Egypt Tourism Guide-Eng

GENERAL
INFORMATION
• The official name: The Arab Republic
of Egypt (A.R.E).
• Population: more than 110,000,000.
• Capital: Cairo.
• Official language: Arabic. Meanwhile,
all the touristic sites offer English, French,
as well as Spanish languages.
• Currency: The Egyptian pound (EGP or LE).
• Religion: Approximately 90% Muslims
and about 10-12% Christians.
• Regime: Democratic Republican.

CONDUCT & HABITS
Egypt is distinguished for many different
habits that are mostly liberal, its people
are very much used to having tourists,
besides respecting their foreign
traditions.
Egyptians are well known for their sense
of humour, joy, generous hospitality
and respect those who respect their
customs and traditions.
These habits include honouring sacred
places such as mosques; accordingly,
it is unallowed to enter mosques neither
with shoes nor with revealing clothing,
thus cloaks and shoes’ coverings are
provided in most mosques to facilitate
entry.
For any inquiries it is advised to ask your
tour guide.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Sunglasses are useful, a cap or hat and
comfy shoes, are all very practical to visit
the temples and markets.
The Temperature during summer is
dry heat thus all accommodation,
transportation vehicles and restaurants
are air conditioned.
CURRENCY & EXCHANGE
The currency is the Egyptian pound which
is divided into 100 piasters. The bills include
of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and the largest is a 200
pounds bill. Besides, the coins are 25, 50
piastres and 1-pound denominations.
It is possible to exchange euros, dollars
or any other currency at banks all
around the country or at exchange
offices, as well as some ATM machines.
Furthermore, payments are facilitated
through the use of both visa and
masters credit cards with slight bank
commisions. The government takes strict
measures against any black-market
exchange.
CUSTOMS
You many buy or export the Egyptian
products or gifts, such as papyrus,
copper gold, silver, carpets but trade
or export of original ancient artifacts or
antiques is strictly prohibited by law
PHOTOGRAPHY
Cameras should be registered upon entry
and departure & in case of loss inform the
police.
Photography in places like airports, ports,
military bases is not allowed. Besides, in
some museums and archaeological sites
photography is prohibited for preservation
reasons. In order to avoid any legal
charges, it is better to ask.
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WORKING HOURS &
WEEKENDS
Governmental offices and banks work
daily from 9am-2pm except for Fridays,
Saturdays and official holidays.
Most shops open 10am- 11pm except on
Sundays. These timings differ during the
Muslim holy month of Ramadan.
The month of Ramadan is one of most
spiritual months of the year; it is celebrated
with an exceptional ambiance. However,
mistakenly some tourists avoid such month.
It is a month which Egypt embellishs with
colourful bright lights everywhere and on
minarets. The country is well known for its
abundant minarets, as it is re-known as the
“city of a thousand minarets”. Both Muslims
and Christians share adorning the streets with
Ramadan lights. Children joyfully play with
their lanterns “fanous Ramadan”in the streets.
Late at night a drummer walks the streets
to wake up the people to have their last
meal before their next day of fasting. The
lunar months generally begin during the
last evening of a month when the crescent
appears. Fasting takes place between
the crack of dawn and sunset. The feast
following Ramadan is called “Eid el Fettr”
which means break-fast feast.
THE EGYPTIAN CULINARY
The Egyptian food is deliciously special
recognized by several plates to please
different desires. Of the most famous meals
are koshary, kofta (grilled meatballs), molokhia
green soup, kebabs, stuffed pigeons with rice,
falafel, fava beans, kebab, as well as, many
sea-food dishes
ELECTRICITY
Egypt operates on a 220 v supply and 50 HZ
PASSPORTS & VISA
To enter Egypt you need a valid passport
and a paid visa. According to the laws
applied within your country, you may
apply for your visa either within your
country and in some cases, you may
buy it in any of our main International
airports or entry ports. As for tourists that
enter by land such as Aqaba bay or
Saint Catherine, they are granted 14 days
residency permit since they do no not
need an entry visa
INFORMATION &
BOOKINGS
Flying into Egypt is extremely easy and
simple; the main Egyptian aircraft “EgyptAir”
offers regular, high quality flights to Cairo,
Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan and to most
airports around the world. Furthermore, it
has domestic flights at low cost.
www.egyptair.com
Other visitors arrive either by land or by
sea. Most touristic trips include Nile cruises,
a crucial part of any trip.

TRANSPORTATION
The land of Egypt is considered vast in
size; thus, better and time saving is to fly.
However, there are additionally cheaper
methods of transport such as buses and
trains but naturally would take more time
to cover long distances.
As for transport within the city, mostly
taxis, minibuses, as well as the possibility
of hiring a private guide and car
COMMUNICATIONS
Internet is available at hotels, offices, and
internet cafes. Wi-Fi services are offered at
most touristic places especially in Luxor.
SIM cards are available for visitors to use in
their mobile phones.
Post offices mail letters and sell stamps,
which is likewise available for purchas in
most hotels.
Post offices close on Fridays
Egyptian Tour Guides are world-wide
known to be some of the best qualified
guides.
This is a fact proclaimed by foreigners
themselves.
EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS.
- Tourism police
126
- Police
122
www.moiegypt.gov.eg
- Fire brigade 180
- Ambulance 123
- Telephone Directory 140
- Cairo Airport services 19970
- Flying hospital Services 02/ 37766393

CAIRO

CAIRO
Cairo, the capital of Egypt will never make you
feel like a stranger, you will enjoy a wonderful trip
traveling through the different historical eras. It is
an open-air museum, its alleys, streets, markets
and neighborhoods are a mixture of both the
ancient and modern.
Cairo is popular for being an assortment of
ancient, spiritual, contemporary and a globally
cultured populace. Its grandeur paves the
route to other cultures. You are unquestionably
encouraged to visit and experience it.

Pharaonic sites
Memphis: is the oldest capital
of Egypt dating back to
approximately 3200 BCE. It is
situated 25 kms south west
of Cairo. The most prominent
artefacts of Memphis are the
colossal limestone statue of
Ramses II, weighing 120 tonnes
and of a height of 13 meters,
as well as the 18th dynasty
alabaster sphinx.
Sakkara: is the one of the most ancient
necropoli of Egypt located on a high
plateau at the edge of the desert south
of Giza.
The Step pyramid of King Djoser: of the
third dynasty. It consists of six steps known
as mastabas reaching a height of 60 m.
The pyramid of Unas belongs to the last
king of the fifth dynasty. It is famous for
the interior hieroglyphic vertical texts
known as pyramid texts.
The Serapeum dates back to the
eighteenth dynasty and are underground
passages with massive side rooms for
the burial of the sacred Apis bull. It was
discovered in 1851.Saqqara mastaba
tombs belong to nobles of the fifth and
sixth dynasty. Its wallsare all covered with
hieroglyphic signs and scenes unravelling
all the magnificent activities of the daily
ancient Egyptian life. Offering scenes
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to the tomb owner and to deities. The
most famous tombs include the tomb of
Mereruka, Ptah Hotep and Kagemni.
The Giza pyramids are considered one of
the ancient wonders of the world. They
date back to the fourth dynasty of the Old
Kingdom belonging to kings Khufu, Khafre
and Menkawre. They are majestically
located at the edge of Cairo watching
the changes and centuries pass by.
The sphinx has the head of King Khafre
and the body of a lion for both wisdom
and power. It measures about 70 m long
and 20 m high.
Other sites
The majority found in Old Cairo
Coptic sites:
The Hanging church was named so
as it was built on the ruins of the
Babylon Roman fortress.
THE HANGING CHURCH
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St. Sergius church is situated behind the
Coptic museum. It dates back to the 4 th
century AD and takes the basilica style.
Many visitors head towards this sacred
church in seek of blessings since it is
believed that the holy family hid in a crypt
below the church during their flight through
Egypt escaping the tyranny of Emperor.
The Coptic museum encloses some of the
most important Coptic artefacts.
The Tree of the Virgin Mary at Matterya
gave shade to Mary & her baby born
Jesus Christ. This yet constantly green
tree is more than two thousand years
old. The Virgin Mary Church in Zeytoun
district.
Islamic sites:
Ibn Toulun mosque is the third to be
built in Egypt taking the classical style. It
is famous for its spiral minaret similar to
Samra’a mosque in Iraq.
Azhar mosque is the first Fatimid mosque,
and the oldest Islamic University in the
world; it still remains a cultural center for
the Islamic world nowadays. It was built in
878 AD by Gawhar Sakkaly.
Mo’ayed mosque was built in 873 AD by
one of the Cairo walls’ doors named Bab
Zewaila.
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Amr Ibn EL ‘Ass mosque is the first
mosque built in Egypt & Africa. It
dates back to 641 A.D.
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Salah Eldeen Citadel & the mosque
of Mohamed Ali: The citadel was built
between the years 1176 -1182 AD. It
overlooks a panoramic view of Cairo
from the Muqattam hills. The citadel
comprises several important sites,
of which is the “Alabaster mosque”
which was built by Mohamed Ali,
besides the Jawhara (jewel) palace,
the military museum and the cultural
amphitheater.
Mo’ezz L’deen Allah Alfatemy st. has
several Islamic sites including many
Fatimid mosques and Sabeels (public
water fountains), etc.
Beyt el-Seheemy was built in 1796 AD
within Darb el Asfar area.
IBN TOULUN MOSQUE
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The International Conference center in
Nasr City, the Egyptian Centre of Exhibitions
in New Cairo has regularly both exhibitions
and international conferences.
The Cairo tower was the highest in Africa
& the Middle East reaching a height of 187
meters.
More sites:
Egyptian Antiquities Museum was
inaugurated in 1902 AD, at Tahreer
(liberation) sq. which became a symbol of
a “peaceful revolt” ever since the 25th of
January 2011 AD. Do not miss seeing the
boy King Tut’s treasures at the museum.
Currently a large number of his treasures
have been & more will be moved to the
Grand Egyptian Museum by the pyramids
at Giza.
The Pharaonic village has modern actors
& actresses acting the daily life of the
ancient Egyptians.
The Museum of Islamic Art in Bab Elkhalq
includes some of the most important Islamic
artistic and architectural collections.
The museums of Modern Art, Mahmoud
Mokhtar and Mahmoud Khaleel have
large collections of modern contemporary
art pieces, either sculptures or paintings.
The Cairo Opera house was inaugurated in
1989 AD, consists of seven stories and has
three theatre stages.
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Khan Elkahleeli is one of the most
authentic markets in the near east.
It dates back to the 14th century AD
and includes several shops and cafes
of special characteristics. The shops sell
pharaonic, gold, ivory, leather, copper
souvenirs and also embroidered
garments. Within the market is the
famous café of “Elfishawy” which many
writers, scholars, artists, poets, musicians
tend to sit at. The café is known for
having the famous novel writer and
noble prize winner Naguib Mahfouz
usually sat there.
The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) lies
near the pyramids at Giza. It was built
as the largest museum in the world to
include 100 thousand artefacts dating
back to the Pharaonic, Greek and
Roman eras. It should cover an area
of 114 acres and is intended to be
officially inaugurated in 2021.
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Transportation
Cairo has a huge network of
transportation services that work all
day & night; they include buses, trains,
taxis, besides the underground metro.
Cairo is the only city in the Arab world
& Africa that has an underground
system that connects several districts
with each other.
The working hours of the metro are
5.30am to 12 midnight.
Taxis are a common method of
transport.
They usually park in front of famous
hotels & the drivers are known to be
very familiar with necessary routes.
However, the price needs to be
negotiated ahead of the ride.
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FAYOUM
OASIS

FAYOUM OASIS
It is an immense oasis distinguished with its beautiful
green shades and its numerous appealing plants.
It lies 105 kms away from Giza
The Fayoum oasis is renowned for its water wheels,
of which “Ein Seleen” is the most famous. Fayoum
is recognized for its attractive nature, its fields, its
waterfalls, as well as the protectorate of “Qaroun
Lake” and the “Wadi Elrayan” waterfalls.

The obelisk of Senusert at
the entrance of the city,
it dates back to the 12th
dynasty.
At the outskirts of Fayoum
lie the remains of the
pyramids of Hawara and
el-Lahun.
How to get there?
Either by car or by bus
WADI EL RAYAN

BENI SUEF
lies 125 km south of Cairo.
How to get there?
By car, bus or train.
What to see?
The pyramid of Meidum stands in the middle of the desert. It lies 36kms
away from the city. The cemetry of Herakleopolis Magna (Ehnasya
Elmedina) has had a Spanish mission excavating ever since the year
1965. Besides, there is a possibility to visit the tomb of MeriRa, the
monastery of the archangel Gabriel (Deir el-Malak) and the church of
the virgin Mary. All the latter are found on the western bank of the Nile.
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EL MINYA
El Minya lies 240 km south of Cairo.
What to see?
The site of Beni Hassan lies on the eastern bank of the Nile. It is
a cemetery dating back to the Middle Kingdom and includes 39
tombs The tombs’ walls have scenes of daily activities interestingly
such as, sports and acrobats in ancient Egypt.
The most famous tombs in Beni Hassan are of Khety, Amenemhat
and Khnumhotep.
How to get there?
By car, bus or by train.
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Tel El Amarna
was the capital of Egypt during the
reign of king Akhenaten of the 18th
dynasty.
It has the ruins of the palace of
Akhenaten, the tomb of Meri-Ra and Ay.
El Ashmouneen has statues of the
baboon god Thoth, god of history,
wisdom and writing.
As for the site of Tuna El Gabal, it
has remains of granite columns of
a Roman cathedral, as well as the
famous Greco -Roman tombs of
Petosiris and Isadora.
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ASSIUT
lies 375 km south of Cairo.
How to get there?
By car, bus or by train.
What to see?
The cemetery lies on the western bank of the Nile,
and includes the tomb of Senbil from the times of
the 12th dynasty, reign of Senusert I.
The rock-cut tombs of Meir include the nomarchs
of the 14th Nome.
It is also possible to visit the monastery of Al-
Muharraq and the Church of the Virgin Mary at
Dronka.
Al Hammameya monumental Tombs- Al Azhar
religious institute of king Fuad - Al salam school
Museum - The Fona Museum -
TOMBS OF MEIR
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SOHAG
What to see?
The temple of Abydos which was built during the reign
of king Seti I. It is one of the most preserved temples with
exquisite scenes, carvings and colours. The famous Royal
Kings’ list is in excellent condition showing the names of
76 kings that ruled Egypt starting with Menes and ending
up with the temple builder Seti I and his son Ramses II
who has a smaller temple close. Furthermore, there are
many churches and monasteries, such as the monastery of
Pope Shenouda, known as the “White monastery” and the
monastery of Pope Beshoy known as the “Red monastery”.
How to get there?
By car, bus or by train
The temple of Abydos
lies 470 km south of Cairo
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QENA & DENDARAH
Dendarah lies at a distance of about 80 kms north of Luxor
How to get there?
Either by car or taxi usually from Luxor.
What to see?
Dendarah temple: the Greco Roman
temple of Denderah was dedicated to
the cow goddess Hathor. Its construction
had begun by Ptolemy III and was
completed by Roman emperors.
The temple is well-known for its outstanding
ceiling that has astronomical scenes and
representations of the zodiac.
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LUXOR &
ASWAN

LUXOR
was named Thebes in ancient times and became
the capital of the New Empire era. It lies 720 kms
south of Cairo and is considered one of the most
beautiful cities of Egypt.
It is lush with a third of the world's ancient
monuments.
How to get there? From Cairo you can easily use the
train or book a flight, or possibly a Nile cruise to or
from Aswan. However, its airport is International and
several international and charter flights land in it.

What to see?
The Nile River splits Luxor into the
western and eastern banks. Do not
miss seeing the famous vintage
Windsor hotel, one of the most
beautiful hotels of Egypt.
THE EASTERN BANK TEMPLES
Karnak is considered a complex of several temples; for thousands
of years Karnak continued to be built starting approximately
2000 BCE and up until the Greco Roman period. It was a religious
complex for daily rituals dedicated to the sacred triad of Thebes.
Luxor temple was built during the reign of Amenhotep III, Ramses
II and the last addition dates back to the Islamic times. It is one of
a kind in the world including monuments from several eras of the
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pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Coptic and Islamic times. It has ancient
Egyptian shrines, Coptic frescos and the mosque of Abu el-Hagag.
Luxor Museum is one the most beautiful but small intriguing
museums. It was inaugurated by the French ex-president
d’Estaing in 1974. There is a separate hall exhibiting the most
recent discoveries from Luxor temple

THE WESTERN BANK
The Valley of the Kings consists
of many New Kingdom royal
tombs dating back between
the eighteenth and twentieth
dynasties.; the most famous tombs
belong to Tutankhamun, Ramses III,
Seti I, Ramses VI and Horemheb.
Excavations continue in the western
valley, as well as in the tomb of the
sons of Ramses II.
The Valley of the Queens:
sheds light on the tombs of prince
Amunherkhpshef, Queen Ti and the
famous beautiful Queen Nefertari.
The last mentioned tomb of Queen
Nefertari has been conserved
beautifully. However, it needs a
special separate ticket.
Deir El Bahari temple: is of unique
architectural form, built by queen
Hatshepsut’s architect and lover
Senenmut. She ruled Egypt just like
any other male ruler, she remains
one of the most legendary ancient
Egyptian female rulers.
The Valley of the Noblemen: has
several worth visiting tombs due to
their exquisite walls exhibiting daily life
scenes. The most famous tombs are of
Ramose, Nakht and Menna.
The temple of Madinet Habu: is
known as Karnak of the western
bank since it has several temples
commencing with the major one
of Ramses III.
The Ramasseum temple: was built
by King Ramses II.
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ESNA
lies 60 kms south of Luxor and it could be
reached either by land or on sailing on Nile
cruises from either Aswan or Luxor.
What to see?
From your Nile cruise you get to see the
Esna barrage operating, experiencing the
different water levels in order to allow the
Nile cruises to pass through. Esna temple’s
hall of columns has twenty-four of them;
whilst has stunning scenes dating back to the
Ptolemaic times. Most cruise boats’ itineraries
do not include the visit to Esna temple.

EDFU
lies between the cities of Luxor
and Aswan, about 115 kms
from each. It is also reached by
either land or by Nile cruise.
What to see?
The temple is the most complete
and preserved temple of all,
dating back to the Greek times
and dedicated to the famous
falcon god Horus, god of the living
and protection.
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KOM OMBO
lies 55 km north of Aswan and is reached
either by car or on a Nile cruise that
docks right by the temple.
What to see?
This Ptolemaic temple is uniquely dedicated
to two deities; the falcon god Horus and the
crocodile god Sobek. Interestingly, there are
mummified crocodiles exhibited.
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ABU SIMBEL
lies 280 km south of Aswan and 70 kms away from
the Sudanese borders.
What to see?
It has two glorious and magnificent
temples that were expertly moved to this
new location by the UNESCO and several
other countries. Spain was one of those
countries that assisted and in return the
Egyptian government presented Debod
temple as a gift to the city of Madrid.
The Great Temple of Ramses II: has the most
appealing façade displaying four seated
colossal statues of Ramses II. The sanctuary
consists of four gods; of which Ramses II
deifies himself in it. Twice a year, the sun
shines in all the way into the sanctuary onto
three of these statues starting with Ramses II.
The dates are on 22nd of February and 22nd
of October; possibly the occasions of the birth
and coronation dates of king Ramses II.
The small temple of Queen Nefertari is a
marvelous temple dedicated to goddess
Hathor and to his beloved wife Nefertari.
Lake Nasser cruises: Do not miss going on the
Lake Nasser cruises sailing between Aswan and
Abu Simbel, on which you will enjoy visiting nine
temples, ancient constructions of a large scale,
such as the Wadi Sebu’ temple, the ruins of
Qasr Ibrim and many others marvelous ruins.

ASWAN
lies 950 kms south of Cairo –
a majestically beautiful city
with natural picturesque
landscape, and small islands.
It starts from Edfu in the north.
The origin of the word Aswan
is the ancient Egyptian word
Swen which means market, as
it was the Egyptian southern
trade point. It is in this city
where Agatha Christie’s movie.
“Death on the Nile” was shot at
the famous Old Cataract hotel.
A hotel with beautiful arches
and appealing architecture.
Its terrace is renowned for
viewing the sunset on western
Aswan.
How to get there? By car, train
or airplane from Cairo or Luxor.
Aswan has both a domestic
and an international airport.
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What to see?
The Nubian Museum encompasses of the Cairene Fatimid architecture. The
3000 artifacts that represent the prehistoric
times, pharaonic era, as well as,
Ptolemaic, Coptic and Islamic artifacts.
The Botanical garden has unique plants
& trees from all around the world.
Elephantine Island in the middle of
Aswan splits the Nile. The origin of its
name comes from the large grey
rocks that take the shape of the back
of elephants. The island has ruins of a
temple dedicated to the Cataract
triad of Khnum, Satet and Anukis.
Moreover, there are remains of an
interior of the mausoleum was covered
with Carrara marble.
St. Simeon monastery was built in the
twelfth century A.D. as a settlement for
the missionary monks that converted
some of the Nubians into Christianity.
The unfinished obelisk is a colossal
single block of granite that reaches a
height of 41 meters and weighs 1,168
tonnes. Granite was extracted from
these quarries for temple construction.
In route to the obelisk lies the Fatimid
cemetery.
ancient Nilometer, which used to The noblemen tombs date back to the Old
measure and predict the level of the
water for the following season, these
predictions also helped to calculate
kingdom times and its inner scenes reflect
the daily life of ancient Egyptians.
Philae temples was disassembled and
the local farmer taxes
reassembled on a different Island
The Aga Khan Mausoleum is reached
by boat or better known as a sailboat
known as felucca. The architecture of
the mausoleum was inspired by the art
named Agilkia. It is a temple dedicated
to goddess Isis and remained the center
of her cult; a temple that remained
paganly active until the mid-first century
A.D. This temple has an outstanding
“Sound & Light show” every night in
different several languages.
The Aswan High Dam was built in the
1960s to provide the whole of Egypt
with electricity. On the dam, if you look
at a distance on your way back, you
will be able to spot Kalabsha temple.
Do not forget to explore Aswan market
with its variety of products where you
can buy original hand made goods
and inlaid objects, jewellery, spices
and especially saffron.
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THE
MEDITERRANEAN
COAST
W

ALEXANDRIA
Alexandria is known as the “pearl of the Mediterranean”. It
lies 225 kms north of Cairo and was founded by Alexander
the great in the year 332 B.C.E It was the capital of Egypt
during the Greco Roman times during which one of the
ancient seven wonders of the world was constructed, the
famous ancient lighthouse of Alexandria. Furthermore, it
became an international commercial capital.
How to get there? It may be accessible either by car, taxi,
plane, train and a whole fleet of buses from Cairo.
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Greco-Roman monuments
Pompey’s pillar was erected in 284 A.D in honour of
emperor Diocletian, out of one single block of granite,
reaching a height of 25 meters. Within its area below, lies
the underground galleries of the sacred bull god Apis
was where he was worshipped.
Kom El Shouqafa catacombs date back to the second
century A.D and consist of three underground rock-cut
levels, accessed by a spiral descending staircase that
reveals in its lowest level a decorated burial chamber.
Additionally, it has a side chamber with loculi for hundreds
of mummies, a rotunda and a triclinium. Outside are
some statuary dating back to both the times of Ramses II
and the second century A.D.
KOM EL SHOUQAFA CATACOMBS
The Greco Roman Museum comprises a significant
collection of wooden and bronze statuary, as well as
many figurines dating back between the 3rd century
B.C.E. and 7th century A.D. Besides, a number of metal
coins that date back to the Caliphate times.
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The Islamic Monuments
The ‘Atarin mosque : mosque dates back to the fourteenth
century A.D.
Morsi Abu Elabbass mosque is the most famous and the largest
mosque in Alexandria. It was constructed to commemorate
Sheikh Abu Elabbass the patron of local fishermen and sailors.
Qaitbay fortress was built in the same location where originally
the lighthouse of Alexandria once existed. The citadel was
built in 1480 A.D. Nowadays, close by lies a small Aquarium
that allows you to enjoy several different species of aquatic
creatures.
Montazah palace and gardens was originally built by Khedive
Abbass Helmy II; who had ordered it to be built with a mixture
of Florentine and Turkish architectural styles. It consists of the
“Haramlek”, which is a Turkish word for the palace where men
would meet but it has today become a presidential residence
to host guests. As for the “Salamlek” palace, it was the lodging
place of women. Nowadays, the Salamlek has become a
hotel with big gardens and a beautiful attractive beach. The
later palace was at one point owned by King Farouq.
QAITBAY FORTRESS
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Marsa Matrouh and its Touristic sites
Marsa Martouh lies 288 kms west of Alexandria. It is popular for
its magnificent beaches with soft white sand and its several
shades of turquoise blue waters. Some of these beaches
include “Gharam, Rommel, Elobayed and ‘Agiba beaches”.
Anyways, Marsa Matrouh is also famous for Cleopatra’s beach
(or bathes), the ruins of Ramses’ temple, Rommel’s Cave
museum, as well as the touristic center of Sidi Abd el-Rahaman
which has a bay of clear waters and scenic beaches.
PORT SAID
Port Said lies 170 kms away from Cairo and is distinctive for
its serenity, and the beauty of the soft sand of its beaches.
How to get there? By car, train, or bus from either Cairo or
Alexandria, or even from Suez.
What to see?
The Port Said museum has artifacts of several different
eras. The Military museum has many models remaining
from the 1956 war, as well as military equipment. You can
also visit Abd el-Rahman Lutfi mosque, the Latin Cathedral
and the ancient Islamic city on Tennis island.
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RED SEA &
SINAI

RED SEA
The Red Sea coast extends from the Gulf of Suez all the
way south until the Sudanese borders. It is recognized for
its splendid coral reefs that include marine life and flaura.
There are several contesting theories surrounding the origin
of the Red Sea’s colourful name. One popular suggestion
gives credit to the seasonal blooms of a type of alga, which
make the normally crystal-clear water appear a deep
orange red. However, some speculate that it could also
stem from the nearby red-tinged mountain range called
Mount Hor, or from the Egyptian desert, which was once
known as “red land” during the ancient Egyptian times.

Hurghada
Hurghada was established at the beginning of the
twentieth century and became an internationally
recognized resort where all kinds of marine sports could
be practiced. It is special for having a large number
of important touristic accommodations, including
both Egyptian and international chains. Additionally,
northward lies El Gouna which is also famous for its
touristic resorts.
How to get there? It is accessible by car, bus and you may
also wish to start your trip at either Luxor or Cairo and then
fly to Hurghada, which has a domestic and international
airport ready for arrival and departure of charter flights.
What to see?
What to see or do? Hurghada is considered an ideal
location for relaxing, enjoy the sun and beaches.
Besides, exploring the splendour of the underwater
life with its vibrant painting of colourful coral reefs and
unique fishes.
44

SAFAGA
lies about 40 kms south of Hurghada and possess
beautiful black sand dunes, which is prominent for its
effective therapeutic qualities.
MARSA ALAM
Considered a haven for divers and the perfect
location for fishing trips. It has coral reefs that provide
a magnificent atmosphere to dive. In the south is
a national park that extends from “Elba mountain”
which is 135 kms from Quseir reaching up to Luxor.
Marsa ‘Alam remarkably an easy to reach site is
considered a fascinating new destination for both
tourism and diving.
An advantage that allows travelers to reach from
Luxor by land within 2 hours and fifteen minutes or to
its international airport.

SUEZ
lies about 135 kms east of Cairo. It is an important port ever since
the seventh century A.D. However, by the fifteenth century it
became a naval base. In 1869 the Suez Canal was inaugurated
causing the development of the city of Suez, marking it
nowadays as an important international city. It became one of
Egypt’s largest ports playing a vital role in the country’s economy,
since it became a major source of foreign currency revenue.
‘Ain Sokhna
is an assemblage of warm water springs which are only 120 kms
east of Cairo. Its beaches are of splendidly soft sand alongside
coral reefs that propose fishing and water sports.
What to see?
The Red Sea region thrives with archaeological and
historical sites of different eras including Pharaonic, Roman
and Byzantine times. Example of the latter includes the
monasteries of St. Antonius, St. Paul, as well as some Islamic
monuments.
46

SINAI
The origin of the name is related to the Mesopotamian
moon god “Sin”, an Akkadian word. Thus, it was called
the land of the moon, the land of peace and turquoise
waters. It occupies a strategic geographical location, a
connecting point between Asia and Africa, it separates
the Mediterranean and Red Seas. It is an ideal triangular
peninsula, lush with diverse florae, more than 5000 types of
florae, more than 46 kinds of birds, Moreover, it is known for
many water wells full of underground water. It is the land of
gold, oil, and many minerals. The locals are living with each
other despite their dissimilar faiths. Especially that in Sinai
the commencements of three monotheistic religions began
where all three prophets had passed within. The total land
surface is 61 000 km2 and the peninsula is divided into two
parts: northern and southern Sinai.
How to reach there? By both car or bus, you will need to go
through the tunnel of Ahmed Hamdy which lies below the
Suez Canal. Planes usually fly in from Cairo airport into Sharm
el-Sheikh airport.
47

What to see?
Sarabit el-Khadem temple is dedicated to the cow goddess
of love, Hathor and it dates back to the Pharaonic times.
The Gindi citadel, was used to ward off attacks of the
crusaders. It was built by Salah el -Din el-Ayouby (1176 A.D)
The Pharoon citadel, also built by Salah el-Din has an
interesting Islamic architectural form and lies about 2 kms
away from the city of Taba.
St. Catherine’s monastery was built in the 4th century A.D.
and embraces a main Great church built in 342 A.D. and a
Fatimid mosque. The monastery has a library that includes
thousands of unique ancient books written in several
languages. In addition to the oldest collection of ancient
icons of the Christian world.
Recreational, adventure and healing tourism
Sinai offers amazing beaches, a haven for scuba divers.
There are therapeutic spas, marine sports, safari trips with
four wheel-drive cars, and beach buggies that drive through
the desert. Furthermore, you may enjoy the unusual diverse
fauna species besides the stunning natural landscape.
48
Water sports in Sharm El-Sheikh are
so popular since it is one of the most
prominent diving sites in the whole world.
Natural reserve parks and protectorates
include Ra’as Mohamed, which is a worldwide
exclusive site known for its hot water
springs, unique plants and birds’ species, as
well as experiencing the best coral reefs.

SOUTH SINAI
lt extends from Taba on the Gulf of Aqaba through the north of
Al-Tih Desert (the labyrinth) to Ras Messalla on the Gulf of Suez in
the west till Ras Mohammed in the south.
SHARM EL-SHEIKH
Sharm El Sheikh is a city rich with sea resources of flora and fauna.
You may enjoy several water sports, especially the diving in clear
waters with all shades of blue starting with dark blue and ending
up with turquoise blue. Through its crystal-clear waters, you can
see coral reefs and colourful unique fishes enriching the waters all
the way down to the seabed.
There are specific water routes for glass-bottom boats or
submarines that will allow you to enjoy all such beauty without
the necessity to wear any diving gear.
Sharm’s cuisine presents a variety of exceptional delicacies and
grilled sea food platters. It is also possible to go into the desert by
camels or jeeps to enjoy a Bedouin night; where stars shine, and
traditional Bedouin grilled plates are offered.
DAHAB
is an Arabic word which means “gold” referring to the
golden beaches and the turquoise waters, a perfect spot
that offers absolute relaxation.
TABA
lies 7 km away from Nuweiba. It is the furthermost
borders of Aqaba gulf where Egypt, Jordan, Israel and
Saudia Arabia meet. It is of charming beauty, blue
waters, many splendid sand dunes that are considered
major highlights. Taba also has an international airport.
Egypt enjoys a lush fauna, with fourty-two types of birds
that worth-seeing
NORTH SINAI
extends from Balouzza in the west all the way east up until
Rafah.
How to get there? By car, bus or plane from Cairo to ‘Arish.
49

OASES

OASES
Oases in Egypt are preserved as heavenly reserves that
are not affected by prevailing life, and the encroaching of
modernism onto the tough desert. The Egyptian Oases are
considered one of the most distinct in the world, where you
can enjoy the tranquility of the Bedouin life, eat dates and
even stuffed pigeons from its matchless pigeon towers.
Discover the splendour and glory of the desert by either
camels or 4x4 wheel- safari cars that are permitted on
certain paths. Furthermore, experience spending the night
under the stars followed by a morning bath in one of its
warm sulphur springs.

BAHARIYA
lies in a low basin surrounded by black
mountains, villages, agricultural fields and of an
by incredible landscape.
EL- KHARGA
The largest oasis in Wadi Gedeed where on the
outskirts of the city lies the beautiful Pharonic
Hebes temple.
El- DAKHLA
Was The capital of the oasis region during
Pharonic times. It has the ancient village of
“Mut” which is situated on the highest hill of the
town and features mud brick walls and narrow
lanes. It is known as “Al Qasr” or the palace,
a real labyrinth of allies with very interesting
ancient Islamic mudbrick houses.
52

FARAFRA
Has the Roman ruins of Qasr el Farafra and Qasr Abu Minqar.
The White desert is a must see to all of the Wadi Gedeed
(New Valley) visitors. A unique, surreal trip that displays
rock formations that have been weather-beaten. It may
be visited by camels but most commonly by jeeps. These
trips usually offer a hot meal accompanied by the delicious
typical Bedouin baked bread in the underground hot sand.
Usually itineraries are arranged to begin from Farafra oasis.
SIWA
Reached by heading west of Alexandria and then south to one
of the most mesmerizing oases, whose history is celebrated for
Alexander the Great’s visit to the temple of Amun.
What to see?
Adventure trips from the village of Mut are arranged
to visit the rock-cut tombs of Al Muzwaqa (wonderfully
decorated) necropolis with 300 rock-hewn tombs and
the Roman temple of Deir El-Hagar (stone monastery).
Palm trees- Farafra Oasis

Temperatures in degrees centigrade
Distances in kilometers

Grand
Egyptian
Museum
( GEM)
gelf kebir
elba
elba
EGYPT MAP