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Contents Chapter I ■ Historical Roots Chapter II ■ Chapter III ■ Chapter IV ■ Zdeněk Beneš Eduard Kubů Zdeněk Beneš, Václav Kural Václav Pavlíček Václav Kural Václav Kural Václav Pavlíček Václav Pavlíček Václav Pavlíček Zdeněk Beneš René Petráš René Petráš René Petráš Zdeněk Beneš, Václav Kural Zdeněk Beneš, Václav Kural Zdeněk Beneš, Václav Kural Eduard Kubů Zdeněk Beneš, Václav Kural Zdeněk Beneš Robert Kvaček Václav Kural Václav Kural, Václav Pavlíček Václav Kural, Václav Pavlíček Václav Pavlíček Drahomír Jančík Zdeněk Radvanovský (et al.) Václav Kural, Václav Pavlíček Václav Pavlíček Václav Kural Václav Kural Václav Kural Václav Kural Václav Kural Václav Kural Czech and Germans The Bohemian State and the Holy Roman Empire “Bohemi” and “Theutonici” Nationality or Faith? Barbarism or Civilisation? “Darkness” From Ethnic Group to Nation The 1848 Revolution Nineteenth-century Nationalisation Economic Nationalism The Czechs and Germans and the Birth of Czechoslovakia World War I and the Status of the Czechs The Émigré Community The Home Front Summary The Founding of the Republic and the Basis of the Czechoslovak Constitutional System The Creation and Promotion of the State Bodies Recognition of National and State Sovereignty Czechs and Germans in a Democratic Czechoslovakia, 1918-1938 Czechoslovakia’s Ethnic Policy Legal Aspects of Czechoslovakia’s Ethnic Policy Administrative Reforms during the First Republic in relation to the Germans A Comparison of the Status of Minorities in Czechoslovakia and Elsewhere German Negativism From Negativism to Activism, 1920-1932 Activism in the Ascendant Economic Aspects of Czechoslovak Realities From Negativism to Nazism, 1933-1939 “Sudetenland” and “Sudeten” Europe and Czechoslovakia in the 1930s The Path to “Munich” The “Second Republic” The Reality of the Protectorate The Protectorate and the Jews Germanisation and the Exploitation of the Czech Economy and Jewish Property During the Occupation The Sudetenland as a Reichsgau The Czech Resistance Movement Recognition of the Czechoslovak Government and the Inception of Decretory Authority The Influence of Occupation and War on the Evolution of the Transfer Plan Beneš, the Home Front and Jaksch after the Defeat of France Heydrich’s Terror Radicalises Transfer Plans The Assassination of Heydrich and the Subsequent Reign of Terror The Transfer of Germans from Czechoslovakia – Plans Some Questions 12 16 17 20 21 23 24 27 28 30 36 38 42 48 51 53 61 66 67 73 75 80 83 84 85 92 97 98 107 The Break up of Czechoslovakia and the Genesis of the Transfer 116 119 122 123 137 159 162 167 169 178 182 185 189
194 199 205 210 215 221 230 232 236 237 238 243 245 248 252 255 267 271 276 282 291 294 332 335 Jiří Pešek The International Framework for the Transfer of the Sudeten Germans The First Half of the Twentieth Century – a Period of Enforced Migrations and Transfers Transfers During World War II – Part of the Post-War Concept of Europe Evacuations and Exodus Zdeněk Beneš, Jiří Pešek ■ Chapter VI The Transfer and its Legal Aspects ■ Chapter VII Decrees from the Period of the Provisional State Decrees and Laws from the Transitional Period Decrees Relating to the Transfer of the German and Hungarian Minorities from Czechoslovakia International Comparison of the Legal Standards of the Decrees The Issue of Reparation Retribution Decrees Ratihabitio Law No. 115/1946 Coll., and Acts of Anti-German Resistance The Question of the Legality and Legitimacy of the Transfer The Crimes of Hitler’s Germany and their Boomerang Effect Zdeněk Beneš, Václav Kural The Implementation of the Transfer The Czech Provinces and the Germans In the Immediate Aftermath of the War The Process of the Transfer Homicidal Excesses of the Transfer Victims of the Transfer Terminology of the Transfer ■ Chapter V Jan Kuklík, jr. Jan Kuklík, jr. Jan Kuklík, jr. Jan Kuklík, jr. Jan Kuklík, jr. Jan Kuklík, jr. Jan Kuklík, jr. Václav Pavlíček Václav Pavlíček Václav Pavlíček Interpretation ■ Chapter VIII of the Transfer Decrees of the President of the Republic from the Contemporary Perspective Pavel Rychetský Bibliography Documents compiled by Jan Kuklík, jr. and Radovan Suchánek Some of the Presidential Decrees and their Legal Status compiled by Vladimír Mikule Appendix Contents
Page 1: FACING HISTORY The evolution of Cze
Page 4 and 5: Published by Gallery s.r.o. for the
Page 8 and 9: Foreword The end of eight centuries
Page 10: HISTORICAL ROOTS 10
Page 13 and 14: towns of the Bohemian kingdom that
Page 15 and 16: continued to be present on the terr
Page 17 and 18: king (the first being Vratislav II
Page 19 and 20: St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of
Page 21 and 22: Theutonica as a category defined by
Page 23 and 24: and the arrival of the Czechs. This
Page 25 and 26: 25 Historical Roots Chapter I The B
Page 27 and 28: Meanwhile the position of Prussia w
Page 29 and 30: econciliation with the so-called Mo
Page 31 and 32: economic sphere also. It is no acci
Page 33 and 34: figure continued to grow, but in th
Page 36 and 37: Chapter II The Czechs and Germans a
Page 38 and 39: Chapter II guardianship of czarist
Page 40 and 41: Chapter II Declaration of the Right
Page 42 and 43: Chapter II ideals common to all man
Page 44 and 45: Chapter II The Czechs and Germans a
Page 46 and 47: Chapter II deputation, as manifeste
Page 48 and 49: Chapter II under the leadership of
Page 50 and 51: Chapter II the wake of World War II
Page 52 and 53: Chapter II up to October 28, 1918.
Page 54 and 55: Chapter II whole, i.e. those that f
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Chapter II At that time it was not
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Chapter II important in terms of in
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Chapter II opted for Czechoslovak n
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Chapter II On December 16, 1916, th
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CZECHS AND GERMANS IN A DEMOCRATIC
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Czechs and Germans in a Democratic
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centred on the Živnostenská banka
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Chapter IV THE “SECOND REPUBLIC
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Chapter IV until November 30, 1938,
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Chapter IV years”. He announced t
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Chapter IV decree failed to specify
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Chapter IV whereby ownership relati
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Chapter IV Bohemia and Moravia). Wh
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Chapter IV farmers were forbidden t
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Chapter IV demanded that the proper
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Chapter IV of that year, Jews had b
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Chapter IV of the banking giants in
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Chapter IV 1945, employed 65.3% of
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Chapter IV unconditional establishm
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Chapter IV they were followed later
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Chapter IV ensuring its efficient a
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Chapter IV The establishment of the
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Chapter IV economic, social and cul
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Chapter IV also applied to foreign
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Chapter IV One of the main tasks of
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Chapter IV and Nazi gangs took plac
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Chapter IV The attitudes of the Ger
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Chapter IV This contradictory state
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Chapter IV saw in them a vision of
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Chapter IV Czechoslovak political l
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Chapter IV RECOGNITION OF THE CZECH
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Chapter IV regards the pre-Munich b
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Chapter IV out by the occupation. N
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Chapter IV Many Czechs were interne
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Chapter IV paradoxically bolstering
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Chapter IV Heydrich and Hácha in f
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Chapter IV central European state a
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Chapter IV The Break up of Czechosl
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Chapter IV Germans; with the intens
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Chapter IV This “final solution
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Chapter IV This was however mirrore
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Chapter IV transmitter “Sparta”
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Chapter IV Germans in the Czechoslo
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Chapter IV 500,000 prominent Henlei
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Chapter IV capable of doing to huma
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THE INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE
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medical care, around 40,000, or alm
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Nationalities Groups in Europe, Sud
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surviving evacuees returned to Nort
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Eastern Poland to Siberia, Central
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the end of the 1940s in the more no
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central and eastern Europe were cle
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German population compromised durin
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Chapter VI The Implementation of th
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THE TRANSFER AND ITS LEGAL ASPECTS
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agreements concerning reparations.
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would apply, the key Constitutional
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expropriation on territories occupi
Page 243 and 244:
NSDAP, Hungarian political parties,
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the time of issue of the original d
Page 247 and 248:
confiscation), and Constitutional D
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the war-damaged economy. In the sam
Page 251 and 252:
Advisory Council, diplomats of the
Page 253 and 254:
No. 47/1945 Coll., concerning the P
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to confirm and declare as laws the
Page 257 and 258:
Disregarding the partial amnesties
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it was possible, even at that time,
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and legitimacy based on the require
Page 263 and 264:
listed bore witness to the legal an
Page 265 and 266:
Broad civilian resistance came into
Page 267 and 268:
(justifiable). According to German
Page 269 and 270:
Command and any state, municipal, o
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property. Approximately 75,000 peop
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them in connection with the valid c
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Chapter VIII Interpretation of the
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Decrees of the President of the Rep
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Bibliography Hořejš, Miloš: Nár
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Documents 1. The Treaty between the
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Documents institutions, schools and
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Documents Article 9 This law shall
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Documents 7) Measures would be unde
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Documents Article 9 The Protectorat
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Documents Soviet Socialist Republic
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Documents Article 8 (1) The regulat
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Documents Unions Centre, the Agricu
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Documents Article 20 (1) Legal acti
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Documents Munich constitution and i
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Documents a member of an organisati
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Documents Article 26 (1) Proceeding
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Documents Article 3 (1) The followi
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Documents of special circumstances,
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Documents (3) Also persons may requ
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Documents circumstances of special
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Documents the Decree of the Preside
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Documents for the purpose of their
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Documents 22 1946, March 28, Prague
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Some Presidential Decrees and their
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Abolished by Law No.65/1965 Coll. N
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