International SOLAS - Natural Environment Research Council

International SOLAS: Network Progress
and Plans
UK-SOLAS Science Meeting
Manchester July 2007

International SOLAS
1. Structure
2. Sponsors
3. Activities
4. The IPO
5. Open Science Meeting
UK-SOLAS Science Meeting
Manchester July 2007

IMP 1: Biogeochemical Interactions and Feedbacks Between
Ocean and Atmosphere
Chairs: Bill Miller (USA) and Mitsuo Uematsu (Japan)
Officer: Véronique Schoemann (Belgium)
Membership: Philip Boyd (New Zealand)
Anton Eisenhauer (Germany)
Gerd Hoenninger (Canada)
William Keene (USA)
David Kieber (USA),
Caroline Leck (Sweden)
Patricia Matrai (USA)
Gordon McFiggans (UK)
Claire Reeves (UK)
Eric Saltzman (USA)
Atsushi Tsuda (Japan)

IMP 2: Exchange Processes at the Air-Sea Interface & Role of
Transport and Transformation in the Atmos. & Oceanic BLs
Chair: Wade McGillis (USA)
Officer: Daniela Turk (Canada)
Membership: Douglas Nilsson (Sweden)
Keith Hunter (New Zealand)
Philip Nightingale (UK)
Rik Wanninkhof (USA)
Frank Bradley (Australia)
Al Plueddemann (USA)
Wu-ting Tsai (Republic of China)
Svein Vagle (Canada)
Detlef Stammer (Germany)
Chris Fairall (USA)
Bill Asher (USA)
Véronique Garçon (France)
Geert-Jan Roelofs (Holland)

IMP 3: Joint with IMBER
Air-Sea Flux of CO 2 & Other Long-Lived Radiatively-Active
Gases
Chairs: Truls Johannessen (NOR)
Arne Koertzinger (Germany)
WG1-Surface Ocean Systems
WG2-Interior Ocean
WG3-Sensitivity: (future ocean)

Major SOLAS issue: Surface ocean CO 2 flux
Takahashi et al., 2002

Major IMBER issue: Interior ocean carbon storage
Repeat hydrography program

Major SOLAS/IMBER issue: pH effect on biogeochemistry &
ecosystems

Joint SOLAS/IMBER Carbon
Working Group
• Joint Implementation
Plan completed and on
both web sites

SIC Working Group 1
Surface Ocean Systems
Membership:
- Nicolas Metzl (France); Chair
- Dorothy Bakker (UK)
- Nick Bates (USA)
- Gregory Beaugrand (UK)
- Alberto Borges (Belgium)
- Toshiro Saino (Japan)
- Britton Stephens (USA)

SIC Working Group 2
Interior ocean carbon storage
Activity: Friends of Argo Task Team
Participants: Nicolas Gruber (chair), Arne Kötzinger, Ken
Johnson, Steve Riser, Steven R. Emerson, Greg
Johnson, Osvaldo Ulloa, Scott C. Doney, and Denis
Gilbert
Goal: write a white paper to promote the addition of
oxygen sensors to the international ARGO float program;
Timeline: final draft by October

SIC Working Group 3
Carbon cycle climate sensitivities and feedbacks
(Chair: Kitack Lee; Korea)
Activity: Mesocosm guidelines
Participants: Ulf Riebesell (Germany), Kitack Lee
(Korea), Kyungsoon Shin (Korea
Goal: to outline science issues to be discussed,
develop guidelines and protocols for mesocosm
experiments

SOLAS Data Management Team
• Evaluate and document the projected data products and data handling
requirements of SOLAS
• Develop a practical policy for the documentation of models and modelderived
products that are useful for SOLAS science
• Recommend to the SOLAS SSC a common data reporting and sharing
policy suitable for adoption by projects seeking International SOLAS
endorsement
• Ensure that procedures are established to allow quantification of data
uncertainties and quality (metadata requirements)
• Make recommendations to the SSC concerning data centres that are
particularly suitable for SOLAS needs
• Work with national SOLAS PIs, data centres, the SOLAS IPO and
national funding agencies to coordinate an international network of
data managers that are hands-on with SOLAS data. At some later
date, we envision this transforming into a Data Management
Implementation Team.

SOLAS Scientific Steering Committee (SSC)
Peter Liss Male UK Chair
Paty Matrai Female USA Vice Chair
Isabel Cacho Female Spain
Truls Johannessen Male Norway
Wade McGillis Male USA
Tim Jickells Male UK
Ken Denman Male Canada WCRP sponsored
Sergey Gulev Male Russia WCRP sponsored
Guang-Yu Shi Male China
Shigenobu Takeda Male Japan
Mitsuo Uematsu Male Japan
Bill Miller Male USA Departing 2007
Uli Platt Male Germany
Barry Huebert Male USA
Doug Wallace Male Germany Departing 2007
Christiane Lancelot Female Belgium
Gerrit DeLeeuw Male Netherlands
Osvaldo Ulloa Male Chile

IGBP Vision
The IGBP Network
To provide scientific knowledge to improve
the sustainability of the living Earth.
• IGBP studies the interactions
between biological, AIMES
chemical and
physical processes and human
systems
• IGBP collaborates with other
programmes to develop and
impart the understanding
necessary to respond to global
change

Earth System Science Partnership
Integrated study of the Earth
System, its changes, and
implications for global
sustainability

GEWEX 1988 →
WCRP
Observation
Assmilation
Panel
CLIVAR 1995 →
Task Forces
WGNE
WGCM
WGSF
Coordinated Observation and
Prediction of the Earth System
SOLAS 2001 ->
SPARC 1992→
WCRP
Modelling
Panel
CliC 2000 →

SOLAS Networks in 23 Nations
Substantial Programmes:
Belgium
Canada
China
Germany
Japan
UK
USA
Sponsors:

Connecting SOLAS to Climate Change:
Extrapolating to Larger Spatial and
Longer Time Scales
Ken Denman 1,2 , Nadja Steiner 1,2 , Norm McFarlane 1 ,
Christoph Voelker 3 & Angelica Peña 2
1 Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis,
Meteorological Service of Canada, University of Victoria
2 Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans,
Sidney, BC
3 Alfred Wegener Institut, Bremerhaven, Germany
Email: ken.denman@ec.gc.ca

Coordinator: Douglas Wallace, IFM-GEOMAR
Submitted: Jan 2006
Proposed start: Jan 2007
Requested: EU 6.5 m over 3 years
(12 Institutions, 43 Investigators, 23 sub-projects)

•How changing
atmospheric composition
affects the surface ocean
ecosystem
•How climate-related
changes in surface ocean
processes alter oceanic
emissions to the
atmosphere
•Mechanisms / rates of
air-sea material exchange

Marine Multi-Phase Halogen
Chemistry and its Coupling to
Nitrogen and Sulfur Cycles
MAPHiNS
U. Platt, S. Borrmann, A. Bracher, J.N. Crowley, H. Herrmann,
T. Hoffmann, B. Jähne, A. Richter, P. Spietz, B. Vogel, R. von Glasow, W. von
Hoyningen-Huene, T. Wagner, A. Wiedensohler, R. Wolke
Proposal for a coordinated research project to German Science Foundation
- complementary to SOPRAN
- Duration up to 12 years

OUTLINE of Implementation Projects for each Focus
1:1 Global Ocean Trace Gas Surveys
1:2 The North-Atlantic African Dust-Aerosol
Experiment (NAFDAE)
1:3 Ocean-Atmosphere Ice-Snowpack (OASIS)
1:4 Climate Modeling in SOLAS (CLIMAS)
2:1 World Ocean Gas Exchange Process Studies
2:2 Surface Spray in situ and modelling studies
2:3 HiT-US
2:4 Cape Verde Air-Sea Interaction Time Series
Station
3:1 Air-Water Carbon and Methane Fluxes in
Coastal Oceans
3:2 Southern Ocean Carbon Dioxide Studies
3:3 Global Surface Carbon Concentration Surveys
3:4 Perturbation Experiments
4:1 Autonomous and Langrangian platforms
(ALPS) for SOLAS
4:2 Satellites and Model Assimilations
4:3 Summer School
4:4 Data Management

SOLAS Activity in Japan 2005
June 1-2: The 1st Asian SOLAS Meeting in conjunction with SOLAS SSC meeting in
Tokyo. Activities of SOLAS from China (Beijing) and China (Taipei), India, Japan,
and Korea were reported with over 40 participants
Aug 8 - Sept 21: KH05-2 Cruise (10˚S - 53˚N along with 160˚W)
October 8: GEOSS/BIOCARBON project was funded
Oct 13-15: 1st Workshop Asian Dust and Ocean EcoSystem (ADOES) Weihai
Oct 17-18: The SEEDS II Workshop (Second Iron Enrichment Experiment in the
Western Subarctic Pacific) in Tokyo (Japan, US, Canada)
November 15: Proposal submitted for the FY2006. This program will be funded (request
was for 10.5 million USD)
March 9-10 (2006): SOLAS/IMBER Japan workshop
in Nagoya

SPEEDS
BLOCKS
SNIFFS
SPEEDS:
Summer 2008
Subarctic Pacific
Experiment for Ecosystem
Dynamics Study
BLOCKS:
Spring 2007
Bloom Caused by Kosa
Study (ADOES/SOLAS?)
SNIFFS & II:
Summer 2006 & 2009
Subtropical Nitrogen
Fixation Flux Study

Dust fall in Beijing, Apr.17, 2006

Scientific Objectives of the Task
To improve the understanding of the outbreak mechanism of dust, transport
processes, especially the changes in physical and chemical properties of dust
particles during their transport from source regions to the ocean, and the impacts
of nutrient-rich dust particles on marine ecology system.
� Environmental conditions of dust storm occurrence and its
outbreak mechanism
� Long-distance transportation processes, temporal-spatial
distribution of dust particles
� Changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of Asian
dust during its transportation
� Flux of Asian dust into China seas and the Pacific Ocean
� The major factors controlling the utilization of dust nutrients
� Effects of Asian dust on the marine ecology system
� Radiation transfer in the euphotic layer and its impact on remote
sensing the marine primary productivity

Task: AICI (Air-Ice Chemical
• Sponsored by SOLAS and IGAC
• Eric Wolff (UK)
Paul Shepson (USA)
• Campaigns at South Pole and
Halley Bay (Antarctica) in 2004-
2005 to study tropospheric ozone
depletion, ice photochemistry and
halogen cycles
Interactions)
South Pole
NO > 200 pptv (model expectation 1-5 pptv)
OH ~2 x 10 6 molecules cm -3

Arctic Ocean is central to the understanding of climate and global change
OASIS Science
Ocean-Atmosphere-
Sea Ice-Snowpack
www.OASIShome.net
OASIS is a long term science program for the next decade.
OASIS Implementation
OASIS – IPY 2007-08: m/v Antarctica

SOLAS/INI Review of
Anthropogenic Nitrogen Impacts on the Open Ocean
Joint SOLAS/International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) Review of
Anthropogenic Nitrogen Impacts on the Open Ocean
University of East Anglia on 17-20 November 2006.
The products will be 2-4 papers for submission to journals such
as Deep-Sea Research or Global Biogeochemical Cycles, and a
review paper submitted to Science or Nature.

Second Symposium
on
The Ocean in a High-CO 2 World
Chair: Jim Orr
Date: late 2007/early 2008
Location: undecided.
Potential Co-sponsors: IOC, IGBP, others; we hope that
the PAGES-led FTI will contribute to the meeting.
Product(s):
1. Special issue of a peer-reviewed scientific journal
2. Meeting reports in other publications
3. Research recommendations to SOLAS, IMBER, and
other projects

CARBOOCEAN
Aims at an accurate assessment of marine carbon sources / sinks
Focused on the Atlantic and Southern Oceans (-200 to +200 years)
5 core themes
1. North Atlantic and Southern Ocean CO2 air-sea exchange on seasonal-tointerannual
scale. (Andy Watson)
2. Detection of decadal-to-centennial Atlantic and Southern Ocean carbon inventory
changes. (Doug Wallace)
3. Carbon uptake and release at European regional scale. (Helmuth Thomas)
4. Biogeochemical feedbacks on the oceanic carbon sink. (Marion Gehlen)
5. Future scenarios for marine carbon sources and sinks. (C. Heinze)

Fast track initiative: ocean acidification
1st Workshop 28-30 Nov 2006
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA
Goals: define state of art, key questions, recommendations,
deliverables, and publication outlines
Contact: Thorstein Kiefer
kiefer@pages.unibe.ch

DMS model inter-comparison workshop
Brussels, 4-8 December 2006
• Origin: Discussion forum at SOLAS Open Science meeting, Halifax Oct 2004
Conduct a systematic comparison of DMS ecosystem models against common
data sets to spur improvements and indicate observations to better constrain
DMS dynamics.
→ Ad-hoc committee: C. Lancelot, M. Levasseur and A. Vezina
→Y. Le Clainche drafted as scientific coordinator, V. Schoemann as local organizer
• Support from International SOLAS Office and BELSPO
• Workshop planning at the 4th DMS(P) international symposium at UEA

What is the SOLAS International Project Office (IPO)?
People
Jeff Hare (Executive Officer)
Emily Breviere (Project Officer)
Georgia Bayliss-Brown (Research Assistant)
Roles
• Communication
• Coordination
• Provide an international basis for the SOLAS Legacy

eBulletins, Newsletters, Website
http://www.solas-int.org
Seeking IMP3 contributions to next newsletter

Activities
Coordination at all levels of SOLAS structure, including:
SSC
Sponsored meetings / events
National SOLAS activities
Workshops
Work with other IGBP projects,
Maintain the network
Summer School
Open Science Meetings
Implementation Groups
Data Management Team
Other…..

Summer School 2005:
•29th August- 10th September
•74 participants from 29 nations
•16 leading SOLAS scientists
•Financial support:
Institut Scientifique de Cargèse,
Corsica

Summer School 2007:
•22nd October- 3rd November
•Scientific committee:
Phil Boyd NZ
Minhan Dai China
Mitsuo Uematsu Japan
Maurice Levasseur Canada
Véronique Garçon France
Corinne Le Quéré UK
Peter Liss UK
Uli Platt Germany
Natalie Mahowald US
Eric Saltzman US
Institut Scientifique de Cargèse,
Corsica

COST and KT
• European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and
Technical Research (COST)
– Supports the creation of Data Products for each IMP
– Expecting ~ € 50k per year for 5 years
• UK Natural Environment Research Council Knowledge
Transfer (NERC-KT)
– Data Integrator
– Coordinates with BODC

2007 SOLAS Open Science Meeting
6-9 March 2007 Xiamen, Fujian, China
http://www.solas2007.confmanager.com

Tom Pedersen, Canada
Roland Von Glasow, Germany
Jill Cainey, Australia
Shigenobu Takeda, Japan
Phil Nightingale, UK
Wu-Ting Tsai, China (Taipei)
Lise Lotte Soerensen, Denmark
Barry Huebert, USA
Min-Han Dai, China (Beijing)
Laurent Bopp, France
Kitack Lee, Korea
Lisa Miller, Canada
Véronique Garçon, France
Maurice Levasseur, Canada
Tong Zhu, China (Beijing)
Craig McNeil (USA)
List of Speakers at the
SOLAS Open Science Meeting
6-9 March 2007
Xiamen China

Many thanks for the Support!

• Please attend.
• Register Early!
• Bring your
students.