The Dairy Mail Dec 2025

Vol 32 • No 12 • DECEMBER 2025

R46,50 incl VAT • ISSN: 1561-4301

Suiwel se

strategiese rol

in die NUWE

LANDBOU-ERA

Setting breeding

goals for dairy

cattle selection

— THE DO’S

AND DON’TS

IN THIS ISSUE: ITALY’S DAIRY INDUSTRY | STRATEGIESE VOEDING VIR ’N

WINSGEWENDE 2026 | FEEDING FOR FERTILITY | ROLLING INTO 2026 |

#1

BW JERSEY IN

NEW ZEALAND

Oct-25 Run

506 BW/73

A2A2

NZAEL PROOF

NZL - PRODUCTION

Milk -282 78 % Rel.

Protein +11.9 4.3%

Fat +50.6 6.2%

Dtrs/Herds 40/11

MANAGEMENT

Live Weight -28.5 77 % Rel. Gestation Length +8.1 86 % Rel.

Somatic Cell -0.52 70 % Rel. Heifer Calv. Diff. -9.5 17 % Rel.

Fertility +3.9 53 % Rel. Calving Difficulty -2.0 42 % Rel.

BCS +0.10 60 % Rel. Func. Survival +1.7 35 % Rel.

RIVERINA CASTRO PRESSURE 8-8, 2YRS

®

WORLD WIDE SIRES

S O U T H A F R I C A

B THE DAIRYMAIL • DECEMBER 2025

HERE FOR YOU.

wwsires.com

SOOS ONS DIT SIEN • AS WE SEE IT

AS WE SEE IT

SOOS ONS DIT SIEN

December is here, and with it, the smell

of silage, the hum of milk pumps and

the unmistakable buzz of holiday

cheer – and yes, a few flies we’ve been writing

about all year!

Soos ons die jaar afsluit, kyk ons terug na

al die As we wee it / Soos ons dit sien artikels

van die afgelope jaar – van voerpryse wat

jou begroting laat sweet, tot biosekuriteit wat

jou snags wakker hou. En natuurlik die groot

vraag: gaan robotte ooit beter kan melk as

ons? (Moenie bekommer nie, hulle het ons

steeds nodig!)

This month, we are taking a lighter

approach. After all, December isn’t just about

closing budgets and planning for 2026 – it’s

about gratitude, reflection and maybe a little

laughter in the milking parlour. So, here’s our

festive thought: if cows could write their own

year-end message, what would they say?

Probably something like:

‘Thanks for the feed, sorry about the hoof

trimming drama, and please keep the fans

running, we are not built for 35°C!’

Soos ons die feestyd ingaan, onthou:

suiwelboerdery is meer as liters en marges –

dis ’n leefstyl; ’n nalatenskap, ’n liefde vir diere,

die natuur en ons mooi land. Neem ’n oomblik

om rustig te raak, die sonsondergang te

waardeer, saam met vriende en familie te braai

en ’n glas volroom melk op 2025 te klink!

From all of us at The Dairymail, thank you

for letting us be part of your dairy journey.

Here’s to a 2026 filled with healthy herds,

happy farmers, more milk, and fewer flies – we

promise to keep writing about that too!

Geseënde Kersfees.

See you in the Moo Year!

DECEMBER 2025 • THE DAIRYMAIL 1

HIGHLIGHTS

2025

In 2025, South Africa’s dairy industry showed resilience with increased

milk purchases despite economic headwinds, driven by growth in long-life

milk and cheese, but faced challenges from high input costs (electricity)

impacting processors. Key highlights include a forecast for production

growth (2% in unprocessed milk) and increased US exports, coupled with a

focus on quality, innovation (fortified dairy, private labels), and addressing

issues like water contamination concerns.

Market Performance

& Production

» Resilience: Dairy product sales

remained relatively strong, with fresh

milk and butter seeing slight declines

but other categories like long-life milk

(up 6,9%) and cheese (up 4,1%) growing,

though often at the expense of price.

» Production Growth: Unprocessed milk

production was forecast to increase by

2%, supported by declining feed costs.

» Price Sensitivity: Consumers are pricesensitive,

leading to downward pressure

on retail dairy prices.

Industry Focus

& Innovation

» Fortified & Private Labels: Growth

areas identified in the manufacturing

sector include fortified dairy products

and private-label brands.

» Technology: Discussions at events like

the AgriOrbit (May 2025) highlighted

automation and robotic milking

advancements.

» Infrastructure: Acknowledgment of

significant government investment

planned for infrastructure, offering

potential support for industry growth.

2 THE DAIRYMAIL • DECEMBER 2025

FROM THE PUBLISHER’S DESK

FROM THE PUBLISHERS DESK

Despite the pressure,

the industry held.

Farmers adapted.

Processors adjusted.

The system

didn’t collapse.

As 2025 draws to a close, it’s worth

acknowledging what the year really

was for South African dairy. It was

dramatic, and it was bloody difficult. Foot and

mouth disease created a crisis that tested

every part of the industry – the kind of year

that forces hard decisions and exposes just

how interconnected this system really is.

But here is what also happened. Despite

the pressure, the industry held. Farmers

adapted. Processors adjusted. The system

didn’t collapse.

I want to thank the brands and partners

who backed The Dairymail and supported

MaxMedia this year. Your willingness to invest

during a crisis year, to experiment with new

content formats, to test our watch/listen/read

approach – that’s what keeps us going.

Looking ahead to 2026, we are excited to

keep creating content that adds real value to

this industry. Content that helps you become

better farmers, better businesspeople, and

make better decisions.

Have a good Christmas. See you in 2026.

Jacques Basson

Publisher, The Dairymail

CONTACT US

BYE-BYE BUZZZZZ…


CONTENTS INHOUDSOPGAWE

8

36

1 Soos ons dit sien • As we see it

3 From the publisher’s desk

7 Meet the team | Suiwelkalender

BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

8 Suiwel se strategiese rol in die nuwe

landbou-era

14 Italy’s Dairy Industry

18 Honouring South Africa’s Agri elite:

National Farmer of the Year Awards 2025

22 Dairy economic indicators

28 Dairy digits

31 Kortliks • Briefly

PRODUKSIE • PRODUCTION

32 Strategiese voeding vir ’n

winsgewende 2026

36 Feeding for fertility: How high-yield herds

are mastering reproductive success

RENTMEESTERSKAP • STEWARDSHIP

40 Praktiese somergids vir vliegbeheer op

Suid‐Afrikaanse suiwelplase

BESTUUR • MANAGEMENT

45 Setting breeding goals for dairy cattle

selection — the do’s and don’ts

50 Labour column

Onder die invloed op die plaas?

Só hanteer jy dit.

NAVORSING EN OPLEIDING •

RESEARCH AND TRAINING

53 Can in vitro embryo production bridge

the gap between research and the

dairy industry?


INHOUD • CONTENTS

53

Produced by

Editorial contributions

Email: content@maxmediagroup.co.za

Advertising & rates

Email: sales@maxmediagroup.co.za

Ilse Liveris • Tel: 072 708 4401

57 Research column

Pair housing: A simple shift with big

benefits for dairy calves

60 Milk SA warns against illegal FMD

vaccine use

61 Government intensifies foot-and-mouth

disease response

MOO-VING WHEELS

62 Rolling into 2026: Tech and trends for

dairy mobility

Charlene Bam • Tel: 061 500 7991

Accounts & subscriptions

Email: charlene@maxmediagroup.co.za

Charlene Bam • Tel: 061 500 7991

PS. Remember to

capture the essence

of dairy farming

wherever you farm.

Mail your photographs

and a short description to

content@maxmediagroup.co.za

Expressions of opinion, claims and statements of supposed

facts do not necessarily reflect the views of The Dairymail,

editor, or publisher. While every effort is made to report

accurately, The Dairymail, the publisher, or the editor do not

accept any liability regarding any statement, advertisement,

fact, or recommendation made in this magazine.

ISSN: 1561-4301

An initiative of the MPO,

published monthly | PO Box 1284,

Pretoria 0001, South Africa

www.dairymail.co.za

Milk Producers’ Organisation,

referred to as MPO

South African Milk Processors’

Organisation, referred to as SAMPRO

Milk South Africa,

referred to as Milk SA



MEET THE TEAM

THAT CARES:

SWITCHBOARD: 012 843 5600

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

Fanie Ferreira fanie@mpo.co.za 083 453 9339

COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER

Carina Pieterse carina@mpo.co.za 079 458 5497

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC SERVICES

Bertus van Heerden bertus@mpo.co.za 083 300 3667

ECONOMIST

Jade Smith jade@mpo.co.za 076 712 7395

FINANCIAL SERVICES

Wessel Steyn wessel@mpo.co.za 082 896 8116

MEMBER SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

Yolanda Strydom yolanda.s@mpo.co.za 072 371 1893

Anneke Kubannek anneke@mpo.co.za 071 875 1488

REGIONS

MPO WESTERN CAPE

Lize Marié du Toit lizem@mpo.co.za 076 774 1284

MPO NORTH

Mnandi Kruger north@mpo.co.za 073 116 8544

MPO KWAZULU-NATAL

Bianca Johnston kzn@mpo.co.za 060 945 1735

MPO EASTERN CAPE

Anri Wolmarans ec@mpo.co.za 064 934 3951

TRAINING AND TRANSFORMATION SERVICES

Ronald Rapholo ronald@mpo.co.za 082 734 4433

SOME EVENTS TO

LOOK FORWARD TO

27 – 29 JANUARY 2026

DairyTech Expo

Crocus Expo,

Moscow

Bieliemieliefees

Reitz, Oos-Vrystaat

4 FEBRUARY 2026

26 – 28 FEBRUARY 2026

Dairy-Tech 2026

Stoneleigh Park, UK

11 – 13 MARCH 2026

11 th Agritec Africa

Gallagher Convention

Centre, Johannesburg

Weens herhaaldelike kragonderbrekings ondervind

ons probleme met ons skakelbord. Vir die toekoms

word aanbeveel dat u ons span direk op hulle

selfoonnommers kontak. Ons wil graag met u gesels.

Due to repeated power outages, we are experiencing

problems with our switchboard. In future, we recommend

that you contact our team directly on their mobile numbers.

We would like to talk to you.

11 – 13 MARCH 2026

International Dairy Federation

Joint Symposium on Mastitis

& Milking Technology

Stockholm, Sweden

Dairy Mail - IntelliBond Banner Ads (June 2025)print.pdf 1 2025/05/08 08:55

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SKANDEER of

KLIK om te kyk

SKANDEER of

KLIK om te luister

Suiwel se

strategiese

rol in die

NUWE

LANDBOU‐ERA

deur The Dairymail Redaksie

Die kritieke rol van suiwel

en vrees vir veegesondheid

beklemtoon by

NAMPO Alfa 2025


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Die onlangse paneelbespreking

by NAMPO Alfa, gefokus op die

rooivleiswaardeketting, het onthul

hoe diep die uitdagings in die sektor lê;

van ekonomiese volhoubaarheid tot die

kritieke bedreiging van veesiektes. Die

primêre produsent se kwesbaarheid en die

noodsaaklikheid van ’n verenigde front was

deurlopende temas.

Die bespreking het ’n duidelike pad

vorentoe vir die rooivleis- en proteïenbedryf,

insluitend suiwel, uitgelig, wat fokus op

verenigde leierskap, die ontwikkeling van

kundigheid, en die dringendheid van optrede.

Fanie Ferreira, hoof uitvoerende beampte

(HUB) van die Melkprodusente Organisasie

(MPO), het onderstreep dat die suiwelbedryf

se volhoubaarheid direk gekoppel is

aan die groter uitdagings in die breër

rooivleiswaardeketting, veral met betrekking

tot veegesondheid en ekonomiese strukture.

Mnr. Ferreira se leiersrol in die bedryf

is lank reeds gevestig; hy was self 35 jaar

lank ’n melkboer. Hy is sedert 2015 by die

nasionale direksie en vanaf 2019/2020 by

die hervorming van die MPO betrokke, en

in November herverkies as HUB van die

organisasie. “Aanvanklik was die plan gewees

om dit vir drie maande te doen en vyf jaar later

sit ek nou nogsteeds daar. So miskien het ons

iewers iets reggekry”, het hy opgemerk.

Die suiwelbedryf as

kritieke rolspeler

Die suiwelbedryf is ’n sleutelaandeelhouer

in die rooivleiswaardeketting, waarvandaan

’n betekenisvolle 15% van ’n melkboer se

totale inkomste uit vleisverkope kom. Die

Suid-Afrikaanse suiwelbedryf het oor die

jare gekonsolideer; slegs 880 melkboere

produseer vandag byna twee keer soveel

melk as wat 28 000 boere in die vroeë 90s

geproduseer het. Die daaglikse produksie van

byna 11 miljoen liter melk word deur ongeveer

660 000 beeste in melk volgehou.

Sowat 220 000 van die lakterende diere

(ongeveer ’n derde van die kudde) word

jaarliks as uitslagbeeste in die rooivleisketting

geslag. Boonop word die ander twee derdes

van die kudde, wat nie geïnsemineer word

vir vervangingsverse nie, met vleissemen

geïnsemineer om jongdiere te produseer wat

dan die vleiswaardeketting voed.


Die krisis van veesiektes

en protokolle

Die grootste en mees dringende bedreiging

vir die suiwelbedryf tans is bek-en-klouseer.

Mnr. Ferreira het gewaarsku dat die siekte,

soos dit tans in Suid-Afrika hanteer word,

die suiwelbedryf binne maande kan uitroei.

Melkkoeie word op ’n besonderse manier

aangetas, wat binne dae tot ’n hoë somatiese

telling en erge mastitis lei, en in die meeste

gevalle word daardie beeste verloor.

Die huidige inentingstrategie is as totaal

oneffektief beskryf. Die entstof wat tans

gebruik word, veral die driemaande-stof van

Botswana, het selfs in ’n onlangse geval in

Heidelberg, nie eers vir drie maande gehou

nie. Die bedryf het dringend protokolle nodig

wat werk en ’n entstof met ten minste 12

maande dekking, wat ook ’n merkstof insluit.

Oproep tot samewerking en

sterker leierskap

Daar is ’n sterk pleidooi gelewer dat die

rooivleisbedryf sy organisatoriese struktuur

moet verbreed om die MPO in te sluit, veral

binne die Rooivleisbedryf Dienste (RMIS),

want gesamentlike bedreigings soos bek-enklouseer,

is ’n gemeenskaplike vyand wat die

hele industrie raak.

Mnr. Ferreira het aangevoer dat die primêre

produsent die mees kwesbare rolspeler in die

waardeketting is, aangesien hulle prysnemers

is en bitter min beheer het oor die prys wat vir

hul produk aangebied word. In teenstelling

hiermee het sekondêre rolspelers die vermoë

om waarde tot hul produk toe te voeg. Die

fokus moet verskuif na die beskerming en

volhoubaarheid van die primêre produsent.

Kobus Bester, beesvleisprodusent en

Lewendehawe Registrerende Federasie

(LRF)-direkteur, en Dewald Olivier, HUB van

RMIS, het saamgestem dat die industrie ’n

verenigde stem nodig het om volhoubaarheid

te verseker, internasionaal mee te ding en

marktoegang te verseker.

Die RMIS is ingestel om ’n diensorganisasie

vir die primêre waardeketting te wees, gefokus

op dier- en vleisgesondheid, marktoegang

én volhoubaarheid. Mnr. Olivier het aangedui

dat die RMIS-raad, wat in 2022 ontstaan het,

die welwillendheid het om ander rolspelers

soos die MPO in klustergesprekke in te trek,

en dat die huidige veegesondheidskrisis

’n geleentheid vir ’n tektoniese skuif in die

bedryf skep. Hy het aangevoer dat die bedryf

self beheer moet neem, eerder as om staat

te maak op die regering. “Ons moet beheer

neem oor ons bedryf. Die regering is nie

beesboere nie,” aldus Olivier.

Bester se passie is om goeie gehalte vleis

winsgewend te kan produseer met so ’n

klein as moontlik impak op die omgewing, en

om dit dan ook volhoubaar te doen. Hy het

gewaarsku dat Suid-Afrikaanse produsente

in ’n globale mark meeding: “Ek kompeteer

met die wêreld. Ons moet die waardeketting

meer effektief in die vleisbedryf maak, want as

die waardeketting meer effektief is, dan maak

almal geld; van die produsent tot die slagter

tot die ou wat hom uitvoer”.

Produsente is daartoe verbind om

kundigheid en leierskap te ontwikkel om

die bedryf na ’n wêreldbekerliga standaard

te verhoog, wat noodwendig ’n effektiewe

vleisgraderingstelsel insluit, wat tans in

Suid-Afrika ontbreek. Die industrie moet

bereid wees om in hul eie bedryf te belê deur

heffings, aangesien dit die enigste manier is

om die intellektuele eiendom en tegnologie

te ontwikkel wat nodig is om vorentoe te

beweeg. Die belangrikste boodskap is dat

aksies dringend nodig is en dat die bedryf

moet ophou om in die verlede te dwaal,

maar eerder moet fokus op wat vorentoe

reggemaak kan word.


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Suiwel se rol in die pad vorentoe:

» Vleisproduksie en genetiese bydrae:

Jaarliks word ongeveer 220 000 lakterende

diere geslag, wat ongeveer ’n derde van die

kudde is. Die ander twee derdes van die

kudde word toenemend met vleissemen,

soos Simbra of Hereford, geïnsemineer

om jongdiere te produseer wat dan die

vleiswaardeketting voed. Dit beteken dat

die suiwelsektor ’n massiewe bron van

genetiese materiaal verskaf. Kobus Bester

het die MPO-produsente aangemoedig

om seker te maak dat hierdie kruisrasse

geproduseer word met die korrekte

genetiese materiaal om op dié potensiaal te

kan kapitaliseer.

» Kundigheid in veesorg: Die MPO het

waardevolle kennis om by te dra tot die

stryd teen veesiektes. Soos uitgewys deur

Bester, kan melkboere hulle beeste twee

of selfs drie keer per dag sien, wat hulle

in staat stel om kuddes elke ses maande

in te ent, iets wat vir die gemiddelde

vleisboer moeiliker is. Hierdie praktyk kan

’n uitsondering skep vir melkboere se

kuddebestuur rondom bek-en-klouseer.

» ’n Verenigde front en breër inklusiwiteit:

Fanie Ferreira het ’n sterk pleidooi gelewer

dat die MPO by die strukture soos die RMIS

betrek moet word. Hierdie samewerking

is krities, aangesien bek-en-klouseer ’n

gemeenskaplike vyand is wat die hele

bedryf raak. Dewald Olivier, HUB van RMIS,

het aangedui dat daar ’n welwillendheid en

groot dryf is om ander rolspelers, soos die

MPO, in klustergesprekke te betrek.

» Prioritisering van die primêre produsent:

Ferreira het aangevoer dat die primêre

produsent die mees kwesbare rolspeler

in die waardeketting is en dat daar

meer fokus op die primêre kant van die

bedryf moet wees. Die RMIS is juis gestig

om ’n diensorganisasie vir die primêre

waardeketting te wees. Volhoubaarheid

word in hierdie konteks gedefinieer as om

produsente op hul plase te hou.

» Gradering, standaarde en internasionale

mededingendheid: Die bedryf moet sy

standaarde lig. Kobus Bester het klem

gelê op die dringende behoefte aan ’n

vleisgraderingstelsel in Suid-Afrika om

volwaardig in die internasionale arena

te kan speel.

» Beheer en aksie: Bedryfsleiers moet

beheer oor hul eie bedryf neem en

oplossings na die regering bring, eerder

as om te wag dat die regering oplossings

verskaf wat nie werk nie. Produsente moet

bereid wees om in hul eie bedryf te belê

deur heffings om intellektuele eiendom (IP)

en tegnologie te ontwikkel.

» Veesiektes as dringende aksiepunt:

Bek‐en-klouseer is ’n groot ekonomiese

skuiwer en skep ’n tektoniese

skuifgeleentheid vir die bedryf om te

hervorm. Die MPO eis protokolle wat

werk en ’n entstof met ’n minimum van 12

maande dekking en ’n merkstof, aangesien

die huidige drie maande-entstof totaal

oneffektief is.


Ter opsomming

Die sentiment aan die einde van die

bespreking was dat daar ’n beroep op die

bedryf is om op te hou terug kyk en in die

verlede te dwaal, maar eerder te fokus op

aksie om vorentoe te beweeg. Soos Kobus

Bester dit gestel het: ‘A rising tide raises

all boats’.

Die suiwelsektor staan by ’n strategiese

kruispad waar sy rol veel verder strek as

melkproduksie alleen. Met ’n beduidende

genetiese bydrae tot die vleiswaardeketting, ’n

gevestigde kundigheid in kuddegesondheid

en ’n unieke posisie om veesiektes proaktief te

bestuur, is suiwel ’n onmisbare spilpunt in die

breër veeboerdery-ekosisteem.

Die pad vorentoe vereis ’n verenigde

front, waar suiwel en rooivleis saamwerk

om standaarde te verhoog, internasionale

mededingendheid te verseker en

volhoubaarheid vir primêre produsente

te waarborg.

Dit is tyd dat die suiwelbedryf sy invloed

en kundigheid ten volle benut, nie net

om melkboerdery te beskerm nie, maar

om die hele Suid-Afrikaanse vleis- en

suiwelwaardeketting te versterk. ’n Bedryf wat

saamstaan, belê in innovasie en oplossings

self dryf, sal nie net oorleef nie, maar floreer.

Die boodskap is duidelik: suiwel is nie ’n

byspeler nie – dit is ’n sleutelrolspeler in die

toekoms van ons landbou.

Luister na die volledige bespreking op die

Herkouers Podcast, waar die stemme agter

hierdie strategieë dieper delf in die uitdagings

én geleenthede wat voorlê.

SKANDEER of

KLIK om te kyk

SKANDEER of

KLIK om te luister


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

WORLD WIDE SIRES

S O U T H A F R I C A

For more information

contact your local WWS sales representative or

Gerrit Eberson +27 82 456 6510 gerrite@iafrica.com

TK Khuzwayo +27 60 324 9027 tk@wwsires.co.za


ITALY’S DIARY INDUSTRY

Lessons from Italy:

How quality, innovation

and climate strategy define

Europe’s dairy giant

By The Dairymail Editorial Team

As the global dairy industry grapples

with climate pressures and fluctuating

consumer demands, we look to

Italy, a powerhouse of high-value dairy

production, to understand how a deep

focus on quality, strong organisation and

technological adaptation are shaping its

future. The global dairy market is substantial,

valued at approximately USD 650 billion in

2025, and is projected to grow to roughly

USD 814 billion by 2030. Drawing on a recent

overview of the Italian dairy sector, farmers

and consumers can gain valuable insights into

how premium products thrive even amidst

significant challenges.

A European leader

driven by cheese

The Italian dairy sector is a major economic

engine, holding the position as the fourth

largest dairy sector globally by value and

contributing 9,4% of the total milk produced in

the European Union (EU).

Structural data shows that Italy produces

approximately 13 million tonnes of milk

annually from around 22,600 farms. The

sector is highly concentrated geographically,

with 84% of the national milk volume

originating from the northern regions.

Lombardy is the dominant region, accounting

for 45% of national production, followed by

Emilia-Romagna (16%) and Veneto (9%).


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

A critical feature of the Italian structure

is the business model dominated by

cooperatives. There are over 600

cooperatives involving approximately 17 000

farms and 540 processing plants, responsible

for collecting 65% of all milk in the country.

This cooperative model is particularly

dominant in high-value segments, having a

70% incidence in major protected designation

of origins (PDOs).

The gold standard:

Geographical indications

(DOP/IGP)

For Italian dairy producers, success is

often hinged upon quality certification and

the protection of traditional recipes. The

protected designation of origin (DOP) and

protected geographical indication (IGP)

labels are identified as the main drivers for

Italian agri-food exports and economic value.

Italy produces around 2 500 varieties of

cheese, with more than 300 recognised

as having a protected origin. These DOP

cheeses recorded significant growth,

exceeding €5,5 billion in production value in

2023 – 2024.

For farmers, producing milk destined for

DOP cheese generally commands a higher

price than the average. For example, the

average price for Parmigiano Reggiano

DOP milk was recorded at €1,28/kg in

December last year.

The successful regulation and promotion

of these quality products are achieved by

powerful consortia. These consortia are

associations of independent enterprises

pursuing mutualistic and collective interests.

They regulate parts of the production process

to ensure high quality and standardisation,

drive value and protect the identity of DOP/

IGP products. The success of this model is

central to major cheeses like Grana Padano

and Parmigiano Reggiano.

Export success

amidst global shifts

Italian cheese exports are described as

‘superstars abroad’, driven by strong global

demand for high-value, authenticated

products. Total dairy exports showed

significant growth, with exports up by

approximately 11,5% in 2024 (Jan – Aug).

Cheese exports alone reached 658 kt in 2024,

earning over €5,4 billion.

Cheeses, including Parmigiano, Grana,

Gorgonzola, and Mozzarella, account for 68%

of the sector’s revenue. Growth has been

particularly strong in specialty items like

burrata (+22%) and mascarpone, especially

in markets such as Germany, Poland,

Romania, China, Saudi Arabia (+31%), the

UAE and Canada.

In response to international trade pressures,

particularly the impact of U.S. tariffs, Italian

producers have been strategic, pivoting sales

towards Asia and the Middle East.


Climate and sustainability:

The urgent need for innovation

While premium production thrives, the Italian

sector faces crucial challenges concerning

efficiency and climate adaptation, which

are key risks globally alongside supply chain

fragility and sustainability.

Climate change poses serious threats to

high-added-value DOP production due to

strict protocols.

The primary threats include:

1. Animal stress: Increased average

temperatures lead to stressed conditions

for cows (like the Friesian breed, which

originated in cooler climates), potentially

causing a drop in milk production volume

and quality (milk composition).

2. Fodder availability: Extreme weather

events, such as drought or heavy rain,

negatively affect the availability of fodder

cultivated in specific production areas,

which is often required by DOP regulations,

e.g., for Parmigiano Reggiano.

Innovation is deemed essential for the survival

of dairy farming in Italy. Many farmers are

willing to invest in green initiatives to tackle

high energy bills and water shortage. The

shift to precision livestock farming (PLF),

or ‘Livestock 4.0’, involves using artificial

intelligence, sensors, and remote control for

detailed monitoring. This technology aims to

improve animal health, enhance production

efficiency and boost sustainability and

circularity. In support of this modernisation,

Intesa Sanpaolo earmarked €1,5 billion (Oct

2025) for supply chain innovation, traceability

and energy efficiency.

Consumer preferences

and future outlook

Italian consumer habits are changing; while

liquid milk consumption has decreased

significantly, Italians remain major cheese

consumers, consuming approximately 23

kilograms per year per person.

Global consumer trends are shifting

towards private-label, organic and plantbased

alternatives. Although organic products

represent a small share of the total agri-food

market, dairy products in this segment gained

a +10,6% market share. This sustained demand

is driving the price for organic milk upwards

in Northern Italy. Additionally, product

innovation focuses on high-value additions,

such as frozen desserts, probiotics and

health-led formulations.

The Italian experience underscores that

the future of dairy, particularly in challenging

environments affected by climate change,

lies in resilience and high-quality, highvalue

output.

For farmers, the key takeaway is the power

of collective organisation. Structures like the

consortia and cooperatives are decisive for

success and promotion, playing a crucial role

in regulating the value chain and ensuring

higher prices for specialised production.

For consumers, the shift towards certified

origins (DOP) and sustainable practices

(BIO) confirms a global trend where ethical

production and traceability are increasingly

vital purchasing factors.

By focusing investment on ‘Livestock 4.0’

technologies to mitigate climate stress and

improve efficiency, Italian dairy producers

are aiming to maintain their competitive

edge in a world demanding both quality and

sustainability.


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Italy versus the world:

Interesting stats to note

» Parmigiano Reggiano alone accounts for

20% of Italy’s cheese export value.

» Lombardy’s dairy farms average 70 cows

per herd, compared to SA’s average of

300+ cows per herd – showing different

scale dynamics.

» Italy ranks 4th globally by dairy value and

contributes 9,4% of EU milk production.

» They produce 13 million tonnes of milk

annually from 22 600 farms.

» 84% of milk comes from northern regions;

Lombardy alone accounts for 45%.

» Over 600 cooperatives involve 17 000

farms and 540 processing plants,

collecting 65% of all milk.

» Italy produces 2 500 cheese

varieties, with 300+ protected origin

labels (DOP/IGP).

» Italians consume 23 kg of cheese per

person annually.

» Organic dairy grew +10,6% market share,

driving higher milk prices.

» Italian farmers invest in Livestock 4.0: AI,

sensors and precision feeding.

» Intesa Sanpaolo allocated €1,5 billion

for supply chain innovation and

energy efficiency.

» Innovation focuses on probiotics, frozen

desserts and health-led formulations.

Italy’s dairy sector is a masterclass in

balancing heritage with progress. From

strict DOP and IGP standards to cuttingedge

Livestock 4.0 technologies, every step

reflects a philosophy where ‘la qualità prima

di tutto’ – quality above all – guides decisions.

Farmers know that tradition and innovation go

hand in hand, ensuring sustainability without

sacrificing authenticity. And behind this

success lies a powerful truth: the secret lies

in cooperation. With over 600 cooperatives

driving collective strength, Italy proves that

‘chi punta alla qualità, vince’ – those who aim

for quality, win. It’s a model worth learning

from, and one that continues to inspire the

global dairy industry.

Note: This article draws on data presented at an

industry meeting held in Abano Terme, Italy, in

February 2025.


HONOURING SOUTH

AFRICA’S AGRI ELITE:

National Farmer of the

Year Awards 2025

From multi-generational dairy farms to bold new entrants

and visionary agriculturalists, the AWSA Awards in Worcester

celebrated resilience, innovation and leadership shaping the

future of South African agriculture.

South Africa’s agricultural excellence

took centre stage as Agricultural Writers

SA (AWSA) hosted its prestigious

National Farmer of the Year Awards at

Bergland, outside Worcester. The event

brought together more than 120 farmers,

agribusiness leaders, researchers and

communicators to celebrate the innovators

and visionaries shaping the country’s food

and farming future.

‘As an industry, we face some of the most

complex challenges of our time – from rising

production costs and climate uncertainty

to misinformation and shrinking media

platforms,” said Lindi Botha, AWSA national

chairperson. ‘Yet every day, South African

farmers and communicators prove that

resilience is not just a word, but a way of life.

These awards recognise the people who keep

agriculture moving forward, whether through

innovation in the field or the powerful stories

that give our sector a voice.’

Event organiser Marike Brits, chairperson

of AWSA’s !Xhariep region, said Worcester

was the perfect setting for this year’s

celebration. ‘The Breede River Valley is one

of South Africa’s most productive and diverse

agricultural regions. Hosting the nation’s

agri elite here, with the majestic Worcester

mountains as backdrop, is a privilege.’


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Minister commends

agricultural leadership

Minister of Agriculture John Steenhuisen

congratulated the winners, praising their

leadership and innovation. ‘Agriculture

remains one of the cornerstones of our

economy. The growth in yields, the strength

of our harvests and the ingenuity of our

producers are securing South Africa’s

economic future,’ he said. ‘You have risen to

the very top, the pinnacle of agriculture in

South Africa. Thank you for inspiring others

and sharing your knowledge so that the entire

sector can grow together.’

2025 Award Winners

Farmer of the Year 2025: Jan Grey

The coveted title went to Jan Grey of Janvos

Estate, Brakfontein, Mpumalanga. A fourthgeneration

dairy farmer, Grey manages a

diversified enterprise including a 650-cow

dairy, Boran cattle stud, apple orchards and

crop production across 3 200 hectares.

Janvos Estate operates as a fully integrated

business, with divisions run as independent

cost and income centres, ensuring precision

management and sustainable growth.

Grey also plays an active role in organised

agriculture and community development,

serving as a director of a joint initiative

between Agri Mpumalanga and TLU SA.

New entrant to commercial

agriculture 2025: Nkosana Mtimkulu

This award was posthumously presented to

Nkosana Mtimkulu of Amanhle Farm, Ngaka

Modiri Molema, North West, who passed

away unexpectedly late November at age 42.

After leaving a successful corporate career

in 2010, Mtimkulu built a vertically integrated

agribusiness that overcame immense

challenges, including near closure during the

Covid-19 pandemic, before pivoting to grain

production in 2022. Today, Amanhle Farm

spans 533 hectares, producing non-GMO

popcorn maize, wheat and small white beans

through partnerships with Tiger Brands and

PepsiCo’s Kgodiso Development Fund. His

legacy as a farmer and mentor will continue to

inspire a new generation of producers.

Agriculturalist of the Year 2025:

Dr Hendrik Smith

Renowned agronomist and soil scientist Dr

Hendrik Smith received the Agriculturalist

of the Year award. With over 31 years

of experience, Dr Smith is a leader in

regenerative conservation agriculture,

restoring soil health and improving resource

efficiency nationwide. He currently directs the

Conservation Agriculture Farmer Innovation

Programme (CA FIP) at ASSET Research,

building partnerships and empowering both

commercial and smallholder farmers.


Celebrating excellence in

agricultural journalism

The FNB Communicator Awards honoured

top voices in Agri media:

» Temba Msiza – Youth

Communicator Award

» Glenneis Kriel – Business

Category Winner

» Magda du Toit – Excellence in Print Media

» Thabi Modutoane – Broadcast

Media Award

Additional honours included Corné Louw

for outstanding support to crop protection

(CropLife SA Awards), Lindi Botha for

achievement in mechanisation and

technology reporting (Case IH Awards),

and global recognition for Botha’s article

‘You are what your food ate: The health

connection in the soil’ at the IFAJ World

Congress in Nairobi.

A celebration of resilience

and innovation

The 2025 awards highlighted not only South

Africa’s top-performing farms but also the

vision, grit and innovation driving the sector

forward. From multi-generational family farms

to bold new entrants, these awards celebrate

the resilience and commitment that define

modern South African agriculture.

Source: Agricultural Writers SA

Photos: Agbiz (Agricultural Business Chamber)

& Agricultural Writers SA FB Pages


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

FT-NIR SPECTROSCOPY

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Introducing the MOVE-T Liquid Dairy Analyzer

The new MOVE-T analyzer extends the benefits of FT-NIR

spectroscopy to a wide range of dairy needs, from raw milk to

liquid finished products, intermediates, and premixes.

w FT-NIR Technology: Highest precision and reliability with every measurement.

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w 2-in-1 Sample Handling: Facilitates efficient sample processing.

w Highest Standards: ISO 21543 compliant for reliable results every time.

Discover the MOVE-T: Our Compact Solution for Liquid Dairy Analysis

More information: www.bruker.com/MOVE or info.za@bruker.com

Innovation with Integrity


DAIRY ECONOMIC INDICATORS

MONITORING

DAIRY RETAIL PRICES

by Jade Smith, MPO economist

MPO Economic Desk:

Guided by science, rooted in knowledge

The MPO has compiled the following figures to illustrate average retail prices

for dairy products from 2023 to 2025, with December 2025 presented as an

estimated value. Overall, Cheddar cheese prices show an upward trend when

comparing 2025 to 2024, except for Lancewood Cheddar, which recorded a

2,3% decrease over this period.

(Source: BMI as supplied by Agri Inspec).


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Figure 1 Clover 2 L fresh full cream milk prices

R41,00

R40,00

R39,00

R38,00

R37,00

R36,00

R35,00

R34,00

R33,00

R32,00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec*

2023 R37,23 R34,91 R35,85 R34,80 R35,92 R37,53 R36,92 R36,45 R35,95 R35,18 R36,12 R36,13

2024 R36,57 R36,35 R38,26 R36,69 R38,17 R39,14 R37,77 R38,57 R37,53 R36,08 R36,37 R36,59

2025 R35,99 R36,67 R36,19 R35,05 R35,17 R36,24 R36,50 R36,44 R36,33 R35,57 R35,93 R35,89

*Estimated price for December 2025.

Ј In 2024, the average price of a 2 L Clover milk was approximately R1,55 higher than Douglasdale

and the Department’s Own Brand (DOB). However, in 2025 this gap narrowed, with Clover’s

price aligning more closely with Douglasdale.

Ј Similar pricing patterns were observed between 2023 and 2025, with the exception of two

months February and June – where larger deviations occurred.

Ј In June 2024, Clover recorded its highest price to date at R39,14, making it the most expensive

brand during that month.

Ј Overall, prices appear to have stabilised, returning to a range comparable to that seen in 2023.

Figure 2 Douglasdale 2 L fresh full cream milk prices

R40,00

R39,00

R38,00

R37,00

R36,00

R35,00

R34,00

R33,00

R32,00

R31,00

R30,00


2023 R31,82 R32,90 R34,08 R33,59 R34,74 R36,59 R33,10 R32,99 R35,99 R35,19 R35,09 R34,74

2024 R35,29 R36,09 R35,69 R34,70 R34,79 R35,62 R35,49 R36,37 R36,28 R36,74 R34,49 R36,99

2025 R35,37 R34,99 R35,99 R35,32 R36,32 R36,74 R37,10 R34,87 R35,66 R36,43 R36,99 R36,99


Ј Although Douglasdale’s 2 L milk prices in 2025 were comparable to Clover, the opposite trend

was observed relative to 2023, as prices remained elevated throughout the year.

Ј The most significant price movement occurred in July 2025, with prices rising by 12%

compared to 2023 and 5% compared to 2024.

Ј Since August 2025, prices increased gradually each month, resulting in a total rise of 6%.

Ј Overall, no consistent price trend emerged across the three-year period.


Figure 3 Department’s Own Brand 2 L fresh full cream milk prices

R38,00

R37,00

R36,00

R35,00

R34,00

R33,00

R32,00

R31,00


2023 R32,09 R33,74 R34,49 R34,37 R35,53 R34,46 R35,89 R35,95 R35,95 R36,22 R34,89 R35,07

2024 R35,06 R35,26 R34,86 R36,67 R37,34 R36,68 R36,63 R35,16 R36,34 R35,85 R34,96 R34,99

2025 R35,38 R35,09 R33,87 R34,73 R34,68 R34,93 R34,71 R35,89 R35,11 R35,33 R34,99 R35,15


Ј In 2025, the price of a 2 L DOB milk consistently remained below R36,00.

Ј From April to July 2024, DOB prices stayed above R36,00 for the longest continuous period

across the three years.

Ј The largest price fluctuation between the cheapest and most expensive month occurred in

2023 at R4,13, followed by R2,48 in 2024 and R2,02 in 2025.

DOB consistently remains the most affordable option compared to Clover and Douglasdale.

Figure 4 Clover 1 L ultra heat temperature (UHT) milk prices

R22,00

R21,00

R20,00

R19,00

R18,00

R17,00


2023 R18,83 R19,05 R19,25 R19,58 R20,81 R20,91 R21,05 R21,10 R20,93 R20,37 R20,60 R20,45

2024 R20,38 R20,37 R21,07 R19,57 R21,15 R21,30 R21,41 R21,29 R21,13 R20,85 R20,61 R21,49

2025 R20,86 R20,66 R20,48 R20,40 R20,52 R20,76 R20,85 R20,82 R20,91 R20,71 R19,49 R19,49


Ј In 2025, prices stayed below R21,00 and also reached the lowest prices for a 1 L Clover UHT

milk in November and December since March 2023.

Ј From May to September, price movements followed a similar pattern, while the remaining

months showed greater fluctuations.

Ј Compared with Parmalat and Crystal Valley, Clover’s annual average price exhibited the

least volatility.

Ј A 6% price decrease occurred from October to November 2025, bringing the price to

below R20,00.


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Figure 5 Parmalat 1 L UHT milk prices

R24,00

R23,00

R22,00

R21,00

R20,00

R19,00

R18,00

R17,00


2023 R18,89 R19,72 R19,82 R20,29 R20,18 R20,75 R20,41 R20,96 R21,18 R21,42 R21,25 R21,28

2024 R21,16 R21,72 R22,23 R22,40 R22,44 R22,62 R22,93 R22,69 R22,02 R21,96 R21,96 R22,19

2025 R21,88 R21,88 R21,16 R21,39 R21,44 R21,50 R21,61 R21,63 R21,77 R21,79 R21,39 R21,39


Ј The price of R21,88 in January and February 2025 marked the only two months in which prices

were higher; for the remaining ten months, prices were below the levels recorded in 2024.

Ј On average, Parmalat was 5% more expensive than Clover and 20% more expensive than

Crystal Valley.

Ј Throughout 2025, prices remained below R22,00.

Ј Similar to Clover and Crystal Valley, the largest price fluctuation occurred in January. In 2025,

the January price was 16% higher than in 2023 and 3% higher than in 2024.

Figure 6 Crystal Valley 1 L UHT milk prices

R20,00

R19,00

R18,00

R17,00

R16,00

R15,00

R14,00


2023 R16,32 R16,35 R16,85 R16,58 R16,49 R16,98 R17,05 R17,21 R17,14 R17,06 R17,18 R17,04

2024 R16,97 R17,11 R17,48 R17,40 R17,33 R18,18 R18,33 R18,55 R18,80 R18,59 R18,41 R18,59

2025 R18,17 R18,33 R18,15 R17,83 R17,77 R17,78 R17,55 R17,73 R17,84 R17,99 R18,06 R18,10


Ј During the first five months of 2025, prices remained above both 2023 and 2024 levels;

thereafter, prices fell below those recorded in 2024.

Ј On average, Crystal Valley showed the smallest annual price decrease – only 0,2% when

comparing 2025 to 2024.

Ј Overall, Crystal Valley remained the cheapest brand compared with Clover and Parmalat, with

prices consistently staying below R19,00.

Overall, all three brands – Clover, Parmalat and Crystal Valley – were cheaper in 2025

compared with 2024.


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Figure 7 Lancewood Cheddar cheese price/kg

R180,00

R170,00

R160,00

R150,00

R140,00

R130,00

R120,00

R110,00

R100,00


2023 R137,95 R150,76 R151,99 R154,99 R150,98 R144,15 R149,72 R156,66 R153,20 R150,90 R155,99 R159,55

2024 R154,99 R153,99 R152,32 R169,37 R168,80 R160,60 R163,70 R154,90 R155,40 R138,78 R164,44 R164,99

2025 R167,41 R165,81 R162,66 R155,37 R152,11 R159,68 R157,99 R159,99 R150,60 R144,32 R141,34 R136,45


Ј Lancewood Cheddar was the only brand to record a price decrease from 2024 to 2025, with a

reduction of 2,3%

Ј Across the three-year period, only August and September displayed similar price levels.

Ј November 2025 saw a significant price drop of 9% and 14% compared with the same month in

2023 and 2024, marking the lowest price since January 2023.

Figure 8 Parmalat Cheddar cheese price/kg

R170,00

R160,00

R150,00

R140,00

R130,00

R120,00

R110,00

R100,00


2023 R135,31 R143,08 R141,12 R148,05 R145,64 R152,60 R150,77 R153,77 R152,51 R151,92 R151,08 R153,42

2024 R153,10 R154,98 R155,98 R154,68 R161,27 R156,68 R161,60 R157,51 R162,46 R161,50 R160,46 R156,63

2025 R163,83 R162,94 R165,53 R164,02 R168,80 R162,49 R162,54 R164,85 R161,66 R164,77 R156,20 R155,99


Ј Once again, January showed the largest price fluctuation. In January 2025, the price of

Parmalat Cheddar increased by 21% and 7% compared with the same month in 2023 and 2024,

respectively.

Ј For the first ten months of 2025, prices remained above R160,00. From October to November,

prices declined by 5%.

Ј Overall, Parmalat Cheddar remained the most expensive cheese to purchase.

Overall, pricing patterns varied widely across brands, with no consistent trends emerging,

highlighting significant differences in price movements and volatility per kilogram of

Cheddar cheese.


BEDRYF • INDUSTRY

Figure 9 Elite Cheddar cheese price/kg

R180,00

R170,00

R160,00

R150,00

R140,00

R130,00

R120,00

R110,00

R100,00


2023 R133,91 R131,42 R127,42 R125,77 R127,16 R139,13 R133,84 R138,30 R136,24 R140,13 R136,66 R136,66

2024 R144,28 R149,16 R142,13 R151,65 R138,32 R138,99 R139,99 R156,66 R139,99 R149,99 R148,32 R148,99

2025 R149,99 R159,99 R156,66 R159,99 R159,99 R159,99 R159,99 R162,49 R139,99 R154,99 R154,99 R154,99


Ј On average, Elite Cheddar showed the largest price increase between 2024 and 2025,

rising by 7%.

Ј From August to September 2025, the price per kilogram dropped significantly – with a price

movement of R22,50.

Ј Throughout 2025, prices remained elevated, with September being the only month to match

the 2024 price of R139,99.

Figure 10 Clover Cheddar cheese price/kg

R170,00

R160,00

R150,00

R140,00

R130,00

R120,00

R110,00

R100,00


2023 R125,57 R128,96 R121,14 R123,05 R130,05 R134,41 R133,49 R135,16 R135,92 R137,88 R135,76 R135,90

2024 R136,99 R137,29 R142,14 R147,55 R141,32 R135,66 R136,99 R144,28 R137,62 R146,89 R149,08 R161,28

2025 R146,29 R150,24 R143,49 R144,27 R137,49 R151,66 R161,37 R152,90 R155,76 R153,49 R153,63 R150,99


Ј On average, Clover Cheddar was the most affordable brand, while Parmalat was the most

expensive, with a price difference of R12,67 per kilogram.

Ј In July 2025, the highest price to date was recorded at R161,37/kg, representing increases of

21% and 18% compared with the same month in 2023 and 2024, respectively.

Ј No clear trend was followed over the three-year period and prices have shifted upwards with

more than R30,00.

For more information on retail prices, contact JADE SMITH, economist at the MPO at jade@mpo.co.za


DAIRY

DIGITS

DECEMBER 2025

Dairy digits is a Milk SA feature. It is also

available on the Milk SA website: milksa.co.za.

Table 1 Key market indicators

Item Period Value

% change

(same period

previous year)

Unprocessed milk purchased (’000 tonnes) 2023 1 3 339 −0,3%

Unprocessed milk purchased (’000 tonnes) 2024 1 3 458 +3,56%

Unprocessed milk purchased (’000 tonnes) estimate Oct 25 1 358 +1,55%

Unprocessed milk purchased (’000 tonnes) estimate Jan–Oct 25 1 2 831 +1,10%

Dairy imports (’000 tonnes) 2024 2 33,9 −30,1%

Dairy imports (’000 tonnes) Jan–Sep 25 2 23,1 −12,8%

Dairy exports (’000 tonnes) 2024 2 53,5 −4,63%

Dairy exports (’000 tonnes) Jan–Sep 25 2 49,5 +31,3%

Dairy exports inclusive of sales to other SACU countries (’000 tonnes) 5 Jan–Sep 25 2 150 +11,4%

Producer price index of unprocessed milk (base Dec 23 = 100) 3 Oct 25 3 97,9 −0,2%

Producer price index of dairy products (base Dec 23 = 100) 3 Oct 25 3 104,6 +1,2%

Farm requisite price index (base 2015 = 100) 4 Jan 25 4 143,1 −2,9%

Source:

1

Milk SA returns

2

SARS statistics supplied by SAMPRO

3

Stats SA PPI index

4

Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural

Development (DALRRD) price index of farm requisites

5

SARS statistics supplied by Agri Inspec

Figure 1 International dairy product prices (free on board), Jan 2014–Nov 2025

Rand per t

170 000

150 000

130 000

110 000

90 000

70 000

50 000

30 000

10 000

Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Jan-21 Jan-22 Jan-23 Jan-24 Jan-25

Source:

USDA price surveys,

exchange rate South

African Reserve Bank

middle rates, last

month – average of

daily closing values.

Butter

SMP

Cheddar

FMP

Acronyms and abbreviations: Milk South Africa (Milk SA) • Milk Producers’ Organisation (MPO) • South African Milk Processors’

Organisation (SAMPRO) • Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) • South African Revenue Service (SARS) • United States Department of

Agriculture (USDA) • producer price index (PPI) • consumer price index (CPI) • Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural

Development (DALRRD) • full-cream milk powder (FMP) • skimmed milk powder (SMP) • ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed


Figure 2 Monthly unprocessed milk purchase trends, Jan 2021–Oct 2025

'000 t

360

340

320

300

280

260

240

Source:

Milk SA statistics.

Note: Each year's

figures are assessed,

reviewed and

finalised by 31 March

of the ensuing year.

2025*

2025

2022

2023

2024

220

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

* Last two months

preliminary: sample survey

Figure 3 Monthly cumulative net imports, milk equivalent, Jan 2021–Sep 2025

200

150

Source:

MPO calculation

from SARS data

supplied by

SAMPRO.

1000 t milk equivalent

100

50

0

-50

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2025

2021

2022

-100

2023

2024

-150

Figure 4 PPI indices of unprocessed milk and dairy products and the CPI of milk,

cheese and eggs, Jan 2014–Oct 2025

230

210

Source:

Stats SA PPI and

CPI information,

statssa.gov.za.

Unprocessed milk

PPI

Index (2012 = 100)

190

170

150

130

110

90

Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Jan-21 Jan-22 Jan-23 Jan-24 Jan-25

Milk, other dairy

Dairy products & eggs, PPI

(full cream CPI fresh milk,

full cream UHT milk,

Cheddar cheese, yoghurt

and ice cream)

Unprocessed

Dairy products PPI

milk PPI (full cream fresh

milk, full cream

Milk, UHT cheese milk, cheddar

and cheese, eggs CPI yoghurt &

ice cream

This publication is compiled from sources that are deemed reliable. However, Milk SA and the contributors

to the publication accept no responsibility for the accuracy of the information. The information is, furthermore,

intended to provide market signals only and Milk SA indemnifies itself against any actions based on this information.


ALGEHELE

MELKHIGIËNE

Ons verskaf skoonmaak-in-plek stelsels, deeglike

skoonmaak - middels, ontsmettingsmiddels

en spesialis oplossings vir:

• Massatenks • Melkmasjiene

• Vervaardigingsaanlegte

011 708 0209

info@bransonchemicals.co.za

www.bransonchemicals.co.za


KORTLIKS | BRIEFLY

TULBAGH SKOU 2025:

Die hartklop van tradisie en

GEMEENSKAPSGEES

Die Tulbagh Skou het vanaf

4 – 6 Desember 2025 by die bekende

skouterrein in Van der Stelstraat

plaasgevind, ’n jaarlikse hoogtepunt op

die landboukalender. Die skou het ’n

veelsydige program aangebied, met landbouekspo’s,

pluimvee- en perdekompetisies,

’n pragtige blomtentoonstelling en

selfs ’n polisieuitstalling wat groot

belangstelling gelok het.

Pluimveetelers, kleinhandelstalletjies,

blomkunstenaars en plaaslike ondernemings

het hul produkte en kundigheid ten toon

gestel, wat ’n gesellige markatmosfeer geskep

het. Besoekers kon boerderyprodukte,

handgemaakte items en plaaslike lekkernye

geniet aan die voet van die Tulbaghberge.

Met sy ryk geskiedenis, propvol program

en uiteenlopende aktiwiteite bevestig die

Tulbagh Skou dat dit steeds ’n landmerk

op die skoukalender én in die hart van

die gemeenskap is - ’n plek waar tradisie

en samehorigheid nie net oorleef nie,

maar floreer.

Foto’s: Tulbagh Skou Facebook Blad

& Harold Hill Photography

Read all about the MPO’s activities in each issue of The Dairymail.


STRATEGIESE

VOEDING vir ’n

winsgewende 2026:

Wêreldwye tendense en lesse

van plaaslike kampioene

Suid-Afrikaanse suiwelboere

bewys dat strategiese

voerbestuur, gekombineer met

toonaangewende internasionale

praktyke, koste kan sny sonder

om melkproduksie in te boet.



Met die einde van 2025 in sig, staar

Suid-Afrikaanse suiwelboere ’n

bekende uitdaging in die gesig:

hoe om voerkoste te bestuur sonder om

kuddeprestasie te benadeel. Voer bly die

grootste uitgawe op meeste plase en maak

dikwels 50 – 60% van totale produksiekoste

uit. Met onbestendige pryse plaaslik en

internasionaal, is strategiese beplanning

noodsaaklik vir winsgewendheid in 2026.

Die nuutste Suiwel Maatstafverslag

(Julie 2024 – Junie 2025) toon dat Suid-Afrika

se mees veerkragtige plase ’n gemeenskaplike

benadering volg. Eerstens pas hulle slim

voerstrategieë toe deur ’n gebalanseerde

ruvoer en konsentrate balans te handhaaf

om rumengesondheid en melkproduksie te

optimaliseer. Tweedens fokus hulle op streng

kostebeheer deur voeromsetverhoudings

noukeurig te monitor en vermorsing te

verminder deur beter hantering en berging.

Derdens is vroeë tegnologie-aanvaarding

’n sleutelfaktor: presisievoerstelsels en

datagedrewe voedingsplanne help boere

om rantsoene fyn te beplan en onnodige

koste te vermy. Hierdie praktyke weerspieël

wêreldtendense en posisioneer Suid-

Afrikaanse produsente om mededingend

te bly in ’n mark waar doeltreffendheid die

maatstaf is.

Suid-Afrikaanse suksessstories

JK Basson Familie Trust – Swartland

Basson, wat in November by die LNR se

nasionale meestersuiwelboertoekennings

bekroon is as die kommersiële

meestersuiwelboer van die jaar, het met

’n kudde van 1 100 koeie op JK Basson

Familie Trust in Darling kostebeheer tot ’n

kuns verfyn. Hy doen grootmaataankope

van voer en formuleer sy eie rantsoene om

afhanklikheid van duur voorafgemengde

TMR (volledig gemengde rantsoen) te

verminder. Verder word stabiele voervoorraad

verseker deur plaaslike siloproduksie van

hawer, korog (triticale) en gars. Tegnologie

speel ook ’n sleutelrol: CowManageroormerk

sensors monitor voeding en

gesondheid, wat hul in staat stel om vinnig op

kuddebehoeftes te reageer.

Die resultate is indrukwekkend: Basson

behaal 42 – 44 liter melk per koei per dag

terwyl hy voer- en energiekoste beperk – ’n

bewys dat noukeurigheid en beplanning

vrugte afwerp. Wat Basson verder onderskei,

is sy verbintenis tot voortdurende leer.

Hy en ’n groep melkboere van die Wes-

Kaap poog om elke twee jaar lande soos

Amerika en Europese streke te besoek om

op hoogte te bly van die nuutste tendense

en innovasie in die suiwelbedryf. Hierdie

internasionale blootstelling stel hulle in staat

om wêreldklaspraktyke plaaslik toe te pas en

mededingend te bly.


Weiding-gebaseerde

winsgewendheid

Grasslands Agriculture, onder leiding van

Trevor Elliott, is ’n toonaangewende voorbeeld

van hoe strategiese weidingsbestuur

winsgewendheid en volhoubaarheid kan

verbeter. Resultate toon dat die verhoging van

die weidingaandeel in die dieet van melkkoeie

van 41% tot 57% ’n merkbare impak het: 26%

hoër opbrengs op kapitaal, 59% meer wins per

liter melk en ’n 7% verlaging in produksiekoste

per liter. Hierdie model, wat Grasslands

suksesvol toepas, kombineer intensiewe

weidingsbestuur met kostedoeltreffende

voerstrategieë.

Navorsing beklemtoon verder dat

verbeterde weidingspraktyke nie net

finansiële voordele bied nie, maar ook die

koolstofvoetspoor van suiwelplase verminder.

Grasslands se benadering illustreer hoe

volhoubare praktyke en innovasie hand aan

hand kan gaan om ’n mededingende voordeel

te skep in ’n uitdagende mark.

Wêreldwye perspektief:

Lesse om te volg

Internasionaal benut suiwelbedrywe

gevorderde presisievoeding en streng

ruvoerkontrole om merkwaardige besparings

te behaal. Hierdie praktyke sny dikwels

voerkoste met 30 – 40%, terwyl melkproduksie

behoue bly of selfs verbeter.

Sleutelstrategieë sluit in:

» Voerbedekking om prys en risiko te bestuur.

» Alternatiewe voer soos brouersgraan,

oliesaadkoeke en ander neweprodukte.

» KI-gedrewe presisievoeding om rantsoene

aan te pas en stikstofvermorsing

te verminder.

Hierdie metodes is nie uitsluitlik vir

grootskaalse bedrywighede nie; dit kan maklik

aangepas word vir Suid-Afrikaanse toestande,

veral waar mieliesilo en weidingsisteme ’n

kernrol speel.

Silokwaliteit maak saak

’n Onlangse opname by 45 mieliesilos toon

dat behoorlike vogbeheer en korrekte

berging ’n beduidende verskil maak in die

beperking van verliese. Die studie het bevind

dat boonste laagverliese gemiddeld 14,5%

beloop – ’n duidelike teken dat detailbestuur

van silos nie net ’n tegniese vereiste is

nie, maar ’n strategiese stap om voerkoste

te verlaag en voedingswaarde te behou.

Elke persentasieverlies wat vermy word,

dra direk by tot beter melkproduksie en

hoër winsmarges.



Top wenke vir

voerbesparing in 2026

» Doen ’n voerdoeltreffendheidsoudit – meet

voeromsetting en identifiseer vermorsing.

» Belê in ruvoergehalte – beter silobestuur

lewer langtermynvoordele.

» Verken alternatiewe voer – werk saam

met plaaslike verwerkers vir bekostigbare

neweprodukte.

» Faseer tegnologie

stapsgewys in – begin met

rantsoenbalanseringsagteware of sensors.

Stel 2026-voerdoelwitte nou.

Of dit nou is om silokwaliteit te

verbeter, weiding te verhoog of

presisievoedingstegnologie te gebruik

– elke stap tel vir volhoubaarheid en

winsgewendheid.


FEEDING FOR

FERTILITY:

How high-yield herds are

mastering reproductive success

By Dr. Hassan Ahmed

For decades, the dairy industry operated

under the assumption that high milk

production inevitably came at the

expense of fertility. However, new studies are

challenging this long-held belief, revealing

that high production and strong reproductive

outcomes can, and do, co-exist. In fact,

herds achieving milk yields over 10,000

kg frequently show superior reproductive

performance. The key to this success lies

not in compromising yield, but in integrated

management – a holistic approach centred

on critical transition nutrition, cow comfort,

and diligent monitoring.



The make-or-break window:

The transition period

The foundation for both successful lactation

and subsequent fertility is laid during the

transition period, the 90 days surrounding

calving. This window is pivotal, with nutritional

management setting the stage for the cow’s

entire metabolic and reproductive cycle.

The transition period is divided

into three crucial phases:

1. Far-Off (60 – 21 days pre-calving): The

focus here is on maintaining an optimal

body condition score (BCS), preparing

the rumen for dietary changes, and

ensuring high-quality forage.

2. Close-Up (21 – 0 days pre-calving):

This phase sees approximately 75% of

foetal growth. Critically, dry matter intake

(DMI) naturally drops by about 30% in

the final week before calving, making

diet adaptation essential to prepare the

rumen for lactation. A DMI target of $\

ge$12–14 kg DMI/day is recommended

for close-up cows.

3. Fresh (0 – 30 days post-calving): This

stage is defined by a high negative

energy balance (NEB) and the peak

risk for metabolic diseases. The primary

management objective here must be to

maximise DMI to support both recovery

and lactation. Fresh cows should

target $\ge$20–24 kg DMI/day by two

weeks postpartum.

To optimise intake during this challenging

time, ensure adequate bunk space, with each

cow receiving at least 30 inches (± 76 cm) to

allow for simultaneous feeding and minimise

competition.

Body condition score:

The critical KPI for fertility

The most reliable visual indicator of a cow’s

energy reserves and metabolic status is her

body condition score (BCS). Maintaining

stability, particularly around calving, is nonnegotiable

for reproductive success.

Dairy managers should aim for an optimal

BCS between 3,0 and 3,25 at calving. Scores

exceeding 3,5 can actually be detrimental,

increasing the cow’s susceptibility to

metabolic disorders and potentially

reducing DMI.

The impact of BCS loss postcalving

is severe:

» A loss of just 0,5 BCS units can result in a

significant 10% drop in conception rates.

» Cows losing >0,5 BCS units in the

first 30 days postpartum (DIM) can

experience significantly delayed

resumption of cyclicity. This metabolic

state, known as negative energy

balance (NEB), suppresses the

hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis by

reducing GnRH and LH secretion, which

impairs dominant follicle maturation and

delays ovulation.

» Management must, therefore, strive to

limit BCS loss to $\le$0,5 units during

early lactation.


Nutritional blueprint for

reproductive success

A targeted nutritional program supports

the cow’s transition and recovery, directly

enabling ovarian activity.

» Energy balance: Adequate energy intake

is paramount to minimise NEB and support

ovarian function. This involves raising

dietary energy density, potentially using

protected fats (1,60–1,65 Mcal NEL/kg DM).

» Protein quality: Provide sufficient

digestible protein and amino acids for

hormonal synthesis, tissue repair and milk

production. The protein must be balanced,

aiming for rumen undegradable protein

(RUP) to be $\ge$35–40% of crude protein

(CP). Care must be taken to avoid excess

degradable protein, which can elevate

blood urea nitrogen (BUN) above 20 mg/

dL, altering the uterine environment.

» Essential nutrients: Optimal levels of

macro and trace minerals such as copper,

zinc, selenium and phosphorus are vital for

fertility. Vitamins A, D, and E are crucial for

embryonic development, uterine health

and immune function, especially during

the breeding period (Vitamin E $\ge$1000

IU/d, Selenium 0,3 ppm).

» Reproductive additives: Targeted

supplementation can support key

metabolic functions. Rumen-protected

methionine enhances oocyte and

embryo quality, while Choline (15–60 g/d)

supports liver function and improves

NEFA metabolism.



Monitoring and troubleshooting

To ensure reproductive targets are met, a

continuous cycle of monitoring, analysis and

adjustment is essential.

Biomarker Timing Reproductive Impact Target Value

NEFA (Non-esterified

fatty acids)

BHBA (Betahydroxybutyrate)

Glucose

10 to 1 days

prepartum

5 – 14 days

postpartum

5 – 10 days

postpartum

High NEFA suppresses

ovarian function

Indicator of subclinical

ketosis

Energy status, supports

follicular health

Urea-N (BUN) Breeding period High urea alters uterine

environment

IGF-1 (Insulin-like

growth factor 1)

Postpartum

Low IGF-1 delays first

ovulation

< 0,3–0,6 mmol/L

< 1,2–1,4 mmol/L

> 45–50 mg/dL

10–16 mg/dL

>100 ng/mL

preferred

Troubleshooting common issues:

» Extended Anoestrus: This is often

linked to BCS loss exceeding 0,5 units or

NEFA levels > 0,6 mmol/L postpartum.

Nutritional support, including Niacin

and Rumen-protected choline, is key to

supporting metabolic transition.

» Poor conception: Reassess amino

acid adequacy (methionine, lysine)

and dietary energy balance. Check for

mycotoxins (Zearalenone, DON, T-2

toxin), as even low levels can impair

follicular development.

» Embryonic loss: This often relates

to inflammatory markers and high

NEFA/BHBA. Supplementing with

omega-3 fatty acids (linolenic acid)

can help support embryo retention by

suppressing PGF$_{2\alpha}$.

By focusing intensely on the transition

period, tightly managing BCS and employing

strategic, high-quality nutrition, dairy

farmers can successfully achieve the

winning combination of high production and

robust fertility.

For more information follow Dr Ahmed

on LinkedIn


Praktiese somergids vir

VLIEGBEHEER

op Suid‐Afrikaanse suiwelplase

In verlede maand se artikel het ons ondersoek ingestel

waarom vlieë ’n ernstige bedreiging vir veegesondheid en

plaaswinsgewendheid inhou asook hul rol in siekte-oordrag

en produksieverliese uitgelig. Hierdie maand beweeg ons

van teorie na praktyk met ’n praktiese gids vir boere. Hierdie

gids, spesifiek ontwerp vir somermaande, bied praktiese,

uitvoerbare stappe om vlieë op Suid‐Afrikaanse suiwelplase

doeltreffend te bestuur.



Somer in Suid-Afrika gaan gepaard

met warm temperature, hoë

humiditeit en reënval in baie streke

– ideale toestande vir vliegpopulasies

om buite beheer te raak. Vir suiwelboere

beteken dit verhoogde siekterisiko, stres

by beeste en verminderde melkproduksie.

Proaktiewe beheer gedurende Desember,

Januarie en Februarie is noodsaaklik vir

kuddegesondheid en winsgewendheid.

Hoekom somermaande

hoë risiko inhou

» Versnelde voortplanting:

Vlieë voltooi hul lewensiklus

in 7 – 10 dae in warm,

klam toestande.

» Mis en verspilde voer

fermenteer vinniger:

Dit lok huisvlieë en stalvlieë.

» Siekte-oordrag:

Vlieë versprei mastitisveroorsakende

bakterieë,

oogsiektes (pink eyes) en

ander patogene.

» Produksieverliese:

Stalvlieë alleen kan

melkproduksie met tot 1,5 kg

per koei per dag verminder.


Geïntegreerde vliegbeheer –

’n praktiese benadering:

1. Omgewingshigiëne

» Verwyder mis daagliks uit behuising en melkareas.

» Versprei mis in dun lae in lande sodat dit vinnig

kan droog word.

» Verwyder verspilde voer en verrottende hooi.

» Verwyder karkasse onmiddellik om

bromvlieë te voorkom.

2. Vogbeheer

» Herstel lekkende pype en drinkbakke.

» Verbeter dreinering rondom waterpunte en voerareas.

» Verwyder mishope en bedek misputte waar moontlik.

3. Biologiese & meganiese beheer

» Stel parasitiese wespespesies (bv. Muscidifuraxspesies)

bekend om vliegpapies te teiken.

» Gebruik vlieëvangers en kleefstroke in stalle en naby

voerberging.

» Installeer waaiers of luggordyne in melkareas – vlieë

vermy sterk lugvloei.

4. Chemiese Beheer

» Wissel insekdoder tipes om weerstand te voorkom.

» Dien spuitmiddels of ‘pour-ons’ slegs toe wanneer

vliegtellings ekonomiese drumpels oorskry.

» Gebruik larwedoders in mishope om die lewensiklus

te verbreek.

Monitering van vliegpopulasies

» Stalvlieë: Tel die aantal vlieë op die

voorpote van 15 koeie teen laatoggend.

Meer as drie per poot dui daarop dat

ingryping nodig is.

Stalvlieg

» Huisvlieë: Gebruik kleefstroke; meer as

100 vlieë per strook per week dui op hoë

vlakke van besmetting.

Huisvlieg



Somer vliegbeheerkontrolelys:

Taak

Verwyder mis uit melkareas & stalle

Versprei mis dun om vinnig te droog

Maak verspilde voer skoon

Herstel lekkasies & verbeter dreinering

Verwyder karkasse

Installeer/onderhou kleefstroke

Gebruik waaiers/luggordyne in stalle

Pas biologiese beheer toe

Wissel chemiese behandelings

Monitor vliegtellings

Dien IGR’s in voer/mineraalaanvullings toe

Frekwensie

Daagliks

Weekliks

Ná elke voeding

Soos nodig

Onmiddellik

Weekliks

Deurlopend

Maandeliks

Maandeliks

Weekliks

Begin Desember

Bronne:

Departement van Landbou, Suid-Afrika: Veegesondheidspraktyke

Journal of Dairy Science: Impak van stalvlieë op melkproduksie.

SLIM BEHEER VAN VLIEË

Onoortreflike gehalte en professionele diens - in Suid-Afrika geteel vir Suid Afrikaanse vlieë

BISA

BIED U:

• Vliegbeheer op die natuurlike manier.

• Langtermyn ekonomiese voordele.

• Minder chemiese besoedeling.

• ‘n Bemarkingsvoordeel deur

omgewingsvriendelike landbouproduksie.

HOE DIT

WERK:

Vliegparasiete (Muscidifurax raptor) word in ‘n insektarium

geteel en is beskikbaar in pakkies van 5 000. Hierdie parasitiese wespes

word gereeld by vliegbroeiplekke op die plaas losgelaat. Die volwasse

wesp steek die papie van die vlieg, dood dit in die proses en lê eiers in

die papie. Die eiers teer op die dooie vliegpapie en ontwikkel ‘n wespe.

Die wespe broei binne 19-21 dae uit en begin dan die soektog na

vliegpapies as voedsel en waarin hulle kan eiers lê.

BISA het agente landswyd.

Vir meer inligting, kontak:

Arno Moore (PhD)

Besturende direkteur

083 270 4866

arno@bioinsectsa.com

Helouise Rumbles

Kantoor

083 566 4784

bisa@bioinsectsa.com



Setting breeding goals

for dairy cattle selection

— THE DO’S

AND DON’TS

Dr Japie van der Westhuizen


Breeding is the engine of dairy farm profitability,

but only when the goals driving selection align

with the realities of local markets, costs and

production systems. In South Africa, we have

the data infrastructure (Logix/SA Stud Book)

and locally derived selection indices (SAINET,

the Logix Merit Index) to do this properly.

The trap many producers fall into is

copying overseas targets or chasing

a single trait (usually litres) without

accounting for the real prices and costs

that determine profit on our farms. Below is

an outline of measurable traits that must be

considered, how they should be weighted

in breeding objectives, and clear do’s and

don’ts for setting practical, South Africanrelevant

goals.


Which measurable traits must

be in your breeding objective?

» Production (milk volume

and composition)

Milk yield remains fundamental, but milk

composition (protein and butterfat yields

and percentages) can be equally or more

valuable depending on your processor’s

payment system. In South Africa, the

relative economic importance of volume

versus solids depends on local milk

payment schemes, so tailor emphasis to

the system you sell into. The key question

is: Are all milk producers exactly sure how

they are paid for the milk they produce?

» Udder health and mastitis indicators

Somatic cell count (SCC) or somatic cell

score (SCS) is the primary measurable

indicator of mastitis and udder health

and also serves as a penalty for milk

payment by buyers. SCS is routinely used

in SA genetic evaluations and must be

part of any objective because mastitis

has substantial direct and indirect costs

(treatment, discarded milk) and knock-on

effects on fertility and culling risk. South

African studies show mastitis can cost well

over a thousand rand per affected cow

per year on average, so SCS carries real

economic weight.

» Longevity and productive herd life

Functional herd life or productive life has a

very high economic value because longerliving

cows mean lower replacement costs

and a stable herd performance. Local

evaluations estimate and include functional

longevity in indices. It is not wise to ignore

these genetic values.

» Fertility and calving traits

Calving interval, days to first service,

conception rate and calving ease

(dystocia) are critical. Fertility problems

and difficult calvings increase vet bills,

reduce lifetime yield and raise culling risk.

The selection indices available to South

African dairy farmers translate these traits

into economic value.

» Type and functional traits (udder

and teat linear scores, feet &

legs, locomotion)

Linear type traits are measurable indicators

of udder attachment, teat shape/length

(affecting milking machine compatibility

and mastitis risk), and walking ability

(lameness risk). Good type scores

correlate with longevity and manageable

health bills. These are included in local

selection indices and should therefore

be part of your selection criteria or used

as indicator traits for harder-to-measure

health outcomes.

» Body size and efficiency traits

Mature weight or size must be considered

as an efficiency trait: larger cows

often produce more but require more

maintenance feed. In the South African

context, where grazing and input costs vary,

balancing production with smaller, more

feed-efficient animals can improve farm

profit. Economic weighting of liveweight or

body condition metrics must reflect your

feed price environment. The recent local

development of automated systems that

update cow weight and body condition

scores on Logix, to be included in genetic

merit predictions, holds big promise for

dairy farmers.



The do’s – how to build

breeding objectives that work

» Build objectives from local

economic values

Use profit models that plug in

your milk prices (and whether

you are paid for litres, solids, or

cheese yield), local treatment and

veterinary costs (mastitis, fertility

interventions), replacement costs

and feed prices. South African

research has specifically derived

economic values under local

payment systems – use those

as the baseline for your index

weighting. This is what local

selection indices, such as SAINET

and the Logix Merit Index, do.

» Use locally scaled gBLUP

breeding values and

selection indices

The outputs from Logix and

the indices for dairy cattle are

designed for South African

herds and already weight traits

according to South African

economics and production

systems. Rank animals using those

indices; they are your first filter.

» Include indicator traits

If a trait is costly but hard to

measure (mastitis, lameness),

include reliable indicators like

SCS for udder health and linear

locomotion scores for lameness in

the index. These proxies improve

accuracy without requiring

perfect recording of every

health event.

» Always compare foreign bulls

on the South African scale

Imported semen often comes

with overseas proofs (e.g., GTPI).

Convert or use international

evaluations adjusted to the South

African base (MACE or local

proofs derived by SA Stud Book)

to compare ‘apples to apples’. This

prevents overpaying for traits that

are less valuable locally. Make use

of the values freely available on

SADairyBulls.com


The don’ts – common

and costly mistakes

» Don’t use an overseas

index on its own

Indices from other countries

reflect different milk prices,

treatment costs and production

systems. A bull that looks great

on an American or European

index may not be optimal or

profitable in South Africa. Always

rescale or, better yet, use South

African proofs.

» Never chase a single trait (e.g.,

litres) to the exclusion of others

Selecting only for milk volume can

increase mastitis, fertility problems

and maintenance costs. Balanced

indices, like those available

locally, prevent undesirable

correlated responses.

» Keep possible genotype ×

environment

interactions in mind

Some high genetic merit animals

for intensive systems might do

poorly in low-input or pasturebased

systems. Use indices and

mating advice tailored to your

production environment.

» Never underestimate

data quality

Good selection requires accurate

recording of milk, SCC, calvings,

fertility and type scores. Invest in

recording and use Logix services

to ensure reliable EBVs. There

is no such thing as a free lunch

– using foreign genomic tests

to circumvent accurate local

recording goes against scientific

fact and carries an expensive

long-term penalty.



Practical checklist for

producers

1. Identify your milk payment system

and input costs (feed, vet, treatment,

replacement).

2. Use Logix indices to rank candidates; adjust

emphasis if your system differs materially.

3. Insist on SCS/SCC and reliable type scores

for herd purchases and sire selection.

4. Compare foreign proven sires using

South African-converted proofs, not

overseas indices.

5. Periodically recalculate economic weights

as milk prices and costs change.

Conclusion

Breeding decisions must be economically

grounded, locally scaled and balanced across

production, health and functional traits.

South Africa has the tools in locally derived

economic values to make that possible.

Use them, measure carefully and resist the

temptation to follow foreign fashions, singletrait

selection, or unscientific genomic

comparisons with overseas populations. When

breeding objectives are set to local prices and

costs, selection becomes a predictable path

to higher and more resilient profitability.


ARBEIDS-

KOLOM

deur Ferdi Hartzenberg

ONDER DIE

INVLOED OP

DIE PLAAS?

SÓ HANTEER

JY DIT.

Praktiese hulp om werkers

wat onder die invloed vir

diens aanmeld te hanteer.

Jaareinde en die feesseisoen gaan

dikwels gepaard met ’n toename

in werkers wat óf onder die invloed

van alkohol by die werk aanmeld, óf by

die werk drink.

In die suiwelbedryf, ’n hoërisiko-omgewing

met swaar masjinerie en lewende hawe, moet

hierdie ernstige bestuursprobleem, streng en

regverdig hanteer word.

Werksverrigting onder die invloed is

’n ernstige saak wat lewens, veiligheid,

kuddegesondheid en dierewelstand bedreig.

Dit kan lei tot ongelukke, beserings en

melkbesmetting, wat aansienlike finansiële

verlies veroorsaak.



Die geen-uitsondering

benadering

’n Nultoleransiebenadering is noodsaaklik.

Die werker verkeer onder die invloed

indien sy of haar:

» Fisiese en geestelike vermoëns

belemmer is;

» Hy of sy nie veilig of produktief kan

presteer nie;

» Die veiligheid van mense, vee of eiendom

in gevaar gestel word.

Dit is raadsaam om ’n duidelike, geskrewe

beleid oor die gebruik van alkohol en verbode

middels in diensvoorwaardes in te sluit.

Stap-vir-stap dissiplinêre proses

Sodra daar ’n vermoede van dronkenskap is,

moet flinke en regverdige aksie geneem word:

1. Toetsing en dokumentasie

» Alkohol blaastoets:

Bestuur mag ’n toets versoek indien dit

deel van die beleid is. Die werker mag

’n verteenwoordiger bring. Weiering om

getoets te word kan as skulderkenning

beskou word en tot dissiplinêre optrede lei.

» Sensoriese toetsing (waarneming):

Goeie dokumentering is deurslaggewend.

Indien ’n blaastoets nie moontlik

is nie, dokumenteer die volgende

waarnemings deeglik:

• Lompheid, wankelrige gang

• Onduidelike of slepende spraak

• Asem wat na alkohol ruik

• Rooi, geswelde oë

• Wispelturige of aggressiewe gedrag

» Getuies:

Kry ’n tweede of selfs derde getuie om hul

waarnemings neer te pen.

2. Identifisering van die probleem

» Verwydering:

Verwyder die werker onmiddellik uit die

werksomgewing om alle risiko’s uit te skakel.

» Kommunikasie:

Meld ’n besorgdheid oor sy/haar vermoë

om veilig te werk, sonder om te beskuldig.

» Bevel:

Beveel die werker om die perseel te verlaat

en die volgende dag nugter aan te meld.

Die werker verloor betaling vir daardie dag.

» Kennisgewing:

Reik onmiddellik die kennisgewing vir die

formele dissiplinêre verhoor uit, met die

aanklag, datum en tyd.


3. Formele verhoor en uitkoms

» Billikheid:

’n Billike verhoor moet gehou

word waar die werker skriftelike

kennisgewing ontvang en ’n kollega of

vakbondverteenwoordiger mag bring.

» Fokus:

Die fokus moet wees op die skending

van die veiligheidsbeleid en die plig om

nugter te wees.

» Sanksie:

Op ’n suiwelplaas word dronkenskap byna

altyd as ernstige wangedrag beskou en die

gepaste sanksie is dikwels onmiddellike

ontslag vir die eerste oortreding, veral as

veiligheid in gevaar gestel is.

» Versagting en bystand:

Versagting (bv. eerste oortreding) moet

oorweeg word. Indien daar bewyse

van alkoholafhanklikheid is, kan ’n

ongeskiktheidsverhoor gehou word om

rehabilitasie of berading te bespreek, mits

die werker instem tot reëls vir terug-werktoe

afsprake.

4. Die belangrikheid van

konsekwente aksie

» Bestuur se geloofwaardigheid en die plaas

se veiligheidskultuur berus op konsekwente

en regverdige toepassing van die beleid.

Dronkenskap by die melkery is ’n risiko wat

eenvoudig nie geduld kan word nie.

» Hantering van dieselfde probleem,

met onduidelike en nie konsekwente

straf maatreëls, skep ’n beeld van

onregverdigheid en lei tot moreelprobleme

op die plaas. Indien reëls duidelik,

konsekwent en regverdig toegepas word,

word ’n kultuur van veiligheid, respek en

professionaliteit geskep.

» Deur ferm en regverdige stappe te

neem, bevestig die plaasbestuur hul

verbintenis tot ’n veilige en produktiewe

werksomgewing vir almal.

» Dit is die bestuurder se plig om op te tree

ter wille van die mense, die diere en die

integriteit van die plaas.

Stuur ’n epos aan info@hartcorp.co.za om ’n

gratis alkohol- en dwelmtoets te kry.

Vir verdere inligting rakende hoe

om werkers wat onder die invloed

by die werksplek verkeer te hanteer,

kontak gerus vir Ferdi Hartzenberg

by HARTCORP HUMAN CAPITAL

SOLUTIONS op 082 771 4655.


NAVORSING EN OPLEIDING • RESEARCH AND TRAINING

CAN IN VITRO

EMBRYO

PRODUCTION

bridge the gap between research

and the dairy industry?

By Mahlatsana R. Ledwaba 1,2 , Hester A. O’Neill 2

and Masindi L. Mphaphathi 1 *

Over the past two decades, assisted

reproductive biotechnologies

such as in vitro embryo production

have transformed the landscape of cattle

breeding. Yet, the practical adoption of these

innovations by the dairy industry remains

limited. While research institutions continue

to refine oocyte maturation, fertilisation

and embryo culture systems, many dairy

producers remain unaware of their potential

benefits. This gap between research

outcomes and on-farm implementation

raises a critical question: can in vitro embryo

production become the bridge linking

scientific innovation to sustainable dairy

productivity?


What IN VITRO EMBRYO

PRODUCTION offers

In vitro embryo production allows for the

collection of immature oocytes from elite

live cows (using ovum pick-up) or from

abattoir-sourced ovaries. Collected oocytes

are then subjected to laboratory in vitro

maturation and fertilisation, followed by

embryo culture before transfer to recipient

females. This process bypasses many

reproductive limitations found in live animals,

enabling rapid genetic gain and higher

reproductive output.

For the dairy industry, this means the

possibility of producing more offspring from

high-yielding cows, preserving superior

genetics and shortening generation intervals.

Why IN VITRO EMBRYO

PRODUCTION matters to

the dairy industry

The dairy industry depends heavily on genetic

improvement and reproductive efficiency.

In vitro embryo production can make a

meaningful contribution in several ways:

» Accelerated genetic gain: elite dairy cows

can produce many more offspring through

in vitro embryo production as compared to

conventional reproduction, thus speeding

up genetic progress.

» Year-round breeding: oocytes can be

collected and embryos produced even

when cows are not naturally cycling.

» Preservation of valuable genetics: in vitro

embryo production allows embryos to be

stored or transported, helping preserve

rare or high-performing bloodlines.

» Improved training and research capacity:

abattoir-derived oocytes provide an

ethical and affordable resource for

training researchers, scientists and animal

science students.

For farmers, this means better access to

superior genetics, more productive cows

and potentially higher profitability – if the

technology can be made affordable and

practical. While in vitro embryo production

has shown great promise in research settings,

its uptake by the dairy industry is limited.

The main reason is that the systems used in

laboratories are often too complex, expensive

and technically demanding for on-farm use.



A South African perspective

Several factors contribute

to this gap:

» High infrastructure costs: In vitro embryo

production requires specialised laboratory

equipment, incubators and sterile

environments.

» Technical expertise: skilled embryologists

are needed to handle oocytes, sperm and

embryos carefully.

» Variable success rates: outcomes depend

on many biological factors – from oocyte

quality (source) to culture conditions –

which makes standardisation difficult.

» Limited awareness: some dairy producers

are still unfamiliar with how in vitro embryo

production could fit into their herd

management strategies.

As a result, while researchers focus on

improving fertilisation and culture media in

controlled settings, dairy farmers continue to

face practical challenges with fertility, heat

stress and herd genetics on the ground.

South Africa’s dairy industry is both modern

and diverse – from high-tech commercial

herds to smallholder systems. However,

fertility problems remain one of the biggest

constraints to profitability. Heat stress,

poor nutrition and inconsistent breeding

management often lead to long calving

intervals and low conception rates.

Integrating in vitro embryo production into

the South African dairy sector could provide

several benefits:

» Local production of embryos to reduce

reliance on costly imports.

» Conservation of indigenous breeds,

ensuring adaptability to climate change.

» Opportunities for postgraduate training

and innovation, strengthening local

expertise in reproductive biotechnology.

Institutions such as the Agricultural Research

Council (ARC) and several universities are

already developing capacity in this field of

Animal Science, Reproduction and Physiology.

The next step is to extend this knowledge to

farms where it can make the impact.


Conclusion

In vitro embryo production stands at the

crossroads of science and agriculture. It

holds the potential to revolutionise dairy

breeding, not through isolated research, but

through collaborative integration with the

industry. Bridging this gap requires dialogue,

demonstration and dedication – from

laboratories to dairy farms. When science and

practice converge, in vitro embryo production

can become more than a research tool; it

can become a driver of genetic progress and

sustainable dairy productivity.

Ledwaba Mahlatsana and

Mphaphathi Masindi are from the

Agricultural Research Council, Animal

Production, Germplasm Conservation

& Reproduction Biotechnologies

department, and Hester O’Neill from

the University of the Free State’s

Department of Animal, Wildlife and

Grassland Sciences.

*The corresponding author can be

contacted at masindim@arc.agric.za.

¹ Agricultural Research Council, Animal

Production, Germplasm Conservation &

Reproduction Biotechnologies

² Department of Animal, Wildlife and

Grassland Sciences, University of the

Free State



RESEARCH

COLUMN

by Heinz H. Meissner

PAIR

HOUSING:

A simple

shift with big

benefits for

dairy calves

New research shows that

housing calves in pairs boosts

feed intake, growth and activity

– especially in cooler seasons –

while supporting welfare

without compromising health

For decades, the standard practice in

dairy farming has been to house calves

individually during their first weeks of

life. While this approach simplifies feeding

and disease control, growing animal welfare

concerns are shifting attention toward preweaning

social housing systems.

Social housing allows calves to express

natural behaviours such as grooming and

play, reduces fear of new environments and

offers emotional benefits. Yet, despite these

advantages, adoption remains voluntary.

Farmers generally agree that social housing

improves calf behaviour, but opinions

are mixed regarding its impact on health

and performance.


Pair housing: A practical

alternative

Among social housing options, pair housing

stands out as the simplest and most practical.

It provides the benefits of social contact

while maintaining similar feeding routines to

individual housing, often requiring minimal

facility changes. Unlike group housing, which

can increase health risks such as respiratory

and gastrointestinal disease, pair housing

does not appear to compromise calf health.

Research also shows that pair housing can

boost performance: calves accept novel feeds

more readily, eat more frequently and achieve

greater total intake and growth, especially

during weaning. However, environmental

conditions matter. In cooler weather, calves

seek physical contact to reduce heat loss,

which can even raise hutch temperatures. In

hot conditions, social proximity may increase

heat load, potentially reducing feed intake

and growth benefits.

The Study: Individual vs pair

housing across seasons

A recent study by Bonney-King et al. (2025)

evaluated Holstein heifer calves housed

individually (IH) or in pairs (PH) from birth,

across cool (17 ± 5°C) and warm (26 ± 3°C)

seasons in a humid subtropical climate.

Calves received 8 L/day milk replacer until

gradual weaning at 43 days, with starter and

water ad libitum. Health indicators (fever

and scours), body weight, starter intake and

activity were monitored.

Key findings:

» Calves born in the cool season had fewer

health issues overall.

» Pair-housed calves consumed more starter

by week 5, gained weight faster pre- and

post-weaning, and maintained higher body

weight after weaning.

» Performance advantages of pair housing

were most pronounced in cool conditions.

» Pair-housed calves were more active,

especially in the evenings, with seasonal

differences in activity peaks.

Conclusion

Pair housing offers clear benefits for calf

welfare and performance, with increased

feed intake, growth and activity compared

to individual housing. Seasonal conditions

influence these effects, suggesting that

advantages may be greater in cooler weather

and less under heat stress.

As welfare standards evolve and farmers

seek practical ways to improve productivity,

pair housing emerges as a promising

solution – balancing animal well-being with

performance gains.



Key points from the study:

» Calves housed in pairs eat more and grow

faster, especially in cooler seasons.

» Social contact encourages natural

behaviours and reduces stress.

» No negative impact on health compared to

individual housing.

» Pair-housed calves show greater activity,

indicating improved welfare.

» Benefits are strongest in cool conditions;

heat may reduce the effect.

Why this matters:

» Enhances animal welfare without

sacrificing productivity.

» Offers a practical alternative to

individual housing – minimal facility

changes required.

» Supports sustainable farming

and compliance with evolving

welfare standards.

» Helps farmers improve performance and

adaptability across different climates.

Reference:

Bonney-King, J., Lindner, E. E., Bittar,

C. M. M., & Miller-Cushon, E. K. (2025).

Pair housing benefits performance and

activity of dairy calves with influences

of season. J. Dairy Sci. 108:11432–11442.

https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25819

Pair housing is a simple, cost-effective strategy

that boosts both welfare and performance – a

smart move for modern dairy farming.


MILK SA warns

against illegal FMD

vaccine use

Milk SA has raised alarm over reports

that some farmers may be importing

and using a Kenyan foot-andmouth

Disease (FMD) vaccine, FOTIVAX,

without authorisation. The organisation

strongly condemns this practice, warning

that importing unregistered medication is a

criminal offence and poses serious risks to

animal health and the livestock industry.

Dr Mark Chimes, manager of Milk SA’s

Animal Health and Welfare Programme,

explained that the Kenyan vaccine is shortacting,

not registered in South Africa, and

does not protect against all local FMD strains.

It also lacks distinguishing-infected-fromvaccinated-animals

(DIVA) capability, making

it impossible to distinguish between infection

and vaccination during testing. This could

lead to severe consequences, including herd

slaughter and prosecution.

Milk SA urges farmers to follow legal

procedures for vaccine importation, which

require permits and compliance with South

African regulations. Current approved

vaccines include a water-based product from

Botswana (short-acting) and an oil-based

vaccine from Turkey, which is undergoing

testing for local strains.

Source: Milk SA Press Release

Full statement available at:

http://www.milksa.co.za



Government intensifies

foot‐and‐mouth

disease response

The Department of Agriculture has

announced a major escalation in its

strategy to combat Foot-and-Mouth

Disease (FMD), which continues to disrupt

livestock and dairy operations nationwide.

Minister John Steenhuisen confirmed

that KwaZulu-Natal remains the epicentre,

accounting for 180 of 274 unresolved

outbreaks, despite the vaccination of over

931 000 animals in recent months.

Key policy actions include:

» Expanded vaccination programme:

Two million additional doses expected

by February 2026, supported by a new

domestic vaccine production facility to

reduce reliance on imports.

» Industry collaboration: The Milk

Producers Organisation (MPO) has

purchased 50 000 doses for KwaZulu-

Natal dairy farmers, complementing

government efforts.

» National herd vaccination strategy:

A phased plan to vaccinate livestock

across high-risk provinces, enabling South

Africa to apply for World Organisation

for Animal Health (WOAH) ‘freedom with

vaccination’ status.

» Biosecurity and enforcement: Stronger

measures to curb uncontrolled animal

movement, identified as the primary threat

to containment.

» Public-private partnerships: Formal

agreements with Onderstepoort Biological

Products (OBP), Agricultural Research

Council (ARC), and international

partners to secure vaccine supply and

technical support.

Minister Steenhuisen stressed that success

depends on both vaccination and compliance

with movement restrictions. ‘We remain

committed to turning this outbreak around

and rebuilding resilience in the livestock

industry,’ he said.

Source: Department of Agriculture,

Media Statement (26 November 2025).

Full statement available at:

http://www.nda.gov.za


ROLLING

INTO 2026:

TECH AND

TRENDS FOR

DAIRY MOBILITY

The festive season is here, and while

most wheels turn toward holiday

plans, on the farm, they never stop.

December is the perfect time to

service, upgrade and rethink how

mobility and technology can keep

your dairy operation efficient and

profitable in the year ahead.


MOO-VING WHEELS

South African reality meets

global innovation

Across South Africa, farmers are increasingly

investing in sensor-equipped tractors,

precision implements and internet-of-things

(IoT) enabled feeders. These upgrades

are not just about convenience; they are

about cost control and resilience. Globally,

dairy producers in Europe and North

America are pairing rugged machinery with

data-driven systems to optimise fuel use,

reduce soil compaction, and monitor herd

health remotely.

With connectivity improving locally

through low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite IoT

rollouts, even farms in remote regions like the

Karoo can now track irrigation pivots, feed

mixers and milk tank temperatures in real

time. This means fewer surprises and more

proactive decisions.

Global outlook, local action

Experts agree, success in 2026 won’t come

from output growth alone, it’s about risk

management, cost efficiency, and smart

adoption of technology. For South African

farmers, that means pairing rugged wheels

with practical solutions to stay competitive in

a volatile market.

International studies show that precision

dairy systems – from automated feeders to

sensor-equipped tractors – boost milk yields

by up to 30% while cutting feed costs by 25%

South African farmers are

embracing these trends and

investing in:

» Smart implements for

pasture management.

» Tyre pressure monitoring

systems to reduce soil

compaction and fuel use.

» Energy-efficient pumps

and mixers to combat rising

electricity tariffs.


Cost-effective options

for every farm

Not every farmer can invest in high-end

tech – but small changes can make a

big difference:

» Regular tyre checks and correct inflation

reduce fuel costs and soil damage.

» Simple water-saving valves and

gravity‐fed systems cut energy use.

» Basic IoT sensors for milk tanks or

borehole pumps are now affordable and

easy to install.

» Shared machinery services in your local

co-op can spread costs.

Why it matters for 2026

With USDA forecasting a 2% rise

in SA milk production in 2025,

mobility and tech integration will

be key to sustaining growth amid

volatility. Whether you’re in the

Free State or Friesland, the wheels

of dairy farming are turning smarter.

Embrace the tech, maintain the

basics, and roll into 2026

ready for growth.



Your facility needs dependable

dairy testing equipment

Testing during the dairy production

process is not just a nice-to-have, it is

a requirement, to ensure the aesthetic,

flavour, and shelf-life of goods.

Keep your operations running smoothly

with Hanna Instruments Professional

Portable Cheese pH Meter (HI98165)

A rugged, waterproof, Foodcare pH

meter that measures pH & temperature

using the specialized FC2423

cheese pH electrode.

HI98165

This professional, portable meter

complies with IP67 standards.

It’s portable, perfect for the production

floor … test where you need to !

www.hanna.co.za

HEAD OFFICE – JHB

6 Vernon Road

Morninghill

Bedfordview

Johannesburg

T: (011) 615 6076

F: (011) 615 8582

E: hanna@hanna.co.za

CAPE TOWN BRANCH

Unit B 18 Bellville

Business Park

Belville,

Cape Town

T: (021) 946 1722

F: (021) 946 1723

E: ct@hanna.co.za

We also operate in: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique,

Namibia and Zimbabwe.

Contact apaka@hanna.co.za Cell: +27 (0) 72-910-5749

DURBAN BRANCH

Office 2 Dias Block

Fairway Green Office Park

3 Abrey Road

Kloof

Kwazulu Natal

T: (031) 701 2711

E: durban@hanna.co.za

EASTERN CAPE BRANCH

Southern Life Gardens

First Floor, Block F

70-2nd Avenue

Newton Park

Port Elizabeth 6045

T: (041) 450 5685

E: pe@hanna.co.za

The Dairy Mail Dec 2025

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