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La prévention de la violence en milieu scolaire au Québec : - acelf

La prévention de la violence en milieu scolaire au Québec : - acelf

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>prév<strong>en</strong>tion</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>viol<strong>en</strong>ce</strong> <strong>en</strong> <strong>milieu</strong> sco<strong>la</strong>ire <strong>au</strong> <strong>Québec</strong>: réflexions sur <strong>la</strong> recherche et le développem<strong>en</strong>t <strong>de</strong> pratiques efficaces<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Prev<strong>en</strong>ting <strong>viol<strong>en</strong>ce</strong> in the québec school <strong>milieu</strong>:<br />

Reflections on the research and <strong>de</strong>velopm<strong>en</strong>t of effective practices<br />

François Bow<strong>en</strong> and Nadia Desbi<strong>en</strong>s, University of Montréal<br />

This article explores the <strong>de</strong>velopm<strong>en</strong>t of effective ways of prev<strong>en</strong>ting <strong>viol<strong>en</strong>ce</strong> in<br />

the school <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>t, through on-site research, as well as the <strong>au</strong>thors’ experi<strong>en</strong>ce<br />

in the field of initial and continuing teacher training. First, we pres<strong>en</strong>t some observations<br />

about the preval<strong>en</strong>ce of viol<strong>en</strong>t behaviour in <strong>Québec</strong> schools. These results<br />

are accompanied by reflections on differ<strong>en</strong>t ways of analysing the "school effect".<br />

Th<strong>en</strong> we pres<strong>en</strong>t the principles on which the most effective <strong>viol<strong>en</strong>ce</strong> prev<strong>en</strong>tion<br />

approaches have be<strong>en</strong> based. Finally, we examine the chall<strong>en</strong>ges faced both by practitioners<br />

and researchers in <strong>de</strong>veloping and establishing prev<strong>en</strong>tion measures or programs<br />

in the school setting.<br />

RESUMEN<br />

<strong>La</strong> prev<strong>en</strong>ción <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> viol<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>en</strong> el medio esco<strong>la</strong>r <strong>en</strong> quebec:<br />

Reflexiones sobre <strong>la</strong> investigación y el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong> prácticas efici<strong>en</strong>tes<br />

François Bow<strong>en</strong> et Nadia Desbi<strong>en</strong>s, Universidad <strong>de</strong> Montreal<br />

Este artículo pres<strong>en</strong>ta una reflexión sobre el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong> prácticas efici<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>en</strong><br />

<strong>la</strong> prev<strong>en</strong>ción <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> viol<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>en</strong> el medio esco<strong>la</strong>r a partir particu<strong>la</strong>rm<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s<br />

investigaciones <strong>en</strong> el campo, y a través <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> experi<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> los <strong>au</strong>tores <strong>en</strong> el dominio<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> formación inicial y continua <strong>de</strong>l magisterio. Por principio, se pres<strong>en</strong>ta un cierto<br />

número <strong>de</strong> observaciones sobre <strong>la</strong> prevalecía <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s conductas viol<strong>en</strong>tas <strong>en</strong> el medio<br />

esco<strong>la</strong>r <strong>en</strong> Quebec. Estos resultados van acompañados <strong>de</strong> una reflexión <strong>en</strong> torno a <strong>la</strong>s<br />

pistas <strong>de</strong> análisis sobre el « efecto escue<strong>la</strong> ». Enseguida, pres<strong>en</strong>tamos los principios a<br />

partir <strong>de</strong> los cuales se han construido los <strong>en</strong>foques más efici<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>en</strong> materia <strong>de</strong> prev<strong>en</strong>ción<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> viol<strong>en</strong>cia. Finalm<strong>en</strong>te, examinamos los retos que pres<strong>en</strong>ta, tanto a los<br />

practicantes como a los investigadores, el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo y <strong>la</strong> imp<strong>la</strong>ntación <strong>en</strong> el medio<br />

esco<strong>la</strong>r <strong>de</strong> medidas o programas <strong>de</strong> prev<strong>en</strong>ción.<br />

Introduction<br />

<strong>La</strong> <strong>viol<strong>en</strong>ce</strong> à l’école est une réalité à <strong>la</strong>quelle <strong>au</strong>cun <strong>milieu</strong> sco<strong>la</strong>ire n’échappe.<br />

Les événem<strong>en</strong>ts tragiques sont heureusem<strong>en</strong>t <strong>en</strong>core très rares <strong>au</strong> Canada et <strong>au</strong><br />

<strong>Québec</strong>. Cep<strong>en</strong>dant, <strong>la</strong> <strong>viol<strong>en</strong>ce</strong> à l’école se révèle sous <strong>de</strong>s formes plus ou moins<br />

manifestes chaque jour. Ce sont <strong>de</strong>s <strong>viol<strong>en</strong>ce</strong>s verbales et physiques, l’indiscipline,<br />

volume XXXII:1, printemps 2004 70<br />

www.<strong>acelf</strong>.ca

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