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Editorial 

Substance over rhetoric 

The debate on sustainability in industry often suffers from a familiar pattern: much is said about targets, but too rarely 

about concrete implementation in detail. Yet it is precisely here that it is decided whether energy and resource efficiency 

actually have an impact – or merely exist on paper. 

This issue shows that crucial progress lies not in grand visions, but in the precise optimisation of industrial processes. 

Energy-efficient drive systems have long ceased to be a "nice-to-have", but are a direct lever for reducing power 

consumption in production and logistics. Those who still work with outdated concepts here leave valuable efficiency 

potential untapped. 

The situation is similar with regard to resource utilisation. In practice, savings do not arise from sacrifice, but from 

better process management. Whether in the precise dosing of processing aids, thermal treatment or the handling 

of demanding materials – the decisive factor is the ability to operate processes in a stable, reproducible and low-loss 

manner. Modern mixing and preparation technologies contribute to this just as much as specialised components for 

aggressive or high-purity media. 

This demand becomes particularly clear in biogas production. Here, it is not about image, but about yield, process 

stability and energy output. Progress is achieved through improved mixing, optimised substrate preparation and 

reliable gas extraction – in other words, through technology that functions permanently even under difficult conditions. 

At the same time, new regulations in the biogas sector are increasing the pressure on operators to master processes 

cleanly and eliminate technical weak points more quickly. It also shows that without precise measurement and control 

technology, any optimisation concept remains piecemeal. 

In addition, there is an aspect that is often underestimated: the quality of the electrical infrastructure. Mains disturbances, 

an unstable supply or an inadequately coordinated power distribution cause not only downtime, but also hidden energy 

losses. Anyone talking about efficiency must therefore always talk about a clean power supply and stable drive systems. 

In the end, integration is key. Individual efficient components achieve little if they do not interact intelligently. Automation, 

data transparency and robust communication structures are the prerequisites for managing energy and material flows 

effectively. 

The central insight is uncomfortable but clear: sustainability does not arise from announcements, but from consistent 

technical detail work. That is precisely where the real competitive advantage lies. 

Anyone wishing to understand sustainable industry will find in these articles a view of what truly matters: implementation. 

Silke Watkins 

GREEN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2026 

3


Contents 

Cover 

Efficient drive solutions from NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

for processes in the environmental sector 

Reducing costs, increasing efficiency 

In (waste)water and recycling manage ment processes, efficiency and 

reliability determine operating costs. Naturally, the purchase price is 

an important factor with new investments, but it is no longer the sole 

purchase criterion. There is also an increasing focus on follow-up costs. 

As a system provider, NORD DRIVESYSTEMS offers the right drive solutions 

for applications in the environmental sector – as well as the concepts 

and services needed to keep the total cost of ownership in mind 

when selecting the optimal solution. 

Contents 

Editorial 

Substance over rhetoric 3 

Cover story 

Efficient drive solutions from NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

for processes in the environmental sector 5 

Renewable energy 

Small but effective 9 

Ressource efficiency 

Measures to make steel production more sustainable 13 

Durability 

Pressure surges in steam systems: 

Water hammer as a risk to safety and efficiency 16 

CTX & LUCCS Light System: 

Cooling solution for novel LED light system 29 

Energy efficiency 

Energy efficiency in sugar production 20 

Minimal motor heating with high-speed converters by SIEB & MEYER 25 

Biogas production 

Full speed ahead into the heating network 22 

Predictive connectivity 

PLC diagnostic buffer gains an additional source of information 32 

Companies – Innovations – Products 35 

Index of Advertisers 39 

Brand name register 40 

Impressum 

Publisher 

Dr. Harnisch Verlags GmbH 

© 

2026, Dr. Harnisch Verlags GmbH 

Responsible for content 

Silke Watkins 

Publishing company and reader service 


Eschenstr. 25 

90441 Nuremberg, Germany 

Tel 0911 2018-0 

Fax 0911 2018-100 

E-Mail get@harnisch.com 

www.harnisch.com 

Errors excepted 

Reprinting and photomechanical reproduction,even 

in extract form, is only possible with 

the written consent of the publishers 

Editors 

Silke Watkins 

Anna Totsche 

Advertisements/Brand name register 

Silke Watkins/Matti Schneider 

Technical Director 

Armin König 

ISSN 2752-2040 

4 

GREEN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2026

Cover story 

Efficient drive solutions 

from NORD DRIVESYSTEMS for processes in 

the environmental sector 

Reducing costs, increasing efficiency 

The modular products from NORD DRIVESYSTEMS offer numerous components and combinations to keep environmental technology 

applications running safely. 

Image: NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

In (waste)water and recycling 

manage ment processes, efficiency 

and reliability determine operating 

costs. Naturally, the purchase price 

is an important factor with new 

investments, but it is no longer 

the sole purchase criterion. There 

is also an increasing focus on follow-up 

costs. As a system provider, 

NORD DRIVESYSTEMS offers the 

right drive solutions for applications 

in the environmental sector – as well 

as the concepts and services needed 

to keep the total cost of ownership 

in mind when selecting the optimal 

solution. 

Processes in water management, 

wastewater treatment, recycling or 

biogas production require robust, 

reliable and energy-efficient drive 

solutions. Modular products from 

NORD DRIVESYSTEMS offer a wide 

range of system solutions that meet 

the special requirements in the field 

of environmental technology and are 

suited as OEM components in new 

installations as well as for retrofit 

projects. They include robust electric 

motors with stateof-the-art technology 

as well as gear units with the 

proven one-piece UNICASE design 

and various versions such as parallel 

shaft gear units, helical bevel 

gear units or UNICASE helical in-line 

geared motors. A selection of frequency 

inverters and modern drive 

electronics for installation in control 

cabinets or as decentralised solutions 

complete the modular product 

system. 

Industrial gear units for heavy-duty 

applications 

In shredders or pumps, NORD gear 

units with one-piece UNICASE housings 

and reinforced bearings ensure 

system reliability – even in harsh environments 

and during 24/7 operation. 

In water screws, 3-stage helical bevel 

gear units of the MAXXDRIVE ® XC 

industrial gear units’ series offer constant 

torques up to 282 kNm. They 

even enable large volumes of water 

to be transported at low conveying 

heights. The NSD5 surface treatment 

provides effective protection against 

corrosion; the NORD sealing system 

prevents the ingress of water. 

For use in crushers or shredders, 

MAXXDRIVE ® can be equipped with 

reinforced input shafts and overload 

couplings with the torsionally 

rigid one-piece UNICASE housing also 

allowing to accommodate large roller 

bearings. Even with large shock loads, 

high torques and sudden loads that 

occur while crushing materials, the 

drive remains resistant and ensures 

smooth operation. 

A biogas plant on the De 

Princepeel estate in the Netherlands 

serves as a concrete and successful 

practical example. A total of 

GREEN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2026 5

Cover story 

Innovative custom solutions – 

SAFOMI adapter for MAXXDRIVE ® 

industrial gear units 

Fig. 1: MAXXDRIVE ® industrial parallel gear units (here: MAXXDRIVE ® XD with large centre 

distance) are used when high torques are required; they are also available as ATEX versions. 

 


16 MAXXDRIVE ® industrial gear units 

contribute to the production of gas 

by driving the agitators’ 4.5-metrelong 

shafts. What makes this unique 

is that the bunkers are not circular 

but have a rectangular floor plan. 

Each of the eight bunkers is powered 

by two 37 kW industrial gear units 

from NORD featuring an ATEXcompliant 

design, a speed ratio of 123:1 and 

an output torque of approximately 

29,000 Nm. 

For agitator applications, MAXXDRIVE ® 

industrial gear units can be equipped 

with a socalled SAFOMI-IEC adapter. 

SAFOMI means Sealless Adapter for 

Mixers. The IEC adapter combines the 

functions of a standard IEC adapter 

and an oil expansion tank in a single 

component. SAFOMI is available for 

helical gear units in sizes 7 to 11 or 

for maximum output torques from 

25 to 75 kNm. The compact SAFOMI 

adapter has a simple structure and 

an integrated oil expansion volume. 

The advantage: Oil tanks and hoses 

as well as the leakage- and wearprone 

radial shaft seal between the 

Fig. 3: For agitator applications, 

MAXXDRIVE ® industrial gear units can be 

equipped with a SAFOMI-IEC adapter. It 

has a compact and simple structure and 

reduces maintenance through fewer wear 

parts. Image: NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

gear unit and IEC cylinder can be 

omitted. Switching to a SAFOMI-IEC 

adapter instead of the standard 

IEC adapter on the agitator drive 

increases operational reliability and 

reduces maintenance. The oil level 

as well as the required oil volume is 

lower and thanks to fewer attached 

components, the installation space is 

also reduced. 

IE5+ motors and UNIVERSAL motors 

Fig. 2: In a biogas plant in the Netherlands, 16 MAXXDRIVE industrial gear units are used, 

each driving an agitator with 4.5-metre-long agitator shafts. Image: NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

In the field of water management, the 

high-efficiency NORD IE5+ perma- 

6 


Cover story 

nent magnet synchronous motors 

are used as drives in screw pumps, 

where they offer reliable performance 

across the entire adjustment 

range, even during 24/7 operation. In 

combination with NORD’s low-ratio 

gear units, IE5+ motors from NORD 

also feature high efficiency and low 

energy consumption in the partial 

load range. 

A practical example of how 

UNIVERSAL ASMs from NORD are 

used is in poultry processing farms. 

The motors used ensure reliable 

water treatment at a farm where 

freshwater supply would be too 

labour-intensive and costly. The 

water treatment plant recycles up 

to 600 m 3 of water per hour, or 

7,500 m 3 per day, for reuse. For comparison: 

Conventional slaughterhouses 

process approximately 

1,000 m 3 of water per day. The 

UNIVERSAL motors are particularly 

suitable for the drum filters of the 

dissolved air flotation systems (internally 

referred to as DAF systems). 

In combination with NORD’s worm 

and helical gear units, they provide 

the speed required by the drum to 

ensure effective and proper function 

of the filter. They are able to 

rotate cylinders at a low speed without 

affecting the performance. Most 

of the models used have powers of 

up to 3 kW; control takes place via 

centralised control cabinet inverters 

from NORD. 

Fig. 4: UNIVERSAL asynchronous motors from NORD ensure reliable water treatment in a 

poultry processing farm. 


error diagnosis via the NORDCON 

APP make the service even easier. 

Energy efficiency and TCO advice 

for optimally matched drives 

Like all industrial sectors, companies 

in (waste)water and recycling 

management encounter high cost 

pressure. They are facing a massive 

increase in energy costs. Another 

issue is environmental and climate 

protection and the associated question 

of how a company’s carbon footprint 

can be reduced. With this in 

mind, NORD offers service tools such 

as NORD ECO, which is used to analyse 

system efficiency, and TCO analysis 

(total cost of ownership) – always 

with the aim of identifying existing 

savings potential and providing concrete 

recommendations for action. 

TCO analysis for cost reduction 

In the field of drive systems, the 

follow-up costs of an investment 

account for approximately 80 to 

NORDAC frequency inverters 

With models such as NORDAC PRO 

(centralised), NORDAC FLEX, NORDAC 

LINK and NORDAC ON (decentralised, 

see image), NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

offers a wide portfolio of centralised 

and decentralised frequency 

inverters that differ in features such 

as energysaving functions and various 

field bus protocols. The integrated 

control of NORDAC frequency 

inverters enables continuous condition 

monitoring and predictive maintenance, 

reducing downtimes and 

increasing system efficiency. NORD 

provides tools such as the NORDCON 

software and app-based Bluetooth 

diagnostics for easy installation and 

commissioning. Drive monitoring and 

Fig. 5: NORDAC ON is available in two variants: for operation with asynchronous motors (in the 

foreground) and as NORDAC ON+ for synchronous motors. Image: NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

GREEN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2026 7

Cover story 

Fig. 6: The NORD ECO box is a mobile control cabinet that enables detailed measurements of both the entire system and individual drives – 

the data forms the basis for the efficiency analysis of the NORD ECO service. 


85 percent of the total cost of ownership. 

In addition to the energy 

costs, the follow-up costs also 

include costs for administration, 

servicing, maintenance and personnel 

responsible for spare parts management 

and disposal at the end of 

the product lifecycle. The concept 

of total cost of ownership (TCO) 

has proven itself when it comes to 

determining the overall costs. It 

identifies potential cost drivers of a 

system beforehand, brings hidden 

costs to light and highlights options 

to achieve savings. One key aspect 

is variant reduction: the reduction 

of differently used sizes within one 

system. Preventing overdimensioning 

also helps reducing the TCO. An 

overdimensioned system results 

in increased energy consumption, 

as the drives are often running in 

inefficient partial load operation. 

Other negative consequences are 

higher investment, operating and 

maintenance costs caused by larger 

and therefore more expensive 

components. 

Efficiency analysis with NORD ECO 

The NORD ECO service gives system 

operators the opportunity of getting 

a detailed view of their systems’ 

energy efficiency. The core element 

of NORD ECO is the NORD ECO box – 

a mobile control cabinet that allows 

for detailed measurement of both 

the entire system and individual 

drives, making their energy consumption 

transparent. The NORD ECO box 

measures voltages and currents, 

determines the energy consumption 

and stores this data. Afterwards, the 

in-house developed NORD ECO software 

displays the drive utilisation 

and load profiles. The collected data 

forms the basis for determining the 

most efficient drive solution consisting 

of motor, gear unit and inverter. 

Optimally matched drive solutions 

for environmental processes 

With its extensive portfolio of drive 

solutions for processes or applications 

in the environmental sector – 

which is continuously developed and 

optimised – NORD DRIVESYSTEMS 

focuses on sustainability and 

resourcefulness. With individual service 

offers such as the TCO analysis 

and NORD ECO, NORD customers are 

furthermore given the opportunity 

of making their environmental processes 

more efficient and resourceful 

while reducing their costs. NORD 

thus makes a valuable contribution 

to a more sustainable future – for 

current and future generations. 

Getriebebau NORD GmbH & Co. KG 

Getriebebau-Nord-Str. 1 

22941 Bargteheide 

Tel +49 4532 289-0 

info@nord.com 

www.nord.com 

8 



Small but effective 

KBK couplings and shrink discs increase the yield of wind power 

and photovoltaic systems 

Sven Karpstein 

KBK couplings compensate for misalignment in wind energy and photovoltaic systems, dampen vibrations, and transmit high torques 

without backlash. 

Image: chungking_63980460/AdobeStock 

Generating energy from the sun and 

wind plays a key role in climate protection. 

However, the systems can 

only achieve high electricity yields 

if the torque is transmitted reliably 

and the solar modules are precisely 

aligned. Couplings and shrink discs 

by KBK Antriebstechnik make an 

important contribution to this. 

When the huge rotor blades of a 

wind turbine rotate at a height of 

over 100 meters, they transmit very 

high torques to the generator in 

the nacelle. To ensure that all of the 

mechanical energy arrives there 

and can be converted into electrical 

energy, the rotor shaft and the hollow 

gear shaft must be connected 

to each other with a friction-locking, 

backlash-free connection. Renowned 

manufacturers of wind turbines use 

shrink discs from KBK Antriebstechnik 

for this task. Thanks to their 

compact design, these shaft-hub connections 

can reliably transmit high 

forces of up to 327,000 N even in 

the most confined spaces. They are 

characterized by good concentricity 

properties and are self-centering and 

self-releasing. 

KBK manufactures its shrink discs 

from high-strength tempered steel as 

standard but also offers nickel-plated 

versions and stainless-steel variants 

on request. The shrink discs are 


9


thus creating the conditions for precise 

tool guidance. This is essential 

for the production of a uniform 

flange on the rotor blade, which 

must later form a robust connection 

between the hub on the nacelle and 

the rotor blade. If this work is not 

carried out with great precision, it 

can have fatal consequences for the 

operation of the wind turbine, as the 

forces exerted on the rotor by the 

wind are enormous. 

Lightweight construction increases 

efficiency 

Fig. 1: Metal bellows couplings by KBK enable the rotor blade angle to be optimally adjusted 

to the wind strength. The axially pluggable KB4P with clamping hub (image) is particularly 

suitable for applications with complicated installation situations, as in wind energy or PV 

systems. 

Image: KBK Antriebstechnik GmbH 

suitable for shaft diameters from 

14 to 280 mm and are available 

from a quantity of 1, even as special 

solutions. 

Couplings have several 

important tasks 

Metal bellows couplings from KBK are 

also used in the drive train of wind 

turbines: They enable the rotor blade 

angle to be optimally adjusted to 

the wind strength but also compensate 

for the relative movements that 

can occur between the drive shaft, 

generator, gearbox, and rotor, e.g., 

due to gusts of wind. 

KBK products are also used in the 

manufacture of wind turbines. Metal 

bellows couplings and other types 

of servo couplings from Klingenberg 

are installed in drilling and milling 

machines used to machine the 

rotor blades, among other things. 

The couplings ensure backlash-free 

torque transmission in the turbines, 

Fig. 2: Slit couplings by KBK transmit high torques in confined spaces. 

 


KBK has a total of 25 different series 

of metal bellows couplings in its 

range, including axially pluggable 

designs, variants with expanding 

hubs, and length-adjustable models. 

The couplings are characterized by 

absolute freedom from play and high 

torsional rigidity. They not only transmit 

maximum torques, but also compensate 

for manufacturing-related 

axial, angular, or lateral position deviations 

on the drive and output shafts. 

Users benefit from a significantly 

longer bearing service life. 

KBK metal bellows couplings cover 

torque ranges between 0.05 Nm and 

5000 Nm and have bores for shaft 

diameters from 1 mm to 100 mm. 

Another special feature of the couplings 

is their relatively low weight: 

since they are made of high-strength 

aluminum, they weigh 50 percent less 

than comparable steel couplings. This 

lightweight design makes the metal 

bellows couplings the ideal component 

for all applications that need to 

be energy efficient and where every 

gram of weight counts. 

KBK also offers slit couplings for 

applications in the renewable energy 

sector where high torques need to 

be transmitted in extremely confined 

spaces. These couplings have a 

very compact design thanks to their 

special geometry. They are manufactured 

in one piece and are available 

in versions with clamping hubs (KBFK) 

and half-shells (KBFH). 

KBFK slit couplings in stainless 

steel design transmit torques 

between 6 Nm and 240 Nm, while 

the aluminum version transmits 

torques between 3 Nm and 180 Nm. 

10 GREEN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2026


High compensating effect and low 

restoring forces 

Fig. 3: KBK cardan couplings compensate for even high radial and angular misalignment. 

 


The couplings are axially mounted on 

the shaft using clamping hubs and 

are available with outer dia meters 

from 16 mm to 80 mm. They transmit 

torque with high precision and 

are easy to install even in applications 

with complicated installation 

situations. 

KBFH couplings are available with 

outer diameters between 30 mm and 

80 mm. They enable the user to precisely 

align the shafts before installing 

the coupling. KBFH slit couplings can 

transmit torques between 25 Nm and 

240 Nm (stainless steel) and between 

10 Nm and 180 Nm (aluminum). 

KBK's cardan couplings are also used 

in the manufacturing of wind turbines. 

They have very low backlashes and 

transmit torques of up to 580 Nm and 

forces of up to 13,000 N. In addition, 

the cardan couplings compensate for 

high radial and angular misalignment 

in a very small space, generating only 

minimal restoring forces. KBK offers 

three series of low-backlash cardan 

couplings: the GK for connecting two 

components, the GK-T for connecting 

shafts, and the GK-TH in a half-shell 

design. 

Optimal yield for photovoltaic 

systems 

Manufacturers of photovoltaic 

modules also appreciate the high 

quality of KBK couplings. Servo insert 

couplings are installed in the singleand 

dual-axis tracking systems of the 

systems, which regulate the position 

of the collectors in relation to the sun. 

RECIPROCATING 

PUMPS TO API 674 

- Liquid ammonia pumps 

- Reactor feed pumps 

- Methanol pumps 

- Produced water injection pumps 

- Wash water pumps 

Pressure: 

Flow rate: 

50 – 4000 bar 

0,1 – 200 m³/h 

HAMPRO® HIGH-PRESSURE 

PROCESS TECHNOLOGY 

Hammelmann GmbH 

Carl-Zeiss-Straße 6-8 

D-59302 Oelde 

+49 (0) 25 22 / 76 - 0 

pp@hammelmann.de 

www.hammelmann-process.com


Individual service is standard 

KBK not only offers manufacturers 

of wind energy and photo voltaic systems 

standard couplings but also 

manufactures customer-specific 

designs on request. The family-owned 

company provides its customers with 

in-depth advice and makes many 

things possible that its competitors 

cannot offer. For example, fast delivery 

of spare parts: within two hours, 

KBK equips couplings with application-specific 

bores and sends them 

on their way by direct courier. 

Fig. 4: Servo insert couplings by KBK are equipped with plastic spiders and can therefore 

dampen even strong vibrations. 


They are located between the gear 

motor and the drive spindle, where 

they compensate for shaft misalignment 

and dampen vibrations that 

can occur when adjusting the angle of 

inclination of the solar modules. The 

use of couplings allows the collectors 

to be guided smoothly and precisely, 

enabling the systems to achieve the 

best possible yield. 

KBK Antriebstechnik GmbH 

Klingenberg am Main 

Sven Karpstein 

owner and managing director 

KBK Antriebstechnik GmbH 

info@kbk-antriebstechnik.de 

www.kbk-antriebstechnik.de/en/ 

Three questions to Sven Karpstein 

Mr. Karpstein, you also supply your products to manufacturers 

of wind energy and photovoltaic systems. 

What is KBK itself doing to promote climate and environmental 

protection? 

Sven Karpstein: We have done quite a bit in this regard in 

recent years. While these are only small changes in themselves, 

together they make a difference. 

What specifically do you have in mind? 

Sven Karpstein: Take our metal bellows couplings, for 

example, which we have been manufacturing from highstrength 

aluminum instead of steel for some time now. 

This saves us 50 percent in weight and enables industries 

to build more energy-efficient machines. Thanks to 

our couplings, users can employ smaller drives and thus 

reduce energy consumption. In addition, the lower weight 

reduces the moment of inertia of the couplings. This saves 

energy during acceleration and breaking. 

That sounds good. But you mentioned further 

measures? 

Sven Karpstein: Yes, we have introduced a recycling system 

for our plastic transport packaging, for example. Until 

recently, our customers simply threw it away. Now we collect 

it from them after delivering our products and reuse it. 


Resource efficiency 

Pathways to greener steel 

Measures to make steel production 

more sustainable 

Steel production is one of the largest sources of CO 2 emissions. However, there are several levers that companies can pull to make their 

manufacturing processes more sustainable. 

Image: Cogne Edelstahl GmbH 

Driven not only by growing environmental 

and social responsibility, the 

sustainability of steel is moving ever 

more into focus. Modern processes 

and technologies for reducing emissions 

and waste offer significant 

potential to produce in ways that 

are both environmentally and economically 

sound. But where exactly 

does this potential lie? Which steps 

can companies take to achieve a 

successful transformation? 

Worldwide, steel production is one of 

the largest industrial sources of CO 2 

emissions. The traditional production 

process in blast furnaces releases 

large quantities of carbon dioxide. 

Recycling steel via lower-emission 

electric steel plants, which primarily 

use steel scrap as a raw material and 

melt it in an electric arc furnace, is 

therefore an obvious measure. However, 

there are a number of additional 

levers companies can pull to make 

steel production more sustainable. 

Measures to reduce emissions 

It is not only the use of an alternative 

steel furnace that reduces air pollution. 

One way to reduce the emissions 

generated during steel production is 

also the use of modern exhaust gas 

cleaning systems. Electro static precipitators, 

fabric filters or dedusting 

systems remove pollutants and particles 

from the exhaust gases before 

they enter the atmosphere. For example, 

a special extraction hood for the 

AOD (argon-oxygen decarburisation) 

area helps to control emissions. Companies 

such as Cogne invest continuously 

in new equipment as well as 

in the modernisation of existing systems 

in order to further reduce air 

pollution. In addition, state-of-theart 

emissions monitoring systems 


13


Fig. 1: Steel production using electric arc furnaces offers a lower-emission alternative to the traditional blast furnace process. 

 

Image: Cogne Edelstahl GmbH 

ensure precise control and transparency 

vis-à-vis the relevant authorities. 

The international ISO standards 

14001, 50001, 14064 and ISO 14067 

play a particular role here, as they 

support companies in systematically 

improving and transparently documenting 

their environmental performance, 

energy efficiency and CO 2 

emissions. 

The CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment 

Mechanism), which has been 

mandatory since 1 January 2026, is 

an EU-wide regulation establishing a 

CO 2 border adjustment system and 

also contributes to climate protection. 

Under this scheme, emission-intensive 

products such as steel are 

subject to a CO 2 price, with the aim 

of reducing emissions and creating 

a level playing field. The EU is thus 

seeking to prevent so-called carbon 

leakage, i.e. the relocation of CO 2 -intensive 

production to countries without 

comparable climate protection 

measures. For steel, the pricing is 

determined by categorising it into 

Scope 1 (direct emissions from steel 

production), Scope 2 (indirect emissions 

from electricity consumption) 

and Scope 3 (other indirect emissions, 

such as transport routes). 

Measures to reduce waste 

The production process also ge nerates 

large quantities of slag, dust, 

sludge and other waste pro ducts. 

These are usually disposed of 

entirely, which not only entails high 

additional costs but also represents 

a waste of resources. This is because, 

in addition to recycling usable scrap, 

there is also the possibility of reusing 

some of the by-products. Slag, for 

example, can be used as a building 

material or as fertiliser in agriculture. 

Effective internal waste management 

therefore aims to select waste treatment 

methods in a targeted manner 

and to continuously improve them 

in order to maximise the recovery 

and recycling of by-products. Investments 

in process optimisation technologies 

also offer great potential 

in this regard. This is because waste 

can be reduced at source through 

a more efficient use of raw materials. 

Recycling is regulated, amongst 

other things, by UNI EN ISO 14021, 

which sets out transparent requirements 

for environmental product 

declarations. 

Measures to reduce soil 

contamination 

Reducing waste volumes also 

helps to reduce soil contamination. 



In steel production, soil contamination 

arises primarily from the 

improper storage or disposal 

of waste and by-products. Environmentally 

sound and professionally 

managed waste storage 

– including proper sealing and 

capping – prevents pollutants 

from entering soil and groundwater. 

And the less waste material 

that needs to be stored, the 

lower the risk of unintended soil 

contamination. 

Measures to reduce water 

pollution 

Alongside the CO 2 footprint, 

the so-called water footprint is 

equally significant in steel production. 

This footprint is an indicator 

of the amount of fresh 

water that is directly or indirectly 

consumed or polluted in the production 

of goods and services. 

An international standard governing 

the management of water 

pollution and the calculation of 

the water footprint is ISO 14046. 

Initially developed for assessing 

COGNE 

EDELSTAHL 

GmbH 

Cogne Edelstahl GmbH is the 

German sales subsidiary of the 

Italian manufacturer of stainless 

steel and nickel-based materials, 

COGNE ACCIAI SPECIALI S.p.A., 

based in Aosta, Italy. Cogne 

Edelstahl distributes the company’s 

products throughout German-speaking 

regions, with a 

focus on Germany, Austria, and 

the Benelux countries. Through 

its sales offices in Neuss, 

Rudersberg am Murr, and Stuhr 

near Bremen, the company 

supplies customers with long 

stainless-steel products manufactured 

in Italy, Taiwan, and 

Sweden. Furthermore, Cogne 

Edelstahl trades in steel, stainless 

steel, and other metals that 

are not part of the parent company’s 

production portfolio. 

water resources in the agricultural 

sector, it has increasingly 

been applied in industrial production 

over the last decade. 

Companies should therefore 

gain an overview of their water 

footprint in order to develop a 

resource-efficient usage strategy. 

One analytical tool for this purpose 

is the World Resources 

Institute’s “Aqueduct Water Risk 

Atlas”. Modern filtration systems 

and chemical treatment processes 

can be used to reduce 

water pollution. These remove 

hazardous substances such as 

heavy metals, oils and fats from 

the water before it enters the 

environment. Targeted optimisation 

of process flows also helps 

to reduce the use of such chemical 

additives overall. Closed-loop 

water systems likewise help to 

protect natural ecosystems while 

at the same time increasing production 

efficiency by lowering 

water consumption. 

The opportunities for steel 

producers to reduce their environmental 

footprint are numerous 

and effective. To remain not 

only legally compliant and sustainable 

but also competitive in 

the future, companies should 

continuously refine their processes 

and adapt to national and 

inter national regulatory requirements 

at an early stage. Steel 

expert Cogne is a prime example 

within the industry of continuous 

investment in both techno logies 

and processes that reduce emissions 

and waste, as well as in 

relevant certifications. 

Cogne Edelstahl GmbH 

Carl-Schurz-Str. 2 

41460 Neuss 

+49 2132 1246 177 

vos@cogne.de 

www.cogne.de 

Ecological 

& economical 

into the future 

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15

Durability 

Pressure surges in steam systems: 

Water hammer as a risk to safety and efficiency 

Alexander Stark 

Water hammer is one of the most 

expensive and dangerous phenomena 

in steam systems. It can 

damage components, destabilise 

control loops and increase the risk 

of accidents. At the same time, 

water hammer is often an indication 

that the steam system is also operating 

inefficiently from an energy 

perspective. For these reasons, 

control of condensate drainage is 

critical to cope with varying loads 

and surges in back pressure. 

Banging, crashing, knocking and 

vibrations are often accepted as 

normal side effects in steam systems. 

In reality, they are usually a warning 

sign of water hammer. 

What is often dismissed as a technical 

nuisance can have serious consequences 

– from efficiency losses 

and damaged components to significant 

safety risks for personnel. The 

cause is rarely a single trigger. More 

often, it points to a wider weakness in 

condensate management. 

Causes of water hammer 

Water hammer occurs when pressure 

conditions in a steam system change 

suddenly. Two mechanisms are particularly 

relevant in this context. 

Firstly, water hammer can occur 

when accelerated condensate strikes 

an obstacle. This kind of liquid slug 

forms when hot steam comes into 

contact with colder water or accumulated 

condensate and carries it 

along at high velocity. When the slug 

hits valves, pipe bends or fittings, it is 

brought to an abrupt stop. Because 

water is almost incompressible, the 

kinetic energy is converted into a 

hydraulic pressure surge that travels 

through the pipework as a shock 

wave. 

Secondly, water hammer can 

be caused by the sudden condensation 

of steam. When steam comes 

into contact with colder surfaces or 

Uncontrolled condensate accumulation and sudden pressure surges make water hammer a 

key risk in steam systems. 

Image: AI generated, EBE-Engineering 

larger accumulations of condensate, 

an abrupt phase change occurs. The 

steam volume collapses within a 

very short time. Liquid or following 

steam then rushes into the resulting 

low-pressure zone at high speed 

– again with the potential to trigger a 

pressure wave. 

Both mechanisms generate 

sudden pressure peaks that place 

mechanical stress on components. At 

the same time, they impair process 

stability and reduce the energy performance 

of the system. 

Consequences of water hammer 

“The effects of such pressure surges 

are far-reaching. Mechanically, they 

can deform or damage pipework, 

render valves inoperable, impair 

heat exchangers or destroy steam 

traps. Pipe supports can come 

loose, and connections can start to 

leak. In particularly critical cases, 

leaks of high-pressure steam or 

hot condensate can occur, creating 

acute injury risks,” explains Nigel 

Egginton, Managing Director of EBE 

Engineering. 

In addition to this immediate 

damage, water hammer often leads 

to significant follow-up costs. Unreliable 

heat transfer, disrupted control 

processes and unplanned maintenance 

all increase the operational 

burden. 

To prevent these consequences 

and reduce noise in the pipework 

over the long term, one factor is par- 


Fig. 1: One of the main causes of steam leaks is 

defective mechanical steam traps. 

 

Image: EBE Engineering 

ticularly important: condensate must be 

removed from the system reliably and 

continuously. Only under stable conditions 

with low condensate levels can 

steam transfer heat efficiently. 

Poor condensate drainage 

If condensate is not removed consistently, 

the steam system suffers in several 

ways. Heat transfer surfaces can become 

partially blocked, heat exchangers may 

flood and control loops respond more 

slowly. This impairs process control and 

increases steam demand. 

Accumulated condensate also 

increases back pressure in the system. 

The available temperature differential 

decreases, efficiency falls and the thermodynamic 

conditions become unstable. 

“In extreme cases, trapped condensate 

can reboil and cause local pressure peaks 

that stress the system and destabilise 

operation,” explains Nigel Egginton. 

There is also a materials-related 

effect: standing condensate promotes 

corrosion, especially when dissolved carbon 

dioxide forms carbonic acid. As a 

result, pipework and components age 

faster. Thermal fluctuations, pressure 

changes and material wear reinforce one 

another, further increasing the risk of 

water hammer. 

Steam traps as a key system 

component 

Steam traps play a central role in steam 

systems. They discharge the condensate 

that forms in order to maintain heat 

transfer and minimise the risk of water 

hammer. The aim must be to remove 

condensate, air and CO 2 from the system 

as quickly and completely as possible. 

A suit able steam trap should provide 

a long service life, reliable operation and 

low maintenance requirements in order 

to safeguard both operational reliability 

and efficiency in the long run. 

With mechanical traps, however, 

this function is often not guaranteed. 

“Mechanical steam traps discharge condensate 

in waves due to their opening 

and closing sealing surfaces. This intermittent 

discharge leads to a variable flow 

rate, which can cause sudden pressure 

changes and increase the risk of water 

hammer,” emphasises Nigel Egginton. 

Steam leakage is also more common 

with mechanical traps. This can cause 

pressure to rise in the condensate lines 

and ultimately leads to water hammer. 

The reason lies in the nature of the 

mechanical components. As operating 

time increases, so does wear – and with 

it the likelihood of leaks. Escaping steam 

can further aggravate pressure conditions 

in the condensate line and thereby 

increase the risk of water hammer. 

This behaviour becomes particularly 

problematic under fluctuating steam 

loads, as mechanical systems respond to 

load changes only with a delay. “Under 

variable conditions, response time and 

discharge capacity become limiting 

factors,” says Nigel Egginton, adding: 

“Frequent cycling increases wear, and 

slow response times allow condensate to 

accumulate during peak loads.” 

Defective or incorrectly sized steam 

traps worsen the problem. “Undersized 

traps cause condensate backup, while 

oversized or malfunctioning traps promote 

frequent cycling, pressure fluctuations 

and water hammer.” Under 

changing load conditions in particular, 

these effects can quickly escalate. 

Continuous discharge using the 

Venturi principle 

An alternative to conventional mechanical 

condensate drainage is continuous 


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Durability 

plant protecting, but also an important 

lever for economical steam operation. 

About EBE Engineering 

Fig. 2: In mechanical traps with free-float balls, damaged balls can be a consequence of 

water hammer. Conversely, a damaged or worn mechanical trap can impair condensate 

drainage and thereby indirectly promote water hammer. Image: EBE Engineering 

drainage using Venturi orifice steam 

traps. These systems have no moving 

parts and operate with a fixed 

opening. 

The operating principle is based 

on the different physical properties of 

steam and condensate. While steam is 

compressible and behaves differently 

under pressure, liquid condensate 

is virtually incompres sible. The Venturi 

orifice exploits these differences. 

The differential pressure across the 

nozzle automatically adjusts to the 

respective operating conditions, 

so that the condensate flow regulates 

itself. “ECOFLOW Venturi orifice 

steam traps discharge condensate 

continuously rather than in bursts,” 

explains Nigel Egginton. The result 

is a steady, stable discharge without 

pressure- related peaks. Steam leaks 

are also physically impossible with 

this design. 

This stability has a direct impact 

on plant operation. The system 

behaves more predictably, especially 

with varying load profiles or in batch 

processes. This is because higher stability 

regarding pressure improves 

heat transfer, shortens control cycles 

and makes batch times easier to 

plan. “Continuous drainage, especially 

in batch plants, stabilises conditions, 

reduces or even prevents water 

hammer completely, especially during 

restart or shutdown,” emphasises 

Nigel Egginton. 

Continuous condensate drainage 

improves operational safety, process 

stability and energy utilisation at the 

same time. Preventing water hammer 

is therefore not only a matter of 

Fig. 3: Venturi nozzle steam traps do not require any moving parts and operate with a 

fixed orifice. 

Image: EBE Engineering 

EBE Engineering GmbH, based in 

Essen, works with customers in the 

food and beverage, laundry, tyre and 

rubber manu facturing, petrochemical, 

chemical and biochemical industries. 

These customers use steam 

system solutions for a wide range of 

process engineering applications. 

With a focus on high-quality 

design and best-in-class manufacturing, 

EBE provides reliable, low-maintenance 

solutions that help users 

reduce energy costs and CO 2 emissions. 

Users also benefit from steam 

system analyses and the improvements 

that can be implemented as a 

result. 

The Author 

Alexander Stark 

Marketing Manager EBE 

EBE Engineering GmbH 

Rellinghauser Str. 334F 

45136 Essen 

+49 (0) 201 565 783 00 

de.marketing@ebe-eng.com 

www.ebe-eng.com 

Water hammer 

can have catastrophic 

effects on 

a steam system, 

including: 

• Mechanical damage: pipe ruptures, 

valve failures and damaged heat 

exchangers. 

• System inefficiencies: reduced 

steam flow, impaired heat transfer 

and increased energy waste. 

• Safety hazards: leaks of high-pressure 

steam or hot condensate, creating 

a burn hazard for personnel. 

• Operational downtime: unplanned 

maintenance, production interruptions 

and higher repair costs. 


PROCESS TECHNOLOGY&COMPONENTS 

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Energy efficiency in sugar production 

innovative cleaning technologies for deposit control 

In sugar production, heat exchangers 

and evaporators are used to 

gradually remove water from the 

juice, increasing the sugar concentration 

and preparing it for crystallization. 

During this process, organic 

and inorganic deposits such as calcium 

oxalate, silicates, and organic 

char frequently accumulate on 

equipment surfaces, reducing heat 

transfer efficiency and increasing 

energy consumption. These deposits 

must be removed regularly to 

maintain product quality, prevent 

equipment damage and ensure 

efficient plant operation. Modern 

cleaning technologies address this 

challenge by using advanced additives 

while reducing the need for 

caustic solutions and acids. 

Laboratory work in chemical research and development. 

Image: Hardy Welsch 

Sugar is one of the key raw materials 

in the global food industry and its 

production involves several thermal 

processing steps during which deposits 

can form. In particular, calcium 

salts and silicates tend to precipitate 

during evaporation. These deposits 

impair heat transfer efficiency, resulting 

in higher energy consumption 

and additional downtime for cleaning. 

The issue affects both beet sugar 

and cane sugar factories, although 

the approaches to removal differ. 

Modern surfactant–chelating formulations 

such as DEFOCLEAN ® R2 

from Levaco Chemicals support both 

approaches: they enhance chemical 

cleaning in beet sugar factories and 

improve alkaline pre-treatment in 

cane sugar plants, facilitating the subsequent 

mechanical cleaning process 

significantly. 

Beet sugar – cleaning additives 

enhance chemical cleaning 

Beet sugar factories already prevent 

deposit formation during operation 

by using anti-scaling agents such as 

DEFOSCALE ® OK. When combined 

with chemical cleaning directly after 

the production campaign, substantial 

energy savings can be achieved. 

Deposits in beet sugar factories 

often consist of calcium oxalate, 

which typically requires alkaline 

cleaning with soda additives followed 

by acidic cleaning for complete 

removal. The combination of surfactants 

and chelating agents significantly 

shortens cleaning times while 

reducing cleaning temperatures as 

well as the consumption of alkalis 

and acids. These measures improve 

overall efficiency and contribute to 

lower energy use and reduced CO 2 

emissions. 

Benefits of cleaning additives in 

beet sugar factories 

• Shorter cleaning times 

• Reduced energy consumption 

• Lower CO 2 emissions 

Cane Sugar – cleaning additives 

simplify mechanical cleaning 

Cane sugar factories experience considerably 

heavier deposit formation 

in evaporators. Depending on the 

evaporation stage within the process, 

these deposits may consist of 

different calcium salts such as phosphates, 

oxalates or aconitates. They 

are removed through regular cleaning 

procedures, which often involve 

alkaline pre-treatment followed by 

mechanical cleaning using brushes or 

high-pressure water jets. 

Mechanical cleaning inside confined 

evaporator spaces presents 

a significant safety risk, particularly 

when high-performance pressure 

washers are used. Water pressures 

of up to 1,000 bar combined with 

restricted working conditions have 

repeatedly led to serious injuries and 

even fatalities. 

Alkaline pre-treatment is designed 

to swell the deposits, making them 

easier to remove mechanically. This 

is where Levaco’s DEFOCLEAN ® R2 

makes a real difference. Thanks to 

its blend of surfactants and chelating 

agents, the additive penetrates 

deep into the deposit layers. The 

active ingredients allow the cleaning 

solution to undercut the deposits 

and detach them from the inner 

walls of the heating tubes. As a result, 

the time required for mechanical 

cleaning can be reduced drastically. 

The use of high-pressure systems 



Fig. 1: Precise laboratory work: A sample is 

prepared and analyzed under controlled 

conditions. 

Bild: Hardy Welsch 

can be minimized or in some cases, 

manual cleaning can be eliminated 

altogether. 

Benefits of cleaning additives in 

cane sugar factories 

• Maximum plant availability 

through reduced cleaning times 

• Lower energy consumption and 

CO 2 emissions 

• Reduced safety risks for personnel 

Key requirements for cleaning 

additives 

To deliver these benefits, modern 

cleaning additives must combine 

several critical performance characteristics: 

• Excellent wetting properties with 

low foaming behavior: 

Effective wetting improves contact 

between the deposits and the 

cleaning solution, enabling deeper 

penetration into the scale layers. 

At the same time, excessive foaming 

must be avoided, as foam can 

create pumping problems and 

overflow issues in closed systems. 

• Strong chelating performance 

without environmental drawbacks: 

Chelating agents help remove 

components such as calcium from 

the deposits, weakening their 

structure. However, highly persistent 

chelates such as EDTA create 

wastewater treatment challenges 

and are replaced increasingly in 

modern cleaning formulations. 

• High dispersing capability: 

Small fragments of loosened 

deposits must remain suspended 

in the cleaning solution to prevent 

redeposition. Complete dissolution 

of the deposits, which 

would require large quantities of 

chemicals, is often unnecessary. 

Loosening and dispersing the 

deposits is usually sufficient for 

effective cleaning. 

• Resistance to acids, alkalis, and 

high temperatures: 

Depending on deposit composition, 

the use of acids or alkalis 

cannot always be avoided. 

Elevated temperatures are also 

commonly required to shorten 

cleaning times. Although cleaning 

additives reduce the need for 

harsh chemicals, they must remain 

stable and effective under these 

demanding conditions. 

• Compliance with regulatory 

requirements: 

Depending on the application, 

requirements range from 

com pliance with EU chemicals 

legislation to kosher or halal certification 

for use in food production 

environments. 

Cleaning additives beyond the 

sugar industry 

Modern cleaning additives function 

as versatile all-in-one solutions. They 

can be used both as performance 

boosters in alkaline or acidic cleaning 

systems and as standalone cleaning 

solutions. This not only improves 

operational efficiency but also 

enhances workplace safety. 

Another advantage is their easy 

integration into existing cleaning processes. 

They can either supplement 

existing formulations or replace several 

individual formulation components 

altogether. The results 

are reduced water and energy use, 

shorter cleaning times and lower 

operating costs. 

To achieve the best results, plant 

maintenance teams should work 

closely with cleaning solution suppliers 

to address the specific requirements 

of their equipment and 

processes. This collaboration can 

include everything from deposit analysis 

to recommendations for optimized 

cleaning procedures. 

At the same time, plant operators 

should remain aware of the limitations 

of chemical cleaning additives. 

Extremely hard or dense deposits, 

as well as certain equipment design 

constraints, can limit additive performance 

and increase chemical 

demand. Blockages are particularly 

challenging, as they often require 

complete dissolution of the deposit, 

something that may not be achievable 

with every type of scale. 

Even under these demanding 

conditions, modern additives such 

as DEFOCLEAN ® R2 can significantly 

improve cleaning performance and 

therefore reduce cleaning times. 

Fig. 2: Laboratory technology in use: modern systems for sample analysis and processing. 

 

Image: Hardy Welsch 

Levaco Chemicals 

Johannes-Kepler-Str. 20 

51377 Leverkusen, Germany 

www.levaco.com 


21


Full speed ahead into the heating network 

Tobias Boeckh and Michael Mörixmann 

Tobias Boeckh from Continental Industrie GmbH and Michael Mörixmann (Bioconstruct) in front of the biogas plant in Melle (From left to right). 

 

Image: Continental Industrie GmbH 

“We are Bioconstruct. Here, we say 

'Moin' (a regional greeting used all 

day long).” Bioconstruct GmbH from 

Melle-Riemsloh publicly presents 

itself with a strong commitment to 

authenticity and reliability. Since its 

foundation in 2001, the owner-managed 

company has focused on sustainability 

and down-to-earth values 

in every department, from diligent 

accounting to carefully selected 

stainless steel screws. 

A prime example of this approach is 

its own biogas plant in Krukum, Melle. 

It supplies regional companies, public 

institutions and households with 

heat and electricity. These include a 

nursery, a school, several industrial 

properties and households, as well 

as the Bioconstruct GmbH company 

building. 

area of nine kilometres within three 

weeks. 

This maize silage is used to power 

the biogas plant‘s continuous annual 

operation. In accordance with legal 

requirements, up to 18,000 tons of 

renewable raw material can be processed 

each year. Around 80 tons of 

silage are fed in per day in winter, 

corresponding to a power output of 

around 1.6 megawatts. 

“Optimal preparation of the 

maize material is an essential part 

of the process. For the highest possible 

amount of energy output, the 

maize kernels within the silage must 

be broken down mechanically – 

as they proportionally contain the 

largest amount of energy-rich starch,” 

says Dirk Meyerdrees, Operations 

Manager at Bioconstruct GmbH. 

Twice a day, the delivered material 

is fed into the 60-tonne feeding 

system using a wheel loader. A push 

floor then moves the silage within 

the feed bunker before a screw conveyor 

transports it to the mixing area. 

There, the fresh silage is mixed with 

the recirculated digestate from the 

fermenter. The resulting liquid-solid 

mixture is then pumped into one 

of the two fermenters by a central 

pump. 

Each of the two bioreactors is 

6.40 meters high and 23 meters in 

diameter, resulting in a capacity of 

From delivery to gas production 

Bioconstruct relies on the efficient 

and sustainable use of renewable 

raw materials for biogas production. 

In 2024, a total of 23,000 tons of 

maize silage were ensiled, with every 

single maize plant being chopped up 

completely. The raw biomass stems 

from surrounding agricultural land 

and was collected from a catchment 

Fig. 1: The feeding unit for charging the maize silage has a capacity of 60 tons. 

 



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Fig. 2: 23,000 tons of maize silage formed the original stock for the annual operation of the biogas 

plant in Melle. 

 


2,500 cubic meters each. They each have 

six heating circuits and heat the substrate 

to 55 degrees Celsius to reach the 

thermophilic range. This ensures highyield 

fermentation. Once the fermenter 

is completely filled, the material remains 

inside for an average of around 80 days. 

Large agitators ensure that the substrate 

is evenly mixed while the produced biogas 

is temporarily collected in large double-membrane 

storage tanks for several 

hours. 

The biogas produced consists of 

52 % methane, 45 % CO 2 and a small 

amount of oxygen. It is extracted from 

the fermenter via a compressor and then 

further processed for energetic usage. A 

precise PLC system regulates the entire 

substrate flow via the pumps, thereby 

streamlining plant operations. 

By precisely calculating the subs trate 

tonnage, the production of biogas can be 

controlled to ensure maximum energy 

generation. 

“We know exactly how much gas is 

produced from a given amount of substrate. 

This enables us to supply the optimal 

quantity of renewable raw material 

on a daily basis or over a specific period, 

depending on the requirements to run 

the plant at peak performance,” says 

Meyerdrees. 

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A new blower provides 

more pressure 

Fig. 3: In front of the six-stage blower from 

Continental Industrie, which has been used for 

biogas transport since 2010 (from left: Tobias 

Boeckh and Michael Mörixmann). 


With a rise in the number of combined 

heat and power plants (CHP) in the surrounding 

villages, the demands on Bioconstruct‘s 

biogas distribution also 

increased. To efficiently feed the gas into 

the grid, more powerful blowers were 

required. 

“If the pipelines and distances 

remain unchanged while more CHP 

plants are connected, the only remaining 

option is to increase the pressure,” 

explains Tobias Boeckh, Managing Director 

of Continental Industrie GmbH in 

Dormagen. 

Until 2010, Bioconstruct relied on 

single-stage blowers, but these could 

no longer keep pace with the growing 

periphery. The solution was a six-stage 

gas transport blower, which replaced 



The plant is used more intensively in 

winter than in summer, so seasonal 

flexi bility is pre-programmed. 

Depending on the fluctuating demand 

for heat or electricity, the plant has 

sufficient room for adjustment. 

The Authors: Tobias Boeckh and 

Michael Mörixmann 

Continental Industrie GmbH 

Blower and Exhaust Fan Technology 

Dormagen, Germany 

info@continental-industrie.de 

www.continental-industrie.de 

Fig. 4: A close-up view of the six-stage blower from Continental Industrie. 

 


the single-stage blowers and met 

the increased requirements for volume 

flow and pressure. “Multi-stage 

blowers are the best way to handle 

satellite systems and increased flow 

rates,” explains Boeckh. “Recently, we 

have seen a general trend towards 

larger blowers for higher plant capacities”. 

Collaborating with Continental 

Industrie is an important part of this 

development for Bioconstruct. “Communication 

is always straightforward 

and smooth. There has been a seamless 

exchange of information and 

support for 15 years,” emphasizes 

Michael Mörixmann, Head of Design 

at Bioconstruct. 

Bioconstruct now operates two 

heating networks, supplying around 

160 to 170 properties in the surrounding 

area, including private 

households and public buildings. All 

of the biogas is used for electricity 

generation in the connected CHP 

plants. Thanks to intelligent heat utilisation, 

excess heat can be temporarily 

stored in buffer tanks or 

supplied directly to customers. 

“Farmers can use it to heat their 

farm buildings and stables – since 

the heat is produced anyway, it only 

makes sense to utilise it,” explains 

Mörixmann. 

A key factor for continuous 

energy production is the availability 

of raw materials. “You have to ensure 

a sufficient supply of renew able raw 

materials – even if this results in 

longer transport distances.” After 

fermentation, the remaining digestate 

is a nutrient-rich substrate that 

is returned to agriculture. “It can be 

separated into solid and liquid components 

to individually address the 

needs of the soil,” says Mörixmann, 

“yet another product in the value 

chain.” 

With its new blower techno logy, 

Bioconstruct is well equipped for 

future expansion. In the next stage, an 

eight-stage blower might be required 

to supply even more households with 

environmentally friendly energy. 

Biogas eliminates the risk of 

Dunkelflaute 

Biogas plants reliably generate 

electricity at all times – regardless 

of the time of day or solar radiation. 

The gas as well as the electricity output 

can be adjusted flexibly through 

targeted control of the feed. These 

adjustments take between three 

and five days from input to output 

change, and sufficient buffer storage 

is avail able at the Melle site in any 

case. Even in the unlikely event that 

there is no immediate demand from 

gas consumers, Bioconstruct can 

store the gas for up to 20 hours. 

24 years of 

Bioconstruct – 

rapid growth 

Since its foundation, Bioconstruct has 

become a leading specialist in renewable 

energies. In its first year, the 

company implemented the “Region 

Regenerativ Melle” project, combining 

wind power, biogas and photovoltaics. 

With the subsequent implementation 

of the Frotheim/Isenstedt wind 

farm (2003) and the first large 3 MW 

biogas plant in Kaarßen (2005), the 

company experienced continuous 

growth. In 2009, Bioconstruct entered 

the international market with a 6.5 

MW biogas plant in the Netherlands. 

In 2015, Bioconstruct built one of 

the largest waste-processing biogas 

plants in England (5 MW). Three years 

later, the company invested over €14 

million in a biomethane injection 

plant in Saxony-Anhalt. 

To date, Bioconstruct has implemented 

over 380 biogas projects 

worldwide, as well as numerous wind 

and solar power plants. The company 

focuses on the development of sustainable 

energy concepts. 

With around 165 employees 

backing this extensive international 

track record, Bioconstruct is now a 

leading player in the industry. 



Minimal motor heating with 

high-speed converters by SIEB & MEYER 

Cool performance in sustainable applications 

Markus Finselberger 

Innovative applications that were developed due to the energy transition also benefit greatly from multilevel technology. SD4M, for example, 

ensures a significant increase in the efficiency of rotating energy storage units (flywheel). 

Image: SIEB & MEYER AG 

Keeping the motor cool is essential 

for the operation of high-speed 

motors. These are not only the heart 

of machining centers and machine 

tools but also con tribute to the 

energy transition when used in turbo 

compressors and flywheel energy 

storage units amongst others. The 

frequency converters of the SD4x 

product family by SIEB & MEYER 

minimize converter-based motor 

losses, which results in low motor 

heating and improved system efficiency. 

Besides saving energy and 

costs, users benefit from outstanding 

manufacturing quality. 

About 90 % of the power losses 

caused by the converter occur in 

the rotor. These losses result in heat 

that can damage the motor. Due to 

the typically small rotor volume of 

high-speed motors, the temperature 

rise becomes even more problematic. 

This was precisely the challenge 

that SIEB & MEYER focused on when 

developing the SD4x product family. 

With a suitable control techno logy 

and a well thought-out topology, 

the high-speed converters of the 

Lueneburg-based high-speed experts 

enable motor currents with minimal 

harmonic frequency components. 

Compared to competitive products, 

the losses are reduced by up to 90 %, 

which also reduces motor heating 

correspondingly. The low temperatures 

in turn extend the service life 

of the ball bearings typically used in 


25


Fig. 1: The three-level technology of the SD4M series by SIEB & MEYER combined with device-dependent switching frequencies of up to 32 kHz 

ensures excellent current quality, which reduces motor losses and increases the efficiency accordingly. 

Image: SIEB & MEYER AG & Parsudi-AdobeStock-1384279135 

machining spindles and also improve 

the manufacturing quality. 

The objective: 

the perfect sine curve 

How to generate a motor current 

with the desired high quality? “To 

answer this question, it is important 

to know that all currents that 

differ from the ideal sinusoidal 

shape produce losses in the motor,” 

explained Torsten Blankenburg, CTO 

at SIEB & MEYER AG. “This part of the 

motor current is generated by the converter 

and is called ripple current. The 

ripple current overlays the sinusoidal 

motor current.” The generated ripple 

current depends on the switching frequency, 

the DC voltage of the converter 

and, above all, the motor inductance. 

Low inductances cause consider able 

ripple currents. This is especially problematic 

with high-speed synchronous 

motors, as they have inherently small 

inductances. The resulting rotor heat 

can have an enormous impact on 

rotor stability, permanent magnets 

and bearings. Particularly at high 

rated motor speeds, these problems 

become apparent. 

As a countermeasure, standard 

converters with two-level pulse width 

modulation (PWM) and low switching 

frequency are often used in combination 

with LC filters. These customized 

solutions are based on passive electronic 

components that allow either 

smoothing the switching edges of the 

output pulse pattern via dv/dt filter or 

even an approximation of sinusoidal 

motor voltages and currents. However, 

using LC filters comes with 

additional costs, increased space 

requirement, more weight as well as 

losses in efficiency. In addition, the 

prior dimensioning of the filter for 

the specific application requires time 

and flexibility. 

The solution: three-level technology 

and higher switching frequencies 

Fig. 2: With frequency converters of the SD4x family by SIEB & MEYER, users benefit from a 

significant increase in the efficiency of turbo compressors and blowers that are used e.g. for 

wastewater treatment. 

Image: SIEB & MEYER AG 

Another option is to increase the 

switching frequency for PWM. The 

rule of thumb here is that doubling 

26 GREEN EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2026


Fig. 3: Perfect sine curve: Compared to standard converters, the three-level technology combined with higher switching frequencies reduces 

the harmonic current parts (ripple current) to 10 % so that the converter-based rotor losses are significantly lower. Image: SIEB & MEYER AG 

the frequency will reduce the ripple 

current by half. There are technical 

and economical limits, though. 

On the one hand, high-frequency 

power transistors are more expensive 

for higher voltage ranges. On 

the other hand, the switching losses 

in the output stage increase drastically, 

which has a negative impact on 

the efficiency and the cooling effort. 

Apart from that, not all motors can 

cope well with increased switching 

frequencies. In some cases, especially 

with synchronous motors without 

segmented permanent magnets, 

increasing the frequency reduces the 

motor losses only marginally. 

An alternative is the threelevel 

technology as implemented, 

for example, in the SD4M by 

SIEB & MEYER. Compared to twolevel 

technology, only half the voltage 

is supplied to the power semiconductors 

of the output stages. This makes 

the use of power semiconductors for 

lower voltages possible and these 

can switch faster. The result: there 

are fewer switching losses in the 

output stage and the switching frequency 

can be increased significantly. 

At the same time, the motor is loaded 

with only 50 % of the voltage jumps 

compared to two-level technology. 

Three-level technology can reduce 

the losses generated in the rotor by 

about 75 %. Combining three-level 

technology with a higher switching 

frequency reduces the rotor losses by 

up to 90 % and, in many cases, eliminates 

the need for LC filters. 

More efficient climate-friendly 

applications 

The effects on efficiency, CO 2 

emissions and costs when using 

a SIEB & MEYER frequency converter 

become clear with the practical 

example of a wastewater 

treatment plant ventilated by turbo 

compressors or turbo blowers. This 

application is characterized by roundthe-clock 

operation of the compressors 

or blowers; 365 days a year. 

Therefore, the plant efficiency is an 

important factor and keeping the 

Fig. 4: The combination of a flywheel energy storage unit with a fast charging station contributes 

to the mobility transition in structurally weak areas. The flywheel rotor works in a 

high vacuum, which requires the lowest possible motor heating. Image: Adaptive Balancing 


27


motor heating as low as possible constitutes 

a big challenge. SIEB & MEYER 

meets these requirements with the 

SD4M and its multilevel output stage, 

which increases the efficiency of the 

turbo compressors or blowers by 

several percentage points. 

Another application example for 

the SD4M series by SIEB & MEYER is 

a solution for fast-charging stations 

in areas with a weak grid structure. 

The fast-charging station works in 

combination with a flywheel energy 

storage unit that provides the energy 

required for charging the vehicle and 

stores energy between the charging 

processes. 

The big challenge of this application 

is that the rotor of the flywheel 

works in a high vacuum. With 

the resulting high insulation effect, 

the heat can only dissipate as radiant 

heat. Moreover, this system uses 

magnetic bearings, i.e. without contact, 

so that the rotor heat cannot be 

transferred outward via the bearings. 

“That means, this system requires 

the lowest possible heating to work 

properly,” summarized Torsten 

Blankenburg. “Our frequency converters 

generate minimal heat and 

can therefore optimally support such 

applications and even make them 

possible in the first place.” 

Optimized control of IPM motors 

Another talent of the SD4x family is 

the optimized control of IPM motors. 

IPM motors make significantly higher 

demands on the frequency converter. 

For one, the current angle in dependence 

of the operating point must be 

optimally applied to the machine 

to achieve the maximum possible 

torque at each operating point. In 

addition, the frequency converter 

must consider the depen dency of the 

motor inductance on the current and 

frequency to reach optimal efficiency. 

Using special control structures, 

the SD4x frequency converters can 

accurately determine the described 

dependencies and optimally control 

them at the respective operating 

point, which results in the optimal 

torque at the lowest pos sible motor 

current. This minimizes the losses in 

the motor and converter, improves 

the energy balance and reduces CO 2 

emissions. 

SD4x: development platform for a 

future-proof device series 

Already some time ago, SIEB & MEYER 

introduced the development platform 

SD4x. On this basis, the company 

now continuously develops a 

future-proof device series. The frequency 

converters support new 

interfaces and offer a number of 

additional functions. Users benefit 

from higher speeds and from a significantly 

enhanced performance. 

Thanks to an integrated position 

controller, SD4x converters can now 

execute highly precise positionings. 

The speed and current controller 

have remained unchanged compared 

to the well-established SD2x series. 

“Our aim is to drive high-speed 

motors dynamically and with even 

less power losses,” said Blankenburg. 

“Therefore, we now support 

PWM switching frequencies of 24 and 

32 kHz.” For an even finer modulation 

of the sine-wave signal, a commutation 

angle control for 32, 48 and 

64 kHz is also integrated. The result is 

an almost optimal sine with nearly no 

harmonic currents. The power loss 

caused by the PWM can be reduced 

to a small fraction. 

“Optimized performance, higher 

speeds as well as the lower motor 

heating without sine-wave filter – 

these are substantial advantages of 

the SD4x product family,” summarized 

Blankenburg. “The enhancements 

allow optimizing the production 

quality for existing applications and, 

beyond that, exploring completely 

new fields of application.” 

SIEB & MEYER AG, Lüneburg 

Markus Finselberger 

Head of Sales Drive Technology 

Drive electronics 

info@sieb-meyer.de 

www.sieb-meyer.com 


Durability 

CTX & LUCCS Light System: 

Cooling solution for novel LED light system 

The light that remains 

Thomas Windeck 

The visible profile heat sink and the housing made of brushed aluminum turn this industrial light into a design object 

 

Image: CTX Thermal Solutions / LUCCS Light Systems 

It is certainly rare for a heat sink to 

be part of the product design. However, 

this is precisely the case with 

the lights from LUCCS Light Systems. 

The core of their LED system are 

heat sinks from CTX, furnishing the 

system with exceptional durability. 

A lot will change on the ceilings of 

industrial halls in the near future. 

Following the EU ban on T5 and 

T8 fluo rescent lamps – commonly 

referred to as “neon tubes” – in 2023, 

companies are now looking to install 

more sustainable light sources. 

Reasons for the ban are the high 

power consumption of the models as 

well as the use of toxic substances in 

their production. As far as Thorsten 

Steinig and Jürgen Nordhoff are concerned, 

the sustainability of alternative 

light sources must be considered 

on a level that reaches even further. 

Their approach: Above all, LED lighting 

systems need to be long-lasting. 

“Built for generations” is the 

slogan the fledgling LUCCS Light 

Systems company has therefore chosen 

for the “Adilia” series of lights 

they developed and are now distributing. 

The product line includes LED 

industrial lights boasting high-quality 

materials and a modular design. 

If they develop a defect, individual 

parts can easily be replaced. “After all, 

there is nothing sustainable about an 

LED system that has to be disposed 

of as a whole due to the failure of one 

singular component,” states Thorsten 

Steinig. Long service life, easy maintenance 

and an appearance that underlines 

the premium quality of the lights 

were placed front and center during 

product development. A key role in 

this regard was played by the thermal 

management of the LED lights. 

First contact at eye level 

It seems obvious that LUCCS Light 

Systems quickly found the right partner 

for their concept in CTX Thermal 

Solutions. Actually, one should say 

that it was Steinig and Nordhoff who 

found their partner, as the company 

had not yet been founded when 

design planning started. In their 

capacity as management consultants 

and electrical engineering technicians, 

the two at first only harbored 

the idea of sustainable LED lighting 

when they began their search 

for implementation partners. “We 

attached prime importance to personal 

contact,” relates Steinig. “We 

needed our counterpart to under- 


29

Durability 

Fig. 1: The profile heat sink with its fins delivers heat dissipation over 

a large surface, endowing the lights with a long service life. 

 

Image: CTX Thermal Solutions / LUCCS Light Systems 

Fig. 2: The extrusion method also allows for the manufacture of 

complex heat sink geometries at economical costs per unit. 

 

Image: CTX Thermal Solutions 

stand what we were talking about.” 

And CTX turned out to be the perfect 

partner for the topic of thermal 

manage ment. 

Aside from large corporations, 

droves of start-up businesses place 

their trust in the heat sink manufacturer 

from Nettetal in North 

Rhine-Westphalia. “Young companies 

benefit from having someone at their 

side who covers the entire supply 

chain, from development to sample 

and series production as well as logistics,” 

points out Patrick Zelenka, Sales 

Manager at CTX and in charge of 

the “Adilia” project. Thorsten Steinig 

adds: “Another crucial aspect for us 

was to find a partner who could meet 

us at eye level and help us realize our 

new concept for sustainable industrial 

lighting.” 

Heat sink as the centerpiece 

The two founders already used one 

of the initial meetings to pitch their 

concept on the basis of drawings and 

planned operating data, for which 

CTX then developed the appropriate 

cooling solution. The heat sink is 

the central component of the “Adilia” 

light. Both the LED panel and the 

parts of the housing, front and rear 

plate, are attached to it. The components 

can be replaced with ease 

thanks to the screw joint. The heat 

sink geometry consists of a base plate 

with a fin profile, allowing for natural 

convection. The cooling element was 

created from a standard profile using 

the extrusion method. During this 

process, aluminum heated to around 

500 °C is pressed through a die; the 

individual heat sinks are then cut 

down from the extruded section. The 

aluminum extruded alloy commonly 

used for this process is distinguished 

by its excellent thermal conductivity 

of approx. 210 W/mK. Thanks to this 

property and the low cost per unit, 

extrusion proved to be the ideal manufacturing 

process for the “Adilia” 

cooling solution. 

“We made the deliberate choice 

of oversizing the heat sink,” explains 

Jürgen Nordhoff of LUCCS Light Systems. 

The goal was to keep the operating 

temperature of the lights in a 

range between 40 and 50 °C, and 

thus nearly 50 percent below the 

junction temperature of LED lights. 

“The service life of the lights starts 

decreasing at 90 °C,” declares Nordhoff. 

“The cooling solution we have 

devised thus achieves a delta to this 

critical temperature range that is 

great enough to make overheating 

practically impossible.” 

Components of the lights’ design 

To allow for effortless cleaning with 

compressed air, the profile heat sink 

is housed so that it is visible and 

easily accessible through openings in 

the housing. It thus became an integral 

part of the luminaire's design, 

which is why its surface is anodized 

at CTX. Aside from harmonizing 

the appearance of the heat sink 

with the housing, this treatment also 

improves the cooling element's corrosion 

protection. 

The housing is also supplied by 

CTX. Housing technology is part of 

the manufacturer's portfolio, which 

they can – as required – design as 

protection against environmental 

Fig. 3: The fin density and the installation position can be used as a means to adjust the 

capacity of a profile heat sink. 



Durability 

Fig.4: Housing technology is an inherent fixture in CTX’s portfolio The components can be 

tailored to the customer’s specific needs in terms of function and design. 

 


influences, mechanical loads, and 

electrostatic discharge or as a solution 

that provides cooling. For this 

purpose, CTX uses manufacturing 

processes capable of producing custom 

designs, such as die casting, 

extrusion and stamping and forming 

technology. The manufacturer uses 

such finishing processes as painting, 

powder coating, anodizing or printing 

to make the housing surface robust 

and visually appealing. 

The two U-shaped profiles of the 

“Adilia” housing are created using the 

extrusion method and a forming tool 

that was developed by CTX; the surface 

is brushed and anodized. Since 

the front and rear plates of the light 

are supplied by another manufacturer, 

the development requirements 

imposed on the dimensional accuracy 

of the components as well as on 

the surface treatment were particularly 

high. “These matters required 

quite a few coordination meetings 

before the light could be unveiled 

as a seamless product that seems to 

stem from a single source and guarantees 

reliable heat dissipation at the 

same time”, recalls Zelenka. 

Time to market of only 

a few months 

The project partners succeeded in 

overcoming all development obstacles 

within an exceptionally short 

time. CTX was one of the first to be 

contacted by the founders of LUCCS 

Light Systems in October 2024. It only 

took CTX four weeks to present the 

first heat sink samples, allowing Thorsten 

Steinig and Jürgen Nordhoff to 

create the first experimental setups 

of their lights. After minor adjustments, 

which CTX implemented via 

CNC machining, the heat sink went 

into series production. It was not 

until the turn of the year that LUCCS 

Light Systems was formally founded, 

but their business took off as early as 

spring 2025 when they launched their 

“Adilia” series. 

The lights are in demand in various 

industries. They are already used 

in warehouses and in mechanical 

engineering. Delivering a light output 

of 172 lm/W, they are also found 

in work areas that require intense 

brightness, such as special purpose 

machinery manufacturing or quality 

control. Industrial woodworking is 

another area where the use of these 

LED systems is permitted. “Our effective 

cooling enables 'Adilia' lights to 

achieve a low surface temperature,” 

asserts Nordhoff. This ability is confirmed 

by the D mark and the IP50 

rating. “This means that our LED 

lights are approved for use in premises 

where flammable dust is generated.” 

Additional areas of application 

could follow, such as exhibition halls, 

office buildings, shopping arcades or 

others. As the next step, however, 

the company is focusing on expanding 

the “Adilia” series by the next 

two sizes, for which CTX is currently 

adapting heat sinks and housings. In 

addition, the sales territory is gradually 

being extended beyond the borders 

of Germany. CTX is geared up for 

these moves. “The production of the 

'Adilia' components can be ramped 

up at any time,” claims Patrick Zelenka 

of CTX. “After all, it makes sense for 

start-ups if the supplier not only has 

the ability to produce small quantities 

during the initial phase, but can also 

scale up the production if the product 

is successful.” 

The Author: 

Thomas Windeck 

Head of Sales, CTX Thermal Solutions 

Fig 5: CTX boasts a portfolio of heat sinks and manufacturing processes that can be used to 

develop cooling solutions suitable for every application requirement. 

 


CTX Thermal Solutions GmbH 

Lötscher Weg 104 

D-41334 Nettetal 

www.ctx.eu 


31


Focusing on the essentials during commissioning 

PLC diagnostic buffer 

gains an additional source of information 

Andy Carius, Nora Crocoll 

Almost every machine builder 

knows the scenario during commissioning: 

instead of performing 

loop checks and functional tests, 

or being able to start the machine, 

you first have to deal with sporadic, 

non- reproducible events in 

PROFINET communication. The 

causes are usually unclear, and the 

PLC diagnostic buffer provides no 

precise information. The typical 

workaround is to replace connectors, 

cables, or network components 

step by step. This situation is frustrating, 

time-consuming, and often 

feels like “fishing in murky waters”. 

It would be far better to have clear 

information available in order to 

quickly identify and eliminate the 

causes and then be able to fully concentrate 

on commissioning. 

It is not unusual for errors to 

occur, or become visible, during commissioning. 

This is normal and can be 

generalised graphically (the “bathtub 

effect,” Fig. 1). The fact that error frequency 

is very high at the beginning 

is not surprising whether in electrics, 

mechanics, or networking. It is to be 

expected, and an appropriate timeframe 

for transferring a machine or 

system into continuous operation 

should be planned. Problems arise 

when this period extends unexpectedly 

because sudden, non-reproducible 

effects occur in the control 

system and no structured approach 

can be applied. 

A common commissioning scenario 

unfolds as follows: after 

mechanical and electrical installation, 

hardware and software commissioning 

starts step by step, followed by 

functional testing. It becomes problematic 

when systems that have 

already been tested suddenly show 

irregularities. For example, PROFINET 

communication, normally a negligible 

element during commissioning, suddenly 

“speaks up” and fails sporadically. 

To restore operation quickly, 

the affected devices, reported as 

failed in the PLC, are declared defective 

and replaced. This often repeats 

several times until the actual cause, 

such as a defective backbone cable 

Fig. 1: The bathtub effect: at the beginning, failures occur due to various deficiencies (product, 

installation and software errors), which must be rectified with planned effort. After long 

system operation, failures increase again due to ageing and wear of components. 

 

Image: Indu-Sol 

is identified. In many cases, the software 

specialist never even reaches 

the stage of testing PLC programs 

because unexplained network disturbances 

keep occurring. Frequently, 

hand sketches (Fig. 2a+b) are used 

to trace the cause. In practice, such 

investigations can consume an entire 

working week (Fig. 2c). 

PLC provides too little 

diagnostic clarity 

The PLC usually monitors the 

PROFINET application. To determine 

the cause of device failures, 

the software specialist consults the 

PLC diagnostic buffer, which provides 

extensive information. However, in 

this context the buffer only distinguishes 

between two states: “working” 

or “not working”, or as shown in 

Fig. 3a, “green” or “red”. 

Assuming that apart from power 

loss there is no sudden, unforeseeable 

failure without warning, the 

question arises: how can a failure be 

predicted, narrowed down or better 

described? To clarify this, a deeper 

look at PROFINET communication 

is necessary. Each device requires a 

certain transmission time to deliver 

its information (update time). To 

ensure reliable transmission, communication 

provides an additional 

time buffer (watchdog time), typically 

three times the update time. If transmission 

fails even within this buffer, 

the system enters a safe state, communication 

with the device stops. 

Detectability is possible by identifying 

telegram gaps: each missed transmission 

leaves a gap at the receiver. 

By default, the PLC tolerates up 

to three gaps and therefore does not 

record them in the diagnostic buffer. 

In other words: “Everything is fine no 

irregularities.” Only more than three 

telegram gaps lead to an error state 

(loss of communication with the 



Fig. 2a+b: Hand sketches based on ePlan and diagnostic buffer data assist in fault diagnosis. 

 


device), triggered by exceeding the 

watchdog. 

Using the traffic-light metaphor, 

it becomes clear that the “yellow” 

range is missing (Fig. 3b), even 

though a parameter exists that could 

make it visible. Whenever two or 

three tele gram gaps occur, there is 

already likely to be a communication 

problem with the affected device. In 

practice, several devices are usually 

affected, to varying degrees. If the 

PLC programmer or service engineer 

also had this “yellow information” 

available in the PLC, sporadic network 

faults could be addressed more 

precisely. 

Intermediate-state data enables 

early intervention 

This is where Indu-Sol’s PROFINET 

Agent “Agent Blond” comes in (Fig. 4). 

Integrated into the network as a 

passive measuring point, it monitors 

PROFINET communication. 

Karl-Heinz Richter, Managing Director 

of Indu-Sol, explains: “Such measuring 

points (TAPs) are already installed 

in many systems. Our idea was to add 

intelligence to them so that telegram 

gaps in PROFINET communication 

can be detected per device.” Thanks 

to a GSDML file, the intelligent measuring 

point can be easily configured 

in the PLC using common engineering 

tools such as TIA Portal. 

Integration into the PLC and use 

of the diagnostic buffer ensures that 

the familiar reporting path (Fig. 5) 

remains unchanged for PLC programmers, 

service engineers and 

future maintenance staff. The product 

includes a GSDML file and a 

function block for generating cyclic 

values. It is then up to the PLC programmer 

whether to store the information 

internally, display it on the 

HMI in relation to topology, or keep 

it retrievable in the diagnostic buffer. 

This means that during commissioning, 

additional useful network 

information is available within the 

familiar PLC environment, making it 

possible to trace sporadic network 

errors. The acquisition cost is negligible; 

compared with the potential 

time lost (Fig. 2c), the product often 

pays for itself by the afternoon of the 

first day. 

Leaving the site with confidence 

Anyone who has commissioned a 

system is familiar with the uneasy 

feeling when leaving a site: faults 

were acknowledged, did not 

reoccur, and the network seemed 

stable — but no one really knew 

why. With Agent Blond installed, 

the actual state of PROFINET communication 

is clear, enabling engi- 

Fig. 2c: Finding the root cause of faults can often take an entire working week. 



33


Fig. 3a: A PLC diagnostic log only indicates “working” or “not working”. 


Fig. 3b: With the added “yellow” intermediate-state information, root causes can be rectified more quickly. 


Prepared for the future 

Fig. 4: Indu-Sol’s Agent Blond is integrated into the network as a passive measuring point to 

monitor PROFINET communication. The captured information is fed into the PLC diagnostic log. 

 


neers to focus on other projects. 

If problems arise during the warranty 

period requiring intervention, 

the available data allows for faster 

response. If the operator permits 

secure remote access to the PLC, 

issues can be identified remotely, 

enabling corrective action or ensuring 

that engineers arrive on site 

fully prepared. 

Machine builders can also offer their 

customers an additional benefit: 

throughout the entire system lifecycle, 

maintenance staff gain valuable 

insight into PROFINET quality. 

Once installed, the intelligent measuring 

point can also be expanded 

with additional Indu-Sol diagnostic 

tools, providing a significant advantage 

for reliable plant operation and 

extending fault-free runtime (horizontal 

line in Fig. 1). 

Ultimately, digitalisation can only 

progress if access to data is systematically 

enabled. Indu-Sol’s solutions 

help machine and plant builders 

structure their networks benefiting 

both commissioning and long-term 

operation. Richter concludes: “We 

are currently talking a lot about OT 

security and the necessary implementation 

of the Cyber Resilience Act 

(CRA). The basis of all these measures 

begins with knowledge of the network 

and the applications required 

for it. At present, there is a major 

shortcoming here — or conversely, a 

considerable need to catch up.” 

The Authors 

Andy Carius 

CTO at Indu-Sol GmbH 

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Nora Crocoll 

Redaktionsbüro Stutensee) 

Indu-Sol GmH, Schmölln, 

Deutschland 

info@indu-sol.com 

www.indu-sol.com 

Fig. 5: PLC diagnostic log with additional information from Agent Blond. 



Companies - Innovations - Products 

Peace of mind when buying pre-owned 

eBikes: Certified by Bosch creates trust 

in the second-hand market 

A digital Bosch certificate makes the condition of eBike systems 

transparent 

• More transparency when buying pre-owned: A digital Bosch 

certificate ‘Certified by Bosch’ shows the condition of the drive unit, 

battery and eBike system 

• Protection against counterfeiting: authenticity can be verified online 

via QR code 

• Rebike becomes first partner: eBikes with a Bosch certificate available 

from July 2026 

• Extension to specialist retailers: from the beginning of 2027, 

specialist bicycle retailers will be able to issue the certificate 

• Environmentally conscious choice: pre-owned eBikes conserve 

resources 

Pre-owned or refurbished eBikes are becoming an increasingly attractive 

option for many people. 1 However, potential buyers are often 

unsure about the condition of pre-owned models and therefore want 

more transparency for peace of mind when making a purchase decision. 

With ‘Certified by Bosch’, Bosch eBike Systems is the first manufacturer 

of eBike drive systems to create a digital certification for the 

pre-owned market. The certificate digitally displays the condition of 

the battery and drive unit of the smart system, shows important information 

about the model and confirms that the eBike has not been 

reported as stolen in the eBike Flow app. From July 2026, refurbishment 

specialist Rebike will be the first partner to certify all eBikes with 

a Bosch system and issue them with the ‘Certified by Bosch’ certificate. 

From the beginning of 2027, Bosch will also use the certificate to support 

specialist bicycle retailers in the sale of pre-owned models. 

“Our products are designed to a high quality and for a long service 

life, making them ideally suited for a second life in the pre-owned 

market. This market is important: it makes eBikes accessible to more 

people and contributes to first refurbishment partner, we are establishing 

a transparent and professional offering that provides buyers 

and sellers alike with a high level of trust,” says Claus Fleischer, CEO of 

Bosch eBike Systems. 

Certified by Bosch: clarity about battery, drive unit and 

system condition 

Anyone buying a pre-owned eBike is faced with a challenge: it is difficult 

to realiably assess the condition of the battery and drive unit 

from the outside or compared with other offerings. At the same time, 

these components significantly determine the value and thus the purchase 

price. This is precisely where ‘Certified by Bosch’ provides clarity: 

the digital certificate for the smart system records the condition of 

the battery and drive unit at the time of certification and displays it 

in an intuitive star-based rating display, with a higher number of stars 

reflecting a better condition. 2 For the battery, information such as the 

number of charge cycles and the remaining capacity in percent can 

be displayed. For the drive unit, values such as the distance already 

travelled and the power used so far are included in the rating. The 

certificate also shows important model information such as brand, 

model year and frame number and confirms that the eBike has not 

been reported as stolen in the eBike Flow app and that there are no 

indications of tuning. By comparing the serial numbers of the battery 

and drive unit with the serial numbers displayed in Certified by Bosch, 

it is possible to ensure that the certificate actually belongs to the eBike 

being sold. To better protect eBikers against fraud, authenticity can 

also be easily checked using a QR code. 

Widespread availability: Rebike to become the first partner from July 

2026 Rebike is the first partner to rely on Certified by Bosch: refurbished 

eBikes with the Bosch certificate will initially be available in 

Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and the Netherlands from July 

2026. The certified models will be available in the Rebike online shop, 

in the company's own stores, on partner marketplaces and in selected 

shop-in-shop areas at Decathlon. Belgium, Spain, Italy and other 

European markets are also set to follow. 

“Our customers appreciate the security we offer as a professional provider 

when buying a refurbished eBike. In addition to our own services, 

such as our TÜV-certified Premium Refurbishment Programme and 

the two-year Rebike warranty on the motor and battery, with Certified 

by Bosch we are creating even more transparency about the condition 

of our models with the Bosch system. Together, we are strengthening 

confidence in refurbished eBikes and making the pre-owned market as 

a whole even more attractive,” says Sven Erger, COO and co-founder of 

Rebike. From 2027, Bosch eBike Systems will also be using the Bosch 

certificate to support specialist dealers in Europe with their pre-owned 

eBike sales. Digitally certified eBikes will be available at more contact 

points and the transparent second-hand market will continue to grow. 

Buying pre-owned eBikes: an environmentally conscious choice 

Buying a pre-owned eBike with a Bosch system is a conscious decision 

for the environment. Compared to the new production of a 

similar model, CO 2 and CO 2 equivalents savings of up to 208 kg can be 

achieved. 3 This corresponds to around 80% of the emissions of a new 

eBike. The reason: no new materials are required and no new components 

are manufactured.3 Buying second-hand conserves valuable 

resources and saves money. With Certified by Bosch, eBikers don't 

have to compromise on safety and transparency when buying a preowned 

bike. 

35


References 

[1] Source: ZIV market data 2025, last accessed on 15/04/2026. 

[2] The following information is displayed: certification information 

(certificate creator, creation date, certificate ID, overall star 

rating), eBike information (model, brand, model year, total distance 

and frame number), registration (confirmation that the 

eBike is not marked as stolen in the eBike Flow app. If the eBike 

is marked as stolen, a Bosch certificate will not be issued. The 

theft status is checked solely on the basis of the messages in 

the eBike Flow app. A comparison with police search databases 

or other external registers does not take place); information on 

whether components are locked and registered, the drive unit 

(product name, product code, serial number, supported distance, 

tuning detection (no certificate is issued in the case of tuning), 

star rating, potentially logged faults), the battery (product name, 

product code, serial number, number of charge cycles, remaining 

capacity in percent, star rating, potentially logged faults), the system 

and services (software status, star rating, potentially logged 

system faults); the star rating is based on Bosch's own evaluation 

criteria. 

[3] Bosch eBike Systems has considered the effects of CO 2 as well as 

other greenhouse gases and climate-relevant substances, insofar 

as these are relevant to the analysis. For ease of reading, Bosch 

eBike Systems uses CO 2 synonymously with CO 2 equivalents. The 

basis for calculating the carbon footprint of an eBike is a Trekking 

eBike with a Performance Line CX, PowerTube 500 and Kiox 300 

and a mileage of 11,000 km. The remaining 20% is made up of 

transport, packaging, recycling and use. The calculation was carried 

out by TÜV Rheinland (as of April 2024). 

Robert Bosch GmbH 

P.O. Box 10 60 50 

70049 Stuttgart, Germany 

www.bosch-ebike.com 

CVS engineering Launches 

SKL eMotion-Pack for Electric 

and Hybrid Trucks 

Electric drive solution for efficient unloading of bulk goods 

CVS engineering GmbH, based in Rheinfelden, develops and manufactures 

oil-free compressors for installation in commercial vehicles. With 

the new SKL eMotion-Pack, CVS has now collaborated with fleet operators 

to create a powerful, zero-emission compressor unit for electric 

trucks. The mobile unit is designed for unloading bulk goods such 

as construction materials, food, chemicals, and plastics – without the 

need for stationary power connections or compressed air units. The 

unit draws power from the electric truck’s battery, so no engine needs 

to be running during unloading. 

Greater kingpin load, greater swing-through clearance 

The compact design makes the SKL eMotion-Pack ideal for electric 

vehicles – not least because it maximizes the kingpin load and space 

utilization. It also takes up less space behind the cab. This allows the 

fifth-wheel coupling to be positioned flexibly to distribute the drawbar 

load optimally across the axles. “At the same time, there is sufficient 

swing-through space for the trailer, so that semi-trailers with standard 

EURO dimensions can also be used, depending on the type of truck,” 

adds Andrea Dente, the responsible Product and Sales Manager. 

Low noise level 

Additional benefits include quiet operation: Compared to diesel 

engines, the noise level during unloading is significantly lower. Another 

plus for users: The direct drive system requires neither hydraulic oil nor 

mechanical shafts, which simplifies maintenance and reduces operating 

costs. The cooling system for the SKL eMotion Pack from CVS consists 

of an efficient oil cooler for the operating oil and a compressed air 

aftercooler, particularly for temperature-sensitive goods. In addition, 

an intake filter with an integrated maintenance indicator ensures good 

air quality. Any potential overloads are prevented by a special safety 

valve and a pressure silencer with an integrated check valve. 

Read real-time data 

“The other system features are also impressively user-friendly,” adds 

Andrea Dente: “For example, power is transmitted via a flexible coupling 

between the ePTO motor and the screw compressor.” The ePTO 

(electric Power Take-Off) is a complete unit featuring a liquid-cooled, 

speed-regulated electric motor and control system. All values, such as 

temperature or torque, can be read at any time as needed. 

Easy installation on vehicles 

Installing the SKL eMotion Pack on vehicles is straightforward and is 

done directly on the chassis using specially adapted mounts. In addition, 

two compressed air outlets ensure easy and flexible unloading. 

All in all, the SKL eMotion Pack is well-suited for the growing market 

of mobile unloading of electric silo trucks whose mechanically driven 

compressor units are not compatible with electric trucks. Following the 

market launch of the SKL eMotion Pack, CVS engineering plans further 

model and functional enhancements to be able to offer the system for 

all truck brands. 

36


Key benefits at a glance 

• Suitable for all temperature-sensitive bulk and free-flowing materials 

such as food, plastics, animal feed, chemicals, or construction 

materials 

• Optimized for mounting on a truck chassis 

• Operating pressure up to 2.5 bar(g) 

• Maintenance-friendly design 

• The complete system solution with e-PTO for your electric truck. 

CVS engineering GmH 

Großmattstr. 14 

78618 Rheinfelden, Germany 

www.cvs-eng.com 

HORIBA Air Quality Monitor AP-380 

series achieves certification from 

leading international organizations 

including the U.S. EPA and the German Federal Environment Agency 

jointly with TÜV Rheinland 

HORIBA Europe GmbH (hereinafter “HORIBA”), a leading provider 

of measuring and testing solutions for a wide range of applications, 

proudly announces that the group companies AP-380 air quality monitor 

series has received type approvals from certification bodies including 

the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) jointly with TÜV 

Rheinland Energy GmbH 1 (TÜV), CSA Group Testing UK Ltd 2 (CSA Group) 

on behalf of the UK Environment Agency (EA), the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), South Korea’s National Institute of 

Environmental Research (NIER), and the State Administration for Market 

Regulation of the People’s Republic of China (SAMR). These approvals 

enable the analyzers to be sold to national and local governments, 

and other public institutions, primarily focused on Europe, Americas, 

the Middle East, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. 

The AP-380 series is now being expanded at an accelerated pace to 

further contribute to enhancing the air quality monitoring processes 

required by national and local governments and private companies in 

the course of assessing and addressing air pollution. HORIBA will continue 

to meet the diverse range of measurement needs in pursuit of a 

sustainable global environment. 

The AP-380 series air quality monitors continuously measure the concentration 

of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, 

and hydrocarbon gases at high precision ranging from ppb 3 to ppm 4 . 

In addition to ambient air monitoring, the series addresses a diverse 

range of other measurement needs, such as detecting molecular contaminants 

in environments where semiconductors, sensors, and other 

electronic parts are manufactured, as well as monitoring impurities 

during industrial gas production processes. Each gas component analyzer 

is designed to be modular to enable integration into systems 

and facilities in line with customer requirements. The analyzers are 

also equipped with user-friendly software, and all functions can be 

operated remotely from a variety of devices, thereby enhancing work 

efficiency. 

The modular design is a method of designing products by functional 

units, enabling easy replacement and customization. By adopting a 

modular design for each gas component analyzer, the AP-380 Series 

can be integrated into various systems and facilities to customize for 

stationary, wall-mounted, mobile or portable installations. 

Dr. Michael Kamphus Product Manager Air Quality says: “With more 

than 60 years of experience in air pollution monitoring equipment, 

HORIBA has consistently met its customers' demand for air quality 

monitoring. Receiving certification from the U.S. EPA, UBA and TÜV, 

and other international organization represents a major milestone 

for us as a solution provider. The European certification 5 tests conducted 

by TÜV Rheinland confirmed that the AP-380 series, is in line 

with HORIBA’s tradition of excellence and demonstrated a high level 

of stability. Notably, the APNA-380 delivered a significant performance 

improvement compared to its predecessor 6 . We will continue to contribute 

to a sustainable global environment by providing the AP-380 

series along with a diverse range of additional analysis and measurement 

solutions.” 

This certification covers models within the AP-380 Series that are 

designed to meet measurement requirements for ambient air monitoring. 

Please see the table below for details. 

Certification Body Certified Product Models 

U.S. EPA 

APNA-380 (for measuring nitrogen oxide) 

UBA and TÜV APOA-380 (for measuring ozone) 

EA and CSA Group APMA-380 (for measuring carbon monoxide) 

NIER 

APSA-380 (for measuring sulfur dioxide) 

SAMR 

APSA-380, APNA-380 

 

Image: © HORIBA 

[1] TÜV Rheinland Energy GmbH: Part of TÜV Rheinland Group, a 

leading global certification body, headquartered in Germany with 

over 150 years of history. 

[2] CSA Group Testing UK Ltd: Part of CSA Group, a leader in standards 

development and in testing, inspection and certification 

around the world. 

[3] Parts per billion. For gas components, 1 ppb indicates that 1 liter 

of the target substance is present in 1 billion liters of gas. 

[4] Parts per million. For gas components, 1 ppm indicates that 1 

liter of the target substance is present in 1 million liters of gas. 

[5] Certification name: QAL1 

37


[6] In QAL1 certification testing to EN14211:2012 and EN14211:2024, 

the relative expended uncertainty was reduced by more than 

a factor of two. For further details, please refer to the QAL1 

certificate. 

Find more information here: 

AP-Series - Air Quality Monitoring 

APNA-380 - nitrogen oxide monitor 

APOA-380 - ozone monitor 

APMA-380 - carbon monoxide monitor 

APSA-380 - sulfur dioxide monitor 

APHA-380 - hydrocarbon monitor 

HORIBA Europe GmbH 

Hans-Mess-Str. 6 

61440 Oberursel, Germany 

www.horiba.com 

Plasma solves key surface challenges 

in battery manufacturing 

Efficient surface treatment with plasma 

How can scrap rates be reduced, sensitive battery areas be cleaned 

reliably, and stable bonding and coating processes be ensured 

simultaneously? These questions, with a focus on surface quality, 

were at the heart of Plasmatreat’s booth D10 in hall 3 at The Battery 

Show Europe 2026. Plasmatreat, a Steinhagen, Germany-based 

company that specializes in developing and manufacturing atmospheric 

and low-pressure plasma systems, will showcase practical 

applications for battery production. These applications range from 

ultra-fine cleaning and activation to removing stubborn residues 

and applying functional coatings for durable bonds and corrosion 

protection. The focus is on in-line capable technologies that can 

efficiently integrate into modern production lines and solve challenges 

in the battery industry. 

Process reliability throughout the battery value chain 

The demands placed on modern battery systems continue to grow. 

Higher energy densities, more compact designs, and greater demand 

for service life and safety simultaneously put pressure on production 

processes. Throughout the entire battery value chain, reproducible, 

environmentally friendly processes, reliable adhesion and stable 

corrosion protection are becoming increasingly important. Surface 

pretreatment is emerging as a critical quality factor. 

deliver consistent results, and eliminate the need for additional chemicals 

or energy-intensive process steps. 

Atmospheric plasma as an inline-capable process solution 

At Battery Show Europe 2026, Plasmatreat presented solutions 

designed to address the challenges of battery production. In hall 3, 

booth D10, the company demonstrated current applications of atmospheric 

plasma technology for battery production, including cleaning, 

activation, and functional surface coating. 

Openair-Plasma technology operates at atmospheric pressure and 

can be integrated directly into existing production lines. Surfaces are 

treated selectively and contact-free at high process speeds. Unlike traditional 

wet chemical or primer processes, this method only requires 

compressed air and electrical power. This reduces the number of process 

steps and eliminates the need for VOC-containing chemicals. Controlled 

surface treatment is particularly important in modern battery 

designs featuring a variety of material combinations. Plastics, metals, 

and hybrid materials can be prepared specifically for subsequent processes. 

This treatment improves surface wettability and creates stable 

conditions for bonding, sealing, and coating processes. 

Specific applications of plasma 

Applications range from cell treatments and pre-cleaning of battery 

cells before electrical insulation via foiling to activation during cellto-cell 

bonding and reliable cleaning of contact and connection surfaces. 

Furthermore, plasma technology opens up new possibilities for 

alternative insulation concepts. For instance, coatings for cell insulation 

can be applied directly to replace traditional foil wrapping, making 

processes more efficient. At booth D10 in hall 3, Plasmatreat demonstrated 

automated, selective plasma processes on prismatic and 

cylindrical battery cells. 

In addition to traditional surface activation, Plasmatreat showcased 

HydroPlasma applications at the trade show. This process was specifically 

developed for challenging cleaning tasks and is ideal for removing 

electrolyte residues or particulate contaminants from sensitive components. 

The advantage lies in its ability to clean effectively while gently 

treating materials. Even sensitive surfaces can be cleaned in line without 

the use of additional chemical cleaning agents. For battery manufacturers, 

this means less rework, lower scrap rates, and more stable 

downstream processes. 

Invisible contaminants or residues on surfaces can be particularly problematic. 

Even the slightest particulate contamination, oil, release agent, 

electrolyte residue, or organic contaminant can negatively affect bonding, 

sealing, or coating processes, potentially leading to delamination, 

corrosion, or scrap. In highly automated production lines especially, 

the reproducibility of such processes becomes a decisive factor. 

Defects often only become apparent in later manufacturing steps or 

during operation, resulting in high costs. Therefore, many OEMs and 

battery manufacturers are looking for technologies that can be integrated 

into production lines, provide process control and reporting, 

Cleaning of battery cells prior to coating or film wrapping before thermal insulation. 

 

Image: © Plasmatreat GmbH 

38


Corrosion protection and durable bonds 

Another highlight of the booth was the PlasmaPlus AntiCorr coating, 

which provides selective corrosion protection for metal components 

and battery housings. This dry, inline-compatible process is an alternative 

to traditional methods, such as waxing or electroplating, and 

it requires no chemical baths or additional drying steps. The ultrathin 

coating reliably protects against crevice corrosion and is ideal for 

battery housings and structural bonding applications. The process has 

been extensively tested and passed standard environmental and salt 

spray tests such as PV1209 and MeKo-S. 

Focus on industrial feasibility 

The primary focus is on industrial application, in addition to the technology 

itself. Plasmatreat accomplishes this by combining a wide range 

of control, regulation, and monitoring functions to ensure consistently 

high quality and reproducibility in plasma treatment. The systems are 

designed for automated production environments and can be flexibly 

integrated into existing lines. Plasmatreat's portfolio is complemented 

by global service and application expertise. With international locations 

and application-specific process development, Plasmatreat supports 

battery manufacturers worldwide, from feasibility analysis to 

series integration. 

“The demands of battery production are constantly rising. At the 

same time, manufacturers expect cost-effective, sustainable solutions 

that can be reliably integrated into existing processes,” explains 

Lukas Buske, Plasmatreat’s managing director. “This is precisely where 

modern plasma processes create real added value—from cleaning and 

activation to functional coating.” 

Plasmatreat GmbH 

Queller Str. 76-80 

33803 Steinhagen, Germany 

www.plasmatreat.com 

Index of Advertisers 

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN GmbH page 40 

EIRICH Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich GmbH & Co KG page 15 

FILTECH Exhibitions Germany page 17 

Hammelmann GmbH page 11 

ElringKlinger Kunststofftechnik GmbH page 23 

Getriebebau NORD GmbH & Co KG 

Cover page 

39

Brand name register 

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN GmbH 

Stäblistr. 8 

81477 München/Germany 

Phone: +49 (0)89 78049-0 

Fax: +49 (0)89 78049-167 

E-mail: industrie@bauer-kompressoren.de 

Website: www.bauer-kompressoren.de 

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN is one of the leading 

manufacturers of medium and high-pressure system 

for the compression of air and gases worldwide. 

- Medium and high-pressure compressors 

- 25 – 500 bar, 2.2 – 315 kW 

- Air and gas treatment 

- Storage systems 

- Air and gas distribution 

- Gas measurement systems 

- Controls 

For current trade fairs please visit: 

www.bauer-kompressoren.de/ 

news-events/trade-show-dates/ 

Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich 

GmbH & Co KG 

Walldürner Str. 50 

74736 Hardheim/Germany 

Phone: +49 6283 51-0 

Fax: +49 6283 51-325 

E-mail: eirich@eirich.de 

Website: www.eirich.de 

Delivery program: 

As a leading manufacturer of machines and systems, 

Eirich has been pioneering advanced technologies 

for mixing, granulating, dispersing and more since 

1863. “Eirich digital” also offers numerous services, 

from smart spare parts systems to AI-based process 

analysis. 

For current trade fairs, please visit 

our homepage: 

www.eirich.de/de/ 

ElringKlinger Kunststofftechnik GmbH 

Etzelstr. 10 

74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen/Germany 

Phone: +49 7142 583-712 

E-mail: 

hydrogen.ekt@elringklinger.com 

Website: 

https://www.elringklingerengineered-plastics.com/applications/ 

hydrogen 

The product portfolio contains a wide range of 

materials and components for PtX applications – 

from electrolysis to mobile use. Innovative 

H2-Enginering-Solutions, such as large-scale gaskets 

up to 3 m Ø, bellows, pipes and tubes, spring 

energized seals, guide rings, ElroSeal Rotary Shaft 

Seal etc. 

For exhibition-participation 

please visit our homepage 

https://www.elringklingerengineered-plastics.com/newsroom/ 

events 

Hammelmann GmbH 

Carl-Zeiss-Str. 6–8 

59302 Oelde/Germany 

Phone: +49 (0)2522 76-0 

E-mail: mail@hammelmann.de 

Website: www.hammelmann.de 

High-pressure plunger pumps 

Process pumps 

Sewer cleaning pumps 

Mining pumps (deep mining industry) 

Hot water appliances 

Operating pressure up to 4,500 bar 

Flow rate up to 4,250 l/min 

Applications systems for cleaning, removing, 

cutting, coating removal, decorning, deburring 

with high pressure water 

Worldwide participations in trade 

fairs,for current trade fairs, please 

visit our homepage: 

www.hammelmann.com 

We are looking forward to your visit! 

40

Come and see for yourself: 

www.harnisch.com 

Perfectly 

positioned. 

The international specialist magazines from Dr. Harnisch Publications 

In addition to the haptic charm of 

classic print magazines, we also 

offer newsletters, news, events and 

subscriptions on our magazine 

websites in addition to the digital 

editions that can be read free of charge. 

Take a look at www.harnisch.com 

for all relevant content. 

Our publications include: 

- Technology & Marketing -


Eschenstraße 25 

90441 Nuremberg, Germany 

Phone + 49 (0) 911 2018-0 

Fax + 49 (0) 911 2018-100 

E-Mail GET@harnisch.com 

Internet www.harnisch.com 

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