09-151.pdf

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CONTENTS Appendix ··············································································· 535 Ⅰ. Maps ········································································ 536 Ⅱ. Text of the Korean War Armistice Agreement ·········· 542 Ⅲ. To the Stationmaster of Sinuiju ································ 566 Ⅳ. Chronology ······························································ 567 Ⅴ. Violations claimed by Both Parties of the Armistice Agreement, 1953-1994 ············································ 664 Ⅵ. Types of Violations of the Armistice Agreement claimed by the KPA against the UNC 1953-1993 ··················· 666 Ⅶ. Types of Violations of the Armistice Agreement claimed by the UNC against the KPA 1953-1991 ··················· 669 Ⅷ. Types of Issues raised in the MAC, 1953-1990 ········ 672 Ⅸ. Casualties from North Korean Armistice Violations, 1953-1991 ······························································· 682 Ⅹ. Number of Proposed MAC Plenary Meetings, 1953-1991 ······························································· 684 XI . KPA/CPV Senior Members, 1953-1994 ···················· 686 XII . UNC/MAC Senior Members, 1953-1994 ·················· 687
KINU Research Monograph <strong>09</strong>-15 Peace-keeping in the Korean Peninsula: The Role of Commissions XIII . Heads of the Czech Delegation to the NNSC, 1953-1993 ······························································· 689 XIV . Heads of the Polish Delegation to the NNSC, 1953-2002 ······························································· 690 XV. Heads of the Swedish Delegation to the NNSC, 1953-2007 ······························································· 692 XVI . Heads of the Swiss Delegation to the NNSC, 1953-2004 ······························································· 694 XVII(a). The Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission’s Unanimous Declaration ············································ 696 XVII(b). The Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission’s Unanimous Declaration ············································ 697 Bibliography ········································································· 699 Index ···················································································· 735
Page 1: KINU Research Monograph 09-15 Peace
Page 4 and 5: Peace-keeping in the Korean Peninsu
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS Acronyms Preface Acknowled
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS 4.3 North-South Dialogue a
Page 12 and 13: Acronyms AA Armistice Agreement ASM
Page 14 and 15: Preface This monograph is the resea
Page 16 and 17: Acknowledgements Firstly, I wish to
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction
Page 21 and 22: (DMZ): “An invisible war now cont
Page 23 and 24: formation takes place nonviolently.
Page 25 and 26: the same criteria. The game theory
Page 27 and 28: News Agency, one article from a jou
Page 29 and 30: is the 1953 Armistice Agreement, wh
Page 31 and 32: 1.6 Korean Names and Terminology Ko
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2 The Foundation of the MAC
Page 35 and 36: pended, how the suspensions were en
Page 37 and 38: However, following strong pressure
Page 39 and 40: flag rank.” The other two “...
Page 41 and 42: secret designs or characteristics o
Page 43 and 44: hospital). To implement its tasks,
Page 45 and 46: cations themselves. In contrast, Sw
Page 47 and 48: as an “aide” and a soldier to c
Page 49 and 50: the way, reloading could freely be
Page 51 and 52: “Checks at the railway stations h
Page 53 and 54: the inspection teams did not work w
Page 55 and 56: fighter planes in transport contain
Page 57 and 58: Korea whether prisoners of war were
Page 59 and 60: armistice North Korea began to buil
Page 61 and 62:
econnaissance flights by one airpla
Page 63 and 64:
asserted that its investigation of
Page 65 and 66:
On November 16, a North Korean comp
Page 67 and 68:
taken photos. 41 The South admitted
Page 69 and 70:
than at the plenary meetings. Howev
Page 71 and 72:
ment rejected the proposal for pass
Page 73 and 74:
the Korean issue should be transfer
Page 75 and 76:
dispatched to investigate the incid
Page 77 and 78:
At the 63rd MAC meeting proposed by
Page 79 and 80:
Marshal General Headquarters. 52 Ar
Page 81 and 82:
According to Weilenmann (2004), sin
Page 83 and 84:
1953, was the first man to point ou
Page 85 and 86:
Treaty that obligated the US to com
Page 87 and 88:
were committed by North Korea and t
Page 89 and 90:
without any harm to the armistice c
Page 91 and 92:
ports of entry had reached a dead e
Page 93 and 94:
earming South Korea in violation of
Page 95 and 96:
the NNSC to work in North Korea and
Page 97 and 98:
At the same time, the South Korean
Page 99 and 100:
emaining teams became “subteams
Page 101 and 102:
ment “... regulating the activiti
Page 103 and 104:
violating Paragraph 13(d). The UNC/
Page 105 and 106:
The UNC/MAC representative maintain
Page 107 and 108:
Wigforss, pointed out the symbolic
Page 109 and 110:
menting its provisions had become i
Page 111 and 112:
to establish that the plane was arm
Page 113 and 114:
The UNC informed the NNSC about its
Page 115 and 116:
pointed out that the North abused t
Page 117 and 118:
an informal meeting in the part of
Page 119 and 120:
Swiss view was again that the issue
Page 121 and 122:
alance. In a missive letter from th
Page 123 and 124:
NNSC to reduce tension in the Far E
Page 125 and 126:
Affairs that work was mainly routin
Page 127 and 128:
2.9 The Parties’ Views of the NNS
Page 129 and 130:
were also invited to get some orien
Page 131 and 132:
negative peace. The defection from
Page 133 and 134:
existence of a neutral commission w
Page 135:
the 1956-57 events a dissolution wa
Page 138 and 139:
3.1 Introduction As we saw in Chapt
Page 140 and 141:
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
Page 142 and 143:
Kim (2003) notes that since the sup
Page 144 and 145:
The military build-up repeatedly ca
Page 146 and 147:
illion in 1967. 106 This extraordin
Page 148 and 149:
As in the late 1950s, the KPA/CPV u
Page 150 and 151:
for about ten years but from the su
Page 152 and 153:
When large-scale North Korean intru
Page 154 and 155:
was foolish; the issue was an inter
Page 156 and 157:
When the 227th meeting proposed by
Page 158 and 159:
incidents had been fabricated by th
Page 160 and 161:
data, that he was not a returning d
Page 162 and 163:
on American and South Korean forces
Page 164 and 165:
14, at about 11 P.M., shortly befor
Page 166 and 167:
number of killed South Koreans fell
Page 168 and 169:
woman who sold eggs in the village.
Page 170 and 171:
October 21, 1966 armed ambush of a
Page 172 and 173:
Before the UNC/MAC at the 289th mee
Page 174 and 175:
harvest holiday) celebration. Accor
Page 176 and 177:
demand was repeated at the followin
Page 178 and 179:
As we have seen, in 1958 Joint Obse
Page 180 and 181:
sequently removed the bodies from t
Page 182 and 183:
to fish in territory that extended
Page 184 and 185:
KPA/CPV convened on August 5, 1966,
Page 186 and 187:
abductees were that North Korean au
Page 188 and 189:
informed of the result when availab
Page 190 and 191:
and kidnappings of fishermen had be
Page 192 and 193:
was shot down close to the Swedish
Page 194 and 195:
in the air. 143 At the 206th meetin
Page 196 and 197:
North Korea over the East Sea 50 mi
Page 198 and 199:
the words of Mobley (2003), a “ca
Page 200 and 201:
outine training mission, with a cre
Page 202 and 203:
lost and therefore flew into your t
Page 204 and 205:
3.6 The Work of the MAC and the NNS
Page 206 and 207:
many armistice violations were comm
Page 208 and 209:
His compatriot Chief of Staff, Majo
Page 210 and 211:
een fighting an ideological war at
Page 212 and 213:
parties, thereby easing tense relat
Page 214 and 215:
among the armistice parties that th
Page 216 and 217:
Nonetheless, the woodcutters report
Page 218 and 219:
estimated its risks. His view is sh
Page 220 and 221:
According to Downs (1999), on the a
Page 222 and 223:
which had not suffered a seizure in
Page 224 and 225:
aggressors.” The “South Korean
Page 226 and 227:
etaliation. Considering the game th
Page 228 and 229:
According to the Swedish NNSC Deleg
Page 230 and 231:
Pak tried to draw out the complete
Page 232 and 233:
North Korea without South Korea’s
Page 234 and 235:
of the 661st Unit of the Korean Peo
Page 236 and 237:
The general reiterated that the ass
Page 238 and 239:
should refuse to abandon their pres
Page 240 and 241:
discuss specific arrangements for t
Page 242 and 243:
of 82 former crew members of the Pu
Page 244 and 245:
Following the signing of the docume
Page 246 and 247:
water zone claimed by North Korea a
Page 248 and 249:
Offensive launched in late January,
Page 250 and 251:
controversial at the top-political
Page 252 and 253:
assassination attempt on President
Page 255 and 256:
Chapter 4 North-South Dialogue and
Page 257 and 258:
NNSC played during the crisis but i
Page 259 and 260:
The October 9 incident was raised a
Page 261 and 262:
side of it not had made a request.
Page 263 and 264:
The outcome was two against and two
Page 265 and 266:
ecorded in Chapter 2 of having an e
Page 267 and 268:
On October 24, the NNSC had receive
Page 269 and 270:
for the first time to acknowledge r
Page 271 and 272:
was going on in Panmunjom.” He co
Page 273 and 274:
South Korea that were a battle for
Page 275 and 276:
Seoul by Yi Hu-rak, Head of the Kor
Page 277 and 278:
egarded as a stronger indication of
Page 279 and 280:
workers carrying out routine work f
Page 281 and 282:
strengthened its war preparations b
Page 283 and 284:
military exercises. The South denie
Page 285 and 286:
y the KPA/CPV held on January 26, 1
Page 287 and 288:
een brought into the JSA and reject
Page 289 and 290:
command are responsible for enforci
Page 291 and 292:
UNC control. North Korea asserted o
Page 293 and 294:
that the UNC and South Korea should
Page 295 and 296:
clumsy and collided with the North
Page 297 and 298:
North Korea admitted that it had su
Page 299 and 300:
none of the crew could be rescued.
Page 301 and 302:
then requested identification but s
Page 303 and 304:
y the UNC/MAC, repeated the “stri
Page 305 and 306:
KPA/CPV Senior Member, Major Genera
Page 307 and 308:
North Korea also proposed to hold t
Page 309 and 310:
maintained quiet discipline, but th
Page 311 and 312:
Assembly, Second Session, convened
Page 313 and 314:
tree should be pruned. That the tre
Page 315 and 316:
As a result of the axe murder, the
Page 317 and 318:
latter’s request addressed to the
Page 319 and 320:
On August 21, work to cut down the
Page 321 and 322:
and made an important contribution
Page 323 and 324:
prevent the provocation. Our side w
Page 325 and 326:
on August 28, the US repeated its d
Page 327 and 328:
Why did the axe murder take place?
Page 329 and 330:
According to Downs (1999), Presiden
Page 331 and 332:
Since on November 15, 1974 steam as
Page 333 and 334:
North Korean defector Kim Pu-sông
Page 335 and 336:
Korean War to protect them from Ame
Page 337 and 338:
North Korea to destroy all tunnels,
Page 339 and 340:
past 25 years had a restraining and
Page 341 and 342:
quo formed a “positive symmetry
Page 343 and 344:
Chapter 5 Continued Tension but Ren
Page 345 and 346:
loped in 1984-85 when a dialogue wa
Page 347 and 348:
areas from the rear of the northern
Page 349 and 350:
in 1981 and accusations of war prep
Page 351 and 352:
of Korea. At the 417th meeting call
Page 353 and 354:
also been raised at two previous me
Page 355 and 356:
secretary meeting held on March 23,
Page 357 and 358:
ground forces which had crossed the
Page 359 and 360:
vessel followed the boat that was e
Page 361 and 362:
under UNC and South Korean control
Page 363 and 364:
The UNC/MAC claimed that the men we
Page 365 and 366:
photographical and physical evidenc
Page 367 and 368:
The North regarded the intrusion on
Page 369 and 370:
the US make this assessment plausib
Page 371 and 372:
opportunity to introduce security-a
Page 373 and 374:
the name of the North Korean Red Cr
Page 375 and 376:
NNSC conference room, as were the f
Page 377 and 378:
In 1987, North Korea forwarded to t
Page 379 and 380:
Korea’s liberation from Japan in
Page 381 and 382:
the UNC/MAC Senior Member called th
Page 383:
counterpart to provide humanitarian
Page 386 and 387:
6.1 Introduction Tension continued
Page 388 and 389:
protest to the South Korean governm
Page 390 and 391:
of terror by the amassing of armies
Page 392 and 393:
and were authorized to have officia
Page 394 and 395:
women were invited to Seoul to part
Page 396 and 397:
6.3 Reactivation of Dialogue and th
Page 398 and 399:
the military demarcation line speci
Page 400 and 401:
1991 Joint Declaration. When in May
Page 402 and 403:
eopening Team Spirit, deploying Pat
Page 404 and 405:
February 1998 were working contacts
Page 406 and 407:
According to Lee (2001b), if the ap
Page 408 and 409:
had invited North Korea to observe
Page 410 and 411:
According to Lee (2001a), since 195
Page 412 and 413:
were informally invited to P’yôn
Page 414 and 415:
Korean peninsula.” 307 In contras
Page 416 and 417:
since November 1984 (cf. pp. 349-35
Page 418 and 419:
the US in reality signed the Armist
Page 420 and 421:
US participated in the war to help
Page 422 and 423:
meeting requested by the North, had
Page 424 and 425:
the new organization demonstrativel
Page 426 and 427:
new peace regime. The UNC/MAC respo
Page 428 and 429:
asked forgiveness for his “grave
Page 430 and 431:
was regarded as a preparation for w
Page 432 and 433:
Armistice Agreement in accordance w
Page 434 and 435:
At the second round of talks reques
Page 436 and 437:
ecurrence, punishment of those resp
Page 438 and 439:
characterized not only the MAC secr
Page 440 and 441:
claimed: “North Korea’s claim t
Page 442 and 443:
6.6 North Korea Expels the Czech Re
Page 444 and 445:
the NNSC expressed its unanimous op
Page 446 and 447:
that it would withdraw on April 10.
Page 448 and 449:
friendly gesture was later interpre
Page 450 and 451:
On February 9, the Deputy Head of t
Page 452 and 453:
On February 24, the South Korean Fo
Page 454 and 455:
oth sides; North Korea’s unilater
Page 456 and 457:
According to the Swedish officer Bo
Page 458 and 459:
Lhotska (1997), for both Sweden and
Page 460 and 461:
However, what Mueller-Lhotska (1997
Page 462 and 463:
evidently with their own consent to
Page 464 and 465:
incident “only serves to further
Page 466 and 467:
As we have seen, North Korea had on
Page 468 and 469:
northern side when they were appreh
Page 470 and 471:
signed the 1994 Agreed Framework th
Page 473 and 474:
Chapter 7 Expanding Relations but C
Page 475 and 476:
with previous periods. The account
Page 477 and 478:
835,838 cases, 832,260 of them on l
Page 479 and 480:
settling serious incidents have hel
Page 481 and 482:
Korean governments began in 1972 to
Page 483 and 484:
from the UNC. The investigation of
Page 485 and 486:
achieve improvements in contacts in
Page 487 and 488:
Agreement should be the basis for o
Page 489 and 490:
enforced. Ten paragraphs remained i
Page 491 and 492:
was no demand for navigation in the
Page 493 and 494:
epatriation of prisoners-of-war was
Page 495 and 496:
were held because of the building o
Page 497 and 498:
In September, four meetings were he
Page 499 and 500:
In 2002 and 2003, joint exhumations
Page 501 and 502:
firing by machine guns had taken pl
Page 503 and 504:
“...to ensure an independent and
Page 505 and 506:
Paengnyông only about 12 kilometre
Page 507 and 508:
In February, Swedish and Swiss NNSC
Page 509 and 510:
7.4 Expansion of Inter-Korean Excha
Page 511 and 512:
Whether this is true or not, two ye
Page 513 and 514:
General Thomas A. Schwartz, stated
Page 515 and 516:
The two Koreas’ different positio
Page 517 and 518:
with the US continue was published
Page 519 and 520:
energy supplies and technical aid.
Page 521 and 522:
335). While the sunshine policy was
Page 523 and 524:
to Kaesông to take place on Decemb
Page 525 and 526:
services from December 1 in protest
Page 527 and 528:
ealize this.” 385 On March 2, the
Page 529 and 530:
“The successful launch of the sat
Page 531 and 532:
the Demilitarized Zone and to the l
Page 533:
the DMZ and observing US-South Kore
Page 536 and 537:
8.1 Contributions of the MAC and th
Page 538 and 539:
enormous damage. Also, it is virtua
Page 540 and 541:
peace-keeping took place in differe
Page 542 and 543:
Otherwise, its mere presence has he
Page 544 and 545:
will remain so until it is replaced
Page 546 and 547:
progress in the military field in p
Page 548 and 549:
The axe murder is the only incident
Page 550 and 551:
South Korea to the US. In the 1990s
Page 552 and 553:
held in March 2009 is hard to asses
Page 554 and 555:
Appendix Ⅰ Maps a) Map of the Kor
Page 556 and 557:
) Map of the Joint Security Area be
Page 558 and 559:
d) Buildings in the Joint Security
Page 560 and 561:
Appendix Ⅱ Text of The Korean War
Page 562 and 563:
Commission. Other personnel shall n
Page 564 and 565:
(c) Cease the introduction into Kor
Page 566 and 567:
prevent unnecessary delays, the use
Page 568 and 569:
whom shall be appointed by the Comm
Page 570 and 571:
33. The Joint Observer teams shall
Page 572 and 573:
ment of its own as it may desire; p
Page 574 and 575:
Sinanju............................
Page 576 and 577:
hand them over to the Neutral Natio
Page 578 and 579:
and shall visit the prisoner-of-war
Page 580 and 581:
prisoners of war shall be delivered
Page 582 and 583:
Article Ⅳ. Recommendations to the
Page 584 and 585:
Appendix Ⅲ To the Stationmaster o
Page 586 and 587:
August 8 At the ninth MAC meeting,
Page 588 and 589:
November 16 At the 89th MAC secreta
Page 590 and 591:
April 15 The UNC Commander in a let
Page 592 and 593:
December 1 North Korea suggests a m
Page 594 and 595:
August 6 At the 63rd MAC meeting, t
Page 596 and 597:
armbands. July 1 The UNC Headquarte
Page 598 and 599:
December 11 At the 90th MAC meeting
Page 600 and 601:
March 3 At the 115th MAC meeting, t
Page 602 and 603:
584 Peace-keeping in the Korean Pen
Page 604 and 605:
June 24 At the 142nd MAC meeting, t
Page 606 and 607:
October 22-23 Premier Kim Il Sung p
Page 608 and 609:
August 19 At 186th MAC plenary meet
Page 610 and 611:
September 30 The “Freedom House
Page 612 and 613:
July 22 At the 227th MAC meeting, t
Page 614 and 615:
Page 616 and 617:
Page 618 and 619:
March 22 North Korea reports that t
Page 620 and 621:
December 30 At the 283rd MAC meetin
Page 622 and 623:
October 23 At the 296th MAC meeting
Page 624 and 625:
1971-1980 North Korea commits altog
Page 626 and 627:
1972 January 26 At the 327th MAC me
Page 628 and 629:
March 12 At the 337th MAC meeting,
Page 630 and 631:
November- January 1974 612 Peace-ke
Page 632 and 633:
Page 634 and 635:
March 21 Defectors Kim Pu-sông and
Page 636 and 637:
August 5 At the 378th MAC meeting,
Page 638 and 639:
1978 The Swiss NNSC delegation is r
Page 640 and 641:
North rejects the accusation. Augus
Page 642 and 643:
Page 644 and 645:
Page 646 and 647:
October 31 At the 422nd MAC plenary
Page 648 and 649:
Page 650 and 651:
April 3 At the 437th MAC meeting, t
Page 652 and 653:
Page 654 and 655:
1991-99 310 corpses of American sol
Page 656 and 657:
December 1991. October 1 South Kore
Page 658 and 659:
January 19 North Korea declares tha
Page 660 and 661:
April Both parties cease to supply
Page 662 and 663:
December 1 South Korea acquires ope
Page 664 and 665:
March 2 At the MAC secretary meetin
Page 666 and 667:
November 14 At the MAC secretary me
Page 668 and 669:
June 26 At the MAC secretary meetin
Page 670 and 671:
June 22 At the seventh round of Gen
Page 672 and 673:
2001 Six UNC/MAC Secretariat-KPA Se
Page 674 and 675:
December The US cuts off oil suppli
Page 676 and 677:
February 25-28 The second round of
Page 678 and 679:
November 7 At the NNSC consultation
Page 680 and 681:
August 8 North Korea blames the US
Page 682 and 683:
Appendix Ⅴ Violations claimed by
Page 684 and 685:
Appendix Ⅵ Types of Violations of
Page 686 and 687:
e) 1990-1993 1990 1991 1992 1993 Ai
Page 688 and 689:
c) 1970-1979 1970 1971 1972 1973 19
Page 690 and 691:
Appendix Ⅷ Types of Issues raised
Page 692 and 693:
1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
Page 694 and 695:
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
Page 696 and 697:
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Page 698 and 699:
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
Page 700 and 701:
Appendix Ⅸ Casualties from North
Page 702 and 703:
Appendix Ⅹ Number of Proposed MAC
Page 704 and 705:
Appendix XI KPA/CPV Senior Members,
Page 706 and 707:
No Name Rank Mandate Period Number
Page 708 and 709:
Appendix XIV Heads of Polish Delega
Page 710 and 711:
Appendix XV Heads of Swedish Delega
Page 712 and 713:
Appendix XVI Heads of Swiss Delegat
Page 714 and 715:
Appendix XVII(a) The Neutral Nation
Page 717 and 718:
Bibliography Ahlgren, Kjell. “Ins
Page 719 and 720:
Commission in Panmunjom (Korea) 195
Page 721 and 722:
[KINU], 2006, pp. 17-22. . “Puk h
Page 723 and 724:
Europa Publications. The Far East a
Page 725 and 726:
. Månadsrapport, mars 1975: Bilaga
Page 727 and 728:
Harrison, William. Military Armisti
Page 729 and 730:
. Slurapport: Bilaga: Generalmajor
Page 731 and 732:
June 16, 2003. Accessed December 13
Page 733 and 734:
Edition (2004-2006).] Hapch’am ch
Page 735 and 736:
Means of Firing Power.”] In Kim,
Page 737 and 738:
. “DMZ-nôn ôptta.” [“There
Page 739 and 740:
day. Lerner, Mitchell B. The Pueblo
Page 741 and 742:
Machiavelli, Nicoló. The Prince. C
Page 743 and 744:
Norlin, Per. “Lugnt hos svenskar
Page 745 and 746:
[Ministry of Foreign Affairs.] Prom
Page 747 and 748:
Swedish Group NNSC. Slutrapport H:1
Page 749 and 750:
. “MAC Meet: UNC Hits Dispatching
Page 751 and 752:
Werner, Finn. Månadsrapport januar
Page 753 and 754:
Agreed Framework / 384-5, 452, 499,
Page 755 and 756:
408-409, 431, 456, 472, 522 Chinese
Page 757 and 758:
in, 240, 249-250, 297 Julin, Sven /
Page 759 and 760:
peace, 42, 186, 234, 258-9, 322-3,
Page 761 and 762:
North Korea / 2, 3, 16, 17, 18, 19,
Page 763 and 764:
P’yôngyang / 25, 89, 102, 111, 1
Page 765 and 766:
Ulchin-Samch’ôk area/incident /
Page 768:
Peace-keeping in the Korean Peninsu
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