GREEN SEED COAT COLOUR RETENTION IN LENTIL - University ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PERMISSION TO USE ..............................................................................................i ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................ix 1.0 <strong>IN</strong>TRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................... 4 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Lentil (Lens culinaris) .............................................................................. 4 2.1.2 Canadian Lentil ........................................................................................ 5 2.2 Canadian lentil grading system ....................................................................... 6 2.3 How the human eye works and instrumental colour determination................ 7 2.4 Perceived seed colour in green lentil............................................................. 13 2.5 Colour in soybean (Glycine max) tissue........................................................ 14 2.6 Cotyledon chlorophyll degradation in Brassica spp. .................................... 15 2.7 Bleaching of green colour in field pea .......................................................... 18 2.8 Desiccation and Swathing in Lentil Production ............................................ 21 2.8.1 Desiccants............................................................................................... 21 2.8.1.1 Mode of action................................................................................. 23 2.8.2 Swathing................................................................................................. 23 2.8.2.1 Proper swathing and desiccation timing for lentil........................... 24 2.8.2.2 Windrowing and desiccating in other crops .................................... 25 2.9 Heritability..................................................................................................... 26 3.0 OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................... 28 4.0 HERITABILITY STUDY................................................................................. 29 4.1 Heritability Study Objectives ........................................................................ 29 4.2 Materials and Methods .................................................................................. 29 4.2.1 Experimental Setup ............................................................................... 29 4.2.2 Chlorophyll Extractions.......................................................................... 35 4.3 Results and Discussion.................................................................................. 38 4.3.1 Heritability Study ................................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Chlorophyll Extractions.......................................................................... 53 4.4 Conclusion..................................................................................................... 60 5.0 DESICCATION STUDY .................................................................................. 62 5.1 Desiccation Study Objectives........................................................................ 62 5.2 Materials and Methods .................................................................................. 62 5.3 Results and Discussion.................................................................................. 66 5.3.1 ANOVA for 2005 and 2006 ................................................................... 66 5.3.2 Maturity .................................................................................................. 73 5.4 Conclusion..................................................................................................... 77 6.0 GENERAL DISCUSSION................................................................................ 79 7.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 82 7.1 Recommendations for Selection.................................................................... 82 v
7.2 Maturity and Index Score .............................................................................. 83 7.3 Recommendations for future research........................................................... 84 8.0 REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 87 9.0 APPENDIX A ................................................................................................... 92 vi
Page 1 and 2: GREEN SEED COAT COLOUR RETENTION IN
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT Poor seed coat colour desi
Page 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would l
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.13 Acurum index score, tota
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Green lentil has b
Page 13 and 14: example canola. In wheat it is used
Page 15 and 16: carbohydrate, and micronutrient req
Page 17 and 18: It would also be useful for lentil
Page 19 and 20: process and categorize the data int
Page 21 and 22: Table 2.2 Descriptions of the colou
Page 23 and 24: 2.4 Perceived seed colour in green
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 Cotyledon chlorophyll degradati
Page 27 and 28: temperatures. The more enzyme activ
Page 29 and 30: the seed produces bleached seeds wi
Page 31 and 32: correlation between seed weight in
Page 33 and 34: used widely as a desiccant is that
Page 35 and 36: prevailing winds. A problem that oc
Page 37 and 38: and the higher the heritability est
Page 39 and 40: 4.1 Heritability Study Objectives 4
Page 41 and 42: Plant material for the study includ
Page 43 and 44: Table 4.4 Herbicide and desiccant a
Page 45 and 46: was a=0.05. The heritability was ca
Page 47 and 48: during the time taken to remove the
Page 49 and 50: normally distributed data. In 2006
Page 51 and 52: location and year explained a large
Page 53 and 54: The tester set that was included in
Page 55 and 56: etween field and phytotron index sc
Page 57 and 58:
Table 4.10 shows the mean index sco
Page 59 and 60:
Sutherland in 2005 produced the mos
Page 61 and 62:
Table 4.12 Effect of changing the n
Page 63 and 64:
wrinkling as sound seeds. It is dif
Page 65 and 66:
negative relationship. The regressi
Page 67 and 68:
Chlorophyll b content (mg/g) 120 10
Page 69 and 70:
1994). It is important to note howe
Page 71 and 72:
estimates of which lines produced t
Page 73 and 74:
in both years to produce two differ
Page 75 and 76:
At the time of desiccation or swath
Page 77 and 78:
a significant genotype x environmen
Page 79 and 80:
Table 5.7 Mean green index score of
Page 81 and 82:
All three groups for both desiccati
Page 83 and 84:
index score was not equal for each
Page 85 and 86:
Alternatively, the samples had less
Page 87 and 88:
sclerotinia white mold (Sclerotinia
Page 89 and 90:
6.0 GENERAL DISCUSSION Knowing whic
Page 91 and 92:
The Acurum ® machine has some pote
Page 93 and 94:
process. If small gains in desirabi
Page 95 and 96:
for more efficient selection sooner
Page 97 and 98:
8.0 REFERENCES AAFC. 2007. Agricult
Page 99 and 100:
Guiamét, J.J., E. Schwartz, E. Pic
Page 101 and 102:
Shearer, S.A., G.M. Turner, M. Coll
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