Draft Tugun Hill Conservation Area Plan of Management

Draft Plan of Management
Tugun Hill
Conservation Area
April 2006
Natural Areas Managment Unit

Acknowledgments:
This draft plan of management was prepared by Brett Leis and Matt Newman, Conservation
Management Planners for the Natural Areas Management Unit of Gold Coast City Council. The input
of Jason Searle, Liz Caddick, Graeme McGregor, Tim Robson, Phil Watts and Steve Towner is
appreciated.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

INVITATION TO COMMENT
Gold Coast City Council recognises that community consultation is vital to the functions of
conservation management in terms of policy development and service delivery. Inclusion of
the community improves the quality of management decisions through information
exchange and a shared understanding of issues, and is also an effective means of fostering
community stewardship.
The general procedure for exhibition and adoption of a plan of management is as follows:
• The draft plan is placed on public exhibition for at least 30 days and any person
may comment on it;
• Submissions received on the plan are referred to Gold Coast City Council;
• After considering all the submissions the plan is amended, if necessary, by the
Natural Areas Planning Unit;
• The amended plan is adopted by Council.
Members of the public, whether as individuals or as members of community interest
groups, are invited to comment on this plan of management. Submissions should be in
writing, and as detailed and specific as possible; however any comments, no matter how
brief, are welcome.
Comments should be forwarded to:
The Planner, Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Natural Areas Planning Unit
Parks and Recreational Services
Gold Coast City Council
PO Box 5042
GCMC 9729 Qld
The closing date for comments on the plan is Friday 23 rd June 2006.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

SUMMARY
This plan of management provides the strategic framework that governs the development and
delivery of all management programs and day-to-day issues affecting Tugun Hill Conservation Area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area is one of a series of ridges and hills that are a prominent feature of
the landscape of the southern Gold Coast. Tugun Hill contributes to the green back drop of the
southern Gold Coast and is a major natural feature for visitors entering the city. The reserve
reaches an elevation of near 50 metres above sea level and forms the upper catchment of Flat Rock
Creek.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area forms part of the Currumbin to Cobaki wetlands habitat corridor, an
area which is considered to be of national significance for nature conservation because of its high
diversity of flora and fauna. The planning area contributes to preserving the native biodiversity of
this area – it protects important vegetation associations and plant species and provides habitat for
a range of resident and migratory fauna, and is important for local transient species utilising
habitats on both sides of the border.
The conservation area protects one of the last remaining populations of the Endangered Blackbutt,
a vegetation type which has been reduced by land clearing and is otherwise poorly represented in
protected areas. The high integrity of this community provides habitat for arboreal fauna such as
koalas, possums and gliders, while the understorey has a diverse range of ground dwelling
mammals including common planigale, northern brown bandicoot, yellow-footed antechinus,
grassland melomys and swamp wallaby. The planning area also protects six species of plants listed
under state threatened species legislation.
The viability of these communities is threatened by further isolation from habitat clearing and
issues associated with urban encroachment such as the introduction of weeds, predation by
domestic animals, and inappropriate uses, such as the riding of trail bikes.
Maintaining or enhancing the key natural values of Tugun Hill Conservation Area will be the focus
of this plan of management. The planning area will be managed to conserve the natural landscape
integrity and scenic, natural and cultural heritage values, while providing opportunities for lowkey,
sustainable nature-based public use. A short walking circuit is proposed which will highlight
the key natural features of the reserve. A weed management and restoration strategy will be
implemented to enhance the ecological values of the reserve.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TUGUN HILL CONSERVATION AREA PLAN OF MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
Chapter 1 - Introduction ................................................................................ 7
1.1 Location and Planning Area ..................................................................... 7
1.2 Regional Context.................................................................................. 7
1.3 Significance of the Conservation Area ........................................................ 8
1.4 Key Threatening Processes ..................................................................... 10
Chapter 2 – Management Purposes and Principles ................................................. 11
2.1 Legislative and Policy Framework ............................................................ 11
2.2 Management Directions......................................................................... 12
2.3 Specific Objectives for Tugun Hill Conservation Area ..................................... 12
Chapter 3 – Management Strategies for Tugun Hill Conservation Area ......................... 14
3.1 Managing the Natural Environment ........................................................... 14
3.1.1 Geology, Landform, Hydrology and Soils ............................................... 14
3.1.2 Native Plants ................................................................................ 15
3.1.3 Native Animals .............................................................................. 17
3.2 Managing for Protection ........................................................................ 21
3.2.1 Pest Plants................................................................................... 21
3.2.2 Pest Animals................................................................................. 22
3.2.3 Fire Management ........................................................................... 24
3.2.4 Habitat Fragmentation and Isolation .................................................... 27
3.3 Managing Cultural Heritage .................................................................... 29
3.4 Managing Recreation ............................................................................ 31
3.5 Community Involvement, Interpretation and Education .................................. 33
3.5 Managing Access ................................................................................. 35
3.6 Managing Landscape and Scenic Amenity.................................................... 36
3.7 Research and Monitoring ....................................................................... 37
3.9 Naming of the Conservation Area ............................................................. 39
Chapter 4 - Plan Implementation..................................................................... 40
Chapter 5 – Summary of Management Strategies .................................................. 41
Chapter 7 – References................................................................................. 51
Chapter 8 – Conservation Area Maps ................................................................. 52
Chapter 9 - Appendices ................................................................................ 52
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Abbreviations used in this Management Plan
CAMBA: China and Australia Migratory Bird Agreement
EPBC: Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
GCCC: Gold Coast City Council
JAMBA: Japan and Australia Migratory Bird Agreement
NCA: QLD Nature Conservation Act 1992
OSPL: Open Space Preservation Levy
QPWS: Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
TSC: NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 Location and Planning Area
Tugun Hill Conservation Area (referred to as “Tugun Hill” in this plan) is located in the
southern Gold Coast adjacent to the M1 Motorway and the proposed route of the Tugun
Bypass. The planning area covers 14.5 hectares of land acquired with the Open Space
Preservation Levy and a further 1.4 hectares of adjoining reserved land to the south, which
Council holds as trustee on behalf of the Government of Queensland. This plan also makes
recommendations on the management of the series of adjoining reserved land which form
the Currumbin Point to Cobaki Wetlands habitat corridor and contribute to the overall
ecological value of the region.
The conservation area is one of a series of ridges and hills that are a prominent feature of
the landscape of the southern Gold Coast. Tugun Hill contributes to the green backdrop of
the area, and retains valuable wildlife habitat in an otherwise highly urbanised landscape.
The hill reaches an elevation of near 50 metres above sea level and forms the upper
catchment of Flat Rock Creek.
The site is characterised by a central hill with two prominent gully lines. The land
predominantly supports a mix of remnant and regrowth Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
open forest with other areas supporting a matrix of regenerating vegetation types
including gully vine forest and regrowth woodland dominated by Blackwood (Acacia
melanoxylon) and Soapbush (Alphitonia excelsa).
1.2 Regional Context
The Conservation Area is one of a number of mostly small forested reserves in this region.
Others include the Currumbin Hill Conservation Park, sections of the Currumbin Wildlife
Sanctuary, the mangrove-lined reserves along Currumbin Creek and the Cobaki Wetlands
reserves in New South Wales. The planning area also links to a narrow wildlife corridor
extending west to Nicolls Scrub National Park in the Currumbin Valley. Each reserve is
isolated to some degree from other remnant vegetation by features such as roads, urban
development or cleared land.
The M1 Motorway, which has a barrier fence along its length, physically separates Tugun
Hill from the Currumbin reserves. To the south of Tugun Hill, vegetation on the
Department of Main Roads Reserve provides a vegetated link to the larger habitat systems
of the Cobaki area in New South Wales via remnant vegetation on other freehold lands.
The development of the Tugun Bypass would threaten this linkage by removing most
remnant vegetation on the road reserve. Tugun Hill is directly bordered by residential and
multi occupancy development to the east and south.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Figure1: Location of Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Management
Boundary
Contours
30
20
Tugun
Proposed
Proposed Proposed
Pacific Pacific Pacific Motorway Motorway Motorway Motorway Motorway Motorway Motorway Motorway Motorway (M1)
(M1)
(M1)
Tugun Tugun Tugun Tugun Tugun Tugun Tugun Tugun
Bypass Bypass Bypass Bypass Bypass Bypass Bypass Bypass Bypass
MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY
STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET
Tugun Hill Conservation Area
CLANCY CLANCY CLANCY CLANCY CLANCY CLANCY CLANCY CLANCY CLANCY CRT CRT CRT CRT CRT CRT CRT CRT CRT
250m NORTH �
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management
55
40
30
ALINJARRA ALINJARRA ALINJARRA ALINJARRA ALINJARRA ALINJARRA ALINJARRA ALINJARRA ALINJARRA DR DR DR DR DR DR DR
Property Boundary
Street/ Road
20
MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY MURRAY
STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET STREET
TAPERELL TAPERELL TAPERELL TAPERELL TAPERELL TAPERELL TAPERELL TAPERELL TAPERELL DR DR DR
DR DR
DR DR
MIRREEN
MIRREEN
ORMEAU
ORMEAU
SPRINGBROOK
SPRINGBROOK
COOMERA
COOMERA
COOMERA
SURFERS SURFERS SURFERS SURFERS PARADISE PARADISE
PARADISE
MUDGEERABA
MUDGEERABA

1.3 Significance of the Conservation Area
The Tugun to Cobaki area is considered to be of national significance for nature
conservation. It supports a high diversity of terrestrial flora and fauna of conservation
significance. Tugun Hill Conservation Area contributes to preserving the native biodiversity
of this area – it conserves important vegetation associations and plant species and provides
habitat for a range of resident and migratory fauna, and is an important linkage in the
Currumbin Point to Cobaki lakes reserves.
The planning area also offers a natural setting, in an otherwise highly urbanised
environment, for locals to undertake passive nature based recreation pursuits. Tugun Hill
contributes to the green back drop of the southern Gold Coast and is a major natural
feature for visitors entering the city.
Some of the significant natural values of Tugun Hill Conservation Area include:
� The hilltop is dominated by ‘Eucalyptus pilularis (blackbutt) tall woodland to open
forest on metasediments’, a vegetation community classified as Endangered under the
Queensland Vegetation Management Act 1999. This is one of the last remaining patches
of this vegetation type on the Gold Coast.
� Protects at least six species of threatened plants that are listed under the Queensland
Nature Conservation Act 1992. This includes the Vulnerable velvet laurel (Endiandra
hayseii), and Rare black walnut (Endiandra globosa), long-leafed tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis
newmanii), rosy hyacinth orchid (Dipodium pulchellum), smooth scrub turpentine
(Rhodamnia maideniana) and white lace flower (Arcidendron hendersonii).
� Provides both regionally and locally significant fauna habitats and an important link
between the habitats of the Currumbin Sanctuary/Currumbin Conservation Park and
the Cobaki Wetlands in Tweed Shire to the south, and to the large tracts of bushland in
the Currumbin Valley to the west. These links are important for the more mobile
avifauna that travel between inland and coastal habitats.
� Supports fauna species that are listed under NSW, QLD and/or commonwealth
threatened species legislation including the Vulnerable koala, common planigale, greyheaded
flying fox, little bent–wing bat and rose-crowned fruit dove, and Rare Lewin’s
rail. It also protects species which are significant at a regional and local level including
the northern brown bandicoot, yellow-footed antechinus, grassland melomys and
swamp wallaby.
� Supports good populations of forest dependant, nomadic and migratory birds, being
further significant due to the ongoing diminishment of similar habitats across the
lowland areas of the Gold Coast and northern New South Wales. A number of birds are
listed under various international agreements, including JAMBA and CAMBA.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

1.4 Key Threatening Processes
In light of the landscape context, history of the site and surrounds and the current
ecological condition of the conservation area, a number of key threatening processes can
be identified. These include:
1. The further isolation of the reserve from other habitat by clearing of vegetation,
the construction of roads, fences and residential development.
2. The fire regime; the character of some fire adapted or tolerant vegetation types
can be lost altogether if fire is excluded for an extended period (Watson, P., 2001,
SEQ FABC). Conversely, while fire is a catalyst for regeneration for some flora
species at Tugun Hill, fires occurring at too frequent intervals can prevent plants
reaching a stage of maturity at which they can reproduce, leading to their eventual
loss from the vegetation community. Frequent fires may also wipe out populations
of fauna and change habitat conditions, making them unsuitable for fauna.
3. The impacts of pest animals on native fauna and the impacts of pest plants on flora
and on fauna habitat.
4. The destruction of flora, vegetation community structure and soil profiles by human
activities.
5. The disruption or changes to plant communities and fauna habitat caused by human
induced edge effects.
The most pressing issue in managing Tugun Hill over the short, medium and long terms
will be the potential loss of flora and fauna species as a result of the effects of the
above threatening processes. It needs to be recognised that while management of the
site may result in improvements in habitat, the small size and ongoing isolation of the
reserve from other remnants may still lead to the unpreventable local extinction of
species currently present at Tugun Hill Conservation Area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Chapter 2 – Management Purposes and
Principles
2.1 Legislative and Policy Framework
The OSPL Acquisition Program contributes to achieving the core objectives of the Gold
Coast City Nature Conservation Strategy (GCCC, 1998) by securing the protection of areas
of high conservation value in public ownership where other strategies are unable to
achieve the required level of protection. One of the major aims of the Acquisition
Program is to consolidate and expand the City’s existing protected area network and assist
Council in fulfilling the intent of the ‘Conservation Strategy Plan’ contained within the
Nature Conservation Strategy (NCS).
Tugun Hill was purchased under the OSPL Acquisition Program on the 23 rd June 2000 for the
principle purpose of nature conservation. The direction for management of Tugun Hill
Conservation Area reflects the over-arching principle established in the document
“Management Guidelines for sites acquired with the Open Space Preservation Levy (Phase
1 & 2 Acquisition Programs)”. The principle states:
Sites acquired with funds derived from the Open Space Preservation Levy, (as
part of the Open Space Preservation Levy Acquisition Program – Phases 1 and
2), have been acquired primarily for nature conservation and must be managed
to preserve the ecological values that Council bought each site to protect and
used in such a way so not to have a negative impact upon those values.
The Guidelines, adopted by Council in December 2004, describe the actions required for
the short-term management of the sites and recommendations for longer-term
management. Many of the actions or strategies initiated as an ‘Immediate Action’ via the
Guidelines are recommended to continue as actions contained in a plan of management.
Other legislation, international agreements and charters may also apply to management of
the area. In particular, all actions recommended in and implemented through this
management plan will take into consideration any likely impacts upon species or ecological
communities of significance listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999, the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the Nature
Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994.
Council also has obligations to protect the habitats of migratory birds under agreements
such as the Japan-Australia and China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreements (JAMBA and
CAMBA).
The eradication, control or containment of declared weeds and introduced animals on
Council land is governed by the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act
2002. Control of pest animals is also in accordance with the Queensland’s Pest Animal
Strategy 2002-2006.
Protection of Aboriginal culture heritage values is in accordance with the QLD Cultural
Heritage Act 2003.
The Queensland Fire and Rescue Services Act 1990 requires Council, as a landowner, to
remove or reduce the risk of fire occurring on their land and to take all necessary steps to
ensure that fire does not impact on neighbouring properties.
The most pressing fire management issues at Tugun Hill have been dealt with as an
immediate action. Strategies and actions for managing the effects of fire on the
environment are included within this management plan.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

2.2 Management Directions
A plan of management provides the framework for management of the area by stating the
philosophy on which decisions should be based and by setting out objectives and actions
for management. Each plan of management will establish a limited range of uses of the
site that are agreed by Council and supported by the community as being consistent with
maintaining the site’s ecological, other environmental and visual values.
Management decisions for the conservation areas purchased under the OSPL are based on
four core principles:
1. Conservation areas acquired through the OSPL Acquisition Program will be primarily
managed to preserve the full range of significant natural values that they possess.
This is the over-riding principle that will be applied when considering all land use
proposals and options for management.
2. Protection of natural values provides the basis for ecologically sustainable managed
use of the Conservation Areas by the community.
3. Protection of the natural values of the conservation areas can also provide benefits
to the community by preserving ecosystem services, scenic amenity and enhancing
catchment and cultural heritage values.
4. The long-term protection of the natural values of the conservation areas will be
achieved more readily if the community understands and supports Council’s goals
for management.
2.3 Specific Objectives for Tugun Hill Conservation
Area
The planning area will be managed to conserve the natural landscape integrity and scenic,
natural and cultural heritage values, while providing opportunities for low-key, sustainable
nature-based public use. Strategies and programs to protect, and where necessary restore,
the natural and cultural values of the planning area will aim to:
• Manage the Currumbin to Cobaki wetlands reserves as an interrelated reserve system;
• Enhance the natural environment and control introduced plant species with
consideration of habitat utilisation by native animal species;
• Control, and where possible eradicate, introduced animal species particularly
predatory species which threaten ground-dwelling native fauna;
• Restore and maintain viable habitat links contributing to the ecological richness of the
area;
• Protect and monitor threatened and biogeographically significant species and
communities;
• Protect and enhance the landscape and scenic values of Tugun Hill;
• Protect cultural heritage values;
• Protect water catchment values of Flat Rock Creek;
• Encourage and facilitate research and monitoring to improve knowledge of natural and
cultural values of the area;
• Implement fire management actions for the protection of life and property;
• Implement fire regimes designed to maintain the diversity of vegetation communities;
• Engender greater public awareness and appreciation for the values and management of
the planning area;
• Manage visitor use in an ecologically sustainable manner; and
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

• Maintain a good working relationship with neighbours, authorities, Government
departments and other agencies to enhance the protection and viability of the planning
area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Chapter 3 – Management Strategies for
Tugun Hill Conservation Area
3.1 Managing the Natural Environment
3.1.1 Geology, Landform, Hydrology and Soils
Tugun Hill Conservation Area is situated on the first of a series of low coastal hills which
rise from the sandy coastal plain of Currumbin Point. The topography of the site is
characterised by a prominent hill and associated hill-slopes and gully lines.
Overall the landform can be described as gentle to moderately steep low hill-slopes of
meta-sedimentary geology, supporting tall moist eucalypt open forest. The majority of the
planning area is less than fifty metres above sea level and protects the headwaters of Flat
Rock Creek.
The underlying geology of this area is classified as the Neranleigh-Fernvale metasediments,
which are deformed, lightly to heavily folded rocks derived from ancient
marine sediments. This is the predominant geological unit throughout the central area of
Gold Coast City and also encompasses extensive areas to the north-west of the
conservation area.
The composition of the underlying rock varies with location, and may incorporate arenite,
mudstone, shale, chert, jasper or basic metavolcanics. The soils are similarly variable, and
may comprise yellow, red, brown or grey kurosols or red ferrosols.
The vegetated slopes of the conservation area protect the hillsides from erosion and
provide catchment protection for the upper parts of Flat Rock Creek.
Desired Outcomes
• Geological and soil landscapes are protected from human disturbance.
• Catchment values, water quality and the health of waterways are maintained or
improved.
Management Strategies
S1.1 Ensure conservation area facilities, visitor use and management actions do not
adversely impact on water quality or soil landscapes.
S1.2 Locate new infrastructure and facilities outlined in this plan on previously disturbed
sites wherever possible.
S1.3 Develop a staged restoration plan for Flat Rock Creek drainage line between the
conservation area’s north-eastern boundary and the Motorway; the species composition
should reflect the predicted original vegetation type – Regional Ecosystem 12.3.11 (GCCC
Vegetation Type 6).
S1.4 Avoid further interference to the natural drainage patterns to restrict erosion of soils
within and adjacent to the reserve.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.1.2 Native Plants
Tugun Hill retains a diverse and significant collection of flora species and vegetation
communities. A total of 159 species of vascular plants from 127 genera and 61 families
have been recorded within Tugun Hill. Six of these species are listed as threatened under
Queensland’s Nature Conservation Act 1992.
Approximately one-third of Tugun Hill supports mature Moist Open Forest with a canopy
dominated by Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis). This community is generally of high
ecological condition and representative of the late successional growth (or ‘old growth’)
phase of this forest type, providing core habitat for arboreal fauna. Despite being
previously widespread along the coastal lowlands of the Gold Coast mainland, this
vegetation type is now relatively scarce as a result of extensive urban development, and is
also poorly represented in protected areas throughout the region. This is reflected by its
classification as Endangered under the provisions of the QLD Vegetation Management Act
1999 (Regulation 2000). One species of plant listed under the Nature Conservation Act
1992 has also been identified in this area:
� Rosy Hyacinth-orchid (Dipodium pulchella) (Rare)
A small pocket of sub-tropical rainforest occurs in a moist drainage area on the southwestern
facing slope. This community is generally of high ecological condition, supporting
a relatively diverse array of native rainforest flora in a small area. Five species listed
under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 have been identified in this community. These
are:
� Velvet laurel (Endiandra hayseii) (Vulnerable)
� Long-leafed tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis newmanii) (Rare)
� Smooth scrub turpentine (Rhodamnia maideniana) (Rare)
� Black walnut (Endiandra globosa) (Rare)
� White lace flower (Arcidendron hendersonii) (Rare)
The small size and conservation significance of the subtropical rainforest makes it
vulnerable to impacts. For this reason, visitor activities will be restricted from this area.
Closed forest occurs along gully lines, which is characteristically wetter than the
surrounding Blackbutt Moist Open Forest and supports a wider variety of rainforest plant
species. Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis)
woodland communities, which vary slightly in composition to the adjoining Blackbutt Moist
Open Forest, are also present on the north-western hill-slopes. In addition, several small
grassland patches occur in previously cleared areas.
Around one-third of the property supports areas of regrowth Blackbutt Open Forest and
Acacia Woodland, which appears to represent early successional regrowth on land
previously cleared.
The major potential threats to the native vegetation communities within Tugun Hill
include uncontrolled access (both vehicle and pedestrian trampling), inappropriate fire
regimes and woody weed infestation.
Council has undertaken preliminary restoration within Tugun Hill, including revegetation
activities and ongoing weed control. Strategic direction for these activities will be guided
by the Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration Plan. This plan provides the practical
guidelines for long-term native vegetation restoration by aiming to allow favourable
conditions for the natural regeneration of native plant species. The potential of natural
regeneration is considered to be relatively high once appropriate, effective and ongoing
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

weed control measures are implemented. Indeed, there is ample evidence of native
regeneration occurring throughout the conservation area and by effective promotion of
this process, further planting for regeneration purposes would not be necessary.
Buffer planting will be undertaken along the western edge of the reserve to limit any
impacts associated with adjacent construction of the Tugun Bypass.
Desired Outcomes
• The full range of native plant species found in the conservation area are protected.
• Vegetation structural diversity and habitat values are conserved, and are restored
where subject to past disturbance.
• Significant and protected plant species and communities are protected.
• Knowledge of significant flora and vegetation communities is increased.
• Habitat connectivity is maintained and/or enhanced.
Management Strategies
S2.1 Implement the Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration Plan as a matter of priority.
S2.2 Manage the sub-tropical rainforest community for protection purposes by restricting
visitor access to this area, avoiding burning and removing weeds.
S2.3 Manage the blackbutt moist open forest for protection purposes by allowing only
walking access to this area along designated, existing trails (see Section 3.4 Managing
Recreation).
S2.4 Prioritise the restoration of the Blackbutt moist open forest by promoting favourable
recruitment conditions and utilising the zoning approach as outlined in the Tugun Hill
Conservation Area Restoration Plan.
S2.5 Develop a systematic monitoring program to assess the regeneration of native plant
species within key vegetation types in association with the Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Restoration Plan. Monitoring results will be used to refine, as necessary, restoration
practices.
S2.6 Establish monitoring regimes for key plant species regarded as threatened or
significant to measure the success of management practices in maintaining or improving
the conservation status of these species and to record ongoing change.
S2.7 Develop and implement a buffer planting plan for the western edge of the
Conservation Area in partnership with the Department of Main Roads.
S2.8 Implement infill revegetation along the edge of the rock lined drainage channel:
consider planting within the channel where appropriate to enhance sediment control,
habitat establishment and improve the aesthetic quality of the area.
S2.9 Only use those species recorded within Tugun Hill Conservation Area for revegetation
projects.
S2.10 Manage threatened species populations in accordance with the declared
management intent of the listing under the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation
1994.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

S2.11 Develop a program of seed collection from other local provenance populations of
threatened plant species to propagate and plant at Tugun Hill to increase the size and
genetic diversity of the local populations.
S2.12 Consider the translocation of threatened and significant plant species which are
likely to be removed during the Tugun Bypass construction in conjunction with the
Department of Main Roads.
S2.13 Ensure that management operations, such as slashing, fire, weed control and road
and walking trail maintenance, do not impact upon significant plant species and
communities.
S2.14 Develop walking trails as outlined in this plan of management with the aim of
reducing impacts on native plant communities by utilising existing trails.
S2.15 Undertake fire management in a manner that enhances and protects species
diversity in vegetation communities and encourages recruitment of significant species as
identified in Section 5.2.3 Fire Management.
S2.16 Encourage surveys and research on significant plant and vegetation communities to
improve knowledge of their management requirements and recruitment capabilities.
S2.17 Promote public understanding and appreciation of the native plants and vegetation
communities of the conservation area within the context of the Interpretation Plan
(Section 5.8 Community Involvement, Interpretation and Education)). The plan will include
strategies for interpreting:
• The values and significance of the blackbutt vegetation and rare and significant
plant species;
• The strategies adopted by GCCC to reduce threatening processes on the native
vegetation of the conservation area;
• The role of visitors in protecting native plants through the adoption of minimal
impact recreation protocols.
S2.18 Promote the planting of local native garden species by neighbours directly bordering
the conservation area.
3.1.3 Native Animals
Despite its small overall size, Tugun Hill contains a relatively diverse assemblage of native
fauna, including a number of threatened, migratory and locally significant species, as well
as species with quite specific habitat requirements. At least 14 mammals, 70 birds, 6
reptile and 4 amphibian species are known to occur within the planning area. Survey work
has been limited in Tugun Hill and it is likely that additional species would be recorded
with further survey effort.
Although relatively small in total area, the bushland mosaic present within the
conservation area provides a viable and valuable habitat for a wide variety of native fauna
species and key linkages to larger habitat systems. The site is an important ‘habitat island’
for mobile fauna, particularly locally transient bird and bat species, forming a vital link in
a wildlife corridor for these animals extending from the coastal Currumbin Bird Sanctuary/
Currumbin Hill Conservation Parks in the north to the Cobaki Wetlands in the Tweed shire
to the south.
Native ground dwelling and arboreal mammals are well represented. The mature blackbutt
moist open forest provides habitat for a range of arboreal fauna, including the koala, sugar
glider and common brushtail possum. The understorey layers protect a range of grounddwelling
species including the grassland melomys, common planigale, swamp wallaby,
yellow-footed antechinus and northern brown bandicoot.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Migratory, nomadic and resident bird species are well represented at Tugun Hill. The
variety of vegetation communities and good connectivity to other areas provides habitat
for a large range of both forest dependant and ground-dwelling bird species. Honeyeaters,
parrots, raptors, insectivores and seedeaters are common. Fauna studies conducted as part
of the Tugun Bypass proposal suggest that waterbirds move towards Cobaki from Currumbin
at dawn and return at dusk, highlighting the important linkage between feeding and
roosting sites.
The integral areas of coastal lowland habitat, such as the Blackbutt and closed forest
vegetation of the conservation area, are important for seasonal altitudinal migration of a
number of bird species. These species are of particular conservation concern as their
coastal habitats have diminished at a rapid rate.
A number of species protected within the planning area are listed under threatened
species legislation including the QLD Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation (NCWR),
NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act (TSC) and Commonwealth Environmental
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC). These include:
� Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): NCWR (Vulnerable)
� Lewin’s Rail (Rallus pectoralis): NCWR (Rare)
� Common Planigale (Planigale maculata): TSC (Vulnerable)
� Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus): EPBC (Vulnerable), TSC (Vulnerable)
� Little Bent-wing Bat (Miniopterus australis): TSC (Vulnerable)
� Rose-Crowned Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus regina): TSC (Vulnerable)
Some species listed under the NSW Threatened Species Act 1995 are not covered by the
relevant Qld legislation but warrant consideration due to the close proximity of the
planning area to NSW, and the current and predicted disturbance to habitat used by these
species in NSW, immediately south of the planning area.
The fauna populations in the planning area face an uncertain future. In summary, the
quantity and quality of habitat available is limited, degraded in many areas and very
susceptible to further degradation and isolation. It is the aim of management to restore,
maintain and expand core habitat and limit the fragmentation of corridors to the greatest
possible extent.
While surveys within Tugun Hill have identified the use of weeded areas by some grounddwelling
native fauna, these species, including northern brown bandicoot, grassland
melomys and swamp wallaby have broad food and habitat requirements, and appear to
seek refuge in the more denser and integral areas of native bushland, while foraging across
the broader area of the site. The common planigale has specific habitat requirements and
a relatively small home range, and is restricted to the blackbutt open forest and subtropical
rainforest, where the understorey and leaf litter layers are well developed. It is
considered that the benefits of removing weed species in order to encourage the
regeneration of native species far outweighs any perceived benefits of weed species as
substitute habitat. However, restoration programs will avoid large-scale disturbance to
restrict possible displacement of fauna species utilising weeded areas.
Desired Outcomes
• There is continued protection and increased viability for all native animal
communities in the conservation area.
• No population decline or habitat loss for threatened fauna known to occur in the
conservation area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

• The diversity of native animals in the conservation area is conserved.
• The habitat and populations of all threatened fauna species and significant species
are protected and maintained.
• Increased knowledge of the ecology and distribution of fauna species.
Management Strategies
S3.1 Protect and enhance the conservation status of native animal populations in the
conservation area by:
• Controlling pest animals (Section 3.2.2 Pest Animals)
• Prohibiting domestic animals from entering the conservation area (Section 3.2.2
Pest Animals)
• Maintaining and enhancing critical habitat corridors (3.2.4 Habitat Isolation &
Fragmentation)
• Implementing appropriate fire regimes and maintaining mature vegetation and
critical habitat components such as tree hollows and fallen wood debris (Section
3.2.3 Fire Management)
• Restoring critical habitat (Section 3.1.1 Native Plants)
S3.2 Develop a fauna survey program to identify the presence, abundance and distribution
of fauna at Tugun Hill. Some emphasis must be placed on:
• Determining the population status of fauna populations
• Identifying any changes as a result of future development
• Confirming the use of weedy areas for habitat and this information fed into
implementing the Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration Plan.
S3.3 Incorporate wildlife records for the planning area into GCCC’s Nature Conservation
Strategy Database. In particular, establish a database for rare and threatened, and locally
significant species.
S3.4 Continue to support local community ornithological groups undertaking bird surveys
within the conservation area.
S3.5 Prepare and implement local recovery plans for threatened and significant fauna
species of the conservation area, including swamp wallaby, common planigale, Lewin’s
rail, koala, rose crowned fruit dove, grey headed flying fox and little bent-wing bat.
S3.6 Enhance buffering, ecological viability and faunal habitat by increasing the extent of
native vegetation across the reserve as part of the Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Restoration Plan (Section 3.1.2 Native Plants).
S3.7 Avoid rapid, broad acre control of pest plants to ensure that there are no abrupt
changes in the availability of fauna habitat across the conservation area.
S3.8 Consider the placement of habitat structures, such as logs and hollows, in areas
receiving weed treatment.
S3.9 Collaborate with the Department of Main Roads, QPWS, Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary
and other adjacent land managers concerning the planning and management of lands
adjacent to the conservation area in order to ensure the long-term viability of all native
animal species found in the conservation area, especially those with large home ranges
that are dependent on the existence of suitable habitat(s) outside the conservation area.
In particular promote an integrated approach across all land tenures aimed at the
retention or creation of:
• Suitable habitats, notably for those species with large home ranges; and
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

• Regional-scale wildlife corridors.
S3.10 Promote responsible pet ownership in the neighbourhood, focusing on controlling
domestic animals and alternative dog exercise areas. This should be implemented through
Ranger patrols, reserve signage, the distribution of resident information packages and field
days (Section 3.7 Community Involvement, Interpretation and Education).
S3.11 Promote public understanding and appreciation of native animals to increase
awareness of local fauna conservation issues as part of the Interpretation Plan (Section 3.7
Community Involvement, Interpretation and Education).
S3.12 Dog walking will not be permitted within the conservation area to protect native
fauna populations.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.2 Managing for Protection
3.2.1 Pest Plants
Environmental weeds are an ever-present threat to the conservation values of the planning
area. Weeds can out compete native plants, which can change vegetation communities,
prevent regeneration and reduce habitat values.
Of the 159 flora species recorded for the Conservation Area, 38 species (approximately
24%) are exotic or not native to the Gold Coast City. Although this represents a moderately
high percentage by species occurrence, many of the exotic species present occur in low
numbers, or where occurring in higher abundances are generally restricted to grassland
and shrubby wattle regrowth areas.
The Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration Plan provides for the short and long-term
restoration of native plant communities by a systematic pest plant control program. The
plan proposes an ongoing, integrated program of regeneration and weed control. The
program is based on the demarcation of discrete work zones which progressively undergo
primary regeneration work until stabilised before commencing work in the next zone.
Controlling pest plants at Tugun Hill presents good opportunities for restoring native plant
communities and fauna habitat.
The integrity of the mature blackbutt open forest is at serious threat from invasion of
surrounding weeds. The initial major focus of weed control will be on preventing invasion
of this area and allowing favourable conditions for the regeneration and expansion of this
community.
The major weed species of most conservation concern within Tugun Hill include molasses
grass and lantana. These weeds seriously limit the ability for native communities to
expand. It is unlikely that the regeneration of native species, particularly sclerophyll
species, will occur while molasses grass and lantana are dominating some areas.
Council also has obligations under the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management)
Act 2002 to eradicate, control and contain declared pest plants on land it manages. Five
declared species have been recorded within Tugun Hill, including Bitou Bush, Groundsel
Bush, Annual Ragweed, Crofton Weed and Mistflower. Each of these species occurs in low
numbers and will be controlled through appropriate techniques.
The east and south of the planning area is bordered by residential development. Typically,
the impacts of surrounding land-uses adds to the management requirements of bushland
areas and can jeopardise the success of conservation focused land management activities.
Pest plants will be an ongoing problem due to the ease with which weed propagules can
enter the land: the dumping of domestic garden waste, the inappropriate discharge of
stormwater into the reserve, and existing sources of seeds associated with and other plant
propagules on the site are the main sources. There are a number of weed species already
known to occur within the conservation area as a result of escaping from local gardens.
Desired Outcomes
• To ensure the adverse impacts of pest plants on native flora and fauna, Aboriginal
and historic sites, and landscapes in the conservation area are prevented or
minimised.
• To control and where possible eradicate weeds using methods that minimise
disturbance and maximises benefits to natural systems and conservation area
values.
• That no new pest plant becomes established in the conservation area
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

• To meet the obligations of weed control under the Land Protection (Pest and Stock
Route Management) Act 2002.
Management Strategies
S4.1 Implement the Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration Plan for the control of pest
plants as part of an integrated ecological restoration program (see also Section 5.1.2
Native Plants).
S4.2 The Natural Areas Management Unit will manage all weed control programs, including
management of scheduled species, to ensure an integrated and controlled program of pest
plant control is undertaken.
S4.3 Avoid rapid, broad acre control of pest plants to ensure that there are no abrupt
changes in the availability of fauna habitat across the conservation area (Section 3.1.3
Native Animals).
S4.4 Maintain a database of all known weed species and populations. This will include
abundance and distribution information, treatment histories for all species and mapping of
weed distribution.
S4.5 As a priority, maintain the integrity and prevent the spread of all pest plants within
the sub-tropical rainforest patch.
S4.6 As a priority, restrict the invasion of pest plants into the mature Blackbutt open
forest by removing weeds, particularly molasses grass and lantana, and allow favourable
conditions for natural regeneration.
S4.7 Establish an evaluation program to determine the effectiveness of weed control
efforts, particularly in relation to conservation outcomes.
S4.8 Prepare a recommended planting list of locally occurring plant species to be used in
revegetation projects.
S4.9 Develop and distribute appropriate pest plant information to residents of the local
area, seeking their cooperation in reducing the presence of these species in local gardens
and reducing dumping of garden waste in the reserve. Consider a free plants replacement
program to encourage replacement of undesirable species.
S4.10 Discourage and police the dumping of garden waste within the conservation area as
part of a regular patrol program.
S4.11 Remove, as a priority, any newly established weed outbreaks within the
conservation area.
S4.12 Where possible use plant species of local provenance for revegetation work.
S4.13 Promote weed control strategies and efforts undertaken.
3.2.2 Pest Animals
Introduced animals are those species not native to the planning area. They have an
unacceptable impact on the area by predation, displacement or competition with native
animals. Preliminary pest animal surveying has identified the fox, brown hare, black rat
and house mouse as being present in the planning area. Domestic dogs have historically
been walked and it is also likely that domestic cats commonly enter the conservation area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Small fauna populations in remnant ecosystems such as Tugun Hill may be particularly
vulnerable to predation by or competition from pest animals. This is because remnants
frequently support lower numbers of fauna, and these populations are less resilient to
chance events and external pressures in the same way that populations that are naturally
isolated, such as those on islands, are prone to extinction.
Foxes, domestic dogs and cats contribute the major potential threat to the native fauna of
the conservation area, endangering ground-nesting or dwelling birds, such as Lewin’s rail,
and small to medium-sized mammals, including swamp wallaby, koala and common
planigale.
Foxes are likely to be present in low to medium densities throughout the conservation area
and adjoining properties, including neighbouring urban areas. Foxes readily survive and
prosper in urban areas, and bushland areas such as Tugun Hill provide ideal shelters.
Research into the ecological effects of feral and domestic animals on the native plants and
animals, and monitoring of population sizes are essential to establish the criteria for nonnative
animal management. Thorough wildlife surveys are required to determine the
distribution and abundance of foxes (and other identified pest animals) within the planning
area. Surveys could also be conducted with the co-operation of enthusiastic local
residents, neighbours and walkers, collecting data on pest animal sightings, tracks and
scats. This information, combined with any gathered by Council, may provide an insight
into the extent of pest animal populations.
Built-up areas represent a special set of problems in the management of pest animals.
Urban density may restrict the use of broad scale pest-management approaches routinely
employed in rural areas due to proven or perceived hazards to people, animals that are not
being targeted or the environment. Generally, control of foxes will be restricted to the use
of traps (such as Soft-Catch® traps and cage traps) due to the restriction on poisoning and
shooting. Pest control methods currently under development that may be useful in built-up
areas include the use of immuno-contraception, which may offer longer-term solutions to
fox problems throughout the area.
It is also important to address the human dimension of pest animal problems, as there may
be conflicting opinions in the local community regarding pest animal control. Successful
pest management projects in Queensland’s urban areas have been run in an open manner
that stressed community awareness and encouraged public enquiry. For example, work in
Noosa National Park that used a community consultation and involvement program led to
reduced predation by foxes on a variety of vulnerable fauna and has resulted in increased
numbers of swamp wallaby.
A variety of native animals within Tugun Hill such as possums, gliders, koalas, wallabies,
lizards, small mammals and many birds, maybe also be at risk from domestic animals. If
unchecked, domestic dogs and cats harass and even kill native wildlife. Even though their
human owners carefully meet their pet's requirements for food and shelter, dogs and cats
have an instinctive hunting and chasing behaviour. Domestic pets also occur in high
numbers in urban areas, where native animal numbers are fewer. So even though each
individual animal may only kill or injure a small number of native animals, it has a bigger
effect on the already reduced population.
To protect the significant fauna populations within Tugun Hill, domestic animals will be
prohibited. An education program will be developed focusing on the relationship between
domestic animals and conservation, and alternative areas for dog exercise.
Desired Outcomes
• The adverse impacts of introduced animals on native flora and fauna are prevented or
minimised.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

• No new introduced animal becomes established in the conservation area
• The obligations for introduced animal control under the Land Protection (Pest and
Stock Route Management) Act 2002 are met.
Management Strategies
S5.1 Develop a database of all known introduced animal species and populations. This will
include mapped abundance and distribution information, and control histories for all
species.
S5.2 Develop a fox monitoring program to identify fox distribution and abundance, and the
criteria for a fox control program.
S5.3 Develop a wildlife survey sheet for distribution to neighbours and other interested
members of the public to assist in the gathering of information on pest animal distribution,
impacts and abundance.
S5.4 Investigate options for a fox control program utilising techniques with consideration
of legislative and restrictive impacts upon non-target (ie. domestic and native) animals.
S5.5 Evaluate the environmental and social acceptability of all introduced animal control
methods before they are adopted.
S5.6 Promote proposed introduced animal control strategies to build community support
for such programs.
S5.7 Domestic animals will be prohibited from Tugun Hill Conservation Area.
S5.8 Include Tugun Hill Conservation Area in the Ranger Patrol Program to educate and
police dog walkers.
S5.9 Promote community awareness and understanding of the potential and actual impacts
of domestic animals on the values of the conservation area, and encourage responsible pet
ownership within the neighbourhood, through the Interpretation Plan. Include information
of the ‘no domestic animals’ policy and advice on nearby locations suitable for dog
walking.
3.2.3 Fire Management
A Fire Management Plan will be developed for the planning area in consultation with
neighbouring landholders, Queensland Fire and Rescue Service and the local brigade. Fire
management must aim to achieve both long-term conservation of native plant and animal
communities and ongoing protection of life and property within and adjacent to the area.
Property Protection
A protection zone and emergency access road has been developed to reduce the threat
posed by fires in the conservation area to adjoining and nearby residences. Between the
access road and property boundaries, vegetation will be maintained at specified heights
and densities to reduce the fire hazard to adjoining properties.
Fire management responsibilities are shared by all landholders: the opportunity exists for
Council and the Fire and Rescue Services to work with landholders to reduce the hazard
posed by vegetation on their own lands in the event of fire.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

By establishing the protection zone and working with landholders to better manage their
property, the need to conduct regular fuel reduction activities across the reserve is greatly
reduced and therefore fire management for ecological purposes is possible.
Fire and ecological management
Populations of flora and fauna within small isolated bushland remnants are at risk of local
extinction following catastrophic disturbances, such as a large wildfire or an inappropriate
fire regime. In larger less isolated populations recovery by recolonisation would be
expected, however Tugun Hill’s flora and fauna remains fragile. It is therefore important
that appropriate fire regimes are maintained.
Fire is widely accepted as an integral component of the development of Australia’s
ecosystems. At Tugun Hill, the frequency and nature of fire has changed but its role in the
ecosystem is still important.
Protecting rainforest in the planning area from fire is critical to its regeneration. By
contrast, the eucalypt dominated blackbutt forest is adapted to fire of a seasonal nature
and, over time, some species of flora and fauna may be lost if fire is suppressed, occurs
too often or is otherwise inappropriate. Recommended fire intervals for mature blackbutt
open forest in SEQ is between 7 and 25 years (Watson, 2001). Planned fire should not be
implemented for ecological purposes below the lower limit, while communities
approaching the upper limit should be considered for burning. Burning should aim at
varying the interfire interval within the upper and lower parameters, with an emphasis on
the longer end of the spectrum. The last fire occurred in the planning area in 1997,
however a more accurate fire history is needed to understand the current condition of the
vegetation and in proposing future fire regimes.
Planning for the role of fire in maintaining ecosystem functions, species and biodiversity is
complicated by a number of factors at Tugun Hill.
1. The ecosystem has changed substantially: burning of some areas or too large an area
may impact critically on certain species of flora or fauna.
2. The local fire history is not known: the use of fire for broad control of species such as
molasses grass may impact on flora already on the brink of local extinction.
3. Control of intervals between planned burns is not easy due to arson and unintentional
fires.
4. Proximity to houses, major roads and the airport flight path must be taken into account
and may prevent burning.
5. Pest plants such as molasses grass and lantana add substantial fuel loads to the
degraded sections of the reserve.
Joseph (2005) suggests that the short-term restoration of sclerophyll forest within the
conservation area should be focussed on an ongoing program of weed control, rather than
the immediate use of fire, especially in controlling suppressive exotic grass species.
However, the long-term management of the vegetation communities will require the use of
fire for restoration purposes and a detailed program will be required as part of the Fire
Management Plan. Any burns planned for Tugun Hill will be implemented on a mosaic
scale, with only small patches to be burned in any one year. It is recommended that trial
burning plots be implemented to monitor the regeneration potential of the sclerophyll
forest.
Desired Outcomes
• Fire is managed to protect human life and property within and adjacent to the
conservation area, including aboriginal heritage and management structures.
• Fire is managed to maintain and enhance viability of all native plant and animal species
and communities in the conservation area through the application of bushfire
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

management that takes into account the necessary temporal, spatial and seasonal
variability required to maintain diversity in different ecological communities.
• Fire is excluded from ecological communities that are not tolerant of fire.
• Fire management is undertaken in cooperation with neighbours and other relevant
organisations.
• Unplanned fires are prevented from entering the conservation area.
Management Strategies
S6.1 Prepare and implement a Fire Management Plan for the conservation area by 2008
that provides for the protection of life, property and the conservation area’s natural and
cultural values.
S6.2 Until a Fire Management Plan is prepared, fire management should be carried out in
accordance with GCCC Management Guidelines for sites acquired with funds from the Open
Space Preservation Levy (December 2004).
S6.3 Develop and maintain a mapping database which establishes mapping layers for
effective fire planning, including:
• Basic topographic attributes
• Vegetation communities, including information on age classes;
• Rare, endangered and significant plant species and communities;
• The habitats of rare and threatened native animal species;
• Fire histories, including ignition sources and fire path information;
• Fuel attributes;
• Management trails and fire breaks;
• Water points; and
• Infrastructure and assets.
S6.4 Establish a maintenance regime for the Asset Protection Zone, ensuring fuel loads are
managed at a sustainable level.
S6.5 Ensure any burns planned at Tugun Hill are implemented on a mosaic scale: only small
patches are to be burned in any one year, reflecting the limited availability of fauna
habitat and population size of some flora species.
S6.6 Maintain close cooperation with other agencies, neighbours and the local Rural Fire
Service for the management of fire within and adjoining the conservation area.
S6.7 Aim to protect hollow trees and logs from fire during prescribed burning operations.
S6.8 Liaise with the Department of Main Roads to reduce fuel loads on the M1 embankment
north of Tugun Hill with the aim of reducing potential ignition points.
S6.9 Protect rainforest vegetation on the south-west side of the hill and along the
creekline in the north-east from fire.
S6.10 Investigate options for long term fire management within sclerophyll forest as part
of the Fire Management Plan and in conjunction with the Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Restoration Plan. Recommended intervals for mature blackbutt open forest in SEQ is
between 7 and 25 years (Watson, 2001).
S6.11 Develop a fire and fuel monitoring program utilising techniques described within the
Southeast Queensland Fire and Biodiversity Consortium Monitoring Manual.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

S6.12 The Natural Area’s Management Unit will be responsible for coordinating the
prescribed burning program within the conservation area.
S6.13 Any prescribed burning operations within the mature Blackbutt forest should aim to
avoid the flowering period of the Rare rosy hyacinth orchid (Dipodium pulchellum)
between December and May, with any burning preferable post flowering.
S6.14 Monitor bush regeneration and assess the need for fire as a regeneration tool as part
of the Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration Plan. Consider preparing two 5x5 metre
trial burning sites and monitor the regenerative potential.
S6.15 Encourage further research into the ecological effects of fire on flora and fauna
within the conservation area, in particular determining specific fire regime requirements
for vegetation communities and individual plant and animal species. Emphasis will initially
be given to the management of the Blackbutt moist open forest.
S6.16 Maintain management trails identified in Section 5.7 Managing Access for fire
management purposes.
S6.17 Keep the public, particularly neighbours, informed of fire management activities
and restrict public access during prescribed burning where required.
S6.18 Encourage and support appropriate fire management and property protection on
neighbouring properties.
S6.19 Provide advice to other Council departments assessing proposed developments
adjacent to the planning area to ensure that all necessary bushfire hazard reduction
measures are incorporated into new developments.
S6.20 Open fires will be prohibited in Tugun Hill Conservation Area.
3.2.4 Habitat Fragmentation and Isolation
The importance of wildlife corridors has been emphasised in several studies, suggesting
that habitat patches may not be able to maintain species populations in isolation but that
they may survive indefinitely with some exchange of individuals and genetic material. It is
in this context that corridors have become a significant factor in conservation management
systems, in an attempt to reduce the isolation of spatially separated populations and to
potentially increase the total area of habitat available.
Currently, the conservation area retains links to the major habitat system of the Cobaki
wetlands in the south which, to a large extent, accounts in the good species diversity
within the planning area. It also forms part of a linkage stretching into the Currumbin
Valley to the west and higher altitudinal areas. Studies in the area suggest that fauna
groups including ground dwelling mammals, birds and bats would utilise this fauna
corridor. These wildlife corridors are recognised as key linkages in council’s Nature
Conservation Strategy.
Fragmentation acts to isolate subpopulations and may, in small isolated populations such
as Tugun Hill, result in local extinction through the deleterious effects of inbreeding and
loss of genetic variation. Roads may act as a barrier through increasing road mortality or
road avoidance. Loss of connectivity may be most significant for small mammals,
amphibians, reptiles and passerine birds.
Increasing distances between remnants can also lead to declines in breeding opportunities
for plants that rely on bird and insect pollination. As well, fruitivorous species, including
birds and flying foxes, may be restricted in seed dispersal from remnant areas. These
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

changes may impact on native vegetation communities including the populations of rare
flora at Tugun Hill.
The planning area would suffer increased isolation as a result of the Tugun Bypass
proposal, with major roads on two sides and urban development on two sides. As part of
the proposal a fauna exclusion fence is to be erected on the western edge of the planning
area to restrict fauna movement across the bypass, in an effort to limit road mortality.
Fauna would need to utilize the thin strip of dry open forest on the western slopes of
Tugun Heights to move south, but may be limited in their ability to access habitats such as
Hidden Valley. The road may also act as a deterrent to the passage of birds overhead
between the Cobaki area and the habitats and resources of the Currumbin area.
Council will continue to liaise with the Department of Main Roads to determine possible
mitigation structures in an effort to maintain habitat connectivity between the planning
area and Hidden Valley.
It is recommended that a management/recovery program be established in order to
monitor the effects of further development in the area and ensure the continued longterm
survival of fauna populations. This will be done in conjunction with the Department
of Main Roads who will manage the Tugun Bypass biodiversity monitoring program.
Desired Outcomes
� Wildlife corridors are maintained and/or enhanced.
� Future developments do not impact upon the ecological values of the planning area.
Management Strategies
S7.1 NAMU is to be a key stakeholder in the strategic planning of areas affecting the
management of Tugun Hill Conservation Area.
S7.2 Continue liaising with the Department of Main Roads in relation to management of
existing vegetation and establishing new vegetation along the proposed Tugun Bypass route
with the aim of preventing the loss of all terrestrial links between Tugun Hill and areas
south of the road corridor.
S7.3 Liaise with the Department of Main Roads in relation to the proposed Hidden Valley
fauna mitigation structures 600m south of the reserve ensuring the structure and
vegetation linkage to the reserve is viable.
S7.4 Liaise with appropriate land managers in developing region wide strategies in the coordinated
management of the Currumbin to Cobaki lakes reserves as an interrelated
reserve system.
S7.5 Establish a fauna monitoring program, in conjunction with the Department of Main
Roads, as part of the Tugun Bypass Biodiversity Monitoring Program to identify impacts and
mitigation measures required as a result of the Tugun Bypass development.
S7.6 Support the acquisition or protection of lands within the identified corridors to
improve the representation and connectivity of vegetation communities.
S7.7 Support strategic revegetation activities which improve the connectivity of habitats
within the identified corridors and along creek lines.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.3 Managing Cultural Heritage
There has been no formal cultural heritage study conducted in Tugun Hill. However, it is
known that the area was once well used by Aboriginal people and still remains important
today.
Aboriginal occupation of the area is known to extend back for thousands of years. An
Aboriginal camp-midden complex located to the south of the Conservation Area provides
evidence of a great deal of Aboriginal activity and has been scientifically dated at 6,000
years.
The journals of Joseph Banks on Wednesday the 16 th May, 1770 describes “many fires” in
the area when the Endeavour, under the command of Captain James Cook, was abreast of
the coast and north of Point Danger. The fires were an indication of many Aboriginal
camps.
Aboriginal communities have an association and connection to the land. The land and
water biodiversity values within a landscape are central to Aboriginal spirituality and
contribute to Aboriginal identity. Aboriginal communities associate natural resources with
the use and enjoyment of foods and medicines, caring for the land, passing on cultural
knowledge and strengthening social bonds. Aboriginal heritage and nature are inseparable
from each other and need to be managed in an integrated manner across the landscape.
Under the provisions of the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 Council is strongly bound
to assess and protect Aboriginal cultural heritage values, particularly where any
construction or disturbance is planned.
Following European occupation, the Conservation Area has had a mixed use and was once
owned by a family of orchardists, as evidenced by mango trees on the banks of Flat Rock
Creek. Future landholdings saw the area grazed as part of a local dairy farm run by the
Hayter family. The two decades prior to acquisition saw no specific use of the property and
was part of the landholdings of the Neumann group of companies.
Desired Outcomes
� Aboriginal sites, places and landscapes of significance are conserved and protected
from damage.
� There is cooperative and integrated management of Aboriginal places and relics with
the Aboriginal community and the relevant agencies.
� There is increased visitor understanding of the important Aboriginal cultural heritage
values of the conservation area.
Management Strategies
S8.1 Consult Aboriginal people who have a traditional association with the land, and
relevant State and Commonwealth Aboriginal heritage authorities, in decisions regarding
the management of Aboriginal cultural heritage, including identification of sites, and
actions to protect objects, sites and landscapes features.
S8.2 Undertake an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment of the conservation area in
partnership with the local Aboriginal community.
S8.3 Facilitate the interpretation of Aboriginal cultural values and incorporate within the
Interpretation Plan for the conservation area in agreement from local Aboriginal
community.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

S8.4 Support Aboriginal community proposals to undertake interpretation of Aboriginal
cultural values of the conservation area.
S8.5 Undertake cultural heritage assessments prior to any new works and developments
likely to impact on Aboriginal heritage values in accordance with the requirements of the
Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003.
S8.6 Assess the significance and encourage further research into the European history of
the planning area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.4 Managing Recreation
Tugun Hill offers a recreation setting that is distinct from other nearby parks. The main
recreation values are in opportunities for walking, nature observation and interpretation.
The site constraints - threatened conservation values, size of the area, the steep
topography and issues of noise pollution - reduce its potential for becoming a major
recreation hub.
Tugun Hill is valued highly by many local area residents for its wildlife, visual amenity and
natural values. Protection of these values and features can be best achieved if locals and
other visitors to the area are aware of the overall and specific significance of Tugun Hill.
Protection will also be aided through communication and understanding of the issues which
impact upon conservation and management.
Passive recreation in the reserve will be encouraged. However recreational usage and
conservation of ecological values need to be considered in the same context. Overtime,
this type of use can negatively influence the values of the reserve by slowly degrading
habitats through trampling, littering, disturbance and erosion. Because of the fragile
nature of the planning area proposed activities will be restricted to low impact nature
based activities such as bushwalking, picnicking and nature appreciation.
Future management will focus on providing a low key, well-developed and maintained
interpretive walking trail. The Tugun Hill Habitat Walk and Gully Circuit Walk will utilise
existing trails and highlight the features of the reserve. Some minor infrastructure,
including a seat at the high point of the walking trail and entry point containing picnic
table, landscaping and interpretive panels at the entrance to the reserve will be installed.
Links to and from other recreation areas will be developed and promoted in association
with conservation initiatives.
Desired Outcomes
• A range of appropriate recreation opportunities and low-key visitor facilities that
encourage appreciation of the natural and cultural values are provided in Tugun Hill
Conservation Area.
• Facilities are designed and managed to provide a satisfying and safe visitor experience
while minimising environmental and social impacts.
• Visitor use is compatible with the overarching management principle for Conservation
Areas, ie. Sites have been acquired primarily for nature conservation and must be
managed to preserve the ecological values that Council bought the site to protect and
used in such a way so not to have a negative impact on those values.
Management Strategies
S9.1 Develop the new Tugun Hill Habitat Walk and Gully Circuit designated in Figure 2,
including new sections of trail, steps and boardwalk. The boardwalk is to be along the flats
of the Flat Rock Creek gully. Steps are to be built on new sections of trail leading into the
gully to protect soils where the trail gradient is steep. The track will be built to Australian
Standards Class 2/3 according to the section.
S9.2 Develop an entry point to the Conservation Area beyond the gate at the Murray Street
cul de sac, including agreed Conservation Area naming signage, an information shelter
containing park information and interpretive materials, landscaping utilising endemic
species and a picnic table. Ensure that disabled access is incorporated into the design.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

S9.3 Install a bench seat, which is consistent with the natural areas theme, at the top of
Tugun Hill as part of the walking trail circuit in a position which captures the views
towards the ocean.
S9.4 Utilise the developed Council natural areas “signature” appearance for the
conservation area that is reflected in shared design or construction elements across all
forms of visitor infrastructure including: walking trails; boardwalks, stairs; bollards;
fences; information shelters; tables; seats and signs (Section 3.6 Managing Landscape and
Scenic Amenity).
S9.5 Implement the track closures designated in Figure 2. Investigate opportunities for
restoring closed tracks.
S9.6 Design and implement a visitor impact assessment program to monitor the impact of
visitors on the natural condition of the conservation area. This may include temporary or
permanent closure of sites or trails.
S9.7 Create a defined path linking the entrance to the ‘Gully Circuit’ to Toolona Park.
S9.8 Investigate opportunities for developing signage throughout the Tugun area advising
of a walking link to Tugun Hill Conservation Area: options include links to the ocean
forseshore, Len Wort Park, Alex Griffiths Park, Littleford Family Park, Hillcrest Avenue
road reserve through to Tooloona Park.
S9.9 Tugun Hill Conservation Area will be managed as a dog free area for the benefit of
native fauna: Tooloona Park is available for on-leash dog exercise and Atkin Park (500
metres from Tooloona Park) is an off-leash, supervised dog exercise area.
S9. Trail bikes and horse riding will not be permitted within the planning area. Bicycles
will be restricted to the formed fire protection zone trail and prohibited from internal
walking trails.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.5 Community Involvement, Interpretation and
Education
Providing information and environmental education can help orientate visitors, enhance
their visit, foster an understanding and appreciation of the reserve’s features and values,
encourage appropriate public use, reduce potential management problems and contribute
to a broader understanding of natural environments and management objectives.
No interpretation infrastructure currently exists at Tugun Hill. The current signage is
inconsistent with the natural areas theme, intrusive and ad hoc. As part of the
Interpretation Plan, a signage system will be designed to provide for directional and
interpretational needs of visitors, and to ensure that proposed interpretative facilities
enhance the management of the conservation area. Existing signs will be removed and
replaced with OSPL signature appearance signage and infrastructure.
Tugun Hill offers opportunities to develop themes relating to the area’s significant flora
and fauna, in particular the endangered blackbutt moist open forest, rare plant species,
habitat links and diverse fauna assemblage. Opportunities also exist for educating visitors
on council’s nature conservation initiatives as part of the Nature Conservation Strategy and
promoting the OSPL program.
Encouraging community and neighbour interest in the values of the conservation area and
raising community awareness of the management issues will be a critical factor in the
success of land management activities. Bushcare groups and volunteers make an important
contribution to the management of natural areas. These groups give valuable assistance by
being involved in important management projects that may require ongoing volunteer
support and act as stewards for Tugun Hill.
The opportunity exists for the formation of community partnerships at Tugun Hill which
will provide neighbours and locals with an interest in the conservation of the area’s natural
values to assist in monitoring, research, conservation and revegetation activities, and aid
in the management of the conservation area.
Desired Outcomes
• To engender appreciation, enjoyment and understanding of the conservation area’s
values and support for their ongoing protection.
• To encourage community and visitor involvement in the conservation and management
of the conservation area.
• Partnerships with organisations and statutory bodies that assist with the management
of the conservation area are supported.
Management Strategies
S10.1 Develop a reserve Interpretation Plan, including directional, interpretational and
risk management signs, a visitor display shelter at the Murray Street entry and self-guided
interpretation signage along the Tugun Hill Habitat Walk and Gully Circuit. Interpretive
themes could include the conservation status of the Blackbutt forest, fauna, threatened
species, habitat links and cultural heritage.
S10.2 Remove all existing signage and replace with signage proposed within the
Interpretation Plan.
S10.3 Ensure signage within the conservation area is low-key, unobtrusive and causes
minimal visual impact.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

S10.4 Signs and interpretive displays used within the conservation area will be consistent
with the ‘signature’ signage system developed for the City’s natural areas, enhancing the
identity of this as an OSPL site and reinforcing the City’s corporate identity.
S10.5 Monitor and maintain all interpretive facilities and signage to a high standard.
S10.6 Develop a neighbour information pamphlet highlighting access opportunities, the
sites of conservation significance and access restrictions applying to these areas, issues
related to pest plants and animals and fire management recommendations for properties
adjoining the reserve.
S10.7 Produce a visitor information brochure which promotes the planning areas natural
values and visitor opportunities, and also promotes GCCCs Nature Conservation Strategy
and OSPL acquisition program. Also include visitor information on the GCCC website.
S10.8 Include the planning area in the Ranger Walks and Talks program by conducting day
and night time guided tours of the reserve to communicate the area’s values and
management issues: reserve neighbours and regular visitors to the area should be
encouraged to become involved.
S10.9 Regularly review and update interpretive material for visitors.
S10.10 Encourage and facilitate the involvement of the local community, volunteers and
neighbours in reserve management programs, and support the formation of a local
bushcare group.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.5 Managing Access
The history of the planning area has meant that there are a number of trails which provide
no management benefit, have negative environmental impacts and are expensive to
maintain. Council will undertake restoration and rehabilitation work on trails not
considered necessary for management or recreation purposes.
Trail bike riding is one of the biggest threats to the conservation area. The ongoing use by
unauthorised trail bike riding has impacted on the soil, vegetation and habitat values of
the area. It is likely that further degradation would occur based on the rider’s preference
for developing new trails. This type of activity is incompatible with conserving and
improving the area’s natural values and is an unwelcome disturbance to adjacent
neighbours. Trail bike riding will not be permitted within the conservation area.
There are currently no effective barriers to trail bikes or other vehicles entering and
leaving the conservation area. Boundary fencing will be installed in the western and
northern sections of the reserve. Construction of the Tugun Bypass will significantly reduce
use of the area by trail bikes, and access will need to be managed predominantly in the
north-eastern corner. The planning area is part of the Ranger Patrol program.
Other threats include the damage to native plants caused by human visitors. Of particular
concern is the vulnerability of the rainforest, especially the understorey, to damage by
trampling and trail bike riding, which has implications for fauna habitat and the survival of
the rare species of plants. A short walking circuit is proposed and will include some lowkey
interpretation signage to highlight the values of the area and promote responsible
activity, including walking only on designated trails.
Desired Outcomes
• The vehicular track network is rationalised for essential management purposes only.
• Sensitive areas are protected from inappropriate access.
Management Strategies
S11.1 Repair existing fencing and install a perimeter access structure (bollards or fence as
determined) and access gates along the northern and western boundaries to reduce access
to the area by unauthorised vehicles. This is to be done in consultation with the
Department of Main Roads.
S11.2 Include the planning area as part of the Ranger Patrol Program to enforce access
regulations.
S11.3 Install bollard structures where required at the entrance to walking trails to restrict
vehicular access.
S11.4 Retain only the management trails on the western and northern perimeters, and the
I-zone trail for management and emergency vehicle access. Maintain the central northsouth
trail as a multi-use walking trail, with either side of this trail will be an additional
1000mm to allow for the movement of vehicles during fire management operations.
S11.5 Rehabilitate trails that are not required for either management, emergency or
recreation purposes
S11.6 Public vehicle access will not be permitted within Tugun Hill Conservation Area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.6 Managing Landscape and Scenic Amenity
Tugun Hill Conservation Area is an island of natural landscape in the highly urbanised
southern Gold Coast. The series of ridgelines provides a green backdrop to the coastal
lowlands of the border area and is visually prominent from many locations, including the
M1 motorway and proposed Tugun Bypass. These natural landscape features offer an
aesthetic natural backdrop for visitors entering the city.
Tugun Hill offers good views towards the Pacific Ocean from highpoints in the centre of the
conservation area. Walking within the reserve is a pleasant escape from the urbanised
environment with surrounding vegetation screening any visual intrusion of adjacent
residential development.
Desired Outcomes
• Landscape and scenic features are maintained and protected.
• Infrastructure complements and does not detract from the natural landscape.
Management Strategies
S12.1 Ensure visitor facilities and management infrastructure is located and designed so as
to minimise their visual impact.
S12.2 Utilise the developed Council natural areas “signature” appearance for the
conservation area that is reflected in shared design or construction elements across all
forms of visitor infrastructure including: walking trails; boardwalks, stairs; bollards;
fences; information shelters; seats and signs.
S12.3 Remove unsightly rubbish and old infrastructure, including internal fence lines, wire
and debris associated with previous landuse.
S12.4 Undertake a landscape plan for the Murray Street entry point and trailhead.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.7 Research and Monitoring
The purpose of undertaking scientific research and monitoring is to provide Council with a
comprehensive understanding of the natural components, as well as ecological processes of
the area. This enables for focussed, efficient and effective management strategies. It also
provides a better understanding of the ecological requirements of rare and threatened
species.
There will be continuing need to monitor the impact of visitor use of the area over time.
While usage may be low to begin with, population growth in the area has the potential to
place a significant amount of pressure on the conservation area.
The objective of this plan is to achieve sustainable management of the range of values
associated with the conservation area and, in particular, to preserve the ecological values
that Council purchased the site to protect. Monitoring and evaluation will allow
identification of developing management issues and changes in existing management
practices necessary to ensure protection of the ecological values of the site.
Monitoring and research may also identify further natural and cultural resource information
or management issues that may require amendments to proposed management strategies.
Desired Outcomes
• Research contributes to the effective and strategic management of Tugun Hill
Conservation Area
• Monitoring provides information on the trend in condition of the conservation area’s
values.
• Research and monitoring are used to assess the success and appropriateness of
management actions.
Management Strategies
S13.1 Undertake monitoring programs as required by this plan of management, including:
• Restoration and regeneration;
• Recreational impacts;
• Pest plants and animals;
• Fire and fuel monitoring.
S13.2 Establish a fauna monitoring program, in conjunction with the Department of Main
Roads, as part of the Tugun Bypass Biodiversity Monitoring Program to identify impacts and
mitigation measures required as a result of the Tugun Bypass development.
S13.3 Develop and maintain a database for storing and managing information regarding
research, survey and monitoring programs. Ensure that collected data can be analysed
statistically.
S13.4 Support research in the conservation area which aims to:
• Increase knowledge of conservation area values and conservation significance;
• Understand the nature and rate of any change in these values;
• Improve knowledge about visitor satisfaction, use, characteristics and impacts; and
• Improve management practices for the natural and cultural resources.
S13.5 Adapt management practices to take into account threats, changes and
opportunities identified in monitoring surveys/research studies.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

S13.6 Prepare and update a prospectus of priority research projects to be distributed to
research organisations and/or tertiary institutions as a guide to preferred research projects
within the conservation area. Priority topics include:
• The most appropriate fire regimes for particular vegetation communities and
individual plant and animal species.
• The role of wildlife corridors in the area.
• Fauna mitigation measures to aid in Tugun Bypass construction.
• The impact of the Tugun Bypass development on the ecology of the conservation
area.
• The impact of introduced animals on the ecology of the conservation area.
• Monitoring of significant species and communities
• Monitoring of vegetation change and succession
• Cultural heritage research
• Threatened species research and further understanding of management
requirements.
S13.7 Maintain a register of research and surveys undertaken in the planning area.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

3.8 Naming of the Conservation Area
Council’s Naming of Parks and Community Facilities Policy includes a general principle
relevant to lands acquired with the OSPL. The principle suggests that the name of each
area should describe both the general location and key natural values that the parkland
supports.
If no other suitable name is determined ‘Tugun Hill Conservation Area’ will be permanently
adopted. Naming of the conservation area will be resolved at the adoption of this plan of
management by Council.
Desired Outcomes
• The name of the conservation area is formalised at the adoption of this plan of
management.
Management Strategy
S14.1 No further signage and communication materials are to be produced until the name
of the area is agreed at adoption of this plan of management.
S14.2 If no suitable alternative is found, the name ‘Tugun Hill Conservation Area’ will be
formalised as the accepted name.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Chapter 4 - Plan Implementation
This plan of management provides the strategic framework that governs the development
and delivery of all management programs and actions affecting Tugun Hill Conservation
Area.
The effective maintenance and management of Tugun Hill Conservation Area depends on a
regular and reliable input of resources. In addition it will be necessary to fund new capital
works programs. As these projects are developed in more detail and the exact resources
required are identified, these projects can be resourced accordingly.
The Natural Areas Management Unit (NAMU) of Gold Coast City Council will undertake dayto-day
management of the conservation area and will coordinate the implementation of
this plan of management. On occasions NAMU will utilise other Council staff and
contractors for the implementation of actions. It is important that all staff understand
their responsibility in regards to working within sensitive natural areas.
The orderly implementation of this plan will be undertaken within the annual works
program of NAMU. Chapter 5 has assigned priorities to each separate management
strategy. These priorities will be reviewed during the development of these programs and
will be subject to conservation area priorities, the availability of funding and staff, and
regional priorities.
For effective delivery of this plan of management it will be important that consultation
between NAMU, councillors and relevant council staff is undertaken to ensure consistency
with management objectives.
A review of this plan of management will be undertaken by NAMU within 10 years from the
date of approval.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Chapter 5 – Summary of Management
Strategies
Priority assigned to proposed activities: High priority activities are those imperative to
achievement of the objectives and desired outcomes. They must be undertaken in the near
future to avoid significant deterioration in natural, cultural or management resources.
Medium priority activities are those that are necessary to achieve the objectives and
desired outcomes but are not urgent. Low priority activities are desirable to achieve
management objectives and desired outcomes but can wait until resources become
available.
REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PRIORITY DURATION
MANAGING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Geology, hydrology and catchment management
S1.1 Ensure conservation area facilities, visitor use and High Ongoing
S1.2
management actions do not adversely impact on water
quality or soil landscapes.
Locate new infrastructure and facilities outlined in this High As required
plan on previously disturbed sites wherever possible.
S1.3 Develop a staged rehabilitation plan for Flat Rock Creek
drainage line between the conservation area’s northeastern
boundary and the Motorway; the species
composition should reflect the predicted original
S1.4
vegetation type – Regional Ecosystem 12.3.11 (GCCC
Vegetation Type 6).
Avoid further interference to the natural drainage patterns
within and adjacent to the reserve.
Native Plants
S2.1 Implement the Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration
Plan as a matter of priority.
S2.2 Manage the sub-tropical rainforest community for
protection purposes by restricting visitor access to this
area, avoiding burning and removing weeds.
S2.3 Manage the Blackbutt moist open forest for protection
purposes by allowing only walking access to this area along
designated, existing trails (See Section 3.4 Managing
Recreation)
S2.4 Prioritise the restoration of the Blackbutt moist open forest
by promoting favourable recruitment conditions and
utilising the zoning approach as outlined in the Tugun Hill
Conservation Area Restoration Plan.
S2.5 Develop a systematic monitoring program to assess the
regeneration of native plant species within key vegetation
types in association with the Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Restoration Plan. Monitoring results will be used to refine,
as necessary, restoration practices.
S2.6 Establish monitoring regimes for key plant species regarded
as threatened or significant to measure the success of
management practices in maintaining or improving the
conservation status of these species and to record ongoing
change.
S2.7 Develop and implement a buffer planting plan for the
western edge of the Conservation Area in partnership with
Department of Main Roads.
Medium Long term
High Ongoing
High Immediate
High Immediate
High Immediate
High Immediate
Medium Ongoing
Medium Ongoing
Medium Within 2 years
S2.8 Implement infill revegetation along the edge of the rock
lined drainage channel: consider planting within the
channel where appropriate to enhance sediment control,
habitat establishment and improve the aesthetic quality of
the area.
Low Within 3 years
S2.9 Only use those species recorded within Tugun Hill High Ongoing
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Conservation Area for revegetation projects.
PRIORITY DURATION
S2.10 Manage threatened species populations in accordance with
the declared management intent of the listing under the
Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 1994.
High Ongoing
S2.11 Develop a program of seed collection from other local Low
provenance populations of threatened plant species to
increase the size and genetic diversity of the local
populations.
Medium term
S2.12 Consider the translocation of threatened and significant
plant species which are likely to be removed during the
Medium As required
Tugun Bypass construction in conjunction with the
S2.13
Department of Main Roads.
Ensure that management operations, such as slashing, fire,
weed control and road and walking trail maintenance, do
not impact upon significant plant species and communities.
High Immediate
S2.14 Develop walking trails as outlined in this plan of
management with the aim of reducing impacts on native
plant communities by utilising existing trails.
High Immediate
S2.15 Undertake fire management in a manner that enhances and
protects species diversity in vegetation communities and
encourages recruitment of significant species as identified
in Section 5.2.3 Fire Management.
High Ongoing
S2.16 Encourage surveys and research on significant plant and
vegetation communities to improve knowledge of their
management requirements and recruitment capabilities.
Medium Ongoing
S2.17 Promote public understanding and appreciation of the Medium Ongoing
native plants and vegetation communities of the
conservation area within the context of the Interpretation
Plan (Chapter 5.8 Community Involvement, Interpretation
and Education). The plan will include strategies for
interpreting:
• The values and significance of the Blackbutt
vegetation and rare and significant plant species;
• The strategies adopted by GCCC to reduce
•
threatening processes on the native vegetation of
the conservation area;
The role of visitors in protecting native plants
through the adoption of minimal impact recreation
protocols.
S2.18 Promote the planting of local native garden species by Medium
neighbours directly bordering the conservation area.
Ongoing
Native animals
S3.1 Protect and enhance the conservation status of native High
animal populations in the conservation area by:
Ongoing
• Controlling
Animals)
pest animals (Section 3.2.2 Pest
• Prohibiting domestic animals from entering the
conservation area (Section 3.2.2 Pest Animals)
• Maintaining and enhancing critical habitat corridors
(3.2.4 Habitat Isolation & Fragmentation)
• Implementing appropriate fire regimes and
•
maintaining mature vegetation and critical habitat
components such as tree hollows and fallen wood
debris (Section 3.2.3 Fire Management)
Restoring critical habitat (Section 3.1.1 Native
Plants)
S3.2 Develop a fauna survey program to identify the presence,
abundance and distribution of fauna at Tugun Hill. Some
emphasis must be placed on:
High Immediate
• Determining
populations
the population status of fauna
• Identifying any changes as a result of future
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
development
PRIORITY DURATION
• Confirming the use of weedy areas for habitat and
this information fed into implementing the Tugun
Hill Conservation Area Restoration Plan.
S3.3 Incorporate wildlife records for the planning area into High Ongoing
GCCCs Nature Conservation Strategy Database. In
S3.4
particular, establish a database for rare and threatened,
and locally significant species.
Continue to support local community ornithological groups Low Ongoing
undertaking bird surveys within the conservation area.
S3.5 Prepare and implement local recovery plans for threatened
and significant fauna species of the conservation area,
including swamp wallaby, common planigale, Lewin’s rail,
koala, rose crowned fruit dove, grey headed flying fox and
little bent-wing bat.
S3.6 Enhance buffering, ecological viability and faunal habitat
by increasing the extent of native vegetation across the
reserve as part of the Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Restoration Plan (Section 3.1.2 Native Plants).
S3.7 Avoid rapid, broad acre control of pest plants to ensure
that there are no abrupt changes in the availability of
fauna habitat across the conservation area.
S3.8 Consider the placement of habitat structures, such as logs
and hollows, in areas receiving weed treatment.
S3.9 Collaborate with the Department of Main Roads, QPWS,
Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary and other adjacent land
managers concerning the planning and management of
lands adjoining the conservation area in order to ensure
the long-term viability of all native animal species found in
the conservation area, especially those with large home
ranges that are dependent on the existence of suitable
habitat(s) outside the conservation area. In particular
promote an integrated approach across all land tenures
aimed at the retention or creation of:
• Suitable habitats, notably for those species with
large home ranges; and
• Regional-scale wildlife corridors.
S3.10 Promote responsible pet ownership in the neighbourhood,
focusing on controlling domestic animals and alternative
dog exercise areas. This should be implemented through
Ranger patrols, reserve signage, the distribution of
resident information packages and field days (Section 3.7
Community Involvement, Interpretation and Education).
S3.11 Promote public understanding and appreciation of native
animals to increase awareness of local fauna conservation
issues as part of the Interpretation Plan (Section 3.7
Community Involvement, Interpretation and Education).
S3.12 Dog walking will not be permitted within the conservation
area to protect native fauna populations.
MANAGING FOR PROTECTION
Pest plants
S4.1 Implement the Tugun Hill Conservation Area Restoration
Plan for the control of pest plants as part of an integrated
ecological restoration program (see also Section 5.1.2
Native Plants).
S4.2 The Natural Areas Management Unit will manage all weed
control programs, including management of scheduled
species, to ensure an integrated and controlled program of
introduced plant control is undertaken.
S4.3 Avoid rapid, broad acre control of pest plants to ensure
that there are no abrupt changes in the availability of
fauna habitat across the conservation area (Section 3.1.3
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management
High Within 2 years
High Long term
High Ongoing
Medium As required
High Immediate/
ongoing
High Ongoing
Medium Ongoing
High Immediate
High Immediate
High Immediate
High Ongoing

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Native Animals).
PRIORITY DURATION
S4.4 Maintain a database of all known weed species and
populations. This will include abundance and distribution
information, treatment histories for all species and
mapping of weed distribution.
Medium Ongoing
S4.5 As a priority, maintain the integrity and prevent the spread
of all pest plants within the sub-tropical rainforest patch.
High Immediate
S4.6 As a priority, restrict the invasion of pest plants into the High Immediate
mature Blackbutt open forest by removing weeds,
particularly molasses grass and lantana, and allow
favourable conditions for natural regeneration.
S4.7 Establish an evaluation program to determine the Medium Ongoing
S4.8
effectiveness of weed control efforts, particularly in
relation to conservation outcomes.
Prepare a recommended planting list of locally occurring
plant species to be used in revegetation projects.
Medium Within 12 months
S4.9 Develop and distribute appropriate pest plant information
to residents of the local area, seeking their cooperation in
reducing the presence of these species in local gardens and
reducing dumping of garden waste in the reserve. Consider
High Ongoing
a free plants replacement program to encourage
S4.10
replacement of undesirable species.
Discourage and police the dumping of garden waste within
the conservation area as part of a regular patrol program.
High Ongoing
S4.11 Remove, as a priority, any newly established weed
outbreaks within the conservation area.
High Ongoing
S4.12 Where possible use plant species of local provenance for
revegetation work.
High Ongoing
S4.13 Promote weed control strategies and efforts undertaken. Low As required
Pest animals
S5.1 Develop a database of all known introduced animal species
and populations. This will include mapped abundance and
distribution information, and control histories for all
species.
Medium Ongoing
S5.2 Develop a fox monitoring program to identify fox High Within 12
distribution and abundance, and the criteria for a fox
control program.
months/ Ongoing
S5.3 Develop a wildlife survey sheet for distribution to
neighbours and other interested members of the public to
assist in the gathering of information on pest animal
distribution, impacts and abundance.
Low Within 12 months
S5.4 Investigate options for a fox control program utilising High Within 2 years/
techniques with consideration of legislative and restrictive
impacts upon non-target (ie. domestic and native)
animals.
Ongoing
S5.5 Evaluate the environmental and social acceptability of all
introduced animal control methods before they are
adopted.
High As required
S5.6 Promote proposed introduced animal control strategies to
build community support for such programs.
Medium As required
S5.7 Domestic animals will be prohibited from Tugun Hill
Conservation Area.
High Immediate
S5.8 Include Tugun Hill Conservation Area in the Ranger Patrol
Program to educate and police dog walkers.
High Immediate
S5.9 Promote community awareness and understanding of the
potential and actual impacts of domestic animals on the
values of the conservation area, and encourage responsible
pet ownership within the neighbourhood, through the
Interpretation Plan. Include information of the ‘no
domestic animals’ policy and advice on nearby locations
suitable for dog walking.
High Ongoing
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PRIORITY DURATION
Fire management
S6.1 Prepare and implement a Fire Management Plan for the
conservation area by 2008 that provides for the protection
of life, property and the conservation area’s natural and
cultural values.
High Within 2 years
S6.2 Until a Fire Management Plan is prepared, fire High Immediate
management should be carried out in accordance with
GCCC Management Guidelines for sites acquired with funds
from the Open Space Preservation Levy (December 2004).
S6.3 Develop and maintain a mapping database which High Within 12 months
establishes mapping layers for effective fire planning,
including:
• Basic topographic attributes
• Vegetation communities, including information on
age classes;
• Rare, endangered and significant plant species and
communities;
• The habitats of rare and threatened native animal
species;
• Fire histories, including ignition sources and fire
path information;
• Fuel attributes;
• Management trails and fire breaks; and
• Water points;
• Infrastructure and assets.
S6.4 Establish a maintenance regime for the Asset Protection
Zone, ensuring fuel loads are managed at a sustainable
level.
High Ongoing
S6.5 Ensure any burns planned at Tugun Hill are implemented
on a mosaic scale: only small patches are to be burned in
any one year, reflecting the limited availability of fauna
habitat and population size of some flora species.
High Ongoing
S6.6 Maintain close cooperation with other agencies, neighbours
and the local Rural Fire Service for the management of fire
within and adjoining the conservation area.
High Ongoing
S6.7 Aim to protect hollow trees and logs from fire during Medium
prescribed burning operations.
As required
S6.8 Liaise with the Department of Main Roads to reduce fuel
loads on the M1 embankment north of Tugun Hill with the
aim of reducing potential ignition points.
Medium As required
S6.9 Protect rainforest vegetation on the south-west side of the
hill and along the creekline in the north-east from fire.
High Ongoing
S6.10 Investigate options for long-term fire management within Medium Within 12
sclerophyll forest as part of the Fire Management Plan and
in conjunction with the Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Restoration Plan. Recommended intervals for mature
blackbutt open forest in SEQ is between 7 and 25 years
(Watson, 2001).
months/ Ongoing
6.11 Develop a fire and fuel monitoring program utilising
techniques described within the Southeast Queensland Fire
and Biodiversity Consortium Monitoring Manual.
High Immediate
6.12 The Natural Area’s Management Unit will be responsible for
coordinating the prescribed burning program within the
conservation area.
Medium Within 2 years
6.13 Any prescribed burning operations within the mature
Blackbutt forest should avoid the flowering period of the
Rare rosy hyacinth orchid (Dipodium pulchellum) between
December and May, with any burning preferable post
flowering.
High As required
6.14 Monitor bush regeneration and assess the need for fire as a
regeneration tool as part of the Tugun Hill Conservation
Area Restoration Plan. Consider preparing two 5x5 metre
Medium Ongoing
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
trial burning sites and monitor the regenerative potential.
PRIORITY DURATION
6.15 Encourage further research into the ecological effects of
fire on flora and fauna within the conservation area, in
particular determining specific fire regime requirements
for vegetation communities and individual plant and animal
species. Emphasis will initially be given to the management
of the Blackbutt moist open forest.
Medium Ongoing
6.16 Maintain perimeter management trails identified in Section
5.7 Managing Access for fire management purposes.
High Immediate
6.17 Keep the public, particularly neighbours, informed of fire
management activities and restrict public access during
prescribed burning where required.
High As required
6.18 Encourage and support appropriate fire management and
property protection on neighbouring properties.
High Ongoing
6.19 Provide advice to other Council departments assessing High
proposed developments adjacent to the planning area to
ensure that all necessary bushfire hazard reduction
measures are incorporated into new developments.
As required
S6.20 Open fires will be prohibited in Tugun Hill Conservation
Area.
High Immediate
Habitat fragmentation and isolation
S7.1 NAMU is to be a key stakeholder in the strategic planning High Ongoing
of areas affecting the management of Tugun Hill
S7.2
Conservation Area.
Continue liaising with the Department of Main Roads in
relation to management of existing vegetation and
establishing new vegetation along the proposed Tugun
Bypass route with the aim of preventing the loss of all
terrestrial links between Tugun Hill and areas south of the
road corridor.
High Immediate
S7.3 Liaise with the Department of Main Roads in relation to the
proposed Hidden Valley fauna mitigation structures 600m
south of the reserve ensuring the structure and vegetation
linkage to the reserve is viable.
High Immediate
S7.4 Liaise with appropriate land managers in developing region
wide strategies in the co-ordinated management of the
Currumbin to Cobaki lakes reserves as an interrelated
reserve system.
High Ongoing
S7.5 Establish a fauna monitoring program, in conjunction with High Immediate/
the Department of Main Roads, as part of the Tugun Bypass
Biodiversity Monitoring Program to identify impacts and
mitigation measures required as a result of the Tugun
Bypass development.
Ongoing
S7.6 Support the acquisition or protection of lands within the
identified corridors to improve the representation and
connectivity of vegetation communities.
Medium Ongoing
S7.7 Support strategic revegetation activities which improve the
connectivity of habitats within the identified corridors and
along creek lines.
Medium Ongoing
MANAGING CULTURAL HERITAGE
Aboriginal cultural heritage
S8.1 Consult Aboriginal people who have a traditional High Ongoing
association with the land and relevant State and
S8.2
Commonwealth Aboriginal heritage authorities, in decisions
regarding the management of Aboriginal cultural heritage,
including identification of sites, and actions to protect
objects, sites and landscapes features.
Undertake an Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment of Medium
the conservation area in partnership with the local
Aboriginal community.
Within 2 years
S8.3 Facilitate the interpretation of Aboriginal cultural values
and incorporate within the Interpretation Plan for the
Medium Ongoing
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
conservation area in agreement from local Aboriginal
community.
PRIORITY DURATION
S8.4 Support Aboriginal community proposals to undertake Medium As required
interpretation of Aboriginal cultural values of the
conservation area.
S8.5 Undertake cultural heritage assessments prior to any new
works and developments likely to impact on Aboriginal
heritage values in accordance with the requirements of the
Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003.
S8.6 Assess the significance and encourage further research into
the history of the planning area.
MANAGING RECREATION
S9.1 Develop the new Tugun Hill Habitat Walk and Gully Circuit
designated in Figure 2, including new sections of trail,
steps and boardwalk. The boardwalk is to be along the flats
of the Flat Rock Creek gully. Steps are to be built on new
sections of trail leading into the gully to protect soils
where the trail gradient is steep. The track will be built to
Australian Standards Class 2/3 according to the section.
S9.2 Develop an entry point to the Conservation Area beyond
the gate at the Murray Street cul de sac, including agreed
Conservation Area naming signage, an information shelter
containing park information and interpretive materials,
landscaping utilising endemic species and a picnic table.
Ensure that disabled access is incorporated into the design.
S9.3 Install a bench seat, which is consistent with the natural
areas theme, at the top of Tugun Hill as part of the walking
trail circuit in a position which captures the views towards
the ocean.
S9.4 Utilise the developed Council natural areas “signature”
appearance for the conservation area that is reflected in
shared design or construction elements across all forms of
visitor infrastructure including: walking trails; boardwalks,
stairs; bollards; fences; information shelters; seats and
signs (Section 3.6 Managing Landscape and Scenic
S9.5
Amenity).
Implement the track closures designated in section 3.5.
Investigate opportunities for rehabilitating closed tracks.
S9.6 Design and implement a visitor impact assessment program
to monitor the impact of visitors on the natural condition
of the conservation area. This may include temporary or
permanent closure of sites or trails.
S9.7 Create a defined path linking the entrance to the ‘Gully
Circuit’ to Toolona Park.
S9.8 Investigate opportunities for developing signage throughout
the Tugun area advising of a walking link to Tugun Hill
Conservation Area: options include links to the ocean
forseshore, Len Wort Park, Alex Griffiths Park, Littleford
Family Park, Hillcrest Avenue road reserve through to
Tooloona Park.
S9.9 Tugun Hill Conservation Area will be managed as a dog free
area for the benefit of native fauna: Tooloona Park is
available for on-leash dog exercise and Atkin Park (500
metres from Tooloona Park) is an off-leash, supervised dog
exercise area.
S9.10 Trail bikes and horse riding will not be permitted within
the planning area. Bicycles will be restricted to the formed
fire protection zone trail and prohibited from internal
walking trails.
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT, INTERPRETATION AND EDUCATION
S10.1 Develop a reserve Interpretation Plan, including
directional, interpretational and risk management signs, a
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management
High As required
Low Medium term
High Within 2 years
Low Within 2 years
Low Within 2 years
Medium Ongoing
High Immediate
Low Within 3 years
Low Medium term
Low Medium term
High Immediate
High Immediate
High Within 2 years

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
visitor display shelter at the Murray Street entry and selfguided
interpretation signage along the Tugun Hill Habitat
Walk and Gully Circuit. Interpretive themes could include
the conservation status of the Blackbutt forest, fauna,
threatened species, habitat links and cultural heritage.
PRIORITY DURATION
S10.2 Remove all existing signage and replace with signage High
proposed within the Interpretation Plan.
Short term
S10.3 Ensure signage within the conservation area is low-key, High Ongoing
unobtrusive and causes minimal visual impact.
S10.4 Signs and interpretive displays used within the conservation
area will be consistent with the ‘signature’ signage system
developed for the City’s natural areas, enhancing the
identity of this as an OSPL site and reinforcing the City’s
corporate identity.
S10.5 Monitor and maintain all interpretive facilities and signage
to a high standard.
S10.6 Develop a neighbour information pamphlet highlighting
access opportunities, the sites of conservation significance
and access restrictions applying to these areas, issues
related to pest plants and animals and fire management
recommendations for properties adjoining the reserve.
S10.7 Produce a visitor information brochure which promotes the
planning areas natural values and visitor opportunities, and
also promotes GCCCs Nature Conservation Strategy and
OSPL acquisition program. Also include visitor information
on the GCCC website.
S10.8 Include the planning area in the Ranger Walks and Talks
program by conducting day and night time guided tours of
the reserve to communicate the area’s values and
management issues: reserve neighbours and regular visitors
to the area should be encouraged to become involved.
S10.9 Regularly review and update interpretive material for
visitors.
S10.10 Encourage and facilitate the involvement of the local
community, volunteers and neighbours in reserve
management programs, and support the formation of a
local bushcare group.
MANAGING VEHICLE ACCESS
S11.1 Repair existing fencing and install a perimeter access
structure (bollards or fence as determined) and access
gates along the northern and western boundaries to reduce
access to the area by unauthorised vehicles. This is to be
done in consultation with the Department of Main Roads.
S11.2 • Include the planning area as part of the Ranger
Patrol Program to enforce access regulations.
S11.3 • Install bollard structures where required at the
entrance to walking trails to restrict vehicular access.
S11.4 Retain only the management trails on the western and
northern perimeters, and the I-zone trail for management
and emergency vehicle access. Maintain the central northsouth
trail as a multi-use walking trail, with either side of
this trail will be an additional 1000mm to allow for the
movement of vehicles during fire management operations.
S11.5 • Rehabilitate trails that are not required for either
management, emergency or recreation purposes.
S11.6 • Public vehicle access will not be permitted within
Tugun Hill Conservation Area.
MANAGING LANDSCAPE AND SCENIC AMENITY
S12.1 Ensure visitor facilities and management infrastructure is
located and designed so as to minimise their visual impact.
S12.2 Utilise the developed Council natural areas “signature”
appearance for the conservation area that is reflected in
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management
High As required
High Ongoing
Medium Within 12 months
Medium Within 2 years
Low Ongoing
Medium Annually
Medium As required
High Immediate
High Ongoing
Medium Immediate
High Immediate
Medium Long term
High Immediate
High Ongoing
High As required

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
shared design or construction elements across all forms of
visitor infrastructure including: walking trails; boardwalks,
stairs; bollards; fences; information shelters; seats and
signs.
PRIORITY DURATION
S12.3 Remove unsightly rubbish and old infrastructure, including
internal fence lines, wire and debris associated with
previous landuse.
Medium Immediate
S12.4 Undertake a landscape plan for the Murray Street entry Medium Within 2 years
point and trailhead.
RESEARCH AND MONITORING
S13.1 Undertake monitoring programs as required by this plan of
management, including:
• Restoration and regeneration;
• Recreational impacts;
• Pest plants and animals;
• Fire and Fuel monitoring.
S13.2 Establish a fauna monitoring program, in conjunction with
the Department of Main Roads, as part of the Tugun Bypass
Biodiversity Monitoring Program to identify impacts and
mitigation measures required as a result of the Tugun
Bypass development.
S13.3 • Develop and maintain a database for storing and
managing information regarding research, survey and
monitoring programs. Ensure that collected data can be
analysed statistically.
S13.4 Support research in the conservation area which aims to:
• Increase knowledge of conservation area values
and conservation significance;
• Understand the nature and rate of any change in
these values;
• Improve knowledge about visitor satisfaction, use,
characteristics and impacts; and
• Improve management practices for the natural and
cultural resources.
S13.5 Adapt management practices to take into account threats,
changes and opportunities identified in monitoring
surveys/research studies.
S13.6 Prepare and update a prospectus of priority research
projects to be distributed to research organisations and/or
tertiary institutions as a guide to preferred research
projects within the conservation area. Priority topics
include:
• The most appropriate fire regimes for particular
vegetation communities and individual plant and
animal species.
• The role of wildlife corridors in the area.
• Fauna mitigation measures to aid in Tugun Bypass
construction.
• The impact of the Tugun Bypass development on
the ecology of the conservation area.
• The impact of introduced animals on the ecology of
the conservation area.
• Monitoring of significant species and communities
• Monitoring of vegetation change and succession
• Cultural heritage research
• Threatened species research and further
S13.7
understanding of management requirements.
Maintain a register of research and surveys undertaken in
the planning area.
NAMING OF THE CONSERVATION AREA
S14.1 No further signage and communication materials are to be
produced until the name of the area is agreed at adoption
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management
High As required
High Immediate/
Ongoing
Medium Ongoing
Medium Ongoing
High As required
Medium Within 12 months
Medium Ongoing
High Immediate

REF MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
of this plan of management.
PRIORITY DURATION
S14.2 If no suitable alternative is found, the name ‘Tugun Hill
Conservation Area’ will be formalised as the accepted
name.
High Immediate
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Chapter 6 – References
Cogger, H.G., 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. AH & AW Reed, Sydney.
Department of Main Roads, 2004a. Tugun Bypass Stewart Road to Kennedy Drive Technical Papers.
Produced by Parsons Brinkerhoff.
Department of Main Roads, 2004b. Tugun Bypass Stewart Road to Kennedy Drive Species Impact
Statement. Produced by Parsons Brinkerhoff.
Department of Main Roads, 2004c. Tugun Bypass Stewart Road to Kennedy Drive Flora and Fauna
Assessment. Produced by Parsons Brinkerhoff.
GCCC, 2004. Pest Animal Monitoring Report for GCCC Conservation Areas for 2003/2004. GCCC
internal report.
GCCC, 2001a. Preliminary Flora Survey – Tugun Hill Conservation Area. Gold Coast City Council
internal report.
GCCC, 2001b. Preliminary Fauna Survey – Tugun Hill Conservation Area. Gold Coast City Council
internal report.
Joseph, R., 2006. Draft Restoration Plan for Tugun Hill Conservation Area. GCCC internal report.
Queensland Fire and Rescue Service, 2002. Interim Fire Management Plan for Tugun Hill
Conservation Area. QFRS/GCCC internal report.
Strahan, R. 2002. The Complete Book of Australian Mammals. 2 nd Edition. Harper Collins Publishers,
Sydney.
Watson, P., 2001. The role and use of fire for biodiversity conservation in Southeast Queensland:
Fire management guidelines derived from ecological research. SEQ Fire and Biodiversity
Consortium, Griffith University Gold Coast.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Stairs may be
required for
steeper slopes
Track to be
closed and used
as fire chip line
when required
Access trail
Minor entrance:
Information sign
and reserve map
Chapter 7 – Conservation Area Maps
Figure 2: Recreation Map
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management
Gully Circuit. Class 2/3Incorporating
boardwalk along the gully floor and
interpretation signage
Murray Street Entrance. To include
information shelter, bench seat, minor
landscaping and main track
entrance.
Tugun Hill Habitat Walk. Class 2/3
track with interpretation signage.
Bench seat to be installed in a
position which captures the views
towards the Pacific Ocean.
Track closures
Multi-use central trail. Primarily
walking trail. Either side of this trail will
be an additional 1000mm to allow for
the movement of vehicles during fire
management operations.
Fire Protection Zone

Key
Currumbin Creek
Nicolls Scrub
National Park
Wildlife Corridor
Remnant Vegetation
Tugun Hill
CA
Currumbin
Reserves
Hidden
Valley
6
5
Cobaki Wetlands
1000m NORTH �
Figure 3: Satellite imagery highlighting fauna corridors extending from Currumbin
Point south to the Cobaki Wetlands and west to Nicolls Scrub National Park.
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Grassland
Tallowwood/ Brushbox
Woodland
Subtropical Rainforest
Acacia Woodland
Regrowth Blackbutt
Open Forest
Eucalypt Tall Open
Forest
Mature Blackbutt Open Forest
Figure 4: Vegetation of Tugun Hill Conservation Area
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management
Closed Forest along gully lines

Chapter 9 – Appendices
Appendix 1: Flora species of Tugun Hill Conservation Area
TREES & SHRUBS:
Arecaceae
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana Bangalow Palm
Celastraceae
Denhamia celastroides Denhamia
Hedraianthera porphyropetala Hedraianthera
Dracaenaceae
Cordyline congesta Palm Lily
Cordyline rubra
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus grandis Blue Quandong
E. reticulatus Blueberry Ash
Sloanea australis subsp. australis Maiden's Blush
Euphorbiaceae
Breynia oblongifolia var. oblongifolia Breynia
Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi Cheese Tree
Macaranga tanarius Macaranga
Mallotus philippensis Red Kamala
Eupomatiaceae
Eupomatia laurina Bolwara
Fabaceae
Acacia concurrens
Acacia disparrima Hickory Wattle
Acacia leiocalyx var. leiocalyx
Acacia longissima Long-leaved Wattle
Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood
Daviesia arborea Tree Daviesia
Hovea acutifolia Pointed-leaved Hovea
Pultenaea retusa
Pultenaea villosa Hairy Bush Pea
Swainsona galegifolia Smooth Darling Pea
Lauraceae
Beilschmiedia elliptica Grey Walnut
Cryptocarya microneura Murrogun
Cryptocarya triplinervis var. triplinervis Three-veined Laurel
Endiandra globosa Black Walnut
E. hayseii Velvet Laurel
Monimiaceae
Wilkiea huegeliana Veiny Wilkea
Moraceae
Ficus coronata Creek Sandpaper Fig
Ficus watkinsiana Strangler Fig
Myrsinaceae
Rapanea variabilis Muttonwood
Myrtaceae
Corymbia citriodora Spotted Gum
C. intermedia Pink Bloodwood
Eucalyptus grandis Flooded Gum
E. pilularis Blackbutt
E. propinqua Small-fruited Grey Gum
E. siderophloia Grey Ironbark
E. tereticornis Forest Red Gum
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Lophostemon confertus Brush Box
Pilidiostigma glabrum Plum Myrtle
Rhodamnia rubescens Scrub Turpentine
Syzygium francisii Giant Water Gum
Syzygium oleosum Blue Cherry
Oleaceae
Notelaea longifolia Long-leaved Mock Olive
Olea paniculata Native Olive
Pittosporaceae
Citriobatus pauciflorus Orange Thorn
Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum
Proteaceae
Banksia integrifolia Coast Banksia
Rhamnaceae
Alphitonia excelsa Red Ash
Rubiaceae
Canthium coprosmoides Coast Canthium
Rutaceae
Flindersia australis Teak
Flindersia schottiana Cudgerie
Melicope elleryana Pink Doughwood
Zieria smithii Sandfly Zieria
Sapindaceae
Cupaniopsis anacardioides Tuckeroo
Cupaniopsis newmanii Long-leaved Tuckeroo
Cupaniopsis parvifolia Small-leaved Tuckeroo
Diploglottis australis Native Tamarind
Dodonaea triquetra Hop Bush
Guioa semiglauca Wild Quince
Harpullia pendula Tulipwood
Jagera pseudorhus forma pseudorhus Foambark Tree
Sarcopteryx stipata Corduroy Tree
Sapotaceae
Pouteria laurifolia Blush Coondoo
Thymelaeaceae
Wikstroemia indica Wikstroemia
Xanthorrhoeaceae
Xanthorrhoea macronema Bottle-brush Grass Tree
VINES & SCRAMBLERS:
Apocynaceae
Parsonsia straminea Monkey Rope
Dilleniaceae
Hibbertia dentata Toothed Snake Vine
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea transversa Native Yam
Euphorbiaceae
Tragia novae-hollandiae Stinging Vine
Fabaceae
Austrosteenisia blackii var. blackii Blood Vine
Desmodium brachypodum Large Tick-trefoil
D. gunnii
D. rhytidophyllum Rusty Tick-trefoil
Glycine clandestina Glycine Pea
Hardenbergia violacea Native Sarsparilla
Flagellariaceae
Flagellaria indica Whip Vine
Menispermiaceae
Stephania japonica var. discolor Snake Vine
Echinostephia aculeata Prickly Snake Vine
Moraceae
Trophis scandens subsp. Scandens Burny Vine
Rosaceae
Rubus hillii Molucca Bramble
Smilacaceae
Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry
Smilax australis Austral Sarsparilla
Uvulariaceae
Tripladenia cunninghamii Kreysigia
Vitaceae
Cissus opaca Small-leaved Water Vine
Tetrastigma nitens Three-leaved Water Vine
HERBS & GROUNDCOVERS:
Acanthaceae
Pseuderanthemum variabile Pastel Flower
Araceae
Gymnostachys anceps Settler's Flax
Asteraceae
Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea Vernonia
Campanulaceae
Lobelia purpurascens White Root
Commelinaceae
Aneilema acuminatum
Commelina diffusa
Cyperaceae
Eleocharis equisetina
Poaceae
Aristida queenslandica a wiregrass
Cymbopogon refractus Barbwire Grass
Digitaria parviflora Small-flowered Finger Grass
Imperata cylindrica Blady Grass
Microlaena stipoides Weeping Grass
Oplismenus aemulus Basket Grass
Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. imbecillis
Panicum effusum Native Panic
Paspalidium aversum
Phragmites australis Common Reed
Phormiaceae
Dianella caerulea var. assera Blue Flax-lilly
Violaceae
Hybanthus stellarioides Spade Flower
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Viola hederacea subsp. Hederacea Native Violet
Xanthorrhoeaceae
Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis Matrush
L. longifolia Long-leaved Mastrush
Zingiberaceae
Alpinia caerulea Native Ginger
FERNS:
Adiantaceae
Adiantum hispidulum var. hypoglaucum
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium australasicum Bird's Nest Fern
Blechnaceae
Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle Fern
B. indicum Binung
Doodia aspera Prickly Rasp Fern
D. media Common Rasp Fern
Cyatheaceae
Cyathea cooperi Scaly Treefern
Dennstaedtiaceae
Pteridium esculentum Bracken
Dicksoniaceae
Calochlaena dubia Common Ground Fern
Thelypteridaceae
Christella dentata Binung
ORCHIDS:
Orchidaceae
Dipodium pulchellum Rosy Hyacinth Orchid
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Appendix 2: Weed species of Tugun Hill Conservation Area
TREES & SHRUBS: Tugun Hill
Anarcardiaceae
Mangifera indica Mango
Schinus terebinthifolius Broad-leaved Pepper
Tecoma stans Yellow Bells
ARALIACEAE
Schefflera actinophylla Umbrella Tree
ARECACEAE
Archontophoenix alexandrae Alexandra Palm
Syagrus romanzoffianum Cocos Palm
ASTERACEAE
Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel Bush
Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata Bitou Bush
EUPHORBIACEAE
Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant
FABACEAE
Senna pendula var. glabrata Winter Senna
LAURACEAE
Cinammomum camphora Camphor Laurel
Myrsinaceae
Ardisia crenata Ardisia
OCHNACEAE
Ochna serrulata Ochna, Mickey Mouse Bush
Pinaceae
Pinus elliottii Slash Pine
RUTACEAE
Citrus limon Bush Lemon
Murraya paniculata Orange Jessamine
SOLANACEAE
Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco
Tiliaceae
Triumfetta rhomboidea Chinese Burr
VINES & SCRAMBLERS:
Araceae
Monstera deliciosa Fruit Salad Plant
Asparagaceae
Asparagus scandens (syn. Myrsiphyllum scandens) Scrambling Asparagus
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea cairica Coastal Morning Glory
FABACEAE
Desmodium uncinatum Silver-leaf Desmodium
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora suberosa Corky Passionfruit
P. subpeltata White Passionflower
SOLANACEAE
Solanum seaforthianum Climbing Nightshade
VERBENACEAE
Lantana camara Lantana (pink & red)
HERBS & GROUNDCOVERS:
Asparagaceae
Asparagus aethiopicus Ground Asparagus
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

ASCLEPIDIACEAE
Gomphocarpus physocarpus Balloon Cotton Bush
Asteraceae
Ageratum houstonianum Blue Billy Goat Weed
Ageratina riparia Mistflower
A. adenophora Crofton Weed
Ambrosia artemisiifolia Annual Ragweed
Widelia trilobata Singapore Daisy
Poaceae
Andropogon virginicus Whisky Grass
Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass
Melinus minutiflora Molasses Grass
Paspalum wettsteinii Broad-leaf Paspalum
Setaria spp. Setaria
Tugun Hill Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management

Key contacts
Mailing address
Gold Coast City Council PO Box 5042
GCMC Qld 9729
Australia
Brett Leis
Telephone: (07) 5581 1525
Facsimile: 5596 3653
E-mail bleis@goldcoast.qld.gov.au
General enquiries
Telephone: (07) 5582 8211 or 1300 130 854
(at the cost of a local call in Gold Coast
and Brisbane districts only)
Facsimile: (07) 5596 3653
Website: www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au
E-mail: gccc@goldcoast.qld.gov.au
Administration centres
Nerang Administration Centre
Southport Nerang Road
Nerang Qld 4211
Telephone: (07) 5582 8211
Surfers Paradise Administration Centre
135 Bundall Road
Surfers Paradise Qld 4217
Telephone: (07) 5582 8211