Identificación y caracterización del granizo mediante el radar ...

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BibliografíaMarkowski, P., 2005c: Supercell Thunderstorms. Atmospheric Convection Course. Udine, Italy,18th-22th July.Marshall, J.S. y W.M.K. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteor., 5,156–166.Martín, F., 2004: Observations with MSG. Workshop on Severe Convective Storms, 8 deNoviembre de 2004, León, España.Martín, F., C.J. Alejo, J.J. de Bustos, F.J. Calvo, I. San Ambrosio, J.M. Sánchez-Laulhé, D.Santos, 2005: Estudio de la tormenta tropical "Delta" y su transición extratropical:Efectos meteorológicos en Canarias (27 a 29 de noviembre de 2005). Nota técnica delInstituto Nacional de Meteorología.Martín, F., Eliazaga, F., Carretero, O. y San Ambrosio, I., 2001: Diagnóstico y predicción de laconvección profunda. STAP Nota técnica, nº 35.Marwitz, J.D., 1972: The structure and motion of severe hailstorms. Part I: Supercell storms. J.Appl. Meteor., 11, 166-179.Marzano, F.S., D. Scaranari, M. Celano, P.P. Alberoni, G. Vulpiani y M. Montopoli, 2006:Hydrometeor classification from dualpolarized weather radar: extending fuzzy logicfrom S-band to Cband data. Adv. Geosci., 7, 109-114.Mason, B.J., 1972: The physics of clouds (2nd edition). Clarendon Press, Oxford, England,671pp.Mathewson, M.A., 1996: Using the AWIPS Forecast Preparation System (AFPS). Preprints12th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems forMeteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Atlanta, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 194-197.McAnelly, R.L. y W.R. Cotton, 1986: Meso-β scale characteristics of an episode of meso-αscale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1740-1770.McAnelly, R.L., J.E. Nachamkin, W.R. Cotton y M.E. Nicholls, 1997: Upscale Evolution ofMCSs: Doppler Radar Analysis and Analytical Investigation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125:6,1083-1110.McGill, R., J.W. Tukey y W.A. Larsen, 1978: Variations of box plots. American Statistician,32, 1, 12-16.McNulty, R.P., 1995: Severe and convective weather: A Central Region forecasting challenge.Wea. Forecasting, 10, 187-202.Mezeix, J.F. y N. Doras, 1981: Various kinetic energy characteristics of hailpatterns in theGrossversuch IV experiment. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 377-385.Michelson, S.A. y N.L. Seaman,2000: Assimilation of NEXRAD-VAD Winds in SummertimeMeteorological Simulations over the Northeastern United States. J. Appl. Meteor., 39,3, 367–383.Miller, R.C., 1967: Notes on analysis and severe storm forecasting procedures of the MilitaryWeather Warning Center. AWS Tech. Rep. 200 (revised), 170 pp. [Available fromHeadquarters, Air Force Weather Agency, Scott AFB, IL 62225.].Miller, L.J., J.D. Tuttle y C.A. Knight, 1988: Airflow and hail growth in a severe northern HighPlains supercell. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 736–762.Mogil, H.M., J.C. Monro y H.S. Groper, 1978: NWS's Flash Flood Warning and DisasterPreparedness Programs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 59, 6, 690-699.Moller, A.R., C.A.III Doswell y R. Przybylinski, 1990: High-Precipitation supercells: Aconceptual model and documentation. Preprints, 16th Conference on Severe LocalStorms, Kananaskis Park, Alta., Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 52-57.214
Identificación y caracterización del granizo. Predicción de las células convectivasMorgan, G.M.Jr., y N.G. Towery: Small-scale variability of hail and its significance for hailprevention experiments. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 763-770, 1975.Morgan, G.M.Jr. y P.W. Summers, 1991: Hailfall and Hailstorm Characteristics. ThunderstormMorphology and Dynamics. Volume 2 of Thunderstorms: A social, scientific, andtechnological documentary. Edited by Edwin Kessler. University of Oklahoma Press.Mosmann, V., A. Castro, R. Fraile, J. Dessens y J.L. Sánchez, 2004: Detection of statisticallysignificant trends in the summer precipitation of mainland Spain. Atmos. Res., 70, 1,43-53.N, O, PNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA,http://wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/awoc/ICSvr3/hda_vil_tool.htmlNelson, S. P., 1983: The influence of storm flow structure on hail growth. J. Atmos. Sci., 40,1965–1983.Niall, S. y K. Walsh, 2005: The impact of climate change on hailstorms in southeasternAustralia. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 1933–1952.NOAA, 1993: NOAA Special Report The AWIPS Forecast Preparation System, USGPO 89042,July 1993, 100 pp. NOAA/ERL/FSL, Boulder, CO, and NOAA/NWS/OSD/TDL, SilverSpring, MD.NOAA, 2007: Hail Forecasting and Formation Processes. DLOC Workshop Winter 2007.Disponibleenhttp://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/dloc/workshop/presentations/HailTalk_DLOC2007.pptOrlanski, I., 1975: A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric processes. Bull. Amer.Meteor. Soc., 56, 5, 527-530.Parker, M.D. y R.H. Johnson, 2000: Organizational modes of midlatitude mesoscale convectivesystems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3413-3436.Parsons, D.B., M.A. Shapiro, R.M. Hardesty, R.J. Zamora y J.M. Intrieri, 1991: The finescalestructure of a West Texas dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1242–1258.Pascual, R., 2002: Estudio de las granizadas en el llano de Lleida. Nota técnica no. 3, CentroMeteorológico Territorial de Catalunya.Paxton, C. H., y J. M. Shepherd, 1993: Radar Diagnostic Parameters as Indicators of SevereWeather in Central Florida. NOAA Tech. Memo. NWS SR-149, 12pp.Pearson, K., 1904: On the theory of contingency and its relation to association and normalcorrelation, in Draper’s Co. Res. Mem. Biometric Ser. l., Cambridge, U.K.: CambridgeUniv. Press, 1904. Reprint (1948) in Karl Pearson’s Early Papers.Pérez, R.C., 2007: Dinámica atmosférica y los procesos tormentosos severos, UniversidadTecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Mendoza, Abril 2007, 137pp.Petrocchi, P.J., 1982: Automatic detection of hail by radar. AFGL-TR-82-0277. EnvironmentalResearch Paper 796, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom, AFB, MA, 33pp.Piani, F., A. Crisci, G. De Chiara, G. Maracchi y F. Meneguzzo, 2005: Recent trends andclimatic perspectives of hailstorms frequency and intensity in Tuscany and CentralItaly. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 217–224.215
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Índice4.4 Los radiosondeos .......
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Agradecimientos / AgraïmentsTota a
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Resumenobteniendo una óptima estim
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Abstractresults the relationships b
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Identificación y caracterización
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El granizoEn cuanto a su forma, el
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El granizo• La formación de las
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El granizoFigura 3.5 Vista esquemá
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El granizo3.5 Órdenes de magnitudL
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El granizo(171 km/h), en este caso
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El granizoFigura 3.8 Tamaño máxim
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El granizo• Una escala muy sofist
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El granizoEn resumen, existen una g
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El granizodistribución espacial de
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El granizola zona del Valle del Ebr
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El granizo• Una extensión de las
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Las campañas de observación de gr
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Situaciones con y sin granizo y det
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Page 177 and 178: Identificación y caracterización
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Page 196 and 197: Conclusionesexistentes se han mostr
Page 198 and 199: Conclusioneslugar en ella sean de d
Page 200 and 201: Conclusiones9.4 Las campañas exper
Page 202 and 203: Conclusionesla incidencia perpendic
Page 204 and 205: Conclusionessubjetivas, cometiendo
Page 206 and 207: Conclusionesrelacionados con las di
Page 208 and 209: Conclusiones9.7 La predicción de l
Page 210 and 211: Conclusionesdetectándose variacion
Page 212 and 213: Conclusiones• La organización de
Page 220 and 221: BibliografíaAugustine, J.A. y K.W.
Page 222 and 223: BibliografíaDDas, P., 1979: A non-
Page 224 and 225: BibliografíaGGalletti, M., P.P. Al
Page 226 and 227: BibliografíaKaňák, J., M. Benko,
Page 230 and 231: BibliografíaPierce, C.E., P.J. Har
Page 232 and 233: BibliografíaStumpf, G.J., T.M. Smi
Page 244 and 245: Índice de tablasTabla. 7.4 Diferen
Page 246: AcrónimosMUL - Sistema Multicelula
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