful tips and tricks 

to help facility managers stay organized and productive. 

https://open.spotify.com 

show/7hJUH87LD1xO9spMWGJY6d 

#9: Plant Services Podcast 

Plant Services Podcast is hosted by two experienced plant 

managers who discuss predictive maintenance, reliability 

engineering, safety protocols, and asset management topics. 

They also interview industry experts to give listeners practical 

advice on improving plant operations. 

https://www.plantservices.com/podcast-series 

#10: The Automation Minute 

The Automation Minute is a weekly podcast that covers 

various topics related to automation technologies and their 

implications for industrial maintenance. Hosts discuss best 

practices for implementing automation systems and how they 

can improve efficiency. 

https://theautomationblog.com/category/content/theautomation-minute/ 

Bonus Podcast: Efficient Plant Magazine 

Efficient Plant Magazine is an online magazine that provides 

news and information about industrial plants and facilities 

management. It includes a podcast covering predictive 

maintenance, asset management, facility management, and 

safety protocols. 

https://www.efficientplantmag.com/category/podcasts/ 

What to Look for in a Maintenance Podcast 

When selecting a maintenance podcast, it's essential to consider 

several factors. Quality podcasts should have frequent updates, 

feature expert guests, and be entertaining and engaging. It's 

also important to consider the topics covered in the podcast and 

whether they're relevant to your job or industry. 

Benefits of Listening to Maintenance Podcasts 

Listening to maintenance podcasts has several benefits. Podcasts 

are a great way to stay updated on maintenance-related topics 

and trends while providing an entertaining way to learn. They can 

also help you develop new skills and gain insights from industry 

experts. Listening to podcasts is also an easy and convenient way 

to stay informed without reading long articles or manuals. 

SOURCE: 

Zoidii is a technology company that develops cloud-based CMMS 

(Computerized Maintenance Management System) software to help 

companies manage their maintenance more efficiently. 

Jari 

Kostiainen: 

”A Good Feeling is 

the Highest Form 

of Intelligence.” 

MY background is in communication. As an editor-inchief, 

I have worked in a somewhat similar context 

within the Rakennusmestarit ja Insinöörit AMK RKL. 

For eight years, I was responsible for producing Rakennustaito 

magazine and its online publication. During 

my time there, I also led a major editorial reform 

for this traditional magazine—one of the oldest periodicals 

in Finland. 

Throughout my career, I have worked in journalism 

for Sanoma (Veikkaaja magazine), Keskisuomalainen 

Group, as well as for smaller media houses and various 

corporate and public sector clients. 

As an editor-in-chief, I am curious. My goal is to 

create content that provides real value and meaning 

to its audience. 

The field of maintenance is undergoing significant 

transformation. Some of the hottest topics today include 

the skills shortage and generational shift, digitalization, 

the demands of sustainable development, security 

of supply and resilience, as well as the collaboration 

between technology and people. 

My predecessor, Jaakko Tennilä, has done remarkable 

work with this publication. When I first encountered 

Maintworld, I was immediately intrigued by its promise. 

Maintworld is a striking and modern content package. 

I also hope that you, our readers, will actively engage 

with our editorial team. We warmly welcome your feedback 

and story ideas. 


NEWS 

ANYbotics has launched Data Navigator: 

Unlocking the Value of Robotic Inspection Data for 

Energy, Metals, Mining, Oil & Gas Industries 

ANYBOTICS, a global leader in AI-driven robotic inspection 

solutions, has launched Data Navigator, a new asset management 

platform that empowers businesses to harness the full 

potential of inspection data. 

Data Navigator transforms data collected by ANYmal 

robots into actionable insights, providing a comprehensive 

view of asset health and enabling preventive maintenance 

strategies that minimize downtime and optimize operations. 

In industries like energy, metals, mining, oil and gas, asset 

integrity is paramount. By centralizing multiple key asset 

condition data types, such as thermal, acoustic, visual, and 

gas readings, the platform simplifies asset health assessments 

and provides trend monitoring for preventive maintenance. 

This allows companies to predict potential failures before 

they occur, saving significant time and resources. 

Data Navigator's intuitive interface requires no specialized 

robotics expertise, ensuring broad accessibility across teams. 

Its deployment options, including on-premise (local and 

air-gapped—no internet required) and cloud, seamlessly integrate 

with existing IT infrastructure while maintaining robust 

data security. 

Data Navigator enables rapid validation of ANYmal deployments, 

providing immediate asset insights from robotic inspection 

data. The solution is ready to use out-of-the-box and 

can integrate with enterprise systems like SAP and IBM when 

required. 

“Robotic inspection offers maximum value when the resulting 

data is readily available and actionable to those who 

need it most: the maintenance and reliability teams responsible 

for asset management and critical infrastructure,” says 

Péter Fankhauser, co-founder and CEO of ANYbotics. 

“Data Navigator is the key to unlocking that value, providing 

seamless access to asset health insights generated by 

ANYmal robots. Data Navigator empowers teams to monitor 

trends and make informed decisions, optimize maintenance 

schedules, and ultimately ensure continued plant uptime and 

the efficiency of operations.” 


NEWS 

Changes 

Text: VAULA AUNOLA 

Photo: SHUTTERSTOCK 

Under the New 

EU Packaging 

Regulation 

The EU’s new PPWR Regulation will change 

the packaging industry. 

EVEN THOUGH RECYCLING RATES have increased 

in the EU, the amount of waste 

generated from packaging is growing 

faster than the amount recycled. In 

2022, the EU generated almost 186.5 kilograms 

of waste packaging per person, 

of which 36 were plastic packaging. 

Developed as part of the Green Deal, 

the legislation sets out Europe-wide 

standards for a sustainable packaging 

economy. 

The Packaging and Packaging Waste 

Regulation (PPWR) entered into force 

on February 11, 2025. During the transition 

period leading up to August 2026, 

member states are expected to integrate 

the regulation's provisions into their 

national legal frameworks. 

Packaging life cycle 

The new Packaging Regulation (PPWR) 

applies to all packaging and packaging 

waste placed on the market in the European 

Union, irrespective of the type of 

packaging or material used, and is thus 

relevant for companies in all sectors. 

A central aspect of the new Regulation 

is the obligation to regulate the 

overall life cycle of packaging. 

“The Packaging Regulation that 

has now been passed is a milestone 

for the European circular economy. 

It provides companies with a clear 

framework for anchoring sustainability 

and the circularity concept in the 

packaging industry, while encouraging 

innovative solutions that will generate 

competitive advantages,“ explains Dr. 

Robert Hermann, TÜV SÜD’s expert 

for sustainable packaging. 

“Companies now face the challenge 

of aligning their processes and packaging 

strategies to the Regulation. However, 

early adopters can also seize the 

opportunity to take on the role of sustainability 

pioneers.” 

Regulatory clarity 

The PPWR also provides clarity concerning 

the terms “producer” and “manufacturer”, 

which have distinct definitions 

in the context of the regulation. 

Manufacturer refers to the natural 

or legal person who manufactures the 

packaging itself; By contrast, a company 

is a producer if it places packaging on 

the market, irrespective of whether the 

packaging is made in the company’s 

country or internationally. For example, 

a yogurt company that sources its yogurt 

from China and sells it in the EU is considered 

a producer. 

The term producer takes on extended 

producer responsibility (EPR) and 

refers particularly to the second part 

of the packaging’s lifespan after being 

placed on the market in a Member State, 

including disposal and recycling, both 

of which must be organized by the producer. 

KEY PROVISIONS OF THE 

NEW REGULATION 

• Recyclability: From 2030, all 

packaging must be designed for 

recyclability. 

• Use of Recycled Materials: Binding 

quotas for recycled content in 

plastic packaging will apply from 

2030. 

• Material Separation: Packaging 

combining different materials 

must be easily separable. 

• Reusability Quotas: Binding reusability 

targets will be introduced 

for beverage and other packaging. 

• Restrictions on Specific Single- 

Use Packaging (2030): Bans on 

certain single-use plastics for 

grouped packaging and the hospitality 

industry. 

• Technical Documentation: Manufacturers 

must conduct a conformity 

assessment and prepare a 

Declaration of Conformity. 

• Public Procurement: The PPWR 

introduces binding minimum 

requirements to promote sustainable 

packaging in public procurement. 

• Reduction of Packaging Waste: EU 

Member States must meet a minimum 

recycling target of 65% of 

all packaging waste by December 

31, 2025. 

• Regulation of Online Retail: E-commerce 

packaging must be optimized 

to minimize empty space. 

• Labelling Requirements: Clear and 

mandatory labelling to improve 

consumer awareness on recycling 

and disposal. 

• Ban on PFAS: The regulation prohibits 

PFAS in food-contact packaging 

when their concentration 

exceeds specific thresholds. 


TECHNOLOGY 


TECHNOLOGY 


of cybersecurity 

Cyber threats are no longer confined to computer screens as they shape 

industries, economies, and even societies. In this exclusive interview, 

cybersecurity global expert Mikko Hyppönen paints the picture how the 

digital battlefield has evolved, what industrial leaders must do to protect their 

business operations, and why AI-generated art unsettles him. 

Text: MIA HEISKANEN 

Photos: SAMI PERTTILÄ 

THE WALLS around Mikko Hyppönen 

tell a story. Abstract paintings, digital 

sculptures, and eerie sound installations 

inspired by cyber threats surround 

him. Standing in the heart of 

Museum of Malware Art, the world’s 

first cybersecurity-themed art gallery 

at WithSecurity headquarters 

Helsinki, he speaks about a different 

kind of artistry, the symphony of cyber 

defense, where every note can make 

the difference between harmony and 

chaos. 

Hyppönen, a legendary cybersecurity 

expert and global thought leader, has 

spent decades tracking the evolution of 

digital threats. But for him, the battle 

against cybercrime is more than just a 

technical challenge; it’s a fundamental 

aspect of modern society’s survival. 

The evolution of cyber threats. 

Looking back at his career, Hyppönen 

reflects on how dramatically the cy- 

bersecurity landscape has changed. 

“When I started in the 1990s, viruses 

were mostly created by hobbyists— 

teenagers writing code for fun, sometimes 

destructive, but without a real 

financial motive. Today, we are facing 

highly organized crime syndicates and 

nation-state actors who conduct sophisticated 

attacks for power, money, 

and political gain.” 

One of the most surprising transformations 

has been the industrialization 

of cybercrime. “Hackers don’t just create 


TECHNOLOGY 

malware anymore,” he explains. “They 

run full-fledged businesses, complete 

with customer support for victims who 

are paying ransoms. The attacks are automated, 

efficient, and relentless.” 

The industrial cyber war is a new 

battlefield. “Technology revolutions 

shape our world more than anything 

else,” Hyppönen states. “We’ve seen it 

with the internet, mobile technology, 

and now artificial intelligence. Each revolution 

brings progress but also risks.” 

For industrial and manufacturing 

companies, these risks are no longer 

hypothetical. Cyberattacks on factories 

and production lines are becoming as 

disruptive as physical disasters like 

fires or power failures. “The difference 

is that no arsonist stands outside a 

factory trying to set fires every single 

day. But cybercriminals are constantly 

trying to break in, every hour and every 

second.” 

Recent attacks have shown how 

organized and persistent cybercriminals 

are. “These aren’t lone hackers in 

basements,” Hyppönen warns. “These 


TECHNOLOGY 

are fully structured organizations 

and the methods they use range from 

exploiting outdated systems to deploying 

sophisticated AI-driven phishing 

campaigns.” 

The weakest link is connectivity 

and complacency. Many industrial 

leaders still believe they are not targets. 

“Why would they come after us?” 

Mikko Hyppönen, a legendary 

cybersecurity expert, stands 

at the Museum of Malware 

Art in Helsinki, highlighting 

cyber defense as a delicate 

balance between harmony 

and chaos. 

is a common sentiment, Hyppönen 

says. “But when you analyze attack 

patterns, you see no logic in victim 

selection. One day, a steel manufacturer 

in Canada. The next, a furniture 

company in the Netherlands. 

Hackers don’t choose their victims; 

they find vulnerabilities and exploit 

them.” 

What is a common entry point for 

these attacks? Poorly secured remote 

access systems. In the race for efficiency 

and digital transformation, factories 

have connected their networks in ways 

that expose them to threats. “Every 

system today assumes that electricity 

and the internet will always be there,” 

Hyppönen explains. “The moment one 

fails, production halts. In ten years, 

losing internet connectivity will be as 

catastrophic as a total electricity failure 

today.” 

Seeing the unseen. When asked 

how companies can defend themselves, 

Hyppönen emphasizes one thing: visibility. 

“You can’t protect what you can’t 

see. Do you know how many devices 

are connected to your company network? 

How many are running outdated 

software and how many have unnecessary 

access to critical systems?” 

Hyppönen recommends industrial 

companies to conduct regular 

security audits, penetration tests, 

and continuous network monitoring. 

“Think of it like tuning an orchestra. 

If one instrument is out of tune, the 

entire performance suffers. The same 

applies to cybersecurity. A single vulnerable 

device can be an entry point 

for disaster.” 

One of the most effective ways to 

test a company’s vulnerabilities, he 

adds, is to order a controlled attack. 

“Ethical hacking exercises allow organizations 

to identify weak points 

before real attackers do. We conduct 

these penetration tests, and, in my experience, 

there is no system that cannot 

be breached. Once vulnerabilities 

are found and fixed, the test should be 

repeated to ensure security improvements 

hold.” 

The AI dilemma: art or algorithm? 

Despite his fascination with 

technology, Hyppönen is not entirely 

comfortable with all aspects of artificial 

intelligence. “I don’t particularly 

like the idea that AI can create art, 

whether it’s music, poetry, or visual 

art pieces,” he admits. “Creativity has 

always been uniquely human, and the 

thought of a machine generating something 

deeply emotional feels unsettling 

to me.” 

To illustrate his point, Hyppönen 

recalls an example. “Last year, a song 

generated entirely by AI made it to the 

German single charts. The AI composed 

the melody, wrote the lyrics, arranged 


TECHNOLOGY 

“THE CYBERSECURITY 

SYMPHONY IS NOW PLAYING, 

BUT ARE WE LISTENING?” 

the music, and even synthesized the vocals. 

No human intervention. And yet, it 

became a commercial hit.” 

He pauses for a moment before adding, 

“That’s both impressive and terrifying 

despite the fact that I actually 

liked the song.” 

What’s Next? Looking ahead, Hyppönen 

sees an even more disruptive 

technological shift on the horizon: 

quantum computing. “Once we have 

sufficiently powerful quantum computers, 

they will break most of today’s 

encryption standards,” he warns. “This 

means that every piece of encrypted 

data stored today might become readable 

in the future. Organizations need 

to start preparing for post-quantum 

cryptography now.” 

The implications for industry are 

profound. Secure communications 

encrypted financial transactions, and 

intellectual property protection all 

depend on encryption. “If we don’t develop 

new security standards in time, 

we could face a global crisis where 

everything we thought was safe, is suddenly 

exposed,” he adds. 

The man behind the mission. 

For someone who spends his days 

battling digital criminals, how does 

Hyppönen unwind? The answer 

lies in a different kind of machine: 

the pinball machine. “I love playing 

pinball,” he says with a smile. “I 

even compete at the national level.” 

Restoring and maintaining vintage 

pinball machines gives him the same 

satisfaction as fighting cyber threats. 

Both require precision, patience, and 

an eye for patterns. 

But ultimately, what keeps Hyppönen 

motivated is the bigger picture. 

“Cybersecurity isn’t just about 

protecting computers. It’s about protecting 

societies,” he says. “In a world 

where everything runs on technology, 

securing digital infrastructure 

is as crucial as securing physical 

borders.” 

Hyppönen also highlights the 

value of working with a team of top- 

ACCORDING TO MIKKO HYPPÖNEN, ONE OF THE MOST SURPRISING 

TRANSFORMATIONS HAS BEEN THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CYBERCRIME 

He works as the Chief Research Officer at WithSecure and as the Principal Research 

Advisor at F-Secure. With over 30 years of experience, he has been instrumental 

in battling major cyber threats and has worked on some of the most significant 

malware outbreaks in history. Hyppönen has also been a key figure in uncovering 

cybercrime operations and online espionage. 

Hyppönen has been named one of the 50 most influential people on the web 

by PC World and was recognized as a "Code Warrior" by Vanity Fair. He has written 

extensively for publications such as Scientific American and Foreign Policy, further 

solidifying his position as a thought leader in the field. 

In addition to his speaking engagements, Hyppönen is the author of the book If 

It’s Smart, It’s Vulnerable, where he discusses the security risks posed by modern 

technology. 

From Invisible Threats to Visible Art 

“While malware was never meant to be art, it reveals an unintended artistry — 

a creativity born from skilled programming mixed with disruptive intent. By bringing 

malware and art together, the Museum of Malware Art lets us look beyond the code 

to see the bigger picture these digital threats paint a story about trust, vulnerability, 

and the hidden effects of technology.” 

Mikko Hyppönen 

Chief Research Officer, WithSecure 

Curator, Museum of Malware Art 


According to Mikko 

Hyppönen, one of 

the most surprising 

transformations has 

been the industrialization 

of cybercrime. 

GIS 

Mobile 

PPM 

PdM 

AIP 

Next 

Generation 

EAM 

BI 

APM 

BIM 

AI 

tier professionals from around the 

world. “The best part of this job 

is working alongside some of the 

most brilliant minds. Together, we 

help organizations during their 

worst moments: when they’re in 

the middle of a crisis and need real 

solutions fast.” 

As he walks through the gallery, 

past an AI-generated piece visualizing 

a ransomware attack, Hyppönen 

pauses. “We’re in a digital renaissance. 

And like any great era of 

change, it comes with both beauty 

and destruction. Our job is to make 

sure the balance tips toward the 

right side. The cyber symphony is 

now playing, but the question is: are 

we listening?” 

Many companies use their Enterprise Asset Management 

(EAM) system mainly as an electronic card index or a 

digital work order system, unaware of the possibilities it 

has for Asset Management. EAM Systems like Maximo, 

IFS Ultimo, HxGN EAM and SAP EAM have evolved 

tremendously. They now offer functionalities for Asset 

Investment Planning, Project Portfolio Management, 

Asset Performance Management, Business Intelligence 

and Predictive Maintenance. Major steps have also been 

taken in the field of Mobile, GIS and BIM integration. 

Are you ready for Next Generation EAM? 

Our VDM XL experts can assist you with further 

professionalisation and automation of your Maintenance 

& Asset Management organisation. 

www.mainnovation.com

CASE STUDY 

RALLYING 

TOWARDS 

cybersecurity 

From five minutes to five seconds in remote 

connectivity. For a top-level rally team, every 

fraction of a second counts—not just on the track, 

but also in cybersecurity. 


Photos: TOYOTA GAZOO RACING WORLD 

RALLY TEAM 

THE TOYOTA GAZOO Racing World Rally 

Team (TGR-WRT) operates at the highest 

level of motorsport, competing in 

the World Rally Championship (WRC) 

across extreme and often remote locations. 

In this high-speed, high-pressure 

environment, secure and reliable 

access to data is critical. Whether at a 

service park deep in a Finnish forest or 

a remote mountain pass in South America, 

engineers, drivers, and support 

teams rely on instant access to vehicle 

telemetry, diagnostics, and strategic 

race data. Any delay can mean the difference 

between victory and defeat. 

For years, TGR-WRT’s IT team 

struggled with the limitations of traditional 

network security solutions. 

VPNs and firewalls were cumbersome, 

slow, and increasingly vulnerable 

to cyber threats. The team needed a 

future-proof security solution that 

could protect sensitive engineering 

and race data while providing seamless, 

high-performance connectivity 

from anywhere in the world. That’s 

when they turned to Mintly Oy, a 

Finnish technology integrator, and 

Zscaler, a leader in cloud security. 

Uncompromising Security. 

During a rally, data flows 

constantly between the cars, 

engineers, and headquarters. 


CASE STUDY 

ABOUT MINTLY 

Mintly Oy is a Finnish cybersecurity 

and network solutions provider 

specializing in IT and OT security. 

Through its Managed Security 

Services, Mintly helps organizations 

protect critical operations 

against evolving cyber threats. 

ABOUT ZSCALER 

Zscaler (NASDAQ: ZS) is a global 

leader in cloud security, offering 

Zero Trust-based solutions that 

protect organizations from cyberattacks 

and data loss. The Zscaler 

Zero Trust Exchange is the 

world’s largest in-line cloud security 

platform, serving thousands 

of customers worldwide. 

ABOUT TOYOTA GAZOO 

RACING WORLD RALLY 

TEAM 

Recognizing the need for a modern 

security architecture, TGR- 

WRT partnered with Mintly to explore 

Zero Trust security—an approach 

that eliminates traditional network 

perimeters and grants access based on 

identity and context. After a successful 

proof-of-concept, the team deployed 

the Zscaler Zero Trust Exchange, 

a cloud-native security platform 

designed to protect users, applications, 

and data without the limitations 

of traditional security models. 

The results were immediate and 

transformative. Before adopting 

Zscaler, it could take up to five minutes 

for a team member to boot up their laptop, 

connect to a VPN, and access the data 

they needed. Now, that process takes just 

a few seconds. Network stability and performance 

improved significantly, especially 

in remote locations where reliable 

connectivity is often a challenge. At the 

same time, false positives related to URL 

filtering were drastically reduced, and 

firewall-related issues that had plagued 

the team for years were eliminated. 

Riku Nykänen, Information Security 

Officer at TGR-WRT, describes 

the impact: 

“Zscaler simplifies our security 

architecture and ensures that our 

TOYOTA GAZOO Racing World 

Rally Team (TGR-WRT) is based 

in Jyväskylä, Finland, and serves 

as Toyota’s official entry in the 

World Rally Championship (WRC). 

Since 2019, the team has consistently 

won championship titles, 

leveraging cutting-edge technology 

to enhance vehicle performance 

and durability. 

teams have secure, seamless connectivity 

no matter where they are. This 

makes a real difference in our races, 

where every tenth of a second counts.” 

Uncompromising Security. 

During a rally, data flows constantly 

between the cars, engineers, and 

headquarters. Vehicle telemetry, tire 

pressure data, and engine diagnostics 

must be transmitted instantly so that 

real-time adjustments can be made to 

optimize performance. Any disruption 

in connectivity could lead to missed 

opportunities for crucial race decisions. 

With Zscaler, TGR-WRT has built 

an environment where sensitive 

data can be transmitted securely and 

efficiently across multiple locations. 


CASE STUDY 

“APPROXIMATELY 3 MILLION SECURITY POLICY VIOLATIONS 

HAVE BEEN BLOCKED, REINFORCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 

THE NEW SECURITY ARCHITECTURE.” 

By replacing traditional VPNs with 

Zscaler Private Access (ZPA), 

the team now enjoys direct, secure 

connections to private applications 

without exposing the network to 

potential cyber threats. Zscaler Internet 

Access (ZIA) provides an additional 

layer of security, ensuring that 

all internet and SaaS application traffic 

is protected against cyber threats. 

Jussi Luopajärvi, IT Manager at 

TGR-WRT, has seen firsthand how 

the transformation has enhanced the 

team’s operations. 

“Zscaler blew our minds. User productivity 

has skyrocketed. The time it 

takes for users to turn on their laptops 

and start doing productive work has 

dropped from five minutes to a few 

seconds. Network performance in 

remote locations is better than ever, 

and the security challenges we faced 

before have disappeared,” he says. 

Strengthening OT security in 

motorsport. While the primary 

focus of the deployment was IT security, 

TGR-WRT also recognized the 

growing cybersecurity risks in OT 

(Operational Technology) networks. 

Modern motorsport relies heavily on 

connected systems, IoT devices, and 

real-time telemetry—all of which must 

be protected from cyber threats. 

Timo Aarvala, CEO of Mintly, 

explains the urgency of OT security in 

today’s landscape: 

“OT cybersecurity challenges have 

escalated, making it critical to protect 

these networks from cyber threats. We 

need to focus on network segmentation, 

device updates, remote access management, 

and continuous monitoring. By 

implementing these measures, we can 

ensure that OT networks remain secure 

and fully operational. The reality is that 

OT security lags IT security by decades, 

and many organizations are now struggling 

to define responsibilities and integrate 

cybersecurity fundamentals into 

their production networks.” 

As cyber threats are targeting 

industrial control systems and automotive 

technology increase, TGR- 

WRT understood that protecting both 

IT and OT environments is crucial 

to maintaining a competitive edge. 

Through its Managed Security Services, 

Mintly helped TGR-WRT bridge 

the gap between IT and OT security by 

implementing network segmentation, 

continuous monitoring, and secure 

remote access. This ensures that all 

aspects of rally operations from vehicle 

diagnostics to engineering remain 

secure and uncompromised. 

Since implementing Zscaler’s security 

solutions, TGR-WRT has processed 

over 262 million transactions and 13.7 

TB of traffic in just three months, a 

staggering 1400% increase from the 

previous year. Over the same period, 

Zscaler detected and blocked approximately 

3 million security policy violations, 

reinforcing the effectiveness of 

the new security architecture. 

For a team that competes at the highest 

level of motorsport, every fraction of 

a second counts, not just on track, but 

in cybersecurity as well. By embracing 

a Zero Trust approach with Mintly and 

Zscaler, TGR-WRT has set a new benchmark 

for secure, high-performance 

operations in the world of motorsport. 

As the team continues to innovate and 

push the limits of rallying, its cybersecurity 

strategy has evolved to match its 

ambitions, proving that speed, security, 

and success go hand in hand. 


Celebrate 10 years of 

SPRINT Robotics! 

Announcing the SPRINT Robotics 

Awards 2024 winners 

The annual SPRINT Robotics Awards acknowledge and reward exceptional work in inspection, maintenance and 

cleaning robotics of capital-intensive infrastructure. The awards recognize excellence in various categories, 

including groundbreaking collaborative work, scaling robotic solutions, and innovative technologies. 

Groundbreaking 

Collaborative Work 

towards Acceptance of 

Inspection and 

Maintenance Robotics 

Scaling of a 

Robotic Solution 

New Innovative 

Technology in Inspection, 

Maintenance or Cleaning 

Equinor 

Energy 

Robotics 

Flyability

MAINTENANCE SOCIETY 

Shaping Denmark’s 

Maintenance Industry 

The Danish Maintenance Society (DDV) is a non-profit network that connects professionals 

in Denmark’s maintenance industry. With around 1,000 members from over 350 companies, 

DDV fosters knowledge exchange and collaboration through conferences, seminars, and 

company visits. Its mission is to help organizations optimize operations through effective 

maintenance, positioning maintenance as a key factor for long-term success. 

Text: NINA GARLO Photos: THE DANISH MAINTENANCE SOCIETY 

DDV’S VISION is to be Denmark's main 

hub for operational optimization through 

maintenance. It offers a platform where 

organizations can learn best practices, 

improve processes, and stay updated on 

developments in the maintenance field. 

“Our goal is to position maintenance 

as a strategic advantage for 

businesses, ensuring sustainability 

and improving efficiency,” says DDV 

Chairman Jesper Pedersen. 

Evolution of Denmark’s 

Maintenance Sector 

Denmark’s maintenance sector has 

evolved with technological advancements, 

automation, and sustainability demands. 

DDV has developed the DDV Analysis, an 

online tool for organizations to benchmark 

their maintenance maturity. 

The tool measures perceived maintenance 

levels across five stages: planned 

maintenance, proactive maintenance, 

optimized organization, engineered 

reliability, and maintenance excellence, 


using 25 key subjects to benchmark organizations' 

maintenance practices. 

It helps identify improvement areas 

and encourages internal discussions on 

best practices. With over 400 responses 

so far, DDV aims to verify these results 

through academic research in 2025. 

Through the DDV Analysis, organizations 

can identify their strengths and 

weaknesses, align their maintenance 

strategies with company goals, and 

prioritize investments in areas that will 

deliver the greatest impact. The tool also 

fosters internal discussions within organizations, 

helping maintenance teams 

build a common understanding and approach 

to challenges. 

Attracting and Developing 

Talent in Maintenance 

“The maintenance sector in Denmark is 

shifting from merely fixing equipment 

to optimizing operations and reducing 

downtime,” says Eva Mosegaard, CEO 

of DDV. 

Attracting young talent is a priority 

for DDV and for the success in 

the industry. The organization offers 

the Asset Maintenance Management 

course for professionals new to 

maintenance or project management. 

In collaboration with educational 

institutions, DDV also publishes the 

textbook Vedligehold (Maintenance), 

which is used in a variety of educational 

programs, including Marine and 

Technical Engineering and the Technological 

Diploma in Maintenance. 

This resource provides students with 

essential knowledge about strategic 

maintenance management and optimization 

of production and process 

plants. DDV offers free membership to 

students, helping them stay connected 

to the industry and providing them access 

to a vast network of professionals. 

“Our goal is to equip the next generation 

of maintenance professionals with 

the knowledge they need to succeed,” 

says Pedersen.

MAINTENANCE SOCIETY 

“We are excited to help our members 

stay informed and explore how 

these technologies can help them improve 

their operations.” 

Meeting the Need for 

Interdisciplinary Skills 

As automation and digitalization transform 

maintenance, there is a rising 

demand for professionals with interdisciplinary 

skills. DDV offers specialized 

training courses in technologies such as 

AI, predictive analytics, and digital twins. 

Their Machine Learning/AI network focuses 

on predictive maintenance, helping 

members reduce downtime and costs. 

“The future of maintenance is deeply 

tied to digitalization, says Mosegaard.” 

“Our members are increasingly interested 

in exploring the potential of 

AI and predictive analytics to enhance 

operations and prevent unexpected 

breakdowns.” 

Sustainability and 

Climate Goals 

Sustainability is a key focus for DDV, 

with the organization helping members 

adopt energy optimization, circularity, 

and sustainable repair practices. 

DDV encourages its members to align 

with the United Nations' Sustainable 

Development Goals (SDGs), including 

those focused on clean energy, responsible 

consumption, and innovation. 

“Sustainability is not just a trend; it’s a 

necessity,” says Pedersen. 

Innovations Shaping the Future 

of Maintenance 

Predictive analytics, AI, and machine 

learning are transforming the future 

of maintenance in Denmark. These 

technologies enable organizations to 

monitor equipment in real-time, predict 

potential failures, and optimize maintenance 

schedules. While still a relatively 

new area for many DDV members, there 

is growing interest in these innovations. 

DDV has established a network focused 

on Machine Learning/AI, where 

members can explore the application 

of these technologies in maintenance. 

Events and workshops in this network 

have been met with great success, and 

the demand for knowledge in this field 

continues to grow. Additionally, DDV 

works to keep its members informed 

about global trends and technological 

developments through its online platform, 

OPTIMERING.NU, which shares 

relevant case studies and insights. 

“AI and predictive analytics are still 

emerging fields in the maintenance sector, 

but the demand for knowledge is 

increasing,” says Mosegaard. 

JESPER PEDERSEN, 

DDV Chairman, Principal Engineer at Vattenfall 

“Networking is an important part of my daily work. Through a 

professional network, knowledge and skills are developed and 

can be used both personally and professionally. I participate in 

the development of the DDV Analysis, and I am also a member of 

the editorial board of the book Vedligehold, participating also as 

an instructor in DDV courses and facilitating several networks.” 

EVA MOSEGAARD, 

office manager and CEO of DDV since 2014 

“To me, working in a society in collaboration with people who 

participate voluntarily is the best way to work. Everyone who 

participates has a desire to broaden their knowledge and build 

valuable relationships - our goal is to make it happen.” 

Staying Updated with Global 

Trends and Standards 

DDV ensures its members stay aligned 

with global trends and standards, contributing 

to the translation of international 

maintenance standards through 

Dansk Standard. The organization also 

organizes workshops on Maintenance 

KPIs to help professionals stay competitive 

globally. 

“By staying updated on global 

trends and standards, our members 

can ensure their practices align with 

the latest industry developments,” 

says Pedersen. 

“This is key to maintaining high 

performance and competitiveness on 

the global stage.” 

Vision for the Future 

Looking ahead, DDV’s vision centers 

on innovation, collaboration, and 

sustainability. It aims to maximize 

asset reliability, optimize resources, 

and contribute to Denmark’s circular 

economy. DDV’s leadership believes 

proactive maintenance will continue 

to drive value for businesses and help 

position Denmark as a global leader in 

maintenance. 

“We believe proactive maintenance 

will continue to drive value for organizations,” 

says Mosegaard. 

As DDV fosters collaboration, the Danish 

maintenance sector is set to remain at 

the forefront of innovation and sustainability. 


CASE STORY 

Unlike traditional 

industrial robots, 

cobots work alongside 

human welders, 

handling repetitive 

tasks while allowing 

skilled workers to 

focus on complex, 

high-value welds. 

Smart Welding Revolution 

As industries worldwide grapple with the shortage of skilled welders, 

automation is stepping in to bridge the gap. Kemppi, a leading innovator 

in welding technology, is at the forefront of this transformation, working 

alongside research institutions and industry partners to develop solutions 

that improve efficiency, quality, and adaptability. 


Photos: KEMPPI 

KEMPPI’S latest collaborative project 

involves VTT Technical Research 

Centre of Finland, Tampere University, 

and several industrial partners, 

including Wärtsilä Finland Oyj. The 

initiative aims to enhance robotic 

welding and cobot welding to address 


challenges in automated welding, particularly 

in low-volume, high-variation 

production environments. 

“One of the key issues in automated 

welding is ensuring consistent quality 

while adapting to variations in materials, 

joint geometries, and positioning 

errors, says Artturi Salmela, Product 

Manager for Automation at Kemppi.” 

“Through advanced process control 

and real-time monitoring, we 

can dynamically optimize welding 

parameters, reducing errors and improving 

the overall welding quality.” 

Wärtsilä Case: 

Tackling Large-Scale Welding 

Challenges 

A prime example of this technology 

in action is Wärtsilä’s production 

of diesel power plant components. 

These large, complex structures

CASE STORY 

require precision welding, and 

achieving high quality with traditional 

automation has been difficult 

due to variations in the workpieces. 

Wärtsilä faced significant challenges 

with ensuring the structural 

integrity of massive engine base 

frames, which require numerous 

high-quality welds in complex geometries. 

The key obstacles: 

• Inconsistent workpiece geometry: 

Large parts had minor but 

impactful variations, requiring 

flexible welding approaches. 

• High material thickness: Thick 

metal structures demanded precise 

heat input and deep penetration 

welding techniques. 

• Quality assurance: Maintaining 

uniform quality across vast surfaces 

while minimizing rework and 

production delays. 

To address these, the project implemented 

real-time seam tracking and 

adaptive welding control, improving 

consistency and reducing manual 

intervention. Additionally, advanced 

welding cameras, such as those 

developed by Cavitar Oy, enabled 

defect detection and process monitoring, 

ensuring precise execution. 

These enhancements led to higher 

efficiency and significant reductions 

in welding errors. 

“The project has already delivered 

promising results, particularly 

in seam tracking and AI-assisted 

welding quality monitoring, Salmela 

notes.” 

“We’ve successfully reduced error 

rates and improved welding precision. 

Moving forward, we will continue 

refining the AI-based welding 

control and further integrate cobot 

solutions to enhance flexibility and 

efficiency in complex welding tasks. 

The goal is to develop a robust, scalable 

automation framework that can 

be implemented across different industrial 

applications.” 

WHAT IS 

COBOT WELDING? 

Cobot welding refers to the use 

of collaborative robots (cobots) 

in welding applications. Unlike 

traditional industrial welding 

robots, which operate in isolated 

automated cells, cobots 

are designed to work alongside 

human welders. These robots 

assist in welding tasks by automating 

repetitive actions, enabling 

increased efficiency and 

precision while allowing human 

welders to focus on more intricate 

work. Cobots are typically 

lightweight, easy to program, 

and adaptable to various production 

needs, making them an 

ideal solution for manufacturers 

looking to enhance productivity 

without fully replacing skilled 

labor. 


CASE STORY 

Enhancing human and 

machine collaboration 

A breakthrough in welding automation 

has been the adoption of collaborative 

robots (cobots). Unlike traditional industrial 

robots, cobots work alongside 

human welders, handling repetitive 

tasks while allowing skilled workers to 

focus on complex, high-value welds. 

Kemppi’s cobot welding solutions 

offer several key benefits: 

• Improved productivity: Cobots 

assist welders by automating monotonous 

welding tasks, increasing 

overall output. 

• Flexibility: Unlike fully automated 

welding cells, cobots can be easily 

reprogrammed for different tasks, 

making them ideal for dynamic 

manufacturing environments. 

• Ease of use: Cobots are designed 

with intuitive interfaces, allowing 

welders with minimal automation 

experience to operate them effectively. 

• Enhanced ergonomics: By reducing 

the need for welders to 

perform physically demanding and 

repetitive tasks, cobots improve 

workplace conditions and reduce 

strain-related injuries. 

One successful implementation 

of cobot welding has been in manufacturing 

components for heavy industry, 

where parts are often large 

and require multiple welding passes. 

By using cobots, manufacturers have 

been able to achieve greater consistency 

while reducing fatigue-related 

errors among welders. In Wärtsilä 

case, cobots have played a crucial role 

in handling fewer complex welds while 

human welders focused on more critical 

joining tasks. 

The future of welding 

automation 

The long-term goal of this initiative is to 

create an ecosystem where automated 

and collaborative welding solutions coexist 

efficiently. As robotic welding technology 

continues to evolve, manufacturers 

will be able to scale production while 

maintaining high-quality standards. 

“Cobots and robotic welding won’t 

replace skilled welders entirely, but 

they will significantly enhance their 

productivity. By combining human 

expertise with automation, we can 

achieve better efficiency, improved 

quality, and a more sustainable manufacturing 

process, Salmela concludes.” 

Kemppi has already seen success 

with cobot welding solutions, which 

have proven to increase efficiency 

while maintaining high-quality standards. 

As industry embraces these advancements, 

the role of automation in 

welding will only grow, helping manufacturers 

meet increasing demands 

with greater flexibility and precision. 

KEY FACTS: 

• Project partners: Kemppi, VTT, 

Tampere University, Wärtsilä, 

Cavitar Oy, HT Laser, Visual 

Components 

• Focus areas: Cobot welding, 

robotic welding, real-time quality 

monitoring, seam tracking 

• Key technologies: Collaborative 

robots, advanced welding cameras, 

adaptive process control 

• Industry impact: Increased efficiency, 

improved welding quality, 

reduced reliance on manual labor 

• Outlook: Cobot-assisted welding 

increasing automation while 

supporting human expertise 

As robotic 

welding 

technology 

continues 

to evolve, 

manufacturers 

will be able to 

scale production 

while maintaining 

high-quality 

standards. 


INVESTMENT 

Text: VAULA AUNOLA 

Photos: SHUTTERSTOCK 

Global Investment 

in the Energy Transition 

Exceeded $2 Trillion 

China invested most and drove the majority of the growth in 2024, 

eclipsing the US, the EU, and the UK. 

BLOOMBERGNEF’S annually released 

Energy Transition Investment Trends 

2025 report finds that investment in the 

energy transition is higher than ever, 

but growth has slowed. Investment in 

the global low-carbon energy transition 

grew by 11% in 2024, reaching a record 

$2.1 trillion. 

While overall investment in energy 

transition technologies set a new record, 

the pace of growth was slower than in the 

previous three years, when investment 

increased by 24-29% annually. 

Electrified Transport Leads 

Electrified transport remained the larg- 

est investment driver, reaching $757 

billion in 2024. This figure includes 

spending on passenger EVs, electric 

two- and three-wheelers, commercial 

electric vehicles, public charging infrastructure, 

and fuel cell vehicles. 

Investments in renewable energy 

totaled $728 billion, covering wind 


INVESTMENT 

BNEF’s turbine price index indicates that component 

costs will decline again in 2025, but manufacturers are 

maintaining higher prices to improve profit margins. 

As of June 2024, China led the world in operating solar 

farm capacity with 386,875 megawatts, representing 

about 51 percent of the global total, according to Global 

Energy Monitor’s Global Solar Power Tracker. 

(both onshore and offshore), solar, 

biofuels, biomass and waste, marine, 

geothermal, and small hydro projects. 

Finally, investment in power grids 

amounted to $390 billion, encompassing 

transmission and distribution 

lines, substation equipment, and grid 

digitalization. 

Mature and Emerging Sectors 

BNEF’s report also reveals a significant 

disparity between investment in mature 

and emerging sectors of the clean 

energy economy. 

Technologies that are proven, commercially 

scalable and have established 

business models, like renewables, 

energy storage, electric vehicles, 

and power grids, accounted for the 

vast majority of investment in 2024. 

These sectors drew $1.93 trillion, 

growing 14.7%, despite challenges 

from policy decisions, higher interest 

rates, and slower consumer purchasing 

expectations. 

Challenges in Emerging 

Technologies 

In contrast, investment in emerging 

technologies, like electrified heat, 

hydrogen, carbon capture and storage 

(CCS), nuclear, clean industry and 

clean shipping, reached only $155 billion, 

marking a 23% decline compared 

to last year. 

Factors that discourage investment 

in these sectors include affordability, 

technology maturity, and 

commercial scalability. To accelerate 

their growth, both the public and 

private sectors must take stronger 

action to de-risk these technologies. 

According to the report, without such 

efforts, they are unlikely to make a 

meaningful impact on emissions by 

the end of the decade. 

China Dominates Investment 

The largest market for investment 

was mainland China, which alone accounted 

for $818 billion of investment, 

up 20% from 2023. China’s investment 

growth was equivalent to two-thirds 

of the total global increase in the year, 

with all sectors reviewed in the report 

showing solid growth. 

The EU, US, and UK, which drove 

growth in 2023, experienced different 

trends in 2024. Investment remained 

stagnant in the US at $338 billion, 

while it declined in both the EU and 

UK, falling to $381 billion and $65.3 

billion, respectively. 

China's total investment last year 

exceeded the combined investment of 

the US, EU, and UK. Among the major 

markets covered in the report, India 

and Canada also contributed to global 

growth, increasing their investments 

by 13% and 19%, respectively. 


INVESTMENT 

Capital-Intensive Battery 

Manufacturing 

BNEF’s report also tracks investment 

in the clean energy supply chain, including 

equipment manufacturing and 

battery metals production for energy 

technologies. In 2024, this investment 

declined slightly to $140 billion 

but is expected to rise to $164 billion 

in 2025. Around 60% of total supply 

chain investment last year went to 

batteries, as battery cell factories are 

particularly capital-intensive. 

Investment Should Reach 

$5.6 Trillion Annually 

BNEF reports that global energy transition 

investment would need to average 

$5.6 trillion per year from 2025 

to 2030 to stay on track for global net 


CHINA’S INVESTMENT 

GROWTH WAS EQUIVALENT 

TO TWO-THIRDS OF THE 

TOTAL GLOBAL INCREASE 

IN THE YEAR, WITH ALL 

SECTORS REVIEWED 

IN THE REPORT SHOWING 

SOLID GROWTH. 

zero by 2050, in alignment with the 

Paris Agreement. 

This finding is based on BNEF’s New 

Energy Outlook 2024, which indicates 

that current investment levels amount 

to just 37% of the required amount. 

The ‘investment gap’ varies by geography 

and technology, with China being 

the closest to meeting the target, followed 

by Germany and the UK. 

Energy transition debt totaled $1 

trillion in 2024, rising 3% compared 

with 2023. The largest component 

of this was corporate debt, which increased 

5%, triggered by interest rate 

cuts around the world. Despite these 

rises, project debt volumes dipped 

and government energy transition 

debt levels were stable year-on-year. 

Similarly to other findings, the US 

and mainland China are the two biggest 

markers for energy transition 

debt, with both markets growing debt 

sales last year.

INVESTMENT 

GLOBAL COST OF RENEWABLES CONTINUE FALLING IN 2025 

According to the latest report by BloombergNEF (BNEF), new 

wind and solar farms are already undercutting new coal and gas 

plants on production cost in almost every market globally. The 

cost of clean power technologies such as wind, solar and battery 

technologies are expected to fall further by 2-11% in 2025, 

breaking last year’s record. 

Meanwhile, China’s clean technology manufacturing overcapacity 

has led to rising protectionism in the form of import 

tariffs by countries to avoid cheap imports upending their 

own energy markets. Although trade barriers may temporarily 

slow cost reductions, BNEF still projects that the levelized 

cost of electricity for clean technologies will decline by 

22-49% by 2035. 

BNEF’s Levelized Cost of Electricity report indicates that 

the global benchmark cost for battery storage projects fell by a 

third in 2024 to $104 per megawatt-hour (MWh). This drop was 

driven by an oversupply caused by slower electric vehicle sales, 

which led to lower battery pack prices. 

Meanwhile, the cost of a typical fixed-axis solar farm fell by 

21% globally last year. Modules were sold at or below the cost 

of production, with no signs of the overcapacity in the solar supply 

chain easing in 2025. 

Batteries will cross the $100/MWh watershed in 2025, while 

global benchmarks for wind and solar generation are also set to 

fall 4% and 2%, respectively. 

“New solar plants, even without subsidies, are within touching 

distance of new US gas plants. This is remarkable because 

US gas prices are only one-quarter of prevailing gas prices in 

Europe and Asia,” said Amar Vasdev, lead author of the report. 

“This opens up the likelihood that solar will become even 

more compelling in the coming years, especially if the US begins 

exporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) and exposes its protected 

gas market to global price competition.” 

China’s abundant clean-tech manufacturing capacity was a 

key driver of cost declines last year and continues to have a 

major impact on project economics both domestically and internationally. 

On average, China can generate a megawatt-hour of 

electricity from major power-generating technologies 11-64% 

cheaper than other markets. 

For example, electricity from onshore wind turbines costs 

approximately 24% less than the global benchmark of $38 per 

megawatt-hour. While wind turbine prices in China have been 

falling, they have risen elsewhere since 2020. BNEF’s turbine 

price index indicates that component costs will decline again 

in 2025, but manufacturers are maintaining higher prices to 

improve profit margins. 

BNEF’s Levelized Cost of Electricity, now in its sixteenth year, 

provides the industry standard for the cost of electricity generation, 

covering 29 technologies in over 50 countries. 

Looking to 2035, BNEF’s global benchmark LCOEs falls 26% 

for onshore wind, 22% for offshore wind, 31% for fixed-axis PV 

and almost 50% for battery storage. 

“China is exporting green energy tech so cheaply that the 

rest of the world is thinking about erecting barriers to protect 

their own industries,” said Matthias Kimmel, head of Energy 

Economics at BNEF. 

“But the overall trend in cost reductions is so strong that 

nobody, not even President Trump, will be able to halt it.” 

-11% 

Figure: Global benchmark 

levelized costs of 

electrisity, 2024,2025 and 

2035. S/MWH (real 2024) 

87 

-9% 

104 

93 

79 

67 

-4% 

-2% 

53 

38 

37 

28 

36 

35 

25 

2024 2025 2035 2024 2025 2035 2024 2025 2035 2024 2025 2035 

Onshore wind Offshore wind Fixed-axis PV Battery storage 

Sources: BloombergNEF’s Energy Transition Investment Trends 2025 and Levelized Cost of Electricity. 


BIOINDUSTRY 

Cheese-making industries use many microbes to achieve versatile, high-quality products. Microbial rennins are applied to make the 

essential protein and lipid mass, which then is matured by lactic acid or propionic acid and other bacterial seed cultures. Moulds are 

often used in specific cheese varieties to add flavour and constitution. 

The Microbial Revolution 

Microbes are nature’s engineers, capable of 

modifying and sustaining life’s fundamental 

processes, maintaining ecosystem balance, and 

revolutionizing industrial processes. Their role 

in industry has grown, especially in achieving 

sustainability and circular economy goals. 

ELIAS HAKALEHTO 

Adjunct Professor 

Text: NINA GARLO Photos: ELIAS HAKALEHTO, SHUTTERSTOCK, VALIO OY 

“MICROBES sustain the cycles of 

nature. Their catalytic power can create 

chemical products and processes 

in industries where traditional methods 

are too expensive or impractical,” 

says Adjunct Professor Elias Hakalehto, 

a microbiologist and biotechnology 

expert, who explores the potential 

of microbes in industrial applications. 

From an industrial perspective, 

microbes play a crucial role in enhancing 

food production and environmental 

remediation. They can break down 

industrial waste, produce renewable 

fuels, and transform materials into 

more sustainable alternatives. For 

example, utilizing microbial processes 

in the forest industry’s side streams 

could lead to valuable chemicals, new 

energy sources, or soil-enhancing 

compounds. 

The Role of Microbes in 

Maintenance and Circular 

Economy 

One significant application is the use 

of microbes for optimizing resource 

utilization. Industrial residues that 

would otherwise be discarded can be 

transformed into valuable byproducts 

through microbial processes. 

“For instance, we have studied the 

potential of ‘zero fibres’ from the forest 

industry, which can be converted into 

new chemicals, energy solutions, or even 

soil improvers,” Hakalehto explains. 

Microbial processes are also playing 

an increasing role in maintenance and 

industrial hygiene. Contamination 

control and beneficial microbial utilization 

often go hand in hand, making 

microbes an integral part of industrial 

sustainability strategies. 

“One vast industrial product 

group is washing powders. Microbial 

enzymes are crucial in industries like 

detergent production, where they 

perform invisible but essential roles. 

Production of enzymatic biocatalysts 

is a significant industrial field, with 

microbial processes playing a key 

role in ensuring the quality of various 

products, either puposefully or as a 

part of the final process composition.” 


BIOINDUSTRY 

Collection of experimental products from the Tampere Hiedanranta biopilot in 2020 by Finnoflag Oy and Afry Oyj. The bubble 

formation indicates that gaseous hydrogen is formed from the bioprocess using lake bottom industrial sediments as feasible raw 

material. The liquid broth also contains useful non-toxic chemicals lactate and mannitol, both more than 10%, which could be used as 

additives in food, chemical, cosmetic and for plant growth improvement. The solid fraction of the suspension makes an excellent soil 

amendment, which microbial treatments could further upgrade. Photo: Finnoflag Oy. 

Microbes in Industrial 

Maintenance 

Microbes simultaneously present both 

challenges and opportunities in industrial 

environments. According to Hakalehto, 

the key is to harness their potential for 

managing risks effectively. 

Microbial solutions are increasingly 

used in industrial maintenance to 

ensure system efficiency and longevity. 

For example, microbes can be utilized 

for bioremediation of industrial equipment, 

where they break down harmful 

residues like oils, grease, and heavy 

metals, preventing costly machine 

breakdowns. This improves operational 

efficiency. Microbial corrosion 

prevention is another application, as 

certain bacterial strains produce biofilms 

that protect metal surfaces from 

corrosion, thereby extending the lifespan 

of machinery in industries such 

as manufacturing, energy production, 

and marine transport. 

INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES 

THAT WOULD OTHERWISE 

BE DISCARDED CAN BE 

TRANSFORMED INTO VALUABLE 

BYPRODUCTS THROUGH 

MICROBIAL PROCESSES. 

Microbes are also used in cooling 

tower and pipeline cleaning to 

prevent biofouling, reducing the 

need for harsh chemical treatments 

and improving energy efficiency. 

In industrial waste treatment, 

enzyme-producing microbes are 

degrading complex organic waste 

in water treatment systems, which 

helps in reducing sludge formation 

and minimizing environmental 

impact. 

Global Applications 

and Innovations 

While the food industry has traditionally 

relied on microbial processes for 

fermentation, such as lactic acid, acetic 

acid, and alcohol production, modern 

industrial applications extend far beyond 

food itself. One key area is bioplastics and 

sustainable materials, where microbial 

polymers are now being used in plastic 

manufacturing, helping reduce the carbon 

footprint of packaging materials. 

In biofuels and energy production, 

advances in microbial biotechnology 

have enabled the creation of ethanol, 

biogas, and even microbial oils as 

alternative energy sources. Meanwhile, 

the pharmaceutical industry 

continues to rely on microbes, with 

70-80% of antibiotics today derived 

from Streptomyces bacteria, following 

the discovery of penicillin 

by Alexander Fleming. Finally, in 

the textile and chemical industries, 


BIOINDUSTRY 

microbial enzymes and bio-based 

processes are being increasingly 

implemented to produce chemicals, 

textiles, and biodegradable plastics. 

Microbes play a vital role in reducing 

industrial emissions and promoting 

sustainable practices. 

As microbes are omni potential, 

we need to find their correct places 

in the milieu, either in the natural 

or man-made ecosystems. There 

they could flourish and cooperate 

with other strains in producing 

novel products, such as cheeses, 

enzymes, polymers, medicinal substances 

and fine chemicals. Using 

the combinations of biobased 

materials human industries can 

expand their livelihood for the benefit 

of all of us. 

Examples of microbial 

environmental impact 

include: 

Wastewater Treatment: Biological 

purification systems harness 

microbial activity to recycle water 

and remove pollutants, ensuring that 

cleaner water is returned to the environment. 

Carbon Sequestration: Microbial 

assimilation of CO2 is emerging as a 

viable strategy for reducing atmospheric 

carbon levels. Certain microbes capture 

and store carbon dioxide, helping to 

lower greenhouse gas concentrations. 

Oil Spill Remediation: Natural 

microbial communities helped mitigate 

the environmental impact of the 

Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010, 

Mature cheeses are 

centuries-old traditional 

microbial biotechnology 

products. Dairy 

industries use microbial 

enzymes to separate 

milk proteins and fats 

from whey. Different 

microbial strains, such 

as lactic acid bacteria or 

propionic acid bacteria, 

then mature this 

precipitate. 

demonstrating the power of microbial 

ecosystem engineering. These 

microbes break down hydrocarbons, 

effectively cleaning up oil spills. 

Bioremediation: Microbes play a 

crucial role in breaking down pollutants 

and toxins in the environment. 

For example, bacteria and fungi can 

clean up industrial waste, transforming 

harmful substances into less 

toxic ones. 

Bioenergy Production: Microbes 

convert organic waste into bioenergy, 


BIOINDUSTRY 

such as biogas and biofuels. Anaerobic 

bacteria digest organic matter in landfills 

and wastewater treatment plants 

to produce methane, a renewable 

energy source. 

Agricultural Enhancements: 

Microbial fertilizers and soil conditioners 

improve soil health and crop 

yields, reducing the need for chemical 

fertilizers that can harm the environment. 

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert 

atmospheric nitrogen into a form 

that plants can use, thus, promoting 

sustainable agriculture. 

Industrial Applications: Microbes 

are employed in various industrial processes 

to enhance efficiency and reduce 

environmental impact. For instance, 

microbial fermentation is used in the 

production of bio-based chemicals, 

plastics, and pharmaceuticals, reducing 

reliance on fossil fuels. 

Finland’s Role in Global 

Microbial Innovations 

Finland has been at the forefront 

of microbial research and industrial 

applications. Companies such 

as Neste Jacobs, Finnsugar, Valio 

and St1 have pioneered bioreactor 

AS MICROBES ARE OMNI 

POTENTIAL, WE NEED TO FIND 

THEIR CORRECT PLACES IN THE 

MILIEU, EITHER IN THE NATURAL 

OR MAN-MADE ECOSYSTEMS. 

design, microbial enzyme applications, 

bioethanol production, and 

probiotic research. 

“Finland’s harsh climate fosters a 

mindset of innovation and problemsolving, 

making it a hub for microbial 

biotechnology,” notes Hakalehto. 

Future advancements in microbial 

biotechnology will depend on 

increased investments in research, 

technology development, and industrial 

scaling. Areas such as bioreactor 

design, microbial community 

studies, and process hygiene are 

critical for strengthening industrial 

platforms worldwide. 

Hakalehto stresses that regulation 

is vital in the realm of microbial 

biotechnology to balance innovation 

and safety, however, it should 

not hinder beneficial development. 

He adds that microbial catalytic 

power has already been successfully 

harnessed for well-being and 

safety, such as when sea microbes 

helped mitigate the effects of the 

2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill 

in the Caribbean. This led to the 

emergence of ecosystem engineering 

industries. 

“Laws should support innovation 

while ensuring safety, as seen with 

medical devices and treatments. 

In the future, microbes could also 

improve soil quality, aiding the 

production of healthier, more abundant 

food.” 

Over the next 10–20 years, 

microbial innovations are expected 

to transform industrial processes 

significantly. As Hakalehto concludes: 

“The potential of microbes 

is vast, and the only limitations are 

human ingenuity and our ability to 

integrate nature’s principles into 

industry. By embracing microbial 

solutions, we can drive sustainability, 

enhance efficiency, and reshape 

industries for the better.” 

MICROBIAL INNOVATIONS IN INDUSTRY – EXAMPLES 

• Food Industry: Microbes are essential in fermentations 

such as lactic acid, acetic acid, and alcoholic 

fermentation. They are also used to produce additives 

like citric acid. 

• Material Industry: Microbially produced polymers 

are added to plastics, such as soft drink bottles, to 

reduce environmental impact. 

• Energy Production: Microbial processes are used 

in biogas, ethanol, and biofuels. Novel microbial 

fuels, including microbial oil, are being developed 

for road, marine, and air transport. 

• Chemical, Cosmetics, and Medical Industries: 

Microbes contribute to the production of sugar 

alcohol mannitol, an excipient for tablets, and 

microbial polymers in textiles. 

• Pharmaceutical Industry: Since the discovery of 

penicillin, microbes have played a major role in 

medicine. Today, 70-80% of antibiotics are derived 

from Streptomyces bacteria. 

• Antibiotic Resistance and Innovation: Advances 

in genetic engineering, such as cloning clavulanic 

acid genes, have improved antibiotic production, 

helping to combat antibiotic resistance and emerging 

pathogens. 

Since the discovery of 

penicillin, microbes have 

played a major role in 

medicine. Today, 70-80% 

of antibiotics come from 

Streptomyces bacteria. 


MINING INDUSTRY 

Digging for Gold: 

Endomines and the Global Mining Landscape 

Gold mining, a cornerstone of the global economy, not only contributes 

significantly to economic growth but also supplies essential materials to various 

industries such as construction, energy, and technology. In an interview with the 

head of Endomines Finland, one of Europe's leading gold mining companies, we 

gained valuable insights into the industry's current state and the challenges mining 

companies must navigate to prosper in a rapidly evolving global landscape. 

Text: NINA GARLO Photos: ENDOMINES 

KARI VYHTINEN, 

Endomines Chief 

Executive Officer 

AS ONE OF the world's most valuable 

and sought-after metals, gold remains 

a significant asset for investors, governments, 

and industries globally. 

According to Endomines CEO Kari 

Vyhtinen, gold has long been considered 

a safe haven for investors during 

economic uncertainty. Geopolitical 

tensions, inflationary pressures, and 

fluctuations in interest rates often 

drive increases. 

As Vyhtinen explains: “Gold has 

always been seen as a safe haven in 

uncertain times, and with the recent 

uptick in geopolitical instability and 

economic fluctuations, demand is 

stronger than ever.” 

The global gold market has benefitted 

from a combination of factors. 

The region where Endomines operates in 

Finland is geologically significant and has 

substantial potential for gold discoveries. 



Geopolitical instability in regions 

such as Eastern Europe has prompted 

investors to turn to gold as a hedge 

against uncertainty. Additionally, as 

central banks worldwide lower interest 

rates, gold becomes more attractive 

as a store of value. This favourable 

pricing environment is allowing mining 

companies to capitalize on higher 

gold prices, positioning them for 

growth despite challenges. 

Endomines: A Key Player in 

European Gold Mining 

Endomines is the largest Finnish gold 

mining and exploration company, and 

its operations are focused primarily on 

gold production. The company's primary 

site is in the Pampalo area along the 

Karelian Gold Line in Eastern Finland. 

This greenstone belt, spanning over 40 

kilometres in length and 5 kilometres in 

width, is highly promising in terms of its 

potential for gold reserves. Additionally, 

Endomines holds exploration rights to 

seven gold deposits in the United States, 

located in Idaho and Montana. 

Endomines reported a gold production 

of 397.8 kilograms in 2023. 

Vyhtinen takes pride in the company's 

achievements, stating. 

“We are a Finnish company, and 

we operate with a small but dedicated 

team. We also collaborate with contractors 

at our mining sites, where the 

workforce can range from 100 to 120 

individuals.” 

The region where Endomines operates 

is geologically significant and has 

substantial potential for gold discoveries. 

“The greenstone belt in north Karelia 

is one of the largest gold-bearing 

areas in the world, but it has been relatively 

underexplored until recently. 

We've made great strides in exploration 

and have discovered several gold 

deposits,” Vyhtinen notes. 

Gold Mining on the 

Global Stage 

Vyhtinen says the international gold 

mining sector spans multiple continents, 

with major production hubs in 

countries like China, Australia, Russia, 

Canada, South Africa and the United 

States. Finland has become the largest 

gold producer in the European Union 

over the past decade. 

According to Vyhtinen, the distribution 

of gold mining operations 

across diverse geographies presents 

opportunities and challenges, particularly 

when considering infrastructure 

and regulatory frameworks. 

He notes that the industry is also a 

critical player in central banking systems, 

with many nations holding gold reserves 

as a hedge against economic uncertainty. 

However, the sector faces increasing 

scrutiny regarding its environmental 

impact, including concerns about deforestation, 

water pollution, and carbon 

emissions. Vyhtinen acknowledges that 

these ecological and regulatory pressures 

have made sustainability a growing focus 

for mining companies worldwide. 

Labour Shortages and 

Workforce Mobility 

The CEO stresses that one of the most 

significant challenges in the gold mining 

industry is the shortage of skilled 

labour. Mining operations, particularly 

in remote areas, often struggle to 

attract qualified workers. 

“Mining sites in regions like Finland 

are located in remote, rural areas 



where it's difficult to find workers. 

These areas are not urban, and the 

isolation can challenge recruitment, 

Vyhtinen explains.” 

Endomines has implemented educational 

programs in collaboration with 

local schools to address the need for a 

new generation of qualified workers. 

“For example, last year, we had a 

training program for ten individuals 

in the processing side of operations," 

says Vyhtinen. Despite these efforts, 

attracting younger workers remains a 

challenge, particularly with the rise of 

remote work and the appeal of flexible, 

urban-based jobs.” 

“It's tough to attract young people 

who often prefer more flexible jobs. 

Mining requires physical presence, 

and that can be a tough sell.” 

Endomines and other companies in 

the industry are exploring new ways to 

address the labour gap, including partnerships 

with educational institutions. 

“We need more collaboration 

between the mining industry and 

universities to create educational programs 

that close the skills gap. More 

technical training programs in mining 

and metallurgy will help build a 

sustainable workforce for the future,” 

says Vyhtinen. 

Technology and Automation: 

The Future of Mining 

Vyhtinen says advances in technology, 

particularly automation, are reshaping 

the future of the mining industry. 

Technologies such as autonomous 

trucks, real-time data analytics, and 

AI-driven exploration are improving 

operational efficiency and safety. 

“We're seeing more automation in 

mining, from autonomous trucks to 

real-time data analysis to improve efficiency,” 

he notes. 

Automation presents significant 

opportunities, including reduced 

labour costs, improved safety, and 

increased productivity. Autonomous 

mining trucks, for instance, can operate 

24/7, reducing downtime and 

enhancing productivity. Additionally, 

real-time monitoring systems allow 

for predictive maintenance, helping 

prevent costly breakdowns. 

However, the shift toward automation 

also introduces new challenges. 

“While automation reduces the 

need for labour in some areas, it also 

requires a new set of skills. We need 

As central banks worldwide reduce 

interest rates, gold is becoming 

increasingly attractive as a 

dependable store of value, drawing 

investors who prioritize stability 

during uncertain economic times. 

ENDOMINES FINLAND 

• Industry: Gold Mining 

• Headquarters: Finland 

• Primary Operations: Pampalo 

area, Karelian Gold Line (Finland) 

• U.S. Assets: Idaho (Friday 

Mine, Orogrande Plant) & 

Montana 

• Gold Production (2024): 

444,9 kg 

• Sustainability: 100% water 

recycling, 0.93 tCO₂e per 

ounce 

• Listed: Nasdaq Helsinki (Ticker: 

PAMPALO) 

• Mission: Sustainable, traceable 

gold for jewellery and 

electronics 



Gold is highly malleable and can 

be shaped as needed for use in 

electronics, dentistry, medical tools, 

as well as the defense, aerospace, 

and automotive industries. 

workers proficient in robotics, data 

analytics, and other advanced technologies,” 

Vyhtinen explains. 

Across the mining world, there is 

growing recognition that addressing 

the skills gap requires investment in 

education and vocational training. 

Whether through apprenticeships, 

technical certifications, or partnerships 

with universities, companies 

must actively develop the talent 

needed to keep operations running 

smoothly as machinery in the the 

industry is becoming increasingly 

complex. 

Sustainability and 

Responsible Mining 

Sustainability is a growing concern 

for the mining industry, the CEO continues. 

Mining companies are under 

increasing pressure from governments, 

investors, and the public to 

minimize their environmental impact. 

This includes reducing carbon emissions, 

water usage, and waste and 

ensuring that operations do not harm 

local ecosystems or communities. 

Sustainability is a core priority for 

Endomines as well, with the company 

has achieved a 100% recycling rate of 

process water and maintained CO₂ 

emissions at 0.93 tCO₂e per ounce of 

gold produced. 

“The mining industry has a responsibility 

to operate sustainably. We 

must reduce our environmental footprint 

while ensuring our operations 

remain profitable,” Vyhtinen emphasizes. 

Companies are increasingly adopting 

green technologies, including solar 

and wind power, and exploring new, 

more sustainable mining techniques. 

Despite challenges, the global gold 

mining sector is poised for continued 

growth in Finland as well as globally. 

Vyhtinen envisions significant growth 

also for Endomines in the coming 

years, with Finland emerging as a key 

player in the global gold market. 

“There are currently three active 

gold mines in Finland: Agnico Eagle's 

mine in Kittilä, Dragon Mining's operation, 

and us,” the CEO explains. 

“However, many more gold deposits 

are still in the licensing phase in Finland. 

In the next decade, Finland could 

become a significant gold producer. ” 

Vyhtinen envisions Finland reaching 

an annual gold production of 

around 500,000 ounces, up from current 

levels of about 300,000 ounces. 

“With major finds in Northern Finland's 

Lapland, including the Ikkari 

deposit, there is a lot of potential for 

future growth of Finland's gold mining 

sector.” 

To help secure the needed workforce 

for future growth, Endomines 

will continue to integrate international 

talent into its workforce. 

“This global collaboration enriches 

our team and provide fresh perspectives 

on our operations. We have already successfully 

hired workers from countries 

such as France, Spain, Ukraine and 

beyond to fill in particularly specialized 

roles in exploration and geology.” 

The CEO adds that maintenance 

and operational efficiency will remain 

crucial factors in Endomines' future 

success. 

“We handle our own maintenance 

with a small in-house team, but we 

work with external contractors for 

larger projects. We operate our plants 

continuously for eight days, with two 

days for maintenance.” 

However, like many other industries, 

the mining sector maintenance 

field is facing a shortage in particularly 

of skilled technicians, especially 

in automation and electrical 

engineering. 

“It's tough to find skilled professionals 

in these areas. Even though 

we pay well, attracting talent is still a 

challenge. The demand is high, and the 

talent pool is limited.” 


ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MAINTENANCE I PART 3 

Text: ESKO JUUSO 

Photos: SHUTTERSTOCK 

Artificial Intelligence 

needs an expert partner 

Artificial intelligence (AI) is well-suited for 

various applications in maintenance, if 

development considers application-specific 

requirements and limitations. Reliable models 

and expertise don't need to be reinvented 

through AI; instead, AI can be applied selectively. 

The importance of staff training is increasing. 

ESKO JUUSO 

Adjunct Professor at 

University of Oulu 



AI AIMS to use computational heuristics 

that simulate human intelligence. 

Generative AI assists in laying the 

groundwork by investigating past solutions 

and development ideas. This 

topic has been discussed in previous 

parts of this article series in Promaint 

magazine issues 2 and 3/2024. 

Partial solutions developed using 

narrow AI for utilizing datasets create 

insights into the usefulness of AI in organizational 

business and technological 

environments. Flexible AI applications 

tailored to different targets provide increasing 

benefits through a better costbenefit 

ratio. However, many elements 

typically required for solutions are not 

feasible to achieve solely with AI. In 

such cases, hybrid solutions, combining 

AI with components developed using 

other methods, are necessary. 

Narrow AI brings tools for 

effective data utilization 

The broader use of data requires the 

adoption of new methods, which demand 

technological readiness and 

trust in the quality and efficiency of 

these methods. While many building 

blocks for developing AI solutions already 

exist, their effective use requires 

training and engagement, enabling individuals 

to use AI as a tool to enhance 

their work rather than replace it. 

The quality of the required data has 

slowed down the adoption of these 

methods and computing capabilities. 

Solutions within computational intelligence 

methods can also operate with 

less-than-perfect data. AI can also 

drive improvements in data quality 

and encourage more accurate recordkeeping 

by giving data a clear purpose. 

Progressing through hybrid 

solutions in maintenance 

When AI is incorporated into decisionmaking, 

comprehensibility becomes a 

central requirement. Solutions brought 

by deep learning can often be too complex 

to replicate consistently. Despite 

their appeal, incorporating decisionmaking 

into deep learning easily becomes 

too unreliable. Instead of mere 

black-box solutions, hybrid approaches 

that use fuzzy logic can interpret AI operations. 

This is particularly effective 

in multi-objective optimization when 

operational conditions have a significant 

impact. 

In maintenance, AI can leverage data 

collected from maintenance systems as 

well as as-close-to-real-time-as-possible 

information from condition monitoring. 

This is especially important at the device 



level. Expertise can be analyzed using 

generative AI, particularly in lifecycle 

management and during the procurement 

phase of production assets. Both 

paths converge at the operational level 

of production units. The need for training 

also varies depending on whether it’s 

condition monitoring, maintenance, or 

production asset management. 

CONDITION MONITORING: 

Condition-based maintenance requires 

indicators based on signal 

processing and data analysis. AI can 

expand the range of indicators, but a 

more critical role is combining indicator 

data into new indicators and using 

their overall structure in diagnostics. 

There are similarities between similar 

machines and devices, but individual 

differences become apparent at least 

through operational history. General 

solutions may not achieve sufficient 

accuracy. Results can be improved by 

identifying similarities in machinespecific 

models, and recursive updates 

conducted periodically can further enhance 

equipment functionality. 

DEVICE-LEVEL OPERATIONS: 

The aim of AI at the device level is to 

produce increasingly refined maintenance 

thresholds. This can extend 

the intervals between scheduled and 

condition-based maintenance tasks, 

which in turn improves availability 

and/or reliability. The maintenance 

time saved can be used to improve the 

efficiency of the procedures themselves, 

reduce delays, and shorten active 

maintenance periods. Conversely, 

lengthening intervals between procedures 

may also enable the timely de- 



SOLUTIONS WITHIN 

COMPUTATIONAL 

INTELLIGENCE METHODS 

CAN ALSO OPERATE WITH 

LESS-THAN-PERFECT DATA. 

which increases the workload of experts 

at various levels. 

LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT: 

AI plays a role in producing data for examining 

requirements set by economic 

and business goals and strategies. This 

involves evaluating the economic and 

other business impacts of different 

operational alternatives, as well as optimal 

shutdown times and work plans. 

Hybrid solutions are needed to address 

uncertainty when exploring the 

connection between shutdown scheduling 

and operational alternatives with 

cash flow calculations and the business 

and strategic impacts of actions. When 

comparing the optimal timing of replacement, 

improvement, and modification 

investments, hybrid solutions are 

required to manage technical, economic, 

and logistical uncertainties, focusing 

on the organization’s strategic goals. 

livery of spare parts, which is crucial as 

delivery times increasingly lengthen. 

PRODUCTION UNIT/DEPARTMENT- 

LEVEL OPERATIONS: 

In many technological environments, 

maintenance activities need to be packaged 

optimally, considering the criticality 

of individual devices and maintenance 

requirements. Such environments include 

continuous flow production structures 

with high availability demands. 

AI can assist maintenance and 

production in optimizing downtime 

scheduling and selecting tasks to 

be included. An optimal timing may 

reduce breakdowns and other negative 

business impacts, potentially 

extending the interval between 

downtimes. AI algorithms can also 

be likely to enhance the efficiency of 

maintenance shutdowns. Realizing 

the benefits of optimal task packaging 

naturally depends on the business 

and technological environment 

in which maintenance operates. 

Initially, the use of AI requires substantial 

verification and validation, 

ACQUISITION PHASE OF PHYSICAL/ 

PRODUCTION ASSETS: 

The first definitions of production 

asset management, including maintenance, 

are currently made during the 

design phase. AI is expected to offer 

new tools to support both these definitions 

and the design of operational reliability. 

Digital twins and simulation 

tools based on them, as well as less demanding 

technical system models, aid 

in executing complex design tasks. 

The requirements for AI are especially 

important during the design 

phase. At this stage, connections to 

business objectives, strategies, and accounting 

are particularly demanding 

due to greater uncertainty compared 

to the operational phase. These models 

are also useful tools during the 

plant commissioning and operational 

phases, with their quality improving 

as information accumulates with increasing 

operational hours. 



THE KEY UTILIZATION OF AI IS BASED ON THE LONG DEVELOPMENT 

HISTORY OF INTELLIGENT SOLUTIONS. SINCE THE 1950S, THE 

MODEL OF BRAIN STRUCTURE HAS SERVED AS THE BASIS FOR 

NEUROMORPHIC COMPUTING, WHERE CALCULATIONS OCCUR IN 

INTERCONNECTED LAYERS 

Asset acquisition, as well as the procurement 

of individual devices, is expected 

to become more efficient, although 

continually growing requirements may 

work in the opposite direction. The technical 

documentation and work instructions 

provided by equipment suppliers 

are expected to improve, enhancing the 

quality and efficiency of AI use. 

Organizational considerations: 

AI development and implementation 

free personnel for development tasks, 

but applying AI requires understanding 

the methods involved. Training is needed 

to address uncertainty in planning 

and decision-making, as well as to grasp 

the principles, strengths, and challenges 

of multivariate methods. 

Defining AI tools suitable for one’s 

application environment and ensuring 

high-quality, timely, and appropriately 

formatted data storage requires 

leveraging both documented and tacit 

knowledge of the entire technical staff. 

Developing AI tools themselves 

requires not only expertise in various 

methods and influencing factors but also 

consideration of organizational-specific 

requirements and characteristics. For this 

reason, the demand for these services is 

expected to grow, but organizations themselves 

must understand maintenance requirements 

within the framework of asset 

management from a new perspective. 

Organizational expertise remains central. 

AI does not replace this expertise but 

rather becomes a tool for analyzing situations, 

much like information technology 

did earlier. Over time, operations become 

more efficient, and quality improves. At 

the same time, expertise is enhanced. 

No fundamental leap or new mode is required. 

There will be impacts on work distribution 

and the use of external services, 

clarifying former practices. 

The role of technology providers: 

In terms of the technologies used by 

organizations, the role of technology 

providers (equipment manufacturers) 

or service providers with in-depth 

expertise in specific technological 

products will strengthen both in lifecycle 

management and maintenance. 

The role of the entire plant designer 

is also expected to strengthen, as AI 

use during the procurement phase is 

anticipated to increase. Conversely, 

organizations’ desire to avoid dependency 

on a single provider serves as a 

counterbalance. 

Organizational impacts will also 

significantly depend on the specific 

organizational and technological environments; 

for instance, paper and steel 

mills require a different operating model 

than machine shops or shipyards. 

Integrating AI in control 

and maintenance 

Condition-based maintenance aims 

to predict maintenance thresholds 

and the need for shutdowns. Rather 



Real-time and updated information 

is required at all levels for decisionmaking. 

Integrating control and condition 

monitoring solutions aims to 

enable wise operations in changing 

conditions. 

Challenges in applying AI 

There are plenty of use cases, but 

many requirements and limitations 

must be addressed: 

• Data quality and availability 

limit application development 

and potential use cases. Assembling 

all the necessary data in a 

balanced manner is difficult. 

• Integration of AI solutions 

with condition monitoring systems 

requires careful validation. 

In practice, condition monitoring 

solutions must be assembled from 

components. 

• Comprehensibility of AI solutions 

is essential for integration. 

• Lack of reproducibility in computation 

also does not inspire 

confidence. 

• Efforts towards standardization 

are present in all systems, 

but in the AI field, this is still far 

off due to insufficient validation 

and testing. 

• Data management faces numerous 

challenges in maintaining extensive 

and multifaceted data in a 

balanced manner under changing 

conditions. 

than predicting failure time, improvements 

or at least delays in deteriorating 

conditions can be achieved 

by incorporating the condition and 

stress of process equipment and machines 

into control. This simultaneously 

reduces the risk of unexpected 

damage. 

STABILIZING CONTROL: 

Continuous condition monitoring 

provides useful indicators and intelligent 

analyzers to support control. 

Through control execution, additional 

information is simultaneously 

obtained for condition monitoring. 

The goal here is continuous 

operation. 

OPTIMIZING AND COORDINATING 

CONTROL: 

Continuous condition monitoring 

could also play a central role in continuously 

compiling symptoms of failure 

for adaptation to changing conditions. 

Periodic condition monitoring leads to 

diagnostic and prognostic-based optimized 

and coordinated control. This 

involves periodic operational changes. 

ADAPTING CONTROL STRATEGY: 

Condition monitoring and performance 

tracking are needed to 

adapt control strategies through 

diagnostics and prognostics, potentially 

involving short-term 

scheduling as well. 

AI is well-suited for many applications 

in maintenance when application-specific 

requirements and 

limitations are factored into development. 

Data analysis is a valuable 

addition. 

It’s also important to remember 

that reliable models and expertise do 

not need to be reinvented with AI: AI 

is applied selectively. The importance 

of expertise necessitates skilled personnel 

for various applications. The 

need for training does not diminish. 

AI has developed over 

a long period 

The key utilization of AI is based on 

the long development history of intelligent 

solutions. Since the 1950s, the 

model of brain structure has served as 

the basis for neuromorphic computing, 

where calculations occur in interconnected 

layers. 


TECHNOLOGY 

Text: PROF. DIEGO GALAR, PROF. RAMIN KARIM, PROF. UDAY KUMAR Photos: SHUTTERSTOCK 

The Machine Awakens: 

Cognitive Maintenance 

and the End of Failure 


TECHNOLOGY 

1. 

Introduction: The Rise of Cognitive 

Maintenance 

Industrial maintenance has long grappled with 

unplanned downtime and high repair costs. Reactive approaches 

fix machines only after they fail, while preventive 

methods replace parts on strict schedules, often unnecessarily. 

Predictive maintenance introduced data-driven insights 

that detect failures in advance, yet human decisions 

are still required to schedule and carry out repairs. Now, 

a paradigm known as cognitive maintenance is emerging, 

where machines are active contributors to their own health. 

Cognitive maintenance goes beyond simple alerts by allowing 

assets to self-diagnose problems and dynamically 

respond, reducing failures and extending operational life. 

Instead of running until something breaks, machines adapt 

to stressors and coordinate with other systems to optimize 

performance. 

2. 

Key Technologies Enabling Cognitive 

Maintenance 

Cognitive maintenance depends on multiple convergent 

technologies that move beyond passive monitoring toward 

autonomous action, including cognitive digital twins, 

edge computing, proprioception and self-aware robotics, 

the Industrial Metaverse, and mission-driven maintenance. 

By weaving these elements together, cognitive maintenance 

represents a new way of ensuring industrial reliability, costeffectiveness, 

and long-term sustainability. 

Traditional digital twins are passive digital copies of 

physical assets. They can reflect current conditions and provide 

analytics but rarely have the capacity to learn or evolve. 

Cognitive digital twins continuously update themselves by 

assimilating new sensor data, maintenance records, and 

operator feedback. They use this knowledge to optimize 

how a physical asset operates and predict maintenance 

needs. Rather than simply sending alerts to human technicians 

who then plan repairs, cognitive twins autonomously 

initiate interventions and adjustments. While predictive 

maintenance focuses on detecting early signs of failure, cognitive 

maintenance takes a broader approach. By combining 

AI with engineering expertise and real-time operational 

context, it allows the system to decide whether a machine 

should be serviced immediately or can safely continue 

functioning, thereby aligning maintenance decisions with 

business objectives. Because these twins can process large 

volumes of sensor readings at remarkable speed, they help 

avoid premature part replacements and catastrophic breakdowns. 

As a result, industries benefit from a new standard 

of reliability and cost savings. Cognitive digital twins represent 

the unification of three traditionally separate domains: 

information technology for data management, operational 

technology for on-the-ground control, and engineering 

technology for the mechanical and design aspects of assets. 

By blending these domains, cognitive twins unlock realtime 

insights that go beyond flagging issues. These intelligent 

coordinators orchestrate maintenance activities, adapt 

machine behaviour, and maximize lifespan without the constant 

oversight of human technicians. 

Edge computing contributes to cognitive maintenance by 

enabling instantaneous data processing at the asset level. In 

scenarios where a few milliseconds of delay could be critical, 

local processing capacity allows immediate adjustments, 


TECHNOLOGY 

Robots with a Sixth Sense 

Industrial watchdogs are here. Self-aware, 

AI-driven inspection bots scan, predict, 

and act—keeping industries running 

without human intervention. 

especially important for remote or high-risk applications. 

By reducing latency, machines can better self-regulate, halt 

operations if a serious fault is developing, or shift workloads 

to other systems in real time. 

Proprioception and self-aware robotics expand on these 

capabilities by giving machines something analogous to a 

biological sense of muscle tension or joint stress. Embedded 

sensors within mechanical components can feel slight 

vibrations, detect small cracks, and sense wear before it 

escalates. The machinery autonomously responds, applying 

less force, distributing loads more evenly, or signalling 

that a part needs minor service before it fails completely. In 

high-stress industrial environments, this capacity for internal 

awareness saves both time and money. 

The Industrial Metaverse provides immersive digital 

environments. By combining real-time data, historical 

records, and AI-driven simulations, this virtual ecosystem 

allows both machines and humans to practice responding to 

various failure modes. Maintenance strategies can be tested 

and refined in a setting mirroring actual operations without 

risking real-world downtime or damage. This approach encourages 

experimentation and rapid innovation in maintenance 

practices. 

Another advancement is mission-driven maintenance, 

where AI systems decide the best time for interventions 

based on overall operational priorities. If a facility is running 

at peak capacity, non-critical maintenance tasks can be postponed, 

while assets with higher risk of serious failure receive 

immediate attention. Thus, essential production targets are 

met without neglecting safety or assets’ long-term health. By 

integrating all these technological elements into a unified 

framework, industries can transform maintenance from a 

reactive chore into an active, strategic function. 

3. 

Human-AI Symbiosis in Cognitive 

Maintenance 

Although cognitive maintenance increases machine 

autonomy, human expertise is indispensable. AI systems 

excel at large-scale pattern recognition and real-time data 

processing, but humans have contextual awareness and 

strategic reasoning that machines cannot replicate. Cognitive 

maintenance aims to augment, not replace, technical 

professionals. AI assists by sifting through massive amounts 

of sensor data and proposing optimal repair schedules, 

while technicians verify these recommendations and handle 

complex troubleshooting. 

This collaborative relationship becomes a feedback loop 

in which human actions and decisions improve AI models 

over time. When a technician modifies a recommended intervention 

or overrules an AI-generated insight, the system 

tracks and learns from that event. Gradually, predictive 

models become more refined, reducing false alarms and 

bolstering trust. Maintenance personnel begin to focus on 

higher-level tasks, such as orchestrating machine interactions, 

training AI systems, and ensuring automated suggestions 

do not compromise safety or ethical considerations. 


TECHNOLOGY 

Human intuition is particularly valuable for risk assessment 

and big-picture planning. Although machines can 

analyse data quickly and efficiently, only human operators 

can account for nuances such as emerging regulations, environmental 

impacts, and organizational strategies. Rather 

than executing countless repetitive checks, workers become 

supervisors, strategists, and mentors to intelligent systems. 

Together, human and machine intelligence form a resilient 

maintenance ecosystem capable of responding to unexpected 

challenges. 

4. 

Case Studies: Cognitive Maintenance in 

Action 

In manufacturing, an automotive plant applied AIdriven 

predictive models to robotic welders. Traditionally, 

robots kept working until scheduled maintenance or until a 

breakdown. With self-learning software, the machines began 

to detect wear, vibrational anomalies, and sensor readings 

that hinted at impending malfunctions. Production 

downtime decreased by a notable margin, and part replacements 

were timed more accurately, leading to cost savings, 

higher-quality welds, and fewer reworks. 

In the transportation sector, a European rail operator 

equipped its rolling stock with AI-based monitoring systems. 

Real-time data on braking temperatures, axle stress, and wheel 

conditions allowed proactive interventions to be integrated 

into operational schedules. Maintenance tasks that previously 

occurred only during periodic inspections were now triggered 

whenever the data indicated an elevated risk. The rate of inservice 

failures dropped significantly, improving reliability and 

passenger safety. The operator also observed better scheduling 

efficiency and optimized rolling stock usage. 

In the energy sector, wind farms have embraced cognitive 

maintenance through AI-powered blade and turbine 

monitoring. Rather than adhering to fixed service intervals, 

turbines collect continuous data on wind conditions, vibration 

levels, and overall performance. They then automatically 

adjust blade pitch or rotational speed to reduce stress during 

turbulent weather. This helps prevent catastrophic mechani- 


TECHNOLOGY 

cal failures, increases energy generation, and lowers maintenance 

costs. Operators have reported impressive improvements 

in annual power output and component longevity. 

These examples illustrate the tangible benefits of combining 

AI-driven analytics, cognitive digital twins, and 

autonomous interventions. Across diverse applications, 

industries gain safer, more efficient, and more proactive approaches 

to maintaining complex systems. 

5. 

Challenges and the Future of 

Cognitive Maintenance 

Despite its promise, cognitive maintenance faces several 

barriers. One challenge lies in AI explainability. Many 

machine-learning models behave like “black boxes,” generating 

recommendations without giving clear rationales. 

Maintenance professionals may be reluctant to trust or act 

on AI suggestions they do not fully understand. Developing 

interpretable models and user-friendly interfaces is thus essential 

to broaden adoption. 

Cybersecurity is another pressing issue. As machines 

become more interconnected and autonomous, the risk of 

malicious attacks increases. Protecting sensitive sensor data, 

preventing unauthorized access to operational controls, 

and ensuring system integrity demand robust, adaptive 

cybersecurity measures. Strategies such as encrypted data 

transmission and AI-driven intrusion detection are useful, 

but this is a constantly evolving field. 

Legacy systems also pose difficulties. Many industries rely 

on older infrastructures with limited connectivity or outdated 

sensors. Transitioning to cognitive maintenance involves 

significant investments in hardware upgrades, software 

platforms, and staff training. Workforce culture must shift to 

embrace AI-driven insights and new procedures. Companies 

who navigate these changes will position themselves for significant 

performance gains, outpacing those unable to adapt. 

Looking to the future, advancements in computing 

will play a central role. Edge computing is already making 

machine-level intelligence more responsive, especially in 

remote environments. Emerging technologies such as quantum 

computing could vastly accelerate the processing of 

large datasets, unlocking near-instant predictive analytics. 

As these innovations mature, cognitive maintenance may 

evolve from its current emphasis on fault prediction into a 

realm of fully self-preserving and self-optimizing assets. 


TECHNOLOGY 

AI MEETS ENGINEERING: A NEW ERA OF 

MAINTENANCE THE FUSION OF COGNITIVE DIGITAL 

TWINS, AI, AND HUMAN EXPERTISE IS RESHAPING 

INDUSTRIES—MACHINES DON’T JUST REPORT 

PROBLEMS, THEY SOLVE THEM AUTONOMOUSLY. 

Machines That Think: The Rise 

of Cognitive Maintenance 

From simple monitoring to self-preservation, 

cognitive maintenance integrates 

awareness and adapts in real-time, ensuring 

machines don’t just work—they evolve. 

From Breakdown to Brilliance 

For decades, maintenance meant fixing 

after failure. Then came prediction. Now? 

Machines think, decide, and self-optimize, 

redefining industrial reliability forever. 

AI Meets Engineering: A New 

Era of Maintenance 

The fusion of cognitive digital twins, AI, 

and human expertise is reshaping industries—machines 

don’t just report problems, 

they solve them autonomously. 

6. 

Conclusion 

Cognitive maintenance transforms industrial reliability 

by empowering machines to anticipate, 

adapt to, and prevent their own failures, marking a decisive 

move away from human-led, reactive strategies towards 

ecosystems of autonomous, intelligent systems capable of 

self-preservation. However, human expertise remains vital 

in overseeing these operations. Technicians and engineers 

must ensure AI systems remain grounded in practical realities, 

ethical standards, and strategic objectives. The result is 

a symbiotic relationship where machines handle data-heavy 

diagnostics and routine adjustments, while people focus on 

complex problem-solving and broader coordination. 

As industry moves toward greater autonomy and intelligence, 

cognitive maintenance will play a defining role 

in shaping the future of asset management. Over time, 

self-learning machines capable of continuous evolution 

will redefine the limits of what industrial systems can 

achieve. The journey has begun, and those who embrace 

cognitive maintenance today stand to gain a competitive 

edge in operational resilience, efficiency, and technological 

leadership. 

From Tron to Reality: The Rise 

of Self-Preserving Machines 

Once a vision of sci-fi, Tron’s digital 

frontier is now industrial reality—where 

machines no longer wait for failure but 

predict, adapt, and self-preserve. Cognitive 

maintenance is the bridge between virtual 

intelligence and real-world autonomy. 

Robots with a Sixth Sense 

Industrial watchdogs are here. Self-aware, 

AI-driven inspection bots scan, predict, 

and act—keeping industries running without 

human intervention. 

From Thought to Action: Robots 

as the Embodiment of Cognitive 

Intelligence 

Assets will no longer wait for human fixes. 

Autonomous, AI-powered systems will 

monitor, repair, and self-optimize before 

problems arise. 

Machines That Heal Themselves 

Forget downtime. AI-driven self-repairing 

machines use proprioception and adaptive 

intelligence to detect damage and fix 

themselves—before failure even begins. 


IN MEMORIAL 

Kai Portman 1970 –2025 

Global Citizen – 

A Man of Two Professions 

KAI PORTMAN, Sales Manager of Maintworld 

magazine, passed away suddenly on 17 February 

2025 due to an injury. He was 54 years old, born in 

Helsinki on 5 May 1970. 

Kai Portman was a global citizen even before 

the term became widely used. The son of a Finnish 

mother and an American father, he spent his childhood 

years in Finland, Sweden, Italy, and England.. 

He completed his military service in Finland. 

He studied acting in Los Angeles and Rome and 

earned a business degree in California. 

Multilingual and a passionate traveler, 

Kai Portman became well known in our industry 

through trade fairs around the world. He was 

an excellent salesman, always looking after his 

clients’ interests with unwavering dedication. 

At the same time, he was a sensitive and attentive 

listener. Over the years, many of his clients became 

close personal friends. 

Kai’s acting work has been seen worldwide in 

several films. In Italy, he entertained audiences for 

years in television series. 

Kai brilliantly combined his two professions. 

For Maintworld magazine, we filmed live interviews 

together at trade fairs in Finland, after which 

he borrowed the camera for his travels. The footage 

he captured was edited into short documentaries 

about professional events in the industry. And 

the camera never rested, even after long days at 

trade fairs. For example, he came up with the idea 

of placing the camera on the unmanned front window 

of the Dubai metro, capturing a video journey 

across the city. The result was unique content that 

readers around the world enjoyed. 

In addition to his friends and colleagues, 

Kai is deeply missed by his family. His children, 

Alexia, Ariel, Aria, and Arin, were dearly loved by 

their father. 

Vaula Aunola, friend and colleague 


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