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Coral Reef MPA and Conservation program in Japan - ICRI's East ...

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<strong>Coral</strong> <strong>Reef</strong> <strong>MPA</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>program</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>Japan</strong><br />

ARAMAKI Marisa<br />

M<strong>in</strong>istry of the Environment, JAPAN<br />

The International <strong>Coral</strong> <strong>Reef</strong> <strong>MPA</strong> Network Meet<strong>in</strong>g/<br />

5 th ICRI <strong>East</strong> Asia Regional Workshop(8-11,Dec.2009)


Citation)<br />

Overview of <strong>Coral</strong> & <strong>Coral</strong> reefs of JAPAN<br />

・The Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> Survey was conducted to <strong>in</strong>vestigate<br />

distribution of coral <strong>and</strong> coral reef from 1990 to 1992, <strong>and</strong> produced the<br />

distribution map of coral reef<br />

Regional<br />

Name<br />

Shizen Kankyo Hozen Kiso Chosa (The 4 th<br />

Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> Survey),1994<br />

Kaiiki Seibutu Kankyo Chosa Houkokusho<br />

(The Environment Research Report on Life<br />

<strong>in</strong> Ocean Area) Vol. 3 <strong>Coral</strong> reef<br />

<strong>Coral</strong><br />

communities(ha)<br />

<strong>Coral</strong> reef(ha)<br />

Kagoshima<br />

<strong>Coral</strong> reef Area<br />

Ok<strong>in</strong>awa<br />

5,951.2<br />

28,235.0<br />

18,412.7<br />

77,610.6<br />

Non-<strong>Coral</strong> reef Area<br />

1,409.3 -<br />

Total<br />

35,595.5 96,023.3<br />

Sekisei<br />

Lagoon<br />

Kerama<br />

Isl<strong>and</strong>s<br />

Tokara Isl<strong>and</strong>s<br />

Yabiji<br />

Amakusa<br />

Isl<strong>and</strong>s<br />

Iki<br />

around Ok<strong>in</strong>awa Isl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>Coral</strong> Distribution<br />

Tateyama<br />

around Kushimoto<br />

Ashizuri Promontory<br />

Ogasawara<br />

Isl<strong>and</strong>s


<strong>Conservation</strong> Area for <strong>Coral</strong> & <strong>Coral</strong> reef<br />

(adm<strong>in</strong>istrated by M<strong>in</strong>istry of the Environment, <strong>Japan</strong>)<br />

<strong>Coral</strong> reef area<br />

(<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g<br />

conservation<br />

areas w here is<br />

not subject to<br />

<strong>Coral</strong>)<br />

Non-<strong>Coral</strong> reef<br />

area<br />

Name of <strong>Conservation</strong> Area Number of Site Area(ha)<br />

National /<br />

Quasi-National Park<br />

(Mar<strong>in</strong>e Park Site)<br />

16 sites 2362.5<br />

Nature <strong>Conservation</strong> Area 1 area 12<br />

Government Designated<br />

Wildlife Protecton Area<br />

(Special Protection Area)<br />

National /<br />

Quasi-National Park<br />

(Mar<strong>in</strong>e Park area)<br />

Total<br />

3 sites 1216<br />

36 areas 848<br />

Designated Wetl<strong>and</strong>s under the Ramsar Convention:<br />

Manko Lake (River mouth tidal flat <strong>in</strong> coral reef area)<br />

Kerama Isl<strong>and</strong>s area (<strong>Coral</strong> reef)<br />

Nagura Anparu (Mangrove forest <strong>in</strong> coral reef area)<br />

Kushimoto Coastal Sea Area (<strong>Coral</strong> communities <strong>in</strong> non-coral reef area)<br />

56 4438.5<br />

※ Ogasawara mar<strong>in</strong>e park site was enlarged more than 300ha s<strong>in</strong>ce last meet<strong>in</strong>g.


<strong>Conservation</strong> Area for <strong>Coral</strong> & <strong>Coral</strong> reef<br />

Location Diagram<br />

(adm<strong>in</strong>istrated by M<strong>in</strong>istry of the Environment, <strong>Japan</strong>)<br />

National /<br />

Quasi-National Park<br />

(Mar<strong>in</strong>e Park site)<br />

Nature <strong>Conservation</strong><br />

Area<br />

Government Designated<br />

Wildlife Protection Area<br />

(Special Protection<br />

Area)<br />

As of March 31, 2008


Characteristics <strong>and</strong> Uniqueness of <strong>MPA</strong><br />

Development <strong>and</strong> Management<br />

� National Parks <strong>and</strong> Quasi-National Parks based on Natural<br />

Parks Law are one of ma<strong>in</strong> systems of <strong>MPA</strong>.<br />

� The Natural Parks Law was revised <strong>in</strong> June 2009.<br />

Po<strong>in</strong>t of Revision of the Law related Mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> Coastal <strong>Conservation</strong><br />

� Add “Biodiversity <strong>Conservation</strong>” at the Law’s Objectives<br />

� Expansion of Scope of Mar<strong>in</strong>e Park Site<br />

tidal l<strong>and</strong>,<br />

rock reef<br />

before After the revision<br />

Under<br />

Water<br />

above<br />

sea level<br />

� Add tourism use control system at Mar<strong>in</strong>e Park Site<br />

※ Revised Natural Parks Law will go <strong>in</strong>to force until June 2010.


� Nature Restoration Committee with participation of<br />

local people, NGOs, experts, etc..<br />

� Detailed survey <strong>and</strong> monitor<strong>in</strong>g<br />

� Restoration of coral reef communities (Transplant<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>duction of implantation of coral larva <strong>in</strong> a<br />

equipment)<br />

� Reduction of environmental burden from l<strong>and</strong> area<br />

� Public awareness<br />

Best practices on <strong>MPA</strong>s<br />

~Sekisei Lagoon~<br />

monitor<strong>in</strong>g Environment Education


Survey of the natural environment (2002-2004)<br />

・Water temperature<br />

・<strong>Coral</strong> cover<br />

・Bleach<strong>in</strong>g<br />

・Red clay pollution<br />

・Acanthaster


Shiretoko World Heritage (reference)<br />

○ formulate an <strong>in</strong>tegrated mar<strong>in</strong>e<br />

management plan <strong>in</strong> order to keep<br />

ensur<strong>in</strong>g both the conservation of<br />

mar<strong>in</strong>e ecosystem <strong>and</strong> the proper<br />

use of the area for human activities<br />

<strong>in</strong> the future<br />

○The mar<strong>in</strong>e area of the heritage site<br />

that extends up to 3km from the<br />

coastl<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

the conservation of mar<strong>in</strong>e<br />

environment <strong>and</strong> mar<strong>in</strong>e<br />

ecosystem<br />

Coexistence<br />

stable fisheries<br />

Shiretoko World Heritage Site


Potential Ecological <strong>MPA</strong> networks<br />

� <strong>Japan</strong> has 56 sites of<br />

core <strong>MPA</strong> adm<strong>in</strong>istrated<br />

by MoE, JAPAN<br />

� We need more <strong>in</strong>formation<br />

of potential <strong>MPA</strong> areas on<br />

the basis of CBD scientific<br />

guidance (Decision Ⅸ/20<br />

annexⅡ)<br />

� Social networks are also<br />

important.<br />

Non-<strong>Coral</strong><br />

<strong>Reef</strong> Area<br />

<strong>Coral</strong> <strong>Reef</strong><br />

Area


Areas that are advanced <strong>in</strong> <strong>MPA</strong>s <strong>and</strong><br />

could share experiences <strong>and</strong> knowledge<br />

with other countries<br />

� <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>and</strong> restoration efforts with<br />

participation of many k<strong>in</strong>d of stakeholders.<br />

(Sekisei Lagoon, Tatsukushi mar<strong>in</strong>e park, etc)<br />

� There are many community-based challenges<br />

to conserve important coral reef areas such as<br />

� Control of tourism use by mak<strong>in</strong>g rules<br />

• sea turtle tour rule at Yakushima<br />

• plann<strong>in</strong>g control of numbers of diver<br />

at Kerama area.<br />

� Exterm<strong>in</strong>ation of Acanthaster


Areas that need further efforts <strong>and</strong>/or<br />

seek<strong>in</strong>g external assistance <strong>in</strong> <strong>MPA</strong>s<br />

� Clarify the total shape of <strong>MPA</strong>s with resource<br />

management systems or “other effective<br />

means, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g custom”.<br />

� Gap Analysis to implement establishment of<br />

<strong>MPA</strong>s.<br />

�Build more partnerships with other sectors.<br />

(social network <strong>in</strong> national level.)<br />

ex) fishery, farm l<strong>and</strong> adm<strong>in</strong>istration,<br />

tourism, etc.


How can this ICRI regional <strong>in</strong>itiative<br />

benefit <strong>and</strong>/or l<strong>in</strong>k to national <strong>program</strong>s<br />

� Learn <strong>East</strong> Asian <strong>MPA</strong>s /<strong>MPA</strong> networks system<br />

<strong>and</strong> share the objectives or targets of the<br />

region.<br />

� Clarify the specific vision of <strong>Japan</strong>’s <strong>MPA</strong>s/<br />

<strong>MPA</strong> networks.<br />

� Strengthen the national/<strong>in</strong>ternational<br />

partnerships.


Term: Until 2010<br />

Targets of Action Plan (Draft):<br />

Future Visions<br />

Develop<strong>in</strong>g National Action Plan<br />

For <strong>Coral</strong> <strong>Reef</strong> ecosystem <strong>Conservation</strong><br />

・Strengthen systems of national & <strong>in</strong>ternational cooperation<br />

・Construction of <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>in</strong>frastructure<br />

・Implementation of appropriate use <strong>and</strong> manage of coral<br />

reef<br />

・Develop mechanism to community development by<br />

conservation of coral reef ecosystem.<br />

・<strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>and</strong> restoration of coral reef ecosystem<br />

<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g establishment of <strong>MPA</strong>s


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