estudio y caracterización de un plasma de microondas a presión ...

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ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura I.1: Esquema de un condensador refrigerado de superficie. ............................... 11 Figura I.2: Proceso de detoxificación solar por vía fotocatalítica. Representación esquemática de una partícula del catalizador. ........................................................ 18 Figura I.3: Reactor experimental tubular diseñado para trabajar con lámparas UV. ..... 19 Figura I.4: Descarga corona en agua, realizada en los laboratorios de la Universidad Tecnológica de Eindhoven. .................................................................................... 23 Figura I.5: Glow discharge a presión atmosférica. ........................................................ 24 Figura I.6: Dielectric Barrier Discharge de placas planas. ........................................... 26 Figura I.7: Antorcha de plasma a presión atmosférica. .................................................. 27 Figura I.8: Antorcha de Inyección Axial con reactor acoplado. .................................... 28 Figure 1.1: Experimental set-up. .................................................................................... 37 Figure 1.2: Dependence of the %DRE with the gas flow for a fixed concentration of TCE, and three different applied microwave powers. ............................................ 40 Figure 1.3: Dependence of the %DRE with the TCE concentration in the plasma gas. . 41 Figure 1.4: Dependence of the %DRE with the applied microwave power for different TCE concentrations. ............................................................................................... 42 Figure 1.5: 3D graph of MW power and total flow versus %DRE. ............................... 43 Figure 1.6: Flow versus %DRE for different applied powers. ....................................... 43 Figure 1.7: Comparison of the destruction capabilities of four different tips of the torch. ............................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 2.1: Schematic diagram of the reactor and the proposed VOC destruction system. ............................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 2.2: Variation of the C2HCl3 concentration in the helium plasma as a function of the applied microwave power. ............................................................................... 53 Figure 2.3: Variation of the C2HCl3 concentration at the gas outlet as a function of the total flow-rate (helium plus C2HCl3) at different inner diameters (D) of the coupler tip. .......................................................................................................................... 54 Figure 2.4: Variation of the C2HCl3 concentration at the gas outlet as a function of the velocity of the gas at different inner diameters (D) of the coupler tip. .................. 55 Figure 2.5: Variation of the energy efficiency with the inner diameter of the coupler tip. ............................................................................................................................... 56 vii
Índice Figure 2.6: a) Variation of the C2HCl3 concentration at the reactor outlet as a function of that introduced in the plasma at different applied microwave power levels. The total flow-rate included those of helium and C2HCl3 vapor. b) Variation of %DRE with the C2HCl3 concentration introduced in the helium plasma at different applied microwave power levels. ........................................................................................ 58 Figure 2.7: Spectral lines for Cl I in the discharge of a helium plasma containing C2HCl3. ................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 2.8: Variation of the concentration of CCl4 and C2Cl4 produced as a function of the total flow-rate. .................................................................................................. 60 Figure 2.9: Variation of the concentration of CO2 produced as a function of the initial concentration of C2HCl3 in the helium plasma. ...................................................... 61 Figure 2.10: Spectral lines for Cu I in the discharge in the presence and absence of C2HCl3 in the helium plasma.................................................................................. 62 Figure 2.11: Influence of the initial concentration of C2HCl3 on the rotational bandheads of CuCl in the discharge. ........................................................................................ 63 Figure 2.12: Rotational bandheads of CN in the discharge. ........................................... 63 Figure 2.13: Rotational bands of C2 in the discharge. .................................................... 64 Figure 3.1: Schematic diagram of the proposed VOC destruction set-up. ...................... 74 Figure 3.2: Schematic diagram of the plasma reactor (Spanish patent nº P200201328).75 Figure 3.3: Variation of the CCl4 concentration in the argon plasma as a function of the microwave power applied. ..................................................................................... 79 Figure 3.4: Variation of the CCl4 concentration in the argon plasma as a function of the total flow-rate (argon plus CCl4) at different inner diameters of the coupler tip. ... 81 Figure 3.5: Variation of the energy efficiency with the inner diameter of the coupler tip. ................................................................................................................................ 82 Figure 3.6: Variation of %DRE and the CCl4 concentration at the reactor outlet as a function of that introduced in the plasma at different microwave power levels. The total flow-rate included those of argon and CCl4 vapour. ...................................... 84 Figure 3.7: CO2 concentration at the reactor outlet versus CCl4 concentration introduced (the CO2 concentration from the air has been substracted). ................................... 85 Figure 3.8: XRDP patterns for the solid phases deposited on glass, aluminium and copper sample holders under variable conditions in the presence and absence of a protective plastic film on the holders. .................................................................... 86 Figure 3.9: Spectral lines for Cu I in the centre of the discharge in the presence and absence of CCl4 in the initial plasma. ..................................................................... 88 Figure 3.10: Rotational bandheads for CuCl in the centre of the discharge in the presence and absence of CCl4 in the initial plasma. Some spectral lines for Ar I can be seen in the spectrum obtained in the absence of VOC....................................... 89 viii
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA FACULTAD DE
Page 4: ESTUDIO Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UN PL
Page 8: Este trabajo ha sido realizado en e
Page 12: Dedicado a Rocío, Darío y Noah Un
Page 15 and 16: Índice DESTRUCCIÓN DE VOCS CON PL
Page 17 and 18: Índice iv 4.4. Ejemplo: Antorcha d
Page 22 and 23: Índice Figure 3.11: Variation of t
Page 24: Índice Figure 6.5: Radial and axia
Page 28 and 29: ESTRUCTURA Y OBJETIVOS El presente
Page 30 and 31: I.1. Compuestos orgánicos volátil
Page 32 and 33: Introducción droguerías. En el si
Page 34 and 35: Introducción agua subterránea. Es
Page 36 and 37: I.2.1. Técnicas de recuperación d
Page 38 and 39: Introducción concentraciones relat
Page 40 and 41: Introducción cuando el gas sale de
Page 42 and 43: Introducción los gases a algún va
Page 44 and 45: Introducción incineradores catalí
Page 46 and 47: Introducción En la figura I.3 se m
Page 48 and 49: Introducción plasma, y por tanto r
Page 50 and 51: I.3.1. Descargas corona pulsadas In
Page 52 and 53: Introducción En este caso, la mues
Page 54 and 55: Introducción por tanto, las dimens
Page 56 and 57: Introducción refiere. De hecho la
Page 58: Introducción [26] Hsiao MC, Merrit
Page 62 and 63: CAPÍTULO 1 REMOVAL OF VOLATILE ORG
Page 64 and 65: 1.2. Experimental set-up Capítulo
Page 66 and 67: Capítulo 1 The destruction percent
Page 68 and 69: Capítulo 1 Our data also support t
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% DRE % DRE 100,0000 100,0000 99,99
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Capítulo 1 Energy efficiencies of
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CAPÍTULO 2 APPLICATION OF A MICROW
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Capítulo 2 at atmospheric pressure
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2.2.1. Microwave generator and coup
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2.3. Results 2.3.1. Destruction of
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Capítulo 2 mm. The curves are simi
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Capítulo 2 In obtaining high energ
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Capítulo 2 Figure 2.6b shows the v
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Capítulo 2 revealed the presence o
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Capítulo 2 destruction step but un
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Capítulo 2 concentrations in the p
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[23] B.M. Penetrante, et al.: Plasm
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CAPÍTULO 3 ASSESSMENT OF A NEW CAR
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Capítulo 3 enhanced destruction an
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3.2.1. Microwave generator and its
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3.2.2. Sample insertion Capítulo 3
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Capítulo 3 concentration was a res
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Capítulo 3 Figure 3.4: Variation o
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Capítulo 3 different microwave pow
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Concentration CO 2 (ppm) 10000 1000
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Capítulo 3 CuCl2·2H2O on glass su
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Capítulo 3 Figure 3.10 shows some
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3.4. Conclusions Capítulo 3 The pr
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Capítulo 3 [14] A. Rodero, M.C. Qu
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Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de
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CAPÍTULO 5 APPLICATION OF MICROWAV
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Capítulo 5 99% were achieved. Usin
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COMPONENT DESCRIPTION Microwave gen
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Concentration (ppb) 300 250 200 150
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TCC Concentration (ppb) 1100 1000 9
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Capítulo 5 5.4 and 5.5 are virtual
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Capítulo 5 indicated that the syst
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Capítulo 5 was nearly 100%. The de
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Capítulo 5 GC/MS analyses revealed
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Figure 5.12: CN rotational bands ob
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5.5. References [1] R.E. Doherty: J
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DISTRIBUCIÓN DE TEMPERATURAS Y ESP
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Distribución de temperaturas y esp
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CAPÍTULO 7 AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF T
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Capítulo 7 of C2HCl3 achieve destr
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7.3. Results Capítulo 7 To study t
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7.4. References [1] N.J. Park Ridge
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Axial position (mm) Axial Position
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CONCLUSIONES GENERALES • Ha sido
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Conclusiones Generales punta del ac
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ANEXO Producción científica fruto
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Producción científica fruto de es
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