School of Graduate Study Department of Chemical Engineering

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FFSF or FF-SPC Preconditioning and feeding Extrusion Cooking Operating Conditions:- T=140 0 C P = 4 bar SS = 120 rpm - 30 - At 40 0 C and 30% RH over night Drying Wet Extrudates Figure 3.6 Extrusion-cooking process flow diagram Packed Extrudats Dried Extrudates Packing
3.4.2.3.3 Specific Mechanical Energy (kj/kg) The SME was calculated using the equation [3.3] below. The values of the torque, screw speed could be read from the control panel and the throughput and motor power are determined as described in sections 4.4.2.1 and 4.4.2.2 above (Sharma et al., 2000. Parker et al., 1999). = %Torque SS x x 100 SS Max Motorpower( kw) Throughput( kg / s) Where SS = screw speed, SS max = Maximum screw speed given by the manufacturer (682 rpm), % Torque = is read directly from control panel (4 bar and that is 66% of the maximum torque that can be acquired by the machine) 3.4.2.3.4. Determination of Specific heat capacity and final moisture content of the extrudates The amount of water lost when the extrudates appear at the die and their final moisture content as they come out of the extruder can be calculated from the material and energy balance on the extruder and after calculating the specific heat capacity of the raw materials and the extrudates (Sharma et al., 2000). The specific heat capacity of the FFSF and FF-SPC can be calculated using the result of their proximate analysis. The specific heat capacity of each FFSF and FF-SPC of both Clark 63K and SCS 1 was calculated using eqn. [3.4] C p = i i X ∑ C . [3.4] Where, Ci = is the specific heat capacity of each component (Carbohydrate, protein, fat, etc…), Xi = is the percentage proportion of each component in that specific material. Then, the specific heat capacity of the extrudates of each raw material was calculated as per the eqn. [3.5] C p pw p i 31 [3.3] = C . M + C , ( 1− M ) [3.5] Where, Cpw =Specific heat of water (4.2 KJ/Kg 0 C), Cp,ffsf = Specific heat capacity of full fat soy flour (FFSF), or full fat soy protein concentrate (FF-SPC), M = moisture content of the paste (weight fraction).
Page 1 and 2: Addis Ababa University School of Gr
Page 3 and 4: Dedicated to my dear father iii
Page 5 and 6: Abstract Soybean (Glycine max L.) v
Page 7 and 8: 3.2.1 Materials 23 3.2.2 Equipment
Page 9 and 10: Table No. List of Tables Titles Pag
Page 11 and 12: List of Abbreviations AACC Approved
Page 13 and 14: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 15 and 16: extruded full fat SPC and extruded
Page 17 and 18: 2.2 Processed soybean products The
Page 19 and 20: Soy protein concentrate is the prod
Page 21 and 22: c) Hot Water Leaching Process Prote
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 2.2 Screw configuration of Twi
Page 25 and 26: Oil and Fats The level of applied s
Page 27 and 28: Soy protein has been identified as
Page 29 and 30: Characteristic While texturizing th
Page 31 and 32: c) Seed Density Seed density is a c
Page 33 and 34: properties of extruded polymeric me
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 Material and Methods 3.1
Page 37 and 38: 3.4.1.2 Full fat soy flour (FFSF) T
Page 39 and 40: Impurities Cracking (Decorticator)
Page 41: ⎛ M ⎞ f − M i W = R⎜ ⎟
Page 45 and 46: 3.4.3Analytical Methods 3.4.3.1 Pro
Page 47 and 48: 3.4.3.2 Determination of physicoche
Page 49 and 50: centrifuge type UJ III Germany 1972
Page 51 and 52: hundred seed mass of locally grown
Page 53 and 54: 4.3 Changes during extrusion cookin
Page 55 and 56: 4.3.2 Extrusion Cooking of Full fat
Page 57 and 58: viscosity of the melt (Kebede, 2006
Page 59 and 60: similar for all products of the two
Page 61 and 62: 4.4.2 Protein Fig.4.5 Comparison of
Page 63 and 64: 4.4.4 Crude fiber The crude fiber o
Page 65 and 66: al., (2005). According to Onimawo e
Page 67 and 68: On the other hand the WAI value of
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.9 Water absorption and wate
Page 71 and 72: OAC [gm/gm] 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Oil a
Page 73 and 74: EA [%] ES [%] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 6
Page 75 and 76: Cultivar Sample type Clark 63K SCS
Page 77 and 78: 5. Suggested technology for product
Page 79 and 80: Material Balance on from cleaning t
Page 81 and 82: • Feed temperature = 20 0 C • H
Page 83 and 84: Annual operation consumption In put
Page 85 and 86: 5.3 Plant capacity and Production p
Page 87 and 88: 5.4.3 Manpower requirement The tota
Page 89 and 90: 5.5.3 Determination of unit product
Page 91 and 92: 6. Conclusion and Recommendation 6.
Page 93 and 94:
6. Application of FFSF and FF-SPC f
Page 95 and 96:
Bishnosi, S., and Khetarpaul, N.,19
Page 97 and 98:
Harper, J.M. 1992. Extrusion proces
Page 99 and 100:
Peters, M.S., and Timerhause, K.D.,
Page 101 and 102:
Appendices Appendix A: Annual Main
Page 103 and 104:
Appendix B Annual utilities require
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School of Graduate Study Department of Chemical Engineering

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