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<strong>moambe</strong><br />
saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis yovelTviuri gazeTi<br />
marti, 2010<br />
#1<br />
ע”שת ןסינ<br />
www.georgianjews.org<br />
didi movlena<br />
sefer-Toris SebrZaneba qoTelis salocavSi
2<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis<br />
prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis –<br />
gabriel mirilaSvilis misalmeba<br />
drouli da misasalmebelia semk-is xelmZRvanelobis<br />
iniciativa - kerZod, yovelTviur gazeT “moambis“<br />
saredaqcio kolegiis gafarToeba – aRniSnuli<br />
organos moculobis gazrdisa da Sinaarsobrivi<br />
gadaxalisebis mizniT.<br />
gazeTis SemoqmedebiTma koleqtivma miznad unda<br />
daisaxos saqarTvelos ebraelTa cxovrebaSi momxdari<br />
movlenebis realuri asaxva. imdenad, ramdenadac<br />
Cveni Temis warmomadgenlebi dasaxlebulni arian<br />
ara marto israelSi da saqarTveloSi, aramed<br />
ruseTSic, evropis qveynebSic da aSS-Sic, semk-is<br />
xelmZRvanelobam miiRo gadawyvetileba qarTulenovan<br />
gazeT “<strong>moambe</strong>”-s samomavlod daerTos Semoklebuli<br />
varianti ebraul enaze, aseve mokle anotaciebi<br />
rusul da inglisur enebze.<br />
kongresis mesveurTa mizania, Cveni Temis cxovrebiseuli<br />
movlenebi gasagebi gaxdes ara marto<br />
ufrosi TaobisaTvis, aramed maTi Svilebisa da<br />
SviliSvilebisTvisac.<br />
mivesalmebi gazeTis ganaxlebuli formatiT<br />
gamosvlis iniciativas da vimedovneb, rom mis safuZvlad<br />
darCeba ebrauli sulisa da mdidari memkvidreobis<br />
mqone mravalsaukunovani tradiciebis<br />
popularizacia. amasTan erTad, igi gaxdeba zogad-<br />
saganmanaTleblo cnobaric – kulturis, mecniereb-<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
isa da medicinis siaxleebis, msoflios sxvadasxva<br />
kuTxeSi mcxovreb ebraelobasTan kavSiris mqone da<br />
am samyaroSi mimdinare procesebis mematiane.<br />
axali, 21 - e saukune Zalze dinamiuria, cxovreba<br />
Cvens irgvliv swrafad icvleba, movlenebi<br />
Cqari tempiT viTardeba; sazogadoeba ki kongress<br />
uyenebs axal-axal sakiTxebs, rac droul reagirebas<br />
moiTxovs.<br />
“moambis “ saSualebiT Cven unda SevZloT aRniS–<br />
nuli sakiTxebis operatiuli gaSuqeba, raTa movizidoT<br />
da Cvens irgvliv SemovikriboT sazogadoebis<br />
farTo fenebi. swored es aris Cveni mizani<br />
– qarTul-ebrauli Temis gaerTianebasa da ganvi-<br />
Tarebaze zrunva.<br />
vimedovneb, rom gazeTis gafarToebuli SemoqmedebiTi<br />
koleqtivic am principebiT ixelmZRvanelebs.<br />
gisurvebT warmatebebs.<br />
aqve, vsargeblob SemTxveviT da msurs momavali<br />
fesaxis dResaswauli mivuloco Cvens Tems – israelSi<br />
da msoflios yvela kuTxeSi, vusurvo sixaruli,<br />
gamarjveba Sin da gareT, winsvla da ayvaveba.<br />
dae, wlevandel fesaxs sanatreli mSvidoba<br />
moetanos ebraeli xaxlisaTvis!<br />
xag fesax qaSer vesameax!
adamians rom sikvdilis Semdeg<br />
meore sicocxle xvdes wilad am<br />
qveyanaze, iSviaTobaa!.. misi danatovarni,<br />
nacnob-megobrebi da axloblebi<br />
TiTqos sabolood darwmundnen, rom<br />
uZvirfasesi kaci dakarges – gansxvavebuli<br />
da gansakuTrebuli, Zvirfasi<br />
da axlobeli did-patarisa, gamkiTxavi<br />
da Sembrale axlobel-Soreulisa;<br />
kaci maRali, kaci mdabali, didi<br />
saqmeebis mkeTebeli da mavan-mavanis<br />
sadardeblis erTi SexedviT amomcnobi,<br />
talkvesi gaWirvebisa...<br />
ai, im sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis is<br />
arasruli sia, romelic ganu–wyvetliv<br />
ismoda oTx aprils miSiko mirilaSvilis<br />
ojaxSi – gardacvalebis TerTmet<br />
TvisTavze.<br />
uamravi xalxi mosuliyo am Tavmdabali,<br />
xalasi iumoris mqone da bavSviviT<br />
gulubryvilo kacis wmida<br />
xsovnis pativsacemad, misi axloblebis<br />
mosakiTxad, maTdami kidev erTxel<br />
didi TanagrZnobis gmosaxatad.<br />
mWermetyveli rabinebi, israelis<br />
parlamentis wevrebi, saqarTvlos<br />
ebraelTa msoflio kongresis xelmZ-<br />
Rvaneloba, TanamSromlebi da qvelmoqmedni;<br />
Temis saxelovani adamianebi,<br />
ojaxis wevrebi, axloblebi, megobrebi,<br />
uamravi stumari israelis yoveli<br />
kuTxidan, sazRvargareTidan...<br />
ai, misi saflavic, lodis axal<br />
sasaflaoze, qarTvel ebraelTa didi<br />
rabis – xaxam rafael davaraSvilis<br />
gverdiT. “sicocxleSi maT udidesi<br />
sulieri megobroba akavSirebdaT da<br />
ai, sikvdilis Semdegac ar daaSora<br />
isini gamCenma... erTmaneTis gverdiT<br />
orives erTnairi saflavi arguna –<br />
es SemTxveviTi ar aris! marcxniv<br />
didi rabini ganisvenebs da marjvniv<br />
– didi cadiki, gana amas ukvdaveba ara<br />
hqvia?! “– grZnobamoZalebuli laparakobs<br />
miSiko mirilaSvilis saflavTan<br />
mlocveli jamaaTisa da ojaxis wevrebis<br />
garemocvaSi mdgari, israelis parlamentis<br />
wevri – abram mixaeli.<br />
minxis locva. saamayo mamis, miSiko<br />
mirilaSvilis, ori saxelovani va-<br />
JiSvili – mixaeli da gabrieli amboben<br />
kadiSs... SavebSi mosil Zvirfas<br />
meuRles misas – dodos ki Tavi<br />
Rirseuli kaci<br />
3<br />
semk<br />
sikvdilis<br />
Semdegac<br />
*** ***<br />
Cauqindravs da cremlad iRvreba... mis<br />
gverdiT mjdomi qaliSvili – irina<br />
mxarze xels usvams sayvarel dedas,<br />
efereba, amSvidebs...<br />
mamakacebi salocavad Sedian, saflavis<br />
Semogarens ki amjerad miSiko mirilaSvilis<br />
sayvareli ojaxis wevri<br />
qalebi avseben: meuRle, da, qaliSvili,<br />
rZlebi, SviliSvilebi... tirilisa da<br />
godebis miRma gamokveTilad moismoda<br />
mtkivneuli monatrebis amo–Zaxili<br />
yuradRebiani, tkbili da moalerse<br />
meuRlis, mamis, mamam–Tilis, babuisa...<br />
Soriaxlos mdgari, mirilaSvilebis<br />
erT-erTi yofili mezobeli qali<br />
kulaSidan cremliani xmiT igonebs:<br />
“miSikos mama rom gardaicvala da<br />
ojaxi daoblda, man Tavis Tavze aiRo<br />
pasuxismgebloba – sruliad axalgazrda,<br />
gamoucdeli biWi Sevida mamis<br />
warmoebaSi da daiWira misi adgili.<br />
sul cota xanSi gadaaxalisa, gaasuf-<br />
Tava da mwyobrSi Caayena yvela obieqti.<br />
xalxi gakvirvebuli iyo, es pirtitvela<br />
biWi rogor axerxebs amxela<br />
saqmis gaZRolaso! didi mondomebuli<br />
da niWieri iyo!..”<br />
miSikos Tvalcremlianma qaliSvilma<br />
Zvirfas mamikos sayvareli melodiebi<br />
waumRera – nazi, sevdiani, magram<br />
Zalze mgrZnobiare dabali xmiT...<br />
mirilaSvilebis ufrosi mZaxali qali<br />
– maro SafToSvili amaRelvebeli<br />
xmiT kiTxulobs miSikosadmi miZRvnil<br />
leqss...<br />
sakmaod Camobnelda, yarbiTis locvac<br />
damTavrda, mamakacebi gamovidnen<br />
salocavidan. qalbatonebs ki uWirdaT<br />
saflavis datoveba... gaitanes miSiko<br />
mirilaSvilis suraTi da xalxmac nel<br />
– nela iwyo gasvla.<br />
ara, ukvdavebas daviwyeba ar uweria!<br />
– radgan xalxis gulSi Semonaxuli<br />
siTbo didebuli adamianis – miSiko<br />
mirilaSvilisa saukuneobiT gaRvivdeba,<br />
alisfrad aenTeba, rogorc naTeli<br />
simbolo qarTul ebrauli Temisa da<br />
misi momavali Taobebisa.<br />
izolda krixeli<br />
xuTSabaTis saRamo idga – pirveli<br />
xuTSabaTis - miSiko [moSe] mirilaSvilis<br />
gardacvalebis Semdeg. gansvenebulis<br />
binaSi zRva xalxs moeyara<br />
Tavi. yvelas didi mwuxareba ewera<br />
saxeze. mec maT Soris gaxldiT. batoni<br />
miSikos umcrosma vaJma – gabrielma<br />
gverdze gamixmo da miTxra,<br />
xval diliT Cvens ojaxSi israelis<br />
sagareo saqmeTa ministri avigdor<br />
libermani modis samZimris saTqmelad<br />
da Tu SeZleb, Cvens gverdiT iyavio.<br />
marTlac, meore dRes, diliT,<br />
zustad daniSnul dros batoni avigdori<br />
Tanmxleb pirebiTan erTad<br />
mirilaSvilebis ojaxs ewvia, Tavisi<br />
samZimari gamoTqva da gansvenebul-<br />
Tan urTierTobis epizodebi gaixsena.<br />
aSkarad Canda, rom baton miSikosTan<br />
mas axlo urTierToba akavSirebda.<br />
saubris bolos batonma gabrielma<br />
hkiTxa – Tqven, rogorc mamaCemis<br />
megobari, yvelaze metad mis romel<br />
Tvisebas afasebdiT? - me misi Tvisebebidan<br />
yvelaze metad sxvisi Wirvaramis<br />
gaziarebisa da TanagrZnobis<br />
unars gamovyofdio - iyo pasuxi.<br />
da marTlac, qarTvelma ebraelebma<br />
batoni miSiko imitom Seiyvares,<br />
imitom miaCndaT ase maxloblad da<br />
Zvirfasad, rom igi maTi upirvelesi<br />
mosarCle da gamkiTxavi iyo.<br />
gansvenebulis Sesaxeb am erTi<br />
wlis manZilze imdeni iTqva da daiwera,<br />
rom Znelia raime daamato. da,<br />
mainc, darwmunebuli var, rom saTqmeli<br />
jer kidev bevria. nebismieri met-naklebad<br />
Rirebuli ram, cxovrebiseuli<br />
movlena iqneba es Tu xelovnebis nimuSi,<br />
srulyofilad da amomwuravad<br />
rom Seafaso, cota ukan unda daixio<br />
da distanciidan dainaxo. asea batoni<br />
miSikos SemTxvevaSic...<br />
erT brZenkacs uTqvams: ‘’netavi<br />
imas, vinc ara marto Tavisi fizikuri<br />
yofniT gvawrTobs, aramed<br />
Tavisi saxelis xsenebiTaco. darwmunebuli<br />
var, didi miSiko mirilaSvilis<br />
saxelis xseneba yovelTvis<br />
gagviTbobs guls da imedis naperwkals<br />
Cagvifens sulSi.<br />
baton miSikos ori sazrunavi hqon-<br />
cocxali rCeba<br />
da da ori qveyana hyavda saTayvanod<br />
– yolam haze da yolam haba – dRevandeli<br />
qveyana da momavali qveyana, anu,<br />
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Cveni warmavali<br />
wuTisofeli da meore – maradiuli<br />
samyaro, sulTa sasufeveli;<br />
RmerTi ki erTi hyavda – adonai<br />
exad uSmo exad... yolam haze savsea<br />
xiluliTa da arxiluliT, sulieriT<br />
da xorcieliT; solomon brZenisa ar<br />
iyos, ‘’zogi sagania – Tu ar dainaxe,<br />
ver irwmuneb, zogi ki iseTia – Tu<br />
ar irwmune, ver dainaxav.’’ adamianis<br />
buneba erTsac eswrafvis da meoresac.<br />
netavi imas, vinc am or sasufevels<br />
Soris sicocxleSive debs SemaerTebel<br />
xids da marTalTa [cadikTa]<br />
adgils imkvidrebs mama-papaTa Zvirfas<br />
aCrdilebs Soris. aseT netarTa<br />
savanes SeuerTda gansvenebulis gasxivosnebuli<br />
suli.<br />
Cems mexsierebas dRemde SemorCa<br />
misi erT-erTi saaxalwlo mimarTva:<br />
‘’vimedovneb, rom momecema Zala Rirseulad<br />
vemsaxuro RmerTsac da kacsac.<br />
es ar iyo litoni sityvebi, aseTi<br />
gaxldaT misi cxovrebiseuli kredo,<br />
misi cxovrebis mizani _ RmerTis da<br />
kacis samsaxuri. amqveynad kacTaTvis<br />
msaxureba RmerTis msaxurebad miaCnda<br />
da piriqiT.<br />
marTlac rom Rirseulad galia<br />
Tavisi amqveyniuri yofa, icxovra ise,<br />
rom veravin ityvis - misma cxovrebam<br />
fuWad Caiarao. amis dasturia is<br />
sayovelTao glova, is alali cremli,<br />
romliTac Cvenma xalxma gaacila<br />
igi Tavis ukanasknel gzaze. igi xom<br />
mTeli sicocxle sul imis mcdelobaSi<br />
iyo, rom Tavisi cremliT<br />
unugeSosTvis cremli SeeSro, davrdomilisTvis<br />
Semweobis xeli gaewvdina,<br />
dacemuli aRedgina.<br />
Rirseuli kaci sikvdilis Semdegac<br />
cocxali rCeba!<br />
yose Salom bimromav hu iayase<br />
Salom yalenu veyal qol israel<br />
veimru amen!<br />
prof. merab sareli
4<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
sefer-Toris<br />
SebrZanebis<br />
zeimi<br />
aSdodSi<br />
bolo xanebSi qalaq aSdodis qarTul-ebrauli Temis saloca–<br />
vebSi gaxSirda sefer-Toris SebrZanebis SemTxvevebi. es mSvenieri<br />
tradicia fesaxis sadResaswaulo dReebSic grZeldeba.<br />
ebrauli sarwmunoebis mixedviT<br />
mSoblebis pativiscema da dafaseba<br />
- rogorc maT sicocxle-<br />
Si, ise sikvdilis Semdegac – umaRles<br />
Rirsebad iTvleba. raoden<br />
saamayo da amaRelvebelia, rom<br />
mamis gardacvalebidan 18 wlis<br />
Semdeg Svili aRasrulebs am uwmindes<br />
movaleobas da mamis neSamis<br />
mosamaRleblad sefer-Toras<br />
SeabrZanebs salocavSi!<br />
2 aprils aSdodSi salocav<br />
– midraS “ohel iosef”-Si, sadac<br />
xdeba rabinebis momzadeba<br />
da ebrauli kanonmdeblobis<br />
swavleba, gaimarTa didi saxalxo<br />
zeimi – qarTvel ebrael-<br />
Ta msoflio kongresis vice-prezidenti<br />
da aSdodSi religiuri<br />
moZraoba”or haxaim xai”-s prezidentma<br />
– ioseb mamisTvalovma –<br />
sefer-Tora SeabrZana mamis – gercel<br />
iosebis Ze mamisTvalovis – neSamis saxelze.<br />
ceremoniaze mowveuli iyvnen Temis Tavkacebi, rabinebi, reli–<br />
giuri kanonmdeblebi da sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebi. damswre<br />
jamaaTis SeZaxilebisa<br />
da xasiduri<br />
mxiaruli musikis<br />
TanxlebiT ioseb<br />
mamisTvalovi moabr-<br />
Zanebs umSvenieres<br />
sefer-Toras, uamrav<br />
xalxSi ikvlevs gzas<br />
da miemarTeba Tebisaken,<br />
sadac mas elodebian<br />
axlo megobrebi, na-<br />
Tesaoba – qarTvel ebraelTa msoflio kongresis prezidentis movaleobis<br />
Semsrulebeli gabriel mirilaSvili, rabi iakob gagulaSvili,<br />
israelisa da Temis mTavari rabinebi.<br />
sefer-Toris brwyinvale sxivebma ufro meti sixaruliTa da rwmenis<br />
sinaTliT aavses mSvenieri salocavis Semogareni – zustad es<br />
didi sixaruli da uCveulo sinaTle iyo dasturi saxelovani da<br />
Rvawlmosili mamis – gercel iosebis Ze mamisTvalovis – neSamis<br />
samaradiso aRiarebisa.<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
mixael<br />
mirilaSvili<br />
`zakas~<br />
rwmunebulTa<br />
sabWos<br />
Tavmjdomarea<br />
rogorc am bolo xanebSi gaxda cnobili, mixael mirilaSvili “zakas”<br />
(“zihui korbanoT ason” - ubeduri SemTxvevebis msxverplTa amocnoba)<br />
rwmunebulTa sabWos Tavmjdomared iqna arCeuli.<br />
“zaka israel” - nebayoflobiTi organizaciaa, romelic am oci wlis<br />
win daarsda iehuda meSi zahavis TaosnobiT. igi israelis policiasa<br />
da maSvelTa razmebs exmareba teroristuli aqtebis, avariebisa Tu<br />
sxva ubeduri SemTxvevebis msxverplTa amocnobaSi, sxeulis dafantuli<br />
nawilebis (zogjer sisxlis) Segrovebasa da transportirebaSi.<br />
misi, rogorc Rrmad morwmune ebraelTa gaerTianebis, mTavari mizania<br />
micvalebulTa gapatiosneba da ebrauli wesiT dakrZalva.<br />
“zakas” moxaliseni, samarTaldamcavi struqturebis paralelurad,<br />
sxva organizaciebTanac TanamSromloben (aseTia, mag., ‘’magen david adomi’’).<br />
imavdroulad isini samoqalaqo Tavdacvis wevrebic arian, rac maT<br />
ubedurebis adgilebze TavianTi movaleobis Sesasruleblad saWiro<br />
uflebebs aniWebs. “zakas” TanamSromlebi dakargulTa aRmoCenasa da<br />
maT gamoxsnaSic Rebuloben monawileobas rogorc israelSi, aseve saz-<br />
RvargareT.<br />
Cvenda samwuxarod, israelSi ar arsebobs adamiani, romlisTvisac<br />
ucnobia “zakas” wminda saqmianoba. mtkivneulia amisi aRiareba, magram<br />
realobas ver gaveqceviT: rac ufro didia teroristuli aqtebisa da<br />
ubeduri SemTxvevebis sixSire, miT ufro izrdeba ‘’zakas’’ saqmianobis<br />
intensivoba da, Sesabamisad, misi sazogadoebrivi rezonansi.<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi ubedurebis msxverplTa pirveli Wirisuflebi<br />
da dampatiosneblebi xom ‘’zakas’’ wevrebi arian. ramdenjer gvinaxavs<br />
teleekranze, rogori gulmodginebiTa da sasoebiT epyrobodnen<br />
teroristuli aqtebis msxverplT, darSi Tu avdarSi, roca ukve yvela<br />
tovebda ubeduri SemTxvevis adgils, isini rCebodnen, raTa daRupulTa<br />
sxeulis erTi nawilic ar daetovebinaT, eZebdnen da kedlebidan Tu<br />
asfaltidan fxekdnen jer kidev SeumSral sisxls, xorcis nafleTebs,<br />
rom mSobliuri miwisTvis miebarebinaT.<br />
“zakas” rCeuli moxaliseni, romelTac samedicino ganaTlebac aqvT,<br />
mzad arian, sul ramdenime saaTSi, msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi, humanitarul<br />
an israel-ebraul interesebTan dakavSirebul ubedurebis<br />
adgilze gasamgzavreblad. am organizacias sxvadasxva qveyanaSi hyavs<br />
Tavisi warmomadgenlebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso urTierTTanamSromlobisTvis<br />
zrunaven.<br />
“zakas” wevrebi yovelTvis iq arian, sadac maTi daxmarebaa saWiro:<br />
xomald “kolumbias” daRupvis Semdeg aSS-Si, mombasaSi, baliSi, tabasa<br />
da TurqeTSi momxdari teroristuli aqtebis, tailandSi cunamis, axal<br />
orleanSi qariSxal “katarinas”, kunZul fokeTze TviTmrinavis Camovardnis<br />
da sul cota xnis win haitiSi momxdari ubeduri SemTxvevebis<br />
dros - maT didi daxmareba gauwies adgilobriv samedicino da<br />
Tavdacvis organoebs.<br />
raoden didi rwmena, sulieri Zala da nebisyofaa saWiro aseTi<br />
samadlo saqmis gasakeTeblad. ramdeni Wirisuflis ukanaskneli nugeSi<br />
yofila is faqti, rom tragikulad daRupuli maTi sayvareli adamianis<br />
sxeuli yvav-yornebis sajijgnad ar qceuli am RvTismosavi adamianebis<br />
wyalobiT.<br />
amitom asmagad did siamayes gvaniWebs is faqti, rom aseT organizacias<br />
milioni Sekeli Seswira qarTvel ebraelTa msoflio kongresis<br />
pirveli prezidentis, didi qvelmoqmedisa da uebro pirovnebis, netarxsenebuli<br />
moSe (miSiko) mirilaSvilis ufrosma vaJma, Tavadac bevri<br />
didi sikeTis mTesvelma mixael mirilaSvilma.E<br />
guliTadad vulocavT b-n mixaels “zakas” rwmunebulTa sabWos<br />
Tavmjdomared arCevas da vusurvebT kidev mravali sasikeTo saqmis<br />
Taosnobas.<br />
moamzada cisana biniaSvilma
egviptidan<br />
egviptidan gamosvla<br />
(me-14 saukunis ucnobi avtori)<br />
karga xnis manZilze mecnierebs<br />
sarwmunod ar miaCndaT egviptis<br />
monobidan ebraelTa gamosvlis ambavi.<br />
zogierTi mkvlevari imasac ki<br />
amtkicebda, TiTqos Zveli welTaRricxvis<br />
meore aTaswleulSi saer-<br />
Tod ar arsebobda ebraeli xalxi.<br />
Tanaxis mixedviT, swored meore<br />
aTaswleulSi [ebrauli kalendriT]<br />
moxvdnen ebraelebi egviptis<br />
monobaSi. aseT mkvlevarTa misamarTiT<br />
erT-erTi germaneli istorikosi<br />
werda: “SeiZleba warmovidginoT,<br />
rom ama Tu im xalxma Tavis<br />
Tavs miaweros sanaqebo saqmeebi,<br />
magram veraviTar logikas ver vxedav<br />
imaSi, rom erma yovelgvari safuZvlis<br />
gareSe mogviTxros, rom<br />
maTi winaprebi monebad iyvnen ucxoeTSi”.<br />
kamaTi egviptidan gamosvlis<br />
utyuarobis irgvliv gamowveuli<br />
iyo imiT, rom im periodSi mecnierebs<br />
jer kidev ar gaaCndaT sa-<br />
Tanado dokumentacia, romelic Suqs<br />
mohfenda istoriul sinamdviles.<br />
da raki sxvadasxva xalxebis mematianeebi,<br />
arcTu iSviaTad, TavianT<br />
fantazias eyrdnobodnen, mecnirebs<br />
egonaT, rom cnobebi ebraelTa istoriiis<br />
Sesaxeb mxolod meocnebe-<br />
Ta SeTxzuli iyo.<br />
egviptologiis aRmocenebis<br />
Semdeg mdgomareoba Zireulad Seicvala.<br />
frangma egviptologma Sampolionma<br />
gaSifra Zvelegvipturi<br />
ieroglifebi da ebraelTa gamosvlis<br />
epizodebsac farda aexada. Aarqeologiurma<br />
gaTxrebma sinaTle<br />
mohfina miwaSi Camarxuli papirusebis<br />
saidumlos. magram axal<br />
aRmoCenebTan erTad Cndeboda axali<br />
problemebic: dasazustebeli<br />
iyo, Tu saxeldobr rodis gamovidnen<br />
ebraelebi egviptidan da vin<br />
iyo is faraoni romelmac ebraelebi<br />
gamouSva.<br />
es sakiTxi SedarebiT iolad gadaiWra,<br />
roca gamoCenilma egviptologma<br />
flinders petrim samxreT<br />
egviptis qalaq neve-amonSi aRmoaCina<br />
egviptelTa gamarjvebis obeliski,<br />
romelic aRmarTuli iyo faraon<br />
merneptahis mier, Zveli wel-<br />
TaRricxvis daaxloebiT 1230 wels.<br />
obeliski mogviTxrobs faraon<br />
merneptahis Zlevamosil laSqrobaze<br />
qanaanelTa winaaRmdeg: ‘’qanaani<br />
da mTeli misi ukeTuri mosaxleoba<br />
damorCilebulia, aSqeloni aRebulia,<br />
gezeri Cvens xelTaa, israeli<br />
ki mTlianad ganadgurebulia, misi<br />
kvalic aRar darCa.”<br />
es aris pirveli araebrauli<br />
Zegli, sadac israeli misi namdvili<br />
saxeliTaa naxsenebi, rac imas<br />
mowmobs, rom ukve 1230 wels Cvens<br />
welTaRricxvamde, ese igi msajul-<br />
Ta epoqis dasawyisSi, igi ukve cno-<br />
“yoveli Taobidan TaobaSi adamiani ise unda xedavdes<br />
sakuTar Tavs, TiTqos TviTon gamosuliyos egviptidan”.<br />
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, galuTidan gamosvlis procesi<br />
galuTidan israelSi gadasvliT, erTi xelis dakvriT<br />
ki ar xdeba, - is kulturul da mentalur gadasvlas<br />
moiTxovs.<br />
israelis Zeni egviptidan udabnoSi gadadian, udabnodan<br />
ki israelSi. galuTsa da israels Soris gardamavali etapia, rodesac<br />
israelis Svilebs egvipteSi dabruneba surT, galuTis sazamTroebi da yabayebi<br />
enatrebaT.<br />
yovelma Temma, romelic israelSi amovida, es gardamavali etapi unda<br />
gaiaros, magram sabolood jobs gaiTviTcnobieros, rom galuTidan gamodis<br />
da israelis qveyanaSi Sedis. umetes SemTxvevaSi ufros Taobas ujdeba es<br />
Zvirad, Torem israelSi dabadebulT da gazrdilT unari SeswevT israelad<br />
yofna arCion.<br />
saqarTvelos ebraeloba israelSi metwilad sionisturi miswrafebiT amovida<br />
da ara gaWirvebisa da devnis gamo.<br />
rabebi, miecaT Tu ara pirveli SesaZlebloba, rkinis fardis gaxsnisTanave<br />
amovidnen israelSi, rac erec israelSi ebrauli wesiT cxovrebis survilma<br />
ukarnaxaT.<br />
israelSi amosvliT saqarTvelos ebrauli Temi israelis aTeistur sazogadoebas<br />
gaecno. mamapapuri wes-Cveulebidan bevri ram nel-nela gaqra da<br />
maTi adgili aTeisturma kulturam daikava. qarTvelma ebraulma Temma Tavisi<br />
tradiciuloba dakarga. saqarTvelodan amosuli ebraelobis didi nawili<br />
koncentrirebuli iqna iseT qalaqebSi, rogoricaa aSdodi da lodi, risi wy-<br />
gamosvlis istoriuli aspeqtebi<br />
galuTidan gamosvla<br />
bili iyo da qanaanSi cxovrebasac<br />
sakmaod didi xnis istoria hqonda.<br />
rogorc Cans, merneptahma mar-<br />
Tlac dalaSqra qanaanis qalaqebi,<br />
magram rac Seexeba israelis mTlianad<br />
ganadgurebas, es mis TavSeukavebel<br />
fantazias unda mivaweroT...<br />
asea Tu ise, erTi ram cxadia: egviptidan<br />
gamosvla am TariRamde<br />
didi xniT adre unda momxdariyo,<br />
vinaidan qanaanSi ebraelebi egviptidan<br />
gamosvlis Semdeg damkvidrdnen.<br />
swavlulebi varaudoben, rom<br />
es moxda merneptahis mamis ramzes<br />
II mefobisas da TavianT mosazrebas<br />
zurgs umagreben frangi mecnieris<br />
– navilis gamokvlevebiT, romelic<br />
man am asi wlis win Caatara mdinare<br />
nilosis deltaSi. gaTxrebis<br />
Sedegad man aRmoaCina ori uZvelesi<br />
qalaqis naSTebi uzarmazari<br />
sawyobebiT. orive qalaqi agebulia<br />
faraon ramzes meoris epoqaSi.<br />
Nnavili miiCnevda, rom mis mier<br />
aRmoCenili qalaqebi iyo pitomi da<br />
ramzesi, romlebic ebraelebma auges<br />
faraons. TviT saxeli ramzesi<br />
TanaxSi orjeraa naxsenebi – bereSiTis<br />
47-e Tavis me-11 muxlSi da SemoTis<br />
pirveli Tavis me-11 muxlSi.<br />
arsebobs sxva dokumentebic, romlebic<br />
mogviTxroben, rom ramzes II<br />
xanaSi xapruebi iZulebuli iyvnen,<br />
sasaxleebi aegoT faraonisTvis;<br />
xapruebi ki – ebraelebi iyvnen. aqedan<br />
daskvna _ swored ramzes II ai-<br />
Zula ebraelebi monurad emuSavaT.<br />
misi mefobis dros ebraelebi gamovidnen<br />
egviptidan, xolo misi vaJiSvilis<br />
zeobisas isini ukve qanaanis<br />
mkvidri mosaxleni iyvnen. maS, rodisRa<br />
aages ebraelebma pitomi da<br />
ramzesi? saguldagulo gamokvlevebi<br />
adastureben, rom es Teoria ar<br />
Seesabameba arc Tanaxs da arc im<br />
epoqis sxva wyaroebs.<br />
Tanaxis mixedviT, pitomi da<br />
ramzesi Sendeboda monobis peri-<br />
5<br />
semk<br />
odis dasawyisSi da ara boloSi,<br />
uSualod egviptidan gamosvlis win.<br />
marTalia ramzes II mefoba Zalian<br />
xangrZlivi iyo da 65 weliwads<br />
moicavs, magram Znelia drois am<br />
monakveTSi CavtioT monobis xanis<br />
umetesi nawili, egviptidan gamosvla,<br />
ormoc weliwads udabnoSi xetiali,<br />
qveynis damorCileba da iq<br />
dasaxleba. ramzes meoris Svilis -<br />
merneptahis dros ki ebraelebi qanaanis<br />
mkvidri mosaxleebi iyvnen.<br />
ramzes II metad agresiuli faraoni<br />
iyo. igi xSirad eomeboda sirias<br />
da Tavs esxmoda qanaanis miwas, -<br />
daamarcxa amoreelebi, libanis<br />
qedebze rom cxovrobdnen, daimor-<br />
Cila sidonis qalaqebi, bolos Sevida<br />
beT-SeanSi da Tavis Tavs daudga<br />
Zegli baSanis miwaze. aseTi mZlavri<br />
dampyroblis periodSi mecnierebs<br />
ebraelebis egviptidan gamosvla<br />
saeWvod miaCniaT. aseT versias Toris<br />
qronologiac ewinaaRmdegeba.<br />
‘’mefeTa’’ mesame wignSi laparakia<br />
mefe Selomos gamefebis meoTxe<br />
weliwadze, taZris kurTxevaze da<br />
aRniSnulia: “israelis ZeTa egviptidan<br />
gamosvlidan 480 wlis Semdeg<br />
daiwyo man RvTisaTvis taZris<br />
ageba”. teqstis Tanaxmad, egviptidan<br />
gamosvla moxda meTxuTmete saukunis<br />
bolo aTwleulSi Cvens eramde.<br />
am monacemebze dayrdnobiT, Segvi-<br />
Zlia vivaraudoT, rom ebraelebi<br />
egviptidan gamovidnen faraon TuTmos<br />
meoTxis dReebSi, romlis mefobac<br />
xanmokle iyo. TuTmosis Semdeg<br />
mefobdnen faraonebi – amenxotep<br />
mesame da amenxotep meoTxe.<br />
arc erTs da arc meores qanaanis<br />
ambebi ar ainteresebda. amitom,<br />
maTi mefobis periodSi ebraelebis<br />
mier qanaanis teritoriis dapyroba<br />
savsebiT sarwmunoa.<br />
Tamar kezeraSvili<br />
alobiTac maT Semoinaxes Temuri saTburi da israelobisken veRar gaikafes<br />
gza.<br />
israelis sazogadoebasTan gaTqvefis SesaZlebloba dakavSirebulia axalgazrda<br />
Taobis unarTan, ufro Rrmad Cawvdes iudaizmis safuZvlebs da erec<br />
israelSi Cveni cxovrebis mniSvnelobac gaisigrZeganos.<br />
Cven iudaizmTan Serwymul ebraelebad unda viqceT, pativi vceT mis tradicias,<br />
gavicnoT misi fesvebi, madloba vuTxraT Cvens mSoblebs, romlebic<br />
pirvelebi amovidnen israelSi da gardamavali Taobis niSa itvirTes.<br />
dRes, roca me Cveni Temis SvilebTan Sesaxvedrad mivdivar, romlebic amayoben<br />
imiT, rom maT israelis parlamentSi TavianTi warmomadgeneli hyavT, mniSvnelovnad<br />
mimaCnia vuTxra maT – me qarTveli ebraeli Temis amayi qaliSvili<br />
var, magram aRzrda-ganaTleba religiuri sionizmis saswavlebelSi miviRe, iq<br />
Camoyalibda Cemi ideologiuri gza. imis wyalobiT, rom Cemi mSoblebi rexovoTSi<br />
gadavidnen sacxovreblad, sadac qarTuli ebrauli Temi kompaqturad ar<br />
aris dasaxlebuli, israelis religiur garemoSi gavizarde da ideologiuri<br />
msoflmxedveloba religiuri sionisturi aRzrda-ganaTlebiT gaviRrmave.<br />
Cemi mrwamsi Camoyalibda Tel-avivis ulfanSi, ieruSalaimisa da bar-ilanis<br />
iudaizmis seminarebze, rexovoTSi, rabebis mier Catarebul Toris gakveTilebze,<br />
sadac israelTan kavSiris uwyvetelobisa da israelis qveynis dacvis<br />
mniSvnelobas maswavlidnen, roca aSS-sa da samxreT afrikaSi viyavi wargzavnili<br />
da israelis masmediaSi CaverTe. Cveni vinaobis garkvevis gareSe, Cvens<br />
fesvebTan kavSiris gareSe, verafers veweviT, fizikurad israelSi viqnebiT,<br />
magram sulierad galuTis samyaroSi gavagrZelebT cxovrebas.<br />
visac hgonia, rom Temis siamaye mxolod qarTuli folkloris, cekvebis,<br />
da simRerebis Semonaxvaa, is israelis mentalobaSi gvian an saerTodac ver<br />
Seva. fesaxis dResaswaulis damdegs me vloculob, rom gveRirsos galuTidan<br />
gamosvla, xolo rac mTavaria, gamoviyvanoT Cvengan galuTi da namdvil<br />
israelebad viqceT.<br />
cifi xotoveli<br />
israelis qneseTis wevri
6<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
Tavisuflebis ukvdavi gakveTili<br />
nisani da iari _ Zvelebrauli kalendris es sakraluri<br />
Tveebi _ gansakuTrebuli azriT aris aRbeWdili Cveni xalxis<br />
cnobierebaSi. gazafxulis es ulamazesi dro, rodesac zamTris<br />
tyveobidan daxsnili da gamarjvebuli buneba irgvliv sicocxlesa<br />
da Tavisufal nebas amkvidrebs, _ imTaviTve sxvadasxva mi-<br />
Tologiur warmodgenas daukavSirda da Zveli xalxebis misteriebsa da sakulto dResaswaulebSi<br />
gajerda. swored am dros, anu, rogorc ToraSia naTqvami, nisanis Tvis meTxuTmete dRes, daiwyo<br />
egviptidan Cveni gamosvla _ tyvedqmnili xalxis ganTavisuflebis da erad dadginebis diadi epopea,<br />
romelic, ager ukve meoTxe aTaswleulia, aTasgvari legendiTa Tu gadmocemiT asazrdoebs Cveni<br />
xalxis fantazias; magram am legendebs realur cxovrebaSi Tavisi gagrZelebac aqvs: 1948 wels, drois<br />
amave monakveTSi _ iaris Tvis mexuTe dRes _ gamocxadda israelis damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Seqmna.<br />
es aris, ase vTqvaT, Jami meored gamosvlisa, rodesac oriaTaswliani galuTis RameSi CanTqmuli<br />
ebraeloba feniqsiviT aRdga da qveynierebis oTxiv kuTxidan arnaxuli aRtkinebiT daiZra aRTqmuli<br />
miwisaken. am ori TariRis urTierTkavSirSi, roca drosa da sivrceSi ase daSorebuli movlenebi<br />
TiTqmis sruli analogiiT imeoreben erTmaneTs, dRevandeli israelis mkvidrni raRac Rrma da Sefarul<br />
azrs vdebT, raSic TiTqos TvalnaTliv gacxadda Cveni istoriis saocari memkvidreobiToba.<br />
da kidev erTi; damoukideblobis dResaswauls win uZRvis erovnuli katastrofis, anu xsovnis dRe.<br />
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es aris dRe eris istoriuli mexsierebisa. xsovna da mexsiereba ki, rogorc<br />
cnobilia, Toris erT-erTi umTavresi postulatia, rac mravalmxriv gansazRvravs Cveni yofierebis<br />
azrs; kacobriobis bavSvobidan gamoxmobili miTi Tu enigma sadReisod, Cveni mowifulobis Jams, axlebur<br />
datvirTvas iZens, TiTqos erTdeba warsuli da awmyo da sruliad sxvagvar, zedroul ganzomilebaSi<br />
gadadis droTa sakraluri kavSiri.<br />
’ ’ ” ” ””arc erT ers ar gamouvlia imdeni<br />
satanjveli da wameba, ramdenic<br />
ebraelTa ers Tavs gadahxdenia. Aam<br />
odesmeDdidebuls da saxelganTqmuls<br />
ers bedma xelidan gamosxlita sam-<br />
Soblo da TviTmyofadoba da ganabnia<br />
igi mTels dedamiwis zurgze, CaaTesla<br />
ucxo qveynebSi, sadac ebraelebs<br />
moeloda yovelgvari tanjva da<br />
wvaleba,”’ ’ _ wers ilia WavWavaZe 1886<br />
wels ebrauli sakiTxisadmi miZRvnil<br />
Tavis erT-erT statiaSi. Ddiax, tanjva<br />
da wvaleba TiTqos odiTganve daebeda<br />
am uZveles ers. jer kidev kacobriuli<br />
civilizaciis gariJraJze bedma arguna<br />
ebraelebs egvipteSi oTxaswliani tyveoba,<br />
romlis gaxseneba axlac zaravs<br />
yovel morwmune iudevels. Yyovelwliurad,<br />
‘ ’fesaxis’ ’ dResaswaulze, im<br />
duxWiri wlebis mosagonrad xelSi<br />
aiRebs ebraeli xmiads (‘ ’macas)’ ’ ] da sevdiani<br />
xmiT waigalobebs: ‘ ’”ese ars puri<br />
tanjulobisa, romelsa sWamdnen mamani<br />
Cveni egvipteSi.”‘ ’ am ritualis daniSnulebaa<br />
_ momaval Taobebs Seaxsenos<br />
monobidan gamoxsnis saocari ambavi.<br />
Mmorwmune ebraeli igonebs ZvelTuZveles<br />
bibliur gadmocemas da istoria<br />
am wuTebSi misTvis raRac Sori da<br />
ganyenebuli cneba ki ar aris, aramed<br />
cxadi da xelSesaxebi realoba, romlis<br />
uCveulo da dramatul koliziebSi<br />
TiTqos TviTonac monawileobs:<br />
‘ ’”mamebisagan Svilebs, Taobidan Taobebs<br />
gadaecema ambavi egviptidan gamosvlisa,<br />
rogorc piradad gancdili Tavgadasavali,<br />
romlis daviwyebac SeuZlebelia”’<br />
’ _ gvamcnobs ebrauli sibrZne,<br />
romelsac zurgs umagrebs bibliuri<br />
Segoneba, yovladZlierma RmerTma rom<br />
ukarnaxa udabnoSi daZrul ebraelebs:<br />
”‘ ’gaxsovdes egviptidan Seni gamosvlis<br />
DRRe!’ ’”<br />
***<br />
rogorc Talmudisturi tradicia<br />
ganmartavs, yoveldRe, roca ki<br />
ebraelebi TavianT sjulis wigns<br />
Caxedaven, maT iseTi SegrZneba aqvT,<br />
TiTqos swored ‘ ’ ‘ ’”am dRes movidnen<br />
isini udabnoSi’ ’‘ ’” ([SemoT, 19)],<br />
‘ ’”U’<br />
’am dRes‘ ’”’ ’ _ amJamad, da ara romeliRac<br />
istoriul warsulSi. ase<br />
iyo yvelgan _ galuTis qveynebSi, ase<br />
iyo saqarTveloSic... ‘ ’”‘ ’amaRamis Ramesa‘ ’”’ ’<br />
_ fesaxis pirveli Ramis dadgomisTanave<br />
wamoiwyebda galobas sederis<br />
magidasTan dabrZanebuli babuaCemi da<br />
hyveboda moSes dabadebisa da cxovrebis<br />
uCveulo ambebs _ Tu varskvlavTmricxvelTa<br />
winaswarmetyvelebiT afo-<br />
piri ibruna moSem da Camovida mTidan,<br />
xelSi ori fiqali eWira... (SemoT 32,15).<br />
riaqebulma faraonma rogor gamoscada<br />
axlad dabadebuli moSe, rogor<br />
daudga win ori gobi _ erTi oqroebiT,<br />
meore ki gavarvarebuli nakver-<br />
CxlebiT savse _ imis molodinSi Tu<br />
saiT waiRebda axalSobili xels, rom<br />
amis mixedviT gadaewyvita misi bedi:<br />
Tu bavSvi oqros waetaneboda, es ukve<br />
misi Wkuis maniSnebeli iyo, Wkviani<br />
araegvipteli ki, qurumTa CagonebiT,<br />
saSiSroebas moaswavebda Zlevamosili<br />
faraonisTvis... marTlac, rogor<br />
waiRo Cvilma xeli oqrosaken, magram<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
"rom uambo Sens Svils da SvilTaSvils,<br />
rogor gavuswordi egviptes<br />
da ra saswaulebi movuvline mas..."<br />
SemoT<br />
bolo wuTs ufalma rogor warmoagzavna<br />
Tavisi angelozi, romelmac mxarze<br />
frTa gahkra axalSobils da xeli<br />
naRverdlisken uqcia. mere tkivilis-<br />
gan gamwarebulma bavSvma umal rogor<br />
itaka pirSi damwvari TiTebi da ena<br />
daifufqa, ris gamoc mTeli cxovreba<br />
enabrgvnili iyo... hyveboda babuaCemi da<br />
nel-nela, Cvenda uneburad, im Soreuli<br />
ambebis Tanamonawileebad gvxdida.<br />
ase gveCveneboda, rom misgan moyolil<br />
ambebs raRac ucxo da uCveulo na-<br />
Teli adga, romelsac TiTqos yvelani<br />
vinawilebdiT... egviptidan gamosvlis<br />
ambavi rom daiwyeboda babua bavSvebs<br />
gareT gagviZaxebda da Cvenc viTom im-<br />
Jamindeli movlenebis imitirebas vax-<br />
dendiT: karze davakakunebdiT, vin xar-<br />
To _ rom gamogvZaxebdnen, _ israelis<br />
Svilebi varT-Tqo, _ gavepasuxebodiT<br />
da Cveni ebraelobis dasturad<br />
Cvens damilavebul “ >(winadacveTil)<br />
nawils moviSveliebdiT; gagviRebdnen<br />
kars, isev sadResaswaulo trapezTan<br />
dagvsxamdnen da xmiadebiTa da sasusnavebiT<br />
gvimaspinZldebodnen...<br />
“”ebraul dResaswaulTa galereaSi<br />
fesaxi yvelaze erovnul dResaswauladaa<br />
miCneuli da Tavisi FfesvebiT yvelaze<br />
ufro metad exeba kacobriobis<br />
wminda warsuls, vidre msoflios erTa<br />
romelime sxva Cveuleba an rituali.<br />
Qqveyniereba ise gamoicvala, rom Znelia<br />
misi cnoba, xalxebi daWknen da gauCinardnen,<br />
istoriul asparezze adgili<br />
dauTmes axal xalxebs, horizonti gafarTovda,<br />
TiTqos sicarielisgan aRmocenda<br />
materikebi, bunebis arnaxuli<br />
Zalebi movidnen adamianis dasaxmareblad,<br />
misi cxovrebis Sesacvlelad, _<br />
DA<br />
da mxolod es xalxi darCa xeluxlebeli<br />
imTaviTve, erTguli Tavisi Tavisa,<br />
da Rrmad inaxavs gulSi xsovnas<br />
tanjul winaprebze. igi winandeburad<br />
loculobs Tavis maradiul RmerTze,<br />
imave sityvebiT, romlebiTac loculobda<br />
aTasi wlis winaT _ tyveobisa<br />
da Tavisuflebis eri, eri israelisa!”<br />
[(beniamin zeev hercli]...”)<br />
***<br />
“ ’ ”‘ ’oTxi madlis gamo gamoiyvana<br />
RmerTma ebraelebi egviptidan: TavianT<br />
saxelebs rom ar isxvaferebdnen, enas<br />
rom ar icvlidnen, saidumloebas rom<br />
ar gaTqvamdnen da abraamis aRTqmas<br />
[(‘ ’”‘ ’briT mila”)‘ ’ ’ ’ ] rom ar auqmebdnen”‘ ’ ’ ’ _<br />
vkiTxulobT rabinuli literaturis<br />
erT-erT ZeglSi. rogorc vxedavT, sakuTari<br />
enisa da erovnuli TavisTavadobis<br />
Senaxva yvelaze RvTiur madladaa<br />
Seracxili Talmudis avtorTa<br />
mier. ‘ ’ ”‘ ’egvipteSi yofnisas ebraelebi<br />
erT adgilas ikribebodnen da erTi<br />
ojaxiviT cxovrobdnen; maT fici dades,<br />
rom erTmaneTs mxarSi amoudgebodnen<br />
da wmindad Seinaxavdnen patriarqebis<br />
aRTqmas, ar daiviwyebdnen winaparTa<br />
enas da ar ilaparakebdnen egvipturad,<br />
raTa ar daewyoT kerpTayvaniscemloba,”‘<br />
’ ’ ’ _ gvamcnobs meore werilobi-<br />
Ti Zegli.<br />
***<br />
ormoci weli daatarebda moSe<br />
sjulmdebeli egviptidan daZrul<br />
ebraelebs, ormoci weli modioda<br />
ltolvili xalxi aRTqmuli qveynisaken,<br />
modioda tanjviTa da drtvinviT<br />
_ udabnos qarsa da almurSi. oTxaswliani<br />
tyveobis Semdeg es iyo ebraeli<br />
xalxis pirveli Sexeba TavisuflebasTan<br />
da, SesaZlebelia, Tavisuflebamowyurebuli<br />
sulis yvelaze didi<br />
Zalisxmeva mTeli kacobriobis istoriaSi.<br />
Hhaines moswrebuli Tqmisa ar<br />
iyos, ”israelebis egviptidan gamosvlis<br />
Semdeg sityva ””Tavisufleba”’ ’<br />
msoflios yvela enaze ebrauli aqcentiT<br />
warmoiTqmis...”<br />
***<br />
rac Seexeba udabnoSi gamosvlas da<br />
iq ormocwlian xetials, Tanaxis mogviano<br />
komentatorTa azriT, esec friad<br />
sakraluri da Rrmaazrovani aqtia: vidre<br />
adamiani yoveldRiuri saqmeebisgan<br />
ar ganitvirTeba da mosawyen yofiTobas<br />
ar ganerideba, vidre udabnoSi ar<br />
gaiWreba, rogorc Zveli meudabnoeni<br />
da winaswarmetyvelni sCadiodnen amas,<br />
_ igi mzad ar aris diadi misiis aRsas
‘ ’<br />
‘<br />
‘<br />
‘ ’<br />
‘ ’<br />
’ ]<br />
’ ‘<br />
’ ”<br />
‘<br />
‘<br />
’<br />
‘<br />
’ ’ ] ‘<br />
‘<br />
’<br />
’<br />
ruleblad. Aase rom, rogorc ZvelTa- miiRon Toris moZRvreba, Seikran erT napoleons Turme Cvevad hqonda,<br />
ganve uTqvamT, gza aRTqmuli qveynisak- mTlian erad, brZoliT daiZran qanaani- saRamoobiT Raribuli samoseli gaen<br />
udabnoze gadis...<br />
sken, daamxon ieriqonis galavnebi, damdaecva da ase SeniRbuli gamosuli-<br />
***<br />
kvidrdnen mamapapeul miwaze, SeqmnanN yo qalaqis quCebSi. seirnobisas Turme<br />
rogorc ukve iTqva, fesaxis erTi israelianTa mZlavri samefo, arnaxul ebraul ubnebsac miakiTxavda xolme.<br />
umTavresi atributia saritualo tra- simaRleze aiyvanon Zveli aRmosavle- erT saRamos, Cveulebisamebr gamosupezi,<br />
anu ’”sederi”,’ rac ebraulad wes- Tis sityviereba, misi filosofiurli, Sevida ebraul ubanSi da, misda<br />
rigs niSnavs. erTi SexedviT, aq TiTqos poeturi kultura, naxon didebisa da gasaocrad, iqauroba dacarielebuli<br />
SeusabamobasTan unda gvqondes saqme, dacemis, aRzevebisa da damdablebis daxvda. Eezo-saxlebSic Seixeda, magram<br />
radgan fesaxi Tavisuflebis dResas- wlebi.<br />
yvela kari gamoketili iyo. Kkarga xnis<br />
waulia, Tavisuflebis stiqia ki jer ki isini almodebul udabno- Zebnisa da gamokiTxvis Semdeg Turme<br />
Znelad hguobs pirobiTobebsa da Sez- Si arian da drtvinviTa da tanjviT sinagogas miadga, fexakrefiT Seipa-<br />
Rudvebs. magram brZeni rabinebi gvmoZ- miikvleven gzas qanaanis aRTqmuli ra SenobaSi da saocari sanaxaobis<br />
Rvraven: Tavisuflebac aris da Tavisu- miwisaken.<br />
mowme Seiqna: mTeli qalaqis ebraelflebac;<br />
adamianma SeiZleba borkilebi maTi winamZRolis Rvawli da Seoba, rogorc erTi, miwaze garTxmuli-<br />
daamsxvrios, cixis kedeli gamoangrios marTeba SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT yo da godebda. Nnapoleons gakvirvebiT<br />
da gareT gamosulma Tavi Tavisuflad Zveli saqarTvelos mkvidrT. Aai, ras ukiTxavs _ aseTi ra ubedureba dagaty-<br />
warmoidginos, magram, rogorc guSin- vkiTxulobT ’”qarTlis cxovrebaSi’ ’:” daT Tavs, ase mwared rom glovobTo! _<br />
delma monam da boganom, mainc ver Sei- ’”Semdgom amisa movida ambavi, vi- nabuqodonosorisgan da vespasianesgan<br />
grZnos WeSmariti Tavisuflebis xi- Tarmed mosem ganvlo zRva israelTa... iavarqmnil ieruSalaims davtiriTo, _<br />
bli, radgan Tavisufleba socialuri da gahkvirdnen yovelni da yovelTa upasuxia erT-erT uxucess. rogor Tu<br />
statusi rodia, igi, uwinares yovli- warmarTTa aqes RmerTi israelTa...” ieruSalaims _ kidev ufro gahkvirvesa,<br />
pirovnebis Sinagani mdgomareobaa. es RmerTi ki, bibliis mixedviT, bia imperators. maSin Turme rabinma,<br />
namdvili Tavisufleba mxolod maSin pirvelad xorebis mTasTan, mayvlov- romelsac oriaTaswliani sevda Cas-<br />
ikidebs fexs, roca adamiani gaiazrebs anSi gamoecxada moSes:<br />
dgomoda TvalebSi, Sexeda am ugunur<br />
Tavisi arsebobis mizans da daisax- ”gamoecxada uflis angelozi cecx- araebraels (goi)] da wvrilad auwya<br />
avs gzas, romliTac surs iaros _ ara lis alad Suagul mayvlovanSi. xe- taZris dangrevis odindeli istoria.<br />
iZulebiT, aramed sakuTari sulisa da<br />
nebis karnaxiT. kaci, romelsac ara aqvs<br />
Tavisi saxe da ara swams Tavisi Rmer-<br />
Ti, mainc monad rCeba, gindac saerTod<br />
ar hyavdes mbrZanebeli da zedamxedveli.<br />
es _ Tavisufleba ki ara _ misi<br />
profanaciaa, romelic ganukiTxaobas<br />
da anarqiasTan ufroa wilnayari.<br />
ai, amitom Tu daaweses brZenma Talmudistebma<br />
’sederis’ rituali, rogorc<br />
miniSneba wesrigisa da TviTdisciplinis<br />
aucileblobaze, rac WeSmariti Tavisuflebis<br />
winapirobaa.<br />
“***<br />
roca ebraelebi egviptidan gamovidnen,<br />
ukve Rirsi iyvnen imisa, rom sakuTari<br />
moZRvreba [(‘ ’Tora)’ HhqonodaT, _<br />
gvauwyebs Talmudi, _ magram ufals<br />
ubrZanebia: _ jerac Cemi Svilebi ferze<br />
ver mosulan, sul axlaxan daaRwies<br />
Tavi kirisa da alizis tyveobas, bevri<br />
maTgani daxeibrebulia da daavadmyofebuli,<br />
da sapyar-saxiCari xalxi Toris<br />
moZRvrebas ver aiTvisebso. ufalma<br />
ubrZana Tavis msaxur-angelozebs,<br />
gadmomxdariyvnen cidan da ganekurnaT<br />
sneuli xalxi: ”‘ ’dae, jer momjobindnen,<br />
suli moiTqvan, datkbnen ciuri mananiT,<br />
wyaros wyliTa da mwyerCitebiT da<br />
Semdeg eziaron Toris moZRvrebas...””<br />
albaT, sacnauri unda iyos am<br />
TqmulebaSi Camarxuli azri: raime moZ-<br />
Rvreba da ideologia mxolod Tavisufalma,<br />
sulierad da fizikurad srulyofilma<br />
xalxma unda miiRos. sxvagvarad<br />
gardauvalia, dRevandeli terdavs,<br />
cecxli ukidia mayvlovans, ma- Aam ambiT gaognebul napoleons uTqminologiiT<br />
rom vTqvaT, e. w. ”‘ ’ideologiuri<br />
gadaxrebi...”‘<br />
fesaxi. me-15 saukunis miniatura<br />
***<br />
gram ar iwvis mayvlis buCqi. vams: ’”WeSmaritad maradiuli eri xarT<br />
rogorc cnobilia, aRTqmul miwamde Tqva moSem: mival da vnaxav am Tqven, ori aTasi wlis uwindel ambavs<br />
ver miaRwia egvipteSi tyvednamyof- didebul sanaxavs, ratom ar iwvis guSindeliviT rom ganicdiTo...”<br />
ma xalxma; TviT moSe winamZRvaric ver mayvlovani...”<br />
am legendaSi Rrmad simboluri az-<br />
eRirsaA ’”rZisa da Taflis” qveyanaSi’ Tanaxis am epizodma mogvianebiT ria gacxadebuli.<br />
Sesvlas. Mmxolod udabnoSi, Tavisu- alegoriuli datvirTva miiRo, xolo WeSmaritebaa, rom yoveli adamiflebaSi<br />
Sobilma Taobam SeaRwia is- cecxlmodebuli buCqi ebraeli xalxis ani, uwinares yovlisa, mis Tanadroul<br />
raelis wilxvedr qveyanaSi; xolo or- simbolod aRibeWda momdevno Taobebis yofaSia CarTuli da dRevandeli,<br />
mocwlian xetialSi daRupuli modg- cnobierebaSi:<br />
zogjer umniSvnelo ambavic ki, ufro<br />
ma ’”udabnos Taobis”’ (”‘ ’dor hamidbar”)’ ’RmerTma moSes imitom aCvena alm- metad aforiaqebs Cvens cnobierebas,<br />
saxeliT moinaTla da amave saxelodebuli buCqi, rom mieniSnebina: ”ai, vidre aTasi wlis winandeli Tundac<br />
wodebiT damkvidrda istoriaSi... rogorc es buCqi ar iwvis, Tumca cecx- umniSvnelovanesi omebi, anu, rogorc<br />
***<br />
li ukidia, ise ver gaanadgurebs mteri homerosi ityoda, ’”yvelaze metad is<br />
ocdaeqvsi saukune! Mmeeqvse saukune israelis Svilebs.”’<br />
simRera itacebs kacis guls, romelic<br />
Cvens welTaRricxvamde...<br />
aseTia Talmudis komentari... axladgardaxdil ambebs mogviTxrobs.”’<br />
magram aqamde ebraelebs didi istoriuli<br />
gza aqvT gasavleli, _ unda<br />
***<br />
arsebobs gadmocema:<br />
ebraelTa mimarT, rogorc vxedavT,<br />
es WeSmariteba ar gamarTlda, rad-<br />
7<br />
semk<br />
gan maT yurTasmenas, Tanadroul mejlisebze<br />
metad, im dafdafis xmebi itacebda,<br />
romlis hangebze aRtkinebulma<br />
miriamma icekva mewamul zRvaze gadmosvlisas<br />
am samiaTas oTxasi wlis<br />
winaT. saamisod isini saukunoebrivma<br />
gamocdilebam Seamzada, raki imTaviTve<br />
yurad iRes mamaTa brZnuli Segoneba:<br />
‘ ’”yovel TaobaSi ebraelma sakuTar<br />
Tavs ise unda Sexedos, TiTqos igi Tvi-<br />
Ton gamovida egviptidan.’ ’”<br />
vin icis, aseTma memkvidreobiTobam<br />
gansazRvra kidec ebraelTa istoriis<br />
uCveulo qronometraJi...<br />
***<br />
axla movisminoT nawyveti erTi<br />
qarTuli romanidan, romlis avtori,<br />
Soreuli arqetipebis Ziebisas, saku-<br />
Tari gvaris genealogias Cahyveba da<br />
romeliRac istoriul SreebSi Tavisi<br />
winapris gaqvavebul lands waawydeba:<br />
”575 weli. Tve ivlisi. Ggardaicvala<br />
Tavadi irubaq irubaqiZe. Tavisi gvari<br />
qaldeidan gamohyavda. sityva ”‘ ’irubaq”’ ’<br />
qaldeuri Zirisaa... Tavadi iyo axovani<br />
tanad, lamazi Tvalad. cxviri hqonda<br />
orbuli, Subli _ Ria da maRali... kacis<br />
iqiT ixedeboda orWofuli mzeriT.<br />
Hhqonda naTeli. icoda saidumlo swavlani.<br />
sakuTriv _ mose da piTagor. Uuyvarda<br />
ufro mose. iyo suliT ficxeli<br />
da guliT Cvili: rogorc mose. xSirad<br />
uTqvams: ar aris xilva unaTlesi sinaisa.<br />
ar aris gaxeleba uficxelesi mcnebaTa<br />
dafis damsxvrevisa. Aar aris xalxis<br />
daurveba uZlieresi ormoci wlis<br />
udabnoSi xetialisa. Aar aris wyevla<br />
usaSinelesi israelisa... ar aris<br />
naRveli umZafresi aRTqmul qveynis<br />
arxilvisa da verxilvisa... icoda enebi:<br />
hebrauli da berZnuli. bevrjer<br />
uTqvia: RmerTebs marto hebrauliT<br />
Tu daelaparakebi. Rimils mis saxeze<br />
wlobiT ver naxulobdnen. cremli mis<br />
Tvalze aravis unaxavs; magram amboben:<br />
xSirad bavSvebi naxvretiT Seixedavdnen<br />
mis oTaxSi, naxulobdnen: igi<br />
stiroda. Ees xdeboda didi gaxarebis<br />
Jams. sTxzavda leqsebs. sul moseze<br />
mReroda...” (grigol robaqiZe)<br />
***<br />
PPPP.S.:<br />
aseTia, zogadad, egviptidan<br />
gamosvlis dResaswauli, romelic<br />
tradiciuli TvalsazrisiT, dResac<br />
grZeldeba. ‘ ’”ufalo RmerTo, Semoqmedo<br />
saswaulebisa mas Jamsa Sina da<br />
Cvens dReebSi”’ ’ _ gvamcnobs Zvelebrauli<br />
locva da alegoriulad migvaniSnebs,<br />
rom ‘ ’mas Jamsa Sina’ ’ momxdari<br />
saswauli erTjeradi aqti ki ar aris,<br />
aramed adamianis, rogorc srulyofis<br />
gzaze Semdgari individis, mudmivi<br />
swrafva da Zalisxmeva.<br />
diax, egviptidan gamosvlis saswauli<br />
dResac grZeldeba.<br />
cxadia, am konteqstSi saxeldobr<br />
arc mxolod egvipte moiazreba da arc<br />
mxolod egviptidan ltolvili Cveni<br />
winaprebi.<br />
aq ufro zogad da universalur<br />
kategoriebzea laparaki.<br />
Tavisuflebis SegrZneba ki, Sesa-<br />
Zloa, Cveni cxovrebis mudmiv Tanamdevad<br />
gavixadoT, imisda mixedviT Tu<br />
rogor amJRavnebs esa Tu is pirovneba<br />
Tu eri saamiso nebas Tu sulier<br />
mzaobas...<br />
jemal ajiaSvili
8<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
safesaxo samzadisi suramSi<br />
Canaxati<br />
saqarTvelos ebraul dasaxlebebSi safesaxo samzadisi gansakuT–<br />
rebuli aRmavlobiT mimdinareobda, magram erT ramed Rirda suramis<br />
ebraelobis yureba am periodSi. Rarib-Rataksa da metismeti jafiT welmowyvetil<br />
ebraels aviwydeboda yvela sadardeli, misi azri da goni<br />
mxolod erTi sazrunaviT iyo dakavebuli – safesaxod “xamezi” ar darCenoda<br />
saxlSi da araferi mokleboda mis mravalricxovan jalabs!..<br />
saerTod, safesaxo samzadisi furimis dResaswaulis gasvlis Semdeg<br />
iwyeba, magram suramlebi bevrad ufro adre iWerdnen Tadarigs. marTalia,<br />
Raribebi iyvnen, magram erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis grZnoba uflebas<br />
ar aZlevdaT xeldakrefilni yofiliyvnen. fesaxi maTi gagebiT bevrad<br />
imaze meti iyo vidre dResaswauli!..<br />
jer kidev zamTris didTovlianobisas, sakvirao bazrobis dros gamoefinebodnen<br />
gareT da axlomaxlo soflebidan momaval glexebs xvdebodnen,<br />
rom kbili moesinjaT maTi frinvelisTvis da gadaewvitaT, Rirda Tu<br />
ara misi yidva da safesaxod Senaxva. siqaSres yovelTvis icavdnen, magram<br />
amjerad sagangebod usinjavdnen siciviT galurjebul frinvels kanis<br />
fers, frTebsa da kidurebs. orive xelSi daiWerdnen da zeviT-qveviT aTamaSebdnen,<br />
raTa safesaxod gankuTvnili batis, qaTmisa Tu indauris xmac<br />
gaegonaT, da raki sabolood darwmundebodnen maT vargisianobaSi, mxolod<br />
amis Semdeg Tu gadauxdidnen yinvisagan kbilebawakwakebul da<br />
moTminebidan gamosul glexs fuls.<br />
mas Semdeg, rac moimaragebdnen saklavs, SearCevdnen binis romelime<br />
myudro kuTxes, mouTbobdnen, ramdenadac es SeeZloT da Tadarigs<br />
iWerdnen maT gasasuqeblad. albaT arc erT Sinaur frinvels ar rgebia<br />
wilad esoden mefuri movla, kveba da mofereba, rogorsac es svebednieri<br />
frinvelebi iRebdnen fesaxis Semosvlamde. Tumca, umadurobas verc<br />
maT daswamebdiT, – yovel dilas Tbil-Tbili kvercxebiT ajildoebdnen<br />
mzrunvel patrons.<br />
ase gadioda dro da Tebervlis yvelaze civsa da qarbuqian TveSi dgeboda<br />
beSalaxis dResaswauli; surameli ebraelebi am dRes “korkotobasa”<br />
da “Svidferobas” eZaxdnen. ai, maSin ki iwyeboda sabeSalaxod Semonaxuli<br />
Cirisa da murabebis gamomzeureba! beSalaxis SabaT saRamos wyvili Tonis<br />
puris garda sufris SuaSi didi TefSiT idga korkotis fafa batis qonSi<br />
dabrawuli xaxviT. calke ki sagangebod stovebdnen cotaoden moxar-<br />
Sul xorbals, SabaT dilas moayridnen Saqars da, locvis gamobrZanebis<br />
Semdeg, bavSvebs gaatandnen ezoSi – es Citebs dauyareTo. mogexsenebaT,<br />
mkacri zamTris dadgomis win mxolod didsa da janmagar frinvelebs<br />
SeeZloT gadafrena Tbil qveynebSi; patara, umweo Citebi ki rCebodnen<br />
samSobloSi – an siciviTa da SimSiliT ixocebodnen an raRac saswaulebrivad<br />
Tu gadaurCebodnen kavkasiuri zamTris simkacres. ai, swored<br />
maT elodnen bavSvebi, uyvardaT am saxaliso seirSi monawileoba. TeTr<br />
qaTqaTa Tovlze lamazad mimoabnevdnen Saqarmoyrili moxarSuli xorblis<br />
marcvlebs da gulisfancqaliT elodnen Citis gamoCenas. siciviT<br />
iToSebodnen, magram adgilidan ar iZvrodnen da saxlSi ar Sediodnen<br />
vidre deda ar gamosZaxebdaT Tbili oTaxidan: “sanam ar moSordebiT mag<br />
adgils, Citebi ar moekarebian, SemodiT saxlSi da aqedan ucqireT!..”<br />
TiTo-orola Citi marTlac gamoCndeboda!..<br />
fesaxis namdvili mzadeba anu “fxekikvira” furimis dResaswaulis gasvlis<br />
meore dRidanve iwyeboda. aravis egonos, rom es gamoTqma mxolod<br />
saxl-karisa da ezo-midamos fxeka-dasufTavebas niSnavda! – ara, megobrebo!<br />
– “fxekikvira” surameli ebraelisTvis wlis yvelaze gamorCeuli<br />
movlena iyo!<br />
imis Semdeg, rac safurimo mxiaruli aJiotaJi, tkbileuliT urTierTis<br />
mokiTxva da arcTu ise piruTvneli degustacia CaTavdeboda (kargi dedisSvili<br />
iyaviT da surameli ebraeli qalisTvis safurimo namcxvari ar<br />
SegeqoT!), iwyebdnen darCenili namcxvrisa da tkbileulis saguldagulod<br />
SefuTva–Senaxvas Tavdaxurul vedroebsa da qvabebSi “fxekikviris”<br />
mZime, gadatvirTuli dReebisTvis. es imitom, rom didi dasaqmebisa da<br />
mouclelobis, fizikuri daRlisa da gawamawiis dros saSualeba hqonodaT<br />
namcxvriT piri CaetkbarunebinaT da cota suli moeTqvaT. im<br />
weliswyvetis dReebSi furimidan SemorCenil namcxvarsa da tkbileuls<br />
gansakuTrebuli gemo da aromati hqonda.<br />
namcxvrebis dedoflad qiSmiSiani iTvleboda. amitom mas yvelaze<br />
prestiJulsa da Znelad misagneb adgils miuCendnen, mis Semdeg medidurad<br />
iwonebda Tavs mzisferi Saqarguliani, mixak-dariCinis damaTrobeli<br />
surneliT Sezavebuli Tafliani, gaRuebuli mezonoTi da, rasakvirvelia,<br />
gozinayi!..<br />
1. ros israeli egviptelebs gamoerida<br />
da sxva xalxs - xalxi iayakobis,<br />
2. gaxda iuda misi siwminde<br />
da israeli - miseuli sabrZanebeli.<br />
3. ixila zRvam da ZrwolviT ukudga<br />
da iordane SiSneulad gare-miiqca.<br />
4. erkemlebiviT rokvidnen mTani,<br />
xtodnen borcvebi TikanTa mgvanad.<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
daRlili da araqaTgamoclili diasaxlisi gvian naSuadRevs erTi-ori<br />
wuTiT Caimuxlebda, garSemo Semoisxamda aseve gadaRlilsa da mSier qmar<br />
– Svils, saxeldaxelod daanayrebda im “xiawobis” drois Sesaferisad da<br />
bolos, sakompensaciod, yvelas saTiTaod Camourigebda namcxvars... oriod<br />
wuTis Semdeg ki kvlav SeuZaxebda – aba, SevvudgeT muSaobaso!..<br />
ase grZeldeboda yoveldRe ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi fesaxis Semosvlamde.<br />
simarTle unda iTqvas, bavSvebs maincdamainc ar uyvardaT es<br />
periodi, xeli gveSleba TamaSSi da swavlaSio – Ciodnen. xandaxan mamakacebic<br />
CaibuzRunebdnen – rodis morCeba es aliaqoTio...<br />
yvela gulisfancqaliT eloda sanatrel dResaswauls...<br />
fesaxis dadgomamde ori-sami dRiT adre namcxvari mTavrdeboda da namcecebis<br />
ZebniTa da lokviT iklavdnen tkbileulis survils... Tanac dafesaxebul<br />
saxlSi “xameziT” Sesvla ukve akrZaluli hqondaT, aivanze anda ezoSi<br />
unda eWamaT.<br />
samagierod iwyeboda dauToeba–afardvis, (is ojaxi ojaxad ar iTvleboda,<br />
sadac Tujis mZime Savi uTo ar inaxeboda), safesaxo WurWlis<br />
sardafebidan amotanis, aRalis gakeTebis, saklavis movlis, “xaroseTisTvis”<br />
nigvzeulis darCevisa da “xamezis” akrefis ritualebi. ai, es ki yvelas<br />
uyvarda, radgan TvalnaTliv xedavdnen fesaxis moaxloebas – bolos da<br />
bolos yvelaferi Tavis adgilze dgeboda, fanjrebs TeTri, qaTqaTa, gaxamebul-gauToebuli<br />
fardebi amSvenebda, kedlebs – diasaxlisis madliani<br />
xeliT moqarguli fardagebi, magidebs – qalis namziTvi sufrebi; Tu qalis<br />
mama baqoSi vaWrobda, sufra xasxasa ferebiani pluSis iqneboda, Tu moskov-<br />
Si – gamtkiculi sufTa bambisa, xolo Tu mama vaWari ar iyo, anda saerTod<br />
ar hyavda mama (omis Semdeg xom bevri oboli darCa!..), bebiis yvavilebiT<br />
moCiTul lamazfoCebian Tavsafarsac koxtad moargebda magidas.<br />
fesaxis Semomaval dilas ojaxis ufrosi mamakaci xamezis mokrefvasa da<br />
mis dawvas rom morCeboda, didi qvabiT Semodgamda jer kidev “fxekikviraSi”<br />
saguldagulod garecxil da gamomSral karTofils, raTa saRamomde<br />
ojaxis wevrebs saWmeli hqonodaT, Semdeg “Sifanerkidan” gamoiRebda Tavis<br />
saukeTeso tansacmels (xaTnobis kostumi), gadakidebda nikelis sawolis<br />
Tavze da ramdenjerme SeaTvalierebda, xom araferi miecxoo... saRamo xans<br />
kidev erTxel Camouvlida col-Svils, aba, Cems dabrunebamde fesaxis sufra<br />
sworad gaawyeT, araferi gamogrCeTo.<br />
mxolod amis Semdeg Caicvamda, daixuravda, win gaiZRolebda Tavis va-<br />
JiSvilebs da amayad Tavaweuli gaudgeboda locvis arcTu ise mokle gzas.<br />
Sinaganad uaRresad kmayofili da bednieri, madlobas swiravda did gam-<br />
Cens, rom saSualeba misca mas – Rarib suramel ebrael kacs, Rirseulad<br />
moewyo fesaxis agadis sufra – zustad ise, rogorc ToraSi weria...<br />
Semdeg ki, Tavis warmosaxvebSi CanTqmuli, Svilebs uyveboda egviptidan<br />
gamosvlis istorias...<br />
_ gveyofoda, Svilo, gveyofoda Cvena!..<br />
Tehilimi 114<br />
izolda krixeli<br />
5. rad SekrTi, zRvao, risTvis ukudeq,<br />
Senc, iordanev, SiSneulad ratom gabrundi?<br />
6. mTano, rad rokavT erkemlebiviT,<br />
rad xtiT, borcvebo, TikanTa mgvanad?<br />
7. qveynierebav, atortmandi uflis winaSe -<br />
iayakobis RmerTis winaSe! –<br />
8. vinc pitalo klde gardasaxa nakadulebad,<br />
kaJi - wyaros wylad ganaTxiera.
ebraeli xalxis ganTesvisa da<br />
ebrauli saTvistomoebis istoriasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, pirvel rigSi<br />
dgeba xolme erTi da igive kiTxva:<br />
rodis movidnen ebraelebi ama Tu im<br />
qveyanaSi? da am TvalsazrisiT, imisda<br />
miuxedavad, Tu romel TariRs miviRebT,<br />
- iqneba es Zveli welTaRricxvis<br />
merve-meqvse, Tu meore saukuneebi,<br />
- qarTlis ebraelTa Temi meore<br />
galuTis erT-erT uZveles Temad<br />
rCeba. TavisTavad es sainteresoa da<br />
am problemis irgvliv sakmaod bevric<br />
iTqva. amave dros, TiTqmis srulebiT<br />
Seuswavleli rCeboda sxva aranakleb<br />
saintereso da mniSvnelovani problema:<br />
ra politikur da administraciul<br />
viTarebaSi da ra daniSnulebiT<br />
Seiqmna ebraelTa Temebi qar-<br />
Tlis sxvadasxva qalaqSi. ram ganapiroba<br />
Temis adgili imdroindeli qar-<br />
Tlis sazogadoebaSi da axal saxelmwifoSi<br />
misi oficialuri socialuri<br />
statusi Temis (an ufro sworad –<br />
Temebis) arsebobis pirveli eqvsasi<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
israelidan tyved wamoyvanili<br />
ebraelebis met-naklebad msxvili<br />
dasaxlebebi SuamdinareTSi - da saer-<br />
Tod axlo aRmosavleTSi - pirvelad<br />
Zv. welTaRricxvis merve saukuneSi<br />
gaCnda asurelebis mier ierusalimis<br />
dapyrobis Sedegad. asurelebma<br />
maT binadrobis garkveuli farglebi<br />
miuCines da xarkic daades. rogorc<br />
ToraSia naTqvami, asurelebma israelebi<br />
midiis qalaqebSi da gozanis mdinareze<br />
daasaxles.<br />
ebraelebis meore talRa daxloebiT<br />
amave teritoriaze meeqvse saukunuSi,<br />
babilonis tyveobis dros<br />
daasaxles. am or talRas pirobiTad<br />
pirveli galuTi SeiZleba vuwodoT.<br />
amis Semdeg ebraelebi ramdenime saukunis<br />
ganmavlobaSi jer asureT-babilonis<br />
saxelmwifoSi, mere ki, meeqvse<br />
saukunidan moyolebuli, iranis aqemenidur<br />
imperiaSi cxovrobdnen. es<br />
centralur xelisuflebaze damokidebuli,<br />
movale mosaxleoba iyo,<br />
romelsac TviTneburi gadasaxlebagadaadgilebis<br />
ufleba ar hqonda.<br />
ase gagrZelda Zv. w. meoTxe saukunemde,<br />
rodesac aleqsandre makedonelma<br />
aqemeniduri irani daamarcxa<br />
da axlo aRmosavleTSi Tavisi<br />
veeberTela imperia Seqmna. magram<br />
aleqsandre male (323 w.) gardaicvala<br />
- ise rom kanonieri memkvidre ar<br />
darCenia. male, meoTxe saukunis miwuruls,<br />
aleqsandres imperiis teritoriaze<br />
ramdenime e. w. elinisturi<br />
saxelmwifo Camoyalibda - kerZod,<br />
dRevandeli anatoliis dasavleT<br />
nawilSi, Savi zRvis mimdebare teritoriaze,<br />
pontos saxelmwifo gaCnda,<br />
axlo aRmosavleTis centralur<br />
raionebSi ki Seiqmna selevkidebis imperia,<br />
romelsac zogjer Zvel siriad<br />
ixsenieben. amave dros egvipteSi Camoyalibda<br />
ptolomeebis berZnul-egvipturi<br />
saxelmwifo, xolo aRmosavleTSi<br />
- kaspiis zRvis midamoebSi -<br />
gaformda parTiis sparsuli saxelmwifo.<br />
Sesabamisad, Zveli ebrauli<br />
mosaxleoba sxvadasxva politikuri<br />
erTeulis sazRvrebSi aRmoCnda. yvela<br />
es saxelmwifo Tavisi teritoriis<br />
gafarToebas cdilobda da kol-<br />
onistebis rolSi xSirad ebraelebs<br />
iyenebda.<br />
ase daiwyo meore galuTi.<br />
cnobilia, rom ukve mesame saukuneSi<br />
selevkidebma dasavleTSi, anatoliaSi<br />
axlad dapyrobil qveynebSi<br />
samocdaaTze meti ebrauli dasaxleba<br />
Seqmnes. es unda yofiliyo centraluri<br />
xelisuflebis sayrdeni<br />
punqtebi. zogjer ebraelebi calke,<br />
specialur punqtebSi saxldebodnen.<br />
magram ufro xSirad selevkidi mefeebi<br />
ebraelebs ukve arsebul qalaqebSi<br />
asaxlebdnen, sadac isini sakuTar ubnebad<br />
mkvidrdebodnen da aqtiurad<br />
ebmebodnen axali<br />
qveynis,<br />
axali qalaqissazogadoebriv-ekonomikur<br />
cxovreba-<br />
Si, Tumca (centralurixelisuflebisnebarTviT)mTlianadinarCunebdnen<br />
TavianTi religiuri<br />
da SidasaTemocxovrebis<br />
avtonomias.<br />
maT imis uflebac<br />
hqondaT, rom fuli<br />
daegrovebinaT<br />
ierusalimis dasaxmareblad.<br />
ebrael<br />
kolonistebs ormagi<br />
funqcia ekisrebodaT<br />
– ekonomikuri<br />
da samxedro.<br />
maTi mdgomareoba da<br />
keTildReoba mTlianad<br />
centralur xelisuflebaze<br />
iyo<br />
damokidebuli da,<br />
Sesabamisad, am xelisuflebisadmi<br />
erTgulebas mtkiced<br />
da Tanmimdevrulad icavdnen.<br />
elinisturi xelmwifeebis mier<br />
ebraelebis mimarT gatarebuli politikis<br />
Taobaze niSandobliv cnobebs<br />
Seicavs erT-erTi selevkidi mefis<br />
- antioq mesamis (223–187) werili,<br />
romelic man Tavis moxeles gaugzavna:<br />
„Cven SevityveT, rom frigiasa<br />
da lidiaSi ajanyeba mzaddeboda,<br />
da gadavwyviteT im qveynebis cixesimagreebSi<br />
da saxifaTo adgileb-<br />
Si davasaxloT ebraelTa ori aTasi<br />
ojaxi SuamdinareTidan da babilonidan.<br />
me darwmunebuli var, rom isini<br />
Cveni interesebis erTguli damcvelebi<br />
iqnebian. miT umetes, Cemi winaprebisagan<br />
vici, rom yovelTvis erTgulni<br />
iyvnen da mxardaWeras gviwevdnen<br />
yvelgan, sadac es saWiro iyo. me<br />
msurs davasaxlo isini am adgileb-<br />
Si da amasTanave SevunarCuno ufleba,<br />
TavianTi kanonebiT icxovron. miuCine<br />
maT sakarmidamo adgilebi da<br />
gamouyavi nakveTebi miwaTmoqmedebisaTvis<br />
da mevenaxeobisaTvis, da aTi<br />
wliT yvela gadasaxadisagan gaaTavisufle.<br />
sanam TavianTi mindvrebis<br />
mosavals miiRebdnen, dauniSne maT<br />
sarCo, rogorc Cems pirad mosamsaxureebs.<br />
gasamrjelo uboZe yvelas, vinc<br />
amaT raime daxmarebas gauwevs. erTi<br />
sityviT, izrune, rom es xalxi ara-<br />
vin Seaviwroos“. rogorc vxedavT,<br />
mefe ebraeli kolonistebis ekonomikur<br />
da sazogadoebriv mdgomareobas<br />
uzrunvelyofs da maT Tavis msaxurebad<br />
Tvlis.<br />
analogiurad ekidebodnen ebraul<br />
mosaxleobas egviptis elinisturi<br />
xanis mpyrobelebic. ase mag., egviptis<br />
pirvelma berZenma mefem, soterma<br />
(323–322), SuamdinareTidan egvipteSi<br />
bevri ebraeli wamoiyvana, zogi maTgani<br />
Tavis jarSi Caricxa da sxvebTan<br />
SedarebiT ufro maRali xelfasi<br />
dauniSna, zogs ki miwis nakveTebi<br />
dauriga da cixe–<br />
simagreeb-<br />
Si gaanawila,<br />
raTa saxelmwifosazRvrebi<br />
daecvaT da<br />
egviptelebi<br />
SiSsa da<br />
morCilebaSi<br />
hyolodaT.<br />
Zv. wel-<br />
TaRricxvis<br />
meoTxe saukunis<br />
bolos da<br />
mesame saukunis<br />
dasawyis-<br />
Si selevkidebis<br />
mxardaWeriT<br />
Seiqmna qarTlis<br />
samefo. rogorc<br />
qarTuli matiane<br />
gvauwyebs, mefe<br />
„farnavazi hmsaxurebdaantioqoss,mefesaasurasTanisa.’’selevkidebis<br />
saxelmwifo<br />
xels uwyobda<br />
qarTlis samefosekonomikurganviTarebas<br />
da, sxva<br />
qveynebis msgavsad, iq ebrael kolonistebs<br />
asaxlebda. umTavresad eseni<br />
iyvnen profesiuli xelosnebi<br />
da vaWrebi, romelTac saerTaSoriso<br />
vaWrobis gamocdileba hqondaT.<br />
am kolonistebs evalebodaT xelosnobis,<br />
vaWrobis da fuladi brunvis<br />
ganviTareba da, Sesabamisad, fuladi<br />
gadasaxadebis uzrunvelyofa -<br />
rogorc adgilobrivi xelisuflebis,<br />
iseve, albaT, selevkidebis sasargeblod.<br />
yovel SemTxvevaSi, qarTlis<br />
mmarTvelobisaTvis es iyo fuladi<br />
Semosavlis mudmivi wyaro. swored es<br />
iyo ebraeli kolonistebis Casaxlebis<br />
mizani da maTi ZiriTadi sazogadoebrivi<br />
funqcia, romelic Temis sa-<br />
Tanado socialuri statusiT iyo<br />
ganpirobebuli.<br />
marTlac, ebraelebi rom monaTmflobelur<br />
saxelmwifoSi movidnen,<br />
ucxoelebi iyvnen, realuri fizikuri<br />
Tavdacvis SesaZleblobas moklebulni,<br />
da maTi damoneba adgilobrivi<br />
aristokratiisaTvis saxarbielo<br />
saqme unda yofiliyo. magram maT<br />
saxelmwifo da kanoni icavda. meore<br />
mxriv, miwis sakuTrebis arqonisa da<br />
religiuri sxvaobis gamo isini arc<br />
mkvidr mosaxleobad iTvlebodnen.<br />
sxva eTnoreligiur TemebTan erTad<br />
ebraelebic gansakuTrebul socialur<br />
ebrauli saflavis qva (mcxeTa, me-4 s)<br />
9<br />
semk<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
kategorias - gerebis, an qarTulad -<br />
msxemebis kategorias ekuTvnodnen.<br />
antikur qarTlSi uZvelesi, jer<br />
kidev Toridan cnobili gerobis anu<br />
msxemobis socialuri instituti<br />
rom moqmedebda, amas TviT dedaqalaqis<br />
mcxeTis saxeli mowmobs. armazis<br />
mopirdapire mtkvris marcxena napirze<br />
uZvelesi droidan ucxoeli msxemebis,<br />
xelosnebis da vaWrebis, sxvadasxva<br />
Temi cxovrobda da aqedan unda<br />
gamomdinareobdes qalaqis saxelic -<br />
msxemT ubani, Semdeg ki msxemTa da<br />
mcxeTa. es iyo araqarTuli Temebis,<br />
maT Soris ebrauli Temis, koleqtiuri<br />
statusi, romelic Temis movaleobebsa<br />
da uflebebs gansazRvravda.<br />
aqedan naTelia, rom selevkidi mefeebis<br />
TaosnobiT da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />
TanxmobiT qarTlSi Casaxlebuli<br />
ebraelebi ar iyvnen tyveebi<br />
an tyveobidan gamoqceuli uuflebo<br />
ltolvilebi - maT gansazRvruli<br />
ufleba–movaleoba hqondaT da<br />
sazogadoebriv organizmSi garkveuli<br />
adgili ekavaT.<br />
amas isic unda davumatoT, rom<br />
ebrauli Temis warmomadgenlebs sakmaod<br />
maRali adgili ekavaT qveynis<br />
kulturul cxovrebaSic. qarTuli<br />
anbanis Seqmnamde qarTlis samefoSi<br />
ori saliteraturo ena gamoiyeneboda<br />
- berZnuli da arameuli, - arameuli,<br />
romelic ebraeli mwignobrebisaTvis<br />
im dros faqtiurad dedaena<br />
iyo. arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom<br />
„ninos cxovreba’’ qarTvel ebraelTa<br />
erT-erT damaxasiaTebel saqmianobad<br />
swored mwignobrobas asaxelebs da<br />
„kodiswyaros mwerlebs’’ da „sobe-qanaanis<br />
(“sobis kananelni”) mTargmnelebs’’<br />
ixseniebs.<br />
sakuTriv ebrauli qronologiuri<br />
tradiciis Tanaxmad, ebraelebi<br />
qarTlSi qveynis gaqristianebamde<br />
xuTas sami wliT adre movidnen. da<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qristianoba<br />
qarTlis samefos oficialur religiad<br />
337 w. gamocxadda, maSin Zv.<br />
welTaRricxvis meore saukunes miviRebT,<br />
an ufro zustad - 166 wels,<br />
rac mTlianad emTxveva selevkidi mefis<br />
antioq meoTxis (175–163) zeobas.<br />
msxem-gerebis mdgomareobaSi Tavisi<br />
ufleba–movaleobebiT qarTlis<br />
ebraelTa Temma eqvsasi weli gaatara.<br />
axali welTaRricxvis meoTxe-mexuTe<br />
saukuneebSi saxelmwifos qristianizaciisa<br />
da feodalizaciis Sedegad<br />
ebraelTa Temis mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad<br />
Seicvala... magram es ukve sxva<br />
saubris sagania.<br />
kote lerneri<br />
profesori<br />
redaqciisagan: saqarTveloSi<br />
ebraelTa pirveli dasaxlebis Sesaxeb<br />
ramdenime Tvalsazrisi arsebobs, maT<br />
Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulia “qarTlis<br />
cxovrebis” versia, romlis mixedviTac<br />
ebraelebis pirveli nakadi Zveli<br />
welTaRricxvis 586 wels (pirveli taZris<br />
dangrevis Semdeg) moadga mcxeTas<br />
- saqarTvelos uZveles dedaqalaqs. b-n<br />
kote lerneri gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss<br />
gvTavazobs. sakiTxis mniSvnelobidan<br />
gamomdinare, redaqcia Txovs Sesabamisi<br />
dargis specialistebs, agreTve dainteresebul<br />
mkiTxvelebs, mogvawodon TavianTi<br />
gamoxmaurebebi.
10<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
12 aprili evropel ebraelTa katastrofis dRea. didi, Zalian didi msxverpli gaiRo Cvenma xalxma, vidre xelaxla moipovebda<br />
Tavis dakargul samSoblos. jerac ar SeSrobia sisxli buxenvaldisa da osvencimis sasaklaoebs, antisemituri bacila ki<br />
mainc cocxlobs. vidre amqveynad kidev gaismis iudofobebis kacTmoZule xma, kacobriobas simSvidis ufleba ara aqvs. eqvsi<br />
milioni adamianis udanaSaulod daRvrili sisxli dRemde mogvZaxis...<br />
gvaxsovdes!<br />
babi iari evgeni evtuSenko<br />
babi iarze Zegli ara Cans,<br />
da RranteebSi Cagudul RarRils<br />
klde daswolia akldamasaviT,<br />
magram iseTi - xsenebad ar Rirs...<br />
me meSinia: o, sadReisod ise Zvelia Cemi asaki,<br />
viT xnovaneba ebrael xalxis.<br />
TiTqos marTla var Ze israelis -<br />
sjulis erTguli da mimdevari, -<br />
win mimiZRveba keTili Semwe<br />
da, rogorc Zveli iudeveli,<br />
davexetebi egviptis gzebze.<br />
xan meCveneba - dreifusi var,<br />
da Cemi mowme da mabezRari<br />
meSCanobaa... gamovaRwev? - RmerTma inebos!..<br />
jer ki utifrad maxvevia brbo sazizRari -<br />
ase uRmerTod Tavlafdasxmuls da Seginebuls.<br />
me Sen getyvi da, bediswera amas makmarebs,<br />
axia Cemze: Rirsi var, Rirsi!<br />
aSrialeben mandilosnebi<br />
briuseluri kabis maqmanebs<br />
da qolgis wvetebs mirtyamen cxvirSi.<br />
TiTqos wamiWers yelSi Toki da<br />
kvlav imdroindel cremlebs mogitan,<br />
- o, istoriav, gepatios es umsgavsoba:<br />
dRemde momtiris sisxliani belostokidan<br />
beddavsebuli Cemi bavSvoba...<br />
ielvebs dana, daxlidari myisve idroebs,<br />
vuyureb sisxlis uRmerTo livlivs<br />
da Jruanteli ZarRvebSi mivlis,<br />
aryis orTqli nTqavs galeqebul samikitnoebs,<br />
yars oxSivari xaxvis da nivris...<br />
da isev buri, qarboria da buruseTi -<br />
loTbazara brbo mtvrian furgons moaxriginebs:<br />
‘’- dascxe uriebs, -<br />
daixseni deda-ruseTi!’’ –<br />
Rmuis viRac da dediCemis mandils miginebs....<br />
es me var, me var - ana franki: mogZaxi, modi!..<br />
var gamWvirvale da molivlive,<br />
rogorc aprilSi alublis toti...<br />
es aRarasodes ganmeordeba<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
diax, es me var, da me miyvars: - wyalwyala frazebs<br />
sjobs siyvarulis Relva da SfoTi.<br />
bnel sakanSi varT, - atuzula bindi karebSi,<br />
SevyurebT ZrwolviT da SecbunebiT,<br />
veRarc ciT vtkbebiT da verc bunebiT...<br />
mxolod alersi SegviZlia... Tumca alersi<br />
cotas ar niSnavs - damerwmunebiT.<br />
rao?! - xma ismis? - ara uSavs - darabebia:<br />
momxvie xeli! - ukve darbazebs<br />
akrTobs aprilis mze mobarbace...<br />
karebs gvimtvreven? - araferia:<br />
albaT yinuli dacurda tbaze...<br />
... babi iarze Srialebs moli<br />
da - flateebiT gadaferdili -<br />
xeebi dganan uTqmeli risxviT<br />
da TiTqos vamCnev - wuTi-wuTze rogor vberdebi<br />
im drois eldiT, - tkivilebis im welTaRricxviT.<br />
mec tkivili var, gaqvavebul kivilad vdgavar -<br />
aTaseulTa aTasi wyevliT<br />
da SeCvenebiT guldakodili:<br />
gminva var, gminva, ganwiruli bavSvebis xma var<br />
da daxvretili bebris xrotini.<br />
gaduvlis ferfli damwvar keriebs<br />
da locvasaviT aRuvlens mermiss,<br />
rom maSindeli cecxlis geniebs<br />
kvlav guliscema moixseniebs<br />
da Setokeba yoveli nervis...<br />
de, moiSalos istoriam uRvTo braldeba,<br />
iquxos ‘’internacionalma’’,<br />
xmam Searyios ca da zeniti,<br />
roca amqveynad dasamardeba<br />
ukanaskneli antisemiti...<br />
Targmna jemal ajiaSvilma<br />
daxau...<br />
mwvaneSi Cafluli sikvdilis qalaqi...<br />
bilikebad qceuli qvafenilebi gvauwyeben ramdeni aTasi kacia Zmur saflavSi Camarxuli...<br />
mivyvebi bilikebs da viTvli...<br />
Cems gverdiT xanSiSesuli israeli wyvili cremlebs ver ikavebs:<br />
- mTeli Cemi ojaxi am dawyevlil banakSi amowyvites, marto me da Cemi da gadavrCiT. – meubneba israeli mamakaci<br />
da mZimed idebs xels mkerdze. – Svilo, Sen verasodes mixvdebi ra saSinelebaa CemTvis am dasaqcev adgilas yofna, magram<br />
erTxel xom mainc unda Camovsuliyavi...<br />
raRac pastoraluri siCumea, asobiT turisti aTvalierebs am sikvdilis banaks da cdilobs dumiliT gamoxatos<br />
Tavisi gancdebi.<br />
sqelZiriani sportuli fexsacmelebiT davabijeb moxreSil bilikebze, saSinel tkivils vgrZnob...<br />
Turme am bilikebze fexSiSvela arbeninebdnen ConCxadqceul qalebsa da bavSvebs...<br />
xeliskankaliT vexebi samuzeumo eqsponatebad qceul rkinis gisosebs, xis barakebis sulisSemxuTveli suni guls<br />
miRonebs da vcdilob swrafad Cavuaro “sawolebad” wodebul sarTulebian yuTebs...<br />
gafarToebuli TvalebiT vumzer sawamebel iaraRebs da yurSi bundovnad Camesmis raRac Soreuli, araadamianuri,<br />
ganwiruli kivili...<br />
aqeT-iqidan ismis fotoaparatebis Cxakuni...<br />
sikvdili mimzers ConCxadqceul bavSvTa Tvalebidan...<br />
xis kedelze Camokidebul suraTze mwkrivSi dganan ukanasknel gzaze mkerdze eqvsqimian varskvlavmibneuli nawamebi<br />
ebraelebi, romelTa danaSaulic mxolod is iyo, rom ebraelebad daibadnen.<br />
uneburad xels videb kiserze Camokidebul “magen davidze”.<br />
aTasobiT udanaSaulo adamianis sicocxlisa da sikvdilis istorias mogviTxroben xis dafebze Camwkrivebuli<br />
suraTebi...<br />
aqvea israelis kuTxec...<br />
TiTqos aq mosul yovel adamians Tavisi ukanaskneli vali mouxdiao amaod wamebulTa winaSe.<br />
oTaxi savsea israelis delegaciebis mier simbolurad motanili transparantebiT, droSebiT, samkerde niSnebiTa<br />
da almebiT...<br />
ezoSi qvis damrec svetzea aRmarTuli “menora”, israelis saxelmwifos arsebobis simbolo...<br />
iqve cocxali yvavilebis Taigulad qceula magen davidamokveTili Savi marmarilos obeliski...<br />
mikvnesis guli, Tvalze cremli TavisiT poulobs gzas.<br />
erTxel kidev vaCxakuneb fotoaparats, minda dapirebad waviRo Cems mravaltanjul miwis SvilebTan Zeglad aRmarTul<br />
kedelze mraval enaze amotvifruli anderZi:<br />
“es aRarasodes ganmeordeba!”<br />
daxau...<br />
rogor, rogor menatreba aqedan Cemi tanjuli, magram mainc amayi, Zlieri da mxargaSlili israeli...…<br />
cisana biniaSvili<br />
1. babi iari - adgili kievis<br />
ganapira ubanSi, sadac 1941<br />
wlis 29 seqtembers, qifuris dRes,<br />
faSistebma mSvidobiani ebraeli<br />
mosaxleobis arnaxuli sasaklao<br />
moawyes. oficialuri monacemebiT,<br />
im dRes daxvretilTa ricxvi<br />
33771 kacs Seadgenda. omis Semdeg<br />
xelisufleba karga xans dumiliT<br />
uvlida gverds babi iaris<br />
tragedias [ebraeli mosaxleobis<br />
ganadgurebas nacistebTan erTad<br />
adgilobrivi policiac moTaveobda]<br />
da daxocilTa samarxebze<br />
sportul-gamajansaRebeli kompleqsis<br />
mSeneblobiTa Tu sxva<br />
cinikuri xerxebiT cdilobda<br />
Tvali aexvia msoflio sazogadoebriobisaTvis<br />
- vidre erT<br />
dRes mSenebare obieqti ar Camoiqca<br />
da mSeneblebi Tan ar Caitana.<br />
evtuSenkos leqsi 1961 wels<br />
gamoqveynda. publikacias farTo<br />
saerTaSoriso gamoxmaureba<br />
mohyva, ramac mmarTveli partiuli<br />
elitis, metadre ki xruSCovis,<br />
guliswyroma gamoiwvia. leqsis<br />
musikaluri versia, romelic<br />
dimitri SostakoviCma Seqmna [me-<br />
13 simfonia], pirveli Sesrulebis<br />
Semdeg [1962 w.] karga xans aRar<br />
aJRerebula. miuxedavad amisa, qifuris<br />
dReebSi ukrainis ebraeloba<br />
mainc ikribeboda babi iar-<br />
Tan da erTdRiani SimSiliT,<br />
rogorc amas tradicia moiTxovs,<br />
da sulis mosaxsenebeli locvebiT<br />
pativs miagebda daxocilTa<br />
xsovnas. maT kvaldakval, amerikis<br />
ebraeloba gaerTianebuli<br />
erebis SenobasTan marTavda<br />
Sesabamis aqciebs.1991 wels, babi<br />
iaris tragediis 50-e wlisTavze,<br />
genocidis msxverplTa saerTa-<br />
Soriso xsovnis dReebSi, ukrainis<br />
saxelmwifos imJamindelma meTaurma<br />
leonid kravCukma samZimari<br />
gamoTqva msoflio ebraelobis<br />
mimarT da Tavisi xalxis saxeliT<br />
saqveynod moixada bodiSi im<br />
Semzaravi danaSaulisaTvis, 1941<br />
wlis seqtemberSi mis miwaze rom<br />
datrialda.<br />
2. alfred dreifusi - safrangeTis<br />
armiis oficeri,<br />
romelsac Tavisi ebrauli warmomavlobis<br />
gamo saxelmwifos<br />
Ralati daswames [e. w. dreifusis<br />
saqme - 1894 w.]. emil zolam weriliT<br />
- ‘’me brals vdeb’’ - sastikad<br />
gailaSqra am samarcxvino sasamarTlo<br />
procesis winaaRmdeg.
uflis sanTeli adamianis sulia<br />
ieruSalaimi. ‘ ’ ”iad va Sem’ ’ [(xsovna da saxeli)] _ meore msoflio omSi<br />
daRupulTa xsovnis muzeumi. Eeqvsi milioni ebraeli Seiwira am omma, eqvsi<br />
milioni _ msoflio ebraelobis TiTqmis naxevari. am mxriv, evropis<br />
sxva qveynebTan erTad, didi msxverpli gaiRo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris<br />
ebraelobamac, magram amaze laparaks bolSevikuri diqtaturis qveyanaSi<br />
ratomRac gverds uvlidnen. [erTi yvelaze sando wyaroTagani, e. w. ‘ ’Savi<br />
wigni,’ ’ Sedgenili v. grosmanisa da i. erenburgis redaqciiT, 1948 wels,<br />
ukve sastambod gamzadebuli, aikrZala da rodis-rodis _ mxolod 80ian<br />
wlebSi eRirsa dRis sinaTles israelSi]... eqvsi milioni daRupulidan<br />
milionnaxevari bavSvia. maT saxelze muzeumSi erTaderTi sanTeli<br />
anTia [ ‘ ’(uflis sanTeli adamianis sulia’ ’ _ bibliur igavTa es sityvebi zed<br />
muzeumis karibWezea amotvifruli]), romelic milionnaxevar varskvlavad<br />
nawevrdeba veeba Senobis mosarkul tixrebSi da muzeumSi Sesvlisas ise-<br />
Ti STabeWdileba geqmneba, TiTqos Ria kosmosSi imyofebode. marTlacda,<br />
gamaognebelia am varskvlavebiT mogvrili STabeWdileba. cimcimeben varskvlavebi<br />
usasrulo sivrceSi da ucxo, Soreuli xma CurCuliT imeorebs<br />
im bavSvTa saxelebs, romelTa sulebi varskvlavebs Serwymia:<br />
Ffani friSmani _ 8 wlis<br />
debora laskeri _ 5 wlis<br />
ana franki _13 wlis...<br />
muzeumSi misasvlelad xeivans unda auyveT, romlis orive mxares moSriale<br />
xeebia Camwkrivebuli, _ es im araebraelTa saxelzea darguli [ ‘ ’(xasidei<br />
umoT-ha-yolam’ ’ _ msoflios xalxTa wmindanebi]), romelTa RvawliT<br />
araerTi ebraeli gadaurCa sikvdils. Yyovel xes konkretuli kacis saxeli<br />
hqvia. aqvea navi, romliTac romeliRac danielma meTevzem erT RameSi<br />
aTobiT ebraeli gadaiyvana mdinaris gaRma napirze da nacistebisgan okupirebuli<br />
qalaqidan gaxizna. orkviranaxevris ganmavlobaSi rva aTasamde<br />
ebraeli gadaurCeniaT ase Ddaniel meTevzeebs. faSistebma 1943 wels mainc<br />
moaxerxers xuTasamde ebraelis datyveveba, romelTagan zog-zogebi saswauliT<br />
gadaurCen Turme sikvdils da, omis damTavrebisas daniaSi rom<br />
dabrundnen, mTeli TavianTi qoneba da sakarmidamo xeluxlebeli daxvedriaT.<br />
, .<br />
muzeumSive Segaxseneben erT, amJamad ukve legendad qceul ambavs: roca<br />
germanelebma daniaSi saomari moqmedeba gamoacxades, adgilobriv xelisuflebas<br />
mosTxoves, mTeli qalaqis ebraeli mosaxleoba centralur moedanze<br />
gamosuliyo. yvelam icoda, rasac niSnavda aseTi moTxovna. meore<br />
dRes, dilaadrian, moedanze pirvelebi Turme daniis mefe da dedofali<br />
gamocxaddnen, romelTac mkerdze ebrauli eqvsqimiani varskvlavi [ ‘ ’magen<br />
david’ ’ _ daviTis fari] ekeTaT...<br />
* * * * * * * * * * * *<br />
Cvens xelTaa dokumenti, romelic, vfiqrob, daainteresebs mkiTxvels:<br />
parizi, 16 oqtomberi, 1944 w.<br />
baton Jordanias _ saqarTvelos respublikis prezidents<br />
batono prezidento!<br />
batonma ioseb eligulaSvilma macnoba im didsulovani Tanadgomis ambavi,<br />
rac Tqven gauwieT Tqvens Tanamemamule ebraelebs. Tqveni uangaro<br />
mecadineobiT, safrangeTis oTxwliani okupaciis dros maT ar SexebiaT<br />
rasistuli reJimis susxi. CemTvis cnobilia is didi madliereba, rasac<br />
Tqveni Tanamemamule ebraelebi gamoxataven Tqvens mimarT. Tavs movaled<br />
vracx, parizis ebrauli Temis saxeliT, gadmogceT madlobis sityvebi da<br />
gagiziaroT im giliTadi grZnobebi, rasac Cven ganvicdiT Tqveni keTilSobilebisa<br />
da samarTlianobis gamo.<br />
darwmunebuli brZandebodeT, batono prezidento, Tqvendami Cems<br />
gulwrfel pativiscemaSi.’ ’<br />
dokuments xels awers parizis mTavari rabini<br />
Jakob kaplani<br />
* * * * * * * * * * * *<br />
kidev erTi faqti, romlis gaxseneba, albaT, swored am konteqstSia upriani:<br />
“1938 wels, 9 noembers, moxda ebraelTa masobrivi darbeva, romelic<br />
cnobilia “brolis Ramis” saxelwodebiT (quCebSi mofenili SuSis namsxvrevebis<br />
gamo). im Rames daiRupa 92 ebraeli, mTel germaniaSi gadabuges sinagogebi,<br />
7000-mde maRazia da duqani daangries da gadawves, 30000-ze meti<br />
ebraeli daapatimres da sakoncentracio banakebSi gagzavnes...” (amonaweri<br />
ruT semuelsis wignidan “ebraelTa istoriis gzebze”).<br />
TiTqos am ambavs mainc unda gamoefxizlebina Zlierni ama qveynisani,<br />
magram maSin – im jojoxeTur codvis trialSi - viRas axsovda adamianTa<br />
keTili neba; irgvliv Zaladoba batonobda, CaxSuli iyo sindisis xma (aki<br />
hitleric cinikurad acxadebda – sindisi wminda ebrauli warmonaqmniao).<br />
“amaod vagzavnidi sagangaSo werilebs prezidentebTan da premierministrebTan,<br />
amaod varisxebdi zarebs, qveynebi da saxelmwifoebi ver davajere<br />
mosalodneli katastrofis gardauvalobaSi -” gulmokluli ityvis<br />
1993 wels aTenis erT-erT Sekrebaze 80 wels gadacilebuli gerhart rigneri<br />
- legendaruli moxuci, msoflio ebrauli kongresis erT-erTi TanaTavmjdomare.<br />
magram alag-alag mainc ar eZina adamianTa sindiss, patiosani<br />
da marTali goni yurs ugdebda daavadebuli msoflios majiscemas<br />
da, TiTqos moZaladeTa niSnis mosagebad, TanagrZnobisa da mxardaWeris<br />
xmas aSvelebda sasikvdilod ganwirul ebraelobas. “brolis Ramidan” sul<br />
raRac oci dRis Semdeg, 1938 wlis dekemberSi, umZimesi sabWouri ideologiuri<br />
wnexis pirobebSi, saqarTveloSi qveyndeba leqsi, romelsac xels<br />
awers ukeTilSobilesi qarTveli poeti aleqsandre abaSeli:<br />
ero devnilo, Zvelo israel,<br />
‘ ’pirvel mcnebaTa’ ’ kanonmdebelo!<br />
sinas mTis elvis mogaqvs isari,<br />
TviT ‘ ’dabadebis’ ’ dambadebelo!<br />
Sens mier Seqmnil RmerTs utoldebi,<br />
Seni golgoTac misi sworia,<br />
Seni cremliT da mware godebiTY<br />
amovsebuli sduRs istoria.KU<br />
sakuTar saxlis Zleuli mcveli<br />
inaxav keris did wyurvils axlac,<br />
mterma wagarTva samSoblo Zveli,<br />
magram Sen xedav samSoblos axals...<br />
vimeoreb - es aris 1938 weli, “axali samSoblos” Seqmnamde jer kidev<br />
aTi welia darCenili. samSoblo ki ara, ebraelobis, rogorc eris, yofnaaryofnis<br />
sakiTxi sasworzea Segdebuli.<br />
rogorc ityvian, komentarebi zedmetia...<br />
fragmentebi j. ajiaSvilis wignidan gamoiRviZe, qnaro<br />
kompiuterze muSaobis swavlebis<br />
kursi ufasod<br />
kompiuterisa da internetis<br />
gacnoba aTviseba<br />
kursis mizania:<br />
1. kompiuteris agebulebisa da amuSavebis ZiriTadi<br />
principebis gacnoba.<br />
2. internetis xmareba, informaciis moZebna da<br />
eleqtronuli fosta.<br />
3. nebismier veb-saitSi Sesvla da mTavrobis portalis<br />
GOV.IL upiratesoba.<br />
kursi gankuTvnilia 30 wlis asaks gadacilebuli<br />
qalebisa da kacebisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia wera-kiTxvis codna ivriTze<br />
11<br />
semk<br />
kursi gaixsneba israelis damoukideblobis dRis<br />
Semdeg, qalaqebSi:<br />
or-iehuda, ramla da beer-Seva<br />
kursze swavla iwarmoebs oTxi Tvis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, kviraSi<br />
erTxel, saRamos saaTebSi. gakveTilis<br />
xangrZlivoba 2 saaTi.<br />
kursi subsidirebulia kongresisa da<br />
lahavis centris mier.<br />
kursze swavlis msurvelebs SeuZliaT mimarTon<br />
proeqtis xelmZRvanels q-n rina dvirs tel: 054-6663080<br />
an kongresis ofisSi tel: 03-6204557, faqsi: 03-6204573
mxatvari cisana janaSvili<br />
12<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
oTar sefiaSvili<br />
“ " ""me arc pirveli var da, albaT,<br />
arc ukanaskneli, vinc Salom koboSvilze<br />
saubrisas ixsenebs Seudarebel<br />
firosmans.<br />
firosmanic da koboSvilic,<br />
bajaRlo oqros zodiviT TviTnabadi<br />
unikaluri talantebi<br />
arian.<br />
firosmanze arcTu cotaa<br />
Tqmuli. koboSvilze ki, TiTqmis<br />
araferi an - umniSvnelod cota.<br />
rac Seexeba biografias, arc<br />
erTi maTganis - arc firosmanis,<br />
arca koboSvilis namdvili biografia<br />
ar gagvaCnia, arc maTi<br />
cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis sando<br />
aRweriloba mogvepoveba.<br />
ar mofrTxilebian maT nakvalevs<br />
Tavis droze, ar SemounaxavT,<br />
ar daufasebiaT Rirseulad,<br />
xolo roca gamoerkvnen, gvianRa<br />
iyo.<br />
Salom koboSvili is fexbednieri<br />
mekvlea, vinc qarTvel<br />
ebraelTa kulturaSi saTave<br />
daudo saxviT xelovnebas. is<br />
Rirseulad moixsenieba pirvel<br />
qarTvel ebrael mxatvrad.<br />
grigol robaqiZe: "xedav firosmans<br />
da gjera saqarTvelo!"<br />
Cvenc: vxedavT Salom koboSvils<br />
da gvjera qarTveli<br />
ebraeloba!"<br />
es sityvebi amoRebulia Salva koboSvilze<br />
dawerili vrceli wignidan,<br />
romelze muSaobac axlaxan daasrula<br />
niu-iorkSi mcxovrebma Cvenma Tanamemamulem,<br />
cnobilma kinokritikosma da<br />
eseisti oTar sefiaSvilma. vbeWdavT<br />
erT-erT Tavs dasaxelebuli wignidan.<br />
kamara meaTe<br />
`me davxate adamiani.<br />
sulic unda mivaxato?~<br />
robert sTivensoni<br />
niadag aziiT sunTqavdao tfilisi,<br />
Tvali ki evropisken, metadre _<br />
parizze eWira mudam. erTxel firosmanisTvisac<br />
rom uTqvamT: axla Seni<br />
naxatebi tfilisgareT da ufro Sorsac<br />
kia cnobilio, mxatvars miamitad<br />
ukiTxavs Turme: _ parizSi Tu micnobs<br />
vinme?..<br />
saocari ki is aris, albaT, rom<br />
bevrs _ parizis siyvarulSi Camwvars,<br />
verc tfilisis rux-moiasamnisfro<br />
aTinaTis xibli auridebia. Tqmula:<br />
parizSi wasulic dRevandelobad ixilebao.<br />
me ki mgonia, oden parizSi ara,<br />
_ asevea tfilisSic. masac pariziviT<br />
Cumi, sevdanarevi Rimili sCvevia; aqac<br />
iseTive idumali da keTili gamoxedva<br />
aqvT quCebs, saxlebs, xeebs; iseTive<br />
TvalebiT iyurebian qaliSvilebi, poetebi,<br />
mxatvrebi... iqneb amitomaa, axla<br />
rom vixseneb erT Cveulebriv ambavs,<br />
igi amRvreuli drois qarmotanilad<br />
ki ara, bedad, aucdenel yismaTad ufro<br />
meCveneba: 1920-Si, imxanad axalgazrda<br />
rusi poeti, Semdgom _ cnobili mwerali<br />
da Jurnalisti ilia erenburgi,<br />
mTeli aTi weli parizis bohemur<br />
vnebaTRelvaSi daZirvis Semdeg, sam-<br />
SobloSi brundeboda swored tfilis-qalaqze<br />
gavliT... arada, marTla ra<br />
erTnairad airekla maSin parizic da<br />
tfilisic proletaruli amboxis grigalgadavlil<br />
rusuli inteligenciis<br />
bediRbalze _ misi Znelbedobis, yofna-aryofnis<br />
Jams! istoriuli sinamdvilis<br />
TviTmxilveli mwerali grigol<br />
robaqiZe igonebda: `tfilisi ucnauri<br />
qalaqia, xolo 1919-1920 wlebSi kidev<br />
ufro aucnaurda. gamorekili Tu gamoqceuli<br />
rusebi Tavs aq afarebden... vin<br />
ar iyo maSin tfilisSi?.. scenidan gaismoda<br />
kaCalovis xma (`samxatvro Teatri~<br />
aq iyo)... kompozitori n. Cerepnin<br />
kafeSi mTvrali naRvlobda ruseTze...<br />
mxatvari iuri sudeikin restorans<br />
xatavda, romelsac qarTvelma poetebma<br />
`qimerioni~ daarqves... mxatvar<br />
savelii sorins qarTvel yelmoRerebul<br />
Tavadis asulebis profilebi<br />
tiloze gadahqonda `lamazi _ metad<br />
lamazi~ xazebiT... dramatugi da Teatrali<br />
n. evroimov aqac `Teatrs TavisTvis~<br />
sTxzavda... futuristebmac aq<br />
gadadges nabiji dadaizmisaken... tfilisSive<br />
iyo ilia zdaneviCi (firosmanis<br />
erT-erTi pirveli aRmomCeni da<br />
apologeti. o.s.)... vasili kamenskic<br />
ewvia maSin tfiliss... tfilisi gaxda<br />
poetebis qalaqi. kafe ìnternacionalSi~<br />
igi kidec gamoacxades poetebis<br />
qalaqad. kidev meti: gaiZaxodnen<br />
_ poezia marto tfilisSiao... qveyana<br />
marTla iqceoda _ da mxolod tfilisi<br />
iyo erTad erTi qalaqi, romelic<br />
am `qcevas~ poeturi mReriT xvdeboda<br />
_ (udardelobiT xom ar aixsneba, aRmosavluriT<br />
Tu qarTuliT?)~... sxvaTa-<br />
Soris, mere poeti tician tabiZec igonebda,<br />
_ imxanad evropaSi myof ivan<br />
bunins rom unatria: `netav axla tfilisSi<br />
damsvao~...<br />
...da am àucnaurebul~ tfilis-<br />
Si, maSindel golovinis prospeqtze<br />
SemTxveviT Semoyril poet osip mandelStams<br />
gaucvnia ilia erenburgisTvis<br />
qarTveli kolegebi _ tician<br />
tabiZe da paolo iaSvili. swored es<br />
tragikuli bedis yvelaze naRdi `cisferyanwelebi~<br />
maspinZlobdnen erenburgs<br />
da xSirad daatarebdnen Turme<br />
im Rvinis sardafebsa da duqan-samikitnoebSi,<br />
romelTa kedlebzec moulodnelobiTa<br />
da Cumi, `kriniT Tqmuli<br />
tfilisuri motivebiT~ Tval-guls<br />
itacebdnen firosmanis naxatebi.<br />
im dros tician tabiZes jerac ar<br />
hqonda dawerili monografia firosmanze.<br />
mxolod eqvsi wlis Semdeg<br />
ityvis igi Zveltfilisel duqandarebsa<br />
da siraj-mikitnebze: isini iyvnen,<br />
`mediCebis gaafTrebiT rom icavdnen~<br />
nikalas suraTebso. cota mogvianebiT<br />
ki, ruseTSi gamova ilia erenburgis<br />
mogzaurobis narkvevTa wigni<br />
_ `TeTri naxSiri anu verTeris cremlebi~,<br />
romelSic msoflio ferwerul<br />
qmnilebebze TvalgawrTvnili avtori<br />
ganacxadebs: `tfilisis tavernebi<br />
firosmanis moxatulia. aq ar icnoben<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
martosulobis<br />
"Tu ikargeba xsovna, ikargeba warsuli, ikargeba identuroba, ikargeba kultura, vikargebiT Cven!"<br />
am mxatvars, romelic aafeTqebda abstraqtul<br />
parizs~.<br />
da dRemde ver amixsnia _ ase ratom<br />
damCenia guls es sityvebi? ra iyo<br />
igi _ winaTgrZnoba, gumaniT Caxvdoma<br />
Tu naTelxilva imisa, rasac sinamdvileSi<br />
axdoma ewera?!.. TumcaRa, manmade<br />
lamis naxevari saukunis gzaa savali.<br />
arada, maSin, 1920-Si, axalgazrda<br />
mwerali ukve Tvalxmierad Wvretda<br />
Turme Camomdgari drois avznianobas,<br />
rom warsulis kvalis aRgvis ugunuri<br />
wadili da ngreviT gaxeleba aryofnaSi<br />
CaZiravs mraval ganumeorebel<br />
faseulobas, maT Soris _ firosmanis<br />
mier moxatul tfilisis koloritul<br />
duqnebsa da Rvinis sardafebsac,<br />
romelTa kedlebic veRar Seinaxaven<br />
ukve saRebavCamoqerclil freskebs<br />
da ver daamowmebdnen maTi xelmqmnelis<br />
genias. is ki Semdeg _ gvian iqneba,<br />
sakvirveli ZaliT rom gacxaddeba<br />
muSambebze da fertiloebze gamoxmobili<br />
xilvebi saxalxo mxatvrisa,<br />
da dabrundeba nikala, rogorc miTi,<br />
rogorc igavi. da axdeba ilia erenburgis<br />
winaTgrZnoba Tu naTelxilvac,<br />
roca 1969 wlis gazafxulze parizis<br />
luvrSi gaixsneba firosmanis personaluri<br />
gamofena.<br />
da axla, roca daveZeb im dReTa movlenebis<br />
dasturs _ utyuar dokumentebs,<br />
gamogitydebiT, dabneuli da<br />
Semcbaric ki var: rom maSin, 1969-Si,<br />
Turme, araferi Tqmula sagulisxmo da<br />
Rirseuli da arc dabeWdila qarTul<br />
Jurnal-gazeTebSi firosmanis parizuli<br />
gamofenis gamo (cxadia, vgulisxmob<br />
TviTmxilvelTa da uSualo mowmeTa<br />
Tbilisi me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi<br />
met-naklebad vrcel korespodenciebs<br />
an werilebs, Torem ra saTvalavSi<br />
Casagdebia `sakdesis~ erTi ùsisxlxorco~<br />
kenti depeSa!)... da mxolod lamis<br />
ori aTeuli wlis Semdeg, 1987-Si,<br />
saqarTvelos mxatvarTa XI yrilobaze<br />
gaixsenebs Tavis gamosvlaSi mxatvari<br />
zurab leJava parizis luvrSi firosmanis<br />
gamofenis gaxsnas: `Cvens Tvalwin<br />
saocari sanaxaoba gadaiSala: luvrSi<br />
meore sarTulze amaval marmarilos<br />
orfrTiani kibis safexurebze idga napoleonisdroindel<br />
dragunTa ulamazes<br />
formaSi gamowyobili safrangeTis<br />
erovnuli gvardiis sapatio yarauli<br />
gaSiSvlebuli xmlebiT. me SemZra am<br />
moulodnelobam! xom verasodes warmoidgenda<br />
niko firosmanaSvili, rom<br />
gardacvalebidan ormociode wlis<br />
Semdeg mis Semoqmedebas aseTi triumfiT<br />
Sexvdeboda msoflio kulturis<br />
erT-erTi centri _ parizi?!..~ igi<br />
daasaxelebs im dRes luvrSi misul<br />
firosmanis niWis Tayvanismcemlebs,<br />
ZiriTadad _ franguli kulturuli<br />
elitis warmomadgenlebs da iqve,<br />
TiTqos gakvriT, aRniSnavs: àRelvebuli<br />
idgnen parzeli qarTvelebi, maT<br />
Soris mxatvrebi _ vera faRava da feliqs<br />
varlamiSvili~. _ magram sxvani?<br />
xom ueWvelia, rom sxvac araerTi iqneboda<br />
iq qarTuli diasporidan, magram<br />
im dros CvenSi `miRebuli ar iyo~ maTi<br />
xseneba. arada, ra saintereso da faseuli<br />
iqneboda CvenTvis dRes im adamian-<br />
Ta mRelvare, erovnuli siamayiT aRbe-<br />
Wdili saxeebis `cocxlad~ xilva kino<br />
Tu teleekranze! magram samwuxarod _<br />
arc gamofenis moTaveebs, arc saqarTvelos<br />
delegacias _ ar gaxsenebiaT<br />
qarTuli kulturis istoriisaTvis am<br />
mniSvnelovani movlenis kinofirze aRbeWvdis<br />
aucilebloba. gvian ki, mwerali-dramaturgi<br />
da kinodokumentalisti<br />
rezo TabukaSvili ityvis dananebiT<br />
Tavis film `franguli dRiuris furclebSi~:<br />
`Cvenda samarcxvinod, firosmanis<br />
parizul gamofenaze arc erTi kinokadri<br />
ar gadaRebula!..~<br />
da isev nikalasa da Salomis uiRblobis<br />
faqtebis Tanxvdoma; arc koboSvilis<br />
pirvel gamofenaze, 1940_Si,<br />
gadaRebula (kinokadrebs vin Civis!)<br />
erTi ubralo qronikaluri fotosuraTic<br />
ki da arc romelime gazeTSi<br />
gamoqveynebula mis Sesaxeb raime, Tundac<br />
òrsityviani~ informacia, romli-<br />
Tac gvecodineboda, Tu vin mivida maSin<br />
ebraelTa muzeumSi xalxuri mxatvris<br />
vernisaJis gaxsnaze; iyvnen Tu ara maT<br />
Soris qarTveli mxatvrebi, mwerlebi,<br />
mecnierebi? an _ ra iTqva pirveli<br />
qarTveli ebraeli mxatvris Semoqmedebis<br />
gamo? samwuxarod, im informaciaSi,<br />
romelic erTvis ilia papisimedovis<br />
narkvevs Salom koboSvilze<br />
(1940), konkretuli pasuxi ar aris gace
naTel-Crdili<br />
muli am SekiTxvebze. imJamad qarTvel<br />
ebraelobaSi profesionali xelovnebaTmcodne<br />
aravin iyo. amitomac Zalze<br />
dasanania, rom swavlul-eTnograf<br />
gercel CaCaSvils, _ Tundac gadasaxlebidan<br />
dabrunebis Semdeg, an gvianac<br />
ki, _ mecnierebaTa doqtors, sityva ar<br />
dauZravs da eTnografis TvaliT mainc<br />
ar ganuxilia Tanatomeli xalxuri mxatvris<br />
memkvidreoba. albaT amitomac<br />
meCveneba raRac Suqis gaelvebad, namdvil<br />
yismaTad Salomis uiRbloba-<br />
Si, rom 1949-Si kvlav Camova TbilisSi<br />
ilia erenburgi da amjerad ukve Tavad<br />
Seveyrebi sruliad SemTxveviT mas _<br />
saqarTvelos ebraelTa muzeumSi mosuls<br />
_ da CamrCeba xsovnaSi uSualod<br />
axalcixeli ebraeli vaWari.<br />
mxatvari Salva koboSvili<br />
mosmenili misi naTqvami koboSvilis<br />
suraTebis gamo.<br />
maxsovs: ukve amTavrebda gamofenis<br />
daTvalierebas ilia erenburgi, roca<br />
koboSvilis suraTebTan aRmoCnda.<br />
TiTqos misTvis bunebriv stiqiaSi moxvdao,<br />
uceb aenTo: `kargia, rom es naxatebi<br />
eqponatebSi ar gaTqvefila calke<br />
ilustraciebad, _ Tqva man. _ igi<br />
axali, moulodneli samyaroa CemTvis,<br />
oRond ar vici, ramdenad Seefereba da<br />
gamarTlebulia, _ Tqven rom aRniSnavT,<br />
koboSvils `qarTvel ebraelTa<br />
firosmans~ uZaxdneno. me mgonia, re-<br />
aluri msgavsebis mtkicebisaTvis martoden<br />
emociebi ar kmara, mTavaria sawyisebi,<br />
sulieri Zirebi. firosmani ufro<br />
stiqiaa, masSi Warbobs gzneba, gancda,<br />
an _ Tu gnebavT _ Tavdaviwyebac da<br />
mis xilvebSi TiTqos naklebad udevs<br />
wili fiqrsa da gansjas. is ferTa jadoTi<br />
Sepyrobili artistia, weliwadis<br />
droTa bunebriv cvlasaviT mosalodnelic<br />
da, imavdroulad, moulodneli<br />
da Znelad asaxsnelic. firosmani<br />
TiTqos dasabamidanve ganzogadebul<br />
mxatvrul saxeebad aRiqvams konkretul<br />
naturas... koboSvili ki, ver vityvi<br />
_ bolomde racionaluria-meTqi,<br />
magram masSi aSkarad Tavs iCens saku-<br />
Tari erovnuli geni _ fiqrs ver ir-<br />
axalcixeli qali.<br />
mxatvari Salva koboSvili<br />
qaTmis dakvla “qafaroTisTvis.” mxatvari Salva koboSvili<br />
idebs, verc Tandayolil xsovnas, da<br />
mudam cdilobs saTqmelis ara ganzogadebulad,<br />
aramed konkretul detalebSi<br />
gamoxatvas. me amas naturalizms<br />
ar vuwodeb, es _ ufro _ gancdilis<br />
da naazrevis marTlad gadmoRvris<br />
cda da wadilia... gaocebuli var<br />
am suraTebSi ebraelTa sacxovrisebis,<br />
yofiTi sagnebis, metadre _ kostiumebis<br />
araCveulebrivad zusti warmosaxviT.<br />
es xom namdvili ganZia eTnografebisa<br />
da Cacmulobis istorokosebisTvis.<br />
da ara marto maTTvis. me am naxatebSi<br />
naTlad davinaxe is gansxvave-<br />
ba da Tavisebureba yofiTi garemos da<br />
adamianTa ierisa, rac ase damaxasiaTebeli<br />
yofila saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />
kuTxeSi mosaxle ebraelTa TemebisaTvis<br />
(es cxadliv dasturdeba muzeumis<br />
materialuri eqponatebiT da dokumenturi<br />
fotoilustraciebiTac). raRa<br />
Tqma unda, es yovelive Tavad ama Tu<br />
im kuTxis mkvidr eTnosTan xangrZlivi<br />
TanacxovrebiT ganpirobebuli Taviseburebebia<br />
da sulac ar hgavs, vTqvaT,<br />
Zveli, pirvel msoflio omamdel<br />
ruseTis ebraelTa Ratak `mesteCkur~<br />
yoveldRiurobas, arc evropel aSkenazTa<br />
Temebis ganumeorebel sinamdviles,<br />
romelTa TviTmyofi erovnuli<br />
kultura, samwuxarod, mTlianad<br />
Caiferfla nacisturi vandalizmisa<br />
da arnaxulad sastiki omis qarcecxlSi...<br />
ra cocxlad da moxdenilad<br />
gadmoscems koboSvili TanatomelTa<br />
gamorCeuli ieriT Cawerilobas patara,<br />
provinciuli qalaqis mdore dinamikaSi.<br />
amis sailustraciod es ori<br />
suraTic ikmarebda _ `bazari axalcixeSi~<br />
da `mdidari ebraelis coli midis<br />
abanoSi~... zog suraTSi ki, me ebraelTa<br />
damaxasiaTebeli TviTironiac meniSna...<br />
da mainc, gansakuTrebiT moxibluli<br />
var àxalcixel ebrael qalTa CacmulobaSi~<br />
koboSvilis mier danaxul<br />
qarTuli da aRmosavluri elementebis<br />
sinTeziT, _ Tqva da iqve ikiTxa<br />
xazgasmuli cnobiswadiliT: _ sxvaTa-<br />
Soris, qarTveli ebraelebi, kerZod<br />
_ axalcixelebi, uSualod babilonidan<br />
misuli xom ar ariano?~ Semdeg ki,<br />
gvian, gavige, rom igi Turme sakuTari<br />
siriuli warmomavlobis Zirebs eZebda<br />
mudam.<br />
ar vici, ar maxsovs _ muzeumis<br />
`STabeWdilebaTa wignSi~ ra Cawera,<br />
anda, saerTod, dastova Tu ara raime<br />
Canaweri. verc imas vityvi dabejidebiT<br />
_ misi sityvebi stenografiuli sizustiT<br />
momyavs-meTqi (mas Semdeg didi<br />
dro gamoxda). magram cincxali ymawviluri<br />
cnobiswadiliT xsovnaSi aRbe-<br />
Wdili misi maSindeli zogi gamonaTqvamisa<br />
da azris sworad gadmocemaSi<br />
eWvi ar mepareba.<br />
...da isev vubrundebi 60-ian wlebs.<br />
igi oden `vefxistyaosnis~ 800 wlis iubiliT,<br />
an imxanad ierusalimis qarTvelTa<br />
jvris monasterSi gadaRebuli<br />
rusTavelis freskis fotoaslis<br />
CamotaniT ar darCenila Cemi Taobis<br />
xsovnaSi. ukve igrZnoboda òttepelis~<br />
sunTqva, TumcaRa, samwuxarod, mas ar<br />
dastyobia wina wlebidan gamoyolili<br />
saxelmwifo antisemitizmis susxis moduneba.<br />
albaT amitom iyo, rom maSin<br />
arc saqarTvelos ebraelTa muzeumis<br />
aRdgenaze ufiqria vinme mavans, arc<br />
Salom koboSvilis naxatebis Caketili<br />
sacavidan gamotanaze da maT sajaro<br />
gamofenaze... erTgvari Zvrebi ki,<br />
uTuod, xdeboda, metadre _ mwerlobasa<br />
da saxviT xelovnebaSi. ilandeboda<br />
axali drois niSnebi _ `gamougonebeli~,<br />
`SeuTxzavi~ cxovrebis, misi `Sinagani poeziis~<br />
danaxvisaken swrafva. ibadeboda<br />
àxali esTetika~. es ki, mogexsenebaT,<br />
`faseulobaTa gadafasebis~ gareSe ar<br />
xdeba. rusebma mas” фф”<br />
” ” ””эстетика “ “ “ ф честности”<br />
daarqves. me ki, maSin niWier axalgazrda<br />
kinematografistTa pirveli filme-<br />
13<br />
semk<br />
S. koboSvili.<br />
mxatvari cisana janaSvili<br />
bis ganxilvisas, mas `sindisis esTetika~<br />
vuwode. da axla, Tu im wlebis mxatvrul<br />
mignebaTa Zirebis danaxvas movindomebT<br />
tradiciaSi, Cem Tvalsawierze<br />
isev firosmanis da koboSvilis<br />
suraTebi aRmocendebian uTuod. iqneb<br />
amitomac iZenen CemTvis raRac idumal<br />
iers nikalasa da Salomis (erTdroulad)<br />
bedisa da ubedobis faqtebis<br />
gaxseneba: poeti gogla leoniZe ukve<br />
amTavrebda poemis weras firosmanze da<br />
paralelurad ganaaxla nikalas dakarguli<br />
saflavis Ziebac. maxsovs, 1963-Si,<br />
kukiaze erTi upatrono samarec gaiTxara,<br />
magram samwuxarod, es cdac xelmocarviT<br />
damTavrda. 1966-Si ki, e.w.<br />
`firosmanis kvalmaZieblobas~ TiTqos<br />
tragikuli wertili daesva: gogla<br />
leoniZem dakarga (ambobdnen, zemelze<br />
romeliRac kafeSi darCeniao) tyavis<br />
CanTa, romelSic edo xelnaweri poemisa<br />
firosmanze da wlebis manZilze<br />
rudunebiT Segrovili didZali masala<br />
_ interviuebi da mogonebebi sxvaTa da<br />
sxvaTa _ nikalas gamo. sasowarkveTili<br />
da sisxlgamSrali ambobda Turme<br />
poeti: vis raSi dasWirvebia is CanTa,<br />
an ra TavSi ixlis im Cem xelnawerebs,<br />
maTi wamkiTxveli xom, Cem garda, mainc<br />
aravinaao... es moxda 66-is gvian gazafxulze,<br />
agvistoSi ki gogla leoniZe<br />
gardaicvala. misi axloblebis TqmiT,<br />
im danakargiT gancdili simware ver<br />
gadaitana, dards gadahyvao...<br />
da ai, ormoci wlis Semdeg, 2006_<br />
Si, ukve aq, amerikaSi gavecani mweral<br />
giorgi sanadiraZis bolo namuSevars,<br />
romelSic igonebda, 60-anis dasawyisSi<br />
sagazeTo narkvevis dawera rom<br />
dauvalebiaT misTvis rusTavelis premiis<br />
pirvel lauriatebze da, amdenad,<br />
arcTu SemTxveviT, moxvedrila lado<br />
gudiaSvilis saxelosnoSi TaTariaxlad<br />
gamarTul purmarilze. iq gogla<br />
leoniZe Tamadobda da axalgazrda<br />
literatori gansakuTrebiT gauocebia<br />
(rogorc Tavad aRniSnavda), `roca<br />
poeti eris miZinebul saganZurze saubrobda<br />
da erTad axsena ori xalxuri<br />
mxatvari _ firosmani da Salom koboSvili~;<br />
ufro ki imitom, rom manmade<br />
mas Turme ebraeli mxatvris saxeli arc<br />
gaegona... da axla, roca yovelive amas<br />
vixseneb, fiqri meZaleba: iqneb nanobdameTqi<br />
b-ni gogla, Tavis droze rom ver<br />
Sexvda da ver esaubra Salom koboSvils<br />
nikalas gamo; an iqneb _ Sexvda<br />
kidec da misi naambobis Canawerebic im<br />
dakargul CanTaSi edo? _ vin icis?!..<br />
oTar sefiaSvili<br />
xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe
14<br />
sityva<br />
xaim vaicmanis saxelobis<br />
samecniero centri<br />
xaim vaicmanis<br />
saxelobis samecniero kvleviTi<br />
centri warmoa–<br />
dgens universitets am sityvis<br />
zusti gagebiT. – mis<br />
funqciebSi Sedis agreTve<br />
feinbergis saxelobis aspirantura,<br />
romelic meore da mesame xarisxis (doqtorati) mecnierebs amzadebs.<br />
qalaq rexovoTis teritoriaze mdebare mSvenier parkSi gegmazomieradaa ganlagebuli<br />
keTilmowyobili saswavlo korpusebi, sxvadasxva daniSnulebis laboratoria, studentTa<br />
sacxoverebeli korpusebi da “profesorebis quCa“”. xaim da vera vaicmanebis saxlmuzeumi<br />
parkis erT-erT borcvze dgas, xolo maTi saflavebi - samxreTiT mdebare fiWvisa<br />
da palmis xeebiT moCrdilul myudro kuTxeSi...<br />
msoflio mniSvnelobis mqone es samecniero centri mesame umaRlesi saswavlebelia<br />
israelSi, romelic gaixsna xaifis teqnionisa da ierusalimis ebrauli universitetis<br />
Semdeg 1925 wels (xaim vaicm–anis uSualo iniciativiT). dasawyisSi igi iwodeboda,<br />
rogorc zivis samecniero-kvleviTi centri. xaim vaicmanis<br />
didi damsaxurebaa, rom swored es adgili airCia cdebis<br />
Casatareblad. igi cdilobda Seeqmna qimiuri formula im<br />
sasuqisa, romelic israelis soflis meurneobas saSualebas<br />
miscemda udabnosa da xriok adgilebSic moeyvana uxvi<br />
mosavali. finansuri daxmareba vaicmanma miiRo lord israel<br />
da ribka zivebis ojaxisagan, romelTac daaarses es samecniero-kvleviTi<br />
centri (igi sami patara laboratoriisagan<br />
Sedgeboda) maTi tragikulad daRupuli mcirewlovani vaJis<br />
saxelis ukvdavsayofad.<br />
vaicmanma didi xalisiT daiwyo centris gafarToebisa<br />
da popularizaciis saqme. msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi eZebda<br />
mecnierebsa da swavlulebs, romelTac iwvevda kvlevebis<br />
Casatareblad. am movlenebTan dakavSirebiT 1944 wels aSSis<br />
sionistma ebraelebma meir vaisglasis TaosnobiT Seqmnes<br />
daxmarebis fondi, romelic centris ganaSenianebasa da gafarToebas<br />
isaxavda miznad. xolo 1949 wels, vaicmanis dabadebis<br />
75 wlisTavze, gaixsna samecniero – kvleviTi-centris<br />
mTavari Senoba.<br />
centrSi funqcionirebs ZiriTadi fakulteti, romelic<br />
aerTianebs mecnierebisa da teqnologiis ganviTarebis yvelaze<br />
Tanamedrove meTodebsa biologiis, bioqimiis, qimiis,<br />
fizikis, gamomTvleli manqanebisa da maTematikis dargebSi.<br />
studentebi samecniero kvlevebs atareben uaxlesi teqnikiT<br />
aRWurvil laboratoriebsa saswavlo-–sacdel klasebSi.<br />
vaicmanis centrSi swavla ebraul enaze warmoebs, magram stu–<br />
dentebs inglisuri enis srulyofili codnac moeTxovebaT.<br />
calke SenobaSi ganTavsebulia ganyofileba, romelic<br />
uzrunvelyofs Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad saswavlo<br />
programebisa da pedagogiuri mecnierebis daxvewas.<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba sabunebismetyvelo, maTematikisa da programuli<br />
uzrunvelyofis ganaxlebuli versiebis sistematizacias.<br />
ase magaliTad, programa feraxi” saSualebas aZlevs umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebs,<br />
– rogorc adgilobrivebs iseve ucxoelebs, miRon specialuri stipendia saSualo<br />
da dawyebiTi skolebis moswavleTa daxmarebis sanacvlod. moswavle axalgazrdobisaTvis<br />
gaxsnilia specialuri kursebi, sadac imaRleben codnas sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa<br />
sferoSi. iseTi obieqtebi, rogoricaa “samecniero baRi” da “axalgazrda mecnierTa forumi”,<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben saSualo skolis moswavleTa Soris warCinebuli da<br />
samecniero sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli axalgazrdobis mozidvas. yovelwliurad ewyoba”<br />
samecniero festivali”.<br />
centrSi warmatebiT funqcionirebs rigi ganyofilebebisa, romelic dakavebulia<br />
hidrologiis, energetikis, samTo-sainJinro da wiaRiseuli simdidris mopovebis, udabnos<br />
pirobebs Seguebuli mcenareebisa da wylis gaumtknarebis sakiTxebiT. Tana–medrove<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
samedicino, qimiur da<br />
teqnologiur sferoeb-<br />
Si mopovebuli udidesi<br />
warmatebebisa da msofli<br />
saxelis wya–lobiT, centris<br />
mesveurebi did daxmarebas<br />
uweven samecniero<br />
da sam–rewvelo xasiaTis obieqtebs, rogorc israelSi, ise msoflios sxva kuTxeebSi. amis<br />
meSveobiT vaicmanis centris saSemosavlo biujeti yo–velwliurad izrdeba; misi didi<br />
nawili ki xmardeba cen–tris ga–farToebis, ganaxlebisa da mowinave teqnologiebiT aR-<br />
Wurvis saqmes.<br />
pirveli kompiuteri “ “ “vaiceki” 1955 wels Seiqmna am centrSi, sul ramdenime welSi ki igi<br />
Secvala ufro srulyofilma da teqnikurad moxerxebulma gamomTvlelma manqanebma. dRes<br />
es fakulteti erT-erT yvelaze Zlier da Semosavlian akademiur erTeulad iTvleba. israelis<br />
saerTo erovnuli Semosavlis zrdaSi udidesi damsaxureba miuZRvis ara marto<br />
kompiuteruli fakultetis did miRwevebs, aramed bioqimiisa da samedicino disciplinebis<br />
ganyofilebebsac. am fakultetebis kursdamTavrebulebze<br />
didi moTxovnaa rogorc israelSi, iseve sazRvargareT. sadac<br />
isini muSaoben, samecniero – kvlevisa da winmswrafi proeqtebis<br />
gamarjveba garantirebulia. es faqti mTelma msofliom<br />
aRiara. amitomac aris, rom maT, rogorc ityvian, “itaceben”<br />
msoflios didi samecniero centrebi da maRali teqnologiebis<br />
bazarze momuSave kompaniebi. am fakultetis or mecniers<br />
mieniWa tiuringis saer–TaSoriso prizi kompiuteruli<br />
mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTYvis. wels ki<br />
fakultetis profesoris – ehud Sapiras mier Seiqmna msoflioSi<br />
pirveli biologiuri kompiuteri.<br />
biologiis, bioqimiisa da qimiis fakultetebis erToblivi<br />
samecniero kvlevis nayofia israelis samamulo medicinis<br />
maRali done da, rasakvirvelia, is miRwevebi, romlebic<br />
yovelwliurad, zog–jer ki yovelTviuradac ki amdidreben<br />
Tanamedrove mZime daava–debaTa sawinaaRmdego medikamentebis,<br />
preparatebisa da meTodebis same–dicino katalogebis sias.<br />
dafantuli skleroziT daavadebulTaTvis Seqmnili wamali<br />
“ “ “ “ “ “ фффффф”фkopeqsoni”ф”<br />
vaicmanis samecniero centris bioqimiuri<br />
fakultetis mecnierTa Sromis Sedegia. am wamals dRes msoflios<br />
yvela kuTxeSi iyeneben, xolo misi warmoebis mTeli<br />
ufleba ekuT–vnis israelis farmakologiis udides firma<br />
“tevas”.<br />
bolo wlebSi israelSi sagrZnoblad Semcirda sisxlis,<br />
swori nawlavisa da mkerdis kibos SemTxvevebi. es dadebiTi<br />
tendencia ki pirdapiraa dakavSirebuli vaicmanis centrSi<br />
Seqmnil preparatze – “”arbitoksi”.<br />
wels nobelis premia qimiaSi mieniWa pirvel israel qals,<br />
profe–sor ada ionaTs 30 wliani samecniero-kvleviTi naSromisaTvis<br />
“”ribozomis struqturuli agebulebis gamokvleva”.”<br />
vaicmanis samecniero centris uSualo kavSirma da urTierT–TanamSromlobam israelis<br />
samxedro da kerZod, samxedro-sahaero mrewvelobasTan, udidesi Zvrebi moaxdina misi<br />
gaumjobesebisa da msoflio standartebis simaRleze ayvanis saqmeSi. samxedro iaraRis<br />
mwarmoebeli iseTi gaerTianebebi, rogoricaa ”rafaeli””, ”“taasi””, ”“elbiti””, ”“elsinti””<br />
da mravali sxva Tavis did warmatebebs umadlian am centris mecnierTa maRal profesiul<br />
dones.<br />
msoflios yvela kuTxidan Camodian studentebi da aspirantebi codnis asamaRleblad,<br />
samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, msoflio mniSvnelobis mqone samecniero centris<br />
esoden nayofieri Sromisa da muSaobis principebis gasacnobad. ramdeni didi mecnieri<br />
gamosula xaim vaicmanis saxelobis samecniero-kvleviTi centridan? vin moTvlis!<br />
yovelive ki daiwyo sami patara laboratoriis kedlebSi gasuli saukunis pirvel<br />
naxevarSi...<br />
izolda krixeli<br />
ada ionaTi abram herSko aharon Caxanoveri robert umani<br />
xaim vaicmanis saxelobis samec-<br />
niero kvleviTi centris qimiis<br />
fakultetis profesori.<br />
gamokvlevis Tema: ribozomis<br />
struqturuli agebuleba 2009<br />
weli<br />
israelis mecnierebi - 21-e saukunis<br />
nobelis premiis laureatebi<br />
xaifis teqnionis<br />
qimiis fakultetis profesori<br />
xaifis teqnionis<br />
qimiis fakultetis profesori<br />
erToblivi gamokvlevis Tema: ujredSi cilebis daSlis perioduli<br />
procesis aRmoCena. 2004 weli<br />
ieruSalaimis ebrauli universitetis<br />
ekonomikuri fakultetis<br />
profesori<br />
gamokvlevis Tema: dapirispirebis<br />
situacia da gadawyvetilebaTa<br />
miRebis strategia TamaSis<br />
dros. 2005 weli
SoTa bostanaSvili<br />
daibada 1948 w. qalaq TbilisSi.<br />
1972 wels daamTavra saqarTvelos<br />
politeqnikuri instituti,<br />
arqiteqtoris specialobiT.<br />
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis<br />
sruli profesori,<br />
arqiteqturis saerTaSoriso<br />
akademiebis profesori, wevr-korespondenti,<br />
sruli wevri (1997-<br />
98).<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo premiis<br />
da mravali saerTaSoriso premiebis<br />
laureati (1983, 1985, 1987,<br />
2003, 2006 ww.)<br />
asamde SemoqmedebiTi proeqtisa<br />
da realizaciis avtori.<br />
Rirsebis ordenis kavaleri.<br />
Tbilisi - orTaWala<br />
axalcixe<br />
vani<br />
oni<br />
ksaqarTvelos ebrauli saflavebi<br />
erTob mgrZnobiare da mtkivneuli<br />
Temaa israelSi da msoflios sxva qveyneb-<br />
Si damkvidrebuli qarTveli ebraelebisaTvis.<br />
redaqciam TxovniT mimarTa cnobil<br />
arqiteqtors da mecniers, ebrauli<br />
saflavebisa da sinagogebis aRiarebul<br />
eqsperts - b-n SoTa bostanaSvils, rom amis<br />
Sesaxeb Tavisi kompetenturi azri moewodebina<br />
Cveni gazeTis mkiTxvelisaTvis.<br />
galuTSi darCenili sinagoga da sasaflao sevdiani<br />
ambavia.., da sasixaruloc - galuTis boloa.<br />
sasaflao - galuTis xiluli kvali da vali<br />
(micva), micvalebulTa ”sicocxlis saxlis” (beTxaim)<br />
sazrunavs gviCens. am werilSi kvals gavavloT<br />
Tvali (sinagogebze sxva werilSi visaubroT).<br />
TbilisSi sami sasaflaoa: ”orTaWalis” (daxuruli<br />
sasaflao); ”navTluRis” da ”axali”, romelic qalaqis<br />
ukidures aRmosavleT nawilSia - varkeTilSi; misi<br />
farTobi daaxloebiT oTxi heqtaria, SemosazRvrulia<br />
RobiT da emijneba sxva sasaflaos. am adgils<br />
aqvs zedmetsaxeli - ”dampalo”. es axali drois<br />
sasaflao gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebidan iwyebs<br />
Sevsebas ”axali” - aratradiciuli arqiteqturiT da<br />
gamoirCeva formaTa siWreliT, qandakebebis siuxviT<br />
da lapidaruli warwerebis simwiriT. ”dampalo”<br />
”xmamaRla” asaxavs socialur diferenciacias,<br />
materialur moWarbebas da damSret sulierebas.<br />
orTaWalis Zveli sasaflao, romelsac movlapatronoba<br />
aklia, iseve rogorc sxva sasaflaoebi,<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis Rirsia mravali niSniT<br />
(arqiteqturuli, istoriuli, eTnografiuli da sxva).<br />
saflavis qvebis warwerebidan irkveva, rom igi gasuli<br />
saukunis dasawyisSi daarsebula. aq dakrZalulia<br />
bevri gamoCenlili moRvawe. gansakuTrebul<br />
interess iwvevs saflavis qvebis arqiteqtura -<br />
maTi stilisturi simravle; rTuli profilebis<br />
ostaturi damuSaveba; Zvirfasi qvebis nairgvarovneba<br />
(bazalti, graniti, marmarilo, labradori da sxva).<br />
portretebis galerea da lapidaruli warwerebi<br />
saintereso masalaa mecnieruli kvlevisTvis.<br />
sasaflaos ukavia erTnaxevari heqtari farTi<br />
da SemoRobilia (Robe xSirad ziandeba). saWiroebs<br />
movla-patronobas, radgan saxezea unikaluri<br />
memoriali - ”ebrauli baRi”. analogiuri memorialia<br />
navTluRis sasaflao - ”daberebuli”, magram movlili,<br />
- es navTluRis (aSkenazebis) sasaflaoa.<br />
samwuxarod, unda aRiniSnos, rom samive sasaflaoze<br />
1991 – 2001 wlebSi moxda is, rac usaxelod darCa.<br />
zogadad mas saflavebis xelyofa ewoda, rac upirveles<br />
yovlisa, Cveni saerTo problemebis nawilia.<br />
quTaisis sasaflao ”safiCxias” araebrauli<br />
sasaflaos gayolebazea da misgan gamoyofilia RobiT.<br />
mravalmxriv sainteresoa, stilisturad gamorCeulia<br />
da mravalferovania ”safiCxias” saflavis qvebi.<br />
maTi gamorCeulobis mTavari niSani, kompoziciasTan<br />
da plastikasTan erTad, ornamenti da CuqurTmaa -<br />
quTaisuri kazmulobaa.<br />
axalcixis sasaflao mTazea Sefenili da warmoadgens<br />
”ebrauli mTis” tradiciul nimuSs. es zikuraTebiviT<br />
aRmarTuli saukunovani Zeglebi - gansakuTrebuli<br />
movlenaa saerTo ebraul kulturaSi (da aramarto<br />
ebraulSi). es Zeglebi warmoadgenen qviSa-qvis<br />
samsafexurian piramidebs. maTi fuZis zomebi 1,5X2,5<br />
m., simaRle 2 – 2,5 m. aRwevs, wona 1 – 2 tonas. qvebi<br />
moCuqurTmebuli da damuSavebulia arqiteqturuli<br />
profilebiT. analogiuri tipis Zegli fiqsirebulia<br />
ebraul enciklopediaSi (”Teqvsmettomeuli”. 2.<br />
t.), rogorc grafikuli gamosaxuleba antverpenis<br />
sasaflaodan da axlavs komentari, rom is ebrauli<br />
tradiciebis etalonia da ukanasknelad amsterdamSi<br />
unaxavT da CauxatiaT. Cans, rom axalcixis Sesaxeb<br />
informacia ar gaaCndaT.<br />
”yvelaze Zveli warwerebiani saflavis qvebi, rac<br />
vipove, ganekuTvneba 5506 (1749 w.) samyaros gaCenidan”<br />
- aRniSnavs iehuda Corni (53. 161).<br />
axalcixis sasaflao Zeglebi, pirvel yovlisa,<br />
xuroTmoZRvrebis didebulebas gadmogvcemen da<br />
15<br />
semk<br />
v a l i<br />
sazogado faseulobad gvevlinebian; isini zustad<br />
asaxaven ToraSi aRweril samsxverplos parametrebs:<br />
”gaakeTe samsxverplo akaciis xeTagan. xuTi wyrTa<br />
hqondes sigrZe, xuTi wyrTa sigane, oTxkuTxa iyos da<br />
sami wyrTa hqondes simaRle” (gamosv. 27:1). wyrTa,<br />
daaxloebiT 0,5 metria. amdenad metrul sistemaSi<br />
samsxverplos zomebia 2,5X2,5 m. da simaRle 1,5<br />
m. traqtati ”midoT” gvamcnobs, rom samsxverplo<br />
Sesdgeba erTmaneTze dadebuli, sami sxvadasxva zomis<br />
filisagan, ise rogorc safexurebiani piramida.<br />
axalcixis zikuraTebi TandaTan miwaSi eflobian<br />
- midian. bolo wlebSi ”ebrauli mTa” aSkarad<br />
SeTxelda da male gauCinardeba...<br />
awyuris Zveli sasaflaos adgils Znelad<br />
mivakvlie. es axalcixel ebraelTa Zveli namosaxlaris<br />
ukanaskneli nakvalevia. tye-RreSi mimofantuli<br />
”zikuraTebi” yvelaze ufro sevdiani suraTia - iqneb<br />
aseTia sxva, yvela ebrauli nakvalevis xvalindeli<br />
dRec.<br />
onSi ori ebrauli sasaflaoa. erTi - Zveli,<br />
gauqmebuli, sadac mxolod ramdenime masiuri qvis<br />
fila Cans ebrauli warweriT, danarCens ki miwa<br />
faravs. meore - moqmedi sasaflao - imave quCis<br />
boloSia, sadac sinagogaa. am quCas rabi daviT<br />
baazovis saxeli ewodeba.<br />
sasaflao mSvenier landSaftSia Cafluli,<br />
”ZvelTan” SedarebiT sakmaod mozrdilia (daaxloebiT<br />
erTi heqtari) da SemosazRvrulia RobiT. saflavis<br />
qvebi gamoirCevian formebis nairsaxeobiT, ornamentikiT,<br />
ebrauli lapidaruli warwerebiT da warmoadgenen<br />
oneli ebraelobis epigrafikul matianes.<br />
vanis da kulaSis sasaflaoebi da sinagogebi erTi<br />
quCis gaRma-gamoRmaa.<br />
vanis sasaflao yuradRebas ipyrobs imiT, rom<br />
saflavis Zveli fila-qvebi rkinabetonis sayrdenebze<br />
auweviaT israelSi wasul ebraelebs. es faqti<br />
erTis mxriv zrunvaa Zeglis gadarCenaze, meore<br />
mxriv exmianeba Soreul tradiciebs. mag. amsterdamis<br />
sasaflao (ebr. encik. t. 11. 347).<br />
kulaSis sasaflao, 1990-iani wlebidan, qarTveli<br />
qalbatonis (aw ukve misi rZlis) wyalobiT,<br />
gamorCeulad movlilia.<br />
cxinvalis axali sasaflaos qvis matiane gasuli<br />
saukunis 40-ian wlebSi iwyeba. 50-ian wlebSi ki<br />
waiSala Zveli sasaflaos kvali. am axlo xanebamde<br />
iq sacxovrebeli ganaSenianeba iyo.<br />
cxinvalis yofili mkvidri, mecnieri gerSon ben<br />
oreni - wiwuaSvili pirad werilSi igonebs: ”... am<br />
adgilas 1971 w. erTad miyrili saflavis qvebi iyo.<br />
... cxinvalSi sul 7 salocavi iyo, me piradad yvelas<br />
adgilmdebareoba vici. maTgan zogi nasaxlars, an<br />
nafuZars warmoadgens, zogi ki gauqmebuli salocavis<br />
saxiT me TviTon gadaviRe 1971 wels. iq sadac axla<br />
macis sacxobia, ori salocavi iyo erTad. yvela es<br />
adgili - Tundac mTlianad iyos waSlili kvali<br />
- fotofiqsirebis Rirsia, rogorc dokumenti<br />
salocavis iavaryofis”.<br />
banZis sasaflaos aSkarad etyoba garkveuli<br />
zrunva (kuratori b-ni soso ajiaSvili).<br />
goris da baTumis sasaflaoebs jer kidev<br />
hyavT patronad mcirericxvovani jamaaTi. (baTumis<br />
sasaflaoze yvelaze adreuli qva daTariRebulia<br />
1879 wliT. aq, arqiteqturuli TvalsazrisiT,<br />
ramdenime sruliad gamorCeuli saxis memorialia).<br />
rac Seexeba lailaSs, qarels, surams, saCxeres, soxums<br />
da ukve foTsac, ebrauli nakvalevis niSniT aSkarad<br />
akliaT sazogado zrunva.<br />
P.S. bolo ori aTeuli welia piradi da profesiuli<br />
movaleoba saqarTvelos ebraelTa nakvalevze<br />
”maxetialebs”. es erTdroulad nisan babalikaSvilis<br />
nakvalevia, vinc pirvelma aqcia ”ebrauli baRis”<br />
epigrafika mecnieruli gansjis sagnad. erTi saqmea<br />
maTi fotofiqsacia, zusti anazomebis Sesruleba,<br />
xuroTmoZRvruli da istoriuli kvleva da meorea<br />
maTi movla-patronoba, mecnieruli monografiis<br />
gamocema - wignad datoveba - Zalian sasurvelia.<br />
SoTa bostanaSvili
16<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
rubrika Cveni saxelovani sportsmenebi<br />
nugzar janaSvili<br />
- me maqvs mTeli “Taiguli”<br />
e.w. israeluri daavadebebis,<br />
rac ki adamians SeiZleba<br />
sWirdes...<br />
- ras gulisxmobT, lev maiseeviC?<br />
- pirveli – saxsrebi...<br />
- es imitom, rom Tqven sul moZraobaSi<br />
iyaviT, 89 wlamde moaRwieT da axlac, rom<br />
ityvian, karg formaSi xarT...<br />
- sisxlZarRvebis Seviwroeba...<br />
- esec Tqveni sisxlsavse cxovrebis bralia,<br />
roca uars araferze eubnebodiT Tavs...<br />
- gulis iSemia, ariTmia...<br />
- Tqven mudam gqondaT mgrZnobiare guli,<br />
yvelaferi gulTan migqondaT da rasac akeTebdiT,<br />
gulianad akeTebdiT...<br />
- diabeti...<br />
-tkbili kaci xarT, lev maiseeviC, tkbili...<br />
***<br />
- yvelafers Casawerad da miT ufro<br />
gamosaqveyneblad ar mogiTxrobT, ymawvilebo.<br />
mexsierebas ar vuCivi, iseTi ambebic maxsovs,<br />
rac iqneb jobda kidec, damviwyeboda; magram<br />
rogorc guls, gonebasac ver ubrZaneb. Segi-<br />
ZliaT daijeroT, SegiZliaT ara, rom Cemi yvela<br />
partia, naTamaSevi oficialur saWadrako<br />
doneze, aqaa CemSi, magram ori da udavod Cemi<br />
cxovrebis umTavresi partia, romlebmac Cems biografias<br />
gansakuTrebuli daRi daasva, dRemde<br />
mikvirs da gamkvirvebia, arc maSin, da axla xo<br />
da xo, ar SemorCa xsovnas... Tumca, yvelafers<br />
jobia, Tavidan, dalagebiT giamboT...<br />
- Cveni gvari (gerSkoviCi) wminda ebrauli warmoSobisaa<br />
– gerS – ebraulad xeivans (“alei”)<br />
niSnavs. mamaCemi e.w. “nikolozis jariskaci”<br />
gaxldaT, e.i. 25 weli jarSi samsaxuri, cixesaviT,<br />
garantirebuli hqonda.<br />
- Tumca, erTi upiratesoba, Tu SeiZleba amas<br />
upiratesoba daerqvas, amgvar “misjilT” mainc<br />
hqondaT: samsaxuris dasrulebis Semdeg (vinc<br />
cocxali darCeboda, ra Tqma unda) SeeZloT<br />
TavianTi neba-surviliT amoerCiaT sacxovrebeli<br />
adgili ruseTis nebismier guberniaSi. da<br />
ai, mamaCemma Tbilisi airCia, sadac davibade<br />
kidec 1920 wels. deda aSkenazi rabinis qaliSvili<br />
gaxldaT, ase rom, Cems 100% ebraelobaSi<br />
eWvi ar SegeparoT... es ise, xumrobiT, ra<br />
Tqma unda, Torem yvelani ebraelebi ara varT<br />
am yolamze – ubralod, zogma viciT es, zogma<br />
– ara...<br />
- Tqven istoriis wignebidan mainc gexsomebaT<br />
stalinis epoqa. man iseTi avtoriteti moixveWa<br />
(Tu rogor da ra gzebiT, Sors wagviyvans<br />
amis garCeva) rom yoveli misi gamonaTqvami<br />
direqtivad aRiqmeboda, xolo despot xelisufalTan<br />
urTierTobisa da “status kvo”-s SenarCunebis<br />
saukeTeso saSualeba xelqveiTTaTvis<br />
– mliqvnelobaa, gansakuTrebiT es kunTmagarTa<br />
da WkuasustTa kastas exeba, ai sxvagvarad<br />
moazrovneTa da gonebagaxsnilTa bolo<br />
ki – represiebi da 1937-ia...<br />
- erTi sityviT, stalinma 30-ian wlebSi Tavis<br />
erT-erT gamosvlaSi sabWoTa sportis strategiul<br />
mimarTulebad 3 saxeoba – tanvarjiSi,<br />
Zalosnoba da Wadraki daasaxela. aqedan iwyeba<br />
Wadrakis masobrivi winsvla da ganviTareba<br />
Zmur kavSirSi. yalibdeba saWadrako wreebi<br />
skolebTan, pionerTa saxlebTan da sasaxleebTan,<br />
sportskolebTan... swored pioner-<br />
Ta sasaxlis aRzrdili gaxlavarT mec, xolo<br />
Cemi mwvrTneli iyo uspetakesi da upatiosnesi<br />
pirovneba – viqtor gogliZe.<br />
1933 wels moskovSi I sakavSiro turniri<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
tardeboda WadrakSi moswavleTa Soris. axla<br />
rasac me mogiTxrobT, SeiZleba Tqven ar daijeroT,<br />
dawerT Tu ar dawerT, esec Tqveni prerogativaa,<br />
magram yvelaferi ase ki iyo.<br />
am turnirze wasvlis ori kandidati gaxldiT<br />
– me da Cemi megobari andria gamrekeli,<br />
brwyinvale adamiani da SemdgomSi saukeTeso<br />
qirurgi. moskovSi gamgzavrebamde ramdenime<br />
dRiT adre me avad gavxdi, amdenad gamrekelis<br />
wasvla turnirze sruliad binebrivi Canda, magram<br />
sxvagvarad sjida gangeba da viqtor gogliZe<br />
- man humanurobisa da samarTlianobis<br />
saukeTeso Tviseba gamoavlina – avadmyofs, saxlSi<br />
gamomigzavnis andrias CemTan sakontrolo<br />
mini-turniris gasamarTavad da gamarjvebulis<br />
gamosavlenad. xolo rogor iqceva am dros Tavad<br />
gamrekeli? – rogorc Zveli qarTveli TavadiSvili<br />
– aSkarad sustad TamaSobs CemTan,<br />
agebs da amas mwvrTnelTanac aRiarebs – aba,<br />
""ad mea ve esrim"",...<br />
lev maiseeviC<br />
avadmyof megobars mTeli ZaliT xom ar veTamaSebodio?!...<br />
diax, iyvnen aseTi adamianebi, da<br />
aseTi adamianebi, ar vaWarbeb, mxolod saqarTveloSi<br />
SeiZleba yofiliyvnen. gana boria pai-<br />
WaZis ambavi ar gaxsovT, waqceuli mekare rom<br />
wamoayena da burTi ar gaitana? Tanac ar dagaviwydeT,<br />
baton viqtor gogliZes gamrekeli<br />
rom gaegzavna moskovSi, momCivani eyoleboda<br />
viTom vinme? – me avad gaxldiT, gamrekeli ki<br />
Cemze aranakleb iyo momzadebuli...<br />
erTi sityviT, moskovSi me gavemgzavre.<br />
saukeTeso saTamaSo da sacxovrebeli pirobebi<br />
Segviqmnes – turnirze meore-mesame saprizo<br />
adgilebi gaviyavi boleslavskisTan – Semdgom-<br />
Si didostatTan da aranakleb cnobil mwvrTnelTan.<br />
magram mTavari ambebi mainc mere datrialda<br />
– Cven gvewvia Tavad mixeil botviniki<br />
– sabWoTa kavSiris 1931 wlis Cempioni da<br />
msoflio Cempionobis pretendenti, romelmac<br />
TamaSis erTdrouli seansi gamarTa oc dafaze.<br />
erTi partia waago, erTi – CemTan – yaimiT daasrula,<br />
danarCeni Tvrameti moigo. ai, swored es<br />
partiaa, romlis peripetiebi saerTod ar maxsovs.<br />
amitomac mjera zebunebrivis – maradonasi<br />
ar iyos, am miRwevaSi “haSemis” xeli eria!<br />
da ra xdeba TbilisSi dabrunebisas?<br />
Tbilisi mxvdeba rogorc gmirs! daijerebT,<br />
oci wlis (!) ganmavlobaSi TiTiT uCvenebdnen<br />
Cemze – ai, es ymawvilia, botvinikTan yaims rom<br />
miaRwiao da sulac ar gahkvirebiaT, roca erTi<br />
wlis Semdeg, isev moskovSi, isev erTdrouli<br />
TamaSis seansze TviT emanuel laskerTanac mivaRwie<br />
yaims! xolo es is meore partiaa, romlis<br />
paripetiebic absoluturad daviwyebuli<br />
maqvs!<br />
***<br />
saerTod me inJineri gaxlavarT, inJinermeqanikosi,<br />
da Cemi Segnebuli cxovreba SromaSi<br />
gamitarebia. mimuSavia TbilisSi, saaviacio<br />
qarxanaSi, moskovSi, vilniusSi, vasrulebdiT<br />
specialur saxelmwifo dakveTebs, romelic<br />
saidumlo grifiT igzavneboda moskovSi.<br />
rogorc Semdgom gavigeT, CvenTan damzadebuli<br />
bevri xelsawyo gamoiyenes iuri gagarinis<br />
I kosmosuri xomaldis asagebad. kidev mravali<br />
saidumlo xelsawyo dagvimzadebia, razedac me<br />
dRes ver mogiTxrobT...<br />
- lev maiseeviC, arc me, arc boris CaCanaSvili<br />
politbiurodan da miT umetes “kgb”-dan<br />
ar gaxlavarT, ase rom SegiZliaT mSvidad da<br />
Tavisuflad ilaparakoT.<br />
- maS, “Sinaurebi” xarT da “inaurebi” (aleqsi<br />
inauri – saqarTvelos uSiSroebis komitetis<br />
yofili Tavmjdomare – red.) ar gireviaT?<br />
– kargiT.<br />
g. ZoweniZisa da z. kvaWaZis xelmoweriT<br />
saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli inJinris wodeba<br />
1971 wlis 18 maisis dadgenilebiT momeniWa, magram<br />
Cemi cxovrebis mizani, gataceba, hobi, rac<br />
gnebavT, is daarqviT, mainc Wadraki iyo. damijerebT,<br />
rom me pirvelma viwinaswarmetyvele<br />
gafrindaSvilis msoflio Cempionoba?! roca 11<br />
wlis nonas partiis Canaweri maCvena vaxtang<br />
qarselaZem, me SevZaxe: ”es bavSvi msoflio Cempioni<br />
gaxdeba!” uniWieresi gogona gaxldaT<br />
nona...<br />
...erTxans vcxovrobdi da vmuSaobdi moskov-<br />
Si. im periodSi mimdinareobda pretendentTa<br />
matCebi – iwyeboda kasparovis varskvlavis gabrwyineba.<br />
nomenklatura yvelanairad xels uSlida<br />
mis winsvlas. pretendentTa finalur –<br />
kasparov – smislovis Sexvedras CafuSvac ki<br />
daemuqra. Tqven mogexsenebaT, ras niSnavda ma-<br />
Sin vertikaluri mmarTveloba – umaRlesi eSelonebis<br />
sityvieri miTiTebac kmaroda da... sab-<br />
WoTa respublikebis verc erTma xelmZRvanelma<br />
ver ikisra am matCis Catarebis organizeba. ma-<br />
Sin me moskovidan vilniusSi Cavedi da mikenasi<br />
(cnobili saWadrako moRvawe, saerTaSoriso<br />
katregoriis msaji – n. j.) davarwmune matCis<br />
gamarTvis aucileblobaSi. mikenasi gavleniani<br />
pirovneba gaxldaT, Seawuxa litvis maSindeli<br />
ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomare da ai... litva<br />
mzadaa pretendentTa misaRebad! mTavari msaji,<br />
suraTze marcxnidan marjvniv: lev gerSkoviCi,<br />
maia CiburdaniZe da gari kasparovi<br />
suraTze marcxnidan marjvniv: vasili smislovi,<br />
arvidas mikenasi, lev gerSkoviCi da gari kasparovi<br />
arvidas mikenasi, msaji – Tqveni mona-morCili<br />
(sxvaTa Soris iq me momeniWa WadrakSi litvis<br />
sportis ostatis wodeba). kasparovis aRzevebas<br />
win veraferi daudgeboda, Tumca win iyo karpovi<br />
– kidev erTi nomenklaturuli barieri! magram<br />
es ukve sxva saubris Temaa...<br />
- es suraTebi kasparovTan da mis dedasTanaa<br />
gadaRebuli, Cans, Tqven ojaxuradac axlos<br />
iyaviT maTTan?<br />
- Zalian axlos. klara Saginovnas tolmis<br />
gemo axlac maxsovs (klara kasparova xom<br />
somexia, somxebs ki tolma kargad gamosdiT, -<br />
es ar icoda “miminom”, magram kargad icodnen<br />
gia daneliam da frunzik mkrtiCianma). garis<br />
mama gvarad vainStaini iyo, musikosi, mevio-
line, romelic axalgazrdul asakSi gardaicvala.<br />
klaramac da garimac uRrmesi madloba<br />
gadamixades matCis gadarCenisa da momavali<br />
msoflio Cempionis Seuferxebel winsvlaSi<br />
daxmarebisTvis. simarTle giTxraT, marTlac<br />
mimiZRoda wvlili...<br />
aa, es suraTebi? es suraTebi Cemi da lionia<br />
bronSteinis urTierTobasa da megobrobas<br />
asaxavs. igi aqac mewvia, naTaniaSi, sadac axla<br />
Tqven sxedxarT, mag divanze ijda da vsaubrobdiT.<br />
Tqven gaxsovT trockis namdvili gvari?<br />
- ra Tqma unda, bronSteini – erTdroulad<br />
wamoviZaxeT me da boriam – nuTu?...<br />
- me mets verafers maTqmevinebT, am gvaris<br />
gamo moWadrake bronSteini Zalian dazaralda.<br />
- ras gulisxmobT dazaralebaSi, lev<br />
maiseeviC, botvinikic ebraeli iyo da bron-<br />
Steinic, ra mniSvneloba hqonda mTavrobisTvis,<br />
romeli ebraeli avidoda saWadrako taxtze?<br />
- Zalze didi. botviniki (romelic simarTle<br />
giTxraT, saWadrako samyaroSi maincdamainc ar<br />
uyvardaT) e.w. mTavrobisTvis misaRebi pirovneba<br />
iyo (lev maiseeviCma mis Sesaxeb sxva epiTetic<br />
ixmara, Tanac qarTulad – didi goTverani kaci<br />
iyoo; ufro ‘’pikanturi’’ gamoTqmebic daayola,<br />
magram maTi gamoqveynebisgan Tavs SevikavebT),<br />
xelmZRvanelobisTvis sasurveli, xolo bron-<br />
Steini... bronSteini Zalian dazaralda – meTqi<br />
Tavisi gvaris gamo...<br />
- ki, magram, lev maiseeviC, Tqven raRacas malavT,<br />
trockizmi xom karga xnis aRmofxvrili<br />
iyo maSin?<br />
- eh, ymawvilebo (am dros boris CaCanaSvili<br />
68-s ukakunebs, me – 55 wlis “mozardi” gaxlavarT<br />
da Cven, bunebrivia, ymawvilebi varT -<br />
n.j.). stalinis Sinelis mgoni exlac eSiniaT...<br />
maSin ki jer kidev 1951 welia da sul male “eqimTa<br />
saqmec” agordeba da mTel kavSirSi antisemituri<br />
Rrubeli Camowveba... magram lionia da<br />
trocki?... ara, ara, Cemgan mis Sesaxeb mets verafers<br />
moismenT.<br />
- da mainc, lev maiseeviC, axla xom aRarc<br />
stalinia da “kgb”-s sidumlo seifebic didi<br />
xania gaixsna, gana ra saidumloa aseTi? – ar<br />
cxreba borisi.<br />
- kargiT, getyviT, xolo daskvnebi Tqven gamoitaneT,<br />
saWadrako enaze me etiuds SemogTavazebT<br />
da misi amoxsna TqvenTvis momindvia.<br />
-ki, batono...<br />
-msoflios Cempionobis gvirgvinisTvis mixeil<br />
botviniki da leonid bronSteini 1951 wels<br />
anatoli moSiaSvili<br />
60 wlisaa<br />
saerTaSoriso klasis sportis<br />
ostats, msoflio da evropis<br />
rekordsmens 60 metrze<br />
TarjrbenSi, evropis Cempionsa<br />
da Tasis mflobels anatoli<br />
moSiaSvils 60 weli Seusrulda.<br />
anatoli moSiaSvili 1950<br />
wlis 11 marts daibada q.<br />
quTaisSi. igi evropis 1974<br />
wlis Cempioni da evropis Tasis mflobelia; amave<br />
TamaSebis me-2 (1973 w.) da me-3 (1972 w.) priziori,<br />
studentTa msoflio TamaSebis me-2 (1973 w.), ssr<br />
kavSiris oTxgzis Cempioni da priziori, ssr kavSiris<br />
xalxTa me-5 spartakiadis Cempioni (1971 w.) 60 da<br />
110 metrze TarjrbenSi. aris msoflio da evropis<br />
rekordsmeni 60 metrze TarjrbenSi daxuruli darbazebisTvis.<br />
ssr kavSoiris rekordsmeni 110 metrze TarjrbenSi.<br />
anatoli moSiaSvili mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
iricxeboda ssr kavSiris nakrebi gundis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
da sportis am saxeobis pirvel nomrad iTvleboda.<br />
saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresi<br />
(“semk”-i) sportis mraval gulSematkivarTan erTad<br />
ulocavs saxelovan mZleosans – anatoli moSiaSvils<br />
60 wlis iubiles da uzsurvebs xangrZliv, jansaR<br />
sicocxlesa da bednierebas – dae xangrZlivi sicocxlis<br />
rekordic dagemyarebinos Cveno saxelovani<br />
sportsmeno.<br />
semk-is generaluri direqtori:<br />
prof. j. ajiaSvili<br />
semki-s sportuli komisiis Tavmjdomare:<br />
doq. b. CaCanaSvili<br />
Sexvdnen. bronSteini bolo ori turis win<br />
erTnaxevari quliT uswrebda botviniks – diax,<br />
darCenili iyo orad-ori saTamaSo partia, sadac<br />
aRmavlobis gzaze mdgar bronSteins ar<br />
unda gasWirveboda 1 qulis aReba mainc... xolo<br />
im bolo partiebis mimdinareobisas darbazidan<br />
fexi ar moucvlia maSindel “КГБ”-s erTerT<br />
maRalCinosans, - es icoda lioniamac, mec<br />
da kidev, SesaZloa, ramdenime pirovnebam, magram<br />
is rac icoda lioniam, ar vicodiT arc<br />
me da arc sxvam... da ai, bronSteini 2 darCenil<br />
partiaSi mxolod naxevar qulas agrovebs,<br />
matCi yaimiT sruldeba, xolo “fide”-s maSindeli<br />
(da axlandelic) wesebiT yaimis SemTxvevaSi<br />
saWadrako gvirgvins moqmedi Cempioni inarCeunebda.<br />
asec moxda...<br />
mere amobrwyindeba rigeli jadoqris – mixeil<br />
talis varskvlavi, romelic meteoriviT<br />
Caiqrolebs saWadrako galaqtikaSi da Tavbrus<br />
daaxvevs aramarto botviniks, nomenklaturasac<br />
da politbiurosac, magram es mere, xolo<br />
bronSteini amis Semdeg turnirebSi ki iRebda<br />
monawileobas da ramdenime saWadrako Sedevric<br />
Seqmna, magram pretendentTa kohortaSi, Tu<br />
ar vcdebi, aRar gamoCenila.<br />
***<br />
- 1990 wels amovedi israelSi da minda gulaxdilad<br />
giTxraT, rom me aq davinaxe sul<br />
sxva qveyana, sxva xalxi, ganwyobileba, adamianebi,<br />
romlebic uSiSrad, uamravi mtriT garemoculni<br />
akeTeben TavianT saqmes – aSeneben<br />
saxelmwifos. me aq davinaxe sxva ebraeli – ara<br />
mSiSara da qedmodrekili, aramed mebrZoli,<br />
simarTlis mTqmeli, mSromeli, davinaxe ebraeli,<br />
romelsac yvelgan da yvela viTarebaSi<br />
SeuZlia daicvas Tavisi Rirseba, simarTle,<br />
meoba – ra Tqma unda, aris gadaxrebic, aba,<br />
uamisod, romeli qveyana aSenebula? gaxsovT<br />
ben-gurionis reaqcia? - roca policiam moaxsena,<br />
rom Tel avivis centralur ubanSi daakaves<br />
qali, romelsac meZaveobiT gahqonda Tavi, bengurionma<br />
taSi Semohkra da wamoiZaxa – Cven<br />
ukve Cveni meZavebi gvyavs, ese igi saxelmwifo<br />
varTo! amitom, nu gagikvirdebaT axlagazrdobis<br />
zogjer zRvarsgadacilebuli da CvenTvis<br />
miuRebeli “celqobani”, damijereT, yvelaferi<br />
Caivlis, Camoyalibdeba da SegvrCeba saukeTeso<br />
momavali Taoba... ai es biWi, yuradRebiT rom<br />
gvismens ori saaTia, Cemi SviliSvilia, viqtor<br />
gerSkoviCi, jaric moiara, iswavla, axla erT-<br />
asaki ra mosatania<br />
17<br />
semk<br />
erT wamyvan kompaniaSi muSaobs, 2-metriani ymawvilia,<br />
es aris Cemi wamali, Cemi banki, Cemi guli<br />
da sicocxle... da Cemi momavalic...<br />
- geTanxmebiT, lev maiseeviC, araCveulebrivi<br />
zrdili da wesieri axalgazrdaa, Cvenc davrwmundiT<br />
am or-samsaaTian urTierTobaSi. Rmer-<br />
Tma gvimravlos amgvari axalgazrdoba.<br />
- da... erTic... xom ase miyvars Cemi israeli,<br />
me mainc vuCivi da arc movusveneb “bituax<br />
leumi”-s, vidre me, 89 wlis lev gerSkoviCs,<br />
martoxela moxucs, ar daminiSnaven 15-saaTian<br />
momvlel qals, da Tqvenc, orTaves, gekiTxebiT,<br />
mekuTvnis Tu ara rasac viTxov?<br />
- rogorc viciT, “bituax leumi” calke<br />
saxelmwifoa... maT TavianTi kriteriumebi aqvT...<br />
erTi es gviTxariT, lev maiseeviC, Tqven cota<br />
msaxioboba Tu SegiZliaT?<br />
- ara, namdvilad ar SemiZlia...<br />
- maS, ar gekuTvniT.<br />
***<br />
misi codnis, niWis, gamocdilebis gamoyeneba<br />
israelSic SeiZleboda.<br />
msoflio Wadrakis istoria ebraelTa gareSe<br />
warmogidgeniaT? steinicis, laskeris,<br />
botvinikis, bronSteinis, talis, fiSeris, kasparovis,<br />
debi polgarebis da sxvaTa da uamrav-<br />
Ta gareSe?<br />
da dRes Tu ezrdeba israels erT-erTi ase-<br />
Ti donis da potencialis moWadrake? Tu momavali<br />
Wadrakisa uebraelod unda moviazroT?<br />
es sagezeTo problema araa da arc Cveni gadasawyveti,<br />
ra Tqma unda, magram tyis gaSenebas<br />
rom 120 weli sWirdeba da mis ganadgurebas –<br />
ramodenime dRe, es xom viciT mainc.<br />
naTaniaSi 20 welia zis Wadrakis cocxali<br />
enciklopedia. zis da ixsenebs warsuls, aTvalierebs<br />
gacrecil suraTebs, jildoebs, sigelebs,<br />
ebrZvis “bituax leumis” (erovnul daz-<br />
Rvevas) da arc ki icis, rom goliaTs ufro<br />
daamarcxebs, vidre am biurokratiul monstrs.<br />
da mainc – “ad mea ve esrim, lev maiseeviC” – cxovreba<br />
xom brZolaa da 120 wlamde egeb daaSamaToT<br />
“miqel-gabrielic” da bituax leumic –<br />
RmerTma imedi nu mogviSalos – nurc Tqven da<br />
nurc Cven.<br />
nugzar janaSvili<br />
baT–iamis aqtivistTa jgufi qalTa saerTaSoriso dResTan<br />
dakavSirebiT binaze ewvia or xandazmul mandilosans – Tamar<br />
jinjixaSvilsa da mis umcros das – raxel jinjixaSvils. isini<br />
ara marto debi arian, ara marto erT SenobaSi cxovroben da ara<br />
marto oTxmoc wels gadascdnen didi xania... isini dRevandlamde<br />
erTad gegmaven, erTad fiqroben da zrunaven axloblebze, Temis<br />
problemebze, erTnairad ainteresebT saqveyno saqmeebi. albaT aq<br />
yvelaze upriania vixmaroT gamoTqma – “qalis asaki ra mosatania?!.”<br />
qalbatoni Tamari, darbaiseli da natifi didi bebia, samedicino<br />
dargis damsaxurebuli muSaki, sigelebiTa da janmrTelobis<br />
saministros warCinebuli muSakis medliTaa dajildoebuli. amasTan, Tamar krixeli warmoTqvams SabaTis locvas<br />
igi sami Svilis deda, uamravi SviliSvilis bebia da SvilTaSvilis<br />
didi bebia gaxlavT. israelis saxelmwifoze Seyvarebuli mudamJam mis mzegrZelobaze mlocvelia...<br />
q–n Tamaris umcrosi da – raxeli, SesaSuri garegnobisa da saTno bunebis qalbatoni, sicocxlisa da Rimilis<br />
motrfialea. ufrosi vaJis sikvdilma daukoda guli, magram aravis ar agrZnobinebs sakuTar tkivils. sul<br />
moZraobs, RiRinebs, yovel saqmes xumroba–siciliT akeTebs. dilaadrian ewveva ufros das pirveli sarTulidan<br />
mesameze, moikiTxavs, gaamxnevebs. erTad waisauzmeben da Semdeg Tavis binaSi miiCqaris – am dros Cemi qaliSvili<br />
rita mirekavs amerikidano!.. sul fusfusebs, sul moZraobs...<br />
Sescqeri am SesaniSnav qalbatonebs da fiqrob – ai, visgan unda iswavlos qalma!<br />
isini oTxi dani arian, ori “axalgazrda” dac uaxlovdeba ufrosi debis asaks, magram jerjerobiT mxolod<br />
lamazad dascinian siberes –aqtiur cxovrebasa da yofas misdeven...<br />
da mainc mTavari, risTvisac maT xalxis alali siyvaruli daimsaxures, es gaxlavT debi jinjixaSvilebis<br />
mudmivi mzadyofna adamianebis dasaxmareblad. rogorc ki Seityoben raime saqvelmoqmedo RonisZiebis Sesaxeb,<br />
oTxiveni mTeli Svilebisa da SviliSvilebis amaliT dairazmebian - mokle droSi Seagroveben saWiro Tanxasa Tu<br />
nivTebs da Cumad, yvelasagan dafarulad gagzavnian daniSnulebis adgilze.<br />
Cvens mier mirTmeuli lamazi yvavilebi, tkbileuli da saCuqrebi, kidev ufro feradovani gaxda mas Semdeg, rac<br />
qalbatonma Tamarma Tavisi cnobili SabaTis locva warmoTqva SesaSuri sizustiTa da xmiT... Cvens aRfrTovanebas<br />
sazRvari ar hqonda. amasobaSi q–n izolda krixelma saCuqrad nayid specialur finjnebSi orive das mcenareuli<br />
samkurnalo Cai moumzada.<br />
vimRereT da vimxiaruleT maTTan erTad.<br />
Semdeg ki Tamar jinjixaSvilis qaliSvilebma iseTi sufra gagviSales, romlis naxvasa da dagemovnebas araferi<br />
jobda!<br />
mxiaruli da sasiamovno Sexvedris Semdeg isRa dagvrCenoda, mTeli suliTa da guliT gvedRegrZelebina<br />
jinjixaSvilebis ojaxebi da dagveloca isini Cveneburi, tradiciuli locviT:<br />
“ad mea veesrim!”<br />
cira boTeraSvili
18<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
awmyo Sobili warsulisagan<br />
eqimis Canaweri aris mSobeli momavalisa<br />
kacobriobis progresi sxva araferia ra _ Tu ara is, rom<br />
dRidan dRemde ganze iqnes gadaweuli SeuZleblobis sazRvari.<br />
frensis bekoni<br />
didi ingliseli moazrovnis zemoaRniSnul gamonaTqvamiT Tu SevafasebT medicinis<br />
ganviTarebis dRevandel etaps, marTlac rom sakvirvel suraTs davinaxavT.<br />
rac guSin ufrosi Taobis eqimebs SeuZleblad miaCndaT, dRes SesaZlebeli gaxda.<br />
ekonomikurma da teqnikurma progresma adamianis bevri Canafiqri realobad aqcia.<br />
Mmolekuluri biologiis ganviTarebam, urTulesma laboratoriulma da genetikurma<br />
gamokvlevebma, uaxlesi teqnologiiT aRWurvili aparaturis samedicino<br />
praqtikaSi danergvam, SesaZlebeli gaxada mTeli rigi dRemde ganukurnebadi daavadebebis<br />
adreul etapze gamovlena da maTi efeqturi mkurnaloba. Dda yvelaferi<br />
es sxvadasxva Taobis mecnierTa da mkvlevarTa erToblivi Sromis nayofia.<br />
saqarTvelodan gamosul ebrael eqimTa dRevandeli moRvaweoba warmoudgeneli<br />
iqneboda wina TaobaTa miRwevebis gareSe. magaliTisaTvis aRvniSnav m. sefiaSvils,<br />
romelic wlebis manZilze xelmZRvanelobda q. Tbilisis jandacvis ganyofilebas,<br />
prof. i. qurCiSvils, romelic ganagebda Tbilisis eqimTa daxelovnebis institutis<br />
medicinis istoriis kaTedras, g. boTeraSvils, romelic samtrediis raionis<br />
janganis Tavkaci gaxldaT, prof. d. mixaels [mixelaSvils] _israelis jandacvis<br />
saministros me-2 portfelis mflobels, ixilovis saavadmyofos direqtors da<br />
sxv.<br />
dResac Cvens Tems Rirseul medikosTa SesaniSnavi pleada amSvenebs, romlebic<br />
warmatebiT moRvaweoben israelSi [prof. m. mani, eqimebi i. xanani, r. eligeri, m.<br />
papiaSvili, n. manaSerovi, z. iakobaSvili, d. sariTi, r. gefeni da sxv.], evropaSi<br />
[prof. S. mardi, eq. n. davaraSvili, S. boTeraSvili da sxv.], ruseTSi [akademikosebi<br />
i d u m a l i s i t y v e b i<br />
Cveni wminda wignebi gvaswavlian, rom samyaro Rm-<br />
Tis aTi gamoTqmiT Seiqmna anu ebrauli anbanis asoebiT.<br />
am asoebis sxvadasxvagvari Sexameba gvaZlevs sityvas.<br />
magram sityva ufro metia, vidre asoebis ubralo kombinacia.<br />
sityvas Tavisi azri gaaCnia, romelic asoebze<br />
aRmatebulia da mbrZaneblobs maTze.<br />
amrigad, asoebiT TamaSi ubralo saqme araa. saidumlo<br />
swavlebis mixedviT, es ara imdenad asoebiT<br />
TamaSia, ramdenadac gansazRvruli ZalebiT. asoebiTa<br />
da sityvebiT TamaSs seriozuli da Rrma azri aqvs,<br />
damoukideblad imisa, maT ukan simbolur Tu realur<br />
Zalebs aRviqvamT.<br />
Tqma ar unda, rom enobrivi TvalsazrisiT asoebs<br />
fonetikuri mniSvneloba aqvT, da am kuTxiT isini<br />
sxvadasaxva SexamebiT kvlav da kvlav warmoiqmnebian<br />
( da warmoiTqmebian). magram asoebi ar unda ganvixiloT<br />
rogorc mxolod anbanis nawili; isini Tavisi<br />
arsiT elementarul Zalebs warmoadgenen, da swored<br />
am mimarTulebiT erTiandebian da sxvadasxva gzebiT<br />
examebian erTmaneTs.<br />
ebrauli asoebi TavianT sinaTles RvTiuri wyarodan<br />
iReben, da maTi mniSvneloba da naTeba gamudmebiT<br />
icvleba, msgavsad imisa, rogorc mTvare da dedamiwa<br />
sul mudam sxvadasxvagvarad aireklaven mzis sinaTles,<br />
da es maT urTierTmdebareobazea damokidebuli.<br />
RvTiuri enis asoebi ara mxolod samyaros qmnian.<br />
isini adamiansac qmnian, romelic Tavis TavSi yvela<br />
inteleqtualur dones moicavs. ase rom, RvTiuri enis<br />
asoebi Sors arian adamianis mier mogonilisagan. amas-<br />
Tanave, SeuZlebelia Rm-Tisa da adamianis metyveleba<br />
erTmaneTs SevadaroT. rodesac saubaria Rm-Tis metyvelebis<br />
Sesaxeb, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba ara is,<br />
rom Rm-Ti gamoscems raRac bgerebs, aramed is, rom<br />
zmnebi – “Tqma” an “warmoTqma” – aRniSnaven garkveul<br />
mimarTebebs _ azris gadatanas erTi ganzomilebidan<br />
meoreSi. fraziT _ “Rm-Tma Tqva”_ vcdilobT is azri<br />
gamovxatoT, rom man garkveuli gaazrebuli Setyobineba<br />
maRali donidan gadmosca ufro dabalze. Dda<br />
vinaidan Cven iZulebuli varT saxeebiT visargebloT,<br />
ra Tqma unda Sesaferisi metaforis sasesxeblad pirvel<br />
rigSi Cvenive sulier cxovrebas mivmarTavT.<br />
m o S e s k v e r T x i<br />
es kverTxi, samyaros dabadebis meeqvse dRes, Sebindebisas Seiqmna da ufalma gadasca<br />
adams samoTxeSi. adamidan igi gadavida enoxTan, enoxidan simasTan. Semdeg ki memkvidreobiT<br />
gadaecemoda abraams, isaks, iakobs, da bolos _ iosebs. iosebis sikvdilis Semdeg<br />
kverTxi faraonma daisakuTra. iTrom _ egviptelma varskvlavTmricxvelma _ romelic<br />
gumaniT grZnobda am kverTxis grZneul Zalas, gamosTxova faraons igi da Tavis baRSi<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
Tumca amgvari Sedarebidan raRacis Semecneba mainc<br />
SeiZleba. kerZod: fizikurad adamianis metyveleba<br />
sunTqvazea dafuZnebuli. es fundamenturi sunTqva,<br />
romelsac jer kidev ar sdevs Tan bgera, sxeulis<br />
organoebis ZalisxmeviT rom warmoiqmneba, Cveulebriv<br />
aRiniSneba pirveli asoTi _ “alef”; rogorc didma<br />
ebraelma kabalistma _ arizalma Tqva, asoTi, romelic<br />
moklebulia nivTobriobas. aqedanaa gamoTqma, rom samyaro<br />
Seiqmna “alefi”-s meSveobiT. esaa sunTqva _ mdumare,<br />
arara, esaa mamoZravebeli Zala, romelic yvela<br />
sxva asos ukan dgas, asoebisa, romlebic fonetikis<br />
TvalsazrisiT tuCebis, piris, enis, xorxis da a.S. sa-<br />
SualebiT sunTqvis kontrolis, cimcumis (SekumSva)<br />
Sedegad warmoiqmnebian.<br />
amrigad, ebrauli anbanis ocdaori aso _ qmnadobis<br />
fundamentaluri elementebis proeqciebi an simboloebi<br />
arian. yoveli aso raRac gansakuTrebul, konkretul<br />
Zalas asaxavs; asoebi _ specifikuri Zalebia,<br />
romlebic SemozRudulia, Semofarglulia.<br />
amdenad, sityva mravali sxvadasxva Zalis Sexamebaa,<br />
da sityvis warmoTqma _ raRac axlis, manamde ararsebulis<br />
gaCenaa, Seqmnaa sinaTlisa an myarisa, an zRvaSi<br />
romelime cicqna Tevzis farflisa. saerTo sityva _<br />
sinaTle, an zRva, an zRvis arsebani, _ dayvanil unda<br />
iqnas usasrulod mcire detalebamde.<br />
amdenad Rm-Tis metyvelebis, RvTaebrivi enis<br />
asoebi _ garkveuli Setyobinebis, informaciis, ambis<br />
umciresi fragmentebia. isini aucilebelia moqmedebis<br />
dawyebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. isev gavimeorebT,<br />
rom RvTaebrivi Tvisebebi uaRresad vrcelia imisaTvis,<br />
raTa konkretuli gavlena iqonios calkeul adamianze.<br />
isini detalebad unda daiSalon, specifikur situacias<br />
rom miesadagon. aviRoT, magaliTad, RvTiuri siyvaruli<br />
_ SeuZlebelia is erTbaSad gadmoiRvarosMmTeli<br />
Tavisi siZlieriTa da yovlismomcvelobiT. is unda<br />
SeikumSos, SeiZinos mimarTuleba, forma, Tviseba, gansazRvruloba.<br />
sxva sityvebiT, imisaTvis, raTa qmediTi<br />
iyos, siyvaruli unda gadmovides Tavisi “asoebiT”, an<br />
maTi kombinaciiT. sityvebi is Suamavalebia, romlebic<br />
Tvisebas, impulss mimarTulebas aZleven, ubiZgeben moqmedebisaken,<br />
avseben zogadsa da konkretuls Soris ar-<br />
i. buziaSvili, r. sefiaSvili da sxv.], aSS-Si [eqimebi<br />
m. krixeli, n. koJiaSvili, m. nasyidaSvili da sxv.],<br />
saqarTveloSi [prof. g. wiwuaSvili, n. davaraSvili, n.<br />
iosebaSvili da sxv.].<br />
mainc ra aris qarTvel ebraelTa warmatebis said- merab sareli<br />
umlo? ra gaxda maTi swrafi integraciis safuZveli<br />
msoflios sxvadasxva samedicino dawesebulebaSi? pasuxi calsaxaa _ maTi maRali<br />
profesionalizmi.<br />
dRevandeli eqimi srulad unda flobdes Tanamedrove samedicino informacias<br />
da daxvewili praqtikuli Cvevebis karnaxiT moqmedebdes. aqsiomaa, rom<br />
avadmyofis efeqturi mkurnalobisTvis saWiro da aucilebelia medicinis Tanamedrove<br />
miRwevaTa jerovani codna.<br />
raoden sasixaruloa, rom dRes msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis wamyvani universitetebis<br />
samedicino fakultetebze codnas ewafebian Cveni Temis axalgazrdebi.<br />
eWvs gareSea, rom isini Rirseuli tradiciebis Rirseuli gamgrZeleblebi<br />
iqnebian.<br />
pativcemulo mkiTxvelo! Eeqimis profesia metad sapatio da amave dros sapasuxismgebloc<br />
gaxlavT. saqarTvelodan gamosuli ebraeli eqimebi vgrZnobT Cvens<br />
pasuxismgeblobas qarTveli ebraeli Temis mimarT. Ees pasuxismgebloba warmoSobs<br />
urTierTpativiscemas, did siyvaruls, romelic Cveni erToblivi winsvlisa da warmatebis<br />
sawindaria. vsargeblob SemTxveviT da mogmarTavT TxovniT, gamogvigzavnoT<br />
Tqveni korespondenciebi Semdegi rubrikebisTvis:.1. “kvali naTeli [gaxseneba],’’ 2.<br />
“’icnobdeT _ Cveni Tanamemamulea,’’ 3. “’axalgazrda specalisti.’’<br />
merab sareli<br />
israelis x. Sibas sax. samedicino centris sauniversiteto qirurgiuli klinikis<br />
ufrosi eqimi, saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis samedicino komisiis Tavmjdomare,<br />
medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.<br />
israeli - samyaros safuZveli<br />
ebrauli Tqmuleba<br />
sebuli napralis udides<br />
nawils. Aase magaliTad,<br />
imisaTvis, raTa xesedma<br />
sinaTle warmoqmnas, unda<br />
moxdes yovlismomcveli<br />
RvTiuri siyvarulis<br />
Zalis gardaqmna iseT<br />
specifikur movlenaSi, eTer TofCiaSvili<br />
rogoricaa sinaTle. imisaTvis,<br />
rom sinaTle warmoqmniliyo, da ara raime sxva,<br />
metyvelebas unda mieRo specifikuri sityvieri forma:<br />
“dae iyos sinaTle!” Tumca, gansxvavebiT adamianTa Soris<br />
urTierTobisagan, fraza araviskenaa mimarTuli.<br />
Ees asoTa Sexamebaa, da yoveli aso aq gansakuTrebuli<br />
gamocxadebaa. Aam gamoTqmis mizania sasruli da konkretuli<br />
gaxdes is, rac sxvagvarad usasrulo da abstraqtuli<br />
iqneboda.<br />
Aamitomaa, rom Tumca sinaTlec da wyalic _ orive<br />
xesedis gamovlinebaa, CvenTvis isini erTi da igive<br />
saxiT, ra Tqma unda, ar warmoCindeba, erTi da igive<br />
araa.<br />
cneba “sinaTle”-c ki _ zogadi cnebaa, rameTu sinaTle<br />
sxvadasxvagvari SeiZleba iyos. imisaTvis, raTa<br />
sinaTle warmoqmniliyo, brZanebas Tan unda xleboda<br />
uamravi dazusteba, da swored am dazustebebs Seicaven<br />
gamoTqmis _ “dae iyos sinaTle!” _ asoebi. Ees erTgvari<br />
urTulesi ERvTiuri kodia. Toris yoveli aso,<br />
yoveli xmovani, yoveli maxvili _ informaciis esa Tu<br />
is donea. amasTanave sityvis mniSvnelobis mixedviT<br />
yoveli aso axal sazriss iZens. ase rom erTi da igive<br />
asos, imave formisa da agebulebis mqones, sxva konteqstSi<br />
SesaZlebelia sruliad sxva azri hqondes.<br />
asoebis erTi da igive kombinaciebic ki sxvadasxva<br />
konteqstSi sxvadasxva rames SeiZleba aRniSnavdnen.<br />
maTi yoveli axali Sexameba _ raime qmnilebis namdvili<br />
saxelia. ase rom, yvelafers, Seqmnils gamCenis<br />
mier, sakuTari saxeli gaaCnia, specifikuri mxolod<br />
misTvis, romelic asoebisagan Sedgeba da integrirebulia<br />
ufro farTe konteqstSi _ sityvaSi.<br />
prof.<br />
eTer TofCiaSvili-gigineiSvili<br />
dargo _ sxva xeebs Soris. magram idumali xeli akavebda mas da am kverTxis miaxloebis<br />
SesaZleblobas ar aZlevda. da ai, gamoCnda moSe, waikiTxa kverTxze gamosaxuli uCveulo<br />
sityvebi, gaiwoda misken marjvena da daubrkoleblad aiRo xelSi. amis Semxedvare<br />
iTro mixvda, rom uzenaesis nebiT swored moSes unda gaeTavisuflebina ebraelebi da<br />
gadawyvita, misTvis mieTxovebina Tavisi qaliSvili cifora.<br />
rabi eliazar ben horkanusis mixedviT
cotaodeni ram<br />
kabalis Sesaxeb<br />
„adamianis sulma unda icodes sulieri<br />
samyaroebis buneba, imisaTvis,<br />
raTa SeZlos maTSi cxovreba. manam,<br />
sanam suli ar miaRwevs Tavis fesvTan<br />
Serwymas, is iZulebulia itanjos<br />
droisa da sivrcis xlarTebSi.“<br />
(rabaniTi feiga aSlagi)<br />
kabalistebi amboben, rom suli<br />
Semqmnelis nawilia maRlidan, msgavsad<br />
kldidan motexili qvisa da maT Soris<br />
araviTari sxvaoba ar arsebobs, ubralod<br />
erTi mTelia da meore – nawili.<br />
kabalis arsi<br />
Semqmnelis SegrZnebis Ziebis meTods<br />
kabala ewodeba.<br />
me–20 saukunis udidesi kabalisti,<br />
wigni „zoaris„ komentarebis ocdaerTtomeulis<br />
da haris wignebis komentarebis<br />
eqvstomeulis avtori – rabi<br />
iehuda aSlagi (baal sulami) Tavis<br />
statiaSi „kabalis arsi“ kabalis aseT<br />
ganmartebas iZleva: „kabala, arc meti<br />
da arc naklebi, warmoadgens umaRlesi<br />
Zalebis zemodan qvemoT daSvebis mizez–Sedegobriv<br />
Tanmimdevrobas, romelic<br />
absolutur da mudmiv kanonebs<br />
eqvemdebareba. Zalebis, romlebic gaer-<br />
Tianebuli da mimarTulia erTi uaRresad<br />
maRali miznis misaRwevad, rasac<br />
„adamianisaTvis Semqmnelis amqveynad<br />
gamovlena“ ewodeba.“<br />
ubralo sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, kabala<br />
aris adamianis mier umaRlesi Zalis<br />
– Semqmnelis Secnobis meTodika. Semqmneli<br />
Cvengan dafarulia. amitom adamiani<br />
mis irgvliv mxolod materialur<br />
samyaros – Sedegebis samyaros aRiqvams,<br />
meore nawili ki, romelsac „umaRlesi<br />
samyaro“ – mizezebis samyaro ewodeba<br />
da romelic Cvens samyaros marTavs, dafarulia<br />
Cveni aRqmis organoebisagan.<br />
amitom CvenTvis gaugebaria CvenSi da<br />
Cvens cxovrebaSi momxdari movlenebis<br />
namdvili mizezebi da maTi Sedegebi.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, xSirad ise viqceviT,<br />
rogorc ugunuri arsebebi. kabalistebis<br />
azriT, swored am umaRlesi marTvis<br />
miznis da kanonebis ucodinaroba, Cveni<br />
maTdami Seusabamobaa adamianTa tanjvis<br />
ZiriTadi mizezi.<br />
anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,<br />
amqveynad Cven mxolod erTi ram gvaklia<br />
– Semqmnelis SegrZneba!<br />
„adamianis mTavari samuSao, is um-<br />
Tavresi ram, rasac man cxovrebaSi unda<br />
miaRwios, mxolod Semqmnelis SegrZnebaa,<br />
rom SeigrZnos misi realoba, is, rom<br />
mTeli samyaro misi didebiTaa savse. da<br />
am SegrZnebis (da ara sxva ramis) misaRwevad<br />
unda ixmaros adamianma yvela<br />
Rone.“<br />
(baal sulami, „SamaTi“, statia<br />
№4)<br />
kabala ubralod codnas ki ar<br />
aZlevs adamians sulieri samyaros<br />
agebulebis Sesaxeb, aramed Sinaganad<br />
cvlis mas. adamiani iwyebs yovelive<br />
imis SegrZnebas, rasac swavlobs. es me-<br />
Todika saSualebas aZlevs mas, monaxos<br />
Tavis cxovrebaSi is wertili, sadac<br />
namdvilad gaaCnia Tavisufali arCevani<br />
da amiT realurad Secvalos Tavisi<br />
momavali.<br />
udidesi kabalisti – rav kuki ambobda:<br />
„iseve rogorc adamiani valdebulia<br />
Seeguos materialur bunebas<br />
da mis kanonebs, is aseve valdebulia<br />
Seeguos sulieri bunebis kanonebsac,<br />
romlebic mTels samyaroSi batonoben,<br />
samyaroSi, romlis nawilic TviT adamiania.“<br />
kabalisti<br />
kabalisti is adamiania, romelmac<br />
sulieri samyaro Seicno. adamiani,<br />
romelic erTdroulad or samyaroSi<br />
cxovrobs – fizikursa da<br />
sulierSi. ufro sworad, misTvis es<br />
erTi didi, usasrulod ufro naTeli,<br />
savse da mravalferovani samyaroa. ama-<br />
Si araferi saswaulebrivi araa, radgan<br />
is, kabalis swavlis meSveobiT, Tavisi<br />
aRqmis diapazons iseve afarTovebs,<br />
rogorc magaliTad mecnieri, romelic<br />
mikroskops an teleskops iRebs xel-<br />
Si.<br />
erTi SexedviT kabalisti aravisgan<br />
gamoirCeva, magram Sinagani mzeriT<br />
is xedavs mTeli samyaros agebulebas,<br />
movlenebis mizezs da maT mizans.<br />
es garkveulwilad amonaqarg suraTs<br />
waagavs: wina mxridan Cven ubralod<br />
suraTs vxedavT, xolo ukana mxridan<br />
Zafebis urTules bades, romelic<br />
am suraTs qmnis, gansazRvravs mas da<br />
TviTonac warmoadgens Tavisebur suraTs.<br />
amis msgavsad kabalisti ZalTa<br />
im dafarul bades aRiqvams, romelic<br />
Cvens realobas, Cveni cxovrebis suraTs<br />
xatavs.<br />
saukuneebis manZilze kabalistebi<br />
maT mier miRebul codnas Taobidan<br />
Taobas zepirad da werilobiT gadascemdnen.<br />
yvela droSi aseTi adamianebi<br />
erTeulebi iyvnen da kabalis saidumloebaTa<br />
gasaRebi mxolod maT xelT<br />
iyo. aman, ra Tqma unda, uamravi miTi<br />
da stereotipi warmoSva kabalis irgvliv.<br />
TviT kabalistebi, saukuneebis<br />
manZilze arc ki cdilobdnen am miTebisa<br />
da stereotipebis gaqarwylebas,<br />
ufro metic, xSirad TviT isini qmnidnen<br />
maT, radgan maTi azriT kacobrioba<br />
jer kidev ar iyo mzad kabalis Sesaswavlad.<br />
maT xalxis mier kabalisturi<br />
teqstebisa da meTodikis araswori interpretaciis<br />
SiSi hqondaT. amasTan<br />
kabalistebi am codnas Tanabrad umalavdnen<br />
rogorc arareligiur, aseve<br />
religiur masebs. isini elodebodnen<br />
iseT dros, rodesac adamiani ganviTarebis<br />
iseT dones miaRwevda, roca<br />
SeZlebda kabalisturi codnis miRebas<br />
da mis swor gamoyenebas.<br />
me–16 saukuneSi yvela drois<br />
udidesma kabalistma harim safuZveli<br />
Cauyara kabalis axal, gansakuTrebul<br />
– lureanul meTodikas, romelic SemdgomSi<br />
me–20–e saukunis udidesma<br />
kabalistma, iehuda aSlagma (baal sulami)<br />
ganaviTara. man haris Sromebs<br />
Cveni TaobisaTvis Sesabamisi adaptireba<br />
gaukeTa da aucilebeli komentarebi<br />
daurTo.<br />
baal sulamis moswavlem da gzis<br />
gamgrZelebelma, misma ufrosma vaJma,<br />
rav barux Salom aSlagma (rabaSi) Se-<br />
Zlo mamis mier naswavlebi iseT formaSi<br />
gadmoeca, rom gamosadegi yofiliyo<br />
Semqmnelis SegrZnebisagan yvelaze<br />
mSvidobiT, genioso!<br />
ufro daSorebuli, magram ukve masTan<br />
kavSiris maZiebeli Cveni sulebisaTvis.<br />
baal sulamamde da rabaSamde uamravi<br />
brZeni iyo, magram maTi gansakuTrebuloba<br />
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am kabalistebma,<br />
daasrules ra sulierebis<br />
„titanebisagan“ informaciis gadmocema,<br />
SeZles misi morgeba sulTa axali<br />
TaobisaTvis.<br />
ai ras wers es ukanaskneli Tavisi<br />
wignis „aTi sfiris Talmudis“ SesavalSi:<br />
„survili maqvs davamsxvrio is<br />
rkinis kedeli, romelic kabalasa da<br />
Cvens Soris aRmarTula da gvaSorebs<br />
erTmaneTs - moyolebuli taZris dangrevidan<br />
Cvens Taobamde”.<br />
Tanamedrove adamiani ukve momzadebulia<br />
kabalisturi informaciis aRsaqmelad.<br />
man ganviTarebis iseT safexurs<br />
miaRwia, rom mzadaa umaRlesi<br />
samyaro warmoidginos ZalTa velebis,<br />
energiis, Suqis samyarod, samyarod materiis<br />
zemoT. swored aseTi samyaros,<br />
Zalebis, azrebis, Suqis samyaros Sesaxeb<br />
laparakobs kabala.<br />
winapiroba<br />
antuan de sent ekziuperi Tavis<br />
moTxrobaSi „adamianTa miwa“ moTvinierebul<br />
gazelebs ixseniebs, romlebic<br />
rkinis badiT SemoRobil sadgomSi cxovroben<br />
da arasodes ganucdiaT Tavisufleba.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, isini gamudmebiT<br />
rqebiT ubiZgeben Robes, TiTqos<br />
tyveobidan Tavis daRwevas cdilobeno.<br />
maT arc ki esmiT, rom es moqmedeba gan-<br />
Tavisuflebis maT qvecnobier survils<br />
gamoxatavs da ase, tyveobaSi, SeuZliaT<br />
mTeli cxovreba gaataron.<br />
„uyureb maT da fiqrob“,–ambobs ekziuperi,<br />
„maT sevda swvavT. sevda – es<br />
roca gsurs raRac, Sen TviTon ar ici<br />
ra... is arsebobs, is idumali da sanukvari,<br />
magram SeuZlebelia amis sityviT<br />
gamoxatva. Cven ki, Cven ra gvaklia?“...<br />
„veraferi Seedreba sulieri sisavsis<br />
im SegrZnebas, romelic Cven, CvenTvis<br />
gaucnobiereblad, ase gvwyuria.“...<br />
„rogor miiRweva is, es Sinagani Tavisufleba?“<br />
(antuan de sent ekziuperi, adamianTa<br />
miwa)<br />
Cvenc aseve gamomwyvdeulebi varT<br />
sakuTar TavSi da ase weliwadi weliwads<br />
misdevs, dRe – dRes, wuTi –<br />
19<br />
semk<br />
Cvenma Temma, sazogadoebriobam, israelis<br />
kulturulma samyarom gamorCeuli pirovneba<br />
dakarga - 54 wlis asakSi gardaicvala didi<br />
mxatvari, sayovelTaod aRiarebuli xelovani<br />
- meir fiCxaZe.<br />
israelis presa farTod gamoexmaura mis<br />
gardacvalebas.<br />
ai, zogierTi amonaridi gamoqveynebuli<br />
statiebidan:<br />
`meir fiCxaZis xelovnebam SeZra israelis<br />
sazogadoebrioba. misma gulwrfelma<br />
da mgrZnobiare bunebam, pirovnulma momxibvlelobam,<br />
gansakuTrebul niWierebasTan erTad, mravali adamianis guli<br />
moinadira da igi Tanamedroveobis gamorCeul xelovanad aqcia~ (`iedioT<br />
axronoT~).<br />
‘‘dRes israelis kulturis samyaro Tavs xris meir fiCxaZis winaSe. igi<br />
israelis xelovnebis fonze gansakuTrebuli stiliT gamoirCeoda. meir<br />
fiCxaZis mravalmxrivi niWi yvelas dagvakldeba’’ (israelis kulturis<br />
ministri limor livnaTi)’’.<br />
`gardaicvala meir fiCxaZe da Tavisi gardacvalebiT ukanasknelad SeZra<br />
israelis xelovnebis samyaro’’ (gaz. `maariv’’).<br />
saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresi uerTdeba israelis kulturisa<br />
da xelovnebis moRvaweTa did gulistkivils da samZimars ucxadebs<br />
gansvenebulis ojaxs.<br />
wuTs. Cveni cxovreba midis, ileva... ratom,<br />
risTvis?<br />
kabalis Sesaswavlad gansakuTrebuli<br />
winapiroba arsebobs – adamianis<br />
mwvave survili - Seityos Tavisi cxovrebis<br />
azri da gaxdes Tavisufali.<br />
„Tuki yuradRebas mivapyrobT mxolod<br />
erT, yvelasaTvis cnobil SekiTxvas,<br />
darwmunebuli var, rom Tqveni yvela<br />
kiTxva da eWvi kabalis SeswavlasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT umal gaqarwyldeba<br />
– es mwvave, mtkivneuli, samarTliani<br />
SekiTxvaa, romelic yovel amqveynad Sobils<br />
uCndeba: „ra aris Cveni cxovrebis<br />
azri?“<br />
(iehuda leib halevi aSlagi, „swavleba<br />
aTi sfiris Sesaxeb“)<br />
„Cven ukve xsnis pirasa varT da<br />
gvesmis „didi sayviris xma“.<br />
magram is jer kidev Cumi SrialiviT<br />
gaismis; iseve rogorc yovelive diadi<br />
mciresgan iwyeba, aseve iwyeba sayviris<br />
xma da igi TandaTanobiT Zlierdeba...<br />
Cveni Taoba xsnis Rirsia, imdenad<br />
ramdenadac is ukanaskneli Taobaa –<br />
Taoba, mdgomi sruli xsnis zRvarze da<br />
amitom Rirsi „maSiaxis Sofaris xmis“<br />
gagonebisa, romlis arsic yvelasaTvis<br />
Seqmnis umaRlesi saidumloebis gamxelaSia.“<br />
baal sulami, „maSiaxis Sofari“<br />
წყარო: კაბალის საერთაშორისო აკადემია<br />
http://www.kabbalah.info/<br />
მკითხველთა მოსაზრებებისა და<br />
კითხვებისათვის Kabbalah.ge@gmail.com<br />
gazeTis redaqciisagan: Zvirfaso<br />
mkiTxvelebo, Cvens mier zemoT SemoTavazebuli<br />
masala, kabalis sibrZnis<br />
Sesaxeb, mowodebulia kabalis Semswavleli<br />
saganmanaTleblo organizaciis<br />
– kabalis saerTaSoriso akademiis<br />
mier. Cveni mizania mkiTxvelma miiRos<br />
SeZlebisamebr sruli informacia<br />
am sibrZnis Sesaxeb, amitom moxaruli<br />
viqnebiT gazeTis furclebi davuTmoT<br />
nebismier kompetentur pirs (sasuliero<br />
moRvawe iqneba is Tu mecnieri)<br />
an organizacias, romelic moisurvebs<br />
Cvens gazeTSi kabalaze damatebiTi informaciis,<br />
statiebis an kabalisturi<br />
pirvelwyaroebis qarTuli Targmanebis<br />
gamoqveynebas.
20<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
sinagogis kedlebSi Cakiruli istoria<br />
"zrizim makdimim<br />
lemicvoT"<br />
qveynad ori ebraelic rom darCes,<br />
erTi idaraSebs, meore ki moismens.<br />
moaruli gamoTqma<br />
Cveni sazogadoebisTvis cnobilia, rom gasul wels TbilisSi gaimar-<br />
Ta e.w. aSqenazebis ganaxlebuli sinagogis sazeimo gaxsnis ceremoniali.<br />
RonisZiebaSi didZali xalxi monawileobda. zeims daeswro da SekrebilTa<br />
winaSe sityva warmoTqva saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma.<br />
stumarTa Soris imyofeboda saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis<br />
delegacia _ kongresis prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis Ggabriel<br />
mirilaSvilis meTaurobiT [dawvrilebiTi angariSi am RonisZiebis Sesaxeb<br />
gamoqveynda kongresis Jurnal ‘’erToba’’-Si.].<br />
sinagogis yoveli Senoba calke aRebuli istoriaa _ qvaSi gacxadebuli<br />
istoria. erTi aseTi dramatuli istoriis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs winamdebare<br />
statiis avtoric.<br />
2009 wlis 15 seqtemberi. UuCveulo, Sei-<br />
Zleba iTqvas, sadResaswaulo ganwyobiT<br />
aRsavse dRe gaTenda Tbilisis ebrauli<br />
TemisaTvis. mizezi, namdvilad, gamorCeulad<br />
mniSvnelovani iyo. egreT wodebuli<br />
aSqenazebis salocavi axali sicocxlis<br />
aTvlas iwyebda.A<br />
didi madloba evraziul kongressa da<br />
mis prezidents aleqsandre maSkeviCs, biznesmenebs<br />
_ Temur safirsa da daviT iakobaSvils,<br />
saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio<br />
kongress, inJinrebs, mSeneblebs, muSebs,<br />
yvela imas, vinc CvenTvis es dRe realuri<br />
da cxadi gaxada.<br />
Cveni gazeTis furclebze gadavwyviteT<br />
im pirovnebis gaxseneba, romelic aTeuli<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTel dReebs swored<br />
am locvaSi atarebda, da sxvebTan erTad<br />
yvelafers akeTebda salocavis funqcionirebisaTvis.<br />
es pirovneba gaxldaT batoni<br />
qoen malqiel exiskelaSvili. did madloba<br />
mis vaJs, kakos, romelmac gadmomca gansvenebuli<br />
mamis Canawerebi. es Canawerebi Seicavs<br />
metad saintereso masalas Cveni warsulis<br />
ukeT gasacnobad. baton malqiels<br />
aRwerili aqvs TiTqmis 100 wlis winandeli<br />
Tbilisis kolorituli cxovreba; Zveli<br />
Tbilisi _ Tavisi qarvaslebiT, maRaziebiT,<br />
Rvinis sardafebiT, mekurtne muSebiTa da<br />
meezove qurTebiT; cocxlad da xelSesaxebad<br />
aqvs dasuraTxatebuli is adgilebi,<br />
romelSic umetesad ebraelebi saxlobdnen,<br />
aqvea “ `”<br />
’~qoanimebis~” ubani Tavisi ezogaremoTi,<br />
mcxovrebTa gvarebiT, CaixanebiT,<br />
kintoebiT, vaWrebiT, safosto yuTebiT,<br />
~“tunelis”~ SesasvlelTan aRebuli civi wylis<br />
gamyidvelebiT, Tbilisis sami qaSeri<br />
sasadiloTi (efro goreliSvili, xozi<br />
ioseba, gegelaT israelai davidaSvili),<br />
ebraelTa savaWroebiT _ Tofebad dalagebuli<br />
abreSumiT, farCebiT, kaverkotiTa da<br />
bastoniT, batistiT, mitkliT, xaliCebiTa<br />
da aTasgvari sxva qsoviliT. aRwerili aqvs<br />
bazrebi. mogviTxrobs, rogor moxvda misi<br />
ojaxi “Sav siaSi” da Semdeg rogor warimarTa<br />
misi cxovreba _ tipografia, swavla<br />
safinanso ekonomikurze, buRaltrad<br />
muSaoba finansTa saministroSi...<br />
CamoTvlili aqvs Tbilisis sinagogebi,<br />
kaSenis quCis #9-Si arsebuli ebraelTa<br />
rvaklasiani 102–e Sromis skola _ maswavleblebiT<br />
(skolis gamge _ iefim isakiC<br />
kokielovi); ivaniZis quCaze mdebare<br />
ebraelTa istoriis muzeumi _ yofili<br />
saldaTebis salocavi, aseve salocavi<br />
kaTolikebis quCaze, ebraeli axalgazrdebis<br />
mier Camoyalibebuli Teatri, sadac<br />
gercel baazovis piesebi idgmeboda.<br />
mogviTxrobs “~Raribkomebze da ozetze~”,<br />
gviyveba swavlul lineckize, (daxvrites<br />
1937 wels); lineckis ojaxidan wamoRebul<br />
Salom koboSvilis mier Sesrulebul suraTze<br />
“~espaneTis inkvizicia~”, aRwers rabi<br />
kufCans, rogorc metad darbaisel, warmosadeg<br />
pirovnebas da sxv.<br />
gTavazobT nawyvets baton malqiel exiskelaSvilis<br />
Canawerebidan (stili daculia).<br />
“1953 wels ianvris TveSi, mziani,<br />
Tbili, sasiamovno dila gaTenda. Dda,<br />
rodesac mravalni salocavSi salocavad<br />
mieSurebodnen, kaci Tu qali, ras<br />
xedaven: ‘’kagebes’’ da miliciis Tanam-<br />
Sromlebs yvela sinagoga dauluqiaT da<br />
misul ebrael xalxs salocavad aRar<br />
uSveben. amasTanave furneSi macis cxoba<br />
mimdinareobda. macaze momuSave muSebsac<br />
Semosvla aukrZales. sinagogis karebTan<br />
mcvelebi idgnen. im Ramesve patimrobaSi<br />
iyvnen ayvanili rabi yimanuel daviTaSvili,<br />
xaxmebi israel babalikaSvili, abram<br />
janaSvili, gamgeobidan abram gujiaS-<br />
vili, israel janaSvili, CanCalaSvili.<br />
amave dros daluqul iqna cxinvalelebis<br />
locva, da aSkenazebis locva. aSkenazebis<br />
locvidan patimrobaSi ayvanil<br />
iyvnen _ rabi kufCani, umaRlesi ToriT<br />
da iuridiuli akademikosi, ilia leiboviCi,<br />
iosef moskiCi da sxvebi”.<br />
Semdeg b-n malqiels aRwerili aqvs<br />
didi salocavi:<br />
“qalaq Tbilisis didi sinagoga _-<br />
erT-erTi saukeTeso sinagoga. didebuli,<br />
Zalze maRali, aguriT naSeni ori<br />
sarTuli, axalcixel ebraelTa fuliT<br />
agebuli, brolis eleqtro WaRebi, iatakze<br />
lamazad dafenili ‘’daroSkebi’’,<br />
tyavze dawerili moSes sefer-Torebi,<br />
macis gamosacxobi samuSao manqanebi,<br />
ezoSi macis gamosacxobad daWrili<br />
200 metro SeSa, gamomcxvari 5 tona<br />
maca, 20 tona fqvili tomrebiT – mTlad<br />
waiRes. mTlad daangries sinagogis<br />
naweri Semosaval-gasavlis sabuTebi,<br />
wignebi gamoitanes da rac moaswres, gam-<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
qebaTa-qeba maT,<br />
vinc micvebis<br />
Sesrulebas eswrafvis<br />
oitanes ezoSi, waukides cecxli, dawves.<br />
didi kvamli adioda caSi. gareT xalxi<br />
uyurebda; bevrs cremlebi sdioda<br />
Tvalebidan. Talmud Toris xis Senoba<br />
mTlad gaanadgures. frTeulis saklavi<br />
Senoba mTlad daangries. xis masala, yvela<br />
inventari manqanebiT mihqondaT _ 65<br />
sefer-Tora, seferToris Tajebi, bevri<br />
sxva faseulobani. gareT myofi xalxi<br />
- ebraeli, qarTveli, somexi, azerbaijanelebi,<br />
Turqebi - am suraTs uyurebdnen<br />
da CurCulebdnen. ori dRis Semdeg<br />
daibares gamgeobis danarCeni wevrebi:<br />
iakob SaTaraSvili, aron ZorelaSvili<br />
da me _ malqiel exiskelaSvili; salocavi<br />
rom gaaRes, SevediT, ras vxedavT:<br />
sabuTebi, saangariSo wignebi, rveulebi<br />
iatakze iyo dayrili, fexebiT zed<br />
sabuTebze dadiodnen, salocavis SigniT<br />
iatakis ficrebi adgil-adgil acvenili<br />
iyo. gviTsres: revizia unda Cavataro-<br />
To... es gafantuli Canaweri, Semosavalgasavlis<br />
rveulebi, aRricxvianobis<br />
Jurnalebi avkrife iatakidan, davawyve<br />
Tveebad, wlebad, ris Semdeg daiwyes revizia.<br />
Oori kvire mimdinareobda dokumentaluri<br />
revizia. saocari siswrafiT<br />
gavrcelda xma sinagogebis daluqvaze<br />
_ kaci Tu qali, yvelani mocvivdnen<br />
saxlebidan da kiTxulobdnen: ra xdeba,<br />
yvirodnen, ratom daluqeT sinagoga _<br />
gamCenis saxli, es xom wminda saxlia<br />
_ gamCenis qeba–didebisa... Cven ebraelebi<br />
varT, araviTar politikur muSaobas<br />
ar vqadagebT, vloculobT yovel<br />
dila-saRamos. Tavs SevaklavT<br />
da sinagogas ar dagaketinebT,<br />
waRebul sefer-Torebs ukan davibrunebT.<br />
Aar kmara, rom omSi<br />
germanelebma 6 milioni ebraeli<br />
_ kacebi, qalebi, bavSvebi _ gaSiSvlebulebi,<br />
Tmebgadaparsulebi _<br />
amoTxril veberTela ormoebSi<br />
cocxlad Cahyares da zemodan<br />
tyviebi daaxales, zogsac wvavdnen,<br />
da axrCobdnen... exla aqac<br />
daiwyeT ebraelebis awiokeba, gandevna,<br />
gadasaxleba, dapatimreba...<br />
maTgan mxolod myrali sityvebi<br />
ismoda _ ukve mosulia<br />
miTiTeba, ramdenime Tqvens xalxs gavasaxlebTo.<br />
me, malqiel exiskelaSvilma, piradad<br />
vnaxe es suraTi: Sua transportis<br />
sasiarulo gzaze usinaTlo daTiko<br />
Saliaxovi dawva. mogrovda xalxi, manqanebma<br />
CarTes signalebi, mocvivda bevri<br />
policieli, Seiqna tirili,…yvirili.<br />
Oori dRis Semdeg sinagogaSi kedlidan<br />
meore kedlamde gaabes wiTel naWerze<br />
warwera leninis sityvebiT. exalTan<br />
Camokides farda kinosuraTis<br />
saCveneblad. salocavad Sesuli xalxi<br />
ukan gamobrunda. ebraelebis saxlebSi<br />
daiwyes Cxreka. zogs udanaSaulod xsnidnen<br />
samsaxuridan. yvelas eSinoda.<br />
xalxi, gadasaxlebis molodinSi, Cemodnebze<br />
da boxCebze ijda, an Tu vinmes<br />
raime Zvirfasi nivTi ebada, momzadebuli<br />
hqonda. SeSinebulebma da dazafrulebma,<br />
ar icodnen, ramden dros miscemdnen<br />
gasaxlebisTvis.<br />
1953 wlis furimis dilas radiom<br />
gadmosca cnoba stalinis avadmyofobis<br />
zaira davaraSvili<br />
(tvinSi sisxlis Caqcevis) Sesaxeb. es<br />
Zalian sawyeni iyo mTeli sabWoTa kav-<br />
Siris mosaxleobisTvis.<br />
xalxSi miTqma-moTqma gavrcelda:<br />
iqneb gamCenma nesi dagvmarTos, aministia<br />
gamocxaddes, locvebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis<br />
wevrebi da sxvebi gaanTavisuflon da<br />
am ubedurebas, am tanjva-awiokebas da<br />
Cagvras gadavurCeTo.<br />
Mmeore dRes gadmosces cnoba radioTi:<br />
ioseb besarionoviC stalini gardaicvala.<br />
didi glova iyo. gamokruli<br />
iyo warwerebi quCebSi, kedlebze,<br />
gamofenili iyo SavnaWriani droSebi.<br />
mTeli dRe radioTi gadmoicemoda samgloviaro<br />
musika.<br />
gavida ori kvira. gamocxadda aministia.<br />
rabebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis wevrebi _<br />
yvela ganTavisuflebuli iqna. xalxi<br />
sixaruliT tiroda. locvis kedlebidan<br />
Camoglijes gakruli suraTebi da<br />
wiTel naWrebze dawerili leninis lozungebi,<br />
saCqarod daiwyes locvis dasufTaveba.<br />
locvis kantoraSi Seikriba<br />
gamgeoba. Dyvelas axsovda, sadac hqondaT<br />
dabinavebuli salocavidan waRebuli<br />
inventarebi. me, malqielma, zepirad<br />
vicodi yvela sagani. qaRaldze Camovwere<br />
inventarebis CamonaTvali. daviqiraveT<br />
didi manqana, wavediT _ me, malqieli,<br />
buhRalteri, xaim ajamelaSvili,<br />
amnon cacanaSvili, abram ajamelaSvili.<br />
dawerili siis mixedviT moviTxoveT<br />
sefer-Torebi da sxva nivTebi, wamoviReT<br />
salocavSi. manqana salocavTan gaCerda.<br />
xalxi mocvivda sixaruliT, tiriliT.<br />
manqanidan awvdidnen sefer-Torebs.<br />
TiTo adamians TiTo sefer-Tora ekava<br />
xelSi _ neli nabijebiT, simReriTa da<br />
galobiT miabrZanebdnen exal-akodeSSi<br />
dasabrZaneblad.” da ase Semdeg...<br />
“iyo rTuli periodi, roca aSkenazebis<br />
locva-sinagogaSi mlocvelebis<br />
ricxvi Semcirda. zogs isic ki undoda,<br />
rom sinagoga daketiliyo. salocavis<br />
SenobasTan iyo qalebis didi samkervalo.<br />
maT surdaT am salocavis aReba da<br />
klubad gadaqceva. am periodSi, yovel<br />
dilas da saRamos, locvis dawyebis win,<br />
videqi gareT, fexiT sasiarulo gzaze<br />
da didi TxovniT, siyvarulobiT vexvewebodi<br />
yvelas, erTi saaTiT SeerTebodnen<br />
minians, rom gamCenis samsaxuri<br />
ar Sewyvetiliyo.<br />
madloba RmerTs, dRemde locva arsebobs<br />
da mimdinareobs.’’ Qqoen malqieli.<br />
07-2007 weli.<br />
vubrundebi 15 seqtembris Tbilisis<br />
oqrosferi Semodgomis mzian dilas da im<br />
eniT gamouTqmel sixaruls, didi salocavis<br />
mimdebare teritoriidan aSqenazebis<br />
salocavisaken leseliZis quCaze sefer-<br />
TorebiT xelSi mocekvave da momRerali<br />
xalxis xilva rom iwvevda. Ees dRe namdvilad<br />
“Rm-Tma Seqmna CvenTvis samxiarulod<br />
da vimxiaruleT kidec.” Q<br />
qoen malqiel exiskelaSvilis neSama<br />
ki, darwmunebuli var, CvenTan erTad mxiarulobda...<br />
zecaSi.<br />
zaira davaraSvili<br />
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
as welze meti xnis winaT merilendis Statis qalaq baltimorSi<br />
Camoyalibda pirveli ebrauli axalgazrduli centri. baltimoris<br />
magaliTs male wabaZes sxva qalaqebis sazogadoebrivma jgufebma<br />
da msgavsi organizaciebis Camoyalibeba daiwyes. dReisaTvis<br />
aSS-Si 400-ze meti msgavsi centri funqcionirebs da 750.000-ze<br />
met wevrs iTvlis.<br />
ebrauli centrebis Camoyalibebis istoria saTaves iRebs<br />
gasuli saukunis dasawyisidan.Aaxalgazrda aqtivistebi<br />
vaSingtonis pirvel quCaze mdebare uiliam robertsis saxlSi<br />
Seikribnen ebrauli klubis Camoyalibebis samomavlo perspeqtivis<br />
gansaxilvelad. imavdroulad ebraul wreebSi didi vaSingtonis<br />
farglebSi iseTi struqturis Seqmnaze bWobdnen, romelic ebrauli<br />
cxovrebis centralizacias da reglamentirebas moaxdenda.<br />
gadawyda me-16-e da “qiu”-stritis gadakveTaze mdebare Senobis<br />
Sesyidva da restavrireba.Aamas garda, ebrauli saTvistomos<br />
ZalisxmeviT Tanxebi gamoiyo “rokvil paiksa da montroz roudis”<br />
magistralebs Soris gadaWimuli miwis nakveTis Sesasyidad, sadac<br />
1969 wlis maisidan funqcionirebs didi vaSingtonis ebrauli<br />
sazogadoebrivi centri – SemoklebiT – ‘’jei si si.’’ Tuki<br />
dasawyisSi ebrauli centri sportuli jgufebisa da saleqcio<br />
fondebis CamoyalibebiT Semoifargleboda, dReisaTvis igi<br />
uzarmazar sazogadoebriv organizaciad iqca, romelic 17.000mde<br />
mudmiv wevrs aerTianebs, xolo mis seqciebSi 80.000-ze meti[!]<br />
kaci monawileobs... centris wliuri fondi 6.5 milion dolars<br />
aRemateba.<br />
ebrauli centris saqmianoba da misi sazogadoebrivi<br />
mniSvneloba imdenad mravlismomcvelia, programebi ki – ise<br />
mravalferovani, rom amaze laparaki Sors wagviyvans, amdenad,<br />
ramdenime maTganis CamoTvliT davkmayofildeT:<br />
xandazmulTa janmrTelobis reabilitaciis mizniT Seiqmna<br />
sagangebo seqciebi, saleqcio programebi... centrSi usinaTloTa<br />
dasaxmareblad arsebobs unikaluri gaerTianeba, romlis mTavari<br />
mizania maqsimalurad gazardos qveynis cxovrebaSi usinaTloTa<br />
21<br />
semk<br />
vaSingtonis ebrauli centri - jei si si<br />
saintereso Janri<br />
ramdenime xnis win niu-iorkSi gaimarTa prezentacia friad saintereso<br />
wignisa: “saqarTvelos cnobil mecnierTa da sazogado moRvaweTa zogierT<br />
naSromze Cemi Tvalsazrisi”, niu-iorki 2009, 275 gv. wigni dawerilia<br />
cnobili iuristisa da ekonomistis, ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris,<br />
profesoris, akademikosis, saqarTvelos Rirsebis ordenis kavaleris da<br />
Tbilisis erTgulebis medalosnis mixael roketliSvilis mier.<br />
am mSvenierma wignma, romelic avtorisgan saCuqrad miviRe, sasiamovno<br />
grZnobebi aRmiZra Tundac imis gamo, rom jer ar gamigia vinmes wigni<br />
gamoeces qarTulad naCuqari da ZRvnad mirTmeuli wignebis analiziT. am<br />
movlenam gamaxsena erTi mniSvnelovani detali.<br />
ieruSalaimSi, TalfioTis raionSi, aris israelis cnobili mwerlis,<br />
nobelis premiis laureatis Smuel iosef (Sai) agnonis saxl-muzeumi. igi<br />
ara marto ieruSalaimelTa, aramed israelis mcxovrebTa da turistTa<br />
erT-erTi sayvareli adgilia. saxl-muzeumis erTi oTaxi daTmobili aqvs<br />
mxolod im wignebs, romlebic didma mweralma miiRo saCuqrad sxvadasxva<br />
avtorebisagan. imisaTvis, rom am mwerlis Semoqmedebis atmosferoTi<br />
mecxovra, am saxl-muzeumSi megzuris movaleobas veweodi sazogadoebriv<br />
sawyisebze kviraSi erTxel.<br />
Sai agnonis saxl-muzeumSi Cemi xSiri stumrobis dros araerTxel<br />
minaxavs literaturis mkvlevarebi, studentebi, mwerlebi da Cveulebrivi<br />
damTvaliereblebi, romlebic swored aRniSnul oTaxSi isxdnen da ikvlevdnen<br />
an aTvalierebdnen didi mwerlisadmi ZRvnad mirTmeul sxvadasxva saxis<br />
wigns. amiT swavlobdnen raRac uxilav fardis miRma arsebul urTierTobebs<br />
wignis avtorsa da Sai agnons Soris da bevr zogierT moments, romelTa<br />
garkveva SeiZleba mxolod am wignze gakeTebul miZRvnaTa Seswavlis<br />
gziT.<br />
ar vici, apirebda Tu ara didi mwerali daewera rame Tavisi piradi<br />
biblioTekis am mniSvnelovan nawilze. rogorc misi STamomavlebi hyvebian,<br />
igi xSirad aTvalierebda am wignebs. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iCenda<br />
erTi ZRvnad mirTmeuli patara sefer-Toris mimarT, romelmac meore<br />
msoflio omis qar-cecxli gamoiara da gadarCa. amboben, yovel SabaTs da<br />
dResaswaulSi swored am sefer-ToraSi kiTxulobda faraSas. igi sixaruls,<br />
rwmenas da siamayes matebda mas. mkvlevarisTvis an mkiTxvelisTvis wignze<br />
gakeTebuli warwerebi badeben sxvadasxva varaudebs, uneblied dasmul<br />
SekiTxvebs, eWvebs, qmnian ama Tu im warmodgenas gamCuqeblisa da saCuqris<br />
mimRebis urTierTobebSi. es warwerebi maTi kaligrafiis, Sinaarsis, tonis,<br />
siTbos an sicivis gamoxatvis gamo garkveul warmodgenas iZlevian wignis<br />
monawileoba. am sazogadoebis gamocdilebas<br />
sagangebod Seiswavlian merilendis Statis<br />
samedicino struqturebSi.<br />
30 welze metia, rac ebrauli<br />
sazogadoebrivi centri anu rogorc<br />
mas ebraul wreebSi uwodeben - “hibro<br />
houm’’ (ebrauli saxli) - yovelTviur<br />
gazeTs uSvebs inglisur enaze. es<br />
gazeTi cdilobs moicvas ara marto<br />
vaSingtonis ebrauli Temis cxovreba,<br />
eTer fiCxaZe<br />
aramed msoflioSi mimdinare procesebi<br />
- rogorc israelSi, aseve Cveni planetis<br />
cxel wertilebSi momxdari movlenebi.ebraul sazogadoebriv<br />
cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia ierusalimis ebrauli<br />
universitetis mxardaWeriT Camoyalibebul “ebrauli ganaTlebis<br />
instituts”. am universitetis mecnierebma sagangebo programa<br />
SeimuSaves, romelic dainteresebul pirebs ebrauli istoriis,<br />
filosofiis, poeziisa da religiis dargSi miRebuli codnis<br />
gaRrmavebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. am institutTan mudmivad<br />
moqmedeben sagangebo komitetebi, romlebic zrunaven yvela asakis<br />
studentTaTvis individualuri programebis SesamuSaveblad.<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva yofili sabWoTa kavSiris<br />
respublikebidan Camosul ebraelTa mozidvas, romelTaTvisac<br />
xangrZlivi drois manZilze ucxod rCeboda rogorc ebrauli,<br />
aseve amerikuli kulturis monapovrebi.<br />
***<br />
rogor fiqrobT, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, - sasurvelia, an<br />
SesaZlebelia Tu ara aq, israelSic Camoyalibdes Tundac mcire<br />
masStabis msgavsi sazogadoeba, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom<br />
amerikaSi ebrauli kulturis Seswavlasa da SenarCunebazea<br />
gamaxvilebuli yuradReba, aq ki qarTvel ebraelTa interesebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT viRvawoT?<br />
eTer fiCxaZe<br />
gamCuqeblis pirovnebaze.<br />
is, rac aRvniSneT mwerlis Sai agnonis biblioTekaSi saCuqrad miRebul<br />
wignebis Sesaxeb, igive iTqmis akademikos mixael roketliSvilis mier<br />
saCuqrad miRebuli wignebis Sesaxebac. pirvel yovlisa, baton mixaelis<br />
sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom igi gulgrili araa saCuqrad miRebuli wignebis<br />
mimarT. batoni mixeili ara marto kiTxulobs maT, aramed recenzias<br />
ukeTebs, Sefasebas aZlevs, SeniSvnebs ukeTebs, aqebs, zogjer sinanulsac<br />
gamoTqvams, swavlobs maT da arc megobrul darigebas aklebs avtorebs. rac<br />
mTavaria, wignis avtoris gamoxmaurebani sxadasxva gamocemaze saSualebas<br />
aZlevs mkiTxvels, rom recenzirebuli wignebidan “Seiwovos” is sikeTe,<br />
rac am wignebSia CaRvrili da CaduRabebuli. yovel recenzirebul naSroms,<br />
gamokvlevas Tu mxatvruli Rirebulebis Semcvel nawarmoebs TiTqosda<br />
xelaxala gadaSlis xolme “Tvalsazrisis” avtori da mkiTxvelTan erTad<br />
kiTxulobs gamokvlevas Tu nawarmoebs, raTa Cvenc migvaRebinos garkveuli<br />
doza im siamovnebisa, rac man adre ukve miiRo.<br />
ase gvaziara batonma mixaelma mkiTxvelebi saqarTvelos eqs-prezident<br />
eduard SevardnaZis “memuarebs”, akademikos paata guguSvilisadmi miZRvnil<br />
krebuls, prof. ramaz abesaZis naSroms “ekonomikuri ganviTareba”, prof.<br />
rozeta asTianis wigns “patara qveyanas didi Secdomis ufleba ara aqvs”,<br />
mweral guram baTiaSvilis wigns “var daraji Cemi Zmisa” da missave<br />
“saxeebi da situaciebi”, eldar mamisTvaliSvilis wigns “qarTvel<br />
ebraelTa istoria”, giorgi xuxaSvilis wigns “bibliuri motivebi” da ase<br />
Semdeg. “TvalsazrisSi” bevri wignia ganxiluli, yvelas CamoTvla Sors<br />
wagviyvanda.<br />
akademikos mixael roketliSvilis wigni Sedegia im uzomo siyvarulisa,<br />
romelsac avtori ganicdis wignebisa da maTi avtorebis mimarT. aRniSnul<br />
wignSi, Sefarulad, sayvareli avtoris kidev erTi azria Cadebuli: ar<br />
gegonoT, rom es Cemi bolo wignia, siurprizebs kidev elodeT!<br />
veliT, batono mixael, 120 wlamde kidev bevri droa darCenili.<br />
axali Janri, romelic Tqven SemogvTavazeT, friad sainteresod<br />
mesaxeba.<br />
d-ri gerSon ben-oreni (wiwuaSvili)<br />
ieruSalaimi
22<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
Cai SaqriT Tu uSaqrod?<br />
bolo wlebSi sagrZnoblad gaxSirda Saqris<br />
daavadebis SeTxvevebi Cvens TemSi. samarTlianoba<br />
moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom es arasasurveli procesi<br />
mTel msoflioSi mimdinareobs da rasakvirvelia,<br />
israelic “ar CamorCeba” am mxriv aravis!..– Cvens<br />
qveyanaSic yovelwliurad izrdeba Saqriani diabetiT<br />
daavadebulTa ricxvi, magram qarTul ebraul<br />
TemSi igi procentulad gansakuTrebiT maRalia.<br />
semk-is xelmZRvanelobam mosaxleobaze daxmarebis<br />
mizniT gadawyvita am SemaSfoTebeli faqtis<br />
mizezebis gamokvleva – sagangebod SerCeuli<br />
kvalificiuri samedicino personalisa da saTanadod<br />
momzadebul pirTagan Semdgari jgufis (dietologebi,<br />
swori kvebis specialisti mrCevlebi,<br />
eqimi endokrinologebi) meSveobiT moawyos Sexvedrebi<br />
mosaxleobasTan mTeli qveynis masStabiT. salocavebsa<br />
da sxva saxis sakrebuloebs gaegzavnebaT<br />
axsna – ganmartebiTi prospeqtebi; moxdeba mosaxleobis<br />
farTo fenebis gamokiTxva, maTi kvebisa da cxovrebis<br />
niris Seswavla – gamokvleva, raTa miRebuli<br />
Sedegebis safuZvelze samedicino personalsa da<br />
mTel samuSao jgufs gauadvildeT gegmis Sedgena<br />
mosaxleobaze samedicino informaciisa da daavadebis<br />
Tavidan acilebis Tanamedrove meTodebis droulad<br />
miwodebis mizniT.<br />
am saxis RonisZieba pirvelad tardeba Cvens Tem-<br />
Si.<br />
***<br />
ramdenime kviris win vestumre Cems saojaxo eqims<br />
Cveulebrivi wliuri gamokvlevis pasuxebiT. man<br />
guldasmiT gamsinja, Semdeg CaaTvaliera analizis pasuxebi,<br />
gamiRima da momigo: “yoCaR, rom Saqari normaluri<br />
gaqvT!” – me me cota gamakvirva am pasuxma<br />
da odnav dabneulma vkiTxe: “ratom ar unda mqondes<br />
normaluri?” – eqimma qalma saTvale moixsna, gadmoixara<br />
Cemsken da Zalze seriozuli xmiT momigo:<br />
“qalbatono, iciT Tu ara, rom Cemi pacienti qarTveli<br />
ebraelebis oTxmoc procentze meti Saqris<br />
daavadebiT itanjeba? maTi naxevari insulinis miRebas<br />
saWiroebs!.. ra mogdiT, gamagebineT?!” – me gakvirvebT<br />
Sevxede eqims da xma ver amoviRe...<br />
marTlacda, megobrebo, ra mogvdis? – sxvebma Seam-<br />
Cnies Cveni Temis problema da migviTiTes, Cven ki,<br />
rogorc ityvian, “yurze gvZinavs” – arc ki vsaubrobT<br />
am Temaze!<br />
naxevari saukunis win saqarTveloSi vcxovrobdiT<br />
da simarTle unda iTqvas, didad ar viyaviT<br />
ganebivrbulni samedicino mom–saxurebiT. ufro bed<br />
– iRbalze viyaviT mindobilni vidre wamal – eqimze,<br />
iSviaTad Tu gavigonebdiT Saqris daavadebis SemTxvevebs<br />
da isic, moxucebSi anda im ojaxis wevrebze,<br />
romelTac “CamomavlobaSi” hqondaT es daavadeba. es<br />
ki imdenad bunebrivad iTvleboda, rom aravis ukvirda<br />
da aravin kiTxulobda – ratom? ra mizeziT?<br />
magaliTad, sakvebis iseTi saxeobani, rogoricaa –<br />
TeTri fqv–ilis nawarmi, xaWapuri, SaqriTa da cximiT<br />
mdidari namcxvreuli, makaroni, brinji da tkbili<br />
xili – fufunebis sagnad iTvleboda da<br />
Tqven warmoidgineT, sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis<br />
garkveul safexursac ki warmoadgenda. sufraze<br />
cxel xaWapurTan erTad rom moarTmevdnen surnelovan<br />
Cais, bordosfer alublis murabasa da TovliviT<br />
TeTr Saqars, arc ki davfiqrdebodiT, ise CaviyridiT<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
WiqaSi sam-oTx natex Saqars da zed ramdenime kovz<br />
murabasac davayolebdiT!.. vWamdiT da vsvamdiT didi<br />
siamovnebiT da araviTari sindisis qejna ar gvawuxebda<br />
im wuTebSi; madloba RmerTs, janmrTelobasac<br />
ar vuCiodiT!..<br />
dRes ki wamodges is gmiri, romelic gabedavs da<br />
iseTsave tkbil Cais dalevs, rogorc imJamad!..<br />
gavida dro. daviwyeT amosvla da dasaxleba<br />
israelSi. aq dagvixvda cnobili “kufaT xolimis”<br />
samedicino personali mTeli Tavisi mdidari<br />
gamocdilebiT. ise gamogvikvlies, rom erTi organoc<br />
ar dagvitoves Seuswavleli. mokle xnis gavlis<br />
Semdeg verc mivxvdiT, rogor momravlda Cvens irgvliv<br />
sxvadasxva daavadebis mqone axlobeli Tu<br />
nacnobi. maT Sesaxeb ki manamde ara vicodiT ra!..<br />
gavida wlebi. SevegueT israelur klimatsa da<br />
sakvebs. aqauri bazrebisa da maRaziebis sursaTsanovagis<br />
siuxvema da mravalferovnebam ise gaaxalisa<br />
da gaamdidra Cveni futkariviT moZravi da kulinariis<br />
moyvaruli qalbatonebis fantazia, rom dRes<br />
isini TavianTi moxerxebiTa da sakuTari naxelaviT<br />
ar Camouvardebian israelis iseT cnobil kulinarebsa<br />
da konditorebs, rogoric arian – israel<br />
aharoni, xaim qoeni Tu karin goreni.<br />
ai, axla ki movida dro gadavxedoT Cvens saqveynod<br />
cnobil sufras. me aq gangeb ar aRvniSnav sufris<br />
daniSnulebas – dRes xom waiSala zRvari (avalalod!..)<br />
sazeimo da samwuxaro sufrebs Soris! sulo<br />
da gulo, rac ginda moisurve! – Citis rZec ki<br />
ar aklia magidas! magram... yoveli ulufidan TiTo<br />
lukmac rom gavsinjoT, isic ki didi tvirTi iqneba<br />
Cveni patara kuWisTvis gadasamuSaveblad da muWisodena<br />
gulisTvis – mZime dawolis gasaZlebad...<br />
maS ase, mivdivarT garkveuli daniSnulebis sufraze,<br />
davyofT iq ramdenime saaTs. vzivarT, vWamT<br />
da vsvamT yvelafers, rasac moarTmeven!.. viRlebiT,<br />
viwyebT mTqnarebas, magram xalxis gverideba da isev<br />
vubrundebiT Cvens win gaSlil nair – nair sanovages...<br />
cnobili suraTia yoveli CvenganisaTvis, xom<br />
marTalia?! – modiT axla davsvaT kiTxva – ra mosdis<br />
Cvens organizms aseTi intensiuri kulinaruli<br />
datvirTvis Semdeg? sad midis kaloriebis an Saqris<br />
is didi raodenoba, romelic Cvenma patiosanma da<br />
dauRalavma kuW – nawlavma gadaamuSava ramdenime<br />
saaTis ganmavlobaSi?<br />
pasuxi erTia: sabolood yvelaferi grovdeba<br />
sisxlSi!<br />
magram sixli xom adamianis organizmis yoveli<br />
kuTxe – kunWu–lisaken miedineba! misi yoveli umniSvnelo<br />
cvlilebac ki Sesabamis gavlenas axdens<br />
yvela organoze. swored amis mizezia meore dRes<br />
Tavis tkivili, moTenTiloba, TvalebSi bindis Camowola,<br />
uxasia–Toba... es movlenebi Tu meore da mesame<br />
dResac gagrZelda, auci–leblad gaviqceviT eqimTan.<br />
– “wyurvilis grZnobis gaZliereba, xel – fexis<br />
bJuili, sisuste?” – imeorebs eqimi Cvens Civils,<br />
Tavs usiamod iqnevs da saswrafod gvagzavnis sisxlis<br />
analizis gasakeTeblad...<br />
aRmoCnda, rom Saqris daavadebazea laparaki! –<br />
“saidan, rogor? “ – gakvirvebulni vkiTxulobT<br />
Cven...<br />
ra aris Saqris daavadeba da ra mizezebiT warmoiSoba<br />
igi?<br />
Saqris daavadeba gamowveulia organizmSi metaboluri<br />
sistemis – nivTierebaTa cvlis – moSliT.<br />
sxva daavadebebTan SedarebiT igi yvelaze metadaa<br />
dakavSirebuli kvebis wessa da saxeobasTan. dadgenilia,<br />
rom SaqriT daavadebulTa 90% iwonis bevrad<br />
imaze mets, vidre unda iwonides Tavis asakTana<br />
da simaRlesTan SedarebiT. rodesac organizmi<br />
sistematurad iRebs bevrad imaze met sakvebs, vidre<br />
mis saWmlis momnelebel sistemas ZaluZs gadaamuSaos,<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi xdeba nivTierebaTa cvlis<br />
moSla da sxva funqciaTa darRvevebis paralelurad<br />
yalibdeba Saqris daavadebac.<br />
Saqari adamianis organizmis energiis wyaroa, misi<br />
miReba iseve aucilebelia, rogorc cilebis, cximebis,<br />
vitaminebisa da miner–alebis. Saqari cocxali organizmis<br />
ujredis erT – erTi sasi–cocxlo komponentia,<br />
amitom aucileblad unda miewodos mas gar–<br />
kveuli raodenobiT.<br />
Saqris zedmeti raodenobis miRebisas pankreasis<br />
jirkvali iZu–lebuli xdeba gamohyos normaze<br />
meti hormoni insulini, raTa moaxerxos miRebuli<br />
Saqris mTeli raodenobis ganeitraleba. garkveul<br />
sazRvramde adamianis organizmi axerxebs am wonasworobis<br />
dacvas. magram Tu SaqriT mdidari sakvebis<br />
miReba kvlav Cveuli wesiT gagrZelda, pankreasis<br />
jirkvali iZulebuli gaxdeba gamohyos kvlavindeburad<br />
didi raodenobis hormoni, rac sabolood<br />
mis dasustebas gamoiwvevs. garkveuli drois Semdeg<br />
mcire raodenobis insulins miawvdis organizms<br />
an saerTod Sewyvets mis gamoyofas. vinaidan Saqari<br />
insulinis gareSe sisxlis ujredSi ver Sedis, amitom<br />
xdeba misi didi raodenobiT dagroveba. ase<br />
yalibdeba Saqriani diabeti. gamodis, rom am saSiSi<br />
daavadebis ZiriTadi mizezia gadametebuli kveba da<br />
Saqris didi raodenobiT miReba.<br />
Saqris daavadeba ganekuTvneba hormonalur daavadebaTa<br />
ricxvs. hormoni es aris gansakuTrebuli<br />
daniSnulebis nawilaki , romelic xels uwyobs sxvadasxva<br />
organoTa urTierTkavSirsa da harmoniul<br />
muSaobas. isini pirdapir sisxlSi Sedian da masTan<br />
erTad miemar–Tebian saTanado daniSnulebiT. hormon<br />
insulins sasicocxlo mniS–vneloba aqvs SaqriT<br />
daavadebulTaTvis.<br />
saSiSia sisxlSi Saqris donis aweva, magram aranakleb<br />
saSiSia (zogjer ufro metadac ki!) misi mkve-<br />
Tri dacema. uecari stresebis anda Zlieri nerviulobis<br />
dros pankreasis jirkvali gamohyofs insulinis<br />
did raodenobas, romelic mTlianad STanTqavs<br />
sisxlSi arsebul Saqars da iwvevs misi donis minimumamde<br />
dacemas. am dros adamiani fiTrdeba, ewyeba<br />
kankali da zogjer gonsac kargavs. am mov–lenas<br />
“komas” eZaxian. es Zalze saSiSi situaciaa. avadmyofs<br />
Tu droulad ar miewoda Saqari an tkbili<br />
siTxe, SesaZloa miiRos tvinis seriozuli dazianeba<br />
anda daiRupos kidec...<br />
dilis saaTebSi Saqris done dabla iwevs, amitom<br />
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba dilis sauzmis droulad<br />
miRebas. aucilebelia Saqris donis yoveldRiuri<br />
kontroli, kvebis mkacri reJimis dacva, insu–<br />
linis garkveuli dozis sistematuri da drouli<br />
miReba, swori wesiT cxovreba, sporti, sufTa haerze<br />
seirnoba.<br />
megobrebo, mogexsenebaT, iraneli ebraelebis si-<br />
Zunweze uamravi anegdoti dadis mosaxleobaSi. erT<br />
maTganze msurs mogaxsenoT: qalma namcxvari gamoacxo<br />
da qmars daaxvedra. saRamos Cais sufras rom<br />
Semousxdnen, qmarma namcxvris erTi lukma miawoda<br />
cols, romelsac saamo Rimili moefina saxeze –<br />
calke qmris saqcieli esiamovna da calke namcxvari<br />
egemriela. Tvalebi milula, saxe gaebadra da daeloda<br />
meore lukmasac... qmari ki Sescqeris sarkastuli<br />
RimiliT da pasuxobs: “ Wirime, gana yovel lukmas<br />
erTi da igive gemo ara aqvs? rad ginda meti?!..<br />
“<br />
es mxolod anegdotia da xumrobad iTvleba, magram<br />
netavi ki yovel SaqriT daavadebuls hyavdes<br />
gverdiT iraneli Zunwi meuRlis msgavsi vinme “keTili<br />
angelozi”, romelic tkbileulis erTi lukmis<br />
gasinjvas daajerebs...<br />
winamdebare statiaSi mxolod mokled da Zalze<br />
zogadad SevexeT Saqriani diabetis daavadebis sa-<br />
SiSroebas. Cveni mizania, upirveles yovlisa, am problemaze<br />
yuradRebis gamaxvileba. naTqvamia, “vinc Wiri<br />
damalao, Wirma is damalao.” Tu ar daviwyeT mas-<br />
Tan SebrZoleba, SesaZloa saSiSroebis winaSe aRmovCndeT<br />
Cvenc, Cveni ojaxica da momavali Taobebic...<br />
RmerTma jer wamali gaaCina da Semdeg adamiani.<br />
SaqriT daavadebulTaTvis mTavar wamlad sworad<br />
SerCeuli sakvebi unda gadaiqces.<br />
sibere ki bunebrivad gvexveva Tavs, Tmas gviTe-<br />
Trebs da welSi gvxris, Zvlebis moculobas gvimcirebs<br />
da naoWebs gvimravlebs, magram mTavari is ki<br />
ar aris , ramden wels vicocxlebT, aramed is Tu<br />
ramdenad xarisxianad gavlevT RmerTisgan naCuqar<br />
mSvenier gzas – sicocxlisas!<br />
“SaqariviT tkbili” cxovreba namdvilad kargia,<br />
magram umjobesia rac SeiZleba meti “Saqari amogvdiodes<br />
piridan” da nu dagvaviwydeba kidev erTi mSvenieri<br />
gamoTqma: “Sens pirs Saqari!..”<br />
ruTi mixaeli
Znuli<br />
azrebis<br />
***<br />
samkauli da samSvenisi mxolod mSveniers amSvenebs.<br />
Talmudi<br />
***<br />
Tu iswavli imdeni gasce, ramdensac Rebulob, Tu gecodineba mousmino, sanam<br />
SeekamaTebode, meored Tu awoni, sanam gacxardebi, Tu xandaxan dasTmob da<br />
Seundob kidec, Tu odnav mainc ecdebi sxvebis gaxarebas, Tu daimaxsovreb, rom<br />
moTmineba gamarjvebas uwyobs xels, _ maSin sabolood gecodineba Sen da<br />
ecodineba yvelas, rom namdvilad gaizarde da iqec adamianad.<br />
rabi kiplingi<br />
***<br />
antikuri droidanve Cven warmovadgenT sulierebis xalxs, romlisTvisac Tora<br />
erTsa da imave dros samSoblocaa, xelisuflebac da konstituciac.<br />
smolenski<br />
***<br />
adamians ori Tvali imitom misces, rom erTi TvaliT Tavisi megobris Rirsebebi<br />
dainaxos, meore TvaliT ki _ sakuTari naklovanebebi.<br />
rabi meir ferSmiSleneli<br />
***<br />
mxolod sxvaTa yofaSi TanamonawileobiT eniWeba azri da mniSvneloba Cvens<br />
sakuTar yofierebas,<br />
martin buberi.<br />
***<br />
Cven vaWarTa Svilebi varT, magram winaswarmetyvelTa SviliSvilebi<br />
vaicmani.<br />
***<br />
kaci qalSi megobars eZebs da Tavis nekns poulobs.<br />
sulcbergeri<br />
***<br />
ebraelebma imdeni sikeTe moutanes qveynierebas, amasTan erTad imdeni Tavsatexi<br />
gauCines mas, rom kacobrioba arasodes iqneba samarTliani maT mimarT.<br />
ernest renani<br />
***<br />
me ebraeli var da araferi ebrauli CemTvis ucxo ar aris.<br />
luzato<br />
***<br />
swavluli kaci mefeze ufro didia: swavluli rom mokvdes, mas veRaravin<br />
Secvlis, mefis Secvla ki yvelas SeuZlia.<br />
Talmudi<br />
***<br />
me mzad var uaresisTvis, magram ukeTesis imedi maqvs.<br />
dizraeli<br />
***<br />
furimi erTia, amani ki aTasi.<br />
andaza<br />
***<br />
bolo antisemiti maSin mokvdeba, roca mokvdeba bolo ebraeli.<br />
pereci<br />
***<br />
kokas qva daeca da vai kokas, koka qvas daeca da isev vai kokas.<br />
midraSi<br />
***<br />
eqimis movaleoba mxolod da mxolod isaa, rom bunebas daexmaros.<br />
rambami<br />
***<br />
damexmare, rom wamovdge. dacema me TviTonac SemiZlia.<br />
andaza.<br />
skivri<br />
ebrauli<br />
iumori<br />
23<br />
semk<br />
***<br />
iankel, rogorc iqna, meSvela, xelSi Cavigde wigni ‘’rogor gavxde<br />
milioneri.’’<br />
- gilocav.<br />
- magram wignis naxevari amoglejilia.<br />
- ara uSavs, naxevari milionic kargi fulia.<br />
***<br />
rabinTan midis Sewuxebuli kaci da ekiTxeba:<br />
- rabi, xuTi Svili myavs. rogor moviqce, rom meeqvse ar meyolos?<br />
- limonaTi dalie.<br />
- ‘’imis’’ win Tu ‘’imis’’ mere?<br />
- ‘’imis’’ magier.<br />
***<br />
ori odeseli qali kamaTobs:<br />
- Sen ici vina xar? Sen – beberi meZavi xar.<br />
- beberio?! rogor makadre!..<br />
-<br />
-<br />
***<br />
rogora xar?<br />
leniniviT: arc mmarxaven, arc maWmeven.<br />
***<br />
rabinoviCi me-15 sarTulidan vardeba. mexuTe sarTuls rom gausworda,<br />
fanjris iqidan viRacam gamosZaxa:<br />
- rabinoviC, rogoraa saqme?<br />
- jerjerobiT ara uSavs.…<br />
***<br />
rotSildis didebuli mavzoleumis win frankfurtis sasaflaoze<br />
aRtacebuli dgas ori ebraeli da keTili SuriT Sehyureben mdidrul<br />
akldamas. bolos erTma amoioxra:<br />
- eh, kargia kargi cxovreba.<br />
***<br />
- me davazRvie mTeli qoneba xanZrisa da setyvis SemTxvevisTvis –<br />
eubneba levenbaxi levins.<br />
- xanZari kidev mesmis, magram setyvis gamowvevas rogor axerxeb?<br />
***<br />
ebraeli sabWoTa kavSiridan israelSi moemgzavreba. moskovis sabaJoSi<br />
Cemodans uxsnian da breJnevis portretze miuTiTeben:<br />
- ra aris es?<br />
- jer erTi, ‘’ra’’ ki ara - ‘’vin:’’ _ Cveni partiis generaluri mdivani<br />
leonid ilias Ze breJnevi.<br />
igive scena meordeba bengurionis aeroportSi:<br />
- vin aris es?<br />
- jer erTi, ‘’vin’’ ki ara - ‘’ra:’’ oqros CarCo.<br />
***<br />
ainStainis samecniero karieris dasawyisSi erTi Jurnalisti<br />
dainteresda, Tu ra azris iyo didi mecnieris coli Tavisi qmris<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
- Cemi qmari geniosia! – Tqva ainStainis colma _ mas SeuZlia<br />
absoluturad yvelafris gakeTeba, garda fulisa.<br />
`<strong>moambe</strong>~ - saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis<br />
yovelTviuri gazeTi.<br />
mTavari redaqtori: jemal ajiaSvili<br />
saredaqcio kolegia:<br />
gerSon ben-oreni (wiwuaSvili), cisana Samir-biniaSvili,<br />
Tamar kezeraSvili, izolda krixeli, eTer fiCxaZe, nugzar<br />
janaSvili.<br />
dakabadoneba da dizaini: levan ajiaSvili<br />
calkeul SemTxvevebSi redaqcia SeiZleba ar iziarebdes<br />
avtoris Sexedulebebs.<br />
ebraul sakuTar saxelTa xmarebisas, saTemo gazeTis<br />
specifikidan gamomdinare, upiratesobas TemSi damkvidrebul<br />
tradicias vaniWebT (moSe - moses nacvlad, Slomo - solomonis<br />
nacvlad da a.S.).<br />
redaqciis misamarTi: Tel-avivi, dizingofis q. 50, 64332.<br />
tel.: +972 3 620 45 57<br />
faqsi: +972 3 620 45 73<br />
veb misamarTi: www.georgianjews.org<br />
el. fosta: wcje1@netvision.net.il
2010 ץרמ<br />
# 1<br />
ע”שת ןסינ<br />
www.georgianjews.org<br />
ילבוטוח יפיצ כ”ח<br />
יירוהש הדבועה תוכזב .תיתדה תונויצה<br />
זוכיר ןיא הבש ריע איהש ,תובוחרל ורבע<br />
תילארשי הביבסב יתלדג ,הדעה לש לודג<br />
ךוניחהמ יגולואידיא ןעטמ יתלביקו ,תיתד<br />
.יתד ינויצה<br />
לתב יתדמל הב אנפלואב הבצעתה יתוישיא<br />
רבבו םילשוריב תודהיל תושרדמב ,ביבא<br />
תובוחרב םינבר לצא הרותה ירועישב ,ןליא<br />
לע הרימשה לע תובישחה תא יתוא ודמילש<br />
יתישעש תוחילשב ,לארשי ץרא לע רשקה<br />
תובלתשהב,הקירפא םורדבו ב”הראב<br />
אללו ,ונלש תוהזה תנבה אלל .תרושקתב<br />
,הרושב איבהל לכונ אל םישרושל רוביח<br />
ץראב יתולג םלועב תויחל ךישמנ אלא<br />
.לארשי<br />
רומישב איה תיתדע הוואגש בשוחש ימ<br />
תורפסה ,םירישה ,םידוקירה ,רולקלופה<br />
תויחל ךישמהל ףידעמ ,תיניזורגה הפשהו<br />
חספה גחב .לארשי ץרא ךותב היזורגב<br />
,תולגהמ תאצל הכזנש תללפתמ ינא בורקה<br />
ךופהלו ,ונכותמ תולגה תא איצוהל רקיעבו<br />
.תמאב םילארשיל<br />
ןועידי<br />
03-6204573 :סקפ 03-6204557 :לט 64332 א”ת לע לדגמ 50 ףוגניזיד :תבותכ .היגרואג ידוהי לש ימלועה סרגנוקה םעטמ רואל אצוי<br />
תולגהמ תאצל יליוושאלירימ לאירבג<br />
תיניזורגה הדעה תא הפשח ץראל הילעה<br />
הברהו ,תינוליחה תילארשיה הרבחל<br />
םלעיהל הלחה ןבל באמ הרבעש תרוסמהמ<br />
תוברתה תא ץמאל ולחה המוקמבו<br />
תא הדביא תיניזורגה הדעה .תינוליחה<br />
םירעב ויה םירוגמהש הדבועהו תויתרוסמה<br />
הממחה תא ורמיש דודשאו דול ומכ תוזכורמ<br />
.תוילארשיל חתפיהל ילבמ תיתדעה<br />
רושק תילארשיה הרבחב עמטיהל תלוכיה<br />
רבחתהל הריעצה הרבחה לש תלוכיב<br />
תא ןיבהלו ,רתוי קומע םוקממ תודהיל<br />
םידוהי ונתויה לש הקומעה תועמשמה<br />
.לארשי ץראב םייחש<br />
,תודהיל םירבוחמה םילארשיל ךופהל ונילע<br />
,םישרושה תא ריכהל ,תרוסמה תא דבכל<br />
ולעש םיצולחה םירוהה רודל הדות ריכהלו<br />
.רבעמ רוד לש ריחמ ומלישו ץראל<br />
הדעה ישנא תא רקבל העיגמ ינאשכ םויה<br />
,תסנכב הגיצנ םהל שיש ךכ לע םיאגש<br />
הדעל האג תב ינא ,םהל רמול יל בושח<br />
ךרדה בוציעו ךוניחה תא לבא ,תיניזורגה<br />
לש שרדמה תיבב יתלביק תיגולואידיאה<br />
תא תוארל םדא בייח רודו רוד לכב“<br />
,”םירצממ אצי אוה וליאכ ומצע<br />
תולגהמ האיציה ךילהת ,תורחא םילימב<br />
רבעמה לש דחא עגרב שחרתמ וניא<br />
רבעמ שרוד אוה .לארשי ץראל תולגהמ<br />
.ילטנמו יתוברת<br />
רבדמהמו,רבדמל םירצממ רבוע לארשי םע<br />
בלש שי ץראל תולגה ןיב .לארשי ץראל<br />
בושל םעפ ידמ הצור לארשי םע ובש םייניב<br />
םיאושיקלו םיחיטבאל םיעגעגתמ ,םירצמל<br />
.תולגה לש<br />
תא רובעל הכירצ ץראל התלעש הדע לכ<br />
רוחבל הילע הפוסב לבא םייניבה תפוקת<br />
.ץראה לא תסנכנו תולגהמ תאצוי איהש<br />
לבא ,ריחמה תא םלשמ בורל םייניבה רוד<br />
רוחבל לוכי ץראב לדגו דלונש ריעצה רודה<br />
.תוילארשיב<br />
ינויצ ןוזח ךותמ ץראל התלע היזורג תודהי<br />
םינברה .תופידר וא הקוצמ ךותמ אלו<br />
הנושארה תונמדזהב ץראל ולעש םיצולחה<br />
ךותמ תאז ושע ,לזרבה רעש תחיתפ םע<br />
.לארשי ץראב םיידוהי םייח תויחל ןוצר<br />
לש םוקמ אלממ תכרב<br />
ימלועה סרגנוקה אישנ<br />
היגרואג ידוהי לש<br />
יליוושאלירימ לאירבג<br />
ללגב דחוימב ,.היגרואג ידוהי לש ימלועה סרגנוקה תוליעפב יונישה ךרובמ<br />
ןותיעל ותוא ונחפהו ”ןועידי“ ןותיע לש תכרעמה ירבח רפסמ ונלדגהש הדבועה<br />
.םיאשונה תניחבמ ןהו הרוצה תניחבמ ןה רתוי ינוגברו בחרומ<br />
ןפואבו תינמז וב ראתל הרטמל ומצעל םישל ךירצ ןותיעה לש םירצויה תווצ<br />
,היגרואגבו ץראב קר אל םייחה ,היגרואג ידוהי ייחב לוחיש יוניש לכ ילאיר<br />
.תירבה תוצראבו הפוריא תוצראב ,היסורב םג אלא<br />
הדעה ברקב תויומשרתהה תא ”ןועידי”ה ךרד ץיפהל – סרגנוקה ילהנמ תרטמ<br />
. םהידכנו םהידלי ברקב םג אלא ,רגובמה רודה ברקב קר אל<br />
היצזירלופופהש ,תווקלו תשדוחמ תנוכתמב ןותיעה תאצוה ןויער ךרבל יילע<br />
.וסיסבב וראשיי םינשה תואמ תרוסמהו הרישעה תשרומה ,תידוהיה חורה לש<br />
,האופרו עדמ ,תוברת ישודיחב – יכוניח ללכ עדימ רוקמל ךופהי אוה ,הז םע דחי<br />
תא ריאיו םלועה תוניפ לכב םייחה םידוהיה םע רשקה תא ךישמי אוה<br />
.ריהב רואב םלועב םישחרתמה םיכילהתה<br />
תוריהמב הנתשמ ונביבסמ םייחה ,דואמ ימאניד אוה – שדחה 21-ה האמה<br />
םיאשונ סרגנוקה ינפב דימעמ רוביצהו .ריהמ בצקב םיחתפתמ םיעוריאה ,קזב<br />
.יניינעו ריהמ ,ןוכנ ןורתפ םישרוד רשא ,םאתהב םישדח<br />
תא ריהבהל םיכירצ ונא היגרואג ידוהי לש ימלועה סרגנוקה ןותיע תועצמאב<br />
רתוי בחר ךבדנ ונביבסמ ץבקלו ךושמל ידכ ,תילאיר הרוצבו תינמז וב םיאשונה<br />
ילארגטניא קלחל ןמזמ הכפה ונתדע .רוביצה לש<br />
הילוח אוה היגרואג ידוהי לש ימלועה סרגנוקהו ,תילארשיה תוירוביצה לש<br />
ידוהי לכ ןיב תרשקמ<br />
חופיטלו דוחיאל גואדל איה תירקיעה ותרטמל .םלועה תוניפ לכב םייחה היגרואג<br />
.היגרואג תודהי תדע לש<br />
תונויער יפ לע דובעת ןותיעה לש בחרומ םירצוי תווצ םגש הווקת ילוכ ינא<br />
.וחילצהו ולע.םהב עייתסיתו הלא<br />
,החמיש הל לחאלו םלועה לכבו לארשיב היגרואג תודהי תא ךרבל יילע .ףוסבו<br />
.םייחה ימוחת לכב גושגשו םודיק ,החלצה<br />
.ןוחטיבו םולש לארשי םעל איבי אבו ברקה חספ גחו ןתיי ימ<br />
.חמשו רשכ חספ גח<br />
ררועתת“ ורפסמ עטק איבמ יליוושאי’גא לאמג ’פורפ – ”ראי יבאב“<br />
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