UWB - Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory
UWB - Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory
UWB - Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory
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we simulate your future<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> RTLS st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> application<br />
Josef Preishuber-Pflügl<br />
CTO, BU Manager RFID+RFComm<br />
j.preishuber-pfluegl@cisc.at<br />
ISSUE: May 2011
2<br />
CISC RF<br />
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Team of RFID professionals with long-term,<br />
international reputation<br />
Performance improver of RFID products <strong>and</strong> systems<br />
in many projects through our solutions.<br />
Knows what to measure on RFID systems <strong>and</strong><br />
products in order to evaluate the performance <strong>and</strong> we<br />
know what wheels to twist in order to maximize it<br />
Provider of RFID simulation<br />
<strong>and</strong> measurement tools<br />
Leading organization in RFID St<strong>and</strong>ardization<br />
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3<br />
CISC Semiconductor is… is<br />
…independent<br />
CISC was founded in 1999<br />
<strong>and</strong> is a 100% private owned<br />
company<br />
…experienced<br />
CISC Semiconductor is<br />
managed by an international<br />
team of highest skilled<br />
experts & working with RFID<br />
for more than 14 years<br />
…for the whole industry<br />
supporting industries that<br />
develop embedded<br />
microelectronic systems with<br />
extremely short Time-To-<br />
Market cycles<br />
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Head office at Lake Woerthersee<br />
Lakeside B07, Klagenfurt, Austria
4<br />
RTLS Systems<br />
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Many ways to classify the specific systems<br />
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Indoor/outdoor, active/passive localization, self/remote positioning,..<br />
Hardware/software, range-based/range-free, relative/absolute coordinate<br />
system,…<br />
Systems types<br />
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One way comm. (TDoA, AoA, RSS?)<br />
Two way comm. (ToA)<br />
� Tag to tag comm. (ToA, RSS)<br />
BS1<br />
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TAG<br />
BS3<br />
BS2
5<br />
St<strong>and</strong>ardization<br />
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IEEE 802.15.4a Wireless medium access control (MAC) <strong>and</strong><br />
physical layer (PHY) specifications for low-rate wireless personal<br />
area networks (WPANs)<br />
IEEE 802.15.4f Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) <strong>and</strong><br />
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless<br />
Personal Area Networks (WPANs) – Amendment Active RFID<br />
System PHY<br />
ISO/IEC 24730-6 Information technology -- Real-time locating<br />
systems (RTLS) – <strong>UWB</strong><br />
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6<br />
Transmission Power Regulations<br />
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Spectrum is scarce<br />
Strict regulations for the transmission are needed<br />
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Low transmission power that existing systems are not<br />
disturbed<br />
Short distances for high data rate<br />
Spreading gain can used to achieve better performance<br />
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<strong>Signal</strong>s are hided in the noise floor<br />
All over the world regulations are ongoing<br />
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7<br />
Ultra Wideb<strong>and</strong> (<strong>UWB</strong>)<br />
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Advantages<br />
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Low power consumption transmitters<br />
Low power consumption non-coherent receivers<br />
Robust communication<br />
Possible high data rates<br />
High security<br />
High interoperability<br />
High penetration of objects<br />
Small antenna size<br />
Precise localization (on cm level)<br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL
8<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> Regulations<br />
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EIRP (dBm)<br />
-30<br />
-40<br />
-50<br />
-60<br />
-70<br />
-80<br />
-90<br />
FCC<br />
3.1 4.8 4.95 6.0 9.0 10.6<br />
DAA<br />
4.8<br />
-100<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8<br />
Frequency (GHz)<br />
9 10 11 12<br />
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Free “free”<br />
Other countries have or are currently implementing similar regulations<br />
or under development<br />
Japan:<br />
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Korea<br />
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� China<br />
3.4-4.8 GHz (?), 7.25-10.25 GHz (>50MBit/s)<br />
3.1-4.8 GHz (LDC), 7.25-10.25 GHz<br />
� 4.2-4.8 GHz (DAA), 6-9 GHz<br />
EU
9<br />
IEEE802.15.4a<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> PHY Channels <strong>and</strong> B<strong>and</strong>widths<br />
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Low B<strong>and</strong><br />
Sub-Gigahertz B<strong>and</strong><br />
Channels<br />
� 15 Channels: 1 M<strong>and</strong>atory for low b<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 1 for high b<strong>and</strong><br />
(499.2MHz)<br />
� B<strong>and</strong>widths: 499.2MHz, 1081.6MHz, 1331.2MHz & 1354.97MHz<br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL<br />
High B<strong>and</strong>
10<br />
Ultra Wideb<strong>and</strong> Applications<br />
RTLS Applications Examples Range Accuracy<br />
High value inventory<br />
items<br />
Warehouses, Ports, manufacturing<br />
plants<br />
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100-300m 30-300cm<br />
Sports tracking NASCAR, horse racing, soccer,… 100-300m 10-30cm<br />
Cargo tracking Ships, Plants,… 300m 300cm<br />
Children In parks 300m 300cm<br />
Supermarket carts 100-300m 30cm<br />
Military Training<br />
facilities<br />
300m 30cm<br />
Anti-collision system Aircraft, Ground vehicles 300m 30cm<br />
Animal Tracking Pets / Cattle / Wild Life 300m 15-150cm<br />
Safety Aircraft l<strong>and</strong>ing systems, Detecting<br />
avalanche victims,…<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> is needed is for such high<br />
accuracies.<br />
300m 30cm<br />
Z.Sahinoglu, S. Gezici, I. Güvenc, Position Estimation in Ultrawideb<strong>and</strong> Wireless Systems,
11<br />
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Channel Effect on a <strong>Signal</strong><br />
Conventional narrowb<strong>and</strong><br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL<br />
transmission<br />
TX RX<br />
carrier wave direct path signal<br />
delayed reflected signal<br />
constructive interference destructive interference
12<br />
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Σpaths<br />
Channel Effect on a <strong>Signal</strong><br />
Conventional narrowb<strong>and</strong><br />
fading channel<br />
model<br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL<br />
transmission<br />
TX RX<br />
carrier wave direct path signal<br />
·h<br />
delayed reflected signal<br />
channel gain<br />
Rayleigh PDF
13<br />
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Channel Effect on a <strong>Signal</strong><br />
<strong>UWB</strong> <strong>Signal</strong><br />
TX RX<br />
Pulse<br />
Received signal<br />
Δt<br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL<br />
delayed reflected signal<br />
direct path signal<br />
•Very short pulses in ns �<br />
•Low transmit energy<br />
No or less fading<br />
t<br />
accurate localization
14<br />
Receiver Architectures<br />
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Coherent Receiver<br />
+<br />
--<br />
--<br />
Coherent combining<br />
Nyquist sampling<br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL<br />
(Ranging)<br />
Carrier frequency recovery (phase coherent LO needed)<br />
Energy Detector<br />
+ Simple architecture<br />
-- Less robustness against narrowb<strong>and</strong> interference<br />
-- Performance loss
15<br />
Optimal Coherent Receiver (<strong>Communication</strong>)<br />
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Optimal Matched Filtering<br />
Disadvantage<br />
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Code Despreading<br />
High sampling rates (Nyquist)<br />
(Perfect / good) channel estimation<br />
Highly accurate synchronization<br />
Many channel taps<br />
Low power/low cost?<br />
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Decision Device<br />
Rake Combining
16<br />
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Goal of the Demonstrator System<br />
Perform “Real-Time“ Positioning Experiments<br />
Multipath Intensive Environments<br />
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In e.g. Office, Industrial, Residential, ...<br />
Evaluation of algorithms<br />
Accuracies
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Goal of the Demonstrator System<br />
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Evaluation <strong>and</strong> Comparison of St<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
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E.g. IEEE 802.15.4a / IEEE 802.15.4f<br />
Reference System for Lower Quality<br />
Hardware<br />
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Verification of hardware by exchanging the high<br />
performance equipment<br />
Evaluation of hardware components<br />
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18<br />
Localization of an active RFID Tag<br />
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BS3<br />
Active RFID tag transmits <strong>UWB</strong> signals (unknown coordinates)<br />
3 base stations (BS) receive <strong>UWB</strong> signals (known coordinates)<br />
A computer calculates the position of the tag with time<br />
difference of arrival<br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL<br />
BS2<br />
BS1
19<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> Demonstrator<br />
Transmitter (TX)<br />
PC<br />
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BS1<br />
BS3<br />
BS2
20<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> Demonstrator:<br />
Transmitter<br />
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21<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> Demonstrator:<br />
Receiver<br />
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22<br />
<strong>UWB</strong> Demonstrator:<br />
Post processing PC<br />
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23<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
<strong>Signal</strong> <strong>Processing</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Speech</strong><br />
<strong>Communication</strong> <strong>Laboratory</strong><br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL<br />
Institute of<br />
Telecommunications
24<br />
j.preishuber-pfluegl@cisc.at<br />
www.CISC.at/rfid<br />
© CISC Semiconductor Design+Consulting GmbH | www.cisc.at | CONFIDENTIAL
25<br />
Title: <strong>UWB</strong> RTLS st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> application<br />
Abstract:<br />
One of the many advantages of <strong>UWB</strong> is in the high<br />
accuracy for positioning <strong>and</strong> consequently for<br />
localization. ISO/IEC JTC1 <strong>and</strong> IEEE are actively<br />
working on <strong>UWB</strong> based RTLS (Real Time Location<br />
Sytems). Measurements <strong>and</strong> demonstration results of<br />
feasibility <strong>and</strong> design studies provide major input into<br />
the st<strong>and</strong>ardization in order to specify a globally<br />
useable system despite the differences in global<br />
operation for the <strong>UWB</strong> in the b<strong>and</strong> below 10 GHz.<br />
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