maryland career clusters - Maryland State Department of Education
maryland career clusters - Maryland State Department of Education
maryland career clusters - Maryland State Department of Education
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MARYLAND CAREER CLUSTERS
RESTRUCTURING LEARNING FOR STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
IN A TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED, GLOBAL SOCIETY
Second Edition
Reprint - November 2007
An initiative of the Maryland State Department of Education, the Governor’s Workforce Investment Board, the Maryland State
Department of Business and Economic Development, and the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.
“Public education is a joint investment.
We must all work together to see that our
curriculum is relevant and reflective of the real
world. Our students must be actively engaged in
the learning process and must have the knowledge
and skills they need to transition successfully from
school to postsecondary education and careers.”
Dr. Nancy S. Grasmick
State Superintendent of Schools
Maryland State Department of Education
“We are indebted to the over 350 Maryland
employers who partnered with us to create
a system of Career Clusters that will allow
CTE instruction to keep pace with the
21st century economy.”
Katharine M. Oliver
Assistant State Superintendent
Maryland State Department of Education
Maryland Career Clusters: An Overview 1
Guide to Maryland’s 10 Career Clusters 5
Career Cluster 1: Arts, Media, and Communication 6
Career Cluster 2: Business Management and Finance 10
Career Cluster 3: Construction and Development 14
Career Cluster 4: Consumer Services, Hospitality, and Tourism 17
Career Cluster 5: Environmental, Agricultural, and Natural Resources Systems 22
Career Cluster 6: Health and Biosciences 26
Career Cluster 7: Human Resource Services 31
Career Cluster 8: Information Technology 35
Career Cluster 9: Manufacturing, Engineering, and Technology 39
Career Cluster 10: Transportation Technologies 44
“Maryland’s Career Clusters will
ensure that Career and Technology
Education programs are aligned with
GWIB’s demand-driven Industry
Initiative that seeks to ensure an
educated, qualified workforce for
the State’s employers.”
Robert Seurkamp
Executive Director
Governor’s Workforce Investment Board
Maryland Career Clusters
MARYLAND CAREER CLUSTERS
HELP HIGH SCHOOLS WORK
SMARTER IN TODAY’S
COMPETITIVE ECONOMY.
Maryland Career Clusters are driven by what students need to
know and do in order to be fully prepared for further education
and careers in the 21st-century global economy. Career
Clusters provide an important context for educational reform
efforts as outlined in the Maryland State Department of
Education’s (MSDE) Achievement Matters Most: Maryland’s
Plan for Every Student and the Policies and Procedures for the
Development and Continuous Improvement of Career and
Technology Education (CTE) Programs. Under the guidance of
MSDE, Maryland business, industry, and labor leaders
organized the state’s Career Cluster system.
Career Clusters have been embraced nationally at both secondary
and postsecondary levels. Maryland is a recognized leader in
successfully adapting the national framework to the state’s
economy and education reform. Local school systems and
community colleges, along with other providers of postsecondary
education, are using the Career Cluster system to organize
teaching and learning to meet the specific needs and resources
of their communities.
Career Clusters also help enhance economic development. They are
groupings of interrelated occupations that represent the full range of
career opportunities. By connecting educators and employers,
career clusters provide a common framework to help ensure that
Maryland has a high-quality workforce that attracts and retains
businesses to the state.
MORE RELEVANT
At a time when the need for skills-driven education and high
academic and technical achievement is greater than ever,
While nearly 80 percent of
America’s high school
graduates enroll in college,
an increasing number
require remedial help at the
outset. And overall, less
than half of four-year college
students complete the
degree within five years.
U.S. Department of Education, National Center For
Education Statistics (National Longitudinal Study)
we’re losing many of our
high school students to
indifference.
Students are struggling
to find the relevance that
coursework will have
on their future.
Too often students graduate
inadequately prepared for
challenging careers and the
rigors of continued learning.
Maryland Career Clusters promote student success by
relating students’ educational experiences to their future
goals and aspirations. Seeing the relevance of education,
more students can reach high levels of performance, thus
closing the achievement gaps.
MORE FOCUSED
Maryland high schools are changing to better prepare every
student for success after high school in higher education and
challenging careers. The Maryland Career Clusters system
directs students toward focused programs of study that make
the high school experience more meaningful. Not unlike
choosing a subject major in college, Career Clusters provide
students an opportunity to select a field of interest while they
are still in high school. They focus students and provide a
variety of career options to pursue. When students are
interested and engaged, learning takes place.
Concentrated learning in a given subject area is not a new
concept in Maryland. Many local school systems have in place
focused programs of study, such as the International
Baccalaureate; Performing Arts Magnets; Math, Science, and
Technology Signatures; and Finance Academies. Career
Clusters are a resource for high schools as they reorganize
into smaller learning communities. Instruction is organized
around career themes, providing more students the
opportunity to explore career choices while still in high school
and enroll in pathway programs that enable them to
successfully transition from high school to postsecondary
education.
Similarly, community colleges are adapting career clusters as
a means of organizing degree programs to ease the transition
of students from high school and provide focused programs of
study. Because learning is a lifelong process, Maryland
educators have taken steps to ensure that high school
students can readily transition to two-year colleges, four-year
colleges, or other postsecondary education to reach their
goals. Through articulated Tech Prep and CTE pathway
programs, students take a sequence of courses beginning in
high school and continuing at two- or four-year colleges
without repeating material already mastered.
The 10 Career Cluster frameworks include listings of available
career options with an associate’s degree or less, a bachelor’s
degree, or more than a bachelor’s degree.
1
2
Maryland Career Clusters
MORE PREPARED
Today’s knowledge-based economy demands continuous
learning and innovation. It calls for a highly skilled and flexible
workforce with the ability to work in cross-functional teams with
people from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. The
focus is no longer on performing a single job or task. To be
successful, students must be able to:
• Understand the educational requirements for success in
college and the workplace;
• Manage their own careers and their need for continuing
education in a constantly changing environment; and
• Identify and seek career advancement opportunities.
Aligns teaching and learning with students’ interests.
Helps students become more self-directed and
focused on their future.
Relates classwork to students’ goals and interests.
Provides a framework for organizing high schools into
smaller learning communities.
Aligns high school programs of study to college and
workplace requirements.
Organizes career opportunities into 10 Career Clusters.
Anticipates and responds to changes in the economy.
Guides the continuous improvement of career and technology
education programs.
Aligns course content to state standards.
MORE PRODUCTIVE
FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF MARYLAND CAREER CLUSTERS
FEATURES BENEFITS
“Two years after graduating high school, I
received my Associate Degree in Nursing. I
attended college classes while still in high school
and over each summer. The advantage to
participating in this program was I could work
part time, while still living at home. This
program was fast paced and intense, but it was
worth every minute. I love nursing and am very
proud to be a Registered Nurse.”
Tiffany Edwards
Associate Degree in Nursing
College of Southern Maryland
Career Clusters allow business leaders to be partners in
education where students can participate in more extensive
career development opportunities. As a result, students aspire to
learn and determine their own education and career goals.
Career Clusters create clear and smooth educational pathways
young people can follow from kindergarten through grade 12, on
to community college or other postsecondary education, and into
the workplace. Throughout high school and postsecondary
education, students participate in a variety of work-based
learning opportunities that assist in determining their future
career development and career goals.
When students are interested in what they’re learning,
they stay involved and perform better.
Students who set goals achieve greater success in
high school, community college and beyond.
Students are motivated to work harder, enroll in more challenging
courses, and make better career choices.
Students receive more personalized instruction,
advice, and support.
Programs of study ready students for college and
eliminate the need for remediation.
Students, parents, and advisors understand future career
possibilities, thus facilitating career decision-making.
Business and community leaders continue to keep educators
informed on the changing requirements of the workplace.
Students can earn industry credentials, and/or gain advanced
standing in college and careers.
Student achievement increases and dropout rates decrease.
“Career clusters and pathways are
designed to make options for students
easy to understand. In that way, students
are able to make better and more
informed decisions about their future
careers, inspiring them to do their very
best while still in high school.”
Shelley A. Johnson
Director, Career and Technology Education
Montgomery County Public Schools
Maryland Career Clusters
CAREER CLUSTERS ARE
ORGANIZED AROUND
10 BROAD CAREER
AREAS THAT REFLECT
MARYLAND’S KEY
ECONOMIC SECTORS.
Each Maryland Career Cluster encompasses a range of careers
based on essential economic activities, similar interests,
common skills, and training required by those in the field. When
students pursue a Career Cluster, they can still explore
coursework in related clusters.
Maryland’s system encompasses virtually all careers and levels of
education—from entry level to professional level—in the following
10 Career Clusters:
1. Arts, Media, and Communication
1. Arts, Media, and Communication
2. Business Management and Finance
3. Construction and Development
4. Consumer Services, Hospitality, and Tourism
5. Environmental, Agricultural, and Natural Resources Systems
6. Health and Biosciences
7. Human Resource Services
8. Information Technology
9. Manufacturing, Engineering, and Technology
10.Transportation Technologies
“I enrolled in the Academy of Finance because
of the internships. Now that I’m in college, I’m
motivated to take more advanced courses and
to learn about the variety of careers that are
available to me.”
Kim Wefelmeyer
High School Graduate
Northeast High School, Anne Arundel County
“Over the past two decades, 12th graders
have reported a declining interest in
school, while the effort they apply to their
school work has generally shown no
measurable change over the past decade.”
The Condition of Education 2002
National Center For Education
United States Department of Education
“The partnerships being forged between
the business community, state and local
economic development officials and
educators are a critical element of
workforce development in Maryland. In
the new fast-paced, global economy, it is
no longer sufficient to prepare workers
for today’s jobs; we must teach students
the skills they will need to fill the jobs
of tomorrow.”
Aris Melissaratos,
Maryland Secretary of Business and Economic Development
“The implementation of career clusters in
the Cecil County Public Schools’ high
school curricula has facilitated student
determination of career goals and defined
a focused grades 9-16 educational plan
for all students.
The career cluster model has enhanced
postsecondary and business partnerships
and increased the rigor and relevance of
the courses that students select.”
Mary Etta Reedy
Executive Director for High School Education
3
4
Maryland Career Clusters
USING CAREER CLUSTERS, STUDENTS IDENTIFY CAREER
OPTIONS CALLED CAREER PATHWAYS
Maryland business leaders worked with MSDE to define the core
functions of each industry represented by the Career Cluster.
These core functions became the Career Pathways for each
cluster. The Career Pathways include a range of career
opportunities. Because each Career Cluster is broadly defined,
there is overlapping and common content across clusters,
allowing for flexibility in program design.
Career Pathways are like road maps of learning that help students
plan for and pursue further education and careers. Students can
explore a wide range of career options that require postsecondary
education and training. Students also have opportunities to apply
academics and develop technical skills in a career area.
Educators use the cluster materials to develop sequential
programs of study that include at least the last two years of
high school and two or more years of postsecondary education.
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Software Operations
Hardware Operations
HEALTH AND
BIOSCIENCES
Infomatics
Basic/Applied Research
Manufacturing
Programs provide multiple options for students (such as early
college admissions through dual enrollment, articulated credit,
and advanced placement at two- and four-year colleges) as they
prepare for further education and careers. Career and
Technology Education programs of study also prepare students
to earn industry-recognized credentials.
As shown in the diagram below, a high school may be organized
around four Career Clusters and multiple pathways. An example
of one related, CTE-focused program of study is provided for a
Career Pathway within each cluster.
Not every pathway will have a corresponding program of study.
However, counselors and parents must be aware of the entire
scope of the industry as they guide students in preparing for
college and careers.
Networking (CCNP) Biotechnology Media Production Engineering
Underpinning Career Clusters are the Maryland content
standards. These standards reflect the common knowledge and
skills students need for each cluster. Content standards include
three components: academic, technical, and workplace skills. In
Maryland, the workplace skills are known as the Skills for
Success. These include learning, thinking, communication,
technology, and interpersonal skills. The academic and technical
CAREER CLUSTERS
ARTS, MEDIA, AND
COMMUNICATIONS
CAREER PATHWAYS
Health Services
Print and Broadcast
Journalism
Visual Arts
Multimedia Production
Graphic Design
and Printing
MANUFACTURING,
ENGINEERING, AND
TECHNOLOGY
Project Engineering
Manufacturing Process
and Quality Assurance
Logistics and
Inventory Control
EXAMPLES OF HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAMS OF STUDY
Cisco Networking (CCNA) Biotechnology Multimedia Production
Project Lead the Way
(Pre-Engineering)
EXAMPLES OF COLLEGE PROGRAMS OF STUDY
THE PATHWAY TO ACHIEVEMENT
content standards are used by educators as they design more
challenging course sequences for each CTE pathway program.
Improved school and student performance is tied to the
Maryland School Assessment Program and the High School
Assessments based on Maryland content standards that drive
higher expectations. Students progress through a continuum of
learning experiences toward their future goals.
Maryland Career Clusters
“Students come to college better
prepared, more focused and ready to
acquire knowledge if they have had the
type of applied or experiential learning
that imparts the true application of
knowledge.”
Teri Hollander
Associate Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs
University System of Maryland
“Maryland’s educational institutions must
provide rich and diverse opportunities for
learning, research, and preparation for
initial employment, career advancement,
and career changes.”
Kevin O’Keefe
Chair
Maryland Higher Education Commission
“Maryland’s career clusters offer an
excellent framework to promote
collaboration between community colleges
and high schools to improve students’
transitions from one learning level to
the next. The clusters provide a roadmap
to the future as graduates continue
their education and enter employment.
The community colleges of Maryland
are committed to helping students
achieve their career goals through
lifelong learning.”
Clay Whitlow
Executive Director
Maryland Association of Community Colleges
GUIDE TO MARYLAND’S
10 CAREER CLUSTERS
The section that follows describes in detail each of the 10 Career
Clusters and their corresponding Career Pathways. Each
description features a diagram of the Career Cluster, which
graphically illustrates its specific features, including:
• Career Pathways that represent the major business functions
within the industry/Career Cluster;
• Career Cluster knowledge and skills, or a common core of
academic, technical, and workplace skills required by
professionals in the industry as a whole;
• Career specialties or occupations within each Career pathway; and
• Postsecondary education options that students may pursue to
advance in a cluster.
The Maryland State Department of Education is providing leadership
and technical assistance in the implementation of the Career Cluster
system by:
• Working with business leaders to refine and keep current the
content standards;
• Helping educators use Career Clusters to establish smaller
learning communities and program articulation;
• Providing a K-16 career development model;
• Identifying best practices and exemplary programs; and
• Monitoring outcomes for student success.
“Through career clusters and pathways,
employers benefit from a well-educated, focused,
and critically thoughtful workforce. Our society
gains a citizenry whose members are among the
best-prepared in the world.”
Martha Smith
President
Anne Arundel Community College
5
6
Career Cluster 1
ARTS, MEDIA, AND COMMUNICATION
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• Expanded global communication and travel are increasing the
multicultural content of visual and performing arts and
communication products and services, and providing new
audiences and markets throughout the United States and
the world.
• The growing complexity and rapid pace of modern society
and increased global communication and advances in
information technology are contributing to an information
explosion and expanding markets for mass communication
products and services. These products and services include
highly specialized journalistic content and coverage; including
business, arts and
MASS COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC
RELATIONS
GRAPHIC
DESIGN
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
PRINT &
BROADCAST
JOURNALISM
GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
Looking at the industry as a whole, three core areas—Fine Arts and
Entertainment, Mass Communication, and Graphic Communication
—organize the pathways according to major functions in the
industry. Within the core areas, Career Pathways show more
specific business activities that offer a range of related career
opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
PRINTING
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
entertainment, global events, and government. These mass
communication products and services are being distributed
across the full range of mass communication media, including
radio, television, and the Internet; and print media, such as
newspapers, books, and magazines.
• Advances in information technology are having major impacts
on the visual and performing arts, business communication and
advertising, and the graphic arts and printing industry. These
advances also are driving the growth of multimedia production
in traditional areas, such as movies and television; and new
areas, such as the gaming industry.
VISUAL ARTS
PERFORMING
ARTS
MULTIMEDIA
PRODUCTION
FINE ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
programs. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career.
As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they
advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
Career Cluster 1
ARTS, MEDIA, AND COMMUNICATION
CORE AREA 1: FINE ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
PATHWAY: VISUAL ARTS
Creating, designing, developing, and producing
visual arts.
• Create fine arts, design, or photographic art.
• Promote, show, and distribute visual arts through
museums, galleries, retail stores, and other distribution
channels.
PATHWAY: PERFORMING ARTS
Creating, designing, developing, producing, and
performing in music, theater, and dance, and providing
business and technical services.
• Perform as a musician, actor, dancer, and/or singer.
• Promote, manage, and support performers and
performances.
PATHWAY: MULTIMEDIA PRODUCTION
Creating and distributing multimedia content focused
on audio, film, video, and game production, including
simulation.
• Produce multimedia content.
• Market, manage, and distribute multimedia products
through radio and television broadcasting and cable,
retail stores, the Internet, and a wide variety of devices,
including PDAs, computers, and cell phones.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Cartoonist
• Fashion Artist
• Photographer
• Sketch Artist
• Craftsperson
• Illustrator
• Exhibition Installer
• Interior Designer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Technician (i.e.,
audio-visual,
lighting, sound,
stage, props,
construction,
costume)
• Actor
• Dancer
• Musician
• Producer
• Assistant Producer
• Agent
• Playwright
• Light, Costume, or
Sound Designer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Technicians (i.e.,
live action segments
and motion capture)
• Producer (i.e., film,
music, radio,
recording, television)
• Sales Agent
• Game Tester
• Level Designer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Textile Designer
• Conservator
• Museum Director
• Fine Artist (i.e.,
painting, sculpture,
ceramics)
• Animator
• Gallery Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Production Manager
• Director
• Theater Manager
• Casting Director
• Set Designer
• Stage Manager
• Dance
Choreographer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Programmer
• Game Designer
• Production Manager
• Artist-3D Modeler
• Web Designer
• Video Designer
• Character Animator
• Artist
• Screenwriter
• Editor
• Program Manager
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Art Historian
• Museum Curator
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Composer
• Arranger
• Conductor
• Musician Coach
• Artistic Director
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Researcher
• Software
Engineer-Usability
7
8
Career Cluster 1
ARTS, MEDIA, AND COMMUNICATION
CORE AREA 2: MASS COMMUNICATION
PATHWAY: PRINT AND BROADCAST
JOURNALISM
Developing, producing, and publishing written, visual,
and multimedia journalistic content through mass
communication media.
• Write, present, and produce articles, stories, and related
journalistic content for radio, television, the Internet,
newspapers, books, and magazines.
• Provide business management services and technical
support.
PATHWAY: PUBLIC RELATIONS
Providing public relations and advertising services and
business communications.
• Create public relations communications for all forms
of media.
• Manage and support public relations and communications
operations.
CORE AREA 3: GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
PATHWAY: GRAPHIC DESIGN
Designing and developing digital images.
• Prepare digital images.
• Provide business management and technical support
services.
PATHWAY: PRINTING
Printing digital images, managing business operations,
and providing technical support.
• Conduct press operations.
• Use tools and procedures for quality control.
• Manage business operations, including customer
service, sales/accounts, and scheduling, shipping,
and distribution.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
REQUIRES FOUR-YEAR
• Software
Applications
Support Specialist
• Electronic Technician
• Audio-Visual
Equipment
Technician
• Web Designer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
REQUIRES FOUR-YEAR
• Advertising
Coordinator
• Public Relations
Assistant
• Community Relations
Coordinator
• Advertising Layout
Designer
• Media Buyer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
REQUIRES FOUR-YEAR
• Graphic Designer
• Desktop Publisher
• Digital Imaging
Specialist
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
REQUIRES FOUR-YEAR
• Pre-Media/Pre-
Press Imaging
Specialist
• Bindery and
Finishing Technician
• Press Operator
• Circulation Agent
• Digital Imaging
Specialist
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Journalist
• Novelist
• Writer
• Reporter
• Broadcast News
Analyst
• Radio Announcer
• Television Announcer
• General Manager
• Operations Manager
• Advertising Copywriter
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Speech Writer
• Publicist
• Public Relations
Manager
• Communications
Manager
• Advertising
Manager
• Writer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• General Manager
• Operations Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Pre-Media/Pre-
Press Manager
• General Manager
• Operations Manager
• Ink Chemist
• Paper Scientist
• Production Manager
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Researcher
• Historian
• Editor
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Public Relations
Department
Manager
• Advertising Firm
CEO
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Graphic Design Firm
CEO
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Computer Systems
Engineer
• Equipment Design
Engineer
Career Cluster 1
ARTS, MEDIA, AND COMMUNICATION
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Information Technology and Communications Support: Telecommunications, data and computer support
services, including communications systems, devices, and equipment, computer software and hardware, and
Internet services.
• Financial Management and Accounting: Business support services in finance and accounting.
• Purchasing and Procurement: Purchasing of materials and equipment for organizations involved in performing
and distributing.
• Legal Services: Legal services that address all aspects of the business, including purchasing contracts,
leases, human resources, and risk management.
• Public Policy/Government Relations: Managing government communications, lobbying, and managing
relationships with government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.
• Human Resources/Training: Business activities involved in recruitment and hiring of employees, performance
reviews, compensation and benefits management, labor relations, and compliance with government laws
and regulations; training and development of employees, from orientation to professional and management
development.
• Marketing and Sales: Market analysis, advertising and promotion, sales, and customer service.
• Health and Safety/Environmental Management: Managing and improving health and safety, and maintaining
compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, including OSHA, EPA, and CDC.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
ARTS, MEDIA, AND COMMUNICATION
Maryland school systems have achieved national accreditation for their Graphic and Printing Programs
and an opportunity for students to achieve national certification through PrintED. PrintED,
administered by the Graphic Arts Education and Research Foundation (GAERF�), is a national
accreditation program, based on industry standards, for graphic communications courses of study at
the secondary and postsecondary levels. Program completers can receive up to nine articulated
credits towards an Associate of Arts degree, which further articulates to a Bachelor of Arts degree in
graphic design.
9
10
Career Cluster 2
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• The financial services industry sector is becoming increasingly
integrated, with many businesses offering a complete range of
investment, brokerage, depository, insurance, and lending
services. This trend will require financial services professionals
to develop, sell, and service a much broader range of financial
products and services.
• Businesses are facing an increasingly global, rapidly changing,
and competitive environment requiring business management
services professionals to have stronger finance, marketing and
communication, legal, and management skills. They also will
face major challenges in recruiting, hiring, developing, and
retaining skilled workers and improving productivity, which will
require innovative thinking in human resource management.
FINANCIAL SERVICES
HUMAN
RESOURCES
FINANCIAL
SERVICES
MARKETING
Looking at the industry as a whole, two core areas—Business
Management Services and Financial Services—organize the
pathways according to major functions in the industry. Within
the core areas, Career Pathways show more specific business
activities that offer a range of related career opportunities.
Students can prepare for a variety of career options through two
and four-year colleges (including graduate programs), private
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
• Businesses will continue to expand the use of information
technology in all aspects of the business enterprise and will
seek more comprehensive e-commerce and information
management solutions to remain competitive. This will require
all business management professionals to have stronger
information technology skills. Information technology
professionals will need stronger business skills to better
design and manage information technology solutions that
meet business needs.
BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICES
BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
FINANCE &
ACCOUNTING
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SERVICES
career schools, and employee sponsored programs. Appropriate
work experience may also be important to increase career
opportunities. The center circle represents the common
knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career. As
students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they advance
their readiness for careers in that pathway.
Career Cluster 2
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE
CORE AREA 1: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SERVICES
PATHWAY: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Managing and supervising activities related to the
organization of a business.
•Develop organization’s strategic plan.
•Implement plan of work.
•Provide effective and efficient management of
business operations.
PATHWAY: HUMAN RESOURCES
Managing business activities related to employment
and operating in compliance with government laws
and regulations.
• Recruit and hire employees.
• Evaluate performance.
• Provide compensation and benefits.
• Conduct training and development.
• Manage labor relations.
PATHWAY: FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING
Managing the financial operations of a business which
includes the assets, investments, liabilities, and
operating results.
• Manage, audit, and prepare financial and tax reports.
• Evaluate revenue, expenses, and financial
requirements, and manage business investments.
WITH AN ASSOCIATES’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Management
Trainee
• Executive Assistant
• Supervisor
• Small Business
Manager
WITH AN ASSOCIATES’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Payroll Clerk
• Human Resources
Clerk
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Accounting Clerk
• Accounts Payable/
Receivable Clerk
• Bookkeeper
• Payroll clerk
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Branch Manager
• Project Manager
• Operations Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Recruiter
• Trainer
• Compensation,
Benefits, and Job
Analyst Specialist
• Affirmative Action
Coordinator
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Accountant
• Credit Analyst
• Investment Banker
• Financial Analyst
• Budget Analyst
• Auditor
• Tax Analyst
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Chief Executive
Officer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Human Resources
Manager
• Employee or Labor
Relations Manager
• Employee
Assistance Plan
Manager
• Training and
Development
Manager
• Organizational
Developer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Economist
• Chief Financial
Officer
• Treasurer
• Comptroller
• Finance Director
• Certified Public
Accountant
11
12
Career Cluster 2
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE
PATHWAY: MARKETING
Strategizing business activities related to selling,
customer support services, and public relations.
• Analyze customer markets.
• Determine product mix, pricing, promotion, distribution,
and public relation strategies.
• Provide customer support services.
PATHWAY: BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
Providing administrative support throughout
organizations.
• Manage information.
• Provide computer applications support.
• Develop and manage report/document production,
communication, planning, and organization.
• Coordinate meetings and events.
• Manage the general office.
CORE AREA 2: FINANCIAL SERVICES
PATHWAY: FINANCIAL SERVICES
Selling, delivering, and supporting investment,
brokerage, depository, insurance, and lending services.
• Provide sales and services functions across a broad
array of financial products and services.
• Research and develop new financial products and
services, including pricing based on changing financial
risks and market demand.
• Provide transactional services.
• Evaluate and control risk in providing financial services.
• Manage relationships with major investors.
WITH AN ASSOCIATES’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Sales
Representative
• Customer Service
Representative
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Office Manager
• Administrative Assistant
• Secretary
• Data Entry Specialist
• Computer Support Specialist
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Securities/
Commodities
Sales Agent
• Brokerage Clerk
• Insurance Agent
• Bank Teller
• Loan Processor
• Insurance Policy
Processor
• Insurance Claims
Agent or
Investigator
• Claims Adjuster
• Claims Examiner
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Buyer
• Market Research
Analyst
• Public Relations
Specialist
• Media Coordinator
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Administrative Services
Manager
• General Manager
• Operations Manager
• Executive Assistant
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Personal Financial
Advisor
• Investment Advisor
• Financial Analyst
• Loan Officer
• Bank Operations
Manager
• Underwriter
• Insurance Appraiser
• General Manager
• Operations Manager
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Marketing Manager
• Advertising and
Promotions
Manager
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Economist
• Actuary
• Statistician
• Certified Public
Accountant
Career Cluster 2
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Customer Support: Providing sales and service support through call centers, help desks, and online services,
requiring strong communications and customer service skills similar to customer service representatives.
• Community Relations: Managing relationships with local communities, including activities required under
community reinvestment laws.
• Regulatory Compliance: Operating in compliance with government laws and regulations.
• Security: Private and public security services that protect the assets and lives of customers and employees.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE
Through a partnership with the National Academy Foundation (NAF), Maryland’s National Academy of
Finance program features two specialized courses each semester and a college level course in the
senior year. The program offers courses such as Financial Services, Economics, Banking and Credit,
Securities, International Finance, Financial Planning, and Insurance. Finance Academies introduce
students to the broad career opportunities in the financial services industry and equip them to make
sound choices for the future.
13
14
Career Cluster 3
CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• Population and economic growth and the transformation of
major metropolitan areas will continue to fuel the demand for
more residential and commercial building construction and the
need to expand and upgrade the public infrastructure, including
transportation.
• The construction industry faces a more complex political,
social, and economic environment for the planning of
residential, commercial, and public infrastructure projects.
Construction professionals face challenges in creating plans
and designs for major projects that meet more stringent
PLANNING
Looking at the industry as a whole, four pathways represent the
major functions in the industry. Career Pathways show more
specific business activities that offer a range of related career
opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
government requirements and gain the support of multiple
stakeholders. The construction and development sector also
faces new challenges in managing complex construction
projects so that projects are completed on time and meet
customer requirements for quality and costs.
• Advances in science and technology will continue to drive
innovation in the design, construction, and maintenance of
buildings and infrastructure, including new design concepts,
construction materials and methods, and the application of
information technology.
MAINTENANCE &
OPERATIONS
DESIGN CONSTRUCTION
programs. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career.
As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they
advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
Career Cluster 3
CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
PATHWAY: PLANNING
Planning of construction projects, including the market
analysis that determines the need for the project and
builds public-private support; environmental impact;
and the financial analysis that determines costs and
financing requirements.
• Develop concept, feasibility analysis, and master plan.
• Manage business and marketing aspects.
PATHWAY: DESIGN
Designing and engineering physical structures
from original concept to complete architectural and
engineering plans for the development of land sites
and the physical structures built on sites.
• Develop budget.
• Program all elements of project.
• Develop concepts/schematics and construction
documents.
• Determine construction support.
• Manage business and marketing aspects.
PATHWAY: CONSTRUCTION
Conducting the bidding and award process and actual
construction of physical structures, including land
development, general contracting, and special trades
contracting activities.
• Procure labor, materials, and subcontractors.
• Construct site.
• Conduct inspection, closeout/acceptance, and
warranty processes.
• Manage business and marketing aspects.
PATHWAY: MAINTENANCE AND
OPERATIONS
Managing, operating, and maintaining/repairing
existing physical structures.
• Provide warranty and repair services.
• Maintain landscape.
• Manage business and marketing aspects.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Construction
Manager
• Civil Engineering
Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Construction Manager
• Drafter/CAD Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Construction Manager
• Drafter/CAD Technician
• Building Code Inspector
• Plumber
• Carpenter
• Electrician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Real Estate Manager
• Facility Manager
• Construction Occupations
(all trades )
• Heating, Ventilation, Air
Conditioning, Refrigeration
Technician
• Engineering Technician
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Architect
• Financial Analyst
• Environmental
Engineer
• Civil Engineer
• Land Surveyor
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Urban and Regional
Planner
• Engineers (all types)
• Architect
• Specifications Writer
• Environmental Scientist
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Engineers (all types)
• Project Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Engineers (all types)
• Project Manager
• Cost Estimator
15
16
Career Cluster 3
CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Code Review: Public and private activities involved in ensuring that construction projects are in compliance
with government regulations and building codes.
• Equipment Maintenance: Maintaining the reliability and performance of construction equipment including
preventive maintenance and repair.
• Quality Assurance: Business activities that ensure construction projects are using processes for buildings and
physical structures to meet quality standards.
• Information Technology: Business services that provide telecommunications, data and computer support services,
and overall e-commerce support to the core business functions.
• Human Resources: Recruitment and hiring of employees, performance reviews, compensation and benefits
management, labor relations, and compliance with government laws and regulations.
• Training: Training and development of construction employees ranging from orientation and safety training to
apprenticeship training for specific trades.
• Marketing: Promotion and selling of construction projects and the overall business to targeted markets.
• Risk Management: Prevention and management of financial losses due to a range of causes, including accidents
and injuries, theft, and environmental impacts.
• Environmental Management: Management and reduction of risks associated with environmental impacts and
ensure compliance with government laws and regulations.
• Safety: Management and reduction of risks associated with health and safety, and compliance with government
laws and regulations.
• Legal: Legal services that address all aspects of the business, including contracts, human resources, and risk
management.
• Finance: Financial services that address the financing needs of construction projects and the overall business.
• Accounting: Accounting services that manage the revenues and costs of construction projects and the overall business.
• Apprenticeship: Apprenticeship programs that prepare workers for construction trades.
• Labor Union Management: Business, operational, and political activities involved in the operation and management
of labor unions, including activities carried out by political directors and legislative relations.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Construction and Development programs offer opportunities for students to pursue interests in developing,
designing, constructing, and maintaining the built environment. Students in the Construction Pathway
learn basic design as well as plumbing, electrical, and carpentry skills as they earn advanced standing
in apprenticeship programs or college credit in postsecondary construction programs. Many schools
provide students the opportunity to construct a house under the guidance of professional mentors.
Students learn first-hand all aspects of the construction process from design to finish.
Career Cluster 4
CONSUMER SERVICES, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• Global trade, travel, technological advances, and growing
consumer income continue to expand the consumer services
sector, including the range of products and services and the
growth of a wide variety of retail businesses and Internet sales.
• Increased competition will continue to force wholesale and
retail businesses to find new ways to provide high levels of
customer service at lower costs. Advances in logistics,
inventory management, and information technology are
leading to major innovations for responding to customer
needs and controlling inventory costs.
SALES & SERVICE
MARKETING &
COMMUNICATIONS
MERCHANDISING/
BUYING
LOGISTICS
Looking at the industry as a whole, two core areas—Sales and
Service and Hospitality and Tourism—organize the pathways
according to major functions in the industry. Within the core
areas, Career Pathways show more specific business activities
that offer a range of related career opportunities. A range of
educational options can prepare someone for a career in this
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
SALES
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
ATTRACTIONS &
RECREATION CONVENTION/
DESTINATION/
EVENT
MANAGEMENT
• Expanded global leisure and business travel and growing
consumer spending on leisure and tourism activities continue
to drive the growth of the hospitality and tourism sector.
States and local communities will increase the promotion of
destination events and tourism to attract outside spending and
economic development. These trends are also promoting
innovations and cultural diversification in the restaurant
industry with an expanded spectrum of cuisines and services
provided to customers.
FOOD &
BEVERAGE
TRAVEL
MANAGEMENT/
COORDINATION
LODGING
HOSPITALITY & TOURISM
industry. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career.
As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they
advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
17
18
Career Cluster 4
CONSUMER SERVICES, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
CORE AREA 1: SALES AND SERVICE
PATHWAY: MERCHANDISING/BUYING
Providing products and services for sale to customers.
• Analyze, plan, purchase, price, and allocate products
and services.
• Conduct purchasing negotiations.
• Manage supplier/vendor relationships.
PATHWAY: MARKETING AND
C OMMUNICATIONS
Determining customer needs and product preferences,
positioning product/service mix in the market, and
communicating to and educating the customer to
retain interest.
• Conduct market research to determine customer needs
and product preferences.
• Develop major messages.
• Provide creative services for advertising and promotion.
PATHWAY: LOGISTICS
Planning and managing the distribution of products
and services to the point of sale, and the post-sale
delivery of products and services to the customer.
• Sort and organize merchandise at warehouses and
distribution centers, and transport.
• Process returned or damaged merchandise.
• Manage inventory.
• Prepare merchandise for sale, including marking.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Assistant Buyer
• Buying Clerk
• Visual Display Designer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Visual Display Designer
• Advertising Coordinator
• Public Relations Assistant
• Community Relations
Coordinator
• Advertising Layout Designer
• Media Buyer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Warehouse Manager/
Supervisor/Team Leader
• Security/Loss Prevention
Specialist
• Inventory/Quality Control
Specialist
• Inventory System Specialist
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
• General Merchandise Manager
• Divisional Merchandise
Manager
• Merchandise Manager
• Category Manager
• Buyer
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
• Marketing Director
• Marketing Manager
• Marketing Analyst
• Creative Services/Advertising
Manager
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Division/District Manager
• Department Manager
• Traffic Manager
• Industrial Engineer
• Transportation Planner/ Analyst
• Logistics Manager
Career Cluster 4
CONSUMER SERVICES, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
PATHWAY: SALES CUSTOMER SERVICE
Managing the sales process and overall consumer
relationship, including assessing customer need and
providing ongoing support before and after sales of
products and services.
CORE AREA 2: HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
PATHWAY: FOOD AND BEVERAGE
Making, selling, and serving food and beverages to
the public for a fee, including services by restaurants,
caterers, institutional food providers, and other
recreational and entertainment venues.
PATHWAY: LODGING
Providing sleeping space to guests for a fee in facilities
such as hotels, bed and breakfasts, hostels, campgrounds,
resorts, and cruise ships.
• Market and sell lodging services.
• Maintain and operate facilities.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Department Manager
• Branch Manager
• Sales Manager/Agent/
Associate
• Account Representative
• Real Estate Agent
• Cosmetologist
• Sales Manager
• Sales Associate
• Salon Manager
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Restaurant Owner
• Sales Manager
• Host/Hostess
• Chef
• Kitchen Manager
• Maitre d´
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Housekeeping Director
• Reservations Manager
• Front Office Manager
• PBX/Reservations Agent
• Front Desk Clerk
• Concierge
• Bell Captain
• Chief Engineer
• Network Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• General/Regional Manager
• Branch Manager
• Territory Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• General Manager
• Food Service Manager
• Executive Chef
• Menu Planner
• Nutritionist
• Registered Dietitian
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Lodging Owner/Franchisee
• General Manager
• Engineering Director
• Sales Director
• Marketing Director
• Rooms Director
• Activities Director
19
20
Career Cluster 4
CONSUMER SERVICES, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
PATHWAY: ATTRACTIONS AND
RECREATION
Providing recreation, amusement, and leisure services
to visitors at recreational, historic, amusement, heritage,
and cultural sites, including museums, parks and zoos,
marinas, campgrounds, and recreational vehicle parks.
• Market and sell recreational services and activities in
resorts and on cruise ships, at specialized retail centers,
and at facilities for skiing, sailing, golf, and other outdoor
recreational sports.
PATHWAY: CONVENTION/DESTINATION/
EVENT MANAGEMENT
Planning, organizing, and implementing special events
for the public, such as festivals, fairs, sporting events,
exhibitions, conventions, and convocations.
PATHWAY: TRAVEL MANAGEMENT/
C OORDINATION
Planning, organizing, and facilitating travel from
one location to another for leisure or business away
from home.
• Market, promote, coordinate, and sell travel services.
• Provide transportation services.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Business Owner
• Theme Park Manager
• Program Manager/Director
• Recreation Instructor
• Interpreter
• Promotion Manager
• Corporate/Community
Development Coordinator
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Group Sales Agent
• Product Development
Specialist
• Destination Manager
• Activities Director
• Tourism Specialist
• Facility Manager
• Security Manager
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Sales/Marketing Manager
• Contract Manager
• Travel Agency Manager
• Tour Broker
• Travel Agent
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• General Manager
• Property Manager
• Theme Park Manager
• Park Ranger
• Park and Recreation Director
• Cruise Ship Director
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Market Researcher
• Events Planner/Manager
• Account Executive
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• General Manager
Career Cluster 4
CONSUMER SERVICES, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Information Technology and Communications Support: Telecommunications, data, and computer support
services to the core business functions of the sales and service industry, including point of sale and security
electronics, communications systems and devices, film and audio-visual services and equipment, computer
software and hardware, and Internet services.
• Financial Management: Business support services in finance and accounting.
• Legal Services: Legal services that address all aspects of the business, including purchasing contracts,
leases, human resources, and risk management.
• Government Relations: Managing government communications, lobbying, and managing relationships with
government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.
• Human Resources/Training: Business activities involved in recruiting and hiring employees, conducting
performance reviews, managing compensation and benefits, handling labor relations, and complying with
government laws and regulations; training and developing of employees, ranging from orientation to
professional and management development.
• Risk Management: Business support services to provide health, safety, and environmental protection and
insurance for employees and customers; loss prevention for merchandise and facilities; compliance with
government laws and regulations; security.
• Maintenance/Facility Support: Maintaining physical facilities, from architecture, design services, facility, and
equipment maintenance services, to building cleaning services, landscape and grounds planning, and maintenance.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
CONSUMER SERVICES, HOSPITALITY, AND TOURISM
Through a partnership with the National Academy Foundation (NAF), Maryland’s Academy of Hospitality
and Tourism offers an in-depth look at all aspects of travel, tourism, and hospitality, including
coursework in geography, economics, and systems applications. Two specialized courses are featured
each semester and a college-level course is offered in the senior year. The program equips students
with the personal, analytical, technical, and communication skills they need to succeed.
21
22
Career Cluster 5
ENVIRONMENTAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND NATURAL RESOURCE SYSTEMS
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• The agricultural sector is a highly competitive global industry
creating new challenges in identifying global and domestic
markets; improving business planning, financing, risk
management, and productivity; and reducing costs. This sector
also will continue to face more stringent requirements for food
quality and environmental and natural resource management.
• Advances in science and technology, in particular biotechnology,
will continue to drive innovation and growth in agricultural
production and food processing through the development of
new markets, products, and processes. In addition, advances in
information technology will continue to improve the planning
and management of agricultural production.
AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION-
PLANT SYSTEMS
AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION-
ANIMAL SYSTEMS
Looking at this industry as a whole, five pathways represent the
major functions in the industry. Career Pathways show more
specific business activities that offer a range of related career
opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
FOOD & FIBER
PROCESSING
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
• Growing public concerns over natural resources, environmental
quality, and public health will continue to expand the role and
scope of the natural resource management and environmental
services sectors. There will be increased public and private
efforts to improve the management of both public and private
natural resources, including water, air, and land quality, and
waste management. Advances in science, biotechnology,
and information technology will drive major innovations in
environmental and natural resources management.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
NATURAL
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
programs. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career.
As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they
advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
Career Cluster 5
ENVIRONMENTAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND NATURAL RESOURCE SYSTEMS
PATHWAY: AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION — PLANT SYSTEMS
Planning, producing, and distributing plant food, fiber,
ornamental, and environmental products, including
landscaping and horticultural services; related
research and technical services, and business
planning and finance.
• Conduct market and location analysis, soil testing, and
product testing/selection.
• Plan, manage, and control materials purchasing, land
preparation, production, product quality control, inventory,
and biosecurity.
• Manage health, safety, and environmental practices.
• Conduct research for new markets, products and
processes (genetic research).
• Develop and test advanced applications of
biotechnology.
• Plan for risk management.
• Manage health, safety, and environmental practices.
PATHWAY: AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION — ANIMAL SYSTEMS
Planning, producing and distributing meat, poultry,
seafood and dairy products; raising livestock,
aquaculture, veterinary services, related research and
technical services; business planning and finance.
• Conduct market and location analysis, soil testing, and
product testing/selection.
• Plan, manage and control materials purchasing,
production, product quality control, inventory, and
biosecurity.
• Conduct research for new markets, products, and
processes (genetic research).
• Develop and test advanced applications of
biotechnology.
• Plan for risk management.
• Manage health, safety, and environmental practices.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Field Production or
Farm Manager
• Compliance
Manager
• Arborist
• Landscaper
• Florist
• Certified Professional
Horticulturalist (CPH)
• Nursery/Garden
Center Manager
• Greenhouse
Assistant
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Animal Production
Manager
• Horse Trainer
• Environmental
Technician
• Veterinary
Technician
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Soil Scientist
• Geographic
Information
Systems Specialist
• Nutrient
Management
Specialist
• IPM/Pest Control
Specialist
• Soil Conservation
Planner
• Landscape Designer
• Landscape Architect
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Geographic
Information
Systems Specialist
• Nutritionist
• Inspector
• Soil Conservation
Planner
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Plant Scientist
• Research Project
Manager
• Geneticist
• Patent Lawyer
• Entomologist
• Plant Pathologist
• Tissue Culture
Specialist
• Plant Breeder
• Extension
Educator/Specialist
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Veterinarian
• Geneticist
• Product Developer
• Production Quality
Assurance Manager
• Research Scientist
• State Health Official
23
24
Career Cluster 5
ENVIRONMENTAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND NATURAL RESOURCE SYSTEMS
PATHWAY: FOOD AND FIBER
PROCESSING
Researching and developing products focused on
nutritional value; processing and packaging plant and
animal products.
• Convert harvested plant and animal materials into
end-use products.
• Plan and manage production, including process
engineering, quality assurance and food safety,
health, worker safety, environmental compliance, and
industrial maintenance.
PATHWAY: NATURAL RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
Managing, conserving, and restoring natural resources,
such as parks, fisheries, forestry, wildlife and habitat,
watersheds and tributaries; and the environmental
monitoring of power plants.
• Plan and manage public and private natural resources
and inventory.
• Conduct scientific testing, monitoring, and research.
• Develop and maintain natural resource areas, including
civil engineering and construction.
• Improve the education and awareness of users about
natural resources.
PATHWAY: ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Planning, testing, monitoring, maintaining, and restoring
water, air, and land quality and waste management for
the protection of public health and environmental quality.
• Provide scientific research, safety, and technical
support services, including geological measurement
and geographic information systems; law enforcement;
and compliance monitoring and permitting.
• Communicate to and educate the public on maintaining
environmental quality and respond to environmental
and public health emergencies.
• Manage all types of water resources.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Buyer
• Inspector
• Logistics and
Inventory Manager
• Meat Grader
• Production
Supervisor
• Laboratory
Technician
• Quality Assurance
Associate
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Natural Resources
Police Officer
• Forestry Technician
• Naturalist
• Fishery Technician
• Hatchery Technician
• Wildlife Technician
• Geographic
Information
Systems Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Hazardous Materials
Specialist
• Lead/Abatement
Technician
• Environmental
Technician
• Emergency Response
Technician
• Geographic
Information
Systems Technician
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• New Product
Scientist
• International
Marketing and
Packaging Manager
• Nutrition Scientist
• Food Scientist
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Policy Analyst
• Forester
• Fisheries Manager
• Soil Conservation
Planner
• Park Manager
• Wildlife Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Planner
• Geologist
• Water Resource
Engineer
• Environmental
Compliance
Specialist
• Health Physicist
• Public Health
Engineer
• Air Quality Manager
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Information
Systems Manager
• Industrial Engineer
• Quality Assurance
Manager
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Biologist
• Physical Scientist
• Fisheries Scientist
• Environmental
Engineer
• Ecological Engineer
• Wildlife Biologist
• Forest Scientist
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Water Quality
Manager
• Toxicologist
• Land Use/
Environmental
Engineer
• Industrial Hygienist
• Environmental
Lawyer
Career Cluster 5
ENVIRONMENTAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND NATURAL RESOURCE SYSTEMS
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Information Technology and Communications Support: Telecommunications, data, and computer support
services, including communications systems and devices, film and audio-visual services and equipment,
computer software and hardware, and Internet services.
• Financial and Business Services: Financial, sales, and distribution services to producers of agricultural
products, including capital and land acquisition, banking, financial management and insurance, sales and
product support, customer inventory, management, and storage.
• Agricultural and Environmental Engineering: Maintaining and supporting technological systems used to produce,
store, and distribute agricultural and natural resource products, including production and production control
equipment, structural facilities, and irrigation equipment.
• Strategic Planning: Long-range business planning to set the overall direction of the business and respond to
projected changes in environmental conditions.
• Legal Services: Legal services that address all aspects of the organization, including purchasing contracts,
leases, human resources, and risk management.
• Government Relations/Legislative Affairs: Managing government communications, lobbying, and managing
relationships with government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.
• Human Resources/Training: Business activities involved in recruiting and hiring employees, conducting
performance reviews, compensation and benefits management, labor relations, and compliance with
government laws and regulations, training and development of employees ranging from orientation to
professional and management development.
• International Marketing and Distribution: International market analysis and management of product exporting.
• Transportation Services: Transporting agricultural and natural resource products by water, rail, land, and air.
• University Research, Teaching, and Outreach: Technical and educational services provided by universities to
support agriculture and natural resource management.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
ENVIRONMENTAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND NATURAL RESOURCE SYSTEMS
Agricultural programs give students the opportunity to incorporate and apply what they have learned
in their academic disciplines while preparing them to enter Maryland’s largest industry. Specific
courses range from traditional production management and agricultural mechanics to biotechnology,
veterinary science, and aquaculture. Programs offer students hands-on learning experience through
use of specialized equipment and participation in supervised projects outside of the classroom.
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26
Career Cluster 6
HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCES
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• The aging of the American population, advances in medical
knowledge and technology, and growing public awareness
of health issues are contributing to a growing demand for
high-quality healthcare services.
• The healthcare industry will continue to shift the focus to
prevention, the promotion of wellness, and the improvement
of the health status of patients and communities over time.
The healthcare industry also will continue to face strong cost
containment and competitive pressures and will seek new
ways to improve patient satisfaction and health. The industry
will continue to move the delivery of healthcare services from
hospitals and residential care facilities to ambulatory or
outpatient care facilities and home-based care.
HEALTH
INFOMATICS
DIAGNOSTIC
SERVICES
ENGINEERING/
ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
Looking at this industry as a whole, two core areas-Health and
Biosciences-organize the pathways according to major functions
in the industry. Within the core areas, Career Pathways show
more specific business activities that offer a range of related
career opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
MANUFACTURING
• Advances in bioscience, information technology, and biomedical
technology will drive continuous innovation in patient care.
Healthcare professionals will need stronger science,
mathematics and information technology skills. Stronger
relations between healthcare and bioscience industries in
developing, testing, and implementing new products and
services will be required.
• Advances in bioscience will continue to drive major innovations
and create new business opportunities across most major
industries, including agriculture, natural resource management,
environmental services, forensics services, manufacturing, and
healthcare.
THERAPEUTIC
SERVICES
BASIC
RESEARCH
APPLIED
RESEARCH
BIOSCIENCES
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
programs. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career.
As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they
advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
Career Cluster 6
HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCES
CORE AREA 1: HEALTH
PATHWAY: THERAPEUTIC SERVICES
Promoting wellness and improving the health statistics
of patients and communities over time.
• Use technology to provide physical, mental health, and
social services to improve health status.
• Collect data, create treatment plans, implement
procedures, and evaluate client status.
PATHWAY: DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES
Collecting images or data on the health status of the
client at a single point of time.
• Plan and conduct diagnostic procedures.
• Evaluate, interpret, and document results.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Registered Nurse
• Licensed Practical
Nurse
• Nurse Assistant
• Respiratory Care
Therapist
• Radiographer
• Medical Lab
Technician
• Medical Assistant
• Pharmacy Technician
• Surgical
Technologist
• Dietetic Technician
• Dental Assistant
• Dental Hygienist
• Dental Lab
Technician
• Massage Therapist
• Physical Therapy
Assistant
• Occupational
Therapy Assistant
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Medical Laboratory
Technician
• Phlebotomist
• Radiographer
• Cardiovascular
Technician
• Registered Nurse
• EKG Technician
• EEG Technician
• Radiation/Oncology
Therapist
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Physician Assistant
• Dietician/Nutritionist
• Occupational
Therapist
• Medical
Technologist
• Nurse Supervisor
• Chiropractor
• Registered Nurse
• Nurse Educator
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Occupational
Therapist
• Medical
Technologist
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Physician
• Nurse Practitioner
• Dentist
• Ophthalmologist
• Psychologist
• Pharmacist
• Physical Therapist
• Genetic Counselor
• Audiologist
• Speech and
Language
Pathologist
• Nurse Director
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Physician
• Psychologist
• Nurse Practitioner
• Physical Therapist
• Speech and
Language Pathologist
27
28
Career Cluster 6
HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCES
PATHWAY: INFOMATICS
Documenting client care.
• Determine information requirements and information
analysis.
• Determine abstracting and coding, information systems,
and documentation.
PATHWAY: ENGINEERING/
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Providing direct or indirect client care and creating a
therapeutic environment for providing that care.
• Implement aseptic procedures, aesthetics, and
resource management.
• Maintain and support biomedical technology and
the physical facility.
CORE AREA 2: BIOSCIENCES
PATHWAY: BASIC RESEARCH
Participating in scientific exploration with direct or
indirect applications to the improvement of the quality
of life.
• Generate large-scale and small-scale data, and analyze.
• Conduct strategic planning and forecasting.
• Prepare documentation, publication, and budget.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Medical Records
Administrator
• Medical Records/
Health Information
Technician
• Administrative
Medical Assistant
• Medical Office
Assistant
• Health Information
Technician
• Billing and coding
professional
• Health Information
Coder
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Documentation
Specialist
• Research Assistant
• Production
Technician
• Materials
Management
Specialist
• Quality Control
Specialist
• Animal Technician
• Biotechnology
Laboratory
Assistant
• Bench Technician
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Biomedical Equipment Technician
• Transport Technician
• Materials Manager
• Health Insurance
Manager
• Utilization Manager
• Corporate
Compliance Officer
• Health Information
Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Regulatory Affairs
Associate
• Laboratory
Technician
• Research Technician
• Technical Writer
• Biochemist
• Chemical Engineer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Medical Librarian
• Safety Manager/ Engineer
• Biomedical Engineer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Regulatory Affairs
Officer
• Quality Control/
Assurance Director
• Bioinfomatics
Analyst/Engineer
• Bioethicist
• Research Scientist
• Medical Review
Officer
Career Cluster 6
HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCES
PATHWAY: APPLIED RESEARCH
Testing and evaluating new products and services
in laboratory and field environments and developing
systems for producing products for large-scale use.
• Conduct legal reviews.
• Determine safety and efficacy of new products.
• Develop testing designs.
• Develop and acquire limited quantities of products and
related materials for conducting tests.
• Conduct tests and field trials and analyze and present
results.
PATHWAY: MANUFACTURING
Producing bioscience products, such as vaccines and
laboratory materials, on a commercial scale.
• Implement, manage, operate, and maintain production
systems.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Research Assistant
• Quality Control
Specialist
• Validation Engineer
• Process Engineer
• Compliance Training
Specialist
• Production
Technician
• Bench Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Manufacturing
Technician
• Validation Engineer
• Technical Training
Specialist
• Production Planner
• Clean Room
Specialist
• Media Technician
• Bench Technician
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Regulatory Affairs
Associate
• Laboratory
Technician
• Research
Technician
• Technical Writer
• Chemist
• Biomedical Engineer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Operations Manager
• Quality Manager/
Technician
• Manufacturing/
Chemical Engineer
• Analytical Chemist
• Microbiologist
• Industrial
Production Manager
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Medical Review
Officer
• Clinical Trials
Manager
• Manufacturing
Director
• Biostatistician
• Medical Director
• Quality Control/
Assurance Director
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Medical Director
• Senior
Methodologist
• Senior Scientist
• Medical Science
Liaison
• Regulatory Affairs
Officer
• Manufacturing
Director
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30
Career Cluster 6
HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCES
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Information Technology and Communications Support: Telecommunications, data, and computer support
services to core business functions of sales and service and of the research and manufacturing industries,
including communications systems and devices, film and audio-visual services and equipment, computer
software and hardware, and Internet services.
• Business Management/Managed Care: Managing healthcare finances associated with insurance and
managed care organizations.
• Financial Management and Accounting: Business support services in finance and accounting.
• Legal Services: Legal services that address all aspects of the business, including purchasing contracts, leases,
human resources, and risk management.
• Public Policy/Government Relations: Managing government communications and lobbying and managing
relationships with government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.
• Human Resources/Training: Business activities involved in recruitment and hiring of employees, performance
reviews, compensation and benefits management, labor relations, and compliance with government laws
and regulations. It also refers to the training and development of employees, ranging from orientation to
professional and management development.
• Risk Management: Business support services providing health, safety, and environmental protection and
insurance for employees and customers; loss prevention for both merchandise and facilities; compliance with
government laws and regulations; and security.
• Maintenance/Facility Support: Maintaining physical facilities, including architecture and design services,
facility and equipment maintenance services, building cleaning services, landscape and grounds planning, and
maintenance.
• Marketing and Sales: Market analysis, advertising and promotion, sales, and customer service.
• Accreditation: Attaining and maintaining organizational accreditation.
• Health and Safety/Environmental Management: Managing and improving health and safety and maintaining
compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, including OSHA, EPA, MOSH, and CDC.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCES
Medical careers programs offer secondary students the opportunity to develop knowledge and skills in
diagnostic and therapeutic services, patient care, and health support services. These programs often
allow students to earn an industry-recognized certification to document their skill level and advance
their career options. Completers of medical careers programs are academically prepared to enter a
postsecondary healthcare program of study.
Career Cluster 7
HUMAN RESOURCE SERVICES
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• The aging and growing diversity of the American population,
advances in scientific knowledge, and increased public
awareness of social problems and issues are contributing
to a demand for more skilled social service workers and
high-quality social services, including early childhood
development; mental health/addiction; individual, family,
and community; and workplace/workforce support. The
emphasis in all these areas will shift to prevention and
community-based services.
• Public concerns over crime, security, and emergency response
and the increased demand for legal intervention in business
and communities will continue to drive the growth of legal and
court services. Advances in information technology and science
will drive major innovations in law enforcement, emergency
services, and legal services, including forensics, digital
imaging, and global positioning systems.
LAW ENFORCEMENT
& EMERGENCY
SERVICES
HUMAN
SERVICES
Looking at this industry as a whole, five pathways represent the
major functions in the industry. Career Pathways show more
specific business activities that offer a range of related career
opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
EDUCATION &
TRAINING
SERVICES
• The evolving global economy will require all workers to have
advanced education and continual upgrading of their skills.
This need will fuel the growth of the education and training
industry in both the public and private sectors, including
K-12/postsecondary education, businesses, and businesses
that provide training and development services to businesses.
• The demand of this new global economy and social and
technological changes in the face of mounting pressures to
control costs will lead to the reinvention of government services
at the federal, state, and local levels. In particular, advances
in information technology will transform how government
agencies carry out their critical roles and functions.
LEGAL
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
& PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
programs. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career.
As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they
advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
31
32
Career Cluster 7
HUMAN RESOURCE SERVICES
PATHWAY: LAW ENFORCEMENT
AND EMERGENCY SERVICES
Protecting public safety through law enforcement,
security and protective services, and fire and emergency
services.
• Provide emergency rescue/medical and hazardous
materials services.
• Provide correctional services.
• Enforce compliance with government laws and regulations.
PATHWAY: LEGAL SERVICES
Providing legal services to individuals in communities
and restricted environments.
• Implement the following services: civil, criminal,
juvenile, and administrative judicial/court services;
dispute resolution; and legal assistance services.
PATHWAY: HUMAN SERVICES
Providing psychological, social, and community
services support to individuals and families.
• Implement the following services; early childhood
development; mental health/addiction; individual,
family, and community; financial support; and workplace/workforce
support.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Fire Marshal
• Police Officer
• Emergency Medical
Technician
• Paramedic
• Corrections Officer
• Crime Technician
• Dispatcher/
Communications
Officer
• Fire Inspector
• Fire Investigator
• Security Officer-
Public/Private
• Emergency
Manager
• Accident
Investigator
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Mediator
• Court Clerk
• Court Reporter/
Transcriber
• Investigator (Private
and Government)
• Legal Assistant
• Paralegal
• Legal Secretary
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Childcare Worker
• Housing Specialist
• Child Support
Worker
• Human Services
Associate
• Mental Health
Technician
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Parole Officer
• Case Manager
• Counselor
• Forensic Scientist
• Fire Protection
Engineer
• Police Agent
• Air Marshall
• Customs Officer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Assistant Court
Commissioner
• Law Clerk
• Arbitrator
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Program
Coordinator
• Job Coach
• Case Manager
• Employment
Counselor
• Childcare Licensing
Specialist
• Employee Assistance
Counselor
• Recreational
Therapist
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Federal Special
Agent
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Lawyer
• Judge
• Administrative Law
Judge
• Court Commissioner
• Hearing Examiner
• Court Master
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Human Resource
Administrator
• Psychologist
• Speech Therapist
• Speech Pathologist
• Family Support
Counselor
• Social Worker
• Psychiatrist
Career Cluster 7
HUMAN RESOURCE SERVICES
PATHWAY: GOVERNMENT AND
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Providing legislative, administrative, and judicial
services to carry out general-purpose government
functions at the federal, state, and local levels and to
provide for national security.
• Implement national security policy.
• Manage international relations.
• Manage research and information.
• Administer revenue and taxation plans.
• Administer grant programs.
• Conduct regulatory compliance and investigative
services.
PATHWAY: EDUCATION AND
TRAINING SERVICES
Providing education and training services, performance
support, and organizational development services to
improve organizational effectiveness.
• Provide K-16 instructional services and support services
within public and private schools and colleges.
• Conduct training and performance support services for
organizations and employees.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Policy Researcher
• Public Affairs
Assistant
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Teacher Assistant
• Laboratory
Technician
• Teacher
Paraprofessional
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Program
Administrator
• Financial
Administrator
• Auditor
• Public Affairs/
Information
Specialist
• Budget Analyst
• Policy Analyst
• Government Official
• Community
Organizer/
Development
• Counterterrorism
Specialist
• Accountant
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Pre-K-12 Teacher
• Librarian/
Information
Specialist
• Career Counselor
• Placement
Specialist
• Admission
Counselor
• Financial Aid
Advisor
• Trainer
• Organizational
Developer
• Performance
Consultant
• Academic Advisor
• Postsecondary
Instructor
• Curriculum
Developer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Lawyer
• Certified Public
Accountant
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• College Professor
• School or
Postsecondary
Administrator
• Non-Public Pre-K-12
Teacher/Montessori
• Guidance Counselor
• Testing and
Assessment
Specialist
• Reading Specialist
• School Psychologist
• ESL Specialist
• Extension Educator
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34
Career Cluster 7
HUMAN RESOURCE SERVICES
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Information Technology and Communications Support: Telecommunications, data and computer support
services, including communications systems and devices, film and audio-visual services and equipment, computer
software and hardware, and Internet services.
• Financial Management and Accounting: Business support services in finance and accounting, including
budgeting and fiscal operations.
• Legal Services: Legal services that address all aspects of the organization, including purchasing contracts,
leases, human resources, and risk management.
• Government Relations/Legislative Affairs: Managing government communications, lobbying, and managing
relationships with government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.
• Human Resources/Training: Business activities involved in recruiting and hiring employees, performance
reviews, compensation and benefits management, labor relations, and compliance with government laws and
regulations, and the training and development of employees, ranging from orientation to professional and
management development.
• Risk Management and Security: Services that provide health, safety and environmental protection, insurance
for employees and customers, loss prevention, compliance with government laws and regulations, and security.
• Maintenance/Facility Support: Services involving the maintenance of physical facilities, including architecture
and design services, facility and equipment maintenance services, building cleaning services, and landscape
and grounds planning and maintenance.
• Marketing: Market analysis, advertising, and promotion and communications services.
• Health and Safety/Environmental Management: Managing and improving health and safety, and maintaining
compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, including OSHA and EPA.
• Customer Relations: Managing customer relations and insuring that customers receive the services they are
promised and are satisfied with the services they receive.
• Fundraising: Seeking and securing financial resources for the organization, including government and
foundation grants and corporate, community, and individual contributions.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
HUMAN RESOURCE SERVICES
The Maryland Academy for Teacher Education aligns with the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and
Support Consortium (INTASC) and the Maryland Essential Dimensions of Teaching (EdoTs). The program
prepares students for further education and careers in the education profession. The high school program
is designed to articulate to a Maryland postsecondary teacher education program. Upon completion of the
program and passing the ParaPro test, high school graduates are ready for employment in the teaching
profession. This program is based on the outcomes of the Maryland Associate of Arts in Teaching (A.A.T.)
degree, which aligns with the National Council for the Accreditation for Teacher Education (NCATE)
standards. Postsecondary students completing the A.A.T. can become a paraprofessional or transfer to a
bachelor’s degree program to prepare to enter the teaching profession.
Career Cluster 8
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• Advances in information technology will continue to drive major
innovations across all major industries throughout the world.
These advances will also change the face of government and
the non-profit sector. Businesses will continue to expand the
use of information technology in all aspects of the business
enterprise and will seek more comprehensive e-commerce
and information management solutions to remain competitive.
• Information technology businesses and professionals will face
increasing pressure to design, develop, implement, and support
more complex and reliable information technology solutions
SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING/
DEVELOPMENT
SOFTWARE
OPERATIONS
Looking at this industry as a whole, five pathways represent the
major functions in the industry. Career Pathways show more
specific business activities that offer a range of related career
opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
programs. Professional certification is also an important
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
HARDWARE
ENGINEERING/
DEVELOPMENT
that will meet the needs of external and internal customers.
This will require that information technology professionals have
the skills to determine customer and business needs and
requirements, manage complex projects, integrate software
and hardware solutions, and deliver total solutions on time that
meet customer needs.
• The rapid pace of technological change and increased
global competition will require that information technology
professionals develop and continually update high-level
technical, project management, and customer relations skills.
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
HARDWARE
OPERATIONS
consideration when pursuing career opportunities. Appropriate
work experience may also be important to increase career
opportunities. The center circle represents the common
knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career. As students
focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they advance their
readiness for careers in that pathway.
35
36
Career Cluster 8
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PATHWAY: SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING/DEVELOPMENT
Designing, developing, and testing software solutions
to meet customer needs. Expertise required in project
management, programming languages, database
design, security systems, and website development.
PATHWAY: SOFTWARE OPERATIONS
Installing, deploying, maintaining, and supporting
software systems, including databases, software
programs and packages, Web products, and security
systems. Expertise required in project management.
• Monitor and manage software performance.
• Provide training and assistance to software users.
PATHWAY: HARDWARE
ENGINEERING/DEVELOPMENT
Designing, developing, and testing new hardware
technologies and products to meet customer needs.
Expertise required in project management.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Web Designer/
Developer
• Database Analyst
• Database Tester
• Data Analyst
• Documentation
Specialist
• Software
Applications
• Specialist
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Software
Applications Trainer
• Web
Designer/Developer
• Applications
Support Specialist
• Applications
Support Analyst
• Database Support
Analyst
• PC Support
Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• PC Support
Technician
• Network Technician
• Network
Administrator
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Software Architect
• Database Developer
• Information
Systems Architect
• Lead Programmer
• Applications
Developer
• Applications Analyst
• Project Manager
• Web Architect
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Database
Administrator
• Project Manager
• Operations Systems
Analyst
• Database
Administrator
• Technical Writer /
Editor
• Product Support
Engineer
• Systems Technical
Support Specialist
• Technical Support
Engineer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Operations Manager
• Computer Designer
• Project Manager
• Circuit Designer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Business Analyst
• Software Architect
• Network Analyst
• Systems Engineer
• Operating Systems
Designer/Engineer
• Information
Systems Architect
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Project Manager
• Operations Manager
• Operations Systems
Analyst
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Network Engineer
• Mechanical
Engineer
• Computer Engineer
Career Cluster 8
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PATHWAY: HARDWARE OPERATIONS
Installing, configuring, maintaining, and supporting
computer and network hardware to ensure secure and
reliable system performance. Expertise required in
project management.
PATHWAY: INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Designing, implementing, and supporting computer
network systems—both hardware and software—
to ensure that systems meet business and user
requirements. Expertise required in configuration
management and project management.
• Plan and manage system development projects.
• Maintain system documentation.
• Control system access and maintain system security.
• Troubleshoot system performance problems.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Computer
Technician
• Network Technician
• Cabling Technician
• PC Support
Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Information System
Administrator
• Network Analyst
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Network
Administrator
• Project Manager
• Technical Writer/
Editor
• Product Support
Engineer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Network Engineer
• Network
Administrator
• Systems Tester
• Security Analyst
• Quality Assurance
Manager
• Project Manager
• Systems Technical
Support Specialist
• Technical Support
Engineer
• Application
Integrator
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Operations Manager
• Network Engineer
• Mechanical
Engineer
• Computer Engineer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Systems Architect
• Systems Analyst
• Systems Engineer
• Operations System
Engineer
• Security Analyst
• Operations System
Program Manager
• Chief Security
Officer
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Career Cluster 8
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Business and Administrative Services: Core business and administrative services found in all businesses,
including finance and accounting services, human resource services, and administrative support services.
• Customer Sales/Service and Relationship Management: All activities involved in identifying customers, building
and completing customer sales, responding to customer requests, and maintaining customer relationships.
• User Services: All major applications support services provided to end users in major customer markets.
• User Applications Services: All activities related to providing technical support regarding user applications.
• User Applications Documentation – Technical Writing: Developing information on the use, operation, and
capabilities of specific user applications.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Through a partnership with the National Academy Foundation (NAF), Maryland’s Academy of
Information Technology features two specialized courses each semester and a college-level course in the
senior year. The program offers courses such as Introduction to IT, Information Systems, Logic for
Programming, Digital Networks, System Support and Maintenance, Advanced Web Tools, Digital Media,
Programming, and Databases. This program introduces students to the broad career opportunities in
today’s digital workforce and, in the process, equips them with the personal, analytical, technical, and
communications skills they need to succeed.
Career Cluster 9
MANUFACTURING, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• The Maryland Manufacturing, Engineering, and Technology
industry sector is an international enterprise with products
that are designed, manufactured, and sold within a highly
competitive global marketplace.
• American manufacturers are adopting leading global practices,
such as lean manufacturing, to find new ways to produce
high-quality products, better, faster, and more cost-effectively
with as little waste as possible.
• American manufacturers face new health, safety, and
environmental requirements and are searching for innovative
PRODUCTION
LOGISTICS &
INVENTORY
CONTROL
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
PRODUCTION
P R O D U C T I O N S U P P O RT
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
HEALTH, SAFETY,
& ENVIRONMENT
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
Looking at the industry as a whole, three core areas—Production,
Product Development and Sales, and Production Support—
organize the pathways according to major functions in the
industry. Within the core areas, Career Pathways show more
specific business activities that offer a range of related career
opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
ways to improve safety and lessen the environmental impacts
of both products and processes. Advances in science and
technology, such as materials science, engineering, and
information technology, will continue to drive product and
process innovation.
• With the increasing availability of information technology, the
industry will use logistics and resource planning systems on a
greater industry-wide basis. As supply chains become even more
global, this will improve the way suppliers, manufacturers, and
customers interact with each other.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND SALES
PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT AND SALES
SALES &
SERVICE
PRODUCT
ENGINEERING
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
RELIABILITY &
MAINTENANCE
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
programs. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills needed to understand the entire
industry. As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway,
they advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
39
40
Career Cluster 9
MANUFACTURING, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
CORE AREA 1: PRODUCTION
PATHWAY: PRODUCTION
Producing products and continuously improving
production processes to meet customer and business
requirements.
• Manage production operations.
• Operate and control production equipment.
• Provide technical support to production.
CORE AREA 2: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND SALES
PATHWAY: PRODUCT ENGINEERING
Designing, developing, or modifying products to meet
market and customer requirements.
• Design and develop products through concurrent
engineering processes that integrate product and
process development.
• Improve the manufacturability and sustainability of
products.
PATHWAY: MANUFACTURING SALES
AND SERVICE
Marketing, selling, customer service, and overall
customer relationship management.
• Identify and analyze customer value, markets, and
products.
• Identify potential customers.
• Establish and maintain relationships with potential and
existing customers.
• Promote and sell products and services to customers.
• Provide customer service, including providing product
information, tracking and reporting the progress of
customer orders, answering questions, resolving
problems, and providing technical support in the use
and disposal of products.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Manufacturing Technician
• Production Assembler
• CAD/CAM Technician
• Production Supervisor
• Production Team Leader
• Production Operator
• Materials Management
Specialist
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Engineering Technician
• CAD Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Sales Agent
• Customer Service
Representative
• Contract Specialist
• Sales Coordinator
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Manufacturing Engineer
• Product Engineer
• Controls Engineer
• Systems Engineer
• Project Manager
• Program Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Manufacturing Engineer
• Six Sigma Manager
• Test Engineer
• Materials Engineer
• Systems Engineer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Marketing Manager
• Sales Manager
• Customer Service Manager
• Sales and Application Manager
Career Cluster 9
MANUFACTURING, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
CORE AREA 3: PRODUCTION SUPPORT
PATHWAY: LOGISTICS AND
INVENTORY CONTROL
Manage the supply chain from suppliers through
production to end-use customers using enterprisewide
resource planning systems.
• Plan and control production.
• Manage purchasing and just-in-time materials flow,
shipping and receiving, packaging, and transportation.
• Control inventory of material and products.
• Manage product support, including parts and warranty
issues.
PATHWAY: MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Designing, implementing, and continually improving
manufacturing processes.
• Develop manufacturing process plans and documentation.
• Audit manufacturing processes and systems.
• Provide technical support to production to prevent errors,
and reduce process variability and waste.
• Manage continuous process improvement.
PATHWAY: QUALITY ASSURANCE
Ensuring that products meet customer requirements
and supporting continuous improvement.
• Determine customer requirements.
• Develop and implement quality systems, including
monitoring processes and testing product quality.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Expediter
• Inventory Specialist
• Material Handler
• Contract Specialist
• Information Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• CAD/CAM Technician
• Engineering Technician
• Documentation Specialist
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Quality Technician
• Inspector
• Non-Destructive Tester
• Documentation Control
Technician
• Product/Process Validation
Specialist
• Metrology/Calibration Specialist
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Logistics Analyst
• Logistics Engineer
• Production Planner and
Scheduler
• Inventory Manager
• Purchasing Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Process Engineer
• Tooling Engineer
• Manufacturing Engineer
• Product Change Coordinator
• Six Sigma Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Reliability Engineer
• Quality Engineer
• Mechanical Engineer
• Six Sigma Manager
41
42
Career Cluster 9
MANUFACTURING, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
PATHWAY: RELIABILITY
AND MAINTENANCE
Maintaining the reliability and performance of
manufacturing systems to ensure the maximum
utilization of capital assets.
• Select production equipment.
• Plan space and layout.
• Operate total productive maintenance systems.
PATHWAY: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Designing, implementing, and supporting computer
network systems (hardware and software) to ensure
that systems—enterprise-wide resource management
systems and e-commerce support systems—meet
business and user requirements.
• Plan and manage system development projects.
• Install and configure network hardware and software.
• Maintain system documentation.
• Control system access and maintain system security.
• Troubleshoot system performance problems.
• Provide user training and support.
PATHWAY: HEALTH, SAFETY,
AND ENVIRONMENTAL
Designing, planning, implementing, and supporting
health and safety and environmental management
systems to maintain organizational compliance with
government laws and regulations.
• Improve health, safety, and environmental performance
such as moving toward zero discharge, designing for
green, and recycling.
• Achieve organizational wellness through ergonomic and
health promotion efforts.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• CAD/CAM Technician
• Maintenance Mechanic
• Electrician
• Maintenance Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• User Support Specialist
• PC/System Technician
• Network Technician
• Software Support Specialist
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Laboratory Technician
• Health and Safety Technologist
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Facility Engineer
• Mechanical Engineer
• Electrical Engineer
• Six Sigma Manager
• Systems Engineer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Software Engineer
• Programmer
• Network Administrator
• System Engineer
• Knowledge Engineer
• Product Data Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Safety Engineer
• Ergonomic Engineer
• Environmental Engineer
• Industrial Engineer
• Scientist
• Remediation Specialist
Career Cluster 9
MANUFACTURING, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Human Resources: Business activities involved in recruiting and hiring employees, performance
reviews, compensation and benefits management, labor relations, and compliance with government laws
and regulations.
• Training: All types of learning services, including company and vendor training.
• Legal Services: Legal services that address all aspects of the business, including contracts, human resources,
and risk management.
• Financial Management and Accounting: Financial and accounting services that manage financial resources
and manage and report the revenues and costs of manufacturing businesses.
• Security: Business activities involved in property loss prevention and ensuring the personal security
of employees.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
MANUFACTURING, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
Maryland’s Project Lead The Way (PLTW) program is a sequence of courses which, when combined with
traditional mathematics and science courses in high school, introduces students to the scope, rigor, and
discipline of engineering and engineering technology prior to entering college. There are eight courses in
the PLTW program which are divided into three groups: Foundation (Principles of Engineering, Introduction
to Engineering Design and Digital Electronics); Pathway (Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Civil
Engineering and Architecture, Aerospace Engineering and Biotechnical Engineering); and Capstone
(Engineering Design and Development). Students in the Project Lead The Way pre-engineering program
take all of the foundation courses, one pathway course, and the capstone course. Opportunities to earn
articulated credit are offered to students who successfully complete the requirements for entrance into the
two- or four-year college program.
43
44
Career Cluster 10
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES
INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
• The expansion of global trade and travel, and advances in
logistics and distribution management in manufacturing and
wholesale and retail trade are driving the growth of the
transportation sector.
• The transportation sector is becoming increasingly integrated
and intermodal across all types of transportation, including
air, water, roadway, rail, and metropolitan transit systems.
Many businesses are now providing comprehensive services,
including logistics planning and management, inventory
management, and transportation.
DISTRIBUTION
CENTER
OPERATIONS
SALES &
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
Looking at this industry as a whole, seven pathways represent
the major functions in the industry. Career Pathways show more
specific business activities that offer a range of related career
opportunities. Students can prepare for a variety of career
options through two and four-year colleges (including graduate
programs), private career schools, and employee sponsored
THWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS –
LOGISTICS
PLANNING &
MANAGEMENT
CLUSTER
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PATHWAY KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS – PA
• Advances in science and engineering are producing major
innovations in transportation technology, resulting in faster
movement of people and goods at lower costs and with fewer
environmental and safety risks. These innovations require
higher skills to manage and maintain transportation equipment.
• Advances in transportation technology and information
technology, the growth in global transportation, and increased
security and safety concerns are creating the need for an
expanded and more advanced public transportation
infrastructure, including intelligent transportation systems,
and advances in the management of this infrastructure at the
local, state, and federal levels.
TRANSPORTATION
SERVICES
TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING,
MANAGEMENT &
CONSTRUCTION
TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT
SAFETY,
ENVIRONMENTAL
& SECURITY
MANAGEMENT
programs. Appropriate work experience may also be important to
increase career opportunities. The center circle represents the
common knowledge and skills required of anyone in this career.
As students focus on a more specific Career Pathway, they
advance their readiness for careers in that pathway.
Career Cluster 10
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES
PATHWAY: TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS
Moving people, freight (goods and materials), and
information through one or multiple (intermodal)
modes of transportation, including air, water, roadway,
rail, and public transit systems.
• Dispatch, control, operate, and support mobile
equipment, including trains, ships, airplanes, trucks,
buses, and cars.
• Manage people, information, and inventory.
• Provide customer service.
• Communicate with and educate customers on improving
the use of transportation services.
• Maintain and improve safety compliance and performance.
PATHWAY: LOGISTICS PLANNING
AND MANAGEMENT
Planning and analyzing the movement of people,
freight (goods and materials), and information.
Managing organizational assets to improve the quality
of services and lower costs.
• Select transportation modes and carriers.
• Locate transportation hubs and distribution centers.
• Develop transportation routes and schedules.
• Determine packaging and material handling requirements.
• Determine documentation and information requirements
for domestic and international transporting.
• Analyze problems to improve performance.
PATHWAY: DISTRIBUTION CENTER
OPERATIONS
Managing and operating warehouses and distribution
centers.
• Process, sort, assemble, package, and handle incoming
and outgoing materials and products.
• Manage people and provide customer service.
• Maintain and improve safety compliance and performance.
• Control inventories maintained within distribution centers.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Truck Driver
• Pilot
• Fueler
• Air Traffic Controller
• Dispatcher
• Scheduler
• Bus Driver
• Ship Captain
• Harbor Master
• Flight Attendant
• Conductor
• Train Engineer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• CAD Technician
• Route Planner
• Traffic Technician
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Forklift Operator
• Warehouse Supervisor
• Parts Manager
• Hazardous Materials Specialist
• Database Specialist
• Inventory Specialist
• Stationary Engineer
• Shipping Specialist
• Receiving Specialist
• Physical Distribution Manager
• Military Flight
Operations Manager
• Airport Manager
• Quality Manager
• Flight Service
Manager
• Business Process
Engineer
• Process
Improvement
Manager
• Operations Manager
• Terminal Manager
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Operations
Research Systems
Analyst
• Logistics Analyst
• Traffic Engineer
• Industrial Engineer
• Demographer
• Transportation Planner
• CAD Engineer
• Logistics Engineer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Industrial Engineer
• Distribution Center Manager
• Inventory Manager
• Quality Control Manager
• Import/Export Manager
• Logistics Engineer
• Industrial Engineering
Technician
45
46
Career Cluster 10
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES
PATHWAY: SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL,
AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT
Complying with government laws and regulations in
safety, health, and environmental management.
Maintaining security in transportation facilities and
operations.
• Prevent and reduce losses due to theft and product damage.
• Investigate safety, environmental, and security
problems, and improve performance.
PATHWAY: TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING,MANAGEMENT,
AND CONSTRUCTION
Planning, designing, constructing, and maintaining
public and private transportation facilities and
infrastructure, including:
• Highways
• Ports
• Airports
• Train terminals
• Railways
PATHWAY: SALES AND CUSTOMER SERVICE
Performing sales and customer service functions.
• Promoting and selling logistics and transportation
services and equipment.
• Providing ongoing customer service to businesses
and consumers.
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Safety or
Environmental
Inspector
• Accident Investigator
• Material and
Equipment Inspector
• Emergency Manager
• Emissions Inspector
• Security Investigator
• Security Officer
• Flight Attendant
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Construction
Supervisor
• Engineering
Technician
• Drafter/CAD
Technician
• Surveyor
• Security Engineer
• Facility Engineer
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Environmental
Analyst
• Public Administrator
• Traffic Safety Officer
• Civil Engineer
• Occupational Safety
Officer
• Air Marshal
• Customs Officer
• Process
Improvement
Manager
• Coast Guard Officer
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Reservation Agent
• Customer Service
Representative
• Salesperson
• Service Writer
• Leasing Specialist
• Title/Registration Administrator
• Transportation
Planner
• Traffic Engineer
• Civil Engineer
• Highway Engineer
• Real Property
Officer
• Environmental
Specialist
• Systems Engineer
• Structural Engineer
• Government Agency
Administrator
• Architect
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Environmental
Lawyer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Lawyer
• General Manager
• Market Analyst
• Marketing Manager
• Sales Manager
• Parts Manager
• Contract Officer
• Procurement Officer
• Finance Specialist
Career Cluster 10
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES
PATHWAY: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Planning, designing, manufacturing, and maintaining
transportation equipment, including:
• Automobiles
• Trucks
• Buses
• Airplanes
• Ships
• Trains
WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S
DEGREE OR LESS
• Parts Manager
• Automotive
Technician
• Collision Repair
Technician
• Fleet Maintenance
Manager
• Airframe Mechanic
• Power Plant
Mechanic
• Diesel Mechanic
• Railcar Technician
• Materials Specialist
• Welder
SAMPLE CAREER OPTIONS
WITH A BACHELOR’S
DEGREE
• Mechanical
Engineer
• Aerospace Engineer
• Design Engineer
• Structural Engineer
• Electrical Engineer
• Computer Engineer
• Mechanical
Engineer
• Manufacturing
Engineer
• Civil Engineer
• Manufacturing
Operations Manager
• Process Engineer
• Integration Engineer
WITH MORE THAN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• Systems Engineer
• Quality Engineer
47
48
Career Cluster 10
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES
CROSS-CLUSTER SKILL AREAS
In addition to focusing on a Pathway, students gain transferable skills across Career Clusters. These cross-cluster
skills broaden a student’s understanding of how different careers connect and intersect.
• Information Technology and Communications Support: Telecommunications, data, and computer support
services, including communications systems and devices and equipment, computer software and hardware,
and Internet services.
• Financial Management and Accounting: Business support services in finance and accounting.
• Purchasing and Procurement: Purchasing materials and equipment for organizations involved in performing
and distributing.
• Legal Services: Legal services that address all aspects of the business, including purchasing contracts, leases,
human resources, and risk management.
• Public Policy/Government Relations: Managing government communications, lobbying, and managing
relationships with government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.
• Human Resources/Training and Labor Relations: Business activities involved in recruiting and hiring
employees, conducting performance reviews, handling compensation and benefits management, labor relations,
and complying with government laws and regulations. It also refers to the training and development of
employees, ranging from orientation to professional and management development.
• Marketing and Sales: Market analysis, advertising and promotion, sales, and customer service.
• Construction Equipment and Material Supply: Providing necessary construction equipment and materials to
construct transportation facilities and infrastructure.
PROGRAM
HIGHLIGHT
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES
The National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF), an affiliate of the National Institute
for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE), has established the rigorous technical standards by which
training facilities, programs and individual technicians become certified. Programs of study offer high
school students up to 18 articulated college credits. Students can go directly to work in the industry or
continue their education to earn an Associate of Applied Science Degree (AAS) along with advanced
automotive manufacturer and industry certifications, i.e. Ford ASSET and Toyota T-Ten. Postsecondary
students interested in further continuing their education and career options can receive full credit for their
AAS degree towards a Bachelor of Science Degree in Automotive Technology Management.
MARYLAND STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
Mr. Dunbar Brooks, President
Ms. Beverly A. Cooper, Vice President
Dr. Lelia T. Allen Ms. Rosa M. Garcia
Mr. J. Henry Butta Mr. Richard L. Goodall
Dr. Charlene M. Dukes Dr. Karabelle Pizzigati
Mr. Blair G. Ewing Mr. David F. Tufaro
Dr. Mary Kay Finan Mr. Renford Freemantle, Student Member
Nancy S. Grasmick
Secretary-Treasurer of the Board
State Superintendent of Schools
Deputy State Superintendents
Ronald Peiffer JoAnne L. Carter A. Skipp Sanders
Office for Academic Policy Office for Instruction and Academic Acceleration Office for Administration
Katharine M. Oliver
Assistant State Superintendent
Division of Career Technology and Adult Learning
Career and Technology Education Staff
Program Managers
Lynne M. Gilli Jeanne-Marie S. Holly Pat Mikos
CTE Instructional Branch CTE Systems Branch CTE Student and Assessment
Services Branch
Marquita Friday, Lead Kathy McNerney, Lead Mike Beck
Lori Fritzsche Rosemary Bitzel George Comegys
Douglas Handy Nancy Hauswald Louis Kaminski
Mary McGowan Marianne Hollerbach JoAnn Norris
Susan Oskin Clifton Martin Charles Wallace
Nina Roa
This document was developed using funds authorized under the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998,
20 U.S.C. 2301 Et SEQ., as amended by Public Law 105-332
The Maryland State Department of Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, sex, age, national origin, religion or disability in
matters affecting employment or inn providing access to programs. For inquiries related to departmental policy, please contact: Equity Assurance
and Compliance Branch, Maryland State Department of Education, 200 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-2595.
Voice: 410-767-0433, Fax: 410-767-0431, TTY/TDD: 410-333-6442
Copyright © 2003/2008 MSDE All Rights Reserved
MARYLAND CAREER CLUSTERS
200 West Baltimore Street
Baltimore, MD 21201-2595
Phone: 410-767-0170
marylandpublicschools.org
RESTRUCTURING LEARNING FOR STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
IN A TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED, GLOBAL SOCIETY
Martin O’Malley
Governor
An initiative of the Maryland State Department of Education, the Governor’s Workforce Investment Board, the Maryland State
Department of Business and Economic Development, and the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation.