('?
87?
j» y.me AIT c&t&ttu- i OHR* J*AL
Birlt^ (tommy, July £3, l»3t.
#P^ •*©?#*T **«. r* #*• #*!*«**• §.ptt® ft *• c«sM,vr;&
• w w » tlre w fr*wt*af«fw«f *|0nrtfqp^e»e«*^R^:Rwt»w*t4mm
fittest C ft t© it© officer® proceed!;« to tfee fie Ileitis
t»® «*»it«fe{£jtai«otitamm^tiittlf «it&*€
'OUR& reporting for it® use.
reea
fHE SCtttfiAtU
KAtfiilKorasi*
I is®?** tit® feasor to bring to tfce ®tt®ntloR of tfee
&tpPd?tlS®fit e«rt®itt ©Onai l®r® tiOR® b®&rl®g mpSB tB«
Ae?sire&iIIty' ef gleing to A&fesaaaaare, &Lrtist®r®, &&i
to eerta!® Aiplorsfttl* officer© wfeo ® J • likely to e®
In charge of our foreign &i>*®iOfiBf e® well a® to
principal officer® IR charge- of oiw cerseular •stabllaftft
seat® IR eapitt*!®* fc&ctruotioR® on the iwport«RC« of
tfe® itep&Ttwmt feeing inforaca regularly ant «ortlRUoa»*
ly ami «ltfe sufficient clarity, eoneia«>no®s and
ooftprehesaiYegeeftf of tlse ts&jor aspect® of tbe financial^
eeoeoaic aud social back^rou®®: la the eouRtry to «Meb
tfe©3-§ officer® ssay b# ®®ore41tedt »itb pertleular
refer®®*®) to the ii*port«*ii®® of having ttei® feee^prougS
acrfe 4®**® »jf orrieer® gpf t&® ***f®rii»®»t if ©¥«^s i®
tbe ©k$»it«'*i #R3 In vhc aotiKtry* iall« St is g^rjMralij
r*®«
•£•
ra«ojpl£ad tb&t tfta politics 1 relations bataaafs
state©, with atolcfe tba diploisati© ssission of oar
0©*feFi®sttt ttag to concern itaalf, lu&Ve »isaost
c»tiraly an aaonQm;c# financial or #o©iai ba9J(gr *md,
and tWX purely political relations ir. tba old a©s ®a
of the word »o longer exiat, «xp«?rifcnoa baa s!»wis
that tba afficor© of tba ^apartment In tfaa field
do not ©li understand tba ncaaa®ity of tbair in
forming tba Dapartaant ragalarif and aitb sufficlact
clarity and eo»-irabensii?«n«ss of tbo«a fa© tor a ©on-
©arcing wbieb it smat fe«- fullj inftsnatd lit ©rdar to
ba*a tba naeacsary background t© understand tfee
political raeotiom® in m carta in ©otuitry or to
datormina our omx policy.
IMXt tte mrmmr officer© of tha foreign Sorri©©
of tha Qapart&aiity atlacfead to mission©, wmf fee ex
pected to b« »ora fully aware of tba neea&aity tfa&t
tbis flow of baojcground Information ba aaintsined
and that.it ba collaetad and praparad b| or fieara
of tba Bepart^amt of State, it ia natural tteat
par » on© ©©stlag into our foreign rapia aantatlon frm
private lif©# in ©ainactive of their merit# interest,
capacity &vA ?#al fitness f©# their work, arc not
familiar with department©.! proeedure *s»d. »ay not
real!** tfca •*©«salty tbat the economic background
of the- Peptrtsa&nt b© ©applied by officara of it©
mm foreign service.
f&sr© bafe grown mp at various a* lesions tmin»
talnad by ©nr Govern snae, mm a taaolt of v«rious
elTvwmtmmm
$irsamstaBOss, a prctetloe of losklsg to the £na«*
autre 1*1 attsehe'e and to ft lesser extent to officers
of other *>ep»rt&esta for tills eeonoiaiG heskgrownd
mv&* In aoae iReleases has this preetlee fe#ooBiii eo
pronouaoed th&t off leers of the imparts* at of state
attaches to the miniion ear to ttee oorsuler eatehli«h»
sent in the capital or ©osi.tri^ haft pst # little
attastists «ma In mm& ©aaes preetieell;? neglected
the eecmo-mte «s»d financial heCHgroond atudlee so
neceasar* cot only for the sa^ert«ent and the session,
hat to their mn understanding of their dutleat and
haf* depended t*po# the Coarsralal Attaehss for ©uah
stools* and inform lion. It is »o&s*het difficult to
eoneelirg' how oft leer a of the ispertfsant of State should
bete fallen into this pr&ctieet hat Uhs t It exists at
&. son* Id or ah he nisaher of potts Is last a scatter of
doubt •
there hea h*i» a farther distinct teadensy cm
the pert of certain chiefs of Klasiona and certain
Foreign Service affieera to eor;aldex- that the
Consteox-sial Attach # is the proper pare as to do
this work for our (kwrero&ent end -far o»r liepert-
»ent# This tendency la prone hi y the re cult of the
CssBssrclal attach! helr^ attached to the aissloa,
altfe diploma tie status. fh» consular tf fleers af our
Oovem^ent in sertels sapltaie, ©as of whose prii&ary
duties under the las «nd the regulations la to
proper* ouch eeonaiftic reports for the liepart&emt
and for iateveata at hosse§ fc**YO in isany iaatar. sea
haen
•4-
been practical ly ignored toy tbe si as ion end their
advice and ifilet-oration in ©eonoigie background
work kg mot osly mot heas repeated, bat is aoae
instances h»a bc^n eeneldered unealeon* when •ffered.
This Attitude fortunately is not general, tut &©e®
exist aad is b*ec&i8£ ®s general ss to present
features wsieb i-sstae it necessary for the Jjepsrtssmt
to issue clarifylag irtetruetlonc* fhe attitude
probably baa its basis lu the still existing feeling
atson#t cert®in foreign Sorties® officers that the
Coenseroiei Attache*, although he is not & rsenbt* of
the Foreign Service, tea a particular and ffnvored
aietus not enjoyed, by eoreular officers stationed
In the #©u«try, although they are members of the
Foreign cs©rvi©# of the State Jiepertment*
It ie not nee«s»«ry in this deep etch to give
any reeeor=e efcy the eeorosie, financial sM social
background inf onset lor, .frets ebroed for it e Department
•hoaid be? furnished \}^ its ••mm officers* The fiepert*
asent of Stete &i the only end responsible organ of
our Oovears stent, feoth under the Constitution arm. under
the lm, SfM the eon duct of our foreign relations,
ssttst have certain background lnfortsetioe ir. order
to eerr> j out its* responsibilities* Hie information
een be "test furnished by it« officers as they are
stationed not only in eapitela but in all the
strategic centers in the reassetlve countries out*
aide of the capital. They er# in the Portion Service
•6-
«f tfc® L*psrtrs«»i &«••»»« til®y be?® femi apoeial
preparation a»ft training for this work ant fc a*e
haen ®®X®st«4 ®#««u»® tfa*y have a sp«el®l ®ptituds
for it. By the **ry nature of thair position and
fttnetion® tfc®y fe*v% reXntionatup8 woiefc profile tfa«©
*i%h hattar opportuniti®® for sMwn*rbm ®ueb toourat.®
©selsRrow4 inform? ti on then any otbe* ©ffi«*r» of
any ottiar D«partsumt of ouy Gowmsiant who oay
function abroad. In the perforates®* of their i*&tXy
duties, th® .Forai^n &er?ie® officers of th® Depart-
mmt of Stat®, *ho are ©ad mast he i»r® steely
out
®®«tt«re® through/the war id than th* representetiv®*
®f any setter impartsaiBBt of our Oovarrasnt «M «sa
properXy eou!4 b*t gather suefc feaels^roanA information
and It wou'e ifee ob»lo s duplie&tior therefor® to hat®
asyose ®isi® do this aork for th® ^epar t?*«&t» Then
there 1® the twjor eon0Iteration thfrt if th® Impart*
rmm% is responeifeie for our foreign rale*Ion® it- ®am
©r.ly eerry out this function ilth reaaon«bl® esenurlty
if it secure® it® hac^grottR»r-«rt-
aants of our Goiraresaent who u&y It stationed in fe®
eoontrjj for feaefegroun® information for the »l«4 on
and tb® ^epertswaxt, tut *lil ee- that this i® auppii®®.
by i$m foreign larris® offiaer® of tb* Btete l' : «part-
saeat in Hi® amission or in tb* eoneuiar oataaXishJaent®
•i»
in tba eepital enfi in tba ®&tmtrf* Tb« »i»»ior. will
eonaiiier it a loajor *eap naifcility to aee the* tba
eeoneasic, financial and social background reporting
eb;@& is #n antirely aaparftte sfio different asset tar
frots trade promotion work, is irtf orgfet&aed and i-
effectivo^ end tfa#t it be 4os@ || tba foreign liarvioe
offteei-a of the Benertreent of Stat© in tba ale si on
or is ttse ftoraulsr eatafexiah&«it in fee capital,
with the eol l« bora t ion of tba other consular officers
in the «@-iBtrf» In tbia *»ay not only will tba jj«p art»
rsant gat ita beekgground Information* frcm its own
officers on whose loyalty and tborougfaneee it caa
derm-nd, but &t will ba aafturad that tteae officers
tbenaclv^a will hafa tim firat band beaker «*nd in
formation secretary for %Um to properly perform their
daily tiutiee, end it sill be providing them with
training in tfei® t.,pa of work ate; eh ia ao Important
to all I%'ti|i Service officers of lb* Departeami*
In aosae eaae& tba abl^fa of stla^lone hate leaned
upon the Cowseroial Attach! fa* this eeaaoaie baftte*
0tmm& reporting *ltfa the b%«t intentions and is tba
belief that tba Coaeaaraial Attach! was apeaifie^L ly
aealgaed to the aapitai for tHia ?**rpoee» It i»
natural that ifei Cesaaareiel ittaobi ahowld take no
atcpa to flour, tereet tbia iiapresai on. Thea« chiefs of
sal as i©» hate overlooked tba f^at tbat the Coissercial
Attache 1 ia.oot em officer of the Dap art&arit of Sttta,
but b«a sserely bean given diplomat la at&tua at tba
raqiaat of bia Dap artjaaat as a scatter of convenient*
in
«?»
ir» carrying out Bfeos* flotations whisk »r» assigned
to Mm fey is*, They fea^e overlooked tb* feet that
the G$&&ereial Mtaehe 1 is toy ia* »sf?l£«©d osl| trie
funetloRs of « trade ?rc itlee officer* ?sr#ifp
fcervie* officers of f&e Depart--seal of :-.tate in
capital a have in aoiae i&ataneee failed to not* that
Is leasing upon tfe* CoE&aereiaX Attacks* for, or is
allowing his to assise the fttnetioa of providing,,
eeenoialc bakkgrotiiut in I or -&% ton for tfe* sisAoa, t tossy
teste deprlvedi thesssslve* of their sxerefee of one of
tbeir Ksajor functions &a officer* of the fcsoirtnaat*
Tkere ©at. BO longer fee any aepsr etirg of the duties
of i Foreign Servie* officer fros* major eeenossle
reporting. aetivltiae*
In eiraular i &s true t ions is»tt«d efter csKuiylta*
tion and agree&ast witb. tfea .Burlaw of Foreign, snd-
Donatio Cemvsrce of the Department of Corner ce eons
month* a&o, ii «sa tsade a leaf fey fcotfe iepartaents
tbal Sfti eork of the officers of the Depsrt&sajl sf
Cojaesree abroad it? of a trad© pronotternary char aster
as this is the statue ari charester of the work
assigned to fchemunSsr %bs law which treated the
Foreign. £«rvia« NP COBStree* Th« circulars sjade
slser that the pro toot ion of the interests of our
trade and eois&eroe end of A&ariean in tercets frer^ral
ly abroad, -as SB integral asd i&**psrslit F«rt of tine
conduct of our foreign relatione, . is. -solely a func
tion of the Dspert&ent of 8ta*e and its officers.
Certain off less* of the Sep-artse©* of -Stats assigned
la
«B-
in S sonsuler capacity are sift* charged by statute
with the. perform ns# of certain trade «roia©tioii
activities, tut- lr order that these activities &ay
o-.'t overlap or duplicate, but rather e©»splfc.e»efjt tb-t>e«
of the Foreign Service mt the uenarttiant of COMPasrss,
& eoor&ifiaiior; -a&ree&esv has been arrived at l«tween
the tso kepartasnts to prevent aueb duplicative in
trad# promotion activities between the officers of
the two Departments* The question ©f duplication in
major eeono&ie, financial and social beefcgrouse
reporting hy Foreicn Serried officers of the stele
i,ep»rts*e»t e -not trie* ss this is a statutory
function es well as inherent in their capacity a©
offieera of the JDepet tfluent of state end therefore a
titration which the,.: em not 4el*g.ete» the circulars
aboes referred to haw*- don® a gre^t 6mmX to clarify
thie situation because it Is new eieerly understood
that the protection of our trade and dOK«roe and of
rt»erlcaR inter sta abroad km-, purely ©sad solely i
function of the Department of state, ana that in
carrying out t ssa protection functions the & lesion
suet swell itself of the foreign oereiee officers of
the Departeant of Stats s&d not those of other ©sp art
isan ts« A» there had beer, s steadily growing pendancy
or? the pert of sffleers of oth«r Iftpart&ettte, notably
those of the Pep&rtiae&t ©I' Coauseree, to c oncers tbets»
selves with protection matters abroad and to unds/:take
function® abroad which sert equivalent to the conduct
of
"»-ff»*
of esrtsir* espeets of our fort lips relative there
arose ©it equivocal situation both with respect t© our
OWR people si hoss end With respect to for*;ifpi SOUD tries*
se
•lo
st the guise tin* gradually eliiainete an unusual asfi
undesirable situation *bi«h exists la certain «-$plt%l*.
The Uepartiaent ha a tsaa> claar ORC sspeet or thia
•Ituatlon la its c&reuler with regard to trade and
eo'tsnaree protect lor* -eork aa4 the eonduet of our
foralis ralationa beiisg a fuoetion of tha Stat® !-e-
partaent end Ita offleers. It la now believed to fee
desirable that this other* ae.ua 11 y Important eapeat
Of aaon^mlc background a©ifc being dona by officers
of the £»te;e iapartaeet be alsrif i4» To this end
It la not believed that a written is struct! om to
the Servtea at this %t?n# is necessary. Asbeaf-sdora
end Utr.i shears- proceeding to a poet saay appropriately
fee tr.fofiseti by tha £epert»ent la Washington of the
l&portenee of this eeonoftlc feefe ground a ark be lag
done bj tha foreign &«r
-u-
of our Government *bc mmf fee ©i lashed to tee utiles
or stationed 1R tb« eountry. Tfe»t f&e gsiviot, lit for suc
tion ar^ eounael af tbese Attsebe's end officer* of
other Departments sfe&uid %>$ freely offered to tfe«
mission an J tfcat it- is • mittm af &»ty of these
Attsene* toa»spqB4 to tfee desires of tfe© amission sjsd
give if their loyal e© operation, 1© mot ©sly desirable
but essential. Bat it fifceald ©e elesriy understood
by off iseras of tbe Bepartssent of state tb&t nmh co
operation does not replsee the eeanogUUI beefcgrouod
eortt t&leh ssaat be do&© by tee •ffioers of the Depart-
AS efeiefs of missions and Foreign Service of-
fleers of th® Department proceeding to a aetr post,
If in »esb ngton| invariably esll ae fbe personnel
Of flee before proceeding on tselr r»« asslgnsaent, end
*:3 tnl© setter is to s considerable extent ore of
per@ormei# it taey be desirable to neve tbis information
transmitted to officer* verbally by the ebi ef of tfee
Pereoxtsel Office oC tb» departswt of State, &rlng
•uah interview* It is b#ll«ved tfeet tfc* principles
outlined in tbis «teap«*tefe sbould also fee brought to
tbe attention of all Foreign Berviee officers,
particularly In capitals, by tbe Fersflc-r.el off lee of
tbe £*p
-12-
to In** at least soaa aspeots of Urn Matter also
brought to tfcs tttenUoB of Aabosssdors eivil Ministers
•n4 of thsso off iter® ate UIEOI? will be is ehorge
of diploiastle establishments, by the Uh&er«&eeretsrjr
ttt the Assistant aeeretsry, oh© aasj be. eon versing
sith suefe officers prior to their desertuos for i •
pOSt*
In presenting tale setter to the Bepertswa&t, only
pooltigs aspects of the situation and the reasons
for action have beeng0*eiu those tto hat* experience
in the field over • considerable ;>eri©d, realissc
with tbe I^psrtfaefit how tmsefo It would be for the
Ijopsar t%ont of Stele to pleoo ite dependence ffcr
©cartas!* background »©*fc In tba of fleers of other
Deportment e. Theo# othar of floor* alaa.pt fail their
fir at ellegiemee to tbolr oer- Deportment, ana it is
not an unco ."ior? esperlenoe in tba field to have tho&
transmit to their xmr, Dep&rtHtent iiror&etion ahiob
tboy say gat of interest i connection a 1th our foreign
relations* fcefor* furbishing it to the obief of tba
diplotaeti* sis a ion under *lose coper and protection
tfetf perform their eutleo* It is i husssn prdtaesi which
soot bo Soalt with oo euOfc* sM ehlle it may not bo
d*slr&fcle at tfels %im to SOE& out say writ tan lestrue*
tlons it in highly deslrsblo ttoet tbo expropriate
verbal is struct ions should bo given to dipi^-astis
officers w*.;en tbe opportunity offers mm &Xm to these
officers going to capitals 1B a consular ©opacity o$g
llfcely to be in ©berg© of tfe« consular •*tablleh®eji*#
ea
*jJ8>*
ft© th®*# latter afcouit te«t fully i&f@n»«a «s to
tftetr iiaport&Mt ©Migatietj ie edcpar&tlisg »i*k
tfc* miaaioa is protridin^ m&mmia tmokgrsu.ii&
ieforss&tioe,
11 /ISO
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B®sp
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