TESLA Brochure - ACFA Joint Linear Collider Physics and Detector ...

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12 Making tracks:When two particles collide in the HERA ring they produce an “event.”The image on the right shows one such event observed using a detector. Key information can be obtained from the track directions and particle energies. Particle Accelerators— At the Cutting Edge of Science and Technology The knowledge that the rich variety of phenomena observed in the world is reducible to only a few types of elementary particles—quarks and leptons—is undoubtedly one of the most significant discoveries of our times. Measuring less than a billionth of a billionth of a meter, these particles are incredibly small. To see them, we require the most powerful microscope ever built:the particle accelerator. We can also use particle accelerators to investigate the way in which particles of matter are generated from energy. The information gained helps us reconstruct how matter was first created at the birth of the universe. In addition to the pioneering intellectual feats of such major the microcosm physicists as Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg, it is above all the experimental work with particle accelerators that has provided us with truly profound insights into the origin of the cosmos and the innermost structure of matter. Fifty years ago, accelerators were items of laboratory equipment. In the meantime, they have developed into huge facilities measuring several kilometers in length. Using these modern “microscopes,”we have been able to obtain increasingly detailed information about the composition of matter.The search has so far led to the quarks and leptons—perhaps the fundamental building blocks of matter,and thus of the entire world. The current state of affairs is reminiscent of the situation more than 100 years ago when the chemical elements, the molecules and the atoms were discovered. Once the physical laws governing their behavior had been worked out in the form of quantum theory, the way to innumerable applications became clear. Ultimately, the creation of our own high-tech world is a product of these developments. An analogous breakthrough on the level of elementary particles still lies ahead. At slightly higher particle energies, it is very probable that the known laws of physics will reach the limits of their validity.At this juncture, we expect to discover new physical phenomena and processes. It’s a fascinating prospect.With the help of powerful accelerators,we can make this leap. Leptons,quarks and then? Beyond our current knowledge of Z R 1 Inside the “eye”of a supermicroscope:Tracking down tiny particles requires extremely large,sophisticated detectors.The photograph shows the complex interior of one of HERA’s four building-sized detectors during assembly work.Electrons and protons are brought to collision inside HERA — DESY’s large ring accelerator—at extremely high energies.The detector measures the directions in which the electron,the proton or its remaining fragments fly off after a collision.Using this information,physicists can draw conclusions about the physical properties of the particles involved. 2 As it was:Particle tracks recorded in a bubble chamber used in DESY’s first ring accelerator between 1964 and 1972.
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Page 1: an international, interdisciplinary
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Page 6 and 7: 4 Into the microcosm on a voyage of
Page 8 and 9: 6 How Will the TESLA Research Cente
Page 10 and 11: 8 Peak brilliance 10 35 10 33 10 31
Page 12 and 13: 10 How Will the TESLA Research Cent
Page 16 and 17: At the same time, the discovery tha
Page 18 and 19: 16 Harnessing DESY’s Know-How Sin
Page 20 and 21: 18 ELBE Elmshorn What Will the TESL
Page 22 and 23: 20 Ellerhoop—A New Site for Resea
Page 24 and 25: 22 1 2
Page 26 and 27: 24 TESLA—An International Center
Page 28 and 29: 26 Cleanroom for high-tech: TESLA
Page 30 and 31: 28 Particle Accelerators—Shedding
Page 32 and 33: 30 The Standard Model of the Partic
Page 34 and 35: 32 The Dawn of Time Today, it is ge
Page 36 and 37: 34 Holding the world together:The f
Page 38 and 39: 36 Supersymmetry Supersymmetry is a
Page 40 and 41: 38 New Accelerators— New Forms of
Page 42 and 43: 40 X-Ray Lasers Offer New Insight i
Page 44: 42 From the Atom to the Solid Body
Page 47 and 48: 1 2 1 Design for life:A model of de
Page 49 and 50: 1,000 km 2,900 km Scratching the su
Page 51: Freight Transport in Cells— Molec
Page 54 and 55: 52 1 2 Peak brilliance 10 34 10 30
Page 56 and 57: 54 The Third Dimension: Spatial Ima
Page 58 and 59: 56 The X-Ray Laser— Light for a N
Page 60 and 61: 58 Glossary Accelerators: Facilitie
Page 62 and 63: 60 Quarks: Together with the lepton

TESLA Brochure - ACFA Joint Linear Collider Physics and Detector ...

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