GC_2503

ISSN:1386 0194
32025 (101)
Report
• 20 years JenVis
Research
Technology
• Novel bioinspired
polymeric material
Manufacturing
• The legacy lab
Fitting Background
• Zernike & HOA
• Myopia Management
Business & Marketing
• Polite or cowardly?
Eyepress Fachmedien GmbH
Saarner Str. 151
45479 Muelheim a. d. Ruhr
Germany

Seven-time winner.
NE
CLEAR CHOICE.
Favorite Gas Permeable Lens Material—
seven years running.
They say seven is lucky—but when you’ve won the EyeVote
Readers’ Choice Award that many years, there’s no luck
involved. It’s the result of tireless research and development,
providing innovative products that meet patient needs,
and backing them with unmatched service and support.
Thanks for making us #1 again.
Contact your authorized Boston ® Materials lab today.
2025
ONE CATEGORY WINNER
www.fit-boston.eu
©2025 Bausch + Lomb. 10292025EU-1

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
Real People. Real Stories.
The end of the year is approaching – and with it often
comes a time to look back on the past 12 months. We at
GlobalCONTACT would also like to do this and ask
ourselves what we can do even better for you, our readers.
In which topics are you most interested? What content have
you been missing for a long time? Are you familiar with
the digital version of our magazine, or do you prefer the
printed edition so you can browse through it at your
convenience? What other formats do you find exciting?
Are you also interested in videos or audio features?
That is precisely why we would like to provide some clarity
at this point: GlobalCONTACT is a trade journal with a
focus on technology. It is therefore in the nature of things
that we are open to new technologies and AI.
At the same time, we have very clear guidelines for dealing
with AI. You will never receive a text generated by AI from
us. We promise you that our articles are always written by
industry experts or, in the case of texts written by journalists,
have been professionally researched to the best of our
knowledge and belief.
If you would like to answer these questions for us, please
follow this link. And don't worry, we don't want to take up
too much of your time in your already busy schedule so close
to the end of the year. In just a few clicks and a maximum of
five minutes, you can get back to other things.
Scan the QR code to go directly to
the short survey. Alternatively, you
can also go to www.global-cl.com.
And if you do happen to find a technical error in our work,
you can be sure that it was made by a human being, and
you are welcome to give me your feedback personally.
But just as AI brings advantages in machines or for
monitoring, it also does so in our everyday editorial work
– and we do not shy away from these advantages. However,
AI is used here exclusively for support purposes. For
example, for rough transcription of interviews or sometimes
for creating a special lead photo.
As a journalistic medium, we are also often asked about our
use of AI. No wonder, after all, the debate about deep-fakes
and AI-generated news is highly topical and controversial.
Behind GlobalCONTACT is a team of people, and as such,
we would like to take this opportunity to thank you for
your trust in our medium and the people behind it. The
entire GlobalCONTACT team wishes you a peaceful
Christmas and a happy New Year! ■
SILKE SAGE
Editor-In-Chief
silke@global-cl.com
PAULINE MÖLLER
Media Consultant
EFSTATHIOS EFTHIMIADIS
Creative Director
PETROS SIOUTIS
CEO
PASCAL BRUNS
Media Designer
REBEKKA NURKANOVIC
Editor
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
3

CONTENT
ISSN:1386 0194
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
3 Real People. Real Stories.
Silke Sage
32025 (101)
Report
• 20 years JenVis
Research
Technology
• Novel bioinspired
polymeric material
Manufacturing
• The legacy lab
Fitting Background
• Zernike & HOA
• Myopia Management
Business & Marketing
• Polite or cowardly?
Eyepress Fachmedien GmbH
Saarner Str. 151
45479 Muelheim a. d. Ruhr
Germany
01_Titel.indd 1 24.11.25 16:12
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
Title: Contamac,
www.contamac.com
Inside front cover: Bausch + Lomb Inc.,
www.bausch.com
Page 4: Advance Medical Srl ,
www.advancemedical.eu
Page 7: K & Y Diamond Ltd,
www.kydiamond.ca
Page 9: SCHNEIDER GmbH & Co. KG,
www.schneider-om.com
Page 13: DAC International, Inc.,
www.dac-intl.com
Page 15: LAMBDA-X S.A.,
www.lambda-x.com
Page 23: SUB MICRON TOOLING B.V. ,
www.submicrontooling.com
Page 27: REM Vision Technologies SL,
www.remvt.com
Page 29: Larsen Equipment Design Inc.,
www.larsenequipment.com
Page 41: Larsen Equipment Design Inc.,
www.larsenequipment.com
Page 45: AMETEK Precitech, Inc.,
www.precitech.com
Inside back cover: Efclin,
www.efclin.com
Outside back cover: DAC International, Inc.,
www.dac-intl.com
NAMES TO NOTE
Aalbers, Wim 28
Larsen, Erik 30
Marx, Sebastian 42
Morgan, Philip 50
Otero, Sabine 36
Polonyi, Philipp 40
Rosencrantz, R. Ruben 18
Roth, Hans-Walter 46
Schumacher, Oliver 44
Sickenberger, Wolfgang 42
Storsberg, Joachim 18
van der Worp, Eef 32
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
6 All about you
10 All about products
12 All about markets
14 Big Bang in Prague: A new weekly contact lens
Silke Sage
16 All about research
TECHNOLOGY
18 Novel bioinspired polymeric material concepts and
applications for functionalized contact lenses and keratoprostheses
Ruben R. Rosencrantz and Joachim Storsberg
24 Enhanced protection against electromagnetic radiation
Rebekka Nurkanovic
26 Contact lenses for infrared vision
Rebekka Nurkanovic
MANUFACTURING
30 The legacy lab
Erik Larsen
FITTING BACKGROUND
32 Vision impossible? Frits Zernike & HOA
Eef van der Worp
36 Myopia Management: A guide through awareness, science and practice
Sabine Otero
REPORT
28 Wait a minute… What are you doing there?
Wim Aalbers
40 40 years of trust – the Falco Linsen AG Story
Philipp Polonyi
42 20 years of JenVis Redearch: International conference for optometry and vision science
Silke Sage
BUSINESS & MARKETING
44 Polite or cowardly?
Oliver Schumacher
HISTORY
46 The colored contact lens
Hans-Walter Roth
MAGAZINE
48 Yellow Pages
50 Closing Words: Philip Morgan
Professor of Optometry, Head of Optometry, Deputy Head of the Division of Pharmacy and Optometry,
and Director of Eurolens Research at The University of Manchester
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
5

INTERNATIONAL NEWS
All about you
New chief innovation and education officer at BostonSight
BostonSight announced that Karen Carrasquillo, OD, PhD, FAAO, FSLS, FBCLA, has been
appointed chief innovation and education officer. She formerly served as senior vice president,
clinical and professional affairs. “Karen has an unwavering commitment to excellence in
advancing clinical and professional initiatives and driving product innovation,” said Sara
Yost, president and CEO of BostonSight. “As chief innovation and education officer, she will
drive new product development through validated research and expand publication strategies
to strengthen our market leadership and promote clinical excellence.” According to BostonSight,
Dr. Karen Carrasquillo
Dr. Carrasquillo’s leadership has rocketed BostonSight’s presence across the global eyecare
community, building strong clinical partnerships, sharing educational expertise, and advancing
BostonSight’s mission to transform the understanding and care of the ocular surface. She has spearheaded the launch
of numerous key innovations, including BostonSight Scleral, BostonSight’s “Smart Suite” of advanced lens features,
and FitAcademy, the international education program for residents and practicing eye care professionals. “I’m honored
to step into the role of chief innovation and education officer at BostonSight,” said Dr. Carrasquillo. “I’m deeply
committed to expanding access to life-changing scleral lens technology and equipping practitioners with the knowledge
and tools they need to transform patient care.”
Focused inSights 2025: Myopia Management
The Vision Council has announced the release of Focused inSights 2025: Myopia Management, a new two-part report
that combines international context with U.S. provider perspectives. The first part encompasses comparative myopia
treatment strategies, a global review of pediatric myopia treatments across the U.S., Canada, the U.K., and the EU,
covering regulatory approvals, product availability, and recent milestones like the EU’s approval of Ryjunea atropine
drops and France’s reimbursement for myopia control spectacle lenses. The second part, the U.S. provider survey,
delivers insights from 293 optometrists, practice owners, and managers on how myopia management is practiced,
which treatments are prescribed most, and the challenges providers face, from cost to patient compliance. Highlights
include the insight that 91% of U.S. eyecare providers recommend yearly pediatric myopia screenings, that MiSight
contact lenses are the most commonly prescribed treatment (81%), that providers cite excessive screen time (82%),
genetics (82%), and lack of outdoor activity (77%) as leading risk factors and that cost (86%), parental understanding
(56%), and compliance (49%) remain the biggest challenges to care. The complete Focused inSights report is available
online at The Vision Council's research download center.
Contact lens update explores pre-myopia
The Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) has published an edition of Contact Lens Update, dedicated to
rapidly accelerating interest in pre-myopia that is influencing risk assessment, early intervention, and myopia
management among clinicians. Guidance from four expert contributors includes strategies, technologies, and clinical
insights for the pediatric and primary eye care communities. The bi-monthly resource is available at no charge by
visiting ContactLensUpdate.com. “Understanding and addressing pre-myopia has the potential to transform clinical
practice, enabling eye care professionals to identify at-risk children earlier and better implement targeted interventions.
With growing evidence and innovative management approaches, clinicians can now offer more personalized, proactive
care that aims to reduce the burden of myopia later in life,” said Daddi Fadel, clinical scientist at CORE.
6
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

INTERNATIONAL NEWS
Lenz Therapeutics Reports third quarter 2025 financial results
Lenz Therapeutics, Inc., a pharmaceutical company focused on the commercialization of their aceclidine ophthalmic solution
1.44% for the treatment of presbyopia (Vizz TM ), reported financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025 and
recent corporate highlights. “We are very pleased with the first weeks of the Vizz launch as we introduce our exciting new
solution for the treatment of presbyopia into the marketplace and have been highly encouraged by the enthusiasm from the ECP
community, as evidenced by the over 2,500 unique prescribers and impressively over 5,000 prescriptions filled through October.
Early patient feedback has been very positive, and it is undisputed that VIZZ is highly effective at restoring near vision with
rapid onset and long duration,” said Eef Schimmelpennink, president and chief executive officer of Lenz Therapeutics. “The
months ahead promise to continue to be very exciting, and we are proud to announce today our partnership with Sarah Jessica
Parker as campaign spokesperson to lead the Vizz DTC campaign which we intend to launch in Q1 2026.” The reported third
quarter 2025 and recent commercial highlights are: | FDA approval of Vizz for the treatment of presbyopia was announced in
July as the first and only aceclidine-based eye drop approved to improve near vision in adults with presbyopia. | Commercial
product launch in October 2025, supported by 88-territory sales force and ten-member inside sales team, with broad commercial
product availability in mid-Q4 2025. | Commercial launch focus in Q4 2025 on eye care professionals’ awareness, confidence
and willingness to prescribe. The company also achieved and received payment for multiple milestones under its development
and commercialization agreement with Corxel Pharmaceuticals in China totaling ten million dollar and in July 2025, announced
an exclusive license and commercialization agreement granting Laboratoires Théa rights to register and commercialize Vizz
for the treatment of presbyopia in Canada.
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INTERNATIONAL NEWS
In memory of Kitty Aalbers
† 20 October 2025
We were deeply saddened to learn of the passing of Kitty Aalbers, who died on
20 October 2025 after a long and serious illness.
For over six decades, she stood by her husband Wim Aalbers, former publisher of GlobalContact and long-time
managing director of EFCLIN. Kitty Aalbers was a familiar face in our industry – always present, committed and full
of kindness. I had known her since 2009, when we met at Wim and Kitty's house for the handover of our magazine.
I remember Kitty as a warm-hearted, humorous and cheerful person who always struck the right note and was
incredibly well-connected and well-known in our industry. Above all, she was always by Wim's side, and it was hard
to imagine the two of them apart. Many remember her as a caring companion, as part of EFCLIN and part of the
GlobalContact family, and as a personality who built bridges between people with openness and charm.
We will remember Kitty Aalbers with gratitude. Our sincere condolences go out to Wim Aalbers, his family and
all those who were close to her.
In silent remembrance – Silke Sage and the entire GlobalContact team.
Optometry Giving Sight hosted inaugural Brien Holden Founders Award dinner
Optometry Giving Sight (OGS) hosted the inaugural Brien Holden Founders
Award dinner on October 7 in memory of Prof. Brien Holden, PhD. This year
marks the tenth anniversary of his passing. The event was held in Boston, MA,
prior to the American Academy of Optometry’s 2025 annual meeting. During
the evening OGS presented the first OGS Brien Holden Founders Awards.
“Brien was an international leader in bringing awareness to, and addressing,
uncorrected refractive error (URE) globally,” says OGS U.S. Board Chair Dr.
Juan Carlos Aragon. “He spent his entire career working to eradicate preventable
Prof. Brien Holden
blindness and vision impairment caused by UREs.” In 2003, Holden along with the Brien
Holden Vision Institute (BHVI) team, brought together leaders from the World Council of
Optometry (WCO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) to discuss the need for a
different approach to addressing URE – one rooted in the proverb: “Give a man a fish, and he eats for a day. Teach a
man to fish, and he eats for a lifetime.” At the time, most efforts to address URE focused on optometrist-led mission
trips to areas with no access to eye care. “While these initiatives provided valuable one-time eye exams and eyeglasses
to people in need, they lacked long-term, sustainable solutions to the ongoing need for primary eye care,” says Aragon.
“Brien, along with BHVI, WCO and IAPB leadership, recognized that the root cause of URE was the lack of optometry
professionals and infrastructure to support optometry in developing countries,” says Aragon. “So, they established
Optometry Giving Sight as a fundraising entity to support global projects that provide education and clinical training
for optometrists, ensuring they can deliver care both now and in the future. Brien’s vision was to invest in education
and infrastructure that would build optometry and create lasting change.”
CooperVision and TotalEnergies cooperate for renewable plastic in CL packaging
TotalEnergies contributes to the CooperVision’s “Plastic Made Better” program by implementing certified renewable
polypropylene through a mass balance approach in certain CooperVision blister packs. The bio-certified polymer
is derived from the processing of renewable feedstock, primarily sunflower and rapeseed oils, at TotalEnergies’
bio-refinery in La Mède (France). Using the mass balance approach allows TotalEnergies to allocate the environmental
benefits of renewable feedstocks across the value chain. The ISCC Plus-certified polypropylene enables CooperVision
to improve the environmental footprint of their packaging without altering its original materials or compromising
performance. ISCC Plus-certified polypropylene is part of TotalEnergies’ renewable range. According to a cradleto-gate
life cycle analysis conducted by TotalEnergies, renewable polypropylene grades can allow a reduction of
2.3 kg CO2eq per kilogram of polypropylene when replacing its fossil-based equivalent from TotalEnergies.
8
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

INTERNATIONAL NEWS
Bausch + Lomb announced third-quarter 2025 results
Bausch + Lomb Corporation announced its third-quarter 2025 financial results. “We’re delivering on the vision we laid out in
2023, with a base business engine that continues to hum and steady introduction of innovative products across categories,” said
Brent Saunders, chairman and CEO, Bausch + Lomb. As select highlights, the company reports delivered broad-based revenue
growth across all segments, led by pharmaceuticals and vision care, expanded leadership in dry eye with strong growth in Miebo,
regained momentum in premium IOLs with growth in enVista® and Lux platforms and an advanced R&D pipeline with the
next-gen Lumify® Phase 3 study meeting all primary and secondary endpoints and initiating enrollment for bioactive lens,
next-gen lifitegrast, ocular surface pain and glaucoma clinical studies. Total reported revenue was 1.281 billion US Dollar for
the third quarter of 2025, as compared to 1.196 billion US Dollar in the third quarter of 2024, an increase of 85 million US
Dollar, or 7%. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign exchange of 19 million US Dollar, revenue increased by approximately
6% on a constant currency basis compared to the third quarter of 2024. The vision care segment revenue was 736 million US
Dollar for the third quarter of 2025, as compared to 684 million US Dollar for the third quarter of 2024, an increase of 52 million
US Dollar, or 8%. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign exchange of 11 million US Dollar, segment revenue increased on a
constant currency basis by approximately 6% compared to the third quarter of 2024. This was primarily driven by the over-thecounter
dry eye portfolio and eye vitamins in the consumer business and growth in SiHy Daily lenses and Biotrue Oneday in
the contact lens business.
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INTERNATIONAL NEWS
BostonSight held annual FitAcademy retreat in Boston
BostonSight held its annual FitAcademy retreat for cornea and contact lens
residents and fellows at New England College of Optometry (NECO) in Boston,
September 12-13, 2025. This year marked the seventh annual event bringing
together cornea and contact lens residents and fellows from sites throughout the
United States and Canada for a weekend packed with top clinical content. This
year, 33 residents attended the event, which included hands-on wet lab training.
Thanks to funding from BostonSight and support from sponsors, students attend
FitAcademy at little to no cost. FitAcademy for residents remains a core component
FitAcademy Class of 2025
of BostonSight’s educational arm as the organization works to expand access to
scleral lenses and the best clinical care around the world. “We are incredibly grateful for our sponsors—NECO, Glaukos Corporation,
Contamac, and Tangible Science,” said Karen G. Carrasquillo, OD, PhD, FAAO, FSLS, FBCLA, BostonSight’s chief innovation and
education officer and director of the FitAcademy program. “Their support not only makes this program possible for residents at
the start of their careers, but also demonstrates their strong commitment to nurturing and guiding the next generation of optometrists.”
Topcon Healthcare announced strategic investment in Senseye
Topcon Healthcare announced a strategic investment in Senseye, Inc., a US-based innovator developing the first
mental health diagnostic platform powered by ocular biomarkers. Senseye technology uses AI and computer vision
to analyze ocular metrics such as pupil dynamics and eye movement, captured via a smartphone camera. The data
is translated into validated digital biomarkers to support diagnosis and monitoring of post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This is Topcon Healthcare’s
first investment in technology for mental health and neuropsychiatry. Traditional approaches rely on subjective
questionnaires. “Senseye is breaking new ground by providing objective, measurable mental health assessments
from the eye,” said Ali Tafreshi, CEO & president of Topcon Healthcare, Inc. “Their work exemplifies our ‘Healthcare
from the Eye’ vision, expanding the role of ocular data beyond eye and systemic disease into psychiatry. We are
proud to support Senseye in accelerating their mission and see exciting opportunities for future collaboration.” As
global demand for mental health solutions increases, this partnership represents a pivotal step in transforming
how mental health is screened, diagnosed, and managed, says Topcon.
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All about products
FocalPoints Packaging Management – Integrated. Flexible. Compliant.
The new Packaging Management module expands the FocalPoints® ecosystem with seamless control of
packaging, documentation, and UDI codes in one integrated environment. Built for MDR, it adapts to different
market and regulatory needs through flexible, rule-based filters that define how
each product is packaged and labeled. From primary to secondary packaging,
from BoM and CoC to fitting-sets, every element stays synchronized within the
same workflow. With a powerful visual Packaging Designer and full UDI
integration, labs can align easily with complex global requirements while
maintaining full traceability. Designed for integration and flexibility, it turns
compliance into a competitive strength. www.advancemedical.eu
10
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

INTERNATIONAL NEWS
All about products
Advertisement
NIMO Matrix: A 4-in-1 Metrology System for IOL Production
by Lambda-X Ophthalmics
The NIMO Matrix by Lambda-X is an advanced metrology system designed to
streamline and enhance quality control for intraocular lenses. It combines
optical power, Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), dimension and thickness
measurements into a single, fully automated system that can test up to 300
lenses per hour. The Matrix provides full exibility to measure either Dry or
In-Solution lens batch with excellent consistency and high throughout. Fully
customizable to meet manufacturers’ needs, the NIMO Matrix boosts productivity,
improves production flow, enhances quality control and ensures traceability
across the production process. www.lambda-x.net – sales@lambda-x.net
We’re a Great Fit
At Contamac, being the right fit for your lens designs means delivering materials
that meet every challenge. Our trusted Optimum range of GP materials offer
flexibility in oxygen permeability and excellent wettability, while Optimum Infinite
rewrites the rules of hyper Dk materials with balanced properties for scleral and
ortho-k lenses. Complementing this, our soft lens material portfolio includes the
industry’s widest selection of soft and silicone hydrogel materials to suit your needs.
For the intraocular industry, our globally renowned CI26 hydrophilic and HI56
hydrophobic materials provide the platforms needed to support your IOL
requirements. We’re committed to innovating with you, to ensure your lab has the
confidence and capability to achieve outstanding results. www.contamac.com
Chris Pantle joins SCHNEIDER as Sales Manager IOL & CL
With nearly 40 years in the optical machinery business – including 38
years dedicated to the custom contact lens and intraocular lens precision
diamond turning lathes and milling machinery – Chris brings a wealth
of expertise to SCHNEIDER. He joins to promote the UPC product
range to the CL and IOL markets across the Americas. With experience
from Coburn Optical, Lamda Polytech and DAC International, Chris
brings unrivaled industry experience and knowledge. He is also a keen
advocate of the CLMA and the GPLI, where he has served in many
capacities for more than 25 years. “Chris is widely recognized and highly respected for his deep expertise.
We are delighted to have him join our team and help drive further growth in the contact lens and IOL
market.” – Gunter Schneider, President at SCHNEIDER. www.schneider-om.com
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
11

INTERNATIONAL NEWS
All about markets
Reasons for
contact lens wear
In a survey for CLI’s See Tomorrow initiative, Gen Z and
Global cloud market
In the first half of , the global cloud market grew at a
rate of almost 25% and is likely to surpass
millennials selected personal appearance and freedom from
glasses as their top two reason for contact lens wear. 54%
of the Gen X group chose freedom from glasses most often,
followed by a lack of visual obstruction (53%).
Source: Contactlens Institute (CLI)
USD 400 billion in revenue this year. GenAI is the major
driver of this growth. Amazon maintains a strong lead in the market,
while Microsoft and Google continue to achieve
higher growth rates.
Statista, Synergy Research Group
Eyewear sales trends
Total sales for the global eyewear industry are expected
to exceed USD 160 million in 2025. This is an increase of
4.8% over current levels. The highest growth rates are
expected for glasses and contact lenses for myopia control.
Disposable daily lenses also continue to see strong
single-digit growth.
Source: Euromonitor International
37.1%
Global smart contact lenses
market size
According to Fortune Business Insights, the global smart contact
lenses market size is projected to reach USD 9,725.5 million by
2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 37.1% during the forecast period.
12
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

-A
Precision Without Compromise
Redefining the Role of Blocking in Lens Manufacturing
When planning a new manufacturing facility – or optimizing an existing one – it’s easy to focus on the lathe and
overlook the importance of supporting processes such as material handling and blocking. Yet, even the most
advanced lathe cannot deliver true precision if upstream or downstream processes introduce error.
In contact lens and IOL manufacturing, the lathe may be the
centerpiece of production, but its accuracy is only as good as
the precision of every process surrounding it. The reality is
simple: a micron of misalignment in blocking can negate the
sub-micron precision of even the best CNC lathe.
Today’s CNC lathes and design software enable manufacturers
to produce lenses with extraordinary control of geometry and
surface quality. But this precision can be easily compromised
by a single misaligned surface or unintended prism.
“If back and front surfaces are not perfectly aligned, you can get
decentered optics, prism, and poorly formed edges,” says Manoel
Carvalho, Director of Lab Operations and Fitting Consultant at
BostonSight in Needham, Massachusetts. “All lenses need perfect
optics. However, when dealing with multifocal or HOA correction,
that becomes even more critical.”
Recognizing how critical blocking precision is to overall lens
quality, DAC International reimagined the blocker from the
ground up. The DAC Precision Blocker is a no-compromise
solution for RGP, soft, and IOL lens blocking – engineered to
preserve the full precision potential of DAC lathes by ensuring
exact alignment and repeatability in every block.
Built on a rigid ½” steel frame with optimized thermal management,
the DAC Precision Blocker maintains calibration with
remarkable stability – eliminating the need for frequent recalibration
and ensuring consistency across shifts and operators. The
result is repeatable precision, minimal downtime, and consistently
superior optics.
For Greg Wicker, former Maintenance Manager at X-Cel Specialty
Contacts in Duluth, Georgia, the precision advantage translates
directly into measurable savings:
“Based on the average maintenance tech spending about 15
minutes setting a traditional blocker twice a day—that’s 30
minutes daily, or 127.5 hours a year. Although more expensive
than traditional blockers, the DAC blocker pays for itself through
reduced prism-related rejects and less downtime.”
Precision, however, must coexist with versatility. The DAC
Precision Blocker was designed for the realities of modern
specialty manufacturing. Safe and consistent wax dosing, interchangeable
wax pots, and a fully programmable interface give
labs the flexibility to handle the complete spectrum of RGP, soft,
and IOL products.
DAC Precision Blocker
Drop volume is adjustable from zero to 2.5ml, and multiple
drops can be programmed for precise wax control. Wax pots are
hot-swappable, enabling instant changeovers between materials,
while an onboard timer allows automatic wax pot warm-up –
eliminating morning setup delays.
Every aspect of the DAC Precision Blocker is built for control.
Its intuitive LCD touch screen enables full programmability of
critical parameters including drop count, temperature, and
air-cooling cycles. Six independent blocking tables allow users
to configure, save, and recall optimized settings tailored to
specific processes or materials.
Precision in blocking is not optional – it is mission critical. By
addressing every potential source of variability, DAC International
delivers a robust, flexible, and uncompromising solution that ensures
precision is maintained from the first block to the final polish.
Designed for the future of automation, DAC’s blockers feature
built-in hardware that ensures smooth, reliable integration with
fully automated manufacturing systems.
This is precision engineering, redefined. This is blocking without
compromise.
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
13

INTERNATIONAL NEWS
Photos left: Silke Sage, photo right: Alcon
Big Bang in Prague
Launch of a new 7-day contact lens
With the Europe-wide launch of its new 7-day lens “Precision7,” Alcon set a strong signal in Prague in October. Around
400 eye care professionals from 30 countries gathered at the Nova Spirála venue, where the company presented its
new product to a large audience for the first time. The lens is scheduled to be available in Europe from anuary
developed for consumers who prefer shorter replacement intervals but do not want to use daily disposables. By Silke Sage
The Alcon event in Prague set new benchmarks. The choice of
the modern, centrally located “Nova Spirála” – a circular theatre
with a rising spiral auditorium and a 360-degree stage – created
an unusually immersive environment with close proximity
between presenters and audience.
A number of Alcon employees were on hand to welcome the
numerous international delegates. In addition to the
presentations, ther was also time for collegial exchanges during
the breaks. Guest speakers included Professor Lyndon Jones
(University of Waterloo, CORE, Canada) and Professor Philip
Morgan (University of Manchester, UK).
Why a weekly lens?
The 7-day modality is not new but has rarely been present in
the market, even though weekly routines support compliance.
Users simply choose their personal start day – reflected in
Alcon’s claim “Pick a Day!”.
Precision7 is based on a completely new material developed
over roughly ten years and supported by 18 studies and
significant R&D investment. At the core is Activ-Flo technology:
a hydrophilic agent embedded in the matrix works together
with a surface moisturizer that continuously releases hydration
for seven days. Wettability remains stable even on day seven.
According to Vania Figueiredo, Director Professional Education
Europe, the release mechanism had to match material behavior,
tear film interaction and care compatibility. Other applications
could be possible in the future but are not a current priority.
Portfolio positioning and price
Precision7 is one of Alcon’s most thoroughly researched
products. The lens launches immediately with a toric version;
a multifocal is planned. It targets wearers who prefer shorter
replacement intervals without switching to dailies. Pricing will
be positioned between monthly and daily lenses. Important
for the EU-market: the pricing will be uniform – an approach
intended to limit online price pressure and support smaller
practices.
…and cl-care?
Precision7 has been tested with common all-in-one and peroxide
systems; none affected Activ-Flo. Officially marketed as a weekly
lens, extended wear up to six nights is permitted but communicated
cautiously.
In Prague, the product was presented across research, marketing
and practice-relevant aspects, including early user feedback on
stage. Market launch for Europe is planned for January 2026. •
14
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

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INTERNATIONAL NEWS
All about research
Air pollution linked to vision, predictive AI for keratoconus and a new color visible
study suggests that air pollution may significantly impact childrens eyesight. Researchers from the U
have successfully used artificial intelligence to predict which patients need treatment to stabilize their
corneas. cientists at the University of California, Berkeley, have found a way to enable the eye to see a
new color. By Rebekka urkanovic
Cleaner air linked to better childhood vision
An international study suggests that air pollution may
significantly impact children’s eyesight, with cleaner air
improving visual health, particularly in younger age groups.
Researchers from Tianjin Medical University, the University
of Birmingham, and collaborating institutions report that
exposure to lower levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine
particulate matter (PM2.5) correlates with better uncorrected
visual acuity in school-aged children. Their findings, published
in PNAS Nexus, indicate that reducing air pollution could slow
the progression of myopia, which is rising globally, especially
in East Asia.
While genetics and lifestyle factors such as screen time remain
major contributors to myopia, the study highlights air quality
as a modifiable environmental risk factor. Using advanced
machine learning, the team analyzed interactions between
genetic, lifestyle, and environmental influences on vision
development. Children living in areas with cleaner air
consistently demonstrated better eyesight after controlling for
other variables. Primary school students were most sensitive
to pollution, showing the greatest improvements when air
quality improved. Conversely, older children and those with
severe myopia were less affected, suggesting early intervention
is critical.
Professor Zongbo Shi (University of Birmingham), co-supervisor
of the study, emphasized that “clean air isn’t just about respiratory
health – it’s about visual health too.” Polluted air can trigger
eye inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemical changes that
16
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

INTERNATIONAL NEWS
alter eye shape, contributing to myopia. Reduced sunlight
exposure due to smog further compounds the problem, as
natural light is essential for healthy eye development.
The authors propose practical measures such as installing air
purifiers in classrooms, creating “clean-air zones” around
schools, and restricting traffic during drop-off and pick-up
times. These interventions could help protect children’s vision
during their most vulnerable developmental years. Co-author
Dr. Yuqing Dai (University of Birmingham) commented that
acting before severe myopia sets in makes a real difference,
noting that “while we can’t change a child’s genes, we can
improve their environment.”
Source University of Birmingham
Research paper (open access): Chen, uing Dai, Ruihua Wei, Bei Du, Congchao Lu,
Robert acenzie, ai-un Tang, ongbo hi, Hua an, Benefits of clean air for school
childrens vision health, P eus, olume , Issue 9, eptember , pgaf9,
httpsdoi.org1.19pnasneuspgaf9
I predicts need for cornea treatment
Researchers have successfully used artificial intelligence (AI) to
predict which patients need treatment to stabilize their corneas
and preserve their eyesight, in a study presented at the 43rd
Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive
Surgeons (ESCRS).
The research focused on people with keratoconus, a visual
impairment that generally develops in teenagers and young
adults and tends to worsen into adulthood. It affects up to 1 in
350 people. In some cases, the condition can be managed with
contact lenses, but in others it deteriorates quickly and if it is
not treated, patients may need a corneal transplant. Currently
the only way to tell who needs treatment is to monitor patients
over time.
The researchers used AI to assess images of patients’ eyes,
combined with other data, and to successfully predict which
patients needed prompt treatment and which could continue
with monitoring. The study was by Dr Shafi Balal and colleagues
at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, and
University College London (UCL), UK.
The study involved a group of patients who were referred to
Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust for keratoconus
assessment and monitoring, including scanning the front of the
eye with optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine its
shape. Researchers used AI to study 36,673 OCT images of 6,684
different patients along with other patient data.
The AI algorithm could accurately predict whether a patient’s
condition would deteriorate or remain stable using images and
data from the first visit alone. Using AI, the researchers could
sort two-thirds of patients into a low-risk group, who did not
need treatment, and the other third into a high-risk group, who
needed prompt cross-linking treatment. When information from
a second hospital visit was included, the algorithm could
successfully categorize up to 90% of patients.
The researchers are now developing a more powerful AI algorithm,
trained on millions of eye scans, that can be tailored for specific
tasks, including predicting keratoconus progression, but also other
tasks such as detecting eye infections and inherited eye diseases.
Source ECR Congress
Innovative techniue allows eye to see new color
Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley have
collaborated with researchers at the University of Washington
to enable the eye to see a new color. They describe the new color
“olo” as being blue-green and of unparalleled saturation. To
achieve this, they use a new technique called Oz that works by
using tiny doses of laser light to individually control up to 1,000
photoreceptors in the eye at one time. Using the technique, the
team can show people olo and other colors, lines, moving dots
and images of babies and fish.
Each type of cone cell in the human retina is sensitive to different
wavelengths of light: S cones detect shorter, bluer wavelengths;
M cones detect medium, greenish wavelengths; and L cones
detect longer, reddish wavelengths. The light wavelengths that
activate the M and L cones are almost entirely overlapping, which
means that 85% of the light that activates M cones also activates
L cones.
With a map of the unique arrangement of the S, M and L cone
cells on an individual’s retina, the Oz system can be programmed
to rapidly scan a laser beam over a small patch of the retina,
delivering tiny pulses of energy when the beam reaches a cone
that it wants to activate, and otherwise staying off. By primarily
activating the M cone cells, Oz can show people the new color olo.
The research team is now exploring possible use cases for Oz, among
others whether Oz could help people with color blindness to see
all colors. The article was published in the journal Science Advances.
Detailed information about the Oz technique can be found on
the UC Berkeley website: https://news.berkeley.edu/2025/04/22/
scientists-trick-the-eye-into-seeing-new-color-olo/
Source University of California Berkeley
Research paper (open access): ames ong et al., ovel color via stimulation of individual
photoreceptors at population scale.ci. dv.11,eadu1.DOI1.11sciadv.
adu1.
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
17

18
TECHNOLOGY

TECHNOLOGY
Novel bioinspired polymeric material
concepts and applications
for functionalized contact lenses and keratoprostheses
The development of biofunctionalized materials represents a paradigm shift in contact lens technology. By mimicking
natural biological structures such as mucins through synthetic (glyco)polymers, researchers are creating advanced materials
with tailored properties for improved wearing comfort, therapeutic drug delivery, enhanced biocompatibility, and diagnostic
applications. These biomimetic approaches significantly reduce friction and irritation while enabling sustained drug release
and real-time biosensing. This approach extends beyond contact lenses to keratoprostheses, demonstrating the broad
potential of bio-inspired polymer design in ophthalmology. By Ruben R. Rosencrantz and Joachim Storsberg
Biofunctional materials are defined as materials that are either
derived from biomass or interact specifically with biological
systems 1 . In the context of ophthalmic applications, biofunctionalization
refers to the targeted modification of material
surfaces to achieve specific biological responses, such as improved
biocompatibility, controlled cell adhesion, antimicrobial activity,
or targeted drug delivery 2 . The key advantage of biofunctional
materials lies in their ability to bridge the gap between synthetic
materials and living tissue, enabling seamless integration and
enhanced performance in physiological environments.
The concept of functional bioconjugation encompasses several
strategies, including the conjugation of proteins with
biofunctionalized polymers to enhance protein stability, enable
targeted delivery, facilitate cell uptake, and preserve enzymatic
activity. Additionally, surface coatings can be designed to prevent
unwanted adhesion, promote controlled cell adhesion like an
artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), enable sustained drug
release, and improve overall biocompatibility 3 .
Mucins: Nature's blueprint for lubrication and protection
Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that form the
structural basis of the mucus layer covering epithelial surfaces,
including the ocular surface. These natural biopolymers consist
of a protein backbone densely decorated with oligosaccharide
side chains, creating a highly hydrated, gel-like structure 4 . The
glycosylated regions of mucins, such as those found in MUC1,
provide exceptional lubrication, protect underlying tissues from
mechanical stress, and serve as a barrier against pathogens 5 .
The unique properties of mucins have inspired researchers to
develop synthetic analogs that can replicate these functions. In
the tear film, mucins play a critical role in maintaining ocular
surface health by stabilizing the tear layer, reducing friction
during blinking, and preventing desiccation of the corneal
epithelium 6 . Disruption of the mucin layer, whether due to
contact lens wear or ocular disorders, can lead to discomfort,
inflammation, and compromised visual function. Therefore,
artificial glycopolymers that mimic natural mucins offer a
promising strategy for enhancing lubrication and protecting the
ocular surface in contact lens applications 7 as well as in developing
new functionalized biomaterials for specific interactions with
target (regiospecific) cells (figure 1).
Synthetic glycopolymers: Mimicking mucins with precision
Glycopolymers are synthetic polymers bearing pendant
carbohydrate moieties, designed to replicate the structure and
function of natural glycoconjugates 8 . Unlike native mucins,
which exhibit complex and heterogeneous structures, synthetic
glycopolymers can be precisely engineered using controlled
polymerization techniques such as reversible additionfragmentation
chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization 9 . This
allows for fine-tuning of molecular weight, polymer architecture,
carbohydrate density, and charge distribution.
The design of artificial mucin mimics typically involves a
polymer backbone functionalized with densely packed short
glycosides. The polymer backbone serves as the structural
scaffold and provides the means for attachment to the target
surface, while the pendant sugar residues mediate specific
interactions with lectins, proteins, and cells 10 . By varying the
polymer backbone (neutral or charged) and the type of sugar
moieties (e.g., lactose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine),
researchers can tailor the properties of glycopolymers to meet
specific biological requirements 11 .
Recent studies have demonstrated the synthesis of glycopolymers
with both positively charged (e.g., polyethyleneimine, PEI) and
negatively charged (e.g., sulfated lactose) components. These
charged glycopolymers can be assembled into multilayer thin
films using layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition techniques, creating
stable coatings on various substrates, including contact lenses 12 .
Importantly, glycomodification of the polymer backbone
significantly enhances coating stability compared to nonglycosylated
polymers, highlighting the crucial role of sugar
moieties in promoting robust surface functionalization 12 .
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
19

TECHNOLOGY
Fig. 1: Schematic representation of a glycopolymer system for surface functionalization and cell targeting. The polymer backbone displays variable sugar moieties
(e.g., glucose, galactose, mannose, etc.) as pendant groups. These glycopolymers can be anchored to a biomaterial surface via a linker or (in case of charged polymer
backbone and charged biomaterial surface) via electrostatic interaction (e.g., layer-by-layer technique). Multivalent lectins on cell surface can bind simultaneously
trough non-covalent interactions, enabling specific cell recognition and targeting through cross-linking effects.
Applications in contact lens technology
Enhanced biocompatibility and lubrication
The application of mucin-mimicking glycopolymers to contact
lens surfaces has shown promising results in improving
biocompatibility and reducing friction. Biocompatibility
analyses of artificial mucin-like glycopolymers have confirmed
that selected polymers exhibit no cytotoxic effects on human
corneal epithelial cells, making them suitable as semi-synthetic
materials for ocular surface lubrication and protection 7 . Coating
contact lenses with alternating layers of positively and negatively
charged glycopolymers results in a stable, hydrophilic surface
that mimics the natural tear film, thereby enhancing wearing
comfort and reducing the risk of ocular irritation (Fig. 2) 12,13 .
Therapeutic contact lenses for drug delivery
One of the most exciting applications of biofunctionalized
contact lenses is in the field of ocular drug delivery. Conventional
eye drops suffer from poor bioavailability, with less than 5%
of the administered drug reaching the target tissue, while more
than 30% can cause ocular irritation due to preservatives and
high concentrations 14 . Therapeutic contact lenses offer a
promising alternative by providing sustained and controlled
drug-release directly to the ocular surface 15, 16 .
A particularly innovative approach involves the integration of
drug-loaded liposomes into glycopolymer-coated contact lenses.
Liposomes serve as reservoirs for active pharmaceutical
ingredients, protecting them from degradation and enabling
prolonged release 17 . The glycopolymer coating acts as a mucinmimetic
layer that anchors the liposomes to the lens surface
through specific carbohydrate-lectin interactions, preventing
premature drug leakage while maintaining biocompatibility 12 .
This biofunctional liposome-polymer system addresses the
dual challenge of low drug uptake and high irritation rates
associated with conventional eye drops.
Commercial examples, such as the Hyper-CL lens developed by
EyeYon Medical (figure 3), demonstrate the clinical potential of
drug-eluting contact lenses. The unique design of the Hyper-CL®
lens creates a reservoir that captures and holds therapeutic eye
drops against the cornea, extending contact time and enhancing
drug efficacy. The lens can remain in the eye for up to seven days
before cleaning, then for another seven days, significantly
improving patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes 18 .
Diagnostic and theranostic applications
Beyond drug delivery, glycopolymers are emerging as key enablers
of diagnostic and theranostic (combined diagnostic and therapeutic)
contact lens systems. The ability of glycopolymers to undergo
specific biorecognition through carbohydrate-lectin interactions
makes them ideal candidates for biosensing applications 19 . For
instance, glycopolymer-based sensor arrays can differentiate lectins
with similar carbohydrate recognition preferences, enabling the
detection of disease-specific biomarkers in tear fluid 20 .
20
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

TECHNOLOGY
The key advantage of
biofunctional materials lies in
their ability to bridge the gap
between synthetic materials
and living tissue, enabling
seamless integration and
enhanced performance in
physiological environments.
ig. ctive ingredient-filled liposomes were embedded into the LBL
layers. The liposomes remain stable within the layer and exhibit a uniform
release of the active ingredients.
Smart contact lenses equipped with glycopolymer-functionalized
biosensors have been developed for continuous monitoring of
glucose levels in diabetic patients, as well as for detecting
inflammatory markers such as matrix metalloproteinase-9
(MMP-9) in dry eye disease 21, 22 . These systems leverage the
high precision, selectivity, and sensitivity of glycopolymer-lectin
interactions to provide real-time, non-invasive monitoring,
thereby improving patient quality of life and enabling
personalized medicine approaches 23 .
From contact lenses to keratoprostheses
Biofunctionalization of optics and haptics
The principles of biofunctionalization extend beyond contact
lenses to artificial corneas, or keratoprostheses. A keratoprosthesis
must fulfill multiple, sometimes conflicting, requirements: the
optical component must remain transparent to ensure vision,
while the haptic component (the "skirt" that anchors the device)
must promote tissue integration and cell ingrowth 24, 25 . Achieving
all of these properties in a single base material is a significant
challenge, necessitating differential biofunctionalization of the
optic and haptic regions.
The Miro Cornea UR keratoprosthesis, developed by Fraunhofer
IAP and project partners within the EU-international project
„Miro“, exemplifies this approach. The device consists of a very
hydrophobic copolymer core. The anterior optic is modified
with a hydrophilic interpenetrating polymer network to enhance
wettability and optical clarity, while the haptic is functionalized
with fibronectin-like peptides (FnLeP) to promote rapid cell
adhesion and tissue ingrowth 25 . This dual functionalization
strategy ensures that the implant interacts appropriately with
different tissue types and fulfills distinct functional requirements.
The coating process for the Miro® keratoprosthesis involves
multiple steps. The anterior optic undergoes plasma treatment
followed by photo-initiated polymerization of hydrophilic
monomers, resulting in a hydrophilically coated surface. The
haptic regions are coated using layer-by-layer deposition of
polyelectrolytes, such as alternating layers of chitosan and
heparin, or peptide layers, to create a bioactive interface that
facilitates tissue integration 26 . Clinical studies have demonstrated
successful implantation in ultima ratio patients, with restoration
of vision and good long-term biocompatibility 25 .
Another example of biofunctionalization was the Artcornea®.
This keratoprosthesis, made of a hydrophilic polymer composition,
was selectively modified on the haptic („skirt“) to promote a
stable ingrowth and to prevent implant rejection and inflammatory
side effects. Key features are:
• Implantable and biocompatible: Made from a waterabsorbing
polymer, the implant is designed to be easily
integrated into the eye without causing immune rejection.
• Encourages tissue growth: The haptic of the implant is
chemically treated to encourage the patient's own cells to
grow and bind, anchoring the prosthesis securely in the eye.
• Improved optics: The design aims to improve the lightgathering
area of the cornea, which can lead to better vision.
• Suitable for various conditions: It is intended for patients
who cannot receive a donor cornea or who are on a waiting
list for one. It can also be used in cases where the cornea is
destroyed by inflammation, accidents, chemical burns, or
corrosion, though other versions have been specifically
developed for this "first aid" application.
• Successful preclinical testing: The artificial cornea has
undergone successful laboratory and animal testing.
Outlook and future perspectives: The importance of
glycopolymers and advanced biocompatibility testing
Glycopolymers represent an excellent tool for tailoring material
properties to specific biological requirements, whether for
different cell systems, organs, or functions. Their versatility and
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
21

TECHNOLOGY
ig. Hyper-Cl in eye. Due to its design, this CL can hold therapeutic eye
drops and release over a longer period of time. Picture: Fraunhofer IAP
Fig. 4: Artcornea. This keratoprosthesis consists of a hydrophilic polymer.
The haptic was selectively biofunctionalized to ensure better ingrowth into
the tissue. Picture: Fraunhofer IAP
The principles of
biofunctionalization extend
beyond contact lenses to
artificial corneas,
or keratoprostheses.
tunability make them particularly well-suited for applications
in contact lenses, therapeutic drug delivery systems, and
keratoprostheses. Moreover, glycopolymers hold high potential
in the research and development of novel diagnostic systems
with enhanced precision, selectivity, sensitivity, user-friendliness,
and improved quality of life for patients 23 .
However, as biofunctional materials become increasingly
sophisticated, so too must the methods used to assess their
biocompatibility. Traditional cytotoxicity assays, which measure
cell viability in the presence of a material, provide only a limited
view of material-tissue interactions. A material may pass
standard cytotoxicity tests, appearing non-toxic, yet still elicit
subtle but significant biological responses that could affect
long-term performance and safety 27 .
Advanced biocompatibility testing should therefore include the
simultaneous determination of various cytokines, chemokines,
and growth factors released by region-specific primary cells in
contact with the material or active ingredient. This approach
enables a more realistic prediction of how materials and drugs
will interact with living organisms over extended periods 27 . For
example, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as
interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or interleukin-6 (IL-6), or growth factors
such as platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), can indicate
the potential for inflammation or immune responses, even in the
absence of overt cytotoxicity 27 . By incorporating comprehensive
cytokine and chemokine profiling into biocompatibility
assessments, researchers can gain deeper insights into the longterm
behavior of biofunctional materials and make more informed
decisions during the development process. This is particularly
critical for ophthalmic applications, where materials are in
prolonged contact with sensitive ocular tissues and where even
mild inflammatory responses can compromise visual outcomes
and patient comfort. In conclusion, the integration of bioinspired
polymer design, advanced functionalization strategies, and
rigorous biocompatibility testing is paving the way for the next
generation of contact lenses, therapeutic delivery systems, and
keratoprostheses. Glycopolymers, with their ability to mimic
natural biological structures and mediate specific molecular
interactions, stand at the forefront of this exciting frontier in
ophthalmology and biomaterials science. •
References: vailable on reuest from the editorial oce.
Prof. Dr. Ruben R. Rosencrantz is director of the
research division of Life cience Bioprocesses
at the Fraunhofer IAP and chair-holder for biofunctional
polymer materials at the Brandenburg
University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg
BTU. His main research is focused on biofunctional
polymeric materials and glycopolymers.
Prof. Dr. Joachim Storsberg is specialized in
interdisciplinary RD of functional biomaterials,
focusing on polymer-based implants and functional
delivery systems in ophthalmology in the
research division of Life cience Bioprocesses
at Fraunhofer IAP.
22
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TECHNOLOGY
Enhanced protection
against electromagnetic radiation
Contact lenses with stable MXene coatings
novel wet-transfer method ensures stable adhesion and oidation resistance of ene films on soft lenses. enecoated
contact lenses absorb electromagnetic energy and dissipate it as thermal radiation, providing effective protection
against high-freuency electromagnetic eposure, as tested on porcupine eyes. They show high visible light transmission,
high conductivity, dehydration protection, and strong cell viability. By Rebekka Nurkanovic
With recent advancements in technology, the Internet of Things
and wireless devices are in high demand. However, these
innovations also raise concerns about prolonged exposure to
electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which may pose potential
risks to eye health. MXenes, a class of two-dimensional transition
metal carbides/nitrides, have shown promise in shielding
against EMR. However, their poor adhesion and susceptibility
to oxidation have limited their applications.
Researchers led by Professor Takeo Miyake from the Graduate
School of Information Production and Systems, Waseda
University, Japan, have developed stable MXene-coated contact
lenses with optical and EMR shielding properties. Their novel
fabrication method ensures adhesion and prevents oxidation
of the MXene coating, overcoming previous limitations. The
study was a collaborative effort between Waseda University,
Kyoto University, and Yamaguchi University Hospital, bringing
together expertise in nanofabrication, 2D materials, and
ophthalmology to ensure eye safety. The findings were published
in the journal Small Science on June 04, 2025. This research
was coauthored by Dr. Lunjie Hu from the Graduate School of
Information Production and Systems, Waseda University;
Associate Professor Jun Hirotani from Kyoto University;
Professor Kazuhiro Kimura from Yamaguchi University
Hospital; Assistant Professor Atsushige Ashimori from
Yamaguchi University Hospital; and Assistant Professor Saman
Azhari from the Graduate School of Information Production
and Systems, Waseda University.
Development of the lenses
“Smart contact lenses with built-in electronic components
are getting a lot of attention as the next big thing in wearable
devices. For the first time, though, this means we’ll be placing
wireless circuit lenses directly on our corneas, exposing them
to electromagnetic waves around the clock. Inspired by
breakthroughs in 2D materials and device fabrication
technologies, we came up with highly functional protective
contact lenses,” says lead author Prof. Miyake. To fabricate
these highly functional contact lenses, the research team
24
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

TECHNOLOGY
started by preparing dispersions of MXene, which were vacuum
filtered with mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membranes to
produce MXene-based films. The films were then coated onto
commercial soft contact lenses through a wet transfer approach
using acetone. The prepared lenses were then analyzed
extensively for physical properties, conductivity, and safety.
“We chose a wet-transfer method for the effortless attachment
of MXene nanosheets to the unconventionally shaped surface
of soft contact lenses, which ensures scalability,” explains
Prof. Miyake.
The fabricated contact lenses showed strong results with >80%
visible light transmission, high conductivity, dehydration
protection, and high biocompatibility with >90% cell viability.
The deposited layers of MXene showed variable thickness based
on the concentrations of the dispersions, and the adhesive
properties of the dissolved MCE membrane ensured optimum
attachment of MXene. Additionally, the MCE layer also protected
the MXene from oxidizing. Prof. Miyake discusses the
significance of their method, saying, “Our research can have
a multifaceted impact. First, the stable and effortless coating
of MXene nanosheets via wet transfer broadens the possibilities
for commercial applications. Secondly, our method is simple
yet effective in preventing MXene oxidation, turning a
commonly overlooked challenge – MXene oxidation – into a
resolved obstacle.”
ig. 1 a acuum filtration process used to fabricate ene thin film on CE. b Transfer
of the ene to soft contact lens and cross-sectional E figure of ene film on CE
membrane and ene film on acetone-treated CE membrane. c igures of the original lens,
.mgmL1 ene-coated lens, .mgmL1 ene-coated lens, and .mgmL1
ene-coated lens. d Changes in the thickness of ene-covered CE membrane with the
increase in acetone treatment time. e Resistance of acetone-treated ene film on PE
and untreated ene film on CE membrane films under regular environmental conditions
within one month. Data are presented as the meanD n. mall cience
Testing the electromagnetic shielding properties
To assess electromagnetic shielding, the MXene-coated lenses
were tested on porcine eyes exposed to microwave heating and
thermal imaging. The lenses exhibited a rapid temperature rise,
indicating strong EMR absorption and dissipation, which
prevented direct heating of the eyes. When exposed to highfrequency
microwaves, MXene effectively absorbed
electromagnetic energy and released it as thermal radiation,
thereby protecting the porcine eyes from direct heating.
Furthermore, the researchers confirmed a robust electromagnetic
shielding efficiency of up to 93%, representing the highest
reported specific shielding effectiveness for biocompatible
materials at the same thickness level, offering substantial
protection against high-frequency radiation. The lenses
demonstrated strong protection against high-frequency EMR,
ensuring eye health.
The reesearches are convinced that this is a breakthrough in
smart contact lenses representing a significant advancement
toward safer wearable technologies with high electromagnetic
protection and reliable properties. By leveraging the unique
properties of MXene nanosheets, the lenses provide effective
protection against high-frequency radiation while maintaining
comfort and usability. Beyond eye health, this innovation paves
the way for the integration of advanced nanomaterials in smart
wearables, medical implants, and bioelectronics, addressing
both safety and functionality. •
ig. a Infrared IR camera images of the enecoated and commercial contact lens on
the porcine eye placed in a microwave oven to test the electromagnetic shielding ability.
b IR camera images showing the elevated temperature of the enecoated lens inside a
microwave oven while the temperature of the commercial contact lens is nearly unchanged.
© Small Science
Source: Waseda University
Research paper (open access): Hu, L., Azhari, S., Zhang, H., Matsunaga, Y., Hirotani, J.,
Ashimori, A., Kimura, K. and Miyake, T. (2025), MXene-Integrated Contact Lens: A
Breakthrough in Wearable Eye Protection and Healthcare. Small Sci., 5: 2400628. https://
doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400628.
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TECHNOLOGY
Contact lenses for infrared vision
Technology for simultaneous perception of infrared and visible spectra
Infrared contact lenses enable passive near-infrared vision by converting NIR wavelengths (800–1600 nm) into visible
light via embedded nanoparticles. Developed by researchers in China, the lenses allow simultaneous perception of
infrared and visible spectra, even through closed eyelids. This non-invasive technology opens new possibilities in optical
sensing, secure communication, and spectral differentiation. By Rebekka Nurkanovic
Neuroscientists and materials scientists have created contact
lenses that enable infrared vision in both humans and mice by
converting infrared light into visible light. Unlike infrared night
vision goggles, the contact lenses do not require a power source,
and they enable the wearer to perceive multiple infrared
wavelengths. Because they’re transparent, users can see both
infrared and visible light simultaneously, though infrared vision
was enhanced when participants had their eyes closed.
“Our research opens up the potential for non-invasive wearable
devices to give people super-vision,” says senior author Tian
Xue, a neuroscientist at the University of Science and Technology
of China. “There are many potential applications right away for
this material. For example, flickering infrared light could be
used to transmit information in security, rescue, encryption or
anti-counterfeiting settings.”
Preparation procedures for infrared contacts. Picture: Sheng Wang
Lens technology with light absorbing nanoparticles
The contact lens technology uses nanoparticles that absorb infrared
light and convert it into wavelengths that are visible to mammalian
eyes (e.g., electromagnetic radiation in the 400-700 nm range).
The nanoparticles specifically enable detection of “near-infrared
light,” which is infrared light in the 800-1600 nm range, just beyond
what humans can already see. The team previously showed that
these nanoparticles enable infrared vision in mice when injected
into the retina, but they wanted to design a less invasive option.
To create the contact lenses, the team combined the nanoparticles
with flexible, non-toxic polymers that are used in standard soft
contact lenses. After showing that the contact lenses were non-toxic,
they tested their function in both humans and mice.
They found that contact lens-wearing mice displayed behaviors
suggesting that they could see infrared wavelengths. For example,
when the mice were given the choice of a dark box and an
infrared-illuminated box, contact-wearing mice chose the dark
box whereas contact-less mice showed no preference. The mice
also showed physiological signals of infrared vision: the pupils
of contact-wearing mice constricted in the presence of infrared
light, and brain imaging revealed that infrared light caused their
visual processing centers to light up.
26
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TECHNOLOGY
In humans, the infrared contact lenses enabled participants to
accurately detect flashing morse code-like signals and to perceive
the direction of incoming infrared light. “It's totally clear cut:
without the contact lenses, the subject cannot see anything, but
when they put them on, they can clearly see the flickering of the
infrared light,” said Xue. “We also found that when the subject
closes their eyes, they’re even better able to receive this flickering
information, because near-infrared light penetrates the eyelid
more effectively than visible light, so there is less interference
from visible light.”
Differentiation between different spectra of infrared light
An additional tweak to the contact lenses allows users to
differentiate between different spectra of infrared light by
engineering the nanoparticles to color-code different infrared
wavelengths. For example, infrared wavelengths of 980 nm were
converted to blue light, wavelengths of 808 nm were converted
to green light, and wavelengths of 1,532 nm were converted to
red light. In addition to enabling wearers to perceive more detail
within the infrared spectrum, these color-coding nanoparticles
could be modified to help color blind people see wavelengths
that they would otherwise be unable to detect.
“By converting red visible light into something like green visible
light, this technology could make the invisible visible for color
blind people,” says Xue.
Because the contact lenses have limited ability to capture fine
details (due to their close proximity to the retina, which causes
the converted light particles to scatter), the team also developed
a wearable glass system using the same nanoparticle technology,
which enabled participants to perceive higher-resolution infrared
information.
Study participant, Picture: Yuqian Ma, Yunuo Chen, Hang Zhao.
Currently, the contact lenses are only able to detect infrared
radiation projected from an LED light source, but the researchers
are working to increase the nanoparticles’ sensitivity so that they
can detect lower levels of infrared light.
“In the future, by working together with materials scientists and
optical experts, we hope to make a contact lens with more precise
spatial resolution and higher sensitivity,” says Xue.
The research paper was published in the journal Cell. •
Source: Cell Press
Research paper: Ma, Yuqian & Yunuo, Chen & Wang, Sheng & Chen, Zi-Han & Zhang,
Yuanwei & Huang, Ling & Zhang, Xinxin & Yin, Fei & Wang, Yunxuan & Yang, Mingzhu &
Li, Zhanjun & Huang, Kai & Fang, Xin & Li, Zishuo & Wang, Minghong & Liu, Wenhui & Li,
Jia-Nan & Li, Longfei & Zhao, Hang & Xue, Tian. (2025). Near-infrared spatiotemporal
color vision in humans enabled by upconversion contact lenses. Cell. 188. 10.1016/j.
cell.2025.04.019.
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REPORT
Photo: Wim Aalbers
“Wait a minute, what are you doing there?”
Karla Corado, production and inspection employee at Sub Micron Tooling
Here I am inspecting a diamond chisel that a
customer has sent in for a relap. Before we actually
start sharpening, we first carefully analyze the
wear: how much wear has occurred on the cutting
edge and – if possible – how exactly that wear
developed. Based on that, we determine how much material we
need to remove to make the tool function optimally again. But
just as importantly, we also look at whether we can provide the
customer with specific advice about the use or settings of their
process. This method ensures that we never sharpen more than
necessary. This keeps the chisel in circulation for longer and
means a customer can get more operating hours out of a single
piece of tool. And that is exactly what you want, especially with
such expensive precision tools.
Because we keep an accurate history of each tool, we have a wealth
of information. These analyses are incredibly valuable – and customers
are really enthusiastic about them. I have been working at SMT for
three years now and have learned everything here in practice. The
work is challenging every day. Sometimes I almost feel like a detective,
looking for hidden clues about the use of a tool.
We work with a team of about ten people, and the atmosphere
is very good. Everyone helps each other and the technical
knowledge within the team is high. This ensures that we learn
a lot from each other.
The tools that we make and inspect are not only intended for
the contact lens industry. They find their way to all kinds of
sectors. And what I like: applications from one industry can
often prove surprisingly useful in another. As a team, we are
very alert to this. That cross-pollination ensures that we continue
to improve and innovate our tools.
New requirements from other sectors regularly bring innovations
– and those sometimes also benefit our existing customers.
That is what makes this work so fascinating: it requires constant
attention and curiosity.
The equipment that we use here for production
and inspection has largely been developed
by SMT itself. That is an ongoing process.
New instruments and methods are constantly
being added. This keeps my work different
every day – and never boring. •
28
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

-A
Next level innovation
Larsen Equipment Design Introduces the Auto-Transfer Blocking System
The folks at Larsen Equipment Design, Inc. were pleased to
introduce the ATB-203 Auto-transfer blocking system at the
EFCLIN Congress at Vilamoura Resort (Portugal) in April of
this year. “While most of the industry has our established
blocking system in use, we felt it was time to take the industry
to the next level in lens blocking technology in keeping with
our culture of innovation.” Says President and Founder, Erik
Larsen. He added “While it is always exiting to create new
products and processes, gratification for us is seeing those
efforts accepted by industry as they have been over the last
four decades.”
Larsen displayed the full line of lens fabrication machinery
and tooling in addition to the new blocking system. We received
comments like: “We’re happy with our existing system but, Oh!
Self-calibration in 15 seconds!?”; “There IS no dispenser? That’s
clever.” The wax pool arrangement with no internal moving
parts greatly reduces maintenance.
“We never liked the practice of dropping hot wax into a pristine
base curve. The thermal shock has to have a detrimental effect
on the material and thus the optics. Dipping the arbor in hot
wax enables it to form a perfect shape centered on the arbor,
then cool before being laid into the BC. When the diameter of
the arbor determines the amount of wax, no precision metering
is needed.” Erik goes on to say, “You can block a 17 mm scleral
BC and know the large arbor diameter arbor will have the correct
amount of wax, then block a 10 mm BC with a corneal arbor
with the correct amount of wax. Imagin the arbors are in the
job tray. That foresight means that the operator simply loads the
arbors; the operator does not need to decide how much wax to
dispense. That is unprecedented!”
“The new blocking system retains our unique Wax Thickness
Control. Both corneal and scleral BC’s can be blocked with
no mechanical adjustments required (no fiddling by the
operator).”
The new system is housed within a safety shroud in compliance
with health and safety regulations.
“Upon returning with orders for the new system, we undertook
refining of the design and human/machine interaction. We are
now “cutting metal” in anticipation of the first deliveries.”
Larsen Equipment Design is the leading manufacturer of state
of the art contact lens blocking and polishing machines enabling
labs to reach their highest productivity levels.
For more information, please contact Larsen Equipment Design,
Inc. at Erik@larsenequipment.com
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
29

MANUFACTURING
The legacy lab
Too much “baggage” for success?
Legacy labs sometimes rely on outdated technologies and processes, even when new equipment has already been
acuired. This has many undesirable effects on eciency and makes it dicult to compete with start-ups that enter the
market with the aim of keeping pace with changes in the production landscape. However, it is possible for legacy labs to
seize windows of opportunity and adust to advances in euipment and procedures. By Erik Larsen
First, what is a legacy lab? I define it as a lens producing facility
that uses processes that are centered on machinery and tooling
that has been superseded by equipment and procedures in use
in the last decade. A short list of the legacy tools includes manual
lathes, three axis air-bearing CNC lathes, lens blanks in collets,
tapered or screw-on blocking tools, spin blocking, pitch polishing,
manual inspection, and manual order-entry and tracking.
Some of these items are still in use even in productive labs,
producing spheres and aspheres. Here are the effects of each of
the above-mentioned items:
• Manual lathes: These lathes are limited in the lens designs
that they can produce. The poor surface quality requires
pitch polishing.
• Three axis CNC lathe: These lathes are limited to corneal
and mini-scleral designs.
• Lens blanks in collets: This practice can result in poor
centration control, distortion leading to poor optics and
possible tilt leading to edge thickness variation problems
especially with scleral lenses.
• Tapered or screw-on blocking tools: These tools have poor
security on the lathe spindle and internal debris affects prism
control. Used with a collet blocker, this system can be prone
to poor centration.
• Spin blocking: This procedure is dependent on the skill and
attention of the operator, and greatly limits the precision of
the blocking process.
• Pitch polishing: This procedure is subject to many influences
from the operator and is useful only for spheres.
• Manual inspection: This process can be dependent on the
operator.
• Manual order entry and tracking: The potential for lathe
set up and data entry errors should not be underestimated.
Drawbacks of outdated tools and procedures
The continued use of these older items and practices can be a
major source of reject lenses or may require substantial rework
of the lens at final inspection. The rejects can range from prism,
surface defects, and wetability problems, poor optics, radius/
power errors, and data entry errors, among others.
This is not to say that the legacy lab doesn't invest in new
equipment. I have seen labs that buy a new lathe, blocker, and
polishers to an amount of a few hundred thousand dollars and
then continue to use their old blocking tooling. The cost of new
blocking tooling for a lab that is producing 100 corneal lenses
per day would be less than 1000 US Dollars. New precision tooling
gives the lab manager a repeatable process that can be validated.
This gives the production manager control over the system
comprised of the lathe collet, blocking tool, and blocking machine.
By measuring radial run-out and making the indicated
adjustment, precision control of prism will be realized.
Here is an example of legacy blocking tools. There has been a
notion to use oversized blocking tools (see GlobalCONTACT
#3, 2014). The reason for this approach was to provide a firm
clamping force on the blocking tool while being able to place a
lens blank in the same collet without needing to adjust the collet
clamping force to provide a delicate force on the blank. The
procedure does allow the use of one collet for both front curve
and base curve production. The problem with this procedure is
the over-stressing of the collet and the lens blank. In the case of
the collet, the oversize tools may permanently damage the collet.
In the case of the lens blank, clamping it can yield poor optics.
There is a secondary effect that the legacy lab has had on our
industry around the world. This effect has happened many times
in technology transfers to developing markets. I have visited
many labs where the owner partnered with a US or European
lab to start a lab in their country. Visiting such a lab is like going
back in time. Yes, they may have invested in new equipment, as
I mentioned above, but they use the tooling design and the old
processes, including pitch polishing from the parent lab. As
with the example about the collet above, the "daughter" lab
adopted the same collet/lens blank procedure. Even with new
equipment, they were still having random prism problems due
to the mis-match of the blocking tools and the lathe and blocker
collets. I have found the resistance to improvement/change is
greater in the daughter labs than in the parent lab.
The different mindset of start-ups
Now let's compare the legacy lab to a new start-up lab. I'm going
to make some assumptions about the new (ideal) lab owner:
She/he ...
• is well-funded.
• understands the market.
• understands the regulatory environment in the market.
• understands the need for a trainable production manager.
30
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

MANUFACTURING
This article illustrates two processes that are utilized to start a new CL lab.
1. Approach: an eisting lab to assist and provide advice with the start-up.
2. Approach: the material and machine vendors to recommend the
best course.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach
Approach 1:
Pros: Experience with sales, regulatory, human resources
Cons: anufacturing process uses antiuated euipment, software, and
processes. May provide legacy process training (may not be compatible
with modern equipment).
Approach 2:
Pros: Material vendors can advise on best practices and regulatory
approval. Machinery vendors can advise on current equipment and
processes and can provide current process training.
Cons: Limited on sales, regulatory, and human resources.
It is apparent that a mi of working with an eisting lab and then bringing
in contemporary knowledge of the material, machine vendors, plus lab
software is probably the best arrangement.
s far as process is concerned, certain steps ecel. This centers around
blocking the lens blank. any advantages come with this process which
I have discussed in the past.
The main point is that this process allows the result of the base curve radius
BCR to be so predictable that it does not need to be verified. This is now
being done in some labs, yielding a reduction in the cost of goods sold.
These results are used in labs utilizing autoloaders on the lathes where real
time inspection is not practical because of lights out production. Imagin
the cost savings by ust eliminating inspection for BCR This approach can
be incorporated in other steps in the process.
Then as now, labs can adopt that culture and make improvements to
improve profitability. There are people who can take you there.
Going into the start-up process, a new lab owner looks into
machinery and the process to produce both soft lens and RGP
corneal designs. At some point in the future, the lab may produce
scleral lenses, so it would be good to have an easy transition to
that process. The advantage, as I see it, is the unbiased and "no
baggage" approach to the manufacturing process.
We would recommend the machines and tooling and process
to produce these lenses. The benefit to the start-up is that we
will work with the production manager and staff to be trained
in contemporary CL manufacturing practices; keeping in mind
that in five to ten years new processes and/or machinery will
dictate production changes in the lab. This means the lab owner
can be assured of having a state-of-the-art facility and can
concentrate on the front office and sales, growing the company
rather than managing the minutia of lens manufacturing. It is
easier to leave that to the lab manager/support group partnership.
By that, I am referring to the relationship that the production
manager has with the machinery/tooling/consumables’ vendors.
eizing the opportunity for change
Now, let's look at the start-up from the veteran lab owner's
perspective. The concept of a start-up is foreign to most seasoned
lab owners. If he/she were to consider the four points listed
above, they might decide not to get into the business. But let's
assume that they want to stay in. They may be considering a new
location or a secondary production facility, possibly in a different
country. This could be an opportunity to train new people in
contemporary lab practices as if it truly was a start-up. It would
require that the lab owner accept the contemporary practices
Pictures ilke age
and hire a production manager who will promote them. This
must be difficult, because I don't see it happening very often.
There is also a side benefit to adopting the contemporary process:
if the implementation is successful, the lab owner can install it
in the original lab.
The start-up culture is one of forward-thinking process planning.
It is a culture of improvement. I know of a few labs that maintain
the startup culture. The goal is to improve the production level and
or lens quality every year and everyone in the company is engaged
in the goal. One could say, with reason, that this is an unrealistic
expectation after several years. But a culture that is developed can
stay in place and continue to generate a successful enterprise. One
thing is for sure, this lab stays current. •
Erik Larsen graduated from the University of
Washington with a Mechanical Engineering degree
in 1981 and started Larsen Equipment Design
later that year. Erik Larsen has industry awards
from CL and ECLI.
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
31

FITTING BACKGROUND
Vision impossible?
Holy grail aberrations
What I like about the contact lens field as opposed to general medicine, for instance is that we can create things.
Beautiful things. General medicine and eye care is more about dealing with eisting conditions, while in the contact lens
field, we can create vision. How cool is that By Eef van der Worp
We should be proud of what we have achieved as an industry,
proud of the ultra-sophisticated lenses that we create to improve
vision. The thing is, though, that the vision improvements with
our lenses – notably rigid corneal lenses and scleral lenses – are
so great that we usually don’t look further. But now that we
have evolved from PMMA to super- and ultra-Dk lens materials,
as well as from basic spherical back-surface designs to high-tech
toric, quadrant-specific, octant-specific and free-form designs,
it may be time ‘to go the extra mile’ and see what we can do
beyond what standard lenses can do. Some patients can surely
benefit from that. This is where higher-order aberrations come
in. Are they the holy grail? Or is this ‘vision impossible?’
rits ernike
Let’s first see what these so-called ‘higher-order’ aberrations
are. Why higher? Higher than what? This stems from a
classification system by Dutch scientist Frits Zernike (16 July
1888 - 10 March 1966). On April 30, 1934, Zernike published
an article in the journal Physics called “Beugungstheorie des
Schneidenverfahrens und seiner verbesserten Form, der
Phasenkontrastmethode.” It is basically unreadable for people
outside the field of physics, but we can see this work as a
dictionary for aberrations. The thing with aberrations is that
there are too many (hundreds or even thousands if you want;
in fact, the number of Zernike polynomials is infinite). Little
imperfections in lenses can cause distinct distortions, especially
if you want to see very far away (telescopes) or tiny things up
close (microscopes).
obel prize
Zernike was a chemist by training, but back in his day (early
1900s), different disciplines were not as distinct and bordered
off as they may be today. He was also interested in (and studied)
physics and mathematics. All this really came in handy when
he invented the phase-contrast microscope in 1933. While
analyzing aberrations in circular pupils (such as those in lenses
and microscopes), he introduced what we now call Zernike
polynomials – a complete set of orthogonal functions. These
32
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

FITTING BACKGROUND
provided a neat mathematical way to describe and quantify
optical aberrations.
This work on representing aberrations led directly to his insights
on phase effects in light waves. With this, he invented the phase
contrast microscope, which allows us for the first time ever to
see living cells. Before that time, you had to dye cells with color
before you could analyze them, but that killed the cells (to dye
is to die, in this case). With the phase-contrast microscope, we
could now see the process of cells dividing, which was not
possible up to then. The phase contrast microscope revolutionized
biology. In 1953, Zernike received a Nobel prize for this
development.
For scleral lenses, the aspheric front optics can ‘solve’ some, or
a large degree, of the aberrations induced by the lens. If you
want the ‘full’ effect of spherical aberration for a given patient,
the best course of action would be to place a lens on the eye and
let it settle, then measure aberrations over the lens. Anything
that is ‘left over’ can then be added to the front surface, if desired.
For this to work, the lens must be stable on the eye, not move
and be centered over the visual axis of the eye. Any form of
decentration or movement eliminates the effect of the aberration
correction. So yes – this is ‘correction of higher-order aberration,’
but it can be applied to all lenses.
Christiaan Huygens
The good thing for us in the contact lens field is that we can
focus on mostly the first two levels of Zernike higher-order
polynomials: spherical aberration and coma (comatic aberration).
Higher orders than that are typically not relevant, as we are
dealing with human tissue, which is never as optically sound
as lenses used for microscopes.
Regarding aspheric lenses, in the mid-17th century, Rene
Descartes (who lived in Amsterdam at the time) and Christiaan
Huygens already had described (Descartes) and made (Huygens)
aspheric lens surfaces to improve the optical quality. Because
of that, Huygens was the first ever to see the ‘ring’ around
Saturn in 1655. Earlier, Galileo (1610) had seen odd “handles”
or “ears” on Saturn with his small telescope, but he couldn’t
resolve what they were. But in March 1655, using a much better
telescope with lenses he had designed and ground himself,
Huygens observed Saturn and realized it was surrounded by
a thin, flat ring, tilted with respect to the ecliptic and not
touching the planet. The Italians figured ‘the air in Holland
must be clearer” to see that level of detail. But it was not the
air – it was the higher quality of the lenses Huygens used. As
a side note, but still interesting, the famous philosopher Baruch
de Spinoza of the Enlightenment, whose radical ideas on
religion, politics, and human freedom made him one of the
most influential and controversial thinkers in Western
philosophy, was also a lens grinder who actually worked with
Huygens. Huygens was ‘very impressed’ by the hand-ground
lenses Spinoza created.
n easy aberration
Back to the topic: spherical aberration is an ‘easy aberration,’
because it is (as the name denotes) spherical in nature, so it is
a ‘rotationally symmetrical’ aberration. This means it is fairly
easy to apply to contact lens surfaces, for instance; you don’t
need any form or type of stabilization because the aberration
is 360 degrees around. All you need is the current aberrations
of the eye – or you need the aberrations of the lens (corneal or
scleral) that induce spherical aberrations, then you can apply
the opposite aberration on the front.
rits ernike in 19 oto CC ationaal rchief.
Positive about negative spherical aberration
In short, there are only two types of spherical aberration (both
rotationally symmetrical): positive spherical aberration (in
which the edge rays focus closer than the central rays) and
negative spherical aberration (in which the edge rays focus
farther than the central rays). The average human eye typically
has positive spherical aberration, which can be corrected with
negative aberrations in the lens. In fact, many soft lens
manufacturers add the average amount of spherical aberration
present in the general population to their standard lenses.
Is this ‘higher-order aberration correction’? It may be, but only
for the most standard of eyes. If your eye has or needs more
negative or positive spherical aberrations (because that is the
nature of the eye), then this lens would not be your best option,
and it would be the opposite of higher-order aberration
correction. In short, it can be a form of higher-order aberration
correction, but it certainly is not a customized one. For that
you would need to measure the aberration of the eye and then
apply it to the front lens surface for that particular person. It
still can be done in a rotationally symmetrical way, without
stabilization, etc. – as long as the lens centers well over the line
of sight (which is not the geometrical center of the cornea, by
the way).
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
33

FITTING BACKGROUND
Chemistry lab at the College Hotel in msterdam, rits ernikes old school
now a Boutiue hotel
“So, if you are ever in Amsterdam, consider staying at ‘Frits school’ and join me
in that bar, and we’ll drink to Zernike, to higher-order aberrations and the beautiful
work we do in our industry to help see patients better.”
In a COMA
It gets more difficult with the next higher-order aberration in
eyecare: comatic aberration (coma). This is another type of
optical aberration that shows up when you look at a point of
light and instead of seeing a neat little dot, it looks like a comet
with a tail – that’s why it’s called coma. Positive coma is when
the bright core of the image is closer to the optical axis (center),
and the “tail” stretches away from the center. In negative coma,
the bright core is further out, and the tail stretches toward the
center – so the comet tail points inward, toward the middle of
the picture. When we describe aberrations using Zernike
polynomials, coma shows up as two distinct types: horizontal
coma (X-coma), which corresponds to asymmetry in the
x-direction (left–right), and vertical coma (Y-coma), which
corresponds to asymmetry in the y-direction (up–down).
Granted, higher-order aberrations can be quite complex, and
some people get comatose just looking at them. But in essence,
when it comes to coma there are positive, negative, vertical and
horizontal (four types in all) that are represented in Zernike’s
octagonal ‘dictionary.’ It gets more complex because the
orientation of the coma can be at an angle (not just pure vertical
or pure horizontal). But clinically and in research, we usually
break it down into horizontal versus vertical, with each having
positive or negative polarity.
For the completeness of this article, there is a third aberration
in eye care that should be mentioned: trefoil. Trefoil distorts
vision in a pattern that looks like a three-pointed star (similar
to a cloverleaf or the “Mercedes-Benz” logo), but it is less
common. Spherical aberration and coma are the most common
higher-order aberrations in the average eye, and while trefoil
can show up in diseased or surgically altered corneas (such as
keratoconus, scars, or post-LASIK), it is also harder to correct
with optical designs. A small misalignment (rotation of the
lens, decentration) can make the correction ineffective or even
introduce new distortions. Therefore, trefoil is less commonly
mentioned and used compared to the other two primary
aberrations in the field of eyecare.
luid column
As said earlier, we need to distinguish between aberrations
induced by the eye (in our case, usually the cornea) and
aberrations induced by the lens. As an example, vertical coma
is the hallmark of keratoconus. The cone is usually off-center
(often downward), so light gets bent unevenly, producing a
“comet-tail” blur. Vertical coma is usually much more common
in keratoconus than in normal eyes.
At the same time, if a scleral lens isn’t perfectly centered, the
tear fluid reservoir is thicker on one side than the other. This
imbalance induces coma-like aberrations, often vertical coma
(similar to keratoconus itself), and this is usually the main
aberration induced.
34
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

FITTING BACKGROUND
Cylindrical over-refraction in scleral lens wear
The importance of the fluid column optically in scleral lens wear
is not very well understood. Decentration speaks for itself, with
potential prismatic effects (with inferior decentration, sometimes
significant ‘prism-down’ effects are induced). But there is more.
It is intriguing that if you fit normal eyes (no corneal pathology)
with scleral lenses (for instance, a classroom of 30 third-year
optometry students on a Monday morning), you get a huge
amount of cylindrical over-refractions (while no cylinder is
present in their prescriptions or on their corneas). Why? It is a
little bit of a mystery, to be honest, but probably the ‘tilt’ of a
scleral lens plays a role in addition to the decentration and
prismatic effect. The fact is, the fluid column and the way a lens
lands on the eye play a role in the optical outcome in scleral lens
wear. Many large practices sometimes report front-toric lens
additions in up to 50% of the lenses they dispense. This is a huge
number that cannot be explained only by looking at the pathology
(such as keratoconus) that is often the underlying indication for
the scleral lens fit.
The street corner in msterdam...
...where ernike was born and raised.
Las egas
Vision impossible? Due to the work of Frits and the contact lens
industry, correcting aberrations is not a utopia anymore but a
reality. However, it’s a reality that needs to be viewed with caution.
We should be careful not to get carried away. Not all higher-order
aberrations are worthwhile to correct, and we need to be sensible
in using a term for what is meant: customized higher-order
aberration correction, or something else. And there is also the
‘neural adaption’ factor, which is too far off-topic to discuss here.
But having said all that, this topic of aberration correction is
typically very high on the agenda of any specialty lens symposium
worldwide today, and this will certainly be the case at the 2026
Global Specialty Lens Symposium in Las Vegas on January 7-11;
the topic of applying this to specialty contact lenses shall be
discussed and explored in depth and in detail, just like aberrations
themselves.
ernikes school is now a boutiue hotel.
is the exact place where the chemistry lab was located (see image).
So, if you are ever in Amsterdam, consider staying at ‘Frits school’
and join me in that bar, and we’ll drink to Zernike, to higher-order
aberrations and the beautiful work we do in our industry to help
see patients better. •
The msterdam chool
I live in the heart of Amsterdam, and what I recently learned is
that Frits Zernike was born and raised just a few blocks from my
house: on the corner of the Jacob van Campenstraat and the
Frans Halsstraat in a hip neighborhood (now) of Amsterdam
called ‘the pijp.’ He attended the elementary school on the same
street and went to high school/college at a school a stone’s throw
away from his house. That school (built in 1894) is now a beautiful
boutique hotel in the style of the old school building it had been
(The College Hotel). What is nicely done is that many details in
the hotel remind us of the educational institution it once was:
the library is still (a ceremonial) library, the room numbers are
simple mathematical equations, and the carpet contains many
scholastic references, like chemical formulas. Speaking of which,
Zernike started as a chemist as said. The bar in The College Hotel
Eef van der Worp, BOptom, PhD, O, ICLE,
BCL, L is an educator and researcher. He
received his optometry degree from the Hogeschool
van Utrecht in the etherlands L and has served
as a head of the contact lens department at the
school for over eight years. He received his PhD
from the University of aastricht L in . He
is a fellow of the O, ICLE, BCL and the L. He is currently adunct
Professor at the University of ontreal University College of Optometry C
and adunct assistant Professor at Pacific University College of Optometry
Oregon, U. He lectures etensively worldwide and is a guest lecturer at
a number of Universities in the U and Europe.
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
35

FITTING BACKGROUND
Myopia management
A guide through awareness, science and practice
Short-sightedness, medically known as myopia, has gradually and continuously crept into our school classrooms,
families and optometry practices over the past decades. It is not a ‘trend’ but a global challenge that has a concrete
impact on everyday working life. A fundamental question for optometrists and ophthalmologists is: How do we overcome
this challenge? By Sabine Otero
Action instead of waiting: Why information is the first step
What is the biggest challenge in dealing with childhood myopia?
It is not the lack of product diversity, measurement technology
or knowledge about myopia among opticians or ophthalmologists
– it is the awareness among parents and short-sighted people.
For most parents, myopia is a visual impairment like any other
and therefore receives little attention or is trivialized: ‘He'll just
get glasses, like I did,’ is a frequently heard response. As we now
know, myopia is influenced by many factors and does not just
‘happen’. It can progress if the growth in length deviates from
the natural process of emmetropization. As a result, the risk of
eye diseases in adulthood may be increased. And very few of
those affected are aware of this.
For this reason, myopia management does not begin with
measurement, but with a discussion with the parents and the
child/adolescent.
Parents are informed with patience, empathy and responsibility.
Sometimes concrete examples from practice help to increase
confidence in the matter.
The simple question, ‘May I show you how your child's vision
is likely to change over the next few years if we don't act now?’
often has more impact than any technical term. It is even more
impressive when parents can experience how myopia develops
through special simulations. Only when the invisible becomes
visible does understanding begin.
More than just visual aids: a market in motion
The good news: in recent years, an impressive range of
scientifically based methods has been developed to treat the
progression of myopia. And the range of options is constantly
growing.
From specially manufactured spectacle lenses (e.g. with DIMS
or H.A.L.T. technology) to certified soft contact lenses (as daily,
monthly, conventional and multifocal lenses) and orthokeratology
contact lenses to low-dose atropine drops – the selection is
diverse and there is a solution for every eye care practitioner
that they feel comfortable with.
There are now also several hybrid care concepts in the market.
These combine, for example, contact lenses with spectacle glasses
with myopia lenses or contact lenses with atropine. The whole
process can then be accompanied by digital therapy plans. The
key is to remember that not every product is suitable for every
child – individualization is key. It is advisable to offer at least
two solutions in your portfolio.
For ECP, this means that economic decisions should never
be made in isolation from medical responsibility. Gaining
an overview of mechanisms of action, target groups
and long-term results is not only a wise move, but
also a future-proof one.
Creating structures – how to get started
Effective myopia management is not an individual
project, but a team effort. It starts with a conscious
decision: Do we want to establish myopia management as
an integral part of our daily business? Do we have the
personnel and time capacities? Are we prepared to invest
in training and measurement technology?
If the answer to these questions is yes, then
appropriate measures should follow:
• Training for the entire team,
especially team members who are
primarily involved in sales. Since
they are the first point of contact
with children and their parents,
they should be able to provide
them with information.
• Setting aside time slots in the
appointment calendar for myopia
management.
• Practising communication to
overcome uncertainties.
• Practising confidence in using the
measurement technology. Tip:
Measure the axial length for every
customer.
In addition, the myopia management
procedures must be defined:
36

FITTING BACKGROUND
• Screening from the age of six – earlier if there are risk factors.
• Measurement of axial length and family history.
• Informing parents, including written consent.
• Individual product selection and six-monthly check-ups.
• Documentation and, if necessary, communication with
specialists.
Between diagnosis and dialogue – the path to success
Many players in myopia management often ask themselves:
Why are parents in some countries so reluctant to engage with
myopia management compared to other countries? What could
be the reasons for this?
Let's look at an example from Germany:
Websites such as ‘Myopiacare’ or ‘Myopiaprofile’ offer
questionnaires, guidelines, and marketing materials in the form
of printed matter and training courses. Often free of charge.
‘Myopiaprofile’ is an English-language website with Germanlanguage
training courses and materials.
‘Neyece’ is a network for ECP who are committed to myopia
management.
There is now a wide range of measurement technology available
to offer professional myopia management. Software for documenting
and visualizing the progress is almost always included.
Health = health insurance benefit: In Germany, the healthcare
system is strongly influenced by the expectation that medically
necessary services will be covered by health insurance. If this
is not the case, as in myopia management, for example, the
measure is quickly perceived as ‘nice to have’ or even a
‘marketing ploy’.
Glasses as a solution, not a signal: For many parents, glasses
are a suitable method of correcting poor vision. This image is
familiar and functional. The fact that progressive myopia carries
Only when the invisible becomes
visible does understanding begin
(among parents).

FITTING BACKGROUND
long-term risks is little known or underestimated. There is
often a lack of understanding that normal glasses only correct
symptoms, but do not stop the progression.
Uncertainty and lack of information: Parents today have access
to a wide range of information, but the sources do not always
meet the required standards of reliability. If the management
Myopia management needs to be
explained – not only technically, but
also emotionally.
of myopia is not explained clearly, concretely and confidently,
many opt for the path of least resistance: they wait.
Money is rarely the main problem – rather, it is the internal
value scale: Parents often make considerable investments in
the form of private tuition, sports clubs or music lessons, as
they see a recognizable purpose and effect in these areas. As a
rule, this emotionally charged sense of purpose is not taken
into account in myopia management.
How can we change the mindset of decision-makers?
Nowadays, well-conducted optical consultations are just as
important as specialist knowledge. It is about building
relationships, alleviating fears and activating values. Myopia
management needs to be explained – not only technically, but
also emotionally. Those who meet parents where they are
emotionally – in their concern for the well-being of their
Guide to myopia management – the status quo
The most important findings of the IMC (International Myopia
Conference) 2024 are summarized below:
Definition and significance of pre-myopia:
• Children with less than +1.50 D hyperopia at the age of
6–7 are considered high risk for progressive myopia.
• Recommendation: Early start with preventive measures
(e.g. behavioral changes, myopia glasses or contact lenses
if necessary).
Axial length measurement is and remains the gold standard:
• Axial eye growth > 0.2 mm/year is considered a critical
threshold.
• Length measurement before refraction changes alone
(especially in younger children, a reliable statement about
the success of myopia management by means of refraction
is not valid) – recommended for every myopia check-up.
Combination therapies:
• Combination of ortho-k + low-dose atropine (0.01–0.05%)
initially shows stronger progression inhibition.
• In the long term, the additive effect flattens out – further
studies are needed.
Lifestyle and environment
Daylight intensity is crucial:
• New studies show: > 120 minutes per day outdoors at a
minimum of 1,000 lux has a strong preventive effect.
• Classrooms with low light levels (<500 lux) are associated
with higher rates of myopia.
Close work confirmed as a risk factor:
• Reading at a distance of <20 cm for long periods (>30 min)
is significantly associated with myopia progression.
• Recommendation: 20-20-2 rule (look into the distance for
20 seconds every 20 minutes + 2 hours of daylight daily)
Innovative technologies and outlook
Red light therapy (RLRL):
• Initial controlled studies with repetitive low-level red light
show a significant reduction in axial length growth.
• No long-term data on safety and sustainability available
yet – use only recommended with strict indication.
AI-supported myopia prognosis:
• Prototypes of AI systems can calculate individual risk very
precisely based on refraction data, axial length and family
history.
• Goal: integration into screening tools and electronic patient
records.
Clinical practice & recommendations
Therapy discontinuation and rebound:
• DIMS, MiSight and Ortho-K show little to no rebound effects
at the end of therapy – in contrast to higher atropine
concentrations.
• Important: Gentle tapering or gradual transition.
Individualized treatment plans as a recommendation:
• One-size-fits-all is outdated – a combination of axial length,
age, progression rate and behavior is crucial.
• Treatment matching is becoming standard practice.
38
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

FITTING BACKGROUND
children – build trust and open up a willingness to act. The
message: it's not just about vision, but about quality of life – even
in adulthood.
Systemic thinking provides valuable insights here: parents do
not make decisions purely rationally, but in the context of their
roles, values and family experiences. A skillfully conducted
conversation can help to break down barriers.
Making values visible: What is really important to parents?
One approach could be to start with value-oriented conversation:
• ‘What do you want for your child's future?’
• ‘What role do independence, concentration or health play
in this?’
These questions encourage reflection. In this case, myopia
management is no longer seen as a cost factor, but as an active
contribution to achieving these values.
Making effects tangible instead of just explaining them
Human change does not usually take place on the basis of facts,
but through experiences gathered over the course of a lifetime.
A quick eye test simulating higher myopia progression, a
before-and-after example or a simple visualization of the change
in axial length can create moments of realization.
True to the motto: expand the scope for action through
experience – not just through information alone.
phenomenom, but a long-term, profound change in pediatric
optometry. Investing in education, equipment and training is
worthwhile. This will make you a health partner on equal
footing and a shaper of the future for the next generation.
The good news at the end: parents are willing to take action
– but only if they are understood, listened to and supported.
Dealing with myopia is not just a question of technology or
products, but rather a question of relationships. This is precisely
where the ECP's greatest strength lies: creating closeness,
building trust and enabling change.
Not every product is
suitable for every child – the key is
individualization.
Communicate responsibility instead of blame
It is crucial not to make parents feel that they have failed simply
because they have not taken any action so far. Instead, ECP
should signal that they value and acknowledge the parents'
willingness to invest time in an initial consultation and their
desire for change.
This attitude activates a sense of self-efficacy, which is a key
factor in the willingness to change.
Conclusion
The myopia epidemic calls for a new self-image and corresponding
attention in our daily work. Those who look beyond the horizon
of dispensing glasses and provide holistic support to children
do more than just provide care – they offer guidance in an
increasingly digital and visually demanding world. It's not just
about good vision. It's about the future. •
Reframing investment: from price to meaning
A proven approach is reframing. Instead of talking about costs,
the consultation can focus on the meaning. Possible statements
could be:
• ‘It's not about glasses, it's about how your child will be able
to see in ten years' time.’
• ‘Here, you are not only investing in visual acuity, but also
in learning ability, quality of life and safety.’
Change begins with relationships, not arguments
Myopia management is not purely a technical issue, but a
relationship issue. This is evident in the interaction between
parents and children, between ECPs and parents, and between
facts and feelings.
To strengthen the willingness to change, it is advisable to not
only rely on information, but also to provide inspiration.
Furthermore, myopia management is not a short-term
Sabine Otero has almost four decades of
professional experience in optometry and the
optical industry. As a bachelor professional in
technology, she is thoroughly familiar with every
aspect of the industry, from the workbench to
product development. However, her particular passion is contact
lenses—a subject that has fascinated her both professionally and
personally for decades.
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
39

REPORT
Pictures alco Linsen G
Forty years of trust
– The Falco Linsen AG story
t first glance, the small wiss town of Tgerwilen seems an unlikely place to find a company that shaped the past and
continues to shape the future of RGP contact lenses. et for forty years, alco Linsen G has done eactly that uietly,
with precision, and with a conviction that every challenge can be solved when you truly understand it. By Philipp Polonyi
Founded in 1985 by Markus Lüchinger together with his father
and brother, Falco began as a workshop where optical craft,
geometry and patience met. Benches filled with notebooks of
hand-drawn fluorescein patterns, microscopes shared space with
a coffee cup. To Markus, every lens began with understanding
– of the eye, and of the person whose world it would help to
bring into focus. “You have to be convinced that every problem
can be solved once you truly understand it,” he says. That
conviction – born of curiosity, precision and responsibility –
became Falco’s compass.
When the company introduced its first aspheric-spheric geometry,
the FSA design, at the end of the 1980s, it was not just a technical
advancement. What had once been imagined in pencil lines
could now be cut into polymer with micrometre precision. From
that moment, Falco evolved from workshop to reference point:
early adoption of CNC-controlled production, ongoing refinement
of edge profiles, continuous dialogue with optometrists who
demanded more than standard curves.
Over the decades, Falco has remained true to its own course.
What guides the company is not growth for its own sake, but
the awareness that every lens shapes the way someone sees – and
that real progress comes from purpose, not just size. Under
today’s owner and CEO Oliver Gubler, this principle has become
even clearer. “For us, a lens is not a commodity, it’s a responsibility
– towards the practitioner and the patient,” he says. The sentence
could hang above every machine in Tägerwilen.
That sense of responsibility also shapes Falco’s supply-chain
relationships – collaborations with material specialists and
toolmakers who know that precision is never purely technical.
Polymer quality, tooling accuracy and metrology routines are
discussed as seriously as fitting philosophies. Reliability starts
long before a button touches the lathe and continues long after
a parcel leaves dispatch.
In November 2025, the company’s anniversary celebrations
brought together those who have shared – and are shaping – Falco’s
path: customers, partners and friends united by a belief in the
enduring value of RGP lenses, in every shape and size, and in
the difference, they make in people’s lives. It was not a showpiece,
but a gathering of like-minded partners with a shared purpose
– a celebration of trust and of work that continues to shape the
field, forty years on.
As the contact lens industry changes in pace and structure, Falco
stands out not by scale, but by commitment and connection – to
its partners, to its patients, to the principles that shaped it.
Technology has changed the tools, not the outlook or the attitude.
Forty years on, Falco’s purpose remains clear: to help people see
better, to enable specialists to work with confidence, and to build
trust that endures. •
40
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

Larsen PR-ADVERTISEMENT -A
Larsen: "Satisfied customers are our mission"
Marked resonance from Mediphacos
LAB ENGINEER: DANIEL FILGUEIRAS
The Larsen Blocker is a great machine, with quick and simple
adjustments ensuring robustness and repeatability in operation
and the Larsen Polishers are very simple to use and the results
are the best I’ve seen. The technical assistance is another
differential of the Larsen’s brand, with attentive professionals
always willing to help with highest speed as possible.
LAB MANAGER: ALEXANDRE LOPES
It is an excellent machine. The Larsen Autoblocker is
synonymous with robustness, functionality and productivity.
Easy to operate and does not require a long set-up for model
changes.
It comes to attend an old demand to ensure the centralization
of the lathing process. Although we have bought the
autoblocker for contact lens production, it had also a very
good performance for blocking intraocular lenses when
compared to our current system. I will definitely consider
having another Larsen Autoblocker for IOL production.
Differently from custom RGP lens production, IOL production
requires very low downtime losses in order to keep
productivity at high levels. Each machine in the production
chain is key to keep those levels and the Larsen Blocker
surely plays its role well.
The Larsen Company sells not only equipments but also
solutions.
MAINTENANCE PERSON: MARCOS RIBEIRO
I am very pleased with the Larsen machines, in all aspects,
because their maintenance is easy, have high performance,
efficient technical assistance service and no difficulty on finding
replacement parts. Simple and smart adjustments are all we
need to keep machines running two shifts without interruption.
LAB TECHNICIAN: SANDRA APARECIDA
Larsen machines made my life much easier as they are simple
to operate, very reliable and precise. It is a real upgrade for the
production process, mainly for scleral lens manufacturing.
Blocking, deblocking, base/front polishing and edge polishing
became simple operations after we have replaced former
equipments by Larsen Autoblocker and bladder polishers. My
feeling is that we are making more lenses with less effort.
INDUSTRIAL DIRECTOR: MARCELO CAMARGOS
The best of Larsen is that they are focused on lab productivity
and customer satisfaction. It is impossible to work with them
without making friends.
Larsen equipments are robust, reliable, straightforward, easy
maintenance and have good cost-benefit ratio. Fine tooling
options together with right equipment made our life easier
and have increased production and productivity in our lab.
Although we have many years of RGP lens manufacturing
knowledge, and proprietary base curve blocking and tooling
systems, we decide to replace everything by Larsen equipments
and supporting tooling. Larsen Autoblocker with dual wax
dispenser allows us to work simultaneously with small diameter
regular lenses and large diameter scleral lenses. The flexibility
of polishing machines and tools has solved the problem of
efficiently polishing complex geometries produced by the
lathes in a single operation. Some people may say that nothing
can surpass pitch polishing for optical quality. I use to agree
with that in the past, since we manufacture contact lenses
since 1975. At that time, we had to master pitch polishing
techniques in order to correct surface roughness to have an
excellent surface and optical quality. Nevertheless, with the
use of most recent CNC lathes and good quality diamond
tools, there is no need to “generate” anymore a good surface
by polishing; this is a task for the lathe, given that it is well
adjusted. Polishing process should have minimum interference
with the surface. Furthermore, current contact lenses have
complex geometries that could not be polished by former pitch
processes. Larsen Bladder Polishers takes care that task fast
and efficiently. Our overall productivity has improved around
20% with very low reject rate, enhancing OEE (Overall
Equipment Effectiveness) performance.
Always improving the machines and tooling, they have good
solutions for everything, even for problems that have not yet
happened. •
GlobalCONTACT 3-25 2-25
41

REPORT
Pictures: Silke Sage
Prof. Dr. Lyndon Jones
Brian Tompkins
Prof. Dr. Hakan Kaymak
20 years of JenVis Research
International conference for optometry and vision science
The Jena Vision Conference, held from 31 October to 2 November 2025, marked the 20th anniversary of the Jena Vision
Research Institute. Over 300 guests, 25 speakers from 6 countries came together to discuss current developments in
optometry and vision science – and to look back on two decades of JenVis Research history. By Silke Sage
The conference began on Friday at the Scala restaurant in the
Jena Tower with an atmospheric evening above the rooftops of
the city. Speakers, alumni, partners and guests of honor met
for an informal welcome reception. Against the backdrop of
Jena's illuminated streets, cocktails, drinks and snacks provided
the setting for initial discussions with international and national
speakers – a foretaste of the rich program of events to follow
the next day.
JenVis – grown out of the university,
now internationally networked
The celebration honored the JenVis research institute, which
was founded 20 years ago by Professor Wolfgang Sickenberger
and Dr Sebastian Marx. Both continue to head the institute
today. JenVis grew out of the Ernst Abbe University of Applied
Sciences in Jena, but operates as an independent research
network, combining academic teaching with international
vision science research.
Prof. Wolfgang Sickenberger has been shaping the university for
many years. With his practical, clear and scientifically based teaching
approach, he repeatedly succeeds in inspiring students to engage
in research-oriented work. One result of this work was impressively
evident in Jena: the young optometry students at Ernst Abbe
University are accomplished speakers, accustomed to attending
international conferences and engaging in scientific discussions.
Dr Sebastian Marx has also been committed to this close integration
of science, study and international exchange for many years.
Both contributed humorous retrospectives to the conference,
making the program both personal and entertaining.
Technical program in the former public baths
Saturday was the scientific centerpiece of the anniversary
conference. The former Volksbad Jena, a historic bath, provided
a unique atmospheric setting. Today international experts
presented on solid ground their latest research findings – partly
in German, partly in English.
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GlobalCONTACT 3-25

REPORT
Prof. Wolfgang Sickenberger and Dr. Sebastian Marx
Stefan Schwarz, Prof. Sickenberger, Prof. Dr. Jones, Bo Lauenburg (f.l.)
Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Grein
Daddi Fadel
Among them was Professor Lyndon Jones (University of
Waterloo/CORE), who presented the latest developments in
contact lens materials, study results and international trends.
Brian Tompkins, known for his lively and humorous
presentations, travelled from the United Kingdom. His lecture
Recipe for Contact Lens Success combined scientific content
with a live cooking demonstration – a performance that
surprised and delighted the audience.
Between looking back and looking ahead
Another focus of the conference was the development of the
JenVis network and its significance for research and career
paths. Dr Hendrik Walter and Prof. Alex Münz reported on
the early years at EAH Jena and JenVis – from projects to
insights into student life and why Jena is a leading location for
vision science. But also, why it has provided a launch into
international fields of work for many of the students.
This was also evident among the younger generation: students
or former students such as Monique Bretschneider, Katharina
Keller, Hannah Kistner and Lukas Sempf presented in their
lectures how close education, research and practice are
interlinked in Jena. Two former students also took on the role
of moderators: Dr Oliver Kolbe & Johannes Schubart.
An evening at the Zeiss Planetarium
An emotional highlight was the evening event at the Zeiss
Planetarium Jena, the oldest planetarium in the world still in
existence. For the conference, the seating was removed and
replaced with bar tables – an unusual but impressive sight.
In his welcome address, the mayor of Jena, Dr Thomas Nitzsche,
praised the importance of Jena as a research location. In his
video address, Minister President of Saxony-Anhalt, Dr Reiner
Haseloff, emphasized the role of optometry in the context of
modern health research. The program for the evening was far
from over. After the speeches between dinner, conversations,
retrospectives and a photo backdrop for memories, it became
clear how broad the network of science, industry and academia
has grown.
A look at the lifespan of vision
On Sunday, further lectures continued the program – this
time with a thematic arc ranging from vision in infancy and
childhood to age-related physiological changes. Speakers
included Prof. Hans-Jürgen Grein (TH Lübeck and Fielmann
Academy, Plön), Kathleen S. Kunert (Regiomed Rehaklinik
Masserberg) and Prof. Hakan Kaymak (MVZ Breyer Kaymak
Klabe, Düsseldorf). This day of the conference combined basic
research with clinically relevant issues, rounding off the
thematic diversity.
The anniversary not only honored the international significance
of JenVis, but also its close connection to the Ernst Abbe University
of Applied Sciences in Jena – and the people who have shaped this
development: above all Prof. Wolfgang Sickenberger and Dr
Sebastian Marx. •
GlobalCONTACT 3-25
43

BUSINESS + MARKETING
Polite or cowardly?
Mailings and chats instead of real conversations in sales
Yes, we live in a digital world. And yes, we not only use emails as a matter of course, but also business messaging service
providers such as Whatspp. But although these digital systems offer many advantages, the uestion remains as to whether
we, as participants in the popular online dialog, would sometimes prefer to have a human contact. By Oliver Schumacher
The fact is and remains: Face-to-face conversations are often
much more purposeful – and more appropriate for many
situations. However, it is temptingly easy to “just” send a message,
both to request a written offer, for example, and to send it. This
may work well in an established business relationship, but is it
really effective when dealing with new customers where both
parties do not even know each other?
Who is bothering whom?
The sales manager says to his employee: “What happened to the
offer you sent the customer? Wasn't that about a big order?” The
employee replies: “Nothing has come of it yet. I have already
sent him two e-mails asking if he has made a decision yet. But
he hasn't replied. I guess we will have to be patient a little longer.”
This kind of behavior makes some managers' hair stand on end
– and often leaves employees shrugging their shoulders. Because
in situations like this, they often say to themselves “I don't want
to be a nuisance and be pushy, so I can't just call them. If the
customer is interested, they will get in touch. But if I really need
to follow up, I'd rather do it by email.”
And the boss? He is at a loss and wonders what is wrong with
his employee – you can just pick up the phone! That's what he
used to do ...
A delicate balance
Very often, communication is a balancing act between
intrusiveness and indifference. Admittedly, hardly any customer
likes it when salespeople are annoying. But on the other hand,
do not customers also want to feel wanted and desired? Who
has not experienced the disappointment of having to run after
the waitress in a restaurant?
And is it not often a case of “getting the order” or “not getting
the order” in everyday business life, or in other words, all or
nothing? After all, orders are usually only placed once. And if
you are too passive here, you run the risk of not being awarded
the contract.
Of course, there are people who happily make inquiries here
and there – and insist on a written rather than a personal dialog.
Right from the start. But can it be right to provide an enquirer
with an offer almost on demand if they are not even prepared
to speak to the provider before the offer is made?
Is it not even a clear alarm signal that this request is highly
unlikely to result in an order? Why do providers invest a lot of
time and money in elaborate offers if the enquirer clearly
communicates from the outset: “I set the rules for how you have
to work!”? Are such behaviors really the basis for solid business
or an appreciative and prosperous cooperation?
44
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BUSINESS + MARKETING
Providers need rules of the game
An analysis of the inquiries that come in via different channels
and the resulting completion rates are a valuable indication of
where specific changes are required. The bottom line is that some
companies are better off if they do not blindly send out offers,
but define minimum requirements before taking the next step.
For example, if the interested party is ready for a further open
qualification meeting after their inquiry, whether on site, on the
phone or online, then the next step is taken and an elaborate
and meaningful offer is prepared. If not, then they will not receive
a detailed and individualized offer due to a lack of order
probability, but at best a standard offer.
Salespeople need ideas
If salespeople are reluctant to call the enquirer, there is a reason
behind it. Possibly not only the concern of disturbing with the
call, but perhaps also the fear of being spontaneously overwhelmed
by the reaction of the person called. The prospective customer
could react in very different ways: From polite and eager to buy
to dominant and dismissive.
Who really wants to end the conversation and regret the call
because the person called has pushed them to the edge of their
possibilities, with or without malicious intent? Even if this risk
is quite low, it is still possible and looms large in your mind when
you dial!
My tip: exchanging ideas with experienced colleagues, regular
training and an increasing number of tasks to be carried out on
the phone can help many employees to enter customer meetings
with more courage and confidence. •
Oliver Schumacher, sales trainer since 2009
and networking professional, sets new accents
in the areas of knowledge transfer, learning
culture and personal positioning in a likeable,
well-founded manner. Under the motto "Be real",
he shows how anyone can become No. 1 - whether
self-employed, manager or employee. For him,
the main drivers of growth are curiosity and courage, discipline and
self-confidence. httpsoliver-schumacher.de
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HISTORY
The colored contact lens
Series on the Roth Collection
The first contact lenses were developed toward the end of the 19th century to correct refractive errors that
could not be addressed with spectacles. These primarily included irregular astigmatism, keratoconus, or
corneal scars. Later, such lenses were also used to correct high myopia and aphakia. Eventually, they served
as bandages or “corsets” to cover or slow the progression of corneal deformities, which were then referred to
as staphylomas. By Hans-Walter Roth
Contact lenses also allowed for the reduction of light entering
the eye by applying a light-blocking layer, thereby alleviating
increased light sensitivity. A light-absorbing color layer was
applied either on the outer or inner surface of the lens, reducing
light entry similarly to the glass of protective or sunglasses.
Depending on the density of the color application, up to 100%
light absorption could be achieved, indicated in cases of a
blind eye.
The lens shown here is a corneoscleral shell made of Plexiglas,
dating back to around 1930. At that time, no other transparent
plastic was available for contact lenses. The optical part of this
lens is tinted dark on its inner surface and has a light absorption
of 65%. The diameter of the disc-shaped color layer is 11.3 mm
and, when worn on the eye, it covers the cornea precisely. This
also conceals corneal defects from external view. This
corneoscleral shell, tinted dark brown in the optical zone, was
46
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

HISTORY
once used to reduce increased light sensitivity following a
traumatic pupil injury. It was manufactured by Müller Welt in
Stuttgart, Germany, and worn only during daylight. At night,
the patient used a lens with identical parameters but with only
30% light absorption, allowing for driving in the dark.
A very specific indication for such lenses was increased light
sensitivity, especially in cases of unilateral pupil dysfunction,
such as coloboma or traumatic mydriasis.
Modern contact optics now allow both hard and soft lenses to
be colored not only in the material itself but also on the surface
with various color layers. Almost any motif or color can now
be applied to the lens surface, either by hand painting,
photographic techniques, or color printing. Particularly popular
are realistic depictions of healthy anterior eye segments, aiming
to conceal cosmetical and functional defects completely. The
model for such iris lenses is always the second, healthy eye; in
rare cases of bilateral congenital aniridia, the mother’s or
father’s eye has proven to be a suitable template for the newborn.
Today, a wide variety of colorful images and designs are offered
for contact lenses, which are best described as gimmicks. A
puma in the eye of a top athlete promoting their outfit can
hardly be considered medically useful. Such lenses affect the
natural pupil function in healthy eyes and may render the
wearer unfit to drive. They may be eye-catching in a nightclub
but pose a risk behind the wheel. They are not recommended
for drivers, train operators, or pilots. It also remains unclear
whether the dyes, washed out by tear fluid, could trigger allergic
or toxic reactions in the eye.
Originally, only large painted corneoscleral shells or lenses
were used, which allowed little movement during blinking or
eye movements and thus provided significantly better optical
and cosmetic results. However, this limited daily wear time
considerably. Only with the development of highly hydrophilic
soft lenses did wear times improve significantly. Today, highly
gas-permeable lens materials are preferred for all-day use.
It was certainly quite original when a purser from a well-known
airline recently greeted first-class passengers wearing contact
lenses featuring a green, vertically slit cat’s eye. Management
was not amused, according to media reports, he would be
dismissed if it happened again. •
Dr. Hans-Walter Roth, Ophthalmologist and
Director of the Contact Lens Research Institute
in Ulm, Germany, is the author of numerous
publications and books on the physiology of
the contact lens and the history of eyesight.
He is a city councilor of the city of Ulm,
specializing in education, social affairs, art
and culture. He is also the founder of the Ulm
Hospital for the Poor.
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21.02.24 10:30 PM
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EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE
CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES
EFCLIN
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CH 6043 Adligenswil
Switzerland
Phone: +41 41 372 10 10
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info@efclin.com
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BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
Belgium culture combined with ancient
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to be the perfect place for Business in the
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The 46th EFCLIN Congress & Exhibition
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Phone: +1 206 789 5121
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Machinery and Tools
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

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SCHNEIDER GmbH & Co. KG
Biegenstrasse 8 –12
SCHNEIDER 35112 Fronhausen
GmbH & Co. KG
Biegenstrasse Germany 8 –12
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Phone: +49 Germany (64 26) 96 96-0
Fax: Phone: +49 (64 +49 26) (64 26) 96 96-100
96-0
Fax: +49 (64 26) 96 96-100
info@schneider-om.com
info@schneider-om.com
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V-Optics SAS
2, rue du travail
67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden
France
Phone: +33 (0) 3 67 10 28 60
info@v-optics.fr
www.v-optics.fr
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GlobalCONTACT 3-25
49

CLOSING WORDS
MASTHEAD
CLOSING WORDS
Philip B. Morgan, PhD
Member of the College of Optometrists (UK) (MCOptom),
fellow of the American Academy of Optometry (FAAO),
fellow of the British Contact Lens Association
Philip Morgan is professor of optometry, head of optometry,
deputy head of the division of pharmacy and optometry, and
director of Eurolens Research at The University of Manchester.
In private, I am… probably sitting at a computer manipulating a
spreadsheet and listening to music (which gets louder if I am on my own).
I enjoy simple cooking and being in my garden trying to understand how
vegetables actually work.
For me, contact lenses are… under-prescribed and under-appreciated.
They optimise our primary sense as human beings – sight – and are available
in thousands of powers and in dozens of materials.
I wear contact lenses… occasionally and as my only form of vision
correction. I am emmetropic and despite being 56 years old, I have no need
for regular vision correction.
People who wear contact lenses… have a good optometrist.
A life without contact lenses… would certainly have made for a less
interesting professional career. Developing a contact lens to offer great
vision, comfort and ocular health is a fascinating scientific challenge.
An invention that has yet to be invented in the field of optometry… is
a manufacturable, remote controlled and dynamically powered contact
lens. We made a prototype device like this but could not win the funding
to go to the next stage.
When I was 18, I wanted to… challenge my brain and do something
interesting. I am grateful that optometry has given me this and much
more.
What I have missed out on so far in life is… not much. I would like to
be able to play the guitar beyond the 10 chords I know but overall I am
grateful for my family, the opportunities I have had and my interesting
existence.
My personal motto is… ’excellence through effort’. As I look around our
profession and industry, it seems to me that those who have achieved the
most have also worked the hardest. I try to adopt this mantra in my own
life and work.
GLOBAL CONTACT
The Website and the Magazine: The complete communication system for the contact lens industry. The
magazine, 2,500 copies, is distributed to contact lens laboratories, wholesalers and other organizations
active in the contact lens and IOL industry.
The website www.global-cl.com is free for all industry related professionals
PUBLISHERS ADDRESS
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Members of
I never travel without… my passport, my phone, a spare battery and a
power cable. Although I usually have a bag full of other computer items,
I think I could manage for quite a period with these four items alone.
The best place in the world is… somewhere in northern Europe in winter
– preferably at least 53°north.
GlobalCONTACT 3-25

52nd
EFCLIN
CONGRESS
EXHIBITION
23RD – 25TH APRIL 2026
SITGES/BARCELONA,
SPAIN
EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE
CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES
ANCHORED IN
INNOVATION
DRIVEN BY
VISION
Back to beautiful Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
– and into the future of vision.
52nd EFCLIN Congress & Exhibition
23–25 April 2026
The place to connect, discover,
and shape the future of the Contact Lens
& IOL industry.
JOIN US AND
REGISTER NOW!
More Information
web www.efclin.com mail info@efclin.com phone +41 41 372 10 10
facebook search: EFCLIN X @EFCLIN#efclincongress
address EFCLIN | Winkelbüel 2 | CH-6043 Adligenswil | Switzerland
efclin.com/congress
or e-mail us on
info@efclin.com

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