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Cuzco - Peru Travel Now

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78<br />

Ubicada en el valle del río Huatanay, la ciudad del <strong>Cuzco</strong><br />

–llamada antiguamente Acamama– estuvo poblada desde<br />

mucho antes de la llegada de los incas. Sus primeros<br />

pobladores llegaron hace más de cinco mil años y prosperaron como<br />

agricultores y pastores de camélidos alrededor del siglo 1.000 a.C., cuando<br />

la cultura Marcavalle dominó la tierras del Huatanay. Luego florecieron<br />

otras etnias significativas como los huaru y los chanapata, quienes<br />

estuvieron presentes en la zona durante un gran periodo de tiempo.<br />

Posteriormente, la región estuvo bajo el<br />

dominio de los tiahuanaco-huari, entre los<br />

VI y XII d.C., hasta su expulsión por parte<br />

de los lucre, en el 1.100 d.C.<br />

Libres del dominio Tiahuanaco-Huari, las<br />

etnias locales se enfrentaron entre sí por la<br />

hegemonía en la zona y hacia el 1.200 d.C.<br />

se formó el poderoso Señorío Inca. Debido<br />

a que estas culturas no conocieron la escritura es difícil saber el origen<br />

exacto de los incas, así como los nombres de sus primeros soberanos,<br />

llamados Sapallac inca cuna o Sapa inca. Garcilaso de la Vega rescata<br />

en sus Comentarios Reales (1609) dos leyendas acerca del origen del<br />

Tahuantinsuyu. La primera hace referencia a Manco Cápac y Mama Ocllo,<br />

hermanos y esposos hijos del Sol, que salieron del lago Titicaca con el<br />

mandato de fundar un imperio donde la vara de Manco Cápac se hundiese;<br />

el lugar fue el cerro Huanacaure, en la cercanías del <strong>Cuzco</strong>, donde se<br />

establecieron y enseñaron a los hombres la agricultura y la ganadería.<br />

L<br />

ocated in the Huatanay River valley, the city of <strong>Cuzco</strong>, originally<br />

named Acamama, was populated long before the arrival of the<br />

Incas. Its first inhabitants came there more than five thousand<br />

years ago and prospered as farmers and llama shepherds, circa 1000 B.C.,<br />

when the Marcavalle culture ruled the lands around the Huatanay. Later,<br />

other ethnic groups flourished like the Huaru and the Chanapata, who<br />

were present in that region for a very long time. Thereafter came the<br />

Tiahuanaco-Huari tribes to dominate the area between the sixth and<br />

twelfth centuries A.D. until their expulsion<br />

by the Lucre in the year 1,100 A.D.<br />

Free of the Tiahuanaco-Huari control, the local<br />

ethnic groups fought amongst themselves<br />

for domination and around 1200 A.D. the<br />

powerful Incan government was formed. Due<br />

to the fact that these cultures had no written<br />

languages, it is difficult to ascertain the exact<br />

origin of the Incas or the names of their first monarchs known as Sapallac<br />

Inca Cuna or Sapa Inca. Garcilaso de la Vega does resurrect two legends about<br />

the origin of the Tahuantinsuyu in his Royal Commentaries of 1609. The<br />

first makes reference to Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo, children of the sun<br />

and brother and sister / husband and wife, who emerged from the waters of<br />

Lake Titicaca with the mission to found an empire; it is told then that as they<br />

were walking, Manco Cápac took his staff and jabbed it into the ground and<br />

the place where it embedded itself was where the kingdom was to be; this<br />

happened to be the hill called Huanacaure, close to <strong>Cuzco</strong>, where they settled

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