GREEN SEED COAT COLOUR RETENTION IN LENTIL - University ...

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analysis. The system assigns a grade for green lentil that is 95 percent consistent with the grade assigned by CGC inspectors. The system used a scanned sample image that was 512 pixels × 512 pixels with a resolution of 100 dots per inch (Shahin and Symons, 2001a). The system was also able to identify different varieties of lentil with reasonable accuracy (Table 2.3). The sizing ability of the image analysis software employed was within 0.2 mm of the actual seed size for lentils. One drawback that was identified by Shahin and Symons (2001b) was that peeled or split lentils may skew the colour data that were analyzed by the system. These off colours affected the mean colour of the sample and could cause the system to misclassify the sample and place it into the wrong colour category. Shahin and Symons (2001b) used three colour categories to classify colour. One category received most of the incorrect classifications, due to the split and peeled lentils. It is expected that the larger the number of colour categories, the larger the error will be, unless the system is able to identify split or peeled lentils or if the operator was to manually remove these from the sample before analysis. Table 2.3 Estimates for the accuracy of the Hinz Automation system at identifying different lentil market classes and varieties (Shahin and Symons, 2002). Actual Variety Percent Predicted Variety Laird Richlea Eston Crimson CDC Redwing Laird 98.5 1.5 0 0 0 Richlea 3.3 96.7 0 0 0 Eston 0 0 100 0 0 Crimson 0 0 0 100 0 CDC Redwing 0 0 0 0 100 12
2.4 Perceived seed colour in green lentil There are two factors that determine the perceived colour of the seed: seed coat colour and cotyledon colour. The main cotyledon colours of lentil are orange, green, and yellow. Seed coat colours include black, brown, gray, light green, and tan (Vandenberg and Slinkard, 1990). It is also known that cotyledon colour may affect the seed coat colour in lentil (Emami and Sharma, 2000). The inner surface of the seed coat may be either brown or green depending on the colour of the cotyledons. This shows that the coloured pigment in the cotyledon can be absorbed by the seed coat tissue, thereby affecting its appearance. If the seed coat tissue does not develop a colour separately from the cotyledon, the cotyledon colour may stain the inside of the seed coat. The tan seed coat may have a green hue due to the leaching of the colour out of the cotyledons (Emami and Sharma, 2000). This has a smaller effect on perceived colour than the colour produced genetically. When green cotyledon is combined with green seed coat colour the resulting seed may appear to be a darker ‘green’ than if the cotyledon was yellow in colour. The colour perceived in green lentil is due to the colour of the seed coat and to some extent the cotyledon colour. The seed coat is green while the cotyledons are yellow in colour. As seed colour becomes less desirable in green lentil it goes from green to yellow in colour. The Canadian green lentil grading system is based upon the visible colour which is mostly due to the colour of the seed coat. Crops like canola and green pea have grading systems based upon the cotyledon colour. Green lentil also has differences in seed coat colour because of darkening of the seed coat, a major source of quality loss in storage. To reduce darkening, storage should be 13
Page 1 and 2: GREEN SEED COAT COLOUR RETENTION IN
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT Poor seed coat colour desi
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would l
Page 7 and 8: 7.2 Maturity and Index Score ......
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.13 Acurum index score, tota
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Green lentil has b
Page 13 and 14: example canola. In wheat it is used
Page 15 and 16: carbohydrate, and micronutrient req
Page 17 and 18: It would also be useful for lentil
Page 19 and 20: process and categorize the data int
Page 21: Table 2.2 Descriptions of the colou
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 Cotyledon chlorophyll degradati
Page 27 and 28: temperatures. The more enzyme activ
Page 29 and 30: the seed produces bleached seeds wi
Page 31 and 32: correlation between seed weight in
Page 33 and 34: used widely as a desiccant is that
Page 35 and 36: prevailing winds. A problem that oc
Page 37 and 38: and the higher the heritability est
Page 39 and 40: 4.1 Heritability Study Objectives 4
Page 41 and 42: Plant material for the study includ
Page 43 and 44: Table 4.4 Herbicide and desiccant a
Page 45 and 46: was a=0.05. The heritability was ca
Page 47 and 48: during the time taken to remove the
Page 49 and 50: normally distributed data. In 2006
Page 51 and 52: location and year explained a large
Page 53 and 54: The tester set that was included in
Page 55 and 56: etween field and phytotron index sc
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.10 shows the mean index sco
Page 59 and 60: Sutherland in 2005 produced the mos
Page 61 and 62: Table 4.12 Effect of changing the n
Page 63 and 64: wrinkling as sound seeds. It is dif
Page 65 and 66: negative relationship. The regressi
Page 67 and 68: Chlorophyll b content (mg/g) 120 10
Page 69 and 70: 1994). It is important to note howe
Page 71 and 72: estimates of which lines produced t
Page 73 and 74:
in both years to produce two differ
Page 75 and 76:
At the time of desiccation or swath
Page 77 and 78:
a significant genotype x environmen
Page 79 and 80:
Table 5.7 Mean green index score of
Page 81 and 82:
All three groups for both desiccati
Page 83 and 84:
index score was not equal for each
Page 85 and 86:
Alternatively, the samples had less
Page 87 and 88:
sclerotinia white mold (Sclerotinia
Page 89 and 90:
6.0 GENERAL DISCUSSION Knowing whic
Page 91 and 92:
The Acurum ® machine has some pote
Page 93 and 94:
process. If small gains in desirabi
Page 95 and 96:
for more efficient selection sooner
Page 97 and 98:
8.0 REFERENCES AAFC. 2007. Agricult
Page 99 and 100:
Guiamét, J.J., E. Schwartz, E. Pic
Page 101 and 102:
Shearer, S.A., G.M. Turner, M. Coll
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GREEN SEED COAT COLOUR RETENTION IN LENTIL - University ...

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