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governments, the private sector and local people and degradation of forest ecosystems with loss ofbiodiversity and livelihoods.IUCN’s work under this programme aims to establish legal and sustainable forest management andutilization practices, strengthen the rule of law, and enhance local livelihoods in the participatingcountries.IUCN applied a combination of building awareness and capacity; providing concrete data andquantitatively-based information upon which to base decisions; building solid relationships withgovernment; and undertaking comprehensive communications to convey and share this information.Among the main governance arrangements adopted and implemented are: new forest inventory andnew fuelwood regulations enacted and implemented in Moldova; forest code revisions in the RussianFederation and Georgia and more strict enforcement of laws against illegal logging by the Georgiangovernment, particularly in four territories assessed as the largest illegal logging threat.In Georgia, IUCN developed a livelihood solution, beekeeping as a solution to illegal logging. In thevillages of Tadzrisi and Sakire in the Borjomi district in Georgia, IUCN aimed to help the communitiesreverse the destruction of their natural capital, by assessing their potential for alternative livelihoods.Beekeeping was identified as a potential activity to generate income. Following intensive beekeepingtraining and building capacity to understand the importance of maintaining the forest for the bees, fiveindividuals were selected to receive beehives and to begin to form the core of a honey business. Thealternative income generation led to a drop in illegal logging in the region as well as the production ofa food product and in support of an ecosystem service in the form of pollination.Creating space in the debate for European Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries andTerritoriesThere are 34 European Union (EU) Outermost Regions (ORs) and Overseas Countries and Territories(OCTs) that are linked to six EU Member States: Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spainand the United Kingdom. Despite their critical importance to global biodiversity targets, EU overseashave been poorly integrated in EU policies and programmes and absent from international biodiversitydeliberations.IUCN has been advocating for the recognition of EU overseas contribution to global biodiversity since2004. The Reunion Conference, held in 2008 under the France Presidency of the Council of Europe,brought all EU overseas actors together for the first time. Its key outcome, the Message of ReunionIsland (2008), remains the only EU overseas policy statement on biodiversity and climate changeendorsed by of all EU overseas actors to this day. Consequently, the IUCN EU overseas programmeaims to progress the recommendations of the Message of Reunion Island.Among the main outcomes of this initiative, the IUCN Europe Overseas Programme has establishedand is convening the Europe Overseas Roundtable on Biodiversity and Climate Change. TheRoundtable provides an EU-wide flexible and informal instrument for coordination, dialogue andexchange among all Europe overseas actors. IUCN has also established strategic partnerships withinternational organizations such as the Secretariat of the CBD, the European Parliament, and theGlobal Islands Partnership and is working closely with the European Commission on advancing thisagenda.Watershed Management in Upper Akkar, LebanonUpper Akkar is a unique region in Lebanon due to its geographical, biological and culturalcharacteristics. The area suffers from major environmental problems preventing accessibility tosurplus supply of clean water.IUCN aimed to improve the local governance for management of natural resources, empowerstakeholders mainly local communities and their organizations to effectively manage naturalresources, and improve their livelihood conditions.The hima approach promotes decentralization and supports local community decision making andcooperation for the sustainable management of natural resources. It empowers income generationthrough the creation of adaptive nature-based solutions that supports underprivileged groups in the349