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naTela maRlakeliZe, nana kucia<br />
qarTuli ena da<br />
literatura<br />
10<br />
maswavleblis <strong>wigni</strong><br />
gamomcemloba `meridiani~<br />
Tbilisi 2012
qarTuli ena da literatura<br />
X klasi<br />
maswavleblis <strong>wigni</strong><br />
avtorebi:<br />
redaqtori<br />
dizaineri<br />
ISBN<br />
uak<br />
gamomcemloba `meridiani~,<br />
© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012<br />
© n. maRlakeliZe, n. kucia<br />
naTela maRlakeliZe, nana kucia<br />
nino Todua<br />
daviT kutubiZe<br />
Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 39-15-22<br />
E-mail: davideku1@mail.ru, info@meridianpub.com<br />
N. Maglakelidze, N. Jashi, N. Todua<br />
`Georgian language and literature~, the book of the teacher 10, in Georgian<br />
`Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012
Sinaarsi:<br />
meToduri miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvis<br />
1. iakob curtaveli, „SuSanikis wameba~ _ litaraturuli komentarebi<br />
2. ioane sabanisZe, „abos wameba~:<br />
a) literaturuli komentarebi<br />
b) meToduri komentarebi (sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi)<br />
3. „vefxistyaosani~ _ meToduri komentarebi<br />
4. sulxan-saba orbeliani _ literaturuli komentarebi<br />
meToduri miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvis:<br />
saswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: a) `qarTuli ena da literatura~, moswavlis<br />
<strong>wigni</strong>, X klasi da b) `maswavleblis <strong>wigni</strong>~.<br />
a) `moswavlis <strong>wigni</strong>~ _ qarTuli ena da literatura, X klasi Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli erovnuli<br />
saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs daicvas is moTxovnebi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia qarTuli<br />
enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis mixedviT. sakiTxavi masalis ZiriTad nawils (60%)<br />
warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebuli savaldebulo literatura:<br />
1. iakob xucesi _ `SuSanikis wameba~.<br />
2. iovane sabanisZe _ `abos wameba~.<br />
3. giorgi merCule _ `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ _ 12 epizodi:<br />
1. grigolis cxovreba sasuliero moRvaweobis dawyebamde; 2. zenonis epizodi; 3. grigoli da<br />
gabriel dafanCuli; 4. grigo lisa da aSot kurapalatis pirveli Sexvedra; 5. saba iSxnelisa da<br />
bagrat kurapalatis dialogi; 6. grigoli dasavleT saqarTveloSi; 7. grigolis Sexvedra dedas-<br />
Tan; 8. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba; 9. efrem mawyverelis Rvawli; 10. romanuli epizodebi (aSoti,<br />
adarnerse); 11. cqiris epizodi; 12. grigolis aRsasruli.<br />
4. SoTa rusTaveli _ `vefxistyaosani~ _ „dasawyisidan~ „tarielis TaTbiris~ CaTvliT; „dasasruli~.<br />
5. sulxan-saba orbeliani: „<strong>wigni</strong> sibrZne sicruisa~: leonis Tavgadasavali; igav-arakebi: „mefe<br />
xorasanisa~, „Zunwi didvaWari’’, `ugunuri mcuravi~, `samni brmani~, `mefunduke da didvaWari`;<br />
6. daviT guramiSvili _ `daviTiani~ _ ,qarTlis Wiri~ (istoriuli narativi); `kacisa da sawuTros<br />
ciloba`; „vai, ra kargi saCino~, „saxiT sityva-Sueniero~, „sawuTro soflis samduravi~.<br />
teqstebi ZiriTadad amoRebulia `qarTuli mwerlobis~ I - VII tomebidan (Tb. `nakaduli~, 1987,<br />
1989 ww.), `vefxistyaosani~ ki mihyveba n. naTaZiseul saskolo gamocemas. komentarebic Sesabamisad<br />
am wignebis mixedviT gakeTda, Tumca am mizniT aseve farTod gamoviyeneT sulxan-saba orbelianis<br />
`qarTuli leqsikoni~ da i. abulaZis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni~. masala dalagebulia<br />
garkveuli qronologiiT, rac uzrunvelyofs qarTuli literaturis Sesaxeb sistemuri codnis<br />
miwodebas.<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ gacnobisas mivmarTeT Semdeg meTods: saxelmZRvaneloSi Setanilia mxolod<br />
sami nawyveti (prologi, epilogi da `locva avTandilisa~), danarCen Tavebs moswavle ecnoba<br />
n. na TaZis saskolo gamocemaSi, Tumca yvela nawilTan dakavSirebiT saxelmZRvaneloSia mocemuli<br />
garkveuli davalebebi da miTiTebebi.<br />
sakiTxavi masalis nawili (40%) SerCeulia Cven mier. vecadeT, rom igi Tematurad da Janrobrivad<br />
dagvekavSirebina savaldebulo teqstebTan. es aris:<br />
1. ana kalandaZe _ `rai ginebs~.<br />
2. SoTa niSnianiZe _ `abo anu ferflis legenda~.<br />
3. dali idliani _ `javaxeTs midis xanZTeli~.<br />
4. daviT winaswarmetyveli _ `fsalmunni~ (50-e fsalmuni).<br />
5. ioane minCxi _ `sagalobeli~.<br />
6. dante aligieri _ `RvTaebrivi komedia~ (nawyveti).<br />
7. ezope _ igavebi; `mze da qarboria~, `patruqi,~ `lomi da taxi~, `bayayebi~, `mtredi~.<br />
8. fransua viioni _ `didi anderZi~ (nawyveti).<br />
9. sulxan-saba orbeliani: `nalbandi mgeli,~ `mefe da mxatvari~, `Zunwi da oqro~.<br />
3
sakiTxavi masalis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqtiuri meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriT, kiTxvis strategiebis dauflebas, meore mxriT ki _ moswavleTa<br />
SemoqmedebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur aparatSi teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakav-<br />
Sirebuli kiTxvebi dalagebulia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT (eqsplicituri _ faqtobriv masalaze<br />
orientirebuli), gaviazroT, SevafasoT (implicituri _ analizze, Sefasebasa da sinTezze<br />
orientirebuli).<br />
literaturul teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSia metyvelebis stilis sakiTxebic, rac gulisxmobs<br />
rogorc mwerlis enobriv TaviseburebebSi garkvevas (es teqstis marTebulad aRqmis erT-erTi<br />
aucilebeli komponentia), aseve saTanado sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis dauflebas. saxelmZRvaneloSi<br />
am mizniTac aris mocemuli davalebebi da garkveuli rekomendaciebi. sagangebo yuradReba eqceva<br />
aseve funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebis gacnobasa da am kuTxiT sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis Ziri-<br />
Tad TaviseburebebSi garkvevas.<br />
wignSi calke rubrikis saxiT vTavazobT moswavleebs amonaridebs cnobili kritikosebis naazrevidan<br />
(`Tvalsazrisi~), rac maT, Cveni azriT, gauadvilebs ama Tu im teqstis gaazrebas, ganuviTarebs<br />
kritikul azrovnebas da daexmareba sakuTari poziciis CamoyalibebaSi.<br />
b) `maswavleblis <strong>wigni</strong>~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. `maswavleblis<br />
wignSi~ warmodgenili masala pirobiTad or nawilad SeiZleba gavyoT:<br />
1. `literaturuli komentarebi~ (avtori nana kucia), romelic warmoadgens damxmare sainformacio<br />
masalas pedagogisaTvis; Cveni azriT, igi mas gamoadgeba literaturuli masalis gaazrebasa<br />
da damuSavebaSi. SevniSnavT, rom es `literaturuli komentarebi~ mxolod maswavleblisaTvis aris<br />
gankuTvnili. pedagogis gadasawyvetia, ra saxiT, ra moculobiT gamoiyenebs mas gakveTilze;<br />
2. `meToduri komentarebi~ (avtori naTela maRlakeliZe), romelic pedagogs daexmareba<br />
gakveTilebis dagegmvasa da saswavlo aqtivobebis gansazRvraSi. aq mocemulia mxolod ramdenime<br />
sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari. scenarebSi CavrTeT is uaxlesi meTodebi, romelTa didi nawili axla<br />
ikidebs fexs da SesaZloa, am kuTxiT saintereso aRmoCndes maswavleblisaTvis. scenarebis bolos<br />
miTiTebuli `mosalodneli Sedegebi~, rac saTanado kodiT aris aRniSnuli. ra Tqma unda, aq warmodgenili<br />
`scenarebi~ mxolod saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. pedagogs SeuZlia Secvalos<br />
Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr meTodi, saaTebisa da saorientacio drois ganawileba, aqtivobebi...<br />
4
1. `SuSanikis wameba~<br />
literaturuli komentarebi<br />
teqstis Sesaxeb<br />
(475-483 ww. Seqmnili teqstis Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi xelnaweri meaTe saukunisaa, daculi<br />
parxlis mravalTavSi (da ara avtografi avtorisa).<br />
teqstis mimarT mecnieruli interesi pirvelad anton kaTalikoss gamouCenia, Seutania hagiografiul<br />
krebulSi `martirika~ (wamebani).<br />
nawarmoebi pirvelad daibeWda peterburgSi, 1882 wels, mixeil sabininis mier Sedgenil krebulSi<br />
`saqarTvelos samoTxe~.<br />
monografiuli gamokvleviTurT teqsti dabeWda ilia abulaZem 1938 wels (8 xelnaweris gaTvaliswinebiT).<br />
1963 wels gamoica teqsti yvela (TerTmeti) xelnaweris gaTvaliswinebiT (`Zveli qarTuli<br />
literaturis Zeglebi~, t. I)).<br />
laTinurad Targmna p. peetersma (1935), rusulad _ korneli kekeliZem (1956), frangulad _ s.<br />
wulaZem, inglisurad _ e. fulerma, germanulad _ n. amaSukelma...<br />
1978 wels qarTvelma sazogadoebriobam farTod aRniSna `SuSanikis wamebis~ 1500 wlisTavi.<br />
iuneskos gadawyvetilebiT, 1979-1983 w.w aRiniSna `SuSanikis wamebis~ 1500 wlisTavi msoflio<br />
masStabiT (qse, t. V, Tb., 1980, gv. 40).<br />
komentarebi:<br />
a) saxeli SuSaniki (susana) niSnavs `SroSans~. wmida SuSaniki TeTri SroSania, tanjva-wamebis<br />
sisxls rom SeuRebavs furclebi~ (arqimandriti rafaeli, xati `saqarTvelos eklesiis dideba~,<br />
Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, #3, 1992 gv. 59).<br />
b) wminda mowameni, uvercxloni kozmani da damiane arabebi (+287 an 303) qalaqebsa da soflebSi<br />
mimodiodnen, saxarebas qadagebdnen da qristes ZaliT sneulebs kurnavdnen. gaweuli samsaxurisTvis<br />
isini aranair sazRaurs ar iTxovdnen. kilikiaSi warmarTebma mkurnalni Seipyres da mmarTvel<br />
lisiusTan miiyvanes. usjulom qristianuli sarwmunoebis uaryofa moiTxova maTgan, razec martvilebma<br />
mtkice uari ganacxades. lisiusis brZanebiT, wmindanebi sastikad gvemes da zRvaSi Cayares,<br />
magram angelozma isini morevidan napirze gamoiyvana. maSin warmarTebma uflis rCeulebs Tavi<br />
mohkveTes. wmida mkurnalebTan erTad ewamnen maTi Zmebic: leonti, anTimozi da evtropi (wmida<br />
kozma da damiane arabebi unda ganvasxvavoT maTi Tanamosaxele wmidanebisagan, romlebic 1 ivliss<br />
da 1 noembers ixseniebian).<br />
g) atroSani (zoroastrizmi, cecxlTayvanismcemloba, mogvoba...)<br />
(qse, t. IV, Tb., 1979, gv. 537-538)<br />
zoroastrizmi _ Zvelad da adreul Sua saukuneebSi iranSi, Sua aziaSi, avRaneTSi, azerbaijansa<br />
da axlo da Sua aRmosavleTis mraval qveyanaSi gavrcelebuli religia. amJamad indoeTSi farsebis<br />
religiaa, iranSi _ gebrebisa. saxeli ewoda winaswarmetyvel zoroastris (zaraTuStra, zaratustra)<br />
mixedviT. zoroastrizmis wminda kanonia avesta. am religiis mixedviT, uzenaesi RvTa ebaa<br />
ahuramazda, ris gamo zoroastrizms mazdeanobasac uwodeben. zoroastrizmi dualisturi religiaa,<br />
erTmaneTs upirispirebs or sawyiss _ sikeTesa da borotebas, romelTa mudmivi Widili gamarjvebisaTvis<br />
msoflio ganviTarebis procesis Sinaarss gansazRvravs.<br />
ahuramazdas _ sikeTisa da sinaTlis meufes _ upirispirdeba ahrimani _ borotebisa da wyvdiadis<br />
meufe, masTan erTad arian boroti sulebi _ devebic (romelTa kultic dakavSirebuli iyo<br />
Zv. ariuli religiis qurumobasTan da gvarovnul-tomobriv warCinebul fenasTan). zoroastrizmis<br />
wminda gamovlinebaa cecxli _ gansaxiereba RvTaebrivi samarTlianobisa.<br />
zoroastrizmis Tanaxmad, adamianis daniSnulebaa, arCevani gaakeTos zemoaRniSnul or sawyiss<br />
Soris. TiToeul individuums SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos borotebis daTrgunvasa da sikeTis<br />
meufebis damyarebaSi. am miznis misaRwevad adamianisaTvis savaldebulo ar aris locvebisa da religiuri<br />
wesebis dacva, sakmarisia, cxovrobdes ise, rogorc amas zoroastruli religia awesebs.<br />
borotebis daZlevis ZiriTadi saSualebebia _ `keTili azri~, `keTili sityva~, `keTili saqme~. zoroastrizmisaTvis<br />
ucxo iyo asketizmi.<br />
zoroastrizmi, rogorc saxelmwifo religia, sabolood Camoyalibda sasanianebis dros. arab-<br />
Ta dapyrobebis Semdeg erTxans kidev TamaSobda mniSvnelovan rols iransa da mezobel qveynebSi.<br />
am dros Seiqmna zoroastruli literaturis mravali Zegli saSual sparsul enaze, vrceli encik-<br />
5
lopedia _ denkarti (IXs.). islamis gavrcelebasTan erTad zoroastrizmis mimdevarTa erTi nawili<br />
(farsebi) indoeTSi gadasaxlda (frai r., iranis memkvidreoba, m., 1972 (rus. enaze)).<br />
zoroastrizmis da zoroastruli kultebis istoria saqarTveloSi 3 periodad SeiZleba daiyos:<br />
1. aqemeniduri xanidan sasanianTa gamefebamde (Zv. w. VI-ax. w. III s.s.), rodesac zoroastrizmi<br />
saqarTveloSi vrceldeboda upiratesad iranTan mSvidobiani urTierTobis gziT. am uZvelesi<br />
periodis iranul-zoroastruli mZlavri gavlenis kvali dRemde SemorCa qarTul enaSi (taZari,<br />
kerpi, zvaraki, eSma, jojoxeTi, marTali, warmarTi, bagini, droSa, anderZi, dasturi da sxv.).<br />
zoroastrizmi gansakuTrebiT fexmokidebuli Cans qarTlis samefos mmarTvel zedafenaSi, risi<br />
maCvenebelicaa maT Soris gavrcelebuli iranul-zoroastruli Teosofiuri saxelebi (farnavazi,<br />
farnajomi, artavazi, arSaki, bagrati, bakuri, bartomi, mirdati, adarnase, azorki da sxv.). erTxans,<br />
rodesac `qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobiT, qarTlis samefo taxtze arSakianebis dinastiis erTerTi<br />
Sto damkvidrda, zoroastrizmis romeliRac saxeoba, SesaZlebelia, samefo kultis donemdec<br />
ki amaRlda. amis sabuTi unda iyos dedoflis mindorze (qarelis r-ni) aRmoCenili Zv. w. II-I ss.<br />
sataZro kompleqsi, r-ic ueWvelad ukavSirdeba cecxlTayvaniscemas.<br />
zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom Zv. qarTuli warmarTuli panTeonis umaRlesi RvTaebis,<br />
armazis saxelic aqemenduri xanis ahuramazdas ukavSirdeba.<br />
2. sasanianTa dinastiis mefobis xanaSi (III_VII s.s.), irani ZaliT cdilobda aRm. saqarTveloSi<br />
iranis saxelmwifo religiis damkvidrebas. am dros zoroastrizmi saqarTveloSi qristianobis<br />
uZlieresi konkurenti iyo. qarTveloba cvalebadi warmatebiT, magram ganuwyvetliv ibrZoda zoroastrizmis<br />
danergvis winaaRmdeg. am brZolis kvali kargad Cans imdroindel qarTul wyaroebSi<br />
(SuSanikis da evstaTi mcxeTelis `martvilobebi~; leonti mrovelis, juanSeris cnobebi da sxv.).<br />
brZolis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da zogan sofladac arsebobda zoroastrizmis mimdevari<br />
mosaxleoba. mematianis cnobiT, jer kidev vaxtang gorgaslis dros niqozSi iyo `sagzebeli<br />
cecxlisa~ (cecxlis taZari).<br />
3. sasanianTa imperiis dacemis Semdgomi xana, roca zoroastrizmi TviT iranSic devnil religiad<br />
iqca. VIII_IX s.s.-Si saqarTveloSi xdeba zoroastruli kultebis erTgvari gamococxleba,<br />
rac SeimCneva nivTieri kulturis ZeglebSi (gveldesis sakurTxeveli, broweulis yvavilis Taviani<br />
sakinZebi da sxv.). es movlena SeiZleba aixsnas, rogorc reaqcia arabTa mZlavrobaze da Sedegi<br />
iranidan ltolvil cecxlTayvanismcemelTa Semoxizvnisa saqarTveloSi. TbilisSi zoroastrizmis<br />
mimdevarTa, albaT, sparsulenovani Temi, rogorc Cans, saxlobda mTeli Sua saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
amis ueWveli sabuTia TbilisSi, feTxainze dRemde SemorCenili cecxlis taZris _ `aTeSgas~<br />
(ix. aTaSgahi) naSTebi (andronikaSvili m., narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobidan,<br />
I, Tb., 1966).<br />
`SuSanikis wamebis~ personaJebi<br />
`tarigi igi qristeisi~ _ SuSaniki<br />
SuSanik dedofali, moRvawe mexuTe saukunisa, qarTuli eklesiis wmindani, iyo asuli `vardanisi,<br />
somexTa spaipetisai, mamisagan saxeliT vardan da siyvaruliT saxeli misi SuSanik, moSiSi<br />
RmrTisai... siyrmiTgan TvisiT.~<br />
dedofali qmris `ukeTurebas~ `maradis~ grZnobda, ufals evedreboda varsqenis sulier xsnas.<br />
sparseTidan dabrunebuli meuRlis despans, romelmac varsqenis mokiTxva gadasca, SuSanikma<br />
winaswarmetyveliviT uTxra: `ukeTu suliTa cxovel ars igi, cocxalmca xarT igica da Senca.<br />
ukeTu suliTa momkvdar xarT, mokiTxvai igi Seni Sendave moiqecin.~<br />
rodesac qmris mier WeSmariti RmrTis uaryofa Seityo, damwuxrebulma dedofalma miwas axala<br />
Tavi, `cremliTa mwariTa ityoda: sawyalobel iqmna ubadruki varsqen, rameTu uvar-yo WeSmariti<br />
RmerTi da aRiara atroSani da SeerTo igi uRmrToTa.~<br />
`uRmrToTa SerTvas~ rom gadarCenoda, dedofalma datova `taZari~ (sasaxle), eklesias Seexizna<br />
sami ZiTa da asuliTurT; sakurTxevelTan waradgina Svilebi da ufals Seevedra: `Senni mocemulni<br />
arian da Sen daicven eseni, ganaTlebulni wmidisagan embazisa.~<br />
mwuxris locviT ganZlierebuli dedofali eklesiis maxlobel saxlakSi ganmartovda, `mieyrdna<br />
yuresa erTsa da mwariTa cremliTa tiroda.~<br />
manugeSeblad SuSaniks sasaxleSi saswrafod dabrunebuli sulieri moZRvari, iakobi moevlina.<br />
maTs saubarSi naTlad warmoCndeba, rom dedofali mzadaa, aRiRos Tavisi jvari, iyos mxne, moTmine,<br />
sulgrZeli.<br />
xucesi daarwmuna sulierma Svilma: `didsa Rvawlsa ganmzadebul var,~ magram erTgvar sayvedurad<br />
(Tu Civilad) gaiJRera sityvebma: `Cemda martoisa arian Wirni ese.~<br />
dedofalma icoda, rom oden sarwmunoebis dacva Tu ganaZlierebda, SeanarCunebinebda simSvides<br />
da sulierad ixsnida. daarwmuna moZRvari, rom arafriT eziareboda varsqenis codvian<br />
6
saqmeT: `umjobeis ars Cemda xelTa misTagan sikvdili, vidre Cemi da misi Sekrebai da warwymedai<br />
sulisa Cemisai.~<br />
sacTuneblad, gadasabireblad misul sparss ganzraxvas miuxvda dedofali da `moizRuda Tavi<br />
misi mtkiced.~<br />
ganawyenebul qmars, romelmac `xatis damamxoblad~ uxmo SuSaniks, dedofalma SeuTvala: `vi-<br />
Tarca Sen Semoqmedi Seni uvar hyav, egreca me Sen Seuracx gyav da, Tu mravali tanjvai moawio Cem<br />
zeda, me ara veziaro saqmeTa SenTa.~<br />
qmrisa da mamamTilis SuSanikiseul daxasiaTebaSi naTlad warmoCndeba, rom `dedaTa bunebai<br />
iwro~ sulac ar aris, rogorc es `vinme sparss~ egona.<br />
`TreviT miTrevis~ muqaramac ver SeaZrwuna dedofali. senakSi wveuli mazli da rZali varsqenis<br />
Tanamzraxvelebad aRiqva, episkopossac usayvedura, RvTismgmobis morCilebas rad mirCevo.<br />
erTad gatarebuli bavSvoba moagona mazlma.<br />
Tumc `dai var da erTad ganzrdilni~, amieridan Cven Soris `mosisxleobaa~ da Tqven, yvelani,<br />
`Tanamdeb~ (varsqenis codvis moziareni) xarTo, miugo SuSanikma.<br />
TxovniT Seurvebulma dedofalma `Tanawaritana evangele Tvisi... wmidani igi wignni mowameTani~<br />
da sasaxleSi (`taZarSi~) dabrunda. galiakSi (did darbazSi) ki ara, mcire senakSi ganmartovda,<br />
xelapyrobilma SehRaRada ufals: `arca mRdelTagani vin ipova mowyale, arca erisa kaci<br />
vin gamoCnda... yovelTa me sikvdild mimiTvales mtersa RmrTisasa varsqens.~<br />
purisWamisas dedofalma, romelsac mravalni `dReni uzmasa gardaevlnes, ...gemoY araraisai<br />
ixila.~ rZals, romelmac Rvino miaZala, risxviT uTxra: `odes yofil ars aqamomde, Tumca mamaTa<br />
da dedaTa erTad eWama puri?!~<br />
Wiqas xeli aukra, saxeSi Sealewa rZals. `Rvinoi daiTxia.~<br />
ganrisxebulma varsqenma iwyo `ujero~ gineba, fexiT Sesdga dedofals, astami Caartya, Tvali<br />
`daubuSta~, mjiRiT scemda, `TmiTa mimoiTrevda, viTarca mxeci mZvinvareY yioda da izaxda, vi-<br />
Tarca cofi.~ `viTarca kravi mgelsa,~ Zlivs gamostaca jojikma Zmas rZali.<br />
`viTarca mkudari idva SuSanik qveyanasa zeda.~ varsqeni uginebda `Tesl-toms~ da `saxlis<br />
maoxreblad~ uxmobda, borkilebi daadebina cocxal-mkvdrisaTvis, senakSi gadaayvanina, mcveli<br />
miuCina, raTa vervis exila nagvemi.<br />
rodesac, gamTeniisas, dedoflis mdgomareoba ikiTxa, moaxsena mcvelma, `ver gansarinebel<br />
arso.~ meuRlis `didZalma simsivnem~ gaakvirva pitiaxSi, brZana, nuravis SeuSvebdnen SuSanikTan<br />
`da TviT nadirobad warvida.~<br />
sulier SvilTan idumal misulma iakobma ixila `xati misi dabZaruli da gansivebuli~. dedofalma<br />
daamSvida moZRvari: `nu stir CemTvis, rameTu dasabam sixarulisa iqmna Cemda Ramei ese...<br />
sisxli ese ganmwmedeli ars codvaTa CemTa.~<br />
`ybaSemusrvilma~, kbilebCamsxvreulma SuSanikma RvinoSi dambali puris `gemoi ixila~ _ `Rvawlsa<br />
Sesuli~ mowame aziara xucesma.<br />
samkaulnic warugzavna dedofalma ubadruk meuRles, romelmac Zvirfaseulobis<br />
`aRxilvac~(gadaTvla) ikadra. `amas cxorebasa arRarad mexmarebiso~, uTxra iakobs SuSanikma.<br />
didmarxvisas eklesiis maxlobel senakSi ganmartovda dedofali, mcire `sarkumelic~ ki `dayo~.<br />
`iyo igi bnelsa mas Sina marxviT da locviT da tiriliT.~<br />
honebTan brZolidan dabrunebulma varsqenma, romlis `gulsac eSmaki Txrida~, eklesiidan<br />
saxlamdis ekalze mkvdariviT aTria dedofali. `adgild-adgild qve ZeZvi daefina~. dedoflis<br />
`kubastni~ (leCaq-samosi) da `xorcni wulil-wulilad (wvril-wvrilad) daebZarnes ZeZvsa mas.~<br />
sasaxlesTan miTreuls, dascinoda SuSaniks varsqeni: `ara gergo Sen eklesiai Seni da arca<br />
zurgni ege Senni qristianeni da ufali igi maTi.~<br />
samasjer hkres kverTxi, vaeba da kvnesa ver daacdenines. esRa uTxra `urCulosa~ varsqens:<br />
`ubadoo, Sen-Ra Tavi Tvisi ara Seiwyale da gansdeg RmrTisagan, Sen memca Semiwyalea?!~<br />
dedoflis `CCvilTa xorcTa~ dadenili `didZali sisxli~ rom ixila, brZana pitiaxSma, jaWvi<br />
daedoT qedze SuSanikisTvis.<br />
Tavad amxedrebuls, varsqens `mohyvanda wmidai SuSanik uxamuri da Tmagardatevebuli, vi-<br />
Tarca erTi vinme SeuracxTagani.~<br />
wmindani amSvidebda TanamgrZnobelT: `nu stirT, Zmano Cemno da dano Cemno da Svilno Cemno,<br />
aramed locvasa momixseneT,... rameTu arRara mixiloT cocxali gamosruli cixiT.~<br />
satusaRos bnel senakSi Cagdebuli wmindanis qedze dadebuli jaWvi `urCulom~ Tavisi beWdiT<br />
dabeWda, `ganisveneo~, dascina cols.<br />
mesame kviriakesRa moikiTxa da, roca uTxres, momakvdaviao, arad Caagdo, `daamSvida~ mcveli:<br />
`nurarai gglian, ute, mokudes.~<br />
nawamebi dedofali, romlis satusaRoSi xilvac `WurWeris~ (qrTamis) aRTqmiT moaxerxa xucesma,<br />
iakobma aRiqva, rogorc `tarigi qristeisi, viTarca sZali, Semkuli sakrvelTa maTgan.~<br />
qedze dadebuli jaWvi jojikis TxovniT axsnes dedofals, borkilTa axsna Tavad ar ineba.<br />
SuSanikma `eqvsi weli cixesa Sina aRasrula da wesierebiTa saRmrToiTa hyvaoda: marxviTa,<br />
7
maradis mRviZarebiTa, zedgomiTa, TayvaniscemiTa uwyinod da kiTxviTa wignTaiTa mouwyineblad.<br />
ganabrwyina da ganaSvena yoveli igi cixe sulieriTa miT qnariTa.<br />
ganiTqva yovelsa qarTlsa saqmei misi.~<br />
wmindanis locva SeeweodaT dedofalTan TxovniT misulT _ uSviloT Svili eZleodaT, sneulT<br />
_ kurneba, brmaT _ mxedveloba.<br />
rwmeniT ganamrTela SuSanikma sneuli mogvi dedakaci.<br />
dedofalma `nacvalad WiWnauxtisa saqmisa didiTa gulsmodginebiTa xelTa aRixvna daviTni<br />
da mciredTa dReTa Semdgomad asergasisni igi fsalmunni daiswavlna... galobasa Seswirvida cremliT~.<br />
SvilTa gamazdeanebam SeaZrwuna, Tavsa `qve damarT scemda~, Semdeg madli Seswira ufals:<br />
`gmadlob Sen, ufalo RmerTo Cemo, rameTu iyvnesve ara Cemni, aramed Senni mocemulni iyvnes...<br />
iyavn nebai Seni, ufalo, da me damicev saqmeTagan mterisaTa.~<br />
rjulSecvlil SvilTa `saxelica sZagda smenad.~<br />
erTxel kidev scada pitiaxSma dedoflis gadabireba, sasaxleSi dabruneba ubrZana, Tu ara,<br />
Cords an karad wargcem karauliTo, daemuqra.<br />
ubedurebas ganveridebi da keTils Seveyrebio, miugo SuSanikma. vinme mTavars ar ecoloso,<br />
Sefiqrianda varsqeni da metad aRar SeuTvlia msgavsi ram.<br />
Semdeg ZuZumte miugzavna, Sin dabrunebas ubrZanebda. ukve mkvdari varo, auwya SuSanikma mociquls,<br />
da, Tu varsqens micvalebulTa aRdgineba xelewifeba, jer urds dakrZaluli deda aRadginoso.<br />
rodesac dedoflis sityvebi gadasces, varsqens moagonda Tavisi muqara (`oTxTa gamogiRon~).<br />
dedofali uflis saxeliT amxilebda urjulos. `(RmerTman) ganumzadnis sityvani pirsa kacisasa,<br />
rameTu ityvis TviT ufali: me miugo sityuai Tquen wil.~<br />
sapyrobileSi yofnis meeqvse weliwads dasneulebul dedofals amaod emudareboda moZRvari,<br />
metismetad nu daTrgunav xorcs `ficxlad marxviTa, maradis zedgomiTa,~ veRar gauZlebo, magram<br />
SuSanikma `ara sca xorcTa misTa gansvenebai... dadna, viTarca avli.~<br />
eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi, didmarxvisas, ormocdaaT dRes arc dajdeboda, arc eZina, arc sazrdels<br />
iRebda, mxolod kviriakes eziareboda qristes xorcsa da sisxls _ mcireoden pursa da<br />
Rvinos, da mxlis wvens Tu igemebda aRdgomamdis.<br />
sasTumlad alizi edo, kacTa TvalTaTvis xaleniT dafaruli. qveSagebad girjaki (ZonZebi)<br />
hqonda, muxlmosayrelad da salocavad _ kiliki. exveoda `grwyili da tili mougonebeli.~<br />
eqvs weliwads sapyrobileSi adidebda RmerTs dedofali. meSvide weliwads dasneulebuls<br />
`dausivdes ferxni... Txramli aRmosdioda~ da matli exveoda wylulebze.<br />
atirebuli moZRvari daamSvida SuSanikma: `muni igi matli udideis ars da ara mokvdebis... vidre<br />
ukvdavTa maT matlTa SeWmasa umjobes iyavn amaT mokudavTa SeWmai aqave, amas cxorebasa.~<br />
uTxra moZRvarma, ZaZas ar kmarob sagvemad, matlTa gamo mxiarul xaro. sTxova dedofalma,<br />
nurvis etyoda xucesi, rom SuSaniks `Sinagan ZaZai emosa, ... xolo garegan, kacTa Tvalsa, antioqiisa<br />
palekarti.~<br />
momakvdav dedofals Sendoba sTxova jojikis ojaxma, `viTarca kacTa sawuTroisaTa da soflismoyvareTa.~<br />
dedoflis sityva, jojikisa da misi meuRlisaTvis Tqmuli, rwmeniTa da tkiviliTaa savse:<br />
`yovelTa warsavalsa mas gzasa meca warval... ganvisajneT me da varsqen pitiaxSi mun, sada igi ara<br />
ars TvalRebai winaSe msajulisa mis msajulTaisa da meufisa mis meufeTaisa, sada ara ars rCevai<br />
mamakacisai da dedakacisai, sada me da man swori sityvai vTqvaT winaSe uflisa Cvenisa iesu qristeisa.<br />
miagos mas ufalman, viTar man uJamod nayofni Cemni moisTvlna da sanTeli Cemi daSrita da<br />
yvavili Cemi daaWno, Svenierebai sikeTisa CemisaY daabnela da didebai Cemi daamdabla da RmerTman<br />
sajos mis Soris da Cem Soris... wyalobasa moveli iesu qristeis mier uflisa Cemisa.~<br />
fsalmunis sityvebiT damoZRvra Sendobis saTxovnelad misulni dedofalma: `ese yoveli cxorebai,<br />
viTarca yvavili velTai, warmaval ars da daudgromel, da vin sTesa _ moimko, da vin ganabnia<br />
glaxakisaTvis _ Seikriba. da romelman wariwymidos Tavi Tvisi, man poos igi, romelman adida igi.~<br />
uflis gziT svlas urCevda dedofali wveulT.<br />
stumrobdnen sapyrobileSi ganmamtkicebelni da manugeSebelni: Tavi igi episkoposTai samoeli,<br />
iovane episkoposi, aznaurni did-didni da zepurni dedani, aznaurni da uaznoni soflisa<br />
qarTlisani.~<br />
borkilis nawilT iTxovdnen `sacod da nakurTxevad~.<br />
Tavmdablad ambobda dedofali, `rai var, araRirsi eseo,~ Tumc uwyoda, rom, miwier satanjvelTa<br />
sanacvlod, caTa Sina miegeboda maradisi pativi.<br />
gardacvalebis dRes Tavisi sulieri moZRvari, iakobi, afoc episkoposs Seavedra da iTxova, iq<br />
daekrZalaT, saidanac `pirvelad gamoiTries.~<br />
Tavi `venaxis meaTerTmete moqmedad~ moixsenia wmindanma, mSvidad warmoTqva: `kurTxeul ars<br />
ufali RmerTi Cemi, rameTu mSvidobiT mas zeda davwev da daviZine.~<br />
8
(Sdr. asmeore fsalmuni: `kaci _ viTarca Tivai arian dReni misni, viTarca yuavili velisai<br />
egre aRyuavdes~ (fsalmunni, Tb., 2001, gv. 144)).<br />
mRvdlebma miwovani matlisa da Txramlisagan ganbanes `gvami damaSvrali da daWmuli matlTa~.<br />
wmida `sudarSi~ Seagragnina iovane episkoposma cxedari.<br />
afoc da iovane episkoposebma, `dauRlvili~ xarebiviT, fsalmunTa galobiT, anTebuli kerovnebiT,<br />
sakmevlis kmeviT gamoasvenes wmindanis cxedari da dakrZales `ganmzadebulsa mas adgilsa.~<br />
Rame ganaTies, fsalmunebs angelosebiviT galobdnen, adidebdnen qristes, romelic gana-<br />
Zlierebs erTgulT.<br />
wameba SuSanikisa daiwyo rva ianvars, oTxSabaTs;<br />
meored gvemes aRvsebis zatiks (aRdgomis uqmes), orSabaTs;<br />
mesamed _ vardobisTvis (maisis) cxramets.<br />
aResrula dedofali Cvidmet `okdonbersa~, wminda mowameebis _ kozmanisa da damianes moxseniebis<br />
dRes, xuTSabaTs. dawesda dRe SuSanikis mosaxseneblad, `sadideblad da saqeblad RmrTisa,<br />
mamisa da Zisa da sulisa wmidisa.~(`qarTvel wmindanTa cxovrebaSi~ (Tb., 2000, gv. 237) miTiTebulia,<br />
rom SuSanik dedoflis xsenebis dRea 28 agvisto (10 seqtemberi)).<br />
dedofali teqstSi iwodeba RmrTis tarigad (iakobi hyveba: `vixile tarigi igi qristeisi Svenierad,<br />
viTarca sZali, Semkuli sakrvelTa maTgan~), varsqeni _ RmrTis mtrad (SuSaniki wuxs: `arca<br />
mR(v)delTagani vin ipova mowyale, arca erisa kaci vin gamoCnda Soris ersa amasa, aramed yovelTa<br />
me sikvdild mimiTvales mtersa RmrTisasa varsqens~).<br />
`RmrTisa mteri~ _ varsqeni<br />
varsqeni `SuSanikis wamebis~ personaJia. swored masTan mimarTebiT iyenebs avtori _ iakob<br />
xucesi _ usazarles epiTets _ `RmrTis mteri~ (Sefaseba SuSanikiseulia).<br />
`RmrTis mtrad~ varsqeni erTbaSad ar qceula. `pirvel (Tavidan) igica iyo qristiane, naSobi<br />
mamisa da dedisa qristianeTai.~<br />
`araTu pativisa moRebisaTvis~ (maS, risTvis?!) eaxla pitiaxSi, Zei arSuSaisi, sparsTa xelmwifes,<br />
uaryo WeSmariti RmerTi, Tayvani sca cecxls. cols iTxovda mefisagan da aRuTqvamda, rom<br />
`bunebiT~ meuRlesa da Svilebsac iranelTa sjulze moaqcevda (aRTqmas SuSanikTan SeuTanxmeblad<br />
debda varsqeni).<br />
qmris `ukeTurebas~ SuSaniki `maradis~ grZnobda, ufals evedreboda, exsna ugunuri, ganwiruli,<br />
ubadruki, samgzis sawyalobeli. varsqenis beds vin ar wuxda, vin ar dastiroda mas, `romelsa<br />
arca Wiri exilva, arca SiSi, arca maxvili, arca pyrobilebai qristeisTvis~, magram mainc ganSoreboda<br />
ufals (Sdr. ioane oqropirTan: `ara erT ars Tvinier Wirisa raisme da gansacdelisa gancemai<br />
sityvisai mis, da kvalad iwroebisa da Wirisa gansacdelTaisa ver Tavs-debai~ (ioane oqropiri,<br />
Targmanebai maTes saxarebisai, w. 2, Tb., 1996, 327)).<br />
gaxarebulma sparsT xelmwifem `brZana colad misa asuli mefisai.~<br />
sparseTidan wamosuli varsqeni `sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa, qveyanasa hereTisasa~ rom mouaxlovda,<br />
ganizraxa, Sikriki warmoegzavna, raTa aznaurni, Zeni da msaxurni daxvedrodnen _ `viTarca<br />
erTguli soflad Sevides.~<br />
SuSanikma igrZno, rom varsqeni `sulierad momkudar iyo~, magram, rodesac `damtkicebulad~<br />
uTxra despanma, `davarda igi qveyanasa zeda da Tavsa damarT scemda da cremliTa mwariTa ityoda:<br />
sawyalobel iqmna ubadruki varsqen, rameTu uvar-yo WeSmariti RmerTi da aRiara atroSani da<br />
SeerTo igi uRmrToTa.~<br />
sami dRis Semdeg sasaxleSi mosul varsqens `vinme sparsma~ auwya dedoflis eklesiis maxlobel<br />
senakSi gadasvla. pitiaxSma RvTismsaxurT uxmo, sixaruliT miegeba da uTxra: `aw nuras meridebiT<br />
me da nucaRa gZag~(varsqeni grZnobs, rom `aw~ _ rjulSecvlili, gadagvarebuli _ saZulvelia,<br />
magram ixtibars ar itexs). (es despanis warmogzavnis erTgvari gagrZelebaa _ Sikrikic xom imitom<br />
warmogzavna, `viTarca erTguli soflad Sevides~ _ erTgulebis mtkiceba imas sWirdeba, vinc erTguli<br />
aRar aris...).<br />
RvTisa da eris moRalate mourideblad amxiles RvTismsaxurebma: `warswymide Tavi Seni da<br />
Cuenca wargvwymiden~. maTac iseve ebralebodaT gzasacdenili, rogorc SuSaniks, romelmac `sawyalobeli~<br />
uwoda ubadruk qmars.<br />
RvTismsaxurTa mxilebas wauyrua varsqenma, Sedaveba arCia, ubrZana moZRvarT, SuSanikisaTvis<br />
gadaecaT qmris sityvebi: `Sen xati Cemi daamxu, da sagebelsa Cemsa nacari gardaasx da Seni adgili<br />
dagitevebies da sxuad warsrul xar.~<br />
dedoflis SemonaTvali srulyofilad warmoaCens varsqenis pirovnebas. qmrisa da mamamTilis<br />
Sedarebisas SuSaniki gamokveTs pitiaxSis yofis tragizms: `ara Tu memca aRmemarTa xati igi? da<br />
memca davamxu!... mamaman Senman aRhmarTna samartvileni da eklesiani aRaSenna da Sen mamisa Senisa<br />
9
saqmeni ganhryvnen da sxuad gardaaqcien keTilni misni. mamaman Senman wmidani Semoixvna saxid Tvisa,<br />
xolo Sen devni Semoixven. man RmerTi caTai da qveyanisai aRiara da hrwmena, xolo Sen RmerTi WeSmariti<br />
uvar hyav da cecxlsa Tayvanis ec da, viTarca Sen Semoqmedi Seni uvar hyav, egreca me Sen<br />
Seuracx gyav. da Tu mravali tanjvai moawio Cem zeda, me ara veziaro saqmeTa SenTa.~<br />
SuSanikis sityvebidan Cans, rom dedofali ganasxvavebs mamamTilis _ arSuSas gamazdeanebas<br />
varsqenis gamazdeanebisagan. pirvelma daTmobiT qarTli mowyvedisagan ixsna, meore ki arvis ui-<br />
Zulebia _ `arca Wiri exilva, arca SiSi, arca maxvili, arca pyrobilebaY qristeisTvis~).<br />
ganrisxebulma pitiaxSma Zma da rZali miugzavna ganmartoebul dedofals da, sasaxleSi ardabrunebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, `TreviT miTreviT~ daemuqra.<br />
curtaveli naTlad warmogviCens pitiaxSis pirovnul rRvevas: Tuki Tavidan varsqeni cdilobs,<br />
`viTarca erTguli soflad Sevides,~ daTafluli esaubros RvTismsaxurT, nu SemiZulebTo,<br />
Seemudaros, TandaTan, rjulSecvlils, nebisyofaca da simSvidec Ralatobs, mrisxanebs, ujero<br />
sityvebiT emuqreba cols (`TreviTa mogiTrio~).<br />
muqaris gamo rodi brundeba `taZrad~ dedofali, romelmac `Tanawaritanna evangele Tvisi da<br />
wmidani igi wignni mowameTani.~<br />
purisWamisas warmoaCens varsqeni Tavis mglur bunebas. ganrisxebul dedofals, romelic Rvinian<br />
Wiqas Seamsxvrevs saxeSi rZals, sastikad gauswordeba _ ujerod agina, fexiT Sesdga, astami<br />
Caartya TavSi, Tvali `daubuSta,~ mjiRiT scemda, `TmiTa mimoiTrevda, viTarca mxeci mZvinvarei<br />
yioda da izaxda, viTarca cofi.~<br />
TiTqos winaswar gznebda dedofali mosaxdens, mcire senakSi ganmartoebuli rom loculobda<br />
purisWamamdis oriod dRiT adre da tkiviliT wamoscda: `ufalo RmerTo, arca mR(v)delTagani vin<br />
ipova mowyale, arca erisa kaci vin gamoCnda Soris ersa amasa, aramed yovelTa me sikvdild mimiTvales<br />
mtersa RmrTisasa varsqens.~<br />
`viTarca kravi mgelsa~, Zlivs gamostaca varsqens SuSaniki jojikma, Tavadac igvema.<br />
`viTarca mkudari idva wmidai SuSanik qveyanasa zeda~. varsqeni uginebda `Tesl-toms~ da `saxlis<br />
maoxreblad~ uxmobda.<br />
mxolod gamTeniisas moikiTxa borkildadebuli dedofali, `wylulebisa misgan viTar arso~.<br />
miuges, `ver gansarinebelo.~ SuSanikis `didZalma simsivnem~ ganacvifra pitiaxSi, brZana, nuravis<br />
SeuSvebdnen qalTan da `TviT nadirobad warvida~.<br />
curtavelis fraza uaRresad tevadia da lakonuri. mwerali mkiTxvels miandobs, Tavad<br />
gadawyvitos, ra aris es `nadirobad~ wasvla _ sruli gulgriloba da cinizmi, Tu sakuTari Tavisagan<br />
gaqcevis mcdeloba, codvis gacnobiereba?!<br />
`nadirobidan~ dabrunebuli pitiaxSi xucess daavalebs, SuSaniks samkaulebi gamoarTvas. gansakuTrebiT<br />
sazaria varsqenis saqcieli, rodesac igi Zvirfaseulobas `aRixilavs,~ povebs yovels<br />
`gebulad~ da ityvis: `mermeca ipoos vinme, romelman ese Seimkos.~<br />
aRvsebis orSabaTs honebTan brZolidan dabrunebuli pitiaxSis guls `eSmaki Txrida~. eklesiaSi<br />
misulma afocs ubrZana, `gamomec coli Cemi, rad ganmaSorebo.~<br />
erTma mRvdelTaganma usayvedura episkoposTan kadnieri saubrisa da dedofalze mrisxanebisaTvis,<br />
magram pitiaxSma `uxeTqna kverTxiTa... zurgsa.~ veraferi hkadra RvTismsaxurma.<br />
eklesiidan saxlamdis ekalze mkvdariviT aTria varsqenma SuSaniki.<br />
`adgild-adgild qve ZeZvi daefina~. dedoflis `kubastni~ da `xorcni wvlil-wvlilad daebZarnes<br />
ZeZvsa mas~.<br />
varsqenis sulieri sibrmave gansakuTrebuli simZafriT warmoCndeba SuSanikisaTvis Tqmul sityvebSi:<br />
`ara gergo Sen eklesiaY Seni da arca zurgni ege Senni qristianeni da ufali igi maTi~.<br />
pitiaxSis brZanebiT, samasjer dahkres dedofals kverTxi, kvnesa ver daacdenines. esRa uTxra<br />
`urCulosa~ meuRles: `ubadoo, Sen-Ra Tavi Tvisi ara Seiwyale da gansdeg RmrTisagan, Sen memca<br />
Semiwyalea?!~<br />
verc dedoflis `CCvilTa xorcTa~ dadenilma `didZalma~ sisxlma moalbo varsqeni, brZana,<br />
qedze jaWvi daedoT SuSanikisaTvis.<br />
dedoflis gamxnevebis mosurne erT mRvdelTagans varsqenis danaxvisas sityva pirze SeaSra<br />
(`mtkiced deg~-is nacvlad, oden `mtki~... warmoTqva), sirbiliT gaecala pitiaxSs.<br />
Tavad amxedrebuls, varsqens `mohyvanda wmidai SuSanik uxamuri da Tmagardatevebuli, vi-<br />
Tarca erTi vinme SeuracxTagani~. vervin gabeda Tavsaburavis<br />
miwodeba, radgan pitiaxSi iqve mimodioda `mxedr~ da uSverad igineboda.<br />
amxedrebulmave dafanta SuSanikis nugeSismcemelni.<br />
cixis xids rom miuaxlovdnen, varsqenma dascina dedofals, aqedan veRar gamoxval, `oTxTa<br />
gamogiRono.~<br />
SuSaniki varsqenma CrdiloeTis mxares mdebare bnel senakSi Seagdebina da dedoflis qedze<br />
dadebuli jaWvi sakuTari beWdiT `dahbeWda~ `urCulom.~<br />
uTxra SuSanikma: `mxiarul var, raiTa aqa vitanjo da mun ganvisveno~.<br />
`he, he, ganisueneo~, dascina meuRlem. mcvelT ubrZana, siymiliT (SimSiliT) moeklaT qali. Tu<br />
10
vinme brZanebas gardavidoda, Sedegze varsqeni aRar agebda pasuxs (`ubralo var~).<br />
mesame kviriakes moikiTxa `sawyalobeli~. roca auwyes, gadarCenaze metad, sikvdilia sagonebelio,<br />
`daamSvida~ mcveli: `nurarai gglian, ute, mokudes~.<br />
Cords mimaval varsqens SuSanikisTvis qedze dadebuli borkilis axsnis ufleba gamosTxova<br />
jojikma.<br />
dedofals udidesi tkivili miayena gagebam imisa, rom varsqenma mogvobaze moaqcia (gaamazdeana)<br />
Svilebic.<br />
rjulgamocvlil SvilTa `saxelica sZagda smenad~ SuSaniks.<br />
satusaRoSi myofs, Cords an karad karauliT (saxedriT) wargzavniT daemuqra varsqen pitiaxSi<br />
SuSaniks, magram, rodesac dedofalma SemouTvala, am ubedurebas, iqneb, ganverido da keTils<br />
Seveyaroo, Sefiqrianda, vinme mTavars ar ecoloso. metad aRar SeuTvlia msgavsi ram.<br />
Semdeg ZuZumte miugzavna, Sin dabrunebas ubrZanebda. ukve mkvdari varo, auwya dedofalma mociquls<br />
da, Tu varsqens micvalebulTa aRdgineba xelewifeba, jer urds dakrZaluli deda aRadginos,<br />
mxolod TreviT Tu ganmiTrevso.<br />
roca dedoflis sityvebi auwyes, varsqens moagonda Tavisi muqara (`oTxTa gamogiRon~).<br />
amis Semdeg varsqeni nawarmoebSi aRar Cans, mxolod momakvdavi dedofali moixseniebs, imqveyniuri<br />
samsjavros moimede: `ganvisajneT me da varsqen pitiaxSi mun, sada igi ara ars TvalRebai<br />
winaSe msajulisa mis msajulTaisa da meufisa mis meufeTaisa, sada ara ars rCevai mamakacisa da<br />
dedakacisai, sada me da man swori sityvai vTqvaT winaSe uflisa Cvenisa iesu qristeisa. miagos<br />
mas ufalman, viTar man uJamod nayofni Cemni moisTvlna da sanTeli Cemi daSrita da yvavili Cemi<br />
daaWno, Suenierebai sikeTisa Cemisai daabnela da didebai Cemi daamdabla da RmerTman sajos mis<br />
Soris da Cem Soris...~<br />
RmerTma `saja~ _ matli SuSanikis sxeuls exveoda, varsqenisas _ suls... `muni igi matli udideis<br />
ars da ara mokvdebis~...<br />
`SuSanikis wamebis~ istoriuli foni<br />
`SuSanikis wameba~ mexuTe saukunis meore naxevarSi (476-483 w.w.) daiwera. iakob xucesi aRwers<br />
Tavis epoqas, Tanamedrove saqarTvelos, konkretulad, qarTls, `qveyanasa mas hereTisasa.~<br />
Txzulebis moqmedeba iSleba `dabasa, romelsa saxeli hrqvian curtav~ (curtavi mdebareobda<br />
daaxloebiT rusTavsa da bolniss Soris, mdinareebis _ qciisa da maSaveris SesarTavTan).<br />
curtavi qarTlis pitiaxSTa rezidencia iyo.<br />
pitiaxSi, saxelmwifos didmoxele, ZalauflebiT mxolod xelmwifes Camouvardeboda.<br />
mexuTe saukuneSi sparseTi (irani) intensiurad eswrafvis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gabatonebas,<br />
risTvisac, upirvelesad, qristianobis aRmofxvrasa da mazdeanobis gavrcelebas isaxavs<br />
miznad. eZebs sparseTi `qvegamxedvarT~ (moRalateT), romelTa ZalisxmeviTac cixes iolad gatexs<br />
Signidan.<br />
swored amgvari `qvegamxedvari~ aRmoCndeba hereTis (qarTlis) pitiaxSi, arSuSas Ze _ varsqeni.<br />
qarTlis gamazdeanebis politikas irani adrec axorcielebda. jer kidev Sahma iezdigerd meorem<br />
ixmo TavisTan `karad~ (sparseTis sataxto qalaqi _ qtesifoni ixsenieba `karad~) amierkavkasiis<br />
xelisufalni: qarTlidan arSuSa (varsqenis mama), somxeTidan _ vardan spaipeti (SuSanikis mama),<br />
albaneTidan _ mTavari, romlis saxelic matianes ar Semounaxavs. iranis xelmwifem maTgan gamazdeaneba<br />
moiTxova. mTavarni iZulebulni gaxdnen, damorCilebodnen brZanebas, raTa kavkasia iranis<br />
samxedro eqspansiisagan exsnaT. 451 w. somxebi ajanydnen. avarairis brZolaSi moklul iqna vardan<br />
mamikoniani. SuSaniki, mamis sikvdilis Semdeg, arSuSa pitiaxSis karze izrdeboda, hereTSi. amitomac<br />
eubneba igi jojiks: `uwyi, viTarmed dai var da erTad ganzrdilni...~<br />
zemoTqmulis Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovreba~ mogviTxrobs. `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ amis Sesaxeb araferia<br />
miniSnebuli, magram varsqenisa da arSuSas SuSanikiseuli Sefasebidan naTlad Cans, rom dedofali<br />
ar kicxavs mamamTils, romelmac mazdeanoba, albaT, mxolod nominalurad miiRo, guliT ki<br />
WeSmarit qristianad darCa, varsqens ki `arca Wiri exilva, arca SiSi, arca maxvili, arca pyrobilebai<br />
qristeisTvis.~ miT ufro sazaria da miutevebeli misi gamazdeaneba! (`mamaman Senman aRhmarTna<br />
samartvileni da eklesiani aRaSenna, da Sen mamisa Senisa saqmeni ganhryvnen da sxvad gardaaqcien<br />
keTilni misni. mamaman Senman wmidani Semoixvna saxid Tvisad, xolo Sen devni Semoixven (devni _ atroSanis<br />
RvTaebani), man RmerTi caTai da qveyanisai aRiara da hrwmena, xolo Sen RmerTi WeSmariti<br />
uvarhyav da cecxlsa Tayvanis ec~).<br />
or religias Soris konfliqti qarTuli ojaxis fonze iSleba.<br />
erT ojaxSi meuRleTagan erTi (SuSaniki) aris `tarigi RmrTisa,~ meore (varsqeni) _ `RmrTisa<br />
mteri.~ qali sarwmunoebisa da erovnuli meobis `dammarxvelad~ gvevlineba, mamakaci _ warmavali,<br />
miwieri `pativisa moRebisaTvis~ ucxo samefo karze mowowialed, rjulisa da mamulis gamyidvelad.<br />
`SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstSi moxseniebuli mefe sparseTisa, romlis saxelic ar konkretdeba,<br />
11
aris perozi. moqmedeba xdeba misi gamefebis `mervesa welsa~ (468 w.).<br />
teqstSi, aseve, ar konkretdeba saxeli saqarTvelos mefisa _ vaxtang gorgasali.<br />
ratom ar Caeria mefe konfliqtSi, ratom ar daicva dedofali? `SuSanikis wameba~ amis Sesaxeb<br />
dums, magram `qarTlis cxovrebidan~ irkveva, rom vaxtangi am dros ar imyofeba saqarTveloSi<br />
(Cans, swored amiT isargebla varsqenma da Tavisi uflebebis ganusazRvreli gafarToeba moiwadina<br />
sparseTis SahTan damoyvrebiTa da Sahisave mxardaWeriT).<br />
pirveli, rac vaxtangma saqarTveloSi dabrunebisTanave moimoqmeda, iyo is, rom moakvlevina<br />
qvegamxedvari da aso-asod akuwuli cxedari varsqenisa mtkvris WalebSi mimoafantvina, rogorc<br />
gafrTxileba, rom igive eloda rjulisa da mamulis yvela moRalates. es 484w. moxda.<br />
`SuSanikis wameba~ dawerilia 476-483 ww.<br />
`SuSanikis wamebis~ daTariReba xdeba Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT: dedofali gardaicvala<br />
475w. 17 oqtombers. qveda TariRad Txzulebis Seqmnisa aRebulia 476 w.; varsqeni vaxtangma moakvlevina<br />
484w. es faqti araa aRnusxuli teqstSi. `martviloba~ 483 welze gvian rom daweriliyo, es<br />
aucileblad warmoCndeboda nawarmoebSi, Tundac rogorc samarTliani sasjeli, moRalatisaTvis<br />
ganCinebuli. e. i., teqsti dawerilia SuSanikis sikvdilidan varsqenis mkvlelobamdis.<br />
teqstidan Cans, rom varsqeni, Sahs daqvemdebarebuli, iZulebulia, sparseTis interesebis dasacavad<br />
ibrZolos. amadac eomeba honebs _ CrdiloeT kaspiispireTSi damkvidrebul, iranisadmi<br />
mtrulad ganwyobil toms; xelewifeba colis Cords (darubands) wargzavna.<br />
varsqenis dedis, anuSvaram arwrunis, dakrZalvis adgils _ urds _ samwuxarod, dRes mkvlevarni<br />
ver akonkreteben (am alags SuSaniki moixseniebs _ Tu pitiaxSs mkvdarTa aRdgineba xelewifeba,<br />
jer urds dakrZaluli deda aRadginoso).<br />
`SuSanikis wameba~ naTlad warmoaCens iranis eqspansiur miznebs saqarTveloSi. samwuxaroa, rom<br />
es, aSkara Tu faruli, eqspansia Tavad qarTvelTa xelSewyobiT xorcieldeba.<br />
`martviloba~ Zvirfasi istoriul-literaturuli wyaroa qveynis Sidapolitikuri viTarebis<br />
Sesaswavladac. V saukunis meore naxevrisaTvis aRm. saqarTvelo _ `sofeli qarTlisaY ~ politikurad<br />
absoluturad Camoyalibebuli saxelmwifoa, Camoyalibebulive saero da sasuliero xelisuflebiT.<br />
qveynis saTaveSi dgas mefe (igi teqstSi ar Cans, magram aq `SuSanikis wamebas~ `qarTlis<br />
cxovreba~ eSveleba), saxelmwifoSi arsebobs pitiaxSis instituti (zogi mosazrebiT, es igiv mefisnacvlis<br />
`saxeloa~, zogiTac _ sparsuli politikis Sedegi _ ucxo `srsvili~ qarTuli erovnuli<br />
saxelmwifos sxeulze).<br />
pitiaxSi pativdebuli personaa _ sazRvars miaxloebisas mas unda miegebon `aznaurni da misni<br />
Zeni da msaxurni misni.~<br />
ierarqia saero xelisuflebisa mkacradaa gansazRvruli _ qveyanaSi arseboben `aznaurni diddidni<br />
(Tavadni) da zepurni dedani (didgvarovani qalbatonebi, banovanni), aznaurni (sakuTriv) da<br />
uaznoni~ (glexebi);<br />
mkacradaa gansazRvruli sasuliero xelisuflebis ierarqiac: arsebobs mTavarepiskoposi<br />
(`Tavi igi episkoposTaY _ samoel~), episkoposni (afoc, iovane...), mRvdlebi (iakob xucesi; vinme<br />
xucesi, romelsac varsqenma `uxeTqna kverTxiTa zurgsa dedoflis gamosarClebisaTvis...), diakonni<br />
(diakoni, romelmac `vanad~ wasul afocsa da iakobs varsqenis dabruneba auwya; diakoni,<br />
romelsac, varsqenis danaxvisas, SuSanikis gansamxneveblad warmosaTqmeli sityva pirze SeaSra).<br />
rogorc sasuliero, aseve saero xelisufalT moixseniebs SuSaniki Tavis tkivilian amonakvnesSi:<br />
`ufalo RmerTo, arca mRdelTagani vin ipova mowyale, arca erisa kaci vin gamoCnda Soris<br />
ersa amisa, aramed yovelTa me sikvdild mimiTvales mtersa RmrTisasa varsqens.~<br />
es wamieri drtvinvaa _ sicocxlis miwuruls dedofali `madlsa miscemda misa mimarT mowleobisaTvis<br />
(TanagrZnobisa da nugeSisaTvis) episkopossa misisa saxlisasa afocs.~<br />
afoci, rodesac Seityobs varsqenis gamazdeanebas, iakobTan erTad wmida kacis vanad myofi,<br />
mwuxarebiT aRsavse, tiris _ `Cven aRvivseniT mwuxarebiTa da didiTa tiriliTa vtirodeT gamwarebulni<br />
codvaTa CvenTa warmoCinebisaTvis~ _ sasuliero xelisufalni sakuTar danaSaulad,<br />
Tavisi codvebis dasturad aRiqvamen varsqenis dacemas.<br />
satusaRoSi myof dedofals, varsqenisagan idumal, sazrdeliT moikiTxavdnen samoeli da<br />
iovane, `farulad iRvwides da nugeSinis scemdes~.<br />
upirvelesi mozare, Wirisufali da TanamgrZnobeli dedoflisa misi sulieri moZRvari iyo.<br />
mxolod iakobma icoda, rom SuSaniks antioqiis palekartqveS, ZaZa emosa, sasTumal alizs (gamoumwvar<br />
agurs) `kacTa TvalTaTvis~ xaleni faravda.<br />
sasuliero pirebma gaapatiosnes da dakrZales wmindani.<br />
`sofeli qarTlisai~ sicocxleSive Tayvans scemda dedofals _ gamZvinvarebuli varsqenis<br />
Tvalwin cremloobs `amboxi~ xalxisa, satusaRoSi myofs ki codvaTa Sesandobad akiTxavs da momakvdavis<br />
borkilT `sacod da nakurTxevad~ iTxovs. Sendobis mTxovnelTa Sorisaa jojikis ojaxic<br />
(`kacni sawuTroi sani da soflismoyvareni,~ rogorc Tavad moixsenies Tavi).<br />
teqsti adasturebs qarTuli kulturis maRal dones V saukuneSi. `SuSanikis wameba~ uTiTebs,<br />
rom suliT gansaZliereblad sasaxleSi dabrunebulma dedofalma `Tanawaritanna evangele Tvisi<br />
12
da wmidani igi wignni mowameTani~, satusaRoSi myofma ki `gulsmodginebiTa xelTa aRixvna daviTni<br />
da mcired dReTa Semdgomad asergasisni igi fsalmunni daiswavlna.~<br />
zemoTqmuli adasturebs, rom mexuTe saukunis meore naxevrisaTvis qarTulad ukve Targmnilia<br />
saxareba (evangele), daviTni (fsalmunni), martirologiuri literatura (wignni mowameTani).<br />
Tavad dedofali wminda werilis zedmiwevniT mcodnea (rom araferi vTqvaT iakob xucesze).<br />
`suliTa cxovlad~ SuSaniks qristes sjulis dammarxvelni esaxeba, WeSmariti RmrTis uarmyofelni<br />
_ `suliTa momkvdarad~ (rogorc varsqenisagan warmogzavnil despanTan saubarSi warmoCndeba).<br />
`siyrmiTgan TvisiT~ RvTismoSiS dedofals sjera, rom uflis winaSe yvelas piradi pasuxismgebloba<br />
aqvs: `masmies me pavleis mociqulisagan (e. i., V s-Si Targmnilia `pavlenic~ _ pavle mociqulis<br />
epistoleni): ara damonebul ars Zmai, gina dai, aramed ganeyenen.~<br />
uflis sarwmunoebis dacvisaTvis dawyebuli wamebis Rames dedofali aRiqvams `dasabam(ad)<br />
sixarulisa...~ sisxls _ `codvaTa ganmwmedelad~... `arRarad exmareba~ (aRar sWirdeba) samkaulni.<br />
`eqvsi weli cixesa mas Sina aRasrula da wesierebiTa saRmrToiTa yvaoda: marxviTa, maradis<br />
mRviZarebiTa, zedgomiTa, TayvaniscemiTa uwyinod da kiTxviTa wignTaiTa mouwyinebelad. ganabrwyina<br />
da ganaSuena yoveli igi cixe sulieriTa miT qnariTa.~<br />
istoriuli viTarebis gasaTvaliswineblad sainteresoa `vinme sparsis~ yofna varsqenis karze.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom igi gamudmebiT cdilobs (rasakvirvelia, `zakviT~), TiTqos, ganmuxtos situacia.<br />
sparseTidan Camosul pitiaxSs swored sparsi auwyebs dedoflis gandgomas: `me viTar micnobies,<br />
coli Seni gandgomil aris Sengan. da me getyvi Sen: nuras ficxelsa sityvasa etyvi mas, rameTu<br />
dedaTa bunebai iwro ars.~<br />
SuSaniksac `TanaugrZnobs~: `eseviTari saxli mSvidobisai viTar sawyalobel iqmna da sixaruli<br />
mwuxarebad gardaiqca!~ (SuSaniki xvdeba `TanamgrZnobis~ mzakvrobas _ `moizRuda Tavi misi mtkiced~).<br />
purisWamis Semdeg `mcired damcxral~ pitiaxSs swored `vinme sparsi~ evedreba, borkilebi axsnas<br />
gvemul dedofals.<br />
sparsis Tavgamodeba misi gulCvilobiT ki ara, imiT aixsneba, rom mas ara surs gamazdeanebuli<br />
varsqenis diskreditacia qarTvelTa TvalSi (erTi mazdeanis (miT ufro, axalmoqceulis) uzneoba<br />
Cirqsa scxebs zogadad mazdeanobas, sparseTsac).<br />
xucesi warmoaCens sazogadoebis erTgvar siWreles _ yvela ver bedavs, aSkarad TanaugrZnos<br />
dedofals da daupirispirdes varsqens. pitiaxSis nebas aRasruleben mcveli satusaRosi, senakapani...<br />
diakonsac sityva pirze aSreba mZvinvare varsqenis danaxvisas, Tumc `soflisa qarTlisais~<br />
mosaxleobis udidesi nawili, `mRvdelTagannica~ da `erisa kacnic~ wmindanad sicocxleSive aRiareben<br />
`RmrTis tarigs~, `mglad da cofad~ _ uflisa da mamulis moRalates.<br />
`dedaTa bunebis iwroeba~ (qalis gonebaSezRuduloba) ki V saukunis qarTvelis azri ki ara,<br />
`vinme sparsis~ (zogadad, mazdeanobis) doqtrinaa.<br />
qalis uflebriv SezRudulobaze arc cnobili fraza miuTiTebs: `odes yofil ars aqamomde,<br />
Tumca mamaTa da dedaTa erTad eWama puri?!~ stumarTa winaSe (ucxoTa winaSe) qali mudam diasaxlisis,<br />
maspinZlis rols irCevs, es ucxoTa elementaruli pativiscemaa da ara qalis Rirsebis damcireba.<br />
ojaxis wevrni ki, qalebica da mamakacebic, bunebrivia, erTad usxdnen sufras. zemoTqmuliT<br />
SuSanikma qaragmulad mianiSna qmars, sjulis gamocvlis Semdeg CemTvis ucxo xar, SenTan erTad<br />
purs ar gavtex, miT ufro, uflis sisxls _ Rvinos ver veziarebio.<br />
qristianuli sarwmunoeba qals dakninebulad ar aRiqvams. Tu wuTisofelSi odnav mainc aris<br />
erTgvari ierarqia, miRmur samyaroSi es ierarqia qreba: `ganvisajneT me da varsqen pitiaxSi mun,<br />
sada igi ara ars TvalRebai winaSe msajulisa mis msajulTaisa da meufisa mis meufeTaisa, sada ara<br />
ars rCevai mamakacisa da dedakacisaY ~.<br />
hagiografiuli Txzuleba, Janris kanonTa gaTvaliswinebiT, warmoaCens qveynis politikur mdgomareobas,<br />
martvilis usazmno tkivilebsa da wmindanamdis amaRlebulis sulier gancdebs.<br />
Txroba mSrali da mwuTxe ki ar aris, uaRresad lakonuria da tevadi.<br />
bibliurad tevadia fraza.<br />
hagiografis mzeris miRma ar rCeba arc `yuresa erTsa miyrdnobili,~ mwared atirebuli dedofali,<br />
romelsac guli swydeba, rom uJamod daSrites misi sanTeli, moisTvlnes misi nayofni,<br />
daaWnes misi yvavili, arc colis samkaulTa `aRmxilveli,~ Tu, qalis usazmno gvemis Semdeg, `nadirobad<br />
warsruli~ pitiaxSi.<br />
hagiografi mematianis sizustiT aRwers `wamebis~ fonsac _ TiTqos hereTis mwir garemos ki<br />
ara, jojoxeTis sazar landSafts aRwerdes:<br />
`Jamsa zafxulisasa cecxlebr Semwveli igi mxurvalebai mzisai, qarni xorSakni da wyalni mavnebelni,<br />
romlisa mkvidrnica mis adgilisani _ savseni seniTa, wyliTa gansivebulni da ganyviTlebulni,<br />
dawertilni da damWnarni da damRierebulni, Caradovanni, pirmsivanni da dRemokled cxorebulni.<br />
da moxucebuli aravin ars maT qveyanaTa...~<br />
`SuSanikis wameba~ _ qarTuli literaturis Cvenamde moRweuli pirveli Zegli aTas xuTasi<br />
weliwadia, arwmunebs qarTvels, rom wmindanis saxeli oden uflisa da mamulis Tavganwiruli msaxurebiT<br />
`moiyideba~...<br />
13
`SuSanikis wameba~ SemorCenilia mxolod meTerTmete saukunis xelnaweris saxiT, amdenad, teqstSi<br />
aRar Cans V saukunisaTvis bunebrivi `xanmetobis~ kvali.<br />
arsebobs `wamebis~ 4 redaqcia: 2 qarTuli, 2 somxuri.<br />
Tavdapirvelia qarTuli vrceli redaqcia.<br />
qarTuli vrceli redaqcia _ somxuri vrceli redaqcia _ somxuri mokle redaqcia _ qarTuli<br />
mokle redaqcia.<br />
somxur redaqciaSi daculi cnoba SuSanikis erT-erTi Svilis mtkvarSi daxrCobis Sesaxeb qar-<br />
Tul variantSi dakargulia.<br />
`SuSanikis wamebis~ mxatvruli mxare<br />
iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ _ qarTuli mwerlobis Cvenamdis moRweuli pirveli Zegli _<br />
mxatvruli sinatifiTa da daxvewilobiT badebs safuZvlian eWvs, rom igi ar SeiZleba iyos dasabami<br />
erovnuli literaturisa _ msgavsi mxatvruli srulyofilebisaTvis erTbaSad arc erT mwerlobas<br />
miuRwevia.<br />
nawarmoebi iwyeba fraziT: `da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidisa da sanatrelisa<br />
SuSanikisi~. odnav qvemoT vkiTxulobT: iyo `SuSanik moSiSi RmrTisa, viTarca igi vTquiT,<br />
siyrmiTgan TvisiT.~<br />
Cans, arsebobda sxva Txzuleba (an amav Txzulebis aw dakarguli nawili), romelSic wmindanis<br />
siyrme iyo aRwerili.<br />
`SuSanikis wamebis~ daweris droisaTvis rom sasuliero wignTa udidesi nawili ukve Targmnili<br />
iyo, nawarmoebic adasturebs: sulierad gansaZliereblad sasaxleSi dabrunebulma dedofalma<br />
`Tanawaritanna evangele Tvisi da wmidani igi wignni mowameTani,~ satusaRoSi myofma ki<br />
`gulsmodginebiTa xelTa aRixvna daviTni da mcired dReTa Semdgomad asergasisni igi fsalmunni<br />
daiswavla.~<br />
zemoTqmuli adasturebs, rom me-5 saukunis meore naxevrisaTvis qarTulad ukve Targmnilia<br />
saxareba oTxTavi (evangele), daviTni (fsalmunni), martirologiuri literatura (wignni mowameTani);<br />
dedofali icnobs samociqulosac, kerZod, pavle mociqulis epistoleebs (`masmies me pavleY<br />
s mociqulisagan: ara damonebul ars ZmaY , gina daY , aramed ganeyenen~).<br />
Txzuleba hagiografiul Janrs ganekuTvneba. `hagiografia~ berZnulad wmindanis cxovrebis<br />
aRweras niSnavs. JanrSi gamoiyofa qveJanrebi:<br />
a)martviloba _ teqsti, romelSic wmindanis cxovreba da misi mowamebrivi aRsasrulia aRwerili;<br />
b) cxovreba _ teqsti, romelSic wmindanis cxovreba da misi bunebrivi aRsasrulia aRwerili.<br />
`SuSanikis wameba~ martvilobaa da aRwers dedoflis eqvswlian tanjvasa da meSvide weliwads<br />
netarad aRsrulebas.<br />
Janris kanonTa Sesabamisad, Txzulebas, ubralod, unda aRewera wmindanis yofa da aRsasruli,<br />
magram sityvis didostatis _ iakob xucesis madliT, nawarmoebi ar eteva Janris CarCoebSi da<br />
ubrwyinvales beletristul qmnilebad iqceva.<br />
am prozaul Txzulebas maRali poezia msWvalavs, sityva, fraza lakonuria, magram _ bibliurad<br />
tevadi.<br />
bibliuri momWirneobiT iyenebs sityvas xucesi da mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi samudamod aRibe-<br />
Wdeba tragikuli xatebani `qveyanasa zeda davardnili~, Tu `yuresa erTsa miyrdnobili~, mwared<br />
atirebuli dedoflisa, colis `didZal simsivnes~ ganridebuli, `nadirobad warsruli,~ samkaulTa<br />
aRmxilveli, SuSanikis manugeSebel xalxSi `mxedr~ Sevardnili varsqenisa, pitiaxSis SiSiT pirze<br />
sityvaSemSrali diakvnisa, sasaxleSi gveliviT Sesrialebuli `vinme sparsisa,~ `pirsa WiqaSelewili~<br />
rZlisa, kverTxiT nacemi RmrTismsaxurisa...<br />
TiTqos hereTis mzis mxurvalebas vgrZnobdeT: `Jamsa zafxulisasa cecxlebr Semwveli igi<br />
mxurvalebaY mzisaY , qarni xorSakni da wyalni mavnebelni, romlisa mkvidrnica mis adgilisani _<br />
savseni seniTa, wyliTa gansivebulni da ganyviTlebulni, dawertilni da damWnarni da damRierebulni,<br />
Caradovanni, pirmsivanni da dRemokled cxorebulni da moxucebuli aravin ars maT qveyanaTa.~<br />
TiTqos qarTlis (hereTis) mwir garemos ki ara, jojoxeTis sazar landSafts aRwerdes mwerali-mematiane.<br />
iakob curtaveli pitiaxSis karis mRvdeli, SuSanikis sulieri moZRvari iyo, sasuliero piri,<br />
saRmrTo werilis zedmiwevniT mcodne. aqedan _ bibliur pasaJTa siuxve `SuSanikis wamebaSi.~<br />
14
2. iovane sabanisZe, `habos wameba~<br />
a. literaturuli komentarebi<br />
arabTa gabatonebis Semdeg erovnuli sulis kvdomis tragedias, zneobis gaTelvasa da uzneobis<br />
galaRebas bibliuri winaswarmetyvelis simkacriTa da pirdapirobiT warmoaCens iovane sabanisZe:<br />
`Jamsa meSvidesa darsa zeda vdgaT... mravalni scTundebian da mravalTa acTuneben... sicocxlisa<br />
amis moZRvrebasa ara Tavsidebden... WeSmaritebisagan sasmenelni gare miiqcinen da zRaprebsa<br />
mieqcen... varT yuresa amas qveynisasa... xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinaresRa Sjuldebul... madliTa<br />
naTlisRebisaiTa...<br />
naSobni qristeaneTani gardagvlarZnes _ romelnime mZlavrebiT, romelnime SetyuviliT,<br />
romelnime siyrmesa Sina umecrebiT, romelnime mzakvarebiT... naklulevanebiTa da siglaxakiTa<br />
Sekrulni SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa, (damviwyebelni)<br />
Cveulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa.~<br />
iakob curtavelTan ar aris aseTi mZafri SegrZneba tragizmisa. saqarTvelos mteri mexuTe<br />
saukuneSi Zlevamosili, magram ukve `daisisken miwurvili~ sasaniduri irani iyo. Tu zeobda varsqeni<br />
_ droebiT, samRvdeloni da saeroni, `aznaurni did-didni da zepurni dedani, aznaurni da<br />
uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani~ aSkarad TanaugrZnobdnen WeSmariti sarwmunoebisa da mamulisaTvis<br />
Tavganwirul dedofals.<br />
523 w. iranelebma qarTlSi (aRm. saqarTveloSi) mefoba gaauqmes, tfilisSi Sahis nacvali, marzpani<br />
dasves; VI aswleulSi, qarTlSi arabTa gabatonebis Semdeg, sparsi marzpani arabma amiram (xalifas<br />
nacvalma) Secvala. erismTavris (erovnebiT qarTvelis) instituti nominaluri iyo.<br />
xmoba daiwyo erovnulma fesvma, momravldnen damviwyebelni `Cveulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa~.<br />
godebs sabanisZe _ mwerali-mematiane: `aRverieniT ersa ucxosa, SjuliTa gandgomilisa qristesagan,<br />
... sarwmunoebisa Cvenisasa maginebelTa, romelTagan viswaveniT saqmeni maTni da vhmonebdiT<br />
gulisTqmasa gulTa CvenTasa mibaZvebiTa maTiTa, viTarca usasoni qristesagan da damviwyebelni<br />
saukunoisa cxorebisani.~<br />
erovnuli tragediis gacnobiereba gaxda mizezi `habos wamebis~ Seqmnisa, rac, samoel qarTlis<br />
kaTalikosis brZanebiT, aRasrula iovane sabanisZem. uflis SewevniT ganZlierebuli iovane, hagiografTaTvis<br />
Cveuli TavmdablobiT, mogviTxrobs: `aRvwere uRirsisagan gonebisa Cemisa Semokrebuli<br />
martviloba WeSmariti da utyueli wmidisa mowamisai~.<br />
sabanisZe mkiTxvels arwmunebs, rom `axovnad~ warmoCenili wmidanis Rvawlma rwmenaSeryeulni<br />
eklesiisaken Semoabruna. martvilTa maRali yofis gacnobierebiT, eklesiaSi SekrebiT, saRmrToze<br />
fiqriT Wabukni ganmtkicdnen, moxucni ganmxnevdnen, ganmxnevebulni gaZlierdnen.<br />
Txzuleba 786-790 ww. daiwera (habo 786w. awames, samoeli ki, visi brZanebiTac Seiqmna martvilobis<br />
teqsti, qarTlis kaTalikosi iyo 790 w-mde).<br />
miuxedavad mdgomareobis tragizmisa, avtori imedgadawuruli, sasowarkveTili rodia. imedi<br />
efemeruli ar aris _ sabanisZem icis, rom qristianobas umdidresi tradiciebi da xangrZlivi istoria<br />
gaaCnia saqarTveloSi da qristes sjulis erTguleba miuCnevia xsnis erTaderT gzad.<br />
swored sabanisZe gvawvdis cnobas imis Sesaxeb, rom VIII s-is miwurulisaTvis qristianobas saqarTveloSi<br />
xuTaswlovani istoria aqvs: `varT yuresa amas qveyanisasa xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinaresRa<br />
Sjuldebul... madliTa naTlisRebisaiTa~.<br />
sabanisZe qarTul eklesias bizantiuris gverdiT ayenebs: `ara xolo Tu berZenTa sarwmunoebai<br />
ese RmrTisamieri moipoves, aramed Cvenca, SorielTa amaT mkvidrTa... qarTlisaca mkvidrTa aqvs<br />
sarwmunoebai da wodebul ars dedad wmidaTa (wmidanTa samSoblod), romelTame TviT aqa mkvidrTa<br />
da romelTame ucxoTa da sxviT mosrulTa Cven Soris~.<br />
habo, Cvidmet-Tvrameti wlis sarkinozi Wabuki, `ucxo da sxviT mosrulia~. hagiografiuli Txzuleba<br />
sabanisZisa swored misi Rvawlis aRweras eZRvneba. habo, `ucxoi ucxoiTa SjuliTa movida<br />
da qristesa, RmerTsa Cvensa, Seemecna... gvirgvinosan yo eklesiai~, wamebulis gvirgvinma gananaTla.<br />
mwerlis farTo erudiciis, maRali gemovnebisa da daxvewili mxatvruli ostatobis wyalobiT,<br />
hagiografiuli Txzuleba veRar eteva Janris CarCoebSi da ucxotomelis qristesTvis wamebis<br />
faqtis mSral aRnusxvas ki ara, VIII saukunis miwurulis saqarTvelos mxatvrul matianes warmoadgens.<br />
Txzuleba siuJeturadac rTulia, poliJanruli (mravali Janris gamaerTianebeli):.<br />
Sesavali da I Tavi epistolesa da saRmrToTa saxelTa ganmartebas warmoadgens;<br />
sakuTriv habos Rvawli II-III T.T.-Sia aRwerili;<br />
meoTxe Tavi ki warmoadgens netarisadmi aRvlenil sagalobels, qarTuli himnografiis erTerT<br />
uZveles da umSvenieres nimuSs.<br />
amdenad, iovane sabanisZe ara mxolod sasuliero prozis (hagiografiis), sasuliero poeziis<br />
(himnografiis) didostatadac gvevlineba.<br />
15
sabanisZis Txzulebis pirveli Tavi naTlad adasturebs saRmrTo werilis uRrmes wvdomas.<br />
`saRmrTo saxelni~ `wignTagan sawinaiswarmetyveloTa,~ samociqulodan, saxarebidan, wmida mamaTa<br />
qadagebebidan amoukrebia avtors da TiToeulis (kar, gza, tarig, mwyems, lod, margalit, maril,<br />
yvavil, angeloz, kac, RmerT, naTel, qveyana, marcval mdogvis, matl, mze simarTlis) bibliur<br />
ganmartebas iZleva. iqvea daskvnac: `ver SemZlebel varT Cven miwvdomad simdidresa mas saxelisa<br />
misisasa.~<br />
`ioane sabanisZis Txzuleba yvela sxva qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglisagan gamoirCeva simboloTa<br />
sistemis SedarebiT srulad da Taviseburad gamoxatviT... esaa erTaderTi qarTuli mxatvruli<br />
Zegli, romelSiac Camoyalibebulia simboloTa ganmartebani.<br />
korneli kekeliZe fiqrobda, rom wyarod gamoyenebuli iyo fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Txzuleba<br />
`saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis~.<br />
ilia abulaZis azriT, ioane sabanisZis erT-erTi wyaro unda iyos epifane kviprelis `aRvsebisaTvis~.<br />
gamoyenebulia klimenti aleqsandrielis himnic qristesadmi.<br />
ioane sabanisZe warmogvidgeba mcire qarTuli ganmartebiTi leqsikonis pirvel Semdgenelad.<br />
es faqtic imdroindeli Cveni filologiuri skolis naTeli dadasturebaa~ (revaz baramiZe,<br />
narkvevebi qarTuli mwerlobis istoriidan, Tb., 1990, gv. 46-48).<br />
Txzulebis meoTxe Tavi kompoziciurad agvirgvinebs nawarmoebs, ganazogadebs habos Rvawls,<br />
sagaloblad aRevlineba: `viTarca kravi umankoi, Seiwire Semwvari cecxliTa... qristeman ismaitel-<br />
Ta Soris, viTarca vardi ekalTagan, gamogarCia... Sen, veluri ege zeTisxili, mogiRo qristeman...~<br />
nawarmoebis ZiriTad nawils II-IIIT.T. warmoadgens. masSi netaris gzaa aRwerili, imavdroulad,<br />
matianesac waagavs teqstis es monakveTi. mwerali-mematiane gvixatavs arabTa gavlenis qveS myof<br />
qarTls (aRm. saqarTvelos), bizantiis gavlenis qveS myof afxazeTs (das. saqarTvelos), xazareTs...<br />
Tuki qarTlSi sarkinozTa `xarksa qveSe gvemulni... SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca<br />
lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa,~ afxazeTi aris `qveyana savsei qristes sarwmunoebiTa da aravin urwmunoTagani<br />
mkvidrad ipovebis sazRvarTa maTTa.~<br />
Txzulebis personaJebi garkveuli ideis personifikacias warmoadgenen:<br />
habo wmidanobis ideas ganasaxierebs, nerse _ dapyrobili qveynis gaTavisuflebisaTvis br-<br />
Zolisa, arabi amira-msajuli _ dampyroblis gansxeulebaa (r. siraZe).<br />
nawarmoebi Tanamedrovis mieraa dawerili, amdenad, qveynis xsnisaTvis TavganwirviT mebrZoli<br />
nerses saxes aSkarad ver warmoaCenda avtori, magram ikveTeba mZafri survili sabanisZisa, STamomavalT<br />
daanaxos mrisxane dampyrobelTan _ arabeTis xalifatTan dapirispirebuli eriskaci, misi<br />
`ganwirulis sulis-kveTeba.~ swored erismTavris ojaxSi eyreba safuZveli erovnul-gamaTavisuflebel<br />
moZraobas, romelsac nerses karzeve aRzrdili grigol xanZTeli uTavkacebs IX saukuneSi,<br />
jvriT daiwyebs iavarqmnili mamulis aRorZinebas.<br />
mxolod gakvriT ixseniebs sabanisZe im faqts, rom nerse baRdadis cixeSi `SesmeniTa borotTa<br />
kacTaiTa~ ijda _ mters ra gamoulevda qveynis gaTavisuflebisTvis mebrZols (mters _ Tanamemamules<br />
Tu ucxotomels)...<br />
nerses ZalisxmeviT gardagularZnilTa samkvidroSi `gamoCnda axovnad wmidai ese mowamei~,<br />
`kravi umankoi, ... Semwvari cecxliTa.~<br />
aSkaraa mizani sabanisZisa _ `Cveulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa~ damviwyebelT ucxotomelis Tavganwirvis<br />
aRweriT erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis grZnoba gauRviZos. dawvrilebiT aRwers gzas, romelic<br />
menelsacxeble mahmadianma ganvlo qristian wmindanad amaRlebamdis. `wamisyofiTa qristesmieriTa~<br />
`ganaTlebuli~ sarkinozi kadnierad miaxlis ganrisxebul amiras: `dauteve me pirveli<br />
igi kacTa xelovnebiTa SeTxzuli Sjuli da zRaprobisa sibrZniTa RonisZiebuli rwmunebai da aw<br />
Seudeg me WeSmaritsa qristes mier momadlebulsa sarwmunoebasa samebisa wmidisasa _ mamisa da Zisa<br />
da sulisa wmidisasa~.<br />
sabanisZe sagangebod gamokveTs azrs, rom qristianobis sinaTlesa da madls mxolod WeSmariti<br />
`qristeane~ Tu igznebs.<br />
wamebulis wmida ferflis mtkvarSi Cayrac simboluria _ naSTi ar unda darCeniliyo wmidanisa,<br />
rom sxva sarkinoznic ar `cTunebuliyvnen,~ qristianni ki – ar ganmtkicebuliyvnen. ufalma<br />
saswauli mouvlina mciredmorwmuneT _ caSi gabrwyinebuli varskvlaviTa da wylidan amomavali<br />
naTebiT miago pativi netars. `ukeTu xorcTa maT ganxrwnadTa esodeni pativi awve aCvena, ravden<br />
ufrois uxrwnelad aRdgomasa mas marTalTasa didebiTa da pativiTa gvirgvinosani ixilon Soris<br />
angelozTa~...<br />
sabanisZe momxdaris amaRlebulobis warmoCenaze (da ara sakuTari sityvis garegnul silamazeze)<br />
zrunavda. habos martvilobisa da amaRlebis aRweriT mweralma erovnuli TviTSegnebis<br />
dangreuli taZris aRdgenisaken mouwoda gardagularZnil, gulisTqmas damonebul TanamemamuleT.<br />
iseve, rogorc iakob xucesi, `habos wamebis~ avtoric, iovane sabanisZec, zedmiwevniT, Rrmad,<br />
safuZvlianad icnobs sasuliero wyaroebs. zogi mkvlevris mosazrebiT, mwerali sasuliero piria.<br />
16
Cveulebriv, hagiografebi sasuliero pirebi iyvnen, magram, korneli kekeliZis varaudiT (epistoleebze<br />
dayrdnobiT), sabanisZe saero piri unda yofiliyo.<br />
sabanisZe Tavis Txzulebas iakob curtavelisagan gansxvavebuli principiT agebs _ xucesTan<br />
gabmuli, uwyveti Txrobaa, `habos wameba~ poliJanrulia (mravali Janris momcveli), Tavebad dayofili.<br />
Txzulebis dasawyisSi warmodgenilia samoel qarTlis kaTalikosis epistole iovanesadmi da<br />
sabanisZis pasuxi, rasac mosdevs nawarmoebis oTxi Tavis saTaurebi:<br />
pirveli Tavi: `RmrTismsaxurTa da martvilTmoyvareTa krebulisaTvis Txrobai da moZRvrebai<br />
da axlisa amis mowamisai haboisa xsenebai~;<br />
meore Tavi: `qarTlad Semoslvai da naTlisRebai netarisa haboisi~;<br />
mesame Tavi:`martvilobai wmidisa haboisi~;<br />
meoTxe Tavi: `qebai sanatrelisa wmidisa haboi~.<br />
iovane sabanisZis pirovneba warmoCenilia samoel kaTalikosis epistoleSi (werilSi).<br />
`me, samoel qristes mier qarTlisa kaTalikozi, ufalsa iovanes sabanisZesa, sulierad Svilsa<br />
wmidisa kaTolike (sayovelTao, yovlismomcveli) eklesiisasa da sayvarelsa Cvensa, locviT uflisa<br />
mier mogikiTxav,~ _ mimarTavs qarTuli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli iovanes da moikiTxavs: `mSvidobai<br />
iyavn Sen zeda da yovelTa saxlisa Senisa krebulTa qristes mier~.<br />
samoeli auwyebs sabanisZes, rom misTvis cnobilia am ukanasknelis RvTismoSiSeba da ganswavluloba:<br />
`Cven TviT uwyiT wadierebai Seni RmrTismsaxurebisaTvis da RmrTivmimadlebuli Seni<br />
mecnierebai (codna) saRmrToTa wignTa da gulsmodgineba Seni keTilTa saqmeTa moRvawebisaTvis.<br />
Sen TviT uwyi sanatrelisa amis axlisa mowamisa haboisi, romeli dReTa amaT CvenTa imartvila meoxad<br />
qristes mimarT Cvenda da yovlisa amis soflisa Cvenisa qarTlisaTvis.~<br />
kaTalikosi iovanes moagonebs imxanad wamebuli habos Rvawls da ubrZanebs sabanisZes: `mnebavs,<br />
raiTa daiweros sanatrelisa amisca martvilobai, viTarca pirvelTa maT qristes mowameTai,<br />
da daidvas igica wmidasa kaTolike eklesiasa Sina mosaxsenebelad yovelTa, vin iyvnen Semdgomad<br />
Cvensa.~<br />
epistole xsarTan mRvdlis xeliT aaxla samoelma iovanes.<br />
kaTalikosma daloca, jvari gadaswera, yovladwminda samebis, RvTismSoblis, wmida mociqulTa<br />
da mowameTa Sewevna usurva sabanisZes da sTxova: `xel yav gamoTqmad sruliad WeSmaritad, viTar<br />
igi iyo da viTarca Sen TviT uwyi, da aRwere martvilobai wmidisa mowamisa haboisi da aRwerili<br />
Cven mogviZRvane, raiTa umetesad locva vyoT SenTvis. madli uflisa iyavn Sen zeda, amen!~<br />
sapasuxo epistoleSi sabanisZe madls swiravs qristes, romelmac ar ugulebelyo misi simdable<br />
da kaTalikosis arCevani masze SeaCera. icis, rom samoelis brZanebis aRsruleba saukuno<br />
didebas moupovebs: `sargebel da nayof sulisa da siqadul da sixarul xorcTa meqmnebis me saukunod<br />
mimarT da sofelsaca amas.~<br />
kaTalikoss auwyebs iovane, rom epistoles didad Seufiqrianebia _ verc urCobas bedavs, verc<br />
Tanxmobis micemas: `mZime ars Cemda orkerZove: ukeTu urC veqmne brZanebasa Tqvensa, weril ars _<br />
Svili urCi warsawymedelsa mieceso; da Tu viswrafo morCilebad, misTvisca ityvis _ udaressa<br />
Sensa nu gamoeZiebo da uZlieressa Sensa nu ganikiTxavo... SiSman da zrunvaman Semipyra me da SeSfoTna<br />
gonebai Cemi da daveci da movakldi mecnierebisagan.~<br />
sabolood, morCileba arCia, locviTa da pirjvris gardasaxviT ganZlierebulma. solomonis<br />
sibrZnes erwmuna: `hbaZevd jinWvelsa, medgaro, da iqmen muSak msgavs misa, viTarca-igi man Tvissa<br />
udidessa marcvalsa mas ifqlisasa Sebma uyvis gulsmodgined, vidremdis aRiRis da wariRis sazrdelad<br />
Tvisa.~<br />
locviT ganZlierebuli, auwyebs samoels: `gulsmodgine viqmen uZlieresTa CemTa aRebad. da<br />
wadierebai gulisa Cemisai aRavso ufalman. da aRvwere uRirsisagan gonebisa Cemisa Semokrebuli<br />
martvilobai WeSmariti da utyueli.~<br />
RmerTs evedreba sabanisZe, kaTalikosisa da mkiTxvelisaTvis `saTno iyos~ misi uRirsi naRvawi.<br />
sabanisZe eriskacia, namdvili mamuliSvili, romelic bibliuri winaswarmetyveliviT mkacria<br />
erovnuli tragediis mxilebisas:<br />
`momipyreniT saCinoni ege sasmenelni Tqvenni da ufroisRa sacnobelni ege yurni gulisa da<br />
gonebisa Tqvenisani ganhmarteniT smenad da maspinZel eqmneniT sityuaTa amaT CemTa, rameTu qristesTvis<br />
arian da sanatrelTa misTa mowameTaTvis. SeiwynareT karavsa gvamisa Tqvenisasa da savane<br />
ganumzadeT, rameTu ufalsa hnebavs damkvidrebad asoTa Sina TqvenTa...<br />
Jamsa meSvidesa darsa zeda vdgaT... mravalni scTebodian da mravalTa acTunebden... sicocxlisa<br />
amis moZRvrebasa (qristianobas) ara Tavsidebden... WeSmaritebisagan sasmenelni gare miiqcinen<br />
da zRaprebsa mieqcen...<br />
varT yuresa amas qveyanisasa... xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinaresRa Sjuldebul madliTa naTlis-<br />
RebisaiTa...<br />
17
naSobni qristeaneTani gardagvlarZnes _ romelnime mZlavrebiT, romelnime SetyuviliT,<br />
romelnime siyrmesa Sina umecrebiT, romelnime mzakvarebiT... naklulevanebiTa da siglaxakiTa<br />
Sekrulni SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa, (damviwyebelni)<br />
Cveulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa.~<br />
saRmrTo saxelebi da maTi ganmartebebi saxarebaSi, winaswarmetyvelTa wignebsa da mociqulTa<br />
qadagebebSi amoukrebia sabanisZes, Rrmad darwmunebuls imaSi, rom `ueWveli sarwmunoebai saunje<br />
did ars morwmuneTaTvis.~<br />
sabanisZe amayobs, rom qristianuli mrwamsi mxolod bizantielT(`berZenT~) ki ara, qarTvelTac<br />
aqvT da rom saqarTvelo qarTvel da ucxo qveynebidan mosul wmindanTa samkvidroa: `ara xolo Tu<br />
berZenTa sarwmunoeba RmrTisamieri moipoves, aramed Cvenca, SorielTa amaT mkvidrTa... qarTlisaca<br />
mkvidrTa aqvs sarwmunoebai da wodebul ars dedad wmidaTa, romelTame TviT aqa mkvidrTa da<br />
romelTame ucxoTa.~<br />
Txzulebis meoTxe Tavi qarTuli himnografiis (sasuliero poeziis) erT-erTi yvelaze adreuli<br />
nimuSia. amdenad, sabanisZe ara mxolod brwyinvale hagiografad, didebul himnografadac<br />
gvevlineba.<br />
wmindanisadmi aRvlenil sagalobelSi sabanisZe mimarTavs abos: `aRverieniT ersa ucxosa, sjuliTa<br />
gandgomilsa qristesgan... viswaveniT saqmeni maTni... (viyvneniT) viTarca usasoni qristesgan<br />
da damviwyebelni saukunoisa cxorebisani. xolo aw Sen mier mogveaxla qriste da Cven gulisxma<br />
vyavT kvalad SiSi misi da siyvaruli misi... viTarca kravi umankoi Seiwire Semwvari cecxliTa...<br />
qristeman ismaitelTa Soris, viTarca vardi ekalTagan, gamogarCia... Sen, veluri ege zeTisxili,<br />
mogiRo qristeman. axali ege qristes morwmune moZRvar Cvenda iqmen...~<br />
`habos wamebis~ personaJebi<br />
`kravi umankoi, Semwuari cecxliTa~ (habo)<br />
`naSobni qristeaneTani gardagvlarZnes _ romelnime mZlavrebiT, romelnime SetyuviliT,<br />
romelnime siyrmesa Sina umecrebiT, romelnime mzakvarebiT... naklulevanebiTa da siglaxakiT<br />
Sekrulni... SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa, (damviwyebelni)<br />
Cveulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa~...<br />
swored aseT Jams gamoCnda `axovnad~ habo, arabi Wabuki, `ucxoi, ucxoiTa sjuliTa movida da<br />
qristesa, RmerTsa Cvensa Seemecna... gvirgvinosan yo eklesiai~, wamebulis gvirgvinma gananaTla.<br />
habos Rvawlma gularZnilni da rwmenaSeryeulni eklesiisaken Semoabruna, amao gancxromisaTvis<br />
zurgi aqcevina da RvTis sityvaze daafiqra. martvilTa Semwynarebelni Tavad RmerTs iwynareben.<br />
martvilTa Rvawlis gacnobierebiT, eklesiaSi SekrebiT, saRmrToze fiqriT Wabukni ganmtkicdebian,<br />
moxucni ganmxnevdebian, iwyeben svlas maradiuli uflisken, romelmac `kacsa dacemulsa<br />
zecad aRuwoda...`qarTlisaca mkvidrTa aqvs sarwmunoebai da wodebul ars dedad wmidaTa,<br />
romelTame TviT aqa mkvidrTa da romelTame ucxoTa.~<br />
`ucxo~ habo baRdadis cixidan gaTavisuflebul nerse erisTavs Camohyva saqarTveloSi. `ese na-<br />
Sobi iyo abrameani, ZeTagan ismaelisTa, tomisagan sarkinozTaisa... arca xarWisagan naSobi, aramed<br />
yovladve arabielTa Tesli, mamulad da dedulad... ese iyo yrma, Wabuk viTar aTrvametis wlis,<br />
gina uknineis _ aCvidmetis wlis... igi iyo xelovan, keTilad Semzavebel sulnelTa maT sacxebelTa.<br />
da swavlul iyo mwignobrebiTa sarkinozTaiTa.~<br />
habos mSoblebi da da-Zmani baRdadSi cxovrobdnen.<br />
qarTlSi wamosvla menelsacxeble Wabukma gadawyvita `ara Tu TvisiT gonebiT, aramed wamisyofiTa<br />
RmrTisamieriTa~, rogorc bibliuri abraami gaiyvana ufalma qaldevelTa qveynidan<br />
aRTqmuli miwis dasamkvidreblad. da haboc xom abraamis STamomavali iyo!<br />
habo `warmovida aqa nerseis Tana mgzavr qristes siyvarulisaTvis.~<br />
qarTlSi Camosuli, nersesTan `cxondeboda~ (cxovrobda). saTnoebiT Tavi Seayvara yvelas, qar-<br />
Tuli `mwignobrebis~ (wera-kiTxvis) Seswavla ganizraxa, `iwyo swavlad wmidaTa saRmrToTa wignTa<br />
Zvelisa da axlisa SjulisaTa, rameTu ufali mecnier hyofda mas.~<br />
wmida eklesiaSi ismenda saxarebas, sawinaswarmetyvelos. kiTxulobda, swavlobda, sirTule<br />
aRmosakiTxvelisa guls ki ar ucruebda, `mizez swavlisa~ eqmneboda.<br />
`srul iqmna yovliTa moZRvrebiTa~. uaryo rjuli mahmadisi, Seiyvara qriste yovliTa guliTa,<br />
magram `ver ganicxadebda Tavsa Tvissa sruliad qristeaned, xolo (mxolod) farulad imarxavn da<br />
ilocavn qristes mimarT~. krZalul alags eZebda, raTa monaTluliyo _ qarTlis mpyrobeli sarkinozebisa<br />
eSinoda.<br />
rodesac nerses kvlav daemuqra baRdadis cixis tyveoba, erismTavarma, ovseTis karis (darialis)<br />
gavliT, samasi mxlebliTurT miaSura xazareTs. mxlebelTa Soris iyo haboc.<br />
18
Tvistomni rom Sors daigula, habom `iswrafa miaxlebad qristesa da naTel iRo saxeliTa<br />
mamisaiTa da ZisaiTa da sulisa wmidisaiTaOxeliTa patiosanTa mRdelTaiTa~. iwyo daubrkolebeli<br />
locva da marxva.<br />
mcire xnis Semdeg nerse, mxleblebiTurT, gadavida afxazeTSi (dasavleT saqarTveloSi), sadac<br />
winaswarve gaexizna ojaxi, radgan `krZalul iyo qveyanai igi SiSisagan sarkinozTaisa~.<br />
xazareTidan afxazeTisaken samTviani mgzavrobisas habo ganuwyvetliv loculobda, marxulobda,<br />
galobda fsalmunebs.<br />
rodesac afxazeTis mTavarma gaqristianebuli habos Sesaxeb Seityo, gaxarebulma, ixmo Wabuki,<br />
episkopossa da mRvdlebTan erTad akurTxa da anugeSa, ucxos mtkice rwmeniT gancvifrebulma.<br />
afxazeTis mxilveli, RmerTs `hmadlobda habo, rameTu ixila man qveyanai igi savsei qristes<br />
sarwmunoebiTa da aravin urwmunoTagani mkvidrad ipovebis sazRvarTa maTTa.~ aq ixila arabma<br />
adgilobriv mkvidrTa `gardametebuli RmrTismoyvarebai, locvai daucadebeli~, Tavadac aRivso<br />
saRmrTo SuriT. rogorc mociquli ambobs, `keTil ars baZvai keTilisaTvis.~<br />
Cvidmet ianvars, wmida mama antonis xsenebis dRes, `aRiRo Sromai ficxeli, dumiliTa da marxviT<br />
moauZlurebda igi xorcTa maT siWabukisa TvisisaTa~ (ixsenebda uflis ormocdRian locvasa<br />
da marxvas udabnoSi).<br />
sam Tves marxulobda da mdumarebda, mxolod kviriakes (kviradRes) miiRebda wmida saidumlos<br />
_ sisxlsa da xorcs qristesi (pursa da Rvinos). aRvsebis (aRdgomis) dResaswaulis SemdegRa `ganxsna<br />
ena... da adidebda RmerTsa.~<br />
qarTlis erismTavrad nerses diswulis, stefanozis, daniSvnis Semdeg gaxarebuli nerse<br />
tfiliss dabrunda.<br />
gamomgzavrebamdis netari habo afxazeTis mTavarma ixmo, daariga, nu ganxval qarTls, bunebiT<br />
(dabadebiT) sarkinozs mahmadianni ar dagindoben, Zvel sarwmunoebaze mogaqceven, esoden Sromas<br />
warwymedo.<br />
habom RvTismsaxur mefes miugo:<br />
`Semiwynara me qristeman da ganmaSora Cemgan bneli igi pirvelisa mis umecrebisa Cemisa da Rirs<br />
myo me naTelsa mas missa, arasada uvar vyo me saxeli misi. daRaTu bevreuli oqroisa da vecxlisai<br />
momcen me, ... ver ganmaSoron me siyvarulsa uflisa Cemisasa... rai madli ars yofai Cemi aqa, sada<br />
ara ars SiSi, arca sikvdili qristesTvis... raisTvis davfaro WeSmariti ese naTeli, romliTa ganmanaTla<br />
me qristeman... ara meSinis me sikvdilisagan, rameTu me sasufevelsa veZieb qristesgan,~<br />
anTebul sanTels arvin dgamso xvimirqveS.<br />
habo nersesTan erTad Camovida tfiliss, `iqceoda igi gancxadebulad qristeaned~. arabTagan<br />
zogi sayvedurobda, zogi aginebda, zogi aSinebda, zogi sdevnida, zogic mSvidi sityviT upirebda<br />
gadabirebas.<br />
ganmtkicebuli habo verafriT gadaibires, sam weliwads tfilissa da maxlobel soflebSi Tavisuflad<br />
mimodioda, magram vera daakles ra, rameTu `arRa mowevnul iyo Jami misi.~<br />
qristianni mfarvelobdnen, sazrdeliTa da samosiT uzrunvelyofdnen.<br />
habos wamebis Jams qarTlis erismTavari iyo stefanoz gurgenis Ze, kaTalikosi _ samoeli,<br />
bizantiis imperatori _ konstantine leonis Ze, sarkinozTa xalifa _ mose amira mumni, mahdis Ze.<br />
dasabamiT gardasuliyo 6389 weli.<br />
habo Seipyres, miiyvanes tfilisis amirasTan, romelmac `qristes aRsarebisaTvis~ sapyrobileSi<br />
Caagdebina. ramdenime dRis Semdeg, stefanoz erismTavris TxovniT, Wabuki ganaTavisufles.<br />
kvlav aRiZrnen `Semasmenelni~. tfilisSi axali amira Semosuliyo. swored masTan daabezRes<br />
habo da bunebiT sarkinozis samagaliTod dasja iTxoves, raTa sxvaTac ar miebaZaT gaqristianebuli<br />
arabisaTvis.<br />
es qristianebma Seityves da gaafrTxiles Wabuki. habom keTilismsurvelT miugo: `me ara xolo<br />
tanjvad ganmzadebul var qristesTvis, aramed sikudidca.~ kvlavac `gancxadebulad~ iqceoda.<br />
arabebma Seipyres da amiras miuyvanes.<br />
hkiTxa msajulma mizezi `mamuli Sjulis datevebisa da qristianeTa Tana SecTomisa~. uflis<br />
nebiT ganZlierebulma, habom miugo, rom RmerTma `gamoirCia~ naTesavTa Soris: `dauteve me pirveli<br />
igi kacTa xelovnebiTa SeTxzuli Sjuli... da aw Seudeg me WeSmaritsa qristes mier momadlebulsa<br />
sarwmunoebasa.~<br />
msajulma `sicofisa ganzraxvis~ dateveba ubrZana da daarwmuna, Tu `naklulevanebisaTvis~<br />
(siRaribis) gamo gaqristianebulxar, niWiTa (saCuqrebiT) da pativiT axlave uzrunvelgyofo.<br />
netarma miugo: `oqroi da vecxli Seni Sen Tanave iyavn warsawymedelad Tavisa Senisa. me pativsa<br />
kacTagan ara veZieb, rameTu maqvs me niWi qristesmieri... pativi saukunoi caTa Sina.~<br />
borkildadebuli habo sapyrobileSi Caagdes. igi madls swiravda RmerTs, rom misTvis gankiTxvis<br />
Rirsad cno.<br />
es moxda 27 dekembers, wmida stefanes moxseniebis dRes.<br />
sapyrobileSi myofi, habo marxulobda, loculobda, fsalmunebs galobda dRisiT da RamiT.<br />
19
`ganyidna yoveli, raica aqvnda~, mSier da naklulevan tusaRebs dauriga.<br />
crumoZRvarni sapyrobileSi akiTxavdnen, liqnis sityvebiT mis gadabirebas cdilobdnen. zogi<br />
aSinebda kidec, qriste ver Segeweva, satanjveli SenTvis `awve~ gangvimzadebiao: `rai sargebel<br />
geyos Sen qriste igi Seni?~<br />
netari aras miugebda, `uRarRilod~ (Seusvenebliv) loculobda, fsalmunebda.<br />
saubriT damaSvralT uTxra, rom amaod irjebodnen. sTxova, marto daetovebinaT, raTa uflis<br />
mcnebebze fiqris saSualeba miscemoda.<br />
crumoZRvarni darcxvenilni gamovidnen senakidan.<br />
sapyrobileSi yofnis mecxre dRes habom TanapyrobilT gamoucxada: `xvale ganslvai ars Cemi<br />
xorcTagan da mislvai uflisa Cemisa da RmrTisa iesu qristes Tana~. es Tavad RvTisagan euwya<br />
wmidans.<br />
habom samoseli ganiZarcva, gaayidvina, rom, sanacvlod, kereonebi da sakmeveli eyidaT, misi<br />
sulis saoxad qalaqis eklesiebSi daerigebinaT; mRvdelT Seemudara, elocaT misTvis, raTa sauflo<br />
gzaze ar dabrkolebuliyo, Rirsi gamxdariyo qristes mowamis saxelisa.<br />
naTlisRebis wina Rames habo ganTiadamdis `SeuZrvelad~ idga sakanSi, sanam ori didi sanTeli<br />
`xelTa Sina~ ar daiwva. fsalmunebs galobda: `winaiswar vxedevd ufalsa, winaSe Cemsa ars maradis,<br />
rameTu marjvl Cemsa ars, raiTa ara SeviZra.~<br />
gaTenda paraskevi, naTlisReba, eqvsi (cxrameti) ianvari.<br />
habo ambobda, rom am dRes ufali `STahxda~ mdinare iordaneSi, raTa naTeleRo. veSapi (eSmaki)<br />
RmrTeebiT Semusra... `dRes gardamosvlai ars sulisa wmidisa yovelTa zeda wyalTa.~<br />
netari sulierad ganZlierda: `jer ars, raiTa ganviZarcvo SiSi xorcTa amaT CemTai, romelni<br />
samosel arian sulisa~, CaveSva qalaqSi, rogorc zRvis siRrmeSi, `naTelviRo sisxliTa CemiTa da<br />
cecxliTa da suliTa~.<br />
habos isic niSneulad eCvena, rom naTlisReba paraskevs daemTxva _ ufalma jvarcmisas swored<br />
am dRes daTrguna mteri (eSmaki)...<br />
sikvdilis SiSi ver ganmaSorebso RmerTs, ambobda netari.<br />
piri daibana, zeTi icxo _ es `daflvis (dakrZalvis) nelsacxebeli~ iyo. icoda, rom amieridan<br />
arasodes moswyurdeboda sxva ram sazrdeli: `daRaTu vidodi me Soris aCrdilTa sikvdilisaTa,<br />
ara SemeSinos me borotisagan, rameTu Sen, ufali Tana xar.~<br />
rodesac amiras msaxurni habos wasayvanad movidnen, habom TanapyrobilT sTxova, locvisas<br />
moexseniebinaT.<br />
xel-fexze borkildadebuli, qalaqSi mihyavdaT habo. qristianni mistirodnen. wmidani amSvidebda<br />
TanamgrZnobelT: `nu stirT Cem zeda, aramed gixaroden, rameTu uflisa Cemisa mival.~<br />
habo `viTarca vin mogzaur eqmnis mkvdarsa, egre xedvida Tvissa mas gvamsa~ _ eCveneboda,<br />
TiTqos Tavadve miasvenebda Tavis cxedars.<br />
asmeTvramete fsalmuns galobda: `netar arian ubiwoni gzasa, romelni vlenan rjulsa uflisasa~.<br />
jvarcmuli avazakis sityvebic gaixsena uflisadmi: `momixsene me, ufalo, odes moxvide sufeviTa<br />
SeniTa.~<br />
amiras samkvidrebelTan misulma, kadnierad gardasaxa jvari kars, pirjvari gadaiwera Tavadac.<br />
suliwmidiT aRvsebulma amiras kiTxvas, `ara dagitevebies sicofei da ugunurebai~, miugo,<br />
ugunuri rom vyofiliyav, ar gavqristiandebodio.<br />
mag sityvaTa gamo sikvdili geliso, daemuqra msajuli. pasuxad miugo Wabukma: `ukeTu movkvde,<br />
mrwams me, rameTu qristes Tana vcxonde, xolo Sen rasa ganagrZob?... viTarca kedelsa magas,<br />
romelsa miyrnobil xar, egre ara mesmian cudni ege sityuani Senni, rameTu gonebai Cemi qristes<br />
Tana ars zecas.~<br />
msajulma hkiTxa, egodeni ra sitkboeba gaqvso qristesagan, sikvdilisTvisac rom ar gewyalviso<br />
Tavi.<br />
habom upasuxa, irwmune, naTeliRe da gaigebo.<br />
ganrisxebulma amiram habosTvis Tavis mokveTa brZana. msaxurebma sasaxlis ezoSi gamoiyvanes<br />
Wabuki, romelmac tansacmeli SemoiZarcva, pirjvari gadaiwera da madloba Seswira RmerTs, rom<br />
wamebis `Rirs yo~.<br />
wmidanma `moudrika qedi Tvisi maxvilsa.~<br />
samjer mouqnies xmali, fiqrobdnen, SeeSindeba da uaryofs qristes sjulso, magram netari<br />
`mxned miiTvalvida maxvilsa.~<br />
mxnedve miabara suli ufals.<br />
moTminebiT sZlia urwmunoTa `siborgiles~. SuriT aRvsilni, amirasTan Sevidnen, habos gvami<br />
gamoiTxoves, raTa daewvaT wmida nawilni da qristianni daeSinebinaT, daeTrgunaT (msajulT isic<br />
moaxsenes, rom wmida nawilT qristianni saswaulmoqmedad miiCneven da sneulTa gankurnebis Zalas<br />
miaweren).<br />
amiras nebarTviT, msaxurebma cxedari gvalagSi (godorSi) Cades, sagodebelTan miitanes. SeSasa<br />
20
da Tivaze dadebul neSTs navTi gadaasxes da dawves, sadilegosTan axlos.<br />
qristianTagan arvis misces miaxloebis ufleba.<br />
wmidanis damwvari Zvlebi mtkiced gamokres cxvris tyavSi da mtkvarSi, xidqveS, Cayares. netaris<br />
saflavad wylis siRrme iqca.<br />
qalaqis qristianulma mosaxleobam ganagdo `SiSi mZlavrTai~ da wamebis alagisaken daiZra _<br />
cremliT, sanTel-sakmevliT. sneulni ikurnebodnen.<br />
ufalma pativi miago wmidans `sakvirveli saswauliT~:<br />
Ramis pirvel Jams (saaTze) caze gamobrwyinda moelvare varskvlavi, `viTarca lampari cecxlisai~,<br />
elvasaviT manaTobeli. mwirni, qristianni, arabni mzerdnen naTebas. msajulis msaxurT<br />
Suqi qristianTa sanTlebisa egonaT, magram, rodesac zeaRmavali mnaTobi ixiles, saRmrTo SiSiT<br />
SeZrwundnen.<br />
meore Rames wyalma gamosca gansakvirvebeli naTeli, romelic verc mdinaris amRelvarebiT<br />
daSrites. klde gaanaTa siRrmidan amobrwyinebulma svetma.<br />
yvelam irwmuna, rom habo uflis wmidani iyo. aRsrulda sityva Zisa: `Tu me vinme mmsaxurebdes,<br />
pativ sces mas mamaman Cemman, romel ars caTa Sina.~<br />
Tu xrwnad xorcs esodeni pativi miego, raodeni miegeba wmidans mkvdreTiT aRdgomisas! `patiosan<br />
ars winaSe uflisa sikvdili wmidaTa misTai.~<br />
iovane sabanisZe qarTlis qristianTa meoxad uxmobs habos, meaTerTmete Jamis muSakad, mociqul<br />
pavles amsgavsebs ( pavlemac uaryo `mamuli Sjuli~ da gaqristianda).<br />
sabanisZis azriT, mas ar ZaluZs habos sakadrisi xotbis aRvlena da mxolod `msgavsad Zalisa<br />
Tvisisa~ ganadidebs. uflis marjvniv jvarcmul avazaks amsgavsebs, romelmac rwmeniT moipova<br />
sasufeveli, jvriT ganaRo kari samoTxisa da mcvelma qerubimma vera hkiTxa, vina xaro. uflis<br />
siyvaruliT dasTxia sisxli.<br />
moavlina ufalma habo gardagularZnilTa gansaZliereblad da saxsnelad Jams, rodesac `aRverieniT<br />
ersa ucxosa, SjuliTa gandgomilsa qristesgan... viswaveniT saqmeni maTni... (viqceodiT),<br />
viTarca usasoni qristesgan da damviwyebelni saukunoisa cxorebisani, xolo aw Sen mier mogveaxla<br />
qriste da Cven gulisxma vyavT kvalad SiSi misi da siyvaruli misi... viTarca kravi umankoi, Seiwire<br />
Semwvari cecxliTa...<br />
nefsiT (nebiT) simdable qristesTvis aRirCie, maxviliTa pyrobili igi Sjuli ganagde da WeSmariti<br />
igi aRiare.~<br />
ugunurma mawameblebma wamebiT ganadides da ganabrwyines habo, yvelasaTvis ucnobi didebiT<br />
warmoaCines.<br />
habos damwvari xorcis surneleba sakmevlis surnels emsgavsa.<br />
miwa abelis, enuqis, abraamis, elias msgavsad, sakurTxevlad eqca.<br />
mdinaris siRrmis sibnele ufalma zeciuri naTeliT ganubrwyina. sabanisZe mimarTavs habos:<br />
`qristeman ismaitelTa Soris, viTarca vardi ekalTagan, gamogarCia... Sen, veluri ege zeTisxili,<br />
mogiRo qristeman... axali ege qristes morwmune moZRvar Cvenda iqmen...~<br />
Seryeulni ganmtkicdnen, ganmtkicebulni ganmxiaruldnen, swavlulni ufro gagulisxmierdnen.<br />
wmidans evedreba sabanisZe, meox eyos uflis winaSe morwmuneT, romelnic wyalobas iTxoven<br />
samebisagan.<br />
nerse erismTavari<br />
qarTul matianeebSi minisluli nerse erisTavi iovane sabanisZis `habos wamebaSi~ warmoCndeba<br />
(misi saxeli, rogorc grigol xanZTelis aRmzrdelisa, `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSic~ gakrTeba).<br />
`habos wamebis~ meore TavSi vkiTxulobT:<br />
qarTlis erismTavari nerse, Ze adarnese kurapalatisa, mowodebul iqmna (ixmes, daibares) `qveynad<br />
babilovnisa~ _ arabeTis xalifatis dedaqalaq baRdadSi xalifasTan _ amira mumni abdilasTan,<br />
romelmac erisTavi `SesmeniTa borotTa kacTaiTa~ sapyrobileSi Caagdo.<br />
`dampyrobeli dapyrobil qveyanaSi spobs moazrovneebs, moralur pirovnebebs da amoativtivebs<br />
uRirsebs, salaxanebs. maTve SeaWmevinebs eris saukeTeso Svilebs. eri rCeba TavwakveTili,<br />
upatrono, aRar hyavs inteleqtualuri da moraluri elita, romelic zrdis ers da uZRveba mas~<br />
(revaz baramiZe, narkvevebi qarTuli mwerlobis istoriidan, Tb., 1990, gv. 56).<br />
sami wlis Semdeg, uflis nebiT, amira mumni abdila gardaicvala, da, mis wil, misi Ze, mahdi,<br />
gamefda. mowyale RmerTma axal mbrZanebels nerses gaTavisufleba Caagona.<br />
mahdim `gamoiyvana igi mwarisa misgan sapyrobilisa~ da erismTavradve daabruna samSobloSi.<br />
`nerseis Tana mgzavr qristes siyvarulisaTvis~ qarTlSi wamovida arabi menelsacxeble, Cvidmet-Tvrameti<br />
wlis Wabuki, habo. tfilisSi nersesTanve `cxondeboda~ (cxovrobda).<br />
garkveuli drois Semdeg, xalifa (albaT, isev `borot kacTa SesmeniT~) kvlav ganurisxda er-<br />
21
ismTavars. `da ivltoda igi (nerse), rameTu sastikad hbrZodes mas sarkinozTa eri~ (rasakvirvelia,<br />
erovnuli cnobierebis gamo).<br />
`ufalman daicva igi xelTagan maTTa~. nersem uxifaTod ganvlo ovseTis kari (dariali) samasi<br />
mxlebliTurT, romelTa Soris sarkinozi Wabukic eria. nerse, `vltolvili qveyaniT TvisiT~, gadavida<br />
xazareTSi(albaT, sarkinozTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi politikuri mokavSiris povnis imediT).<br />
ewvia samkvidros `ZeTa magogisTa, romel arian xazarni, kac velur, saSinel piriTa, mxecis buneba,<br />
sisxlis mWamel, romelTa Sjuli ara aqvs, garna RmerTi xolo Semoqmedi ician.~<br />
xazarTa xakanma (mTavarma) nerse Seiwynara `ucxoebisaTvis da vltolvilebisaTvis,~ misca masa<br />
da mis mxleblebs sazrdeli da samoseli.<br />
netari habo xazareTSi moinaTla da `Seeyo marxvasa da locvasa daubrkolebelad.~<br />
mcire xnis Semdeg nersem xazarTa xakanisagan afxazeTs (dasavleT saqarTvelos) wasvlis nebarTva<br />
iTxova.<br />
afxazeTs erismTavars winaswar gaexizna deda, col-Svili, moyvasni, `rameTu krZalul iyo<br />
qveyanai igi SiSisagan sarkinozTaisa~.<br />
xazarTa xakanma (romelsac sabanisZe `mefed~ moixseniebs) `ganuteva nerse mravliTa niWiTa.~<br />
nerses amala samTvian gzas daadga xazareTidan afxazeTisaken. afxazeTis mTavarma (leon II)<br />
`Seiwynara nerse yovliT eriT misiTurT~.<br />
ixiles ra erTmaneTi, nerses ojaxis wevrebma madli Seswires RmerTs `cocxlebiT da mSvidobiT<br />
Sekrebisa maTisaTvis.~<br />
afxazeTSi ixila habom `kacTa mis adgilisaTa gardametebuli RmrTismoyvarebai da locvai<br />
yovlisa mis erisa daucadebeli~. Tavadac aRivso `saRmrTo SuriT.~<br />
uflis nebiT, mahdi amira mumnma qarTlis erismTavrad baRdadidan warmoavlina stefanozi,<br />
gurgen erisTavis Ze, nerses diswuli, `nacvlad dedis Zmisa Tvisisa nerseisa.~<br />
`mxiarul iqmna nerse, rameTu uflebai igi saxlisa misisagan ara ganaSora ufalman~, iswrafa<br />
qarTls dabruneba, amirasagan usafrTxoebis piroba iTxova, raTa `warmovides xsnilad yovliT<br />
eriT misiTurT.~<br />
afxazeTis mTavari amaod emudareboda habos, darCeniliyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi, raTa<br />
`esodeni Sroma ar warewymida~.<br />
habo gamovida `nerseis Tana qveynad qarTld~.<br />
nerse erisTavs ixseniebs giorgi merCule `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~, rogorc erT-erT<br />
aRmzrdels grigolisa.<br />
merCule wers grigolis Sesaxeb: `ese iyo Svili warCinebulTa didebulTa da marTlmorwmuneTa<br />
mama-dedaTai da saxlsa Sina sameufosa didisa nerse erisTavisasa aRzrdil iyo xeliTa keTilad<br />
msaxurisa dedoflisa _ nerses colisaiTa, romelsaca eSvila, rameTu iyoca Zmiswuli misi~.<br />
swored nerses karze miiRo xanZTelma ubrwyinvalesi ganaTleba: `mswrafl xolo daiswavla daviTi<br />
da xmiTa saswavleli swavlai saeklesioi, samoZRuroY . qarTulsa enasa Sina yoveli daiswavla<br />
da mwignobrobaica iswava mravalTa enaTai da saRmrToni wignni zepiriT moiwvarTna... sibrZneca<br />
igi amis soflisa filosofosTai iswava keTilad...~<br />
nerse ara mxolod Tavad iyo didebuli mamuliSvili, man sakuTar ojaxSi aRzarda `friadi<br />
qarTlis~ mesaZirkvle _ grigol xanZTeli.<br />
`TvaldaTval unda daibrunos nerse erismTavarma qarTul istoriul galereaSi Tavisi adgili,<br />
uflisagan rom ganesazRvra, magram bedis ukuRmarTobam lamis daviwyebis mdinares gaatana~<br />
(rostom CxeiZe, erovnuli sulis anabeWdebi, `literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 15-22 seqtemberi, 1995,<br />
gv. 12).<br />
arabi amira (msajuli)<br />
qarTlis (aRm. saqarTvelos) faqtobrivi gamgebeli VIII s-is miwurulis saqarTveloSi aris arabeTis<br />
xalifas nacvali _ amira (murvan yrus laSqrobis (735-736) Semdeg).<br />
arsebobs erismTavris institutic. `habos wamebis~ teqstis mixedviT, erismTavari jer nersea,<br />
Ze adarnese kurapalatisa, Semdeg _ nersesave diswuli, stefanozi, Ze gurgen erisTavisa. (xarobs<br />
nerse: `uflebai igi saxlisa misisagan ara ganaSora ufalman~ _ es ufleba nominaluria _ sakmarisia,<br />
erismTavarma erovnuli interesebis dacva ganizraxos (rac, bunebrivia, ewinaaRmdegeba arabTa<br />
interesebs), `SesmeniTa borotTa kacTaiTa~ baRdadis cixeSi ganaweseben, an aiZuleben, datovos<br />
qarTli...<br />
mefoba jer kidev sparselebma gaauqmes qarTlSi VI saukuneSi, tfilisSi iranis Sahis nacvali<br />
_ marzpani dasves.<br />
rodesac VII saukunidan sparselebs arabebi Seenacvlnen, marzpanis instituti amiras institutma<br />
Secvala.<br />
22
iseve, rogorc marzpani sparseTis Sahis, amira _ arabeTis xalifas interesebis gamtarebeli<br />
iyo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (dasavleT saqarTveloze am dros bizantiis gavlena vrceldeba).<br />
teqstSi aris terminologiuri aRreva: nacvlad `abdila amira mumnisa~ da `mahdi amira mumnisa~<br />
unda iyos `abdila xalifa mumni~ da `mahdi xalifa mumni~ _ baRdadSi ijda arabeTis xalifa, da ara<br />
amira, romelic iyo xalifas nacvali xalifatis mier dapyrobil regionebSi.<br />
Tuki dasavleT saqarTvelo (afxazeTi) aris `qveyana savsei qristes sarwmunoebiTa da aravin<br />
urwmunoTagani mkvidrad ipovebis sazRvarTa maTTa,~ qarTlSi sarkinozebi boginoben. tfiliseli<br />
arabni, romelnic gaqristianebamdis icnobdnen habos, mZvinvareben: `romelnime hyvedrides,<br />
romelnime aginebdes, romelnime aSinebdes, romelnime sdevnides, romelnime mSvidobisa sityviTa<br />
Seajerebdes.~<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom arabni gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT uswordebodnen rjulSecvlil Tanamememuleebs,<br />
maSin, rodesac `bunebiT~ (dabadebidan) qristianebTan SedarebiT mSvidi urTierToba hqondaT.<br />
tfilisis amira uzenaesi msajulis rols asrulebda.<br />
(sainteresoa, rom konstruqciaSi `SesmeniTa borotTa kacTaiTa,~ romelic nerses miemarTeba,<br />
sityva `Semasmenelni~ (iseve, rogorc abos dambezReblebTan mimarTebiT) ar akonkretebs damsmenTa<br />
erovnebas _ damsmeni SeiZleba yofiliyo rogorc nerses mamuliSvilobiT gaRizianebuli, habos<br />
gaqristianebiT Seuracxyofili mahmadiani arabi, aseve, sulgayiduli, moRalate qarTvelic).<br />
arabi amira, romelmac `qristes aRsarebisaTvis~ habo sapyrobileSi Caagdo, arcTu mkacri Cans,<br />
radgan Wabukis gaTavisuflebisaTvis stefanoz erismTavris Txovnam ikmara.<br />
rogorc ki `sxvai msajuli amirai~ Semovida tfilisSi, aRborgebuli `Semasmenelni~ kvlav aRiZrnen.<br />
aq ukve konkretdeba, rom eseni arabebi arian. mkacria maTi ganaCeni, ufro ultimatums hgavs,<br />
amirasaTvis wayenebuls: `ars qalaqsa amas Sina Wabuki erTi, romeli iyo bunebiT sarkinoz da ganzrdil<br />
da cxorebul SjuliTa miT, romeli momca Cven mahmed, mociqulman Cvenman. da aw dautevebies<br />
Sjuli ese Cveni da ityvis Tavsa Tvissa qristeanad da uSiSad vals qalaqsa Sina da mravalTa<br />
aswavebs CvenganTa qristeane yofad. aw brZane Sepyrobai misi da Seagde igi satanjvelsa da gvemasa,<br />
vidremdis ara aRiaros Sjuli mahmed mociqulisa Cvenisai. ukeTu ara, mokvedin igi, raiTa ara<br />
mobaZav iqmnen misa mravalni.~<br />
msajulis msaxurebma Sepyrobili habo amiras mihgvares. hkiTxa sarkinozma: `xar Sen naTesaviT<br />
da tomiT sarkinoz da dagitevebies mamuli Sjuli da qristianeTa Tana SecTomil xar? aw<br />
ganemzade da iloce SjuliTa miT, romelTa gangzardes mSobelTa SenTa!~<br />
uflis nebiT ganZlierebulma Wabukma kadnierad miugo Tanamemamules: `var me bunebiT sarkinoz,<br />
Sobilve mas Sina mamulad da dedulad. ganswavlul viyav SjuliTa miT mahmedisiTa da vcxondebode<br />
mas Sina, vidre umecrebasa Sina viyav. xolo odes saTno iyo RmerTman, romelmac gamomirCia<br />
me ZmaTa da naTesavTa Soris CemTa da mixsna me iesu qristes mier, Zisa misisa da RmrTisa<br />
Cemisa, da gulisxma miyo me umjobesi igi keTili, maSin dauteve me pirveli igi kacTa xelovnebiTa<br />
SeTxzuli Sjuli da zRaprobisa sibrZniTa RonisZiebuli rwmunebai da aw Seudeg me WeSmaritsa<br />
qristes mier momadlebulsa sarwmunoebasa samebisa wmidisasa.~<br />
msajulma, romlis winaSec kadnierad Seuracxyves mahmadis Sjuli, ubrZana habos: `dauteve sicofisa<br />
ege ganzraxvai da, ukeTu naklulevanebisa SenisaTvis Sedgomil xar qristeanTa, me ufroY<br />
sRa niWi (saCuqari) da pativi awve migce Sen.~ netarma miugo: `oqroi da vecxli Seni Sen Tanave iyavn<br />
warsawymedelad Tavisa Senisa. me pativsa kacTagan ara veZieb, rameTu maqvs me niWi qristesmieri~.<br />
`msajulisa da abos paeqroba qarTuli polemikuri prozis SesaniSnavi nimuSia. es mcire, ramdenimestriqoniani<br />
pasaJi Sekruli, dasrulebuli antikuri dialogebis msgavsia, TavisTavadi faseulobis<br />
mqone, CvenSi arsebuli oratoruli xelovnebis didi tradiciis naTlad damadasturebelia~<br />
(revaz baramiZe, dakvirvebebi ioane sabanisZis prozaze, wignSi `narkvevebi qarTuli mwerlobis<br />
istoriidan~, Tb., 1990, gv. 41).<br />
msajulis brZanebiT, rkinis borkildadebuli habo sapyrobileSi Caagdes. crumoZRvarni da<br />
Semasmenelni mis gadabirebas cdilobdnen `sityviTa liqnisaiTa~: `rai sargebel geyos Sen qriste<br />
igi Seni... cecxli da satanjveli awve gangvimzadebies SenTvis~...<br />
pasuxad miiRes: `me ufalsa vesav. ganmeSoreniT me, ukeTurno...~<br />
gankiTxvisaTvis ramdenime dRis Semdeg kvlav msajulTan miyvanilma habom kadnierad gardasaxa<br />
jvari amiras kars. suliwmindiT aRvsebuls hkiTxa amiram: `ara dagitevebies sicofei igi da<br />
ugunurebai Seni?~<br />
umecari da ugunuri rom vyofiliyav, RmerTi gaqristianebis Rirss ar gamxdidao, miugo Wabukma.<br />
gakvirvebulma msajulma kvlav hkiTxa, nuTu ver grZnobda, rom amgvari kadnierebisaTvis<br />
sikvdiliT dasjidnen. pasuxad miiRo: `ukeTu movkvde, mrwams me, rameTu qristes Tana vcxonde.<br />
xolo Sen rasa ganagrZob?... viTarca kedelsa magas, romelsa miyrdnobil xar, egre ara mesmian<br />
cudni ege sityvani Senni, rameTu gonebai Cemi qristes Tana ars zecas.~<br />
gancvifrebulma msajulma hkiTxa: `ra egodeni sitkboebai gaqvs qristes Senisagan, romliTa<br />
23
sikvdidca ara gewyalvis Tavi Seni?~<br />
pasuxi kvlav kadnieri iyo: `ukeTu gnebavs cnobad sitkboebai misi, Senca grwmenin qriste da<br />
naTeliRe misa mimarT da maSinRa Rirs iqmne cnobad sitkboebisa misisa.~<br />
gamZvinvarebuli amiras brZanebiT, Tavi mohkveTes habos. netari `mxned miiTvalvida maxvilsa.~<br />
msajulma neba darTo SemasmenelT, romelTa siborgiles habom moTminebiT sZlo, gvami cecxlSi<br />
daewvaT, raTa qristianebs jerovani pativiT ar daekrZalaT wmidani: `davwvaT igi cecxliTa<br />
da ganvaqarvoT igi da aRvxocoT sacTuri qristeaneTai, raiTa ixilon yovelTa da SeeSinos da<br />
romelnime maTganni moiqcen Cvenda, da CvenganTa eSinodes da araRa Seudgen swavlasa qristeane-<br />
Tasa.~<br />
magram saswaulma (moelvare varskvlavma da wylidan amomavalma naTebam) SeaZrwuna sarkinozni,<br />
`Seipyrna igini SiSman saRmrToman.~<br />
sabanisZe sagalobels aRuvlens sarkinozTa zeobis Jams qristesTvis nebiT wamebul habos:<br />
`mefobisa ismaitelTa didebasa Sen nefsiT simdablei qristesTvis aRirCie da maxviliTa pyrobili<br />
igi Sjuli ganagde da WeSmariti aRiare... qristeman ismaitelTa Soris, viTarca vardi ekalTagan<br />
gamogarCia~.<br />
sabanisZe zarebs arisxebs: `aRverieniT ersa ucxosa, SjuliTa gandgomilsa qristesgan, na-<br />
Tesavsa sawuTroisa amis moyvaresa,... sarwmunoebisa Cvenisa maginebelTa, romelTagan viswaveniT<br />
saqmeni maTni da vhmonebdiT gulisTqmasa gulTa CvenTasa mibaZvebiTa maTiTa, viTarca usasoni<br />
qristesgan da damviwyebelni saukunoisa cxorebisani...~<br />
* * *<br />
arabTa religia i s l a m i a (mahmadianoba).<br />
sityva `islami~ arabulad `morCilebas~ niSnavs.<br />
erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli religia msoflioSi warmoiSva VII saukunis I naxevarSi dasavleT<br />
arabeTSi, rasac Sedegad mohyva arabTa politikuri gaerTianeba da maTi samxedro-politikuri<br />
eqspansia arabeTis farglebs gareT, arabeTis saxelmwifos _ xalifatis Seqmna da dapyrobili<br />
qveynebis islamizacia.<br />
islamis damaarseblad da mqadageblad iTvleba mahmadi (muhamedi), romlis saxelidan momdinareobs<br />
termini `mahmadianoba~.<br />
religiis ZiriTadi debulebebi Tavmoyrilia islamis wminda wignSi _ yuranSi.<br />
muslimanis mier rwmenis aRiareba (Sahada) gamoixateba formuliT: `ara ars RmerTi, garda alahisa<br />
da mahmadia misi mociquli~. es formula ar aris yuranSi, magram igi muslimanTa TviTSegnebis<br />
safuZvelia.<br />
garda mahmadisa, islami cnobs bibliur adams, noes, abraams, moses, ieso qristes (mociqulis<br />
rangSi), mariams.<br />
mahmadi ukanaskneli winaswarmetyvelia, romlis Semdeg winaswarmetyveli aravin SeiZleba iyos.<br />
mahmadiani valdebulia, dReSi xuTjer ilocos (namazi). locvis dros mueZini acxadebs. locvisas<br />
muslimani piriT mimarTuli unda iyos qalaq meqis qaabis taZrisaken (yibla). paraskevi muslimanTaTvis<br />
sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxurebis dRea.<br />
aucilebeli mowyaleba (zaqaTi) yuranis mieraa dadgenili.<br />
wminda qalaqis,meqis, molocva (haji) _ aucilebelia cxovrebaSi erTxel mainc maTTvis, visac<br />
amis SesaZlebloba aqvs.<br />
morwmunisaTvis savaldebuloa agreTve brZola sarwmunoebisaTvis, saRvTo omi (jihadi anu<br />
RazavaTi). igi xalifatis dapyrobiTi politikis iaraRi gaxda (qse, t. V, Tb., 1980, gv. 230).<br />
VIII saukunis saqarTvelo iovane sabanisZis `habos wamebis~ mixedviT<br />
samoel kaTalikosis brZanebiT aRwerili `habos wameba~ momaval TaobaTaTvis unda dadebuliyo<br />
taZarSi.<br />
`sruliad WeSmaritad gamoTqmul~ `martvilobas~ qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegneba unda gamoeRviZebina,<br />
gardagularZnilT unda gaecnobierebinaT simaRle da sinaTle qristianuli mrwamsisa,<br />
sarwmunoebisa, romelsac Tavi Seswira agarianma.<br />
saqarTvelos gausaZlis yofas bibliuri winaswarmetyvelis simkacriT, Seulamazeblad aRwers<br />
iovane sabanisZe: `Jamsa meSvidesa darsa zeda vdgaT... mravalni scTebodian da mravalTa acTunebden...<br />
sicocxlisa amis moZRvrebasa (qristianobas) ara Tavsidebdnen... WeSmaritebisagan sasmenelni<br />
gare miiqcinen da zRaprebsa mieqcen...<br />
varT yuresa (kuTxeSi, ganapiras) amas queynisasa... xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinaresRa (ufro<br />
adre) Sjuldebul madliTa naTlisRebisaiTa...<br />
naSobni qristeaneTani gardagvlarZnes (gadagvardnen) _ romelnime mZlavrebiT, romelnime<br />
SetyuviliT, romelnime siyrmesa Sina umecrebiT, romelnime mzakvarebiT... naklulevanebiTa da<br />
24
siglaxakiTa Sekrulni... SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa, (damviwyebelni)<br />
Cveulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa~.<br />
habos Rvawlma rwmenaSeryeuli qarTvelebi eklesiisaken Semoabruna, amao gancxromisaTvis<br />
zurgi aqcevina, RvTis sityvaze daafiqra.<br />
martvilTa Rvawlis gacnobierebiT, eklesiaSi SekrebiT, saRmrToze fiqriT Wabukni ganmtkicdebian,<br />
moxucni ganmxnevdebian, iwyeben svlas maradiuli uflisaken, romelmac `kacsa dacemulsa<br />
zecad aRuwoda~.<br />
sabanisZe xazgasmiT hyveba, rom `ara xolo Tu berZenTa sarwmunoebai RvTisamieri moipoves,<br />
aramed Cvenca, SorielTa amaT mkvidrTa...<br />
qarTlisaca mkvidrTa aqvs sarwmunoeba da wodebul ars dedad wmidaTa (wmidanTa samSoblod),<br />
romelTame TviT aqa mkvidrTa da romelTame ucxoTa~.<br />
qarTlis (aRm. saqarTvelos) zogadi mdgomareobis warmoCenis Semdeg sabanisZe ufro dawvrilebiT<br />
aRwers, akonkretebs ambavs. `habos wameba~ VIIIs. saqarTvelos yofis mxatvrul-literaturuli<br />
matianea.<br />
mwerali-mematiane mogviTxrobs, rom VIIIs-is miwuruls qarTlis erismTavari, nerse, Ze adarnese<br />
kurapalatisa, `SesmeniTa borotTa kacTaiTa~ sarkinozTa xalifam, abdila amira mumnma, mpyrobelma<br />
`babilovnis qveynisa~ (arabeTisa), baRdadis cixeSi Caagdo.<br />
nerse tyveobidan mxolod sami wlis Semdeg gaaTavisufla gardacvlili abdila mumnis vaJma,<br />
mahdim, da kvlav erismTavrad warmogzavna qarTlSi. `warmovida aqa nerseis Tana mgzavr qristes<br />
siyvarulisaTvis.~<br />
garkveuli drois Semdeg arabTa xalifa kvlav ganurisxda nerses (Cans, mamuliSvilma `ar moiSala~<br />
antiarabuli moRvaweoba. teqstSi amis Sesaxeb araferia Tqmuli, magram qveteqstia metyveli).<br />
sarkinozebs ganerida erismTavari, datova qarTli, ganvlo kari `ovseTisa~(darialani) da xazareTs<br />
miaSura (albaT, arabTa winaaRmdeg `Zalis morTvis~ mizniTa da imediT).<br />
sabanisZis Txzuleba mniSvnelovania ara mxolod sakuTriv qarTvelTa, mezobeli xalxebis istoriuli<br />
yofis gaazrebis TvalsazrisiTac.<br />
iovane ase axasiaTebs magogis ZeT (termini bibliuria) _ xazarebs: `arian xazarni kac velur,<br />
saSinel piriTa, mxecisbuneba, sisxlismWamel, romelTa Sjuli ara aqvs, garna RmerTi xolo (mxolod)<br />
Semoqmedi ician.~<br />
miuxedavad am sazari daxasiaTebisa, teqstSi xazgasmulia xazarTa keTilganwyoba qarTvelTa<br />
mimarT _ xakanma (mTavarma) didi pativiT miiRo ltolvilni. Cans, xazarnic Tavis mokavSireebad<br />
miiCnevdnen qarTvelT da samxreT sazRvrebTan arabeTis xalifatis moaxloeba sulac ar siamovnebdaT.<br />
mTavarma sazrdeliTa da samosiT uzrunvelyo nerse, samaskaciani amaliTurT.<br />
Cans, xazarTagan veraviTari qmediTi daxmareba ver miiRo, da nersem mTavars dasavleT saqarTveloSi<br />
_ afxazeTSi gadasvlis nebarTva sTxova.<br />
afxazeTs nerses winaswarve gaexizna ojaxi: deda, col-Svili, moyvareni, `rameTu krZalul<br />
iyo qveyana igi SiSisagan sarkinozTaisa~ _ dasavleT saqarTveloze mahmadianuri arabeTis ki ara,<br />
qristianuli bizantiis (`ionTa mefis~) gavlena vrceldeboda. afxazeTis mTavarma (Semdeg _ mefe<br />
leon meorem) sakadrisi pativiT miiRo aRmosavlelqarTvelni.<br />
sabanisZe iZleva afxazeTis vrcel daxasiaTebas, aRwers das. saqarTvelos geografiul saz-<br />
Rvrebs, kuTxis istoriul-kulturul yofas:<br />
`netari habo ufroisRa hmadlobda RmerTsa, rameTu ixila man qveyanai igi savsei qristes sarwmunoebiTa.<br />
aravin urwmunoTagani mkvidrad ipovebis sazRvarTa maTTa, rameTu sazRvar maTda ars<br />
zRvai igi pontoisai, samkvidrebeli yovladve qristeaneTai, misazRvradmde qaldiaisa, trapezuntiai<br />
mun ars, sayofeli igi afsareaisai da nafsais navTsadguri. da ars qalaqebi igi da adgilebi<br />
sabrZanebelad qristesmsaxurisa ionTa mefisai (igulisxmeba konstantine leonis Ze), romeli mosaydre<br />
ars didsa mas qalaqsa konstantinepolisasa.~<br />
afxazeTis mTavari, episkoposni da mRvdelni gansakuTrebuli pativiT egebebian naTelRebul<br />
sarkinozs, emudarebian, nu `gardava~ qarTls, sadac safrTxe elis. habos pasuxSi naTlad warmoCndeba<br />
afxazeTis yofa: `ra madl ars yofai Cemi aqa, sada ara ars SiSi, arca sikvdili qristesTvis?~<br />
afxazeTi VIII saukunisa aris `qveyanai (saqarTvelos kuTxe) savse qristes sarwmunoebiTa da<br />
aravin urwmunoTagani mkvidrad ipovebis sazRvarTa maTTa. rameTu sazRvar maTda ars zRva igi<br />
pontoisai, samkvidrebeli yovladve qristeaneTai, misazRvradmde qaldiaisa, trapezuntia mun ars,<br />
sayofeli igi afsareaisi (Tanamedrove gonio) da nafsais navsadguri (nikofsia, Tanamedrove tuafse).<br />
e. i., mocemulia das. saqarTvelos sazRvrebi: CrdiloeTiT _ nafsai-nikofsia (simon qananelis<br />
Tavdapirveli dakrZalvis alagi, saidanac mogvianebiT igi anakofiaSi (axal aTonSi) gadmoasvenes);<br />
centri _ sayofeli afsareaisi (gonio) _ saflavi mociqul mataTasi; ukiduresi samxreTiT<br />
_ trapizoni, saidanac kavkasiis gasaqristianeblad svla iwyo uflis upirvelesma mowafem, andria<br />
25
mociqulma.<br />
Tumc, teqstSi dakonkretebuli ar aris, rom geografiuli punqtebi swored simon qanaanelis,<br />
mataTas, andria pirvelwodebulis RvawlTan mimarTebiTaa warmoCenili, magram es konteqstidanac<br />
Cans, rac mtkicdeba Txzulebis pirvel TavSi mocemuli fraziTac: `varT yuresa amas queyanisasa<br />
(bizantiis imperiis ganapiras) x u T a s i s wlisa JamTa da uwinaresRa (ufro adrec) Sjuldebul<br />
madliTa naTlisRebisaiTa.~<br />
ukiduresi aRmosavleTi sazRvari afxazeTisa lixis mTaa.<br />
`ars qalaqebi igi da adgilebi sabrZaneblad qristesmsaxurisa ionTa mefisa (bizantiis imperatorisa),<br />
romeli mosaydre ars didsa mas qalaqsa konstantinopolisasa~ (Tumc es mdgomareoba<br />
didxans aRar gagrZeldeba _ `habos wamebaSi~ saxelis gareSe moxseniebuli mTavari afxazeTisa _<br />
leon(II) `moirTavs Zals~ xazarTagan da bizantiis gavlenisagan gaaTavisuflebs afxazeTs, dasavleTi<br />
saqarTvelos centrad quTaiss gamoacxadebs. erTi saukunis Semdeg ki, ukve demetre mefisa<br />
da grigol xanZTelis ZalisxmeviT, bizantiis gavlenisagan afxazeTis eklesiac gaTavisufldeba _<br />
wirva-locvis enad iqceva qarTuli (aRm. saqarTvelos eklesiis ena IV saukunidanve qarTuli iyo).<br />
swored afxazeTSi ixila habom `gardametebuli RmrTismoyvarebai da locvai yovlisa mis erisa<br />
daucadebeli.~<br />
teqstidanvea naTeli, rom qarTlis axal erismTavrad iniSneba nerses diswuli _ stefanozi,<br />
Ze gurgen erisTavisa; `uflebai igi saxlisa misisagan (nersesi) ara ganaSora ufalman.~ es ufleba<br />
mainc nominaluria _ umefo qarTlis faqtobrivi gamgebeli arabi amiraa _ xalifas nacvali...<br />
b) meToduri komentarebi ( 6 sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari)<br />
gakveTilebis masala: teqsti _ioane sabanisZis „abos wameba~, metyvelebis kultura _ funqcionaluri<br />
stilis sakiTxebi, teqstis ageba miznis gaTvaliswinebiT; literaturis Teoria _ siuJeti da<br />
misi nawilebi: eqspozicia, kvanZi, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna (6 sT)<br />
miznebi:<br />
• diskusiis xelovnebis daufleba<br />
• zepiri teqstis ageba miznisa (da adresatis) gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
• TanaklaselTa zepiri moxsenebebis gaanalizeba da urTierTSefaseba<br />
• sakiTxav teqstSi mocemuli faqtobrivi, konceptualuri da qveteqsturi informaciis<br />
moZieba da gansxvaveba<br />
• kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba<br />
• wakiTxulis mimarT sakuTari poziciis Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba<br />
• miznis gaTvaliswinebiT werilobiTi teqstis ageba da stilis SerCeva<br />
• weris strategiebis daufleba naweris organizebisaTvis<br />
I gakveTili<br />
aqtivoba 1 (10-12 wT.). prezentacia/diskusia: moswavleebs wina gakveTilze davalebad miecaT,<br />
moeZiebinaT masala VII saukunis qarTlis istoriul-politikuri viTarebis Sesaxeb. am gakveTilze<br />
isini saubroben am sakiTxis irgvliv da akeTeben saTanado daskvnebs. saubars amyareben viazualuri<br />
masaliT, romelic maT mopovebuli aqvT am periodis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba gamoviyenoT strategia<br />
`diskusia~.<br />
meTodis aRwera: diskusia _ `VII saukunis qarTli~: maswavlebeli wina gakveTilze acnobs klass<br />
sadiskusio Temas. klasi iyofa jgufebad. TiToeul jgufSi erTiandebian sxvadasxva donisa da<br />
sxva dasxva monacemebis moswavleebi. TiToeuls gansazRvruli funqcia da roli ekisreba. es rolebi<br />
Semdeg icvleba da yvelas eZleva saSualeba, sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT mosinjos Tavisi Zalebi.<br />
rolebi amjerad SeiZleba amgvarad ganawildes:<br />
a) kiTxvebis damsmeli _ am moswavlis movaleobaa moamzados kiTxvebi, romelTa irgvliv<br />
gaimarTeba diskusia; (mag. ra viciT VII saukunis qarTlis Sesaxeb? ra teritoria eWira mas? vin iyo<br />
am dros qarTlis erisTavi? ra viciT istoriidan mis Sesaxeb? romeli politikuri Zalis xelSi<br />
iyo Tbilisi? romeli sarwmunoebis mimdevarni iyvnen qarTvelebi? arabebi? ra urTierToba iyo<br />
arabebsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris?..)<br />
b) mkvlevari _ misi movaleobaa moiZios ZiriTadi informacia sadiskusio sakiTxis Sesaxeb;<br />
c) citatebis Semkrebi _ am moswavlis movaleobaa, amokrifos Seswavlili teqstebidan (isto-<br />
26
iuli wyaroebidan) mniSvnelovani citatebi, romlebic diskusiaSi argumentebad SeiZleba gamodges<br />
da romlebsac is xmamaRla waikiTxavs;<br />
d) ilustratori _ am moswavlis movaleobaa, daxatos (an moiZios) da warmoadginos ilustraciebi/videomasalebi<br />
sakiTxis irgvliv;<br />
e) momxsenebeli _ misi movaleobaa, warudginos klass jgufis namuSevari.<br />
v) makontrolebeli _ misi movaleobaa daexmaros jgufs diskusiis sworad warmarTvaSi, Seaxsenos<br />
reglamenti da daicvas kamaTis eTika.<br />
aqtivoba 2 (5 wT.): diskusiis Seajameba _ diskusias ajamebs maswavlebeli da acnobs klass Temas,<br />
romelzedac iqneba saubari momdevno gakveTilebis ganmavlobaSi: iovane sabanisZis „abos wameba~.<br />
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:<br />
araboba saqarTveloSi _ arabTa feodaluri saxelmwifos (saxalifos) mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis<br />
Sedegad damyarebuli reJimi, romelic met-naklebi siZlieriTa da moculobiT VII saukunis<br />
Suawlebidan XI saukunis Suawlebamde grZeldeboda.<br />
araboba saqarTveloSi SeiZleba sam mTavar periodad daiyos:<br />
1. saqarTveloSi arabTa Semosvlidan Tbilisis saamiros daarsebamde (VII saukunis 50-iani wlebi<br />
- VIII saukunis 30-iani wlebi). es iyo saxalifos mier saqarTveloSi gabatonebisaTvis brZolis xana;<br />
2. VIII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan IX saukunis 80-ian wlebamde (Tbilisis saamiros daarsebidan<br />
saxalifosgan mis CamoSorebamde da damoukidebel samTavrod gadaqcevamde). es iyo aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi arabTa myari batonobis xana;<br />
3. IX saukunis II naxevridan XI saukunis Suawlebamde (axlo da Sua aRmosavleTSi Turq-selCukebis<br />
gabatonebamde). am periodSi araboba saqarTveloSi, rogorc arabTa batonoba, faqtobrivad<br />
likvidirebuli iyo da igi mxolod gadmonaSTis — Tbilisis saamiros saxiT arsebobda.<br />
pirvelad arabebi saqarTveloSi 642-643 SemoiWrnen, magram am laSqrobas araviTari politikuri<br />
Sedegi ar mohyolia, arabebi iZulebuli gaxdnen ukan gabrunebuliyvnen. mxolod iranis<br />
(651) da somxeTis (652) dapyrobis Semdeg daiwyo arabebis sistematuri brZola saqarTveloSi gabatonebisaTvis.<br />
pirvelad arabebma qarTli daimorCiles 654-655 habib ibn maslamis Semosevis Sedegad.<br />
arab-qarTvelTa urTierTobas gansazRvravda „dacvis sigeli~, romliTac qarTlis mosaxleoba<br />
arabebis sasargeblod xarks ixidida. amjerad arabTa batonoba qarTlSi mxolod or weliwads<br />
gagrZelda. qarTvelebma isargebles saxalifoSi taxtisaTvis atexili SinaomiT (651-661) da arabebs<br />
xarkis micema Seuwyvites. VII saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolos arabebma kvlav aRadgines TavianTi<br />
batonoba qarTlSi. saqarTvelosaTvis brZolaSi arabebs bizantiis imperia ecileboda. 685 wels<br />
saxalifosa da bizantias Soris daido zavi, romlis ZaliTac kunZul kviprosidan, somxeTidan da<br />
iberiidan miRebuli xarki am or qveyanas Tanasworad unda gaeyo. magram qarTveli xalxi arc erT<br />
dampyrobels ar emorCileboda. 686 wels qarTlSi, somxeTsa da albaneTSi ajanyebam ifeTqa. qarTlis<br />
erismTavarma nersem sastikad daamarcxa somxeTSi myofi arabTa sardali baraba. amave xanebSi<br />
arabebs amierkavkasiaSi batonobas ecileboda xazarTa saxelmwifoc. VII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi xazarebi<br />
amierkavkasiaSi SemoiWrnen. arabebs maTTan mZime brZola mouxdaT. qarTvelebi cdilobdnen<br />
TavianT sasargeblod gamoeyenebinaT xazar-arabTa metoqeoba, magram mizans ver miaRwies.<br />
697 egrisis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) mmarTveli sergi barnukis Ze bizantielebis winaaRmdeg<br />
ajanyda da Tavisi samflobelo arabebs gadasca. arabebma daikaves egrisis dedaqalaqi cixegoji<br />
(axlandeli naqalaqevi) da ramdenime cixe kodoris xeobaSi, magram male datoves dasavleT saqarTvelo.<br />
VIII saukunis dasawyisSi arabebi damkvidrnen qarTlSi. 704-705 wlebSi maT aq sakuTari vercxlis<br />
moneta moWres. VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi amierkavkasiaSi arabTa batonobis gansamtkiceblad<br />
xalifa hiSamma gamogzavna damsjeli jari jarah ibn abd al-lahis sardlobiT. amave mizniT 30-ian<br />
wlebSi gamogzavnes murvan ibn muhamadi (qarTuli wyaroebiT — murvan yru). 735-736 wlebSi murvanma<br />
aaoxra saqarTvelo. laSqrobis Semdeg arabebma qarTlSi TavianTi moxele (amira) daniSnes. misi rezidencia<br />
TbilisSi iyo. arabTa batonoba saqarTveloSi stabiluri gaxda.<br />
arabebma aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas daakisres mZime gadasaxadebi xaraja da jizia.<br />
xalxs daekisra agreTve samxedro razmebisa da mravalricxovan moxeleTa Senaxva. mosaxleobas<br />
daades begrad gzebis, xidebis da sxva obieqtebis mSenebloba. arabTa batonobas mohyva mahmadianuri<br />
mosaxleobis gaCena saqarTveloSi. VIII saukunis II naxevridan arabebma daiwyes Careva dapyrobili<br />
qveynebis saSinao saqmeebSi. IX saukunis dasawyisSi qarTlis erismTavarTa xelisufleba gaauqmes.<br />
arabTa batonobiT ukmayofilo iyo qarTuli sazogadoebis yvela fena. gansakuTrebiT mZime<br />
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mwarmoebeli nawili, romelic ixdida xarks<br />
da asrulebda yovelgvar valdebulebas dampyrobelTa sasargeblod. arabTa batonoba SedarebiT<br />
mtkice iyo saqarTvelos centralur raionebSi, ganapira mxareebi ki male ganTavisuflden maTi<br />
batonobisagan.<br />
27
VIII-IX saukuneebis mijnaze saqarTveloSi warmoiSva ramdenime damoukidebeli feodaluri<br />
samefo da samTavro (dasavleT saqarTvelo, kaxeTi, hereTi, tao-klarjeTi). Tbilisis saamiros<br />
fargleSi darCa mxolod Sida da qvemo qarTlis teritoria. IX saukunidan daiwyo Tbilisis amirebis<br />
brZola saxalifos centraluri xelisiflebis winaaRmdeg. arabTa saxelmwifo dasustda da dai-<br />
Sala. IX saukunis II naxevarSi Tbilisis saamiro iqca adgilobrivi feodaluri samTavrod. saxalifos<br />
cdas — daemorCilebina gamdgari amirebi da kvlav gabatonebuliyo saqarTveloSi — Sedegi ar<br />
mohyolia. 853 wels xalifa muTavaqilma amierkavkasiaSi gamogzavna didi jari buRa Turqis meTaurobiT.<br />
man aiRo Tbilisi, magram arabTa adrindeli batonobis aRdgena saqarTveloSi ver SeZlo.<br />
914 wels xalifas brZanebiT abu al-kasim sajma scada somxeTisa da saqarTvelos dapyroba, magram<br />
mizans ver miaRwia. es iyo ukanaskneli da uSedego cda arabTa batonobis aRdgenisa saqarTveloSi.<br />
araboba saqarTveloSi mZime movlena iyo qarTveli xalxis cxovrebaSi. damoukideblobisaTvis<br />
brZolaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda ideologiur brZolas. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia<br />
ioane sabanisZis patriotuli qadageba. abo Tbilelis mowameobis aRweriT man didi propaganda gaswia<br />
qristianobisa da erovnuli TviTmyofobis SesanarCuneblad.<br />
arabTa batonobam sagrZnoblad Seaferxa saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTareba.<br />
magram aRmavali feodaluri ganviTarebis gziT mimavali qveyana sabolood gamarjvebuli gamovida<br />
am mZime gansacdelidan.<br />
(literatura: lorTqifaniZe m., qse, t. 1, gv. 525, Tb., 1975).<br />
aqtivoba 3. klasSi teqstis kiTxva da komentireba (15 wT.): klasSi ikiTxeba teqstis ori monakve-<br />
Ti (samoelisa da ioanes werilebi), saxelmZRvanelos daxmarebiT aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da<br />
gamoTqmebi, gakeTdeba komentarebi.<br />
ba:<br />
aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis gadmocema (5-7 wT.):<br />
teqstTan miaxloebiT gadmoicema wakiTxulis Sinaarsi, romelic daaxloebiT aseTi saxisa iqne-<br />
„samoel qarTlis kaTalikosma wmida eklesiis sulieri Svili, iovane sabanisZe, moikiTxa da<br />
mSvidoba usurva:<br />
`me, samoel qristes mier qarTlisa kaTalikozi, ufalsa iovanes sabanisZesa, sulierad Svilsa<br />
kaTolike (sayovelTao) eklesiisa da sayvarelsa Cvensa, locviT uflisa mier mogikiTxav. mSvidobai<br />
iyavn Sen zeda da yovelTa saxlisa Senisa krebulsa qristes mier!@~<br />
kaTalikosma icoda sabanisZis ganswavlulobis, saRmrTo wignTa `mecnierebis~ (codnis) Sesaxeb:<br />
`uwyiT wadiereba Seni RmrTismsaxurebisaTvis da RmrTivmimadlebuli Seni mecnierebai saRmrToTa<br />
wignTai da gulsmodgineba Seni keTilTa saqmeTa moRvawebisaTvis.~ swored amitom ubrZana sabanisZes,<br />
aRewera martviloba `axlisa mowamisa~ wmida haboisi, romelic `yovlisa amis soflisa Cvenisa<br />
qarTlisaTvis~ ewama.<br />
<strong>wigni</strong> momaval TaobaTaTvis daideboda taZarSi `mosaxsenebelad yovelTa, vin iyvnen Semdgomad.~<br />
xsarTan mRvdlis xeliT gagzavnil werilSi kaTalikosi ubrZanebda iovanes: `xel yav gamoTqmad<br />
sruliad WeSmaritad, viTar igi iyo da viTarca Sen TviT uwyi da aRwere martvilobai wmidisa<br />
mowamisa haboisi da aRwerili Cven mogviZRvane.~<br />
sapasuxo werilSi sabanisZe madls swiravda ufals, rom kaTalikosma (`RmrTivpatiosanma mamfalma~*)<br />
habos Rvawlis aRmwerad swored igi irCia, magram arc Sefiqrianebas malavda, icoda, rom<br />
urCobisaTvis warsawymedeli eloda, saqmis Rirseulad veraRsrulebisac ekrZalvoda: `mZime ars<br />
Cemda orkerZove: ukeTu urC veqmne brZanebasa Tqvensa, weril ars _ Svili urCi warsawymedelsa<br />
mieceso; da Tu viswrafo morCilebad, misTvisca ityvis _ udaressa Sensa nu gamoeZiebo da uZlieressa<br />
Sensa nu ganikiTxavo. amisTvis SiSman da zrunvaman Semipyra me da SeSfoTna gonebai Cemi da<br />
movakldi mecnierebisagan~ (*mamfali _ feodalur saqarTveloSi `patronis~ Sesatyvisi termini,<br />
miRebuli `mama~ da `ufal~ sityvebis SeerTebiT. farTod damkvidrda VIII saukunis meore naxevarSi.<br />
IX-X s.s. mas Caenacvla `patroni~ (qse, t. V, Tb., 1983, gv. 400)).<br />
SiSiTa da zrunviT Sepyrobili, locviT ganZlierebuliyo, solomonis sibrZne moeSveliebina<br />
(`hbaZevd jinWvelsa, medgaro~ (zarmaco), romelic Tavisze mravalgzis mZime ifqlis (xorblis) marcvals<br />
miaTrevs) da, kaTalikosis brZanebisamebr, `gulsmodgine iqmna~, raTa aRewera `uRirsisagan<br />
gonebisa...Semokrebuli martviloba WeSmariti da utyueli.~<br />
RmerTs evedreboda sabanisZe, kaTalikossa da mkiTxvelT moswonebodaT `uRirsi~ naRvawi.`<br />
aqtivoba 5. wakiTxulis gaazreba (5-7 wT.):<br />
_ visi dakveTiT daiwera es nawarmoebi? vin aris pirveli werilis avtori?<br />
_ ras sTxovs igi ioane sabanisZes?<br />
28
_ riT asabuTebs igi Tavis Txovnas?<br />
_ vis sityvebs imowmebs ioane Tavis sapasuxo werilSi?<br />
_ ras vgebulobT teqstidan samoel qarTlis kaTalikosisa da ioane sabaniZis Sesaxeb? imdroindeli<br />
qarTlis Sesaxeb?<br />
_ rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad miukerZoebeli SeiZleba iyos dakveTiT dawerili nawarmoebis<br />
avtori? ra gaZlevT amgvari fiqris safuZvels?<br />
Sefaseba(2-3 wT.).<br />
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT.): werilobiT _ „samoel qarTlis kaTalikosisa da ioane<br />
sabanisZis momowera~.<br />
II gakveTili<br />
aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis Semowmeba (5-7 wT.) _ „samoel qarTlis kaTalikosisa da ioane sabanisZis<br />
momowera~.<br />
aqtivoba 2. werilobTi teqstis Janrobriv Taviseburebaze dakvirveba _ metyvelebis kultura<br />
(5-7 wT.):<br />
mimoweris es nimuSi epistolaruli Janris Canasaxad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. mas aqvs oficialur-saqmiani<br />
teqstebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mTeli rigi niSnebi da stilis TvalsazrisiT igi<br />
gansxvavdeba teqstis momdevno monakveTebisagan; amdenad, SesaZlebelia am monakveTis gacnobisas<br />
moswavleebi davakvirvoT Zveli qarTuli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli funqcionaluri stilis (oficialur-<br />
saqmiani) ZiriTad niSnebze, kerZod:<br />
a) Temis konkretulobaze (pirvel werilSi zustad aris miTiTebuli werilis avtoris survili<br />
_ aRweros adresatma abos cxovreba da wameba, meore werilSi ki gamoxatulia Tanxmoba amgvari<br />
teqstis SeqmnisaTvis);<br />
b) azris sizusteze (werilis avtorebi yovelgvari orazrovnebis gareSe zustad gamoxataven<br />
TavianT saTqmels);<br />
g) lakonurobaze (werilis avtorebi eridebian zedmetsityvaobas);<br />
d) saqmiani werilisaTvis damaxasiaTebel garkveul standartulobaze (mimarTvis forma, werilis<br />
dawyebisa da damTavrebisaTvis aucilebeli enobrivi kliSeebi...);<br />
e) informaciulobaze (orive werili Seicavs zust da naTel informacias).<br />
aqtivoba 3. teqstis kiTxva da misi komentireba (18-20 wT.). klasSi ikiTxeba teqstis pirveli Tavi<br />
da Semdeg maswavleblis mier xdeba misi komentireba.<br />
aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis gaazreba (6-7 wT.):<br />
_ vis mimarTavs teqstis dasawyisSi avtori da ras sTxovs maT?<br />
_ rogor gaiazrebT avtoriseul frazas: `patiosniTa sisxliTa misiTa syidul xarT~?<br />
_ pavle mociqulis romel mcnebas Seaxsenebs igi Tavis msmenelebs? rogor fiqrobT, ratom<br />
iyenebs igi aq am citatas?<br />
_ avtori xSirad avlebs paralelebs bibliasTan, saxarebasTan. moZebneT es adgilebi teqstSi<br />
da axseniT, ratom mimarTavs igi am xerxs.<br />
_ moZebneT teqstSi is adgili, romliTac igi axasiaTebs imdroindel qarTls. ras vgebulobT<br />
am monakveTidan?<br />
_ ra xerxebs mimarTavda dampyrobeli Tavisi religiis gasavrceleblad?<br />
_ rogor moixseniebs avtori mahmadis rjuls? ra damokidebulebas amJRavnebs igi am sarwmunoebis<br />
mimarT? riT aris gamowveuli misi amgvari damokidebuleba mahmadianobis mimarT?<br />
_ ra damokidebulebas amJRavnebs mwerali Tavisi mTavari gmiris mimarT? riT xsniT amas?<br />
_ ra mizani aqvs mwerals? sad, teqstis romel adgilas ikveTeba es yvelaze naTlad?<br />
_ teqstis mixedviT, rodis miiRes qarTvelebma qristianoba?<br />
_ Txrobisas avtori ar ikavebs Tavs gamoxatos Tavisi damokidebuleba teqstSi aRwerili ambis<br />
mimarT. sad, teqstis romel monakveTebSi, Cans es? Tqveni azriT, ra aZlevs avtors amis safuZvels?<br />
ramdenad eTanxmebiT avtors momxdaris (aRwerilis) SefasebaSi?<br />
29
aqtivoba 5. mxatvruli analizi (5-7 wT.):<br />
_ „maspinZel eqmneniT sityuaTa amaT CemTa~, _ romeli mxatvruli xerxia gamoyenebuli am frazaSi?<br />
ra mizniT iyenebs avtori aq am mxatvrul xerxs?<br />
_ rogor moixseniebs avtori arabebs? ra epiTetebiT amkobs maT?<br />
_ rogor, ra mxatvruli xerxebis gamoyenebiT, warudgens mkiTxvels ioane sabanisZe Tavis<br />
lite raturul personaJs?<br />
_ `SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa~, _ romeli mxatvruli<br />
xerxiT gadmoscems mwerali qarTveli xalxis imdroindel mdgomareobas?<br />
_ rogor aRwers avtori teqstis dasawyisSi qarTlis socialur-politikur mdgomareobas?<br />
_ rogor aris daxatuli qarTvelTa sulieri da zneobrivi saxe? rogor fiqrobT, risTvis<br />
gvamzadebs amiT avtori?<br />
_ daimaxsovreT: mxatvruli nawarmoebis im nawils, romelSic aRwerilia moqmedebis dawyebisas<br />
arsebuli mdgomareoba, eqspozicia ewodeba.<br />
_ teqstis romeli monakveTi SeiZleba CavTvaloT eqspoziciad? risTvis gvamzadebs eqspoziciiT<br />
mwerali?<br />
aqve SeiZleba moswavleebs mivawodoT cneba „homiletika~ _ qadageba.<br />
informacia maswavleblisaTvis:<br />
homilia/homiletika `aRniSnavs moZRvreba-qadagebebs, romelTa morwmuneTa dasamoZRvrad warmosTqvamdnen<br />
sxvadasxva adgilas, ufro ki eklesiaSi, sxvadasxva pirni _ umetes wilad, rasakvirvelia,<br />
samRvdeloni. qadageba-miZRvrebas an TviT avtori werda xolme, anda warmoTqmis dros<br />
Caswerdnen mas maSindeli stenografebi, grigol RvTismetyvelis mowmobiT _ rogorc oficialurad,<br />
ise farulad. yovelive es xels uwyobda homiletikuri mwerlobis ganviTarebas, romelic<br />
pirdapir usazRvro okeanes warmoadgens~ (k.kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, gv. 551).<br />
homiletika, qristianuli mwerlobis dargi, romelSic warmodgenilia Cawerili (stenografiulad)<br />
qadagebani, Sinaarsis mixedviT dayofili sxvadasxva dargebad: 1. sadResaswaulo qadagebani,<br />
2. enkomiebi, 3. epitafiebi, 4. egzegetikur-moralisturi xasiTis qadagebani. qadagebani Tavmoyrilia<br />
krebulSi, romelsac mravalTavi ewodeba, sxva saxelwodebiT am krebuls margarati anu<br />
margaliti ewodeba. qarTuli homiletikis brwyinvale Zeglia sulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlani~,<br />
romelSic Tavmoyrilia 46 qadageba mis mier warmoTqmuli daviTgarejSi. maRalmxatvruli sityvis<br />
(sxvadasxva stilistikuri xerxebiT mdidari) saSualebiT, sulxan-saba orbeliani amxels imdroindel<br />
saqarTvelos socialur-poplitikur ukuRmarTobas da cdilobs damoZRvros msmenelni. (a.<br />
Wilaia, r. Wilaia).<br />
„abos wamebis~ es monakveTi swored qadagebas eTmoba da amdenad, mkvlevrebi mas homiletikis<br />
Janrs akuTvneben.<br />
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba (2-3 wT.).<br />
aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT.): teqstTan miaxloebiT gadmoscen wakiTxulis Sinaarsi;<br />
moiniSnon is adgilebi, romlebic maTTvis gaugebari darCa; gaecnon r. siraZis „Tvalsazriss~ da<br />
moemzadon klasSi am sakiTxze diskusiisaTvis.<br />
III gakveTili<br />
aqtivoba 1. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema da komentireba (10-12 wT.).<br />
moswavleebi maswavleblis miTiTebiT gadmoscmen wakiTxuli teqstis calkeuli epizodebis<br />
Sinaarss da akeTeben saTanado komentars. aqve gaanalizdeba is monakveTebi, romlebic moswavleTa<br />
erTi nawilisaTvis gaugebari aRmoCnda. am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT wyvilebSi muSaoba: strategia<br />
`mze da mTvare~.<br />
meTodis aRwera:<br />
a) wakiTxulis komentarisaTvis rveulis furceli iyofa or nawilad: `mze~ da `mTvare~ (aRiniSneba<br />
saTanado simboloebiT);<br />
b) moswavleebs vavalebT, rom kiTxvis procesSi maTTvis gasagebi da naTeli sakiTxebi `mzis~<br />
qveS Caweron, xolo bundovani da gaugebari ki _ `mTvaris~ qveS;<br />
c) ganvsazRvravT dros;<br />
d) kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi dawyvildebian da erTmaneTs uziareben azrs,<br />
30
uCveneben Canawerebs. TiToeuls vaZlevT instruqtaJs: gadaxedeT erTmaneTis Canawerebs da daexmareT<br />
mewyviles bundovani adgilebis garkvevaSi;<br />
e) azrTa gaziarebis Semdeg moswavleebs vTxovT, is bundovani sakiTxebi, romlebic mewyviles-<br />
Tan azris gaziarebis Semdeg maTTvis naTeli gaxda, gansxvavebuli feris kalmiT `mTvaris~ svetidan<br />
`mzis~ svetSi gadaitanon;<br />
f) wyvilebSi davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg varkvevT, romeli sakiTxebi darCa gaugebari da<br />
Cvens Semdgom muSaobas swored amaze avagebT.<br />
aqtivoba 2. `Tvalsazrisi~ (5-7 wT.): moswavleebi Sin gaecnen r. TvaraZis `Tvalsazriss~ da axla<br />
gamoTqvamen sakuTar mosazrebebs masSi gamoTqmuli debulebebis Sesaxeb:<br />
a) `iovane sabanisZe... qarTvelTa uRirsobas xelaRebiT mxolod arabobas ki ar abralebs, aramed<br />
sakuTriv Cvensave Tanamdev Tvisebad Tvlis~;<br />
b) `ubedurebis SegrZnebam SeiZleba goniereba Sematos ers da ufro ukeT gaaazrebinos Tavisi<br />
warsuli, awmyoc da momavalic~.<br />
c) `Rirsebis SegrZneba ki ar warmoaCens naklovanebas, aramed naklovanebaTa SegrZneba warmoa-<br />
Cens Rirsebas~.<br />
teqstidan (saqarTvelos istoriuli warsulidan) moxmobil magaliTebze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi<br />
msjeloben `TvalsazrisSi~ gamoTqmul mosazrebebze, afiqsireben sakuTar pozicias saTanado<br />
argumentebis moSveliebiT. aqve eZlevaT cnebebi: `argumenti~, `qveargumenti~, ecnobian argumentirebuli<br />
msjelobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel enobriv saSualebebs/frazebs: „sailustraciod<br />
moviyvanT citatas/fragments nawarmoebdan~...; „amaze migviTiTebs Semdegi sityvebi~...; „rogorc<br />
cnobilia~; „sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom~...; „udavoa, rom~...; „mecnierebi amtkiceben, rom~...;<br />
„rogorc samecniero literaturaSia cnobili~...; „istoriuli monacemebis mixedviT~; „saistorio<br />
wyaroebis mixedviT~; „minda gagiziaroT Cemi damokidebuleba~; „darwmunebuli var, rom~...,<br />
„vfiqrob, rom~...; „statistikuri monacemebiT~, „sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad~ da a.S.<br />
aqtivoba 3. teqstis momdevno nawilis kiTxva da komentireba (12 -15 wT.): teqstis nawili (meore<br />
Tavis 1-16 epizodi) ikiTxeba klasSi da xdeba misi komentireba maswavleblis mier.<br />
aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis gaazreba (10 wT.):<br />
_ ratom gaemgzavra nerse baRdadSi?<br />
_ viszea damokidebuli qarTlis erisTavis Tavisufleba da bed-iRbali? raze migviTiTebs es<br />
faqti?<br />
_ vin aris abo? ras gvamcnobs mwerali misi vinaobis Sesaxeb? romel frazaSi amJRavnebs avtori<br />
Tavis damokidebulebas personaJisadmi? misi mamapapiseuli sarwmunoebisadmi?<br />
_ abos mier samSoblosa da axloblebis datovebas ra Sefasebas aZlevs qristiani mwerali? riT<br />
xsnis am faqts?<br />
_ rogor aRwers mwerali arabi Wabukis mier qristianuli moZRvrebis Seswavlis process? Tu<br />
Cans aq misi damokidebuleba am movlenis mimarT? daasabuTeT.<br />
_ arabi Wabukis romel Tvisebebze amaxvilebs mwerali mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?<br />
_ ra gaxda nerse erisTavis xazareTSi wasvlis mizezi? rogor aRwers mwerali xazarebs? rogor<br />
fiqrobT, ra aris amis mizezi?<br />
_ ratom mihyveba mas am iZulebiT mogzaurobaSi arabi abo?<br />
_ rodis gaqristianda arabi Wabuki? ra faqtorebma Seuwyo xeli mis gaqristianebas?<br />
_ xazareTidan saiT miemarTeba ltolvili erisTavi? ra aris amis mizezi?<br />
_ xazareTidan afxazeTSi mimavalma nersem da misma Tanmxlebma pirebma „ganvles queyanaY igi<br />
warmarTTaY~. Tqveni azriT, romeli qveynebi igulisxma mweralma „warmarTTa qveynebSi~?<br />
_ teqstis mixedviT, romeli sarwmunoebis mimdevarni arian afxazebi?<br />
_ rogor aRwers mwerali maSindeli afxazeTis sazRvrebs?<br />
_ ras uwodebs mwerali „saRmrTo Surs~? rodis gauCnda abos igi? ra iyo amis mizezi? ra datvirTva<br />
aqvs teqstSi am frazas?<br />
_ rogor cdilobda arabi Wabuki rwmenis ganmtkicebasa da sulis gaZlierebas? ra paralels<br />
avlebs mwerali? ratom mimarTavs igi am xerxs?<br />
_ rodis moeRo bolo qarTlis erisTavis ltolvilobas?<br />
_ ras vgebulobT teqstidan imdroindeli qarTlis Sesaxeb? Seswavlili fragmentebis mixedviT<br />
daaxasiaTeT qarTlis imdroindeli a) politikuri, b) socialuri, g) sarwmunoebrivi mdgomareoba.<br />
_ ras vgebulobT teqstidan qarTlis mezobeli qveynebis Sesaxeb?<br />
_ romeli istoriuli personaJebi gvxvdeba teqstSi?<br />
_ gaixseneT hagiografiis raoba. Seswavlili epizodebis mixedviT SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT,<br />
rom es teqsti hagiografiul Janrs ganekuTvneba?<br />
31
_ ramdenad axerxebs mwerali, iyos miukerZoebeli faqtebis aRwerisas? xom ar aris igi tendenciuri<br />
zogierTi faqtis gaSuqebisas? ra SeiZleba iyos amis mizezi?..<br />
aqtivoba 5. Sefaseba (2-3 wT.).<br />
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT.): waikiTxon teqstis meore Tavis momdevno epizodebi damoukideblad<br />
da moemzadon klasSi misi komentirebisaTvis. gaecnon teqstis bolos mocemul<br />
„Tvalsazrisebs~, airCion erT-erTi da moemzadon klasSi diskusiisaTvis.<br />
IV gakveTili<br />
aqtivoba 1. sadiskusio klubi (7-10 wT.): moswavleebi Sin unda gascnobodnen amonaridebs („Tvalsazrisebs~)<br />
qarTuli literatuli kritikidan. klasi iyofa sam jgufad. TiToeuli jgufi irCevs<br />
TiTo Tvalsazriss da gamoxatavs Tavis pozicias masSi wamoWrili moralur-zneobrivi problematikis<br />
mimarT:<br />
I jgufi: `dampyrobeli dapyrobil qveyanaSi spobs moazrovneebs, moralur pirovnebebs<br />
da amoativtivebs uRirsebs, salaxanebs. maTve SeaWmevinebs eris saukeTeso Svilebs. eri rCeba<br />
TavwakveTili, upatrono, aRar hyavs inteleqtualuri da moraluri elita, romelic zrdis ers<br />
da uZRveba mas~.<br />
revaz baramiZe, `narkvevebi qarTuli mwerlobis istoriidan.~<br />
II jgufi: `abo gadis Tavisi qveynidan, uaryofs samSoblos da gahyveba ucxo kacs ucxo qveyanaSi.<br />
sxva SemTxvevaSi misi es saqcieli uTuod gaikicxeboda, magram misi gasvla abraamuli gasvla<br />
iyo. es ar yofila mxolod misi neba. is dahyva uzenaes nebas. igrZno, rom arsebobs iseTi ram,<br />
rac ufro Zvirfasia, vidre samSoblo da vidre, rogorc bolos aRmoCndeba, sicocxle. mas Caesma<br />
WeSmaritebis xma, WeSmaritebisTvis datova qveyana da bolomde Seasrula qristes mowodeba _<br />
`romelsa uyvardes mamaY anu dedaY ufrois Cemsa, ara ars igi Cemda Rirs~. abom WeSmariteba _ ufro<br />
maRali Rirebuleba _ anacvala xorciel samSoblos... man uaryo `maxviliTa pyrobili igi Sjuli~<br />
da aRiara `WeSmariti Sjuli~.<br />
zurab kiknaZe, `mxedari meufisa zecisai~.<br />
III jgufi: `ra iqneboda imaze bunebrivi, rom abo darCeniliyo samoTxisdar afxazeTSi? qristiani<br />
Tavisufal qristianul qveyanaSi? magram abo sxvagvarad fiqrobda. man Tavi qristes mxedrad<br />
aRzarda da im samTviani Rvawlis dagvirgvinebas gabeduli aRmsareblobis asparezze xedavda. ai,<br />
misi pasuxic: `da aw Sen nu damayeneb me, RmrTismsaxuro, rameTu raY madl ars yofaY Cemi aqa, sada<br />
ara ars SiSi, arca sikudili qristHsT¢s?~. da wavida qarTlSi abo, raTa gancxadebulad euwyebina<br />
agarianTaTvis Tavisi rwmena. imis winaswari molodiniT, rac qarTlSi eloda, datova afxazeTi.<br />
Segnebulad daadga abo mowameobis gzas: midis iq, sadac yvelaze ufro gabrwyindeba misiT qristes<br />
naTeli. midis, raTa gaiRos ukanaskneli sabuTi WeSmaritebis dasamowmeblad _ sakuTari sisxli~.<br />
zurab kiknaZe, `mxedari meufisa zecisai~.<br />
moswavleebi cdiloben `TvalsazrisebSi~ wamoWrili problemis mimarT daasabuTon Tavisi<br />
azri. argumentirebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoiyenon rogorc Seswavlili teqstebi, aseve informacia<br />
saqarTvelos istoriidan. moqmedebs principi: `yvelas azri sainteresoa~.<br />
aqtivoba 2. diskusiis Sejameba (5 wT.):<br />
_Tqveni azriT, ratom upirispirebs mwerali erTmaneTs or cnebas: samSoblosa da WeSmaritebas?<br />
risi Cveneba surs amiT?<br />
_ abosTvis, rogorc WeSmariti qristianisaTvis, romeli cnebaa ufro Zvirfasi: samSoblo Tu<br />
WeSmariteba?<br />
_ vin aris abo qristianebisaTvis? mahmadianebisaTvis?<br />
aqtivoba 3. Sin wakiTxuli teqstis komentireba (10-12 wT.): moswavleebs Sin unda waekiTxaT meore<br />
Tavis me-17-me-20 epizodebi, axla klasSi xdeba maTi komentireba da gaSinaarseba:<br />
_ ra rCeva misca afxazeTis mefem abos? ramdenad gamarTlebulad migaCniaT amgvari rCevis<br />
micema abosaTvis?<br />
_ raze metyvelebs abos pasuxi? mis ra Tvisebas usvams mwerali xazs?<br />
_ abo saubrisas xSirad iynebs citatebs saxarebidan. raze migviTiTebs es faqti?<br />
32
_ abos ra sulier mzaobaze migvaniSnebs misi pasuxi?<br />
_ ramdenad gamarTlebulad migaCniaT arsebul situaciaSi abos amgvari mzaoba?<br />
_ ra reaqcia aqvT arabebs gaqristianebuli TanamoZmis danaxvaze? ramdenad gamarTlebulad<br />
migaCniaT maTi aseTi moqmedeba?<br />
_ `rameTu arRa mowevnul iyo Jami misi~, weria teqstSi. raze migvaniSnebs es fraza? ra molodins<br />
uqmnis igi mkiTxvels?<br />
_ rogor fiqrobT, rogor ganviTardeba SemdegSi movlenebi? ra gaZlevT am fiqris safuZvels?<br />
daasabuTeT Tqveni azri Seswavlili epizodebis mixedviT.<br />
_ Seswavlili fragmentebis mixedviT SeavseT Tqveni codna qarTlis imdroindeli a) politikuri,<br />
b) socialuri, g) sarwmunoebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb...<br />
aqtivoba 4. klasSi wakiTxulis komentireba ( 12-15 wT.): klasSi komentariT ikiTxeba mesame Tavis<br />
pirveli aTi epizodi.<br />
aqtivoba 5. wakiTxulis gaazreba: (5-7 wT.)<br />
_ romel axal istoriul pirebs vxvdebiT am epizodSi? ra mizniT axsenebs maT mwerali?<br />
_ rogor aTariRebs igi abos wamebas? daTariRebis ra saxeebs mimarTavs igi? (1. dasabamiTgan,<br />
2. qristeSobidan).<br />
_ rodis Seipyres abo pirvelad? visi wyalobiT ganTavisuflda igi amjerad cixidan? raze<br />
metyvelebs es faqti?<br />
_ rogori damokidebuleba aqvs abos mimarT arabebs? qarTvel erisTavebs?<br />
_ ratom sTxoven arabebi axladdaniSnul amiras kvlav abos Sepyrobas? riTia maTi SiSi ganpirobebuli?<br />
rogor fiqrobT, aqvs Tu ara maTs am SiSs realuri safuZveli? ratom fiqrobT ase?<br />
_ abos ra Tvisebaze amaxvilebs mwerali yuradRebas? rogor fiqrobT, ratom mieltvis abo<br />
Tavad mowamoebriv aRsasruls? risTvis dasWirda mwerals am faqtis xazgasma? hagiografiuli<br />
mwer lobisaTvis aucilebeli romeli momentebi ikveTeba am epizodSi?<br />
_ ramdenad gamarTlebulad geCvenebaT arabTa amiras sayveduri abos mimarT?<br />
_ ras uwodebs abo „umecrebas~?<br />
_ romeli epiTetebiT moixseniebs mwerali arabTa sarwmunoebas? qristianobas?<br />
_ rodis Seipyres abo? ramdeni dRe gaatara man cixeSi? WeSmariti qristianisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
ra Tvisebebi gamoavlina man?<br />
_ zemoqmedebis ra saSualebebs mimarTavdnen arabebi yofili TanamoZmis mimarT?..<br />
aqtivoba 6. teqstis mxatvrul mxareze dakvirveba (3-5 wT.):<br />
_ ra mizniT moemarTeba abo baRdadidan qarTlSi? ra uSlis xels misi miznis ganxorcielebas?<br />
ra winaaRmdegobebi xvdeba qarTlSi Camosuls? rogor inaskveba erTmaneTSi abos mizani da es winaaRmdegobani?<br />
ra moqmedebas aZlevs igi Semdgom dasabams?<br />
daimaxsovreT: nawarmoebSi mocemul iseT mdgomareobas, romelSiac Cndeba da erTmaneTSi inaskveba<br />
mizani da winaaRmdegobani, rac dasabams aZlevs moqmedebis Semdeg ganviTarebas, kvanZi ewodeba.<br />
_ Tqveni azriT, sad, teqstis romel adgilas ikvreba es kvanZi? waikiTxeT saTanado adgili.<br />
aqtivoba 7. Sefaseba (2-3 wT.).<br />
aqtivoba 8. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT.): gaecnon mesame Tavis momdevno epizodebs da moemzadon<br />
klasSi maTi komentirebisaTvis.<br />
V gakveTili<br />
aqtivoba 1. Sin wakiTxuli teqstis komentireba (10-12 wT.): moswavleebs Sin damoukideblad unda<br />
waekiTxaT mesame Tavis me-11 _34-e epizodebi. axla klasSi xdeba Sin wakiTxulis komentireba. komentirebisaTvis<br />
SeirCeva teqstis sakvanZo adgilebi.<br />
_ rogor emzadeboda abo amqveynidan gasvlisaTvis? romeli epizodebi aRwers abos mowameobriv<br />
cxovrebas?<br />
_ rogor cdilobs abo dasZlios xorcieli SiSi? vis sityvebs imowmebs igi?<br />
_ riT xsnis arabi amira abos gaqristianebas? Tqveni azriT, ratom fiqrobs ase?<br />
_ abo awames paraskevs, 6 ianvars, naTlisRebis dRes. Tqveni azriT, ris Cveneba undodaT am<br />
faqtiT arabebs qarTvelebisaTvis?<br />
_ ganmarteT, rogor gesmiT azri sityvebisa: `did ars Cemda dRei ese, rameTu vxedav orkerZove<br />
Zlevasa uflisa Cemisa iesu qristeissa, rameTu dResaswaulsa amas STaxda mdinaresa mas<br />
33
iordanisasa ... naTlisRebad da siRrmesa mas Sina wyalTasa damalulisa mis veSapisa Tavebi ZaliTa<br />
RmrTeebisaiTa Semusra~.<br />
_ rogor fiqrobT, rodis ganxorcielda saxarebiseuli sanTlis (`aravin aRanTis sanTeli~...)<br />
saxe-simbolos mxatvruli xorcSesxma?<br />
_ teqstidan vigebT, rom abos wamebis Semdeg arabebi SiSma Seipyro, xolo qristianebi, piriqiT,<br />
ganmtkicdnen. Tqveni azriT, ram ganapiroba yovelive es?<br />
aqtivoba 2. „Tvalsazrisi~ (5-7 wT.): moswavleebi ecnobian revaz siraZis „Tvalsaziss~:<br />
`araboba eris damTrgunveli Zalaa, CamxSobi yoveli sikeTisa. aqedan iwyeba umTavresi saTqmeli:<br />
es damTrgunveli, sikeTis CamxSobi Zala erma unda gadaiqcios TviTSemecnebis impulsad, Zalad<br />
TviTgacnobierebisa. ese igi, faqtobrivad, sikeTis CamxSobi Zala sikeTis gamRvivebel Zalisxmevad<br />
unda gadaiqces. ukeTurobis sikeTed gadaqcevis magaliTia TviT abo, `vardi ekalTagan<br />
gamorCeuli~.<br />
ayalibeben sakuTar xedvas masSi wamoWrili problemis mimarT:<br />
_ romel negatiur movlenaze saubrobs am TvalsazrisSi kritikosi? ras uwodebs igi „sikeTis<br />
CamxSob Zalas~?<br />
_ ramdenad exmareba es negatiuri movlena ers, konkretul pirovnebas gamofxizldes da daupirispirdes<br />
mas?<br />
_ rodis gadaiqca es konkretuli negatiuri movlena eris, pirovnebis cnobierebis gamosafxizlebel,<br />
zneobis amamaRlebel Zalad?<br />
_ rogor ganxorcielda TvalsazrisSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebis arsi abos magaliTze?<br />
_ risTvis dasWirda hagiograf mwerals abos, rogorc Tavad uwodebs `ekalTagan gamorCeuli<br />
vardis~, wamebis aRwera? rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad SeZlo am wamebis aRweriT hagiografma mweralma<br />
Tavisi Tanamedroveebis gamofxizleba da zneobrivi amaRleba?<br />
_ gaixseneT, visi dakveTiT, ra mizniT Seiqmna es nawarmoebi da ecadeT, gaarkvioT, ramdenad<br />
axerxebs mwerali iyos miukerZoebeli faqtebis interpretaciisas?<br />
_ Tqveni azriT, vin aris abo („vardi ekalTagan gamorCeuli~) samSoblos uarmyofeli Tu misTvis<br />
WeSmariti gzis maCvenebeli? ra epiTetiT Seamkobdnen mas Tavisi TanamoZmeebi?..<br />
aqtivoba 3. „magidis garSemo wera~ _ (12-15 wT.):<br />
meTodis aRwera:<br />
a) moswavleebi dajgufdebian magidis garSemo. TiToeul jgufSi daaxloebiT 4-5 moswavlea.<br />
vacnobT Temas: „abo _ samSoblos uarmyofeli Tu misTvis WeSmariti gzis maCvenebli~.<br />
b) vTxovT moamzadon furclebi, kalmebi da Seudgnen weras. winaswar ganvusazRvravT dros _<br />
daaxloebiT 2-3 wuTs.<br />
g) rodesac dro amoiwureba, SevaCerebT moswavleebs, miuxedavad imisa, daasrules Tu ara naSromi.<br />
vTxovT, furceli marjvniv mjdoms gadascen, xolo axali furceli marcxniv mjdomisagan<br />
miiRon.<br />
d) vTxovT, waikiTxon megobris namuSevari da daasrulon/gaagrZelon.<br />
e) ase grZeldeba manam, sanam jgufis yvela wevrs Tavisi naweri ar daubrundeba (SeiZleba furceli<br />
2 an 3 wreze davatrialoT).<br />
v) rodesac furceli wreze moZraobas daasrulebs, moswavleebs vTxovT jgufurad ganixilon<br />
naweri da Seitanon koreqtivebi;<br />
z) jgufebs vTxovT warudginon Tavisi naSromi klass.<br />
aqtivoba 4. teqstis mxatvruli analizi (5-7 wT.):<br />
_ ra dialogi gaimarTa abosa da msajuls Soris meore Sexvedrisas?<br />
_ amiras xasiaTis ra Tvisebebi vlindeba mis kiTxvebSi? abos xasiaTis ra Tvisebebi vlindeba mis<br />
pasuxebSi? (gaiTvaliswineT emociuri foni).<br />
_ abos naTqvamma romelma frazam ganarisxa amira yvelaze metad? ra gadawyvetileba miiRo man?<br />
daimaxsovreT: nawarmoebis im nawils, romelSic mdgomareoba yvelaze metad iZabeba da winaaRmdegoba<br />
umaRles wertils aRwevs, kulminacia ewodeba.<br />
_ moZebneT teqstSi is adgili, sadac moqmedeba kulminacias aRwevs.<br />
_ ra Tviseba gamoavlina abom sikvdilis win?<br />
_ rogor dasajes abo?<br />
_ rogor moeqcnen abos gvams arabebi?<br />
_ ra sawauli mouvlina ufalma qristianebs da raSi gamoixata am saswaulis Zala?<br />
daimaxsovreT: im adgils mxatvrul nawarmoebSi, romelic gvixatavs winaaRmdegobis damTavrebas<br />
34
da am damTavrebis Sedegad Seqmnil mdgomareobas, kvanZis gaxsna ewodeba.<br />
_ waikiTxeT teqstidan is adgili, sadac kvanZis gaxsnaa mocemuli.<br />
aqtivoba 5. Sefaseba (2-3 wT.).<br />
aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT.): Sin damoukideblad waikiTxon teqstis meoTxe Tavi da<br />
moemzadon klasSi misi komentirebisaTvis; moiZion romelime nawarmoebi cnobili qarTveli mwerlisa,<br />
romelmac es teqsti sabWoTa aRmSeneblobis (sabWoTa patriotizmis, komunisturi moralis...)<br />
Temaze Seqmna. imsjelon, ramdenad SeiZleba miviCnioT igi dakveTiT Seqmnilad (vin SeiZleboda<br />
yofiliyo damkveTi, ra daukveTa, ra mizniT daukveTa...).<br />
VI gakveTili<br />
aqtivoba 1. prezentacia (7-10 wT.): moswavleebs unda moeZiebinaT romelime nawarmoebi cnobili<br />
qarTveli mwerlisa, romelmac es teqsti sabWoTa aRmSeneblobis (sabWoTa patriotizmis, komunisturi<br />
moralis...) Temaze Seqmna. acnoben klass TavianT mosazrebas, ratom miaCniaT igi SekveTiT<br />
dawerilad, ramdenad gamoxatavs igi damkveTis (amjerad sabWoTa xelisuflebis) azrs, saTando<br />
argumentebiT asabuTeben sakuTar Sexedulebebs. SeiZleba es prezentacia gadaizardos diskusiaSi,<br />
maswavlebelma unda izrunos, rom igi ar gascdes pezentaciis CarCoebs.<br />
aqtivoba 2. Sin wakiTxuli teqstis komentireba (10-12 wT.):<br />
_ ras eZRvneba es monakveTi?<br />
_ ras Seagonebs mwerali mkiTxvels? risken mouwodebs mas?<br />
_ Tavisi mosazrebis gasamyareblad ra paralelebs avlebs bibliasTan? saxarebasTan? ratom<br />
mimarTavs igi am paralelebs?<br />
_ romeli striqonebiT gamoxatavs avtori Tavis damokidebulebas momxdaris mimarT?<br />
_ raze migvaniSnebs misi sityvebi: `kualad meSinis me dadumebad~?<br />
_ waikiTxeT teqstidan is sityvebi, romliTac igi qebas asxams abos. ra mxatvrul xerxebs iyenebs<br />
mis Sesamkobad?<br />
_ rogor aRwers mwerali meSvide saukunis qarTls?<br />
_ ra miaCnia mas qristianobis mTavar safrTxed?<br />
_ rogor afasebs arabTa sarwmunoebas? ra epiTetebiT moixseniebs mas?<br />
_ ras Tvlis abos damsaxurebad?<br />
aq moswavleebi SeiZleba davakvirvoT am monakveTis (meoTxe Tavi) Janrul Taviseburebaze _ igi<br />
himnografiis nimuSs warmoadgens, SeiZleba gavavlebinoT paralelebi wina klasebSi Seswavlil am<br />
Janris teqstebTan.<br />
_ vin daukveTa iovane sabanisZes abos cxovrebisa da mowamebrivi aRsasrulis aRwera? visi,<br />
romeli sazogadoebis interesebi unda gaeTvaliswinebina mas? Tu Cans es teqstSi?<br />
_ ramdenad sainteresod da gasagebad migaCniaT Tanamedrove qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis dRes<br />
es teqsti? ramdenad aqtualurad geCvenebaT igi dRes? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri.<br />
aqtivoba 3. Sejameba: (7-10 wT.):<br />
_ literaturaTmcodneobaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis Tanaxmad, iovane sabanisZes erTni eriskacad,<br />
xolo meoreni sasuliero pirad miiCneven. teqstis Seswavlis Semdeg Tqven romel azrs<br />
iziarebT? ratom? imsjeleT.<br />
_ gaavleT teqstobrivi paralelebi iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wamebasa~ da iovane sabanisZis<br />
`abos wamebas~ Soris da aRniSneT, ra msgavseba-gansxvaveba SeniSneT? riT hgavs es ori nawarmoebi<br />
erTmaneTs? riT gansxvavdeba? ra saerTo aqvs am or personaJs? hagiografiuli Janris Taviseburebani<br />
rogor aris gadmocemuli TiToeul teqstSi?<br />
aqtivoba 4. teqstis mxatvrul mxareze dakvirveba (7-10 wT.):<br />
aq moswavleebs vakvirvebT „abos wamebis~ Janrul mravalferovnebaze: mas romelime erT qve-<br />
Janrs ver mivakuTvnebT, radgan Txzulebis pirveli Tavi („RmrTismsaxurTa da martvilTmoyuareTa<br />
krebulisaTvis Txrobai da moZRurebai da axlisa amis mowamisa habois xsenebai~) homiletika,<br />
anu qadagebis Janria, meore da mesame nawilebi („qarTlad Semoslvai da naTlis-Rebai netarisa haboisi~,<br />
„martvilobai wmidisa haboisi~) _ hagiografiulia, meoTxe Tavi („qebai sanatrelisa wmidisa<br />
haboisi~) himnografiis, anu qebis, sagaloblis Janrs ganekuTvneba, xolo or werils, romlebic<br />
35
wamZRvarebuli aqvs teqsts, mkvlevrebi qarTuli epistolaruli Janris Canasaxsac uwodeben.<br />
aseve yuradReba maxvildeba teqstis kompoziciur Taviseburebebze:<br />
_ ra realuri ambavi aqcia iovane sabanisZem mxatvrul nawarmoebad? Zalian mokled, ramdenime<br />
winadadebiT gadmoeciT es ambavi Semdegi kiTxvebis mixedviT:<br />
_ sadauri iyo abo da rogor moxvda igi qarTlSi?<br />
_ rogor warimarTa abos cxovreba qarTlSi Camosvlis Semdeg?<br />
_ rogor moeqcnen arabebi gaqristianebul abos?<br />
_ gaixseneT: nawarmoebSi gadmocemuli ambis mSrali Txroba aris fabula. fabulis wyarod<br />
xSirad iyeneben realobaSi momxdar ambavs an gadmocemas.<br />
_ daakvirdiT: ramdeni Tavisagan Sedgeba abos wameba?<br />
_ raze mogviTxrobs I Tavi?<br />
_ ris Sesaxebaa saubari II TavSi da ramdenad bunebrivad, organulad, ukavSirdeba igi I Tavs?<br />
_ ras aRwers hagiografi III TavSi da ramdenad organulad ebmis is I da II Tavebs?<br />
_ romel Janrs ganekuTvneba Txzulebis IV Tavi? gansazRvreT ramdenad aucilebelia aq gamoTqmuli<br />
azrebi imis Sesacnobad, rac I-III TavebSi waikiTxeT?<br />
daimaxsovreT: nawarmoebis nawilebis SerCevasa da dalageba-dakavSirebas kompozicia ewodeba.<br />
_ daakvirdiT: rogor aRwers iovane sabanisZe qarTlis mdgomareobas?<br />
_ sad da vin daibara nerse erisTavi da rogor moeqca mas xalifa?<br />
_ vin iyo abo da riT iyo ganpirobebuli misi qarTlSi wamosvla?<br />
_ rogor cxovrobda qarTlSi Camosuli abo da ra gadawyvetileba miiRo man?<br />
_ sad moinaTla abo?<br />
_ rogor moxvda abo afxazeTSi? ra mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba miiRo afxazeTSi myofma<br />
abom? ra mizniT wavida igi qarTlSi?<br />
_ ra moiTxova Tbilisis amiram abosgan da rogor moeqca igi wmindans?<br />
_ aRwereT abos cxovreba sapyrobileSi.<br />
_ ra mxatvruvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori personaJTa xasiaTis gasaxsnelad da mTavari<br />
saTqmelis gadmosacemad?<br />
daimaxsovreT: Tanmimdevrulad da logikurad ganviTarebul ambavTa da movlenaTa urTierTSekavSireba-ganviTarebas,<br />
romelSiac mJRavndeba moqmed pirTa xasiaTebi da urTierToba, ewodeba nawarmoebis<br />
siuJeti.<br />
eqspozicia, kvanZi, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna siuJetis nawilebia.<br />
aqtivoba 5. weris strategia 3, 2, 1. (5-7 wT.): 3 ram, rac am teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg damamaxsovrda;<br />
2 ram, ramac damafiqra; 1 ram, ris Sesaxebac ufro metis gagebas visurvebdi. (es davaleba sruldeba<br />
individualurad).<br />
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba (2-3 wT.).<br />
aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT.): teqstis meoTxe TavTan mocemuli „Tvalsazrisebidan~ air-<br />
Cion erT-erT da moemzadon diskusiisaTvis; werilobiT aagon teqsti: „qarTli meSvide saukuneSi~.<br />
teqstis agebisas gaiTvaliswinon: visTvis, romeli sazogadoebisTvis, auditoriisTvis qmnian mas<br />
(am SemTxvevaSi TavianTi TanatolebisaTvis, TanaklaselebisaTvis), ra daniSnuleba aqvs am teqsts,<br />
ratom, ra mizniT qmnis avtori mas(am SemTxvevaSi mizania informaciis miwodeba). am faqtorebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT SearCion stili.<br />
Sedegebi:<br />
X.1. moswavles SeuZlia monawileobis miReba saklaso da saskolo diskusiebSi.<br />
X.4. moswavles SeuZlia TanaklaselTa zepiri moxsenebebis gaanalizeba da Sefaseba.<br />
X.6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTi organizebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
X.7. moswavles SeuZlia ganasxvavos teqstSi faqtobrivi, konceptualuri da qveteqsturi informacia.<br />
X.8. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebebis, publicisturi Txzulebebis<br />
wakiTxva da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva.<br />
X.11. moswavles SeuZlia daweros Txzuleba sxvadasxva mizniT da sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis.<br />
X.16. moswavles SeuZlia weris strategiebis gamoyeneba naweris organizebisaTvis.<br />
36
3. SoTa rusTaveli _ `vexistyaosani~<br />
meToduri komentarebi<br />
skolaSi poemis teqstze muSaobis ZiriTad formad specialistebi (g. nioraZe, `narkvevebi literaturis<br />
swavlebis sakiTxebze~, 1960; m. TaboriZe, `vefxistyaosnis literaturul-esTetikuri analizi<br />
skolaSi~, Tb. 2000w; n. ruxaZe, `SoTa rusTaveli skolaSi~ Tb. 1992w; el. TaboriZe, `qarTuli<br />
literaturis swavlebis meTodikis saleqcio kursi~, Tb. 2009...) miiCneven komentirebul kiTxvas.<br />
teqsti, romlis komentirebasac vaxdenT, moswavleebs winaswar unda hqondeT wakiTxuli. gamoyofen<br />
komentirebuli kiTxvis or saxes: 1. klasSi wakiTxuli teqstis komentireba, 2. Sin wakiTxulis komentireba.<br />
sasurvelia, maswavlebelma winaswar gansazRvros is adgilebi, romelTa komentirebac<br />
moxdeba klasSi. Cveulebriv, poemis teqstis komentireba amgvarad xdeba: poema iyofa nawyvetebad,<br />
romelTa dasawyis strofebs (da ara mTel Tavs) maswavlebeli kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT da<br />
axdens wakiTxulis komentirebas (g. nioraZe, dasax. Sroma, gv. 83-84). nawyvetis umetes nawils moswavleebi<br />
damoukideblad waikiTxaven, magram aucilebelia Semdeg maTi komentireba (gamonaklisad<br />
SeiZleba miviCnioT zogierTi sakvanZo Tavi, romelic Tavisi sirTulisa da moculobis gamo Sei-<br />
Zleba mTlianad maswavlebelma waukiTxos klass gamometyvelebiT). mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba<br />
teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocemaze muSaoba. Sinaarsis Txroba sasurvelia xdebodes teqstTan miaxloebiT.<br />
yuradReba eqceva personaJTa damaxasiaTebel adgilebs, mxatvruli gamosaxvis saSualebebs.<br />
saWiroa Tu ara yvela mxatvruli saxisa da saxe-simbolos axsna? albaT ara, ramdenadac yvela saxe<br />
verc gaSinaarsdeba da arc aris es aucilebeli, mTavaria moswavleebi davafiqroT mxatvruli xerxebis<br />
funqciaze nawarmoebSi, gavarkvioT, Tu maTi gamoyenebiT risi Tqma surs avtors.<br />
wina wlebSi, rodesac qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebas gansazRvravda saswavlo<br />
programa, zustad iyo miTiTebuli am teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebisaTvis saaTebis raodenoba. igi<br />
meryeobda 40-50 sT-is farglebSi. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom am periodSi poemis mTliani teqstis<br />
swavleba gansazRvruli iyo ZiriTadad IX klasSi. amJamad ki erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT<br />
poemis calkeuli epizodebi iswavleba saskolo ganaTlebis sxvadasxva safexurze: rogorc dawyebiT,<br />
ise sabaziso da saSualo safexurebze. es maswavlebels saSualebas aZlevs klasis saerTo<br />
donisa da SesaZleblobis safuZvelze Tavad gansazRvros am masalisaTvis gamoyofili saswavlo<br />
saaTebis raodenoba.<br />
saorientaciod am teqstze muSaobisaTvis gamoyofili saaTebi amgvarad SeiZleba gavanawiloT:<br />
1. Sesavali mecadineoba:<br />
a) Zveli qarTuli mwerloba (wina gakveTilebze Seswavlili masalis Sejameba);<br />
b) saqarTvelo XII saukuneSi, sazogadoebriv-politikuri foni da kultura;<br />
c) informacia poemis avtoris Sesaxeb, poemis xalxuri versiebi (mokle mimoxilva) – 1 sT.<br />
2. teqstze muSaoba _ 25 sT.<br />
3. teqstis analizi/Sejameba _ 4 sT.<br />
qvemoT gTavazobT poemis teqstis komentirebiT kiTxvis nimuSs (masala amoRebulia mariam<br />
TaboriZis <strong>wigni</strong>dan: „vefxistyaosnis literaturul-esTetikuri analizi skolaSi ~, Tb. 2000,<br />
gv. 113-124 ):<br />
teqstze muSaobis nimuSebi<br />
nawyveti I. ambavi rostevan arabTa mefisa; rostevan mefisagan da avTandilisagan nadiroba.<br />
`vefxistyaosanis~ siuJeti iwyeba prologis Semdeg. `ambavi rostevan arabTa mefisa~. _ ase<br />
uwoda pirvel Tavs rusTavelma da amiT gvauwya, rom poemaSi moqmedeba arabeTis mefis karze vi-<br />
Tardeba.<br />
maswavlebeli gamometyvelebiT kiTxulobs oc strofs, 33-dan 52-is CaTvliT. pirveli Tavi<br />
iwyeba mefe rostevanis daxasiaTebiT. rusTaveli rostevanis portrets erTi mxatvruli xerxis _<br />
epiTetis gamoyenebiT xatavs da amiT qmnis mefis mTlian xats.<br />
viwyebT teqstis ganmeorebiT kiTxvas, moswavleebs vakiTxebT 33-e strofs. masSi daxatulia<br />
mefis Rrmad gaazrebuli saxe, CamoTvlilia misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi: igia maRali, uxvi, mdabali,<br />
laSqar-mravali, ymiani. sagulisxmoa, rom am CamonaTvals win uZRvis strofis pirveli striqoni:<br />
`iyo arabeTs rostevan, mefe RmrTisagan sviani~.<br />
saskolo `vefxistyaosnis~ ganmartebaSi sityva `sviani~ axsnilia rogorc bednieri. qarTul<br />
metyvelebaSi ixmareba gamoTqma: `sve-bednieri~. sityva `sves~ aq sxva datvirTva aqvs. `sve~ TiTqos<br />
bedis mniSvnelobas iZens. sasurvelia, aixsnas mTlianad gamoTqma `RmrTisagan sviani~. amasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
moswavleebs mivawodoT informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi<br />
garda bednierebisa, sviani axsnilia rogorc kargi svis, bedis mqone. davafiqroT amaze<br />
moswavleebi da vecadoT, rom maT gagviziaron sakuTaxri azri. sabolood maswavlebeli akeTebs<br />
37
daskvnas: gamoTqmaSi `mefe RmrTisagan sviani~ xazi esmeba imas, rom es bedi Tu bedniereba mefes<br />
RmrTisagan aqvs miniWebuli.<br />
33-e strofis momdevno taeps moswavleebi advilad xsnian. pirvelive strofSi CamoTvlilia<br />
rostevanis xasiaTis Tvisebebi. maRali sulieri bunebis mqonea rostevani. mas axasiaTebs siuxve,<br />
Tavmdabloba. igi samarTliania, mowyale da imav dros morWmuli. rostevani qveyanas ganagebs sibrZniTa<br />
da ZaliT. yuradReba gamaxvildeba 33-e strofis bolo saleqso striqonze: `TviT meomari<br />
uebro, kvla moubari wyliani~. ra saerTo unda hqondes am or Tvisebas: uebro meomari da wyliani<br />
moubari. rogorc Cans, es ori Tviseba SemTxveviT ar aris erTad warmodgenili. rusTavelis azriT,<br />
mefe meomaric unda iyos da xalxTan saubaric unda SeeZlos.<br />
amgvari muSaoba gagrZeldeba momdevno strofzedac. maswavlebeli teqstis Sinaarss ki ar<br />
mouTxrobs moswavleebs, aramed saubris (kiTxva-pasuxis) meTodis gamoyenebiT warmarTavs moswavleTa<br />
msjelobas. Cven am garemoebas sagangebod vusvamT xazs, radgan, rogorc aRiniSna, skolaSi<br />
damkvidrebuli mavne Cveva, teqstis Sinaarsis Txroba maswavleblis mier, moswavleebs ukargavs<br />
nawarmoebis kiTxvis interess, anelebs maT aqtivobas, xolo rodesac isini uSualod muSaoben teqstze,<br />
kiTxuloben nawarmoebs klasSi an Sin, xalisiT ebmebian komentirebuli kiTxvis procesSi,<br />
gamoaqvT saTanado daskvnebi.<br />
saWiro iqneba xelmeored wavakiTxoT moswavleebs 34-e strofi. sagangebo yuradReba mieqceva<br />
TinaTinis damaxasiaTebel adgils. igi yofila `soflisa mnaTi mnaTobi, mzisaca dasTa dasuli~.<br />
rogorc striqonis pirveli, ise meore naxevari astraluri simbolikis nimuSad unda miviCnioT.<br />
silamaziT cis mnaTobTa sadaria TinaTini. mis garegnobas avtori saxe-simboloebiT gvixatavs:<br />
qveynisa mnaTi mnaTobi mzea, xolo mzis dasi varskvlebisagan Sedgeba. `dasTa dasuli~ aliteraciaa,<br />
romelsac avtori moxdenilad iyenebs TinaTinis pirtretis srulyofisaTvis. moswavleebs<br />
aqve mivawvdiT informacias imis Sesaxeb, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebis portrets, maT garegnobas<br />
avtori ar akonkretebs. Cven ar viciT ra ferisaa TinaTinis Tmebi, Tvalebi Tu saxis sxva nakvTebi.<br />
rac xels ar gviSlis warmovidginoT ulamazesi garegnobis mqone asuli, romlis Semkoba, qeba<br />
mxolod brZens xelewifeba. momdevno 35-e strofSic amave xerxs mimarTavs avtori gmiri qalis<br />
portretuli xatis Sesaqmnelad: `ra gaizarda, gaivso, mze misgan sawunaria~. rogorc vxedavT,<br />
arc aq konkretdeba TinaTinis garegnoba. TiTqos avtori mkiTxvels utovebs SesaZleblobas, sakuTri<br />
fantaziiT Seqmnas ciur mnaTobTa sadari gmiris xati. portretis xatvis arapirdapir xerxs<br />
rusTaveli xSirad iyenebs sxva gmirebis daxasiaTebis drosac.<br />
moswavleebs vavalebT iqve moiZion strofi, romelSic pirvelad aris naxsenebi avTandili:<br />
`avTandil iyo spaspeti, Ze amir spasalarisa,<br />
sarosa mjobi, nazardi, msgavsi mzisa da mTvarisa,<br />
jerT uwveruli, sadaro brol-mina sacnobarisa;<br />
mas TinaTinis Sveneba hklvidis wamwamTa jarisa~ (41).<br />
strofis pirvel striqonSi poemis avtori avTandilis vinaobas gvamcnobs: avTandil iyo spaspeti,<br />
amir-spasalaris Ze Svili. mesame saleqso striqonSi gmiris garegnobas poeti kvlav epiTetebis<br />
gamoyenebiT gvixatavs. avTandili uwveruli, e.i. sruliad axalgazrda, sarosa mjobi, nazardi. am<br />
epiTetebis axsna, maTi funqciis garkveva moswavleebs ar gauWirdebaT, meore striqonSi vkiTxulobT:<br />
msgavsi mzisa da mTvarisa. kvlav astraluri saxe-simboloa gamoyenebuli. gmiris portreti<br />
ar konkretdeba, cis mnaTobTa moxmobiT ixateba mzisa da mTvaris Sesadari garegnobis raindi.<br />
`mas TinaTinis Sveneba hkvlidis wamwamTa jarisa~, _ metaforaa, romliTac gvauwyebs avtori, rom<br />
avTandili gamijnurebulia TinaTinze.<br />
sasurvelia, aqve mivawodoT moswavleebs informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom astraluri simboloebis<br />
gamoyenebiT gmiris portretis xatva uZvelesi tradiciaa, romelic saTaves Zveli berZnuli eposidan<br />
iRebs. mas xSirad mimarTavs homerosi Tavis poemebSi. unda vifiqroT, rom rusTaveli kargad<br />
icnobda berZnul mwerlobas. saxe-simboloebis gamoyenebis garkveul tradicias qmnis qarTuli<br />
zepirsityvierebac.<br />
moswavleebs vavalebT, `vefxistyaosnis~ teqstze muSaobisas daakvirdnen am xerxis gamoyenebis<br />
nimuSebs da poemidan amokribon astraluri simbolikis magaliTebi.<br />
amgvarad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom gmirTa portretis xatvisas rusTaveli xSirad iyenebs arapirdapir<br />
xerxs, e.i. pirdapir, konkretulad ki ar migvaniSnebs, rogoria misi personaJebis garegnoba,<br />
aramed arapirdapir, saxe-simboloebis gamoyenebiT, TiTqos SesaZleblobas gvitovebs, Cvens<br />
warmodgenaSi fantaziiT SevqmnaT saxe gmiri raindebisa _ davfiqrdeT imaze, Tu ZiriTadad ra<br />
mxatvruli xerxebiT xatavs rusTaveli gmirTa xasiaTis Tvisebebs, maT garegnobas. pasuxi gaecema<br />
or kiTxvas: ra aris daxatuli da rogor. es aris kiTxvebi, romelTa saSualebiTac warimarTeba<br />
msjeloba nawarmoebis literaturul-esTetikuri analizisas. klasSi Catarebuli samuSaos analogiiT<br />
moswavleebi Sin wakiTxul masalasac am kiTxvebis mixedviT gaiazreben. maTTvis ukve garkveulia,<br />
rom rodesac vmsjelobT nawarmoebze, uTuod xazs unda vusvamdeT imas, Tu ra aris masSi<br />
38
daxatuli, ra problemebi daayena mweralma mkiTxvelis winaSe, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovania<br />
is, Tu rogori mxatvruli forma mouZebna mweralma Tavis naazrevs, rogor miaRwia Sinaarsisa da<br />
formis harmonias.<br />
kvlav davubrundeT 34-e strofs, romlis me-2 da me-4 sqolio striqonebis komentari ukve<br />
Catarda, magram pirveli taepi auxsneli davtoveT. moswavleebs wavakiTxoT es saleqso striqoni.<br />
`sxva Ze ar esva mefesa, mart oden martod asuli~.<br />
sityva Ze Cveulebrivad vaJiSvils niSnavs. am mniSvnelobiTac gvxvdeba igi `vefxistyaosanSi~,<br />
magram moxmobil taepSi zogadad Svilis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari. asevea es sityva axsnili saskolo<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ ganmartebaSi: Ze _ Svili (vaJi an qali). ufro qveviT (37-e strofis me-4 taepi)<br />
rostevani ambobs:<br />
`Cemi Ze davsvaT xemlwifed, visgan mze sawunelia~. aqac Ze Svilis mniSvnelobiT aris naxmari,<br />
Tumca ukve viciT, rom mefes erTaderTi asuli hyavs mxolod.<br />
ilia abulaZis Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi miniSnebulia, rom Ze _ Svilia, magram iqvea miwerili<br />
sqesis aRmniSvneli sityva _ vaJi, xolo qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi Ze axsnilia<br />
rogorc adamianis Svili mamrobiTi sqesisa _ vaJiSvili. sityva Ze-s zogadi mniSvnelobiT (Svili)<br />
xmareba rusTavelis damkvidrebuli unda iyos. ra axsna SeiZleba amas moeZebnos? 34-e strofis<br />
pirvel saleqso striqonSi sityva Zis gverdiT rostevani asulsac xmarobs, magram cota qveviT<br />
mefe vazirebs mimarTavs: Cemi Ze davsvaT mefedo. moswavleebs vTxovT, dafiqrdnen da gagviziaron<br />
Tavisi mosazreba, Tu ratom uwodebs rostevani TinaTins Zes. maswavlebeli akeTebs daskvnas: iqneb,<br />
amiT imis Tqma unda mwerals, rom rostevanis asuli _ TinaTini Tavisi gonierebiTa da sibrZniT<br />
samefo taxtis Rirseuli memkvidrea. aqve yuradRebas mivapyrobT rostevanis TaTbirs vazirebTan.<br />
sevdanarevia es TaTbiri da rCeva mefisa. igi adamianis xanmokle sicocxles adarebs bunebaSi arsebul<br />
ucvlel kanons:<br />
`ra vardman Tvisi yavili gaaxmos, daamWnarosa,<br />
igi wava da sxva mova turfasa sabaRnarosa;<br />
mze Cagvisvenda, bnelsa vWvretT Ramesa umTenarosa~. (36, 2-4)<br />
risTvis dasWirda avtors vardis simbolika, ratom pirdapir ar gaando rostevanma vazirebs<br />
saTqmeli? mefes surs, daarwmunos misi qveSevrdomni miRebuli gadawyvetilebis aucilebloba-<br />
Si. amitom pirdapir ki ar gaumxels vazirebs Tavis gulisnadebs, aramed maT Seaxsenebs bunebis<br />
gardauval kanons da am mizniT garkveul paralels avlebs vardis xanmokle sicocxlesa da adamianis<br />
arsebobas Soris.<br />
rostevanis azriT, es qveyana turfa sabaRnaroa. moswavleebs SevaxsenebT prologis pirvelsave<br />
strofSi naxmar gamoTqmas: `Cven, kacTa mogvca qveyana, gvaqvs uTvalavi feriTa.~ turfa baRnari<br />
_ es qveyana, Semkuli uTvalavi feriT, ucvleli rCeba, magram adamianebi ibadebian, cxovroben,<br />
berdebian da kvdebian. poetma erTmaneTs Seadara adamianisa da vardis xanmokle sicocxle.<br />
ra vuyoT, rom vardis sicocxle ufro xanmoklea, msgavseba didia, ganaCeni ucilobeli da mkacri:<br />
`igi wava da sxva mova turfasa sabaRnarosa~.<br />
moxuci adamianis mZime sulier ganwyobas gamoxatavs rostevanis sityvebi:<br />
`me gardasrulvar, sibere mWirs, WirTa ufro Znelia,<br />
dRes ara, xvale movkvdebi, sofeli asre mqmnelia;<br />
raRaa igi sinaTle rasaca axlavs bnelia?!~ (37,1-3)<br />
mefe ar faravs moaxloebuli dasasruliT gamowveul tkivils, magram es xels ar uSlis, izrunos<br />
qveynis momavalze, saimedo memkvidre Tavis sicocxleSive gaamefos.<br />
axsna dasWirdeba 38-e strofis bolo taeps.:<br />
`mTvaresa mcxralsa varskvlavman viTarca hkadra mteroba?!~ moswavleebs avaxsnevinoT am alegoriuli<br />
simboloebis mniSvneloba, vkiTxoT, vin igulisxmeba mTvareSi, ras unda niSnavdes sityva<br />
mcxrali an ra Sinaarsi devs gamoTqmaSi: `varskvlavman viTarca hkadra mteroba~. 38-e strofi kargad<br />
aris axsnili saskolo vefxistyaosanSi~, magram jobs, jer moswavleebma imsjelon masze saer-<br />
Tod da kerZod, me-4 taepze; Semdeg waikiTxon striqonis axsna, mocemul ganmartebaSi. aqve Cans, Tu<br />
rogor anugeSeben vazirni mefes. isini ar pirferoben; kvlav vards iSveliebs simbolurad avtori:<br />
`vardi Tu gaxmes, egreca gvmarTebs misive jeroba:<br />
misive hmetobs yovelsa suli da turfa feroba.~ (38,2-3).<br />
39
Tu sicocxlis vardi dagviWkna unda davmorCildeT beds; gamxmar vards ar ekargeba surneli,<br />
damWknaric ki igi sxvebze amaod sayurebeli iqneba. es erTi mosazrebaa, iqneb moswavleebs sxva<br />
mosazrebac gauCndeT.<br />
daskvnas maswavlebeli akeTebs: mxatvrul saxeTa saSualebiT, gansakuTrebiT vardis simbolikis<br />
gamoyenebiT `vefxistyaosanSi~ brwyinvaled aris daxatuli gmirTa sulieri gancdebi, vazirTa<br />
Tavazianoba, mefis sulieri tkivilebi da imave dros zrunva Tavisi qveynisa da xalxis bedze.<br />
vazirni uwoneben mefes gadawyvetilebas: `sjobs da mas miec mefoba, visgan mze Senaflobia~<br />
(39,4). mze Senaflobia, e.i. mze damarcxebulia. TinaTini Tavisi mSvenebiT mzesac amarcxebs. kvlav<br />
cis mnaTobia gamoyenebuli TinaTinis silamazis gadmosacemad, magram amjerad igi simbolo ar<br />
aris, aramed realuri mzea, romlis brwyinvalebac ki iCrdileba TinaTinis gverdiT. es ufro hiperbolaa<br />
(gazviadebaa), vidre saxe-simbolo. moswavleebs vavalebT: nawyvetidan, rogorc klasSi,<br />
ise Sin wakiTxuli teqstidan amoweron saxe-simboloebis nimuSebi (astraluri simboloka, vardis<br />
simbolika), daakvirdnen maT funqcias nawarmoebSi.<br />
xSirad davas iwvevs Semdegi strofi:<br />
`Tuca qalia, xelmwifed marT RmrTisa danabadia;<br />
ar ganTevT, icis mefoba, uTqvenod gviTqvams kvla dia;<br />
SuqTa misTaebr saqmeca misi mzebr ganacxadia.<br />
lekvi lomisa sworia, Zu iyos, Tunda xvadia~. (40)<br />
Secdomaa aq saubari mamakacisa da dedakacis Tanasworobaze. strofis azri ase unda aixsnas:<br />
lekvi lomisa _msgavsia, Zu iqneba Tu xvadi, e.i. vaJi qneba Tu qali, Svili mSobels emsgavseba.<br />
rostevani gascems brZanebas da xalxs atyobinebs TinaTinis gamefebis ambavs. moswavleebs<br />
xelmeored vakiTxebT am strofs (44,45,46). isini am adgils advilad xsnian: yvelas sixaruli eufleba.<br />
aq aris pir-mze avTandili, vaziri sograt, mefis qveSevrdomni. irgvliv saerTo mxiaruleba<br />
sufevs, magram ikvreba kvanZi, momdevno 47-e strofis bolo taepi gvauwyebs:<br />
`qali tirs da cremlsa afrqvevs, xris yornisa bolo-frTaTa~.<br />
yornis bolo-frTebi TinaTinis wamwamebia. am brwyinvale metaforas avtori iyenebs TinaTinis<br />
mwuxarebis gadmosacemad (amgvarad, gairkva strofSi gamoyenebuli metaforis funqcia). ram Seawuxa<br />
mefe qali, romelic mamam aiyvana samefo taxtze, sakuTari xeliT daadga gvirgvini da misca<br />
skiptra? sxva dideba aRar arsebobs, ra unda iyos glovis mizezi? Semdegi strofidan vigebT TinaTinis<br />
mwuxarebis mizezs. moswavles vakiTxebT 48-e strofs.<br />
TinaTinis cremlebi misi Tavmdablobis mauwyebelia:<br />
`mamisa taxtsa sajdomad Tavi ar eRirseboda,<br />
amad tirs, baRi vardisa cremliTa aivseboda;<br />
mefe swvrTis: mama yoveli Zisagan iTavseboda,<br />
amisad qmnamdis damwveli cecxli ar damevseboda~.(48)<br />
davakvirdeT 48-e strofis Cven mier gaxazul mesame striqons: `mama yoveli Zisagan iTavseboda~.<br />
saskolo `vefxistyaosanSi~ Zisagan iTavseboda axsnilia rogorc icvleboda. amgvari ganmarteba<br />
mTlad misaRebi ar unda iyos. ufro swori Cans viqtor nozaZis Sexeduleba: `mefe arigebs Tina-<br />
Tins, rom mama yoveli (TviT mama-RmerTi) Zisagan (ieso qristesagan) iTavseboda, e.i. Tavsdeboda...<br />
anu yoveli Ze Tavis adgils iWers, sulerTia mamis memkvidre qalia Tu asuli! amgvari axsna erTgvarad<br />
avsebs me-40 strofSi gamoTqmul azrs.<br />
maswavleblis daskvnaSi dabejiTebiT unda gaesvas xazi avtoris mier gatarebul Sexedulebas,<br />
rom Svili (vaJia igi Tu qali) mSobels emsgavseba da Ze (vaJia igi Tu qali) mamis adgils iWers.<br />
moswavleebs wavakiTxebT 50,51,52 strofebs, movaxdenT maT komentirebas, magram aucileblad<br />
migvaCnia, yuradReba mivaqcioT wina, 49-e strofis meoTxe striqons, romliTac iwyeba mamis<br />
darigeba:<br />
`xarmca brZnad mqmneli saqmisa, iyav wynari da cnobili!~<br />
mamis darigeba moklea, magram didi sibrZnis Semcveli: mefes unda SeeZlos saqmis brZnulad<br />
gansja, iyos wynari da gonieri.<br />
ismenda mamis darigebas TinaTini, wvrTnas ar moiwyinebdao, _ gvauwyebs poeti 52-e strofSi.<br />
mTavrdeba igi brwyinvale metaforiT:<br />
`TinaTin mzesa swunobda, magram mze TinaTinobda~.<br />
es ar aris sityvaTa TamaSi, masSi kvlav sibrZnea Caqsovili. mzesac ki swunobs TinaTini, riTi?<br />
sibrZniT, gonebiT, gulisyuriTa da TavmdablobiT. TiTqos aRtacebas veRar malavs poemis avtori<br />
da uxvad amkobs mefe qals.<br />
40
TinaTinis gamefeba Tamaris taxtze asvlas agonebs mkiTxvels. prologSive gvimxels mefeqalze<br />
gamijnurebuli poeti: `misi saxeli SefarviT qvemore miTqvams, miqia~ (19,3), magram arsad ise<br />
cxadad ar Cans TinaTinis saxeSi Tamari, rogorc am epizodSi. saocari msgavsebaa poetis xatadqceul<br />
Tamarsa da TinaTins Soris.<br />
zemoT aRniSnuli sami strofidan (50,51,52) sagangebod unda SevCerdeT pirvelze. mamis Segoneba<br />
rostevanisTvis Cveuli mWevrmetyvelebis nimuSia. moswavles vakiTxebT 50-e strofs da viwyebT<br />
teqstis axsnas:<br />
`vardTa da nexvTa vinaTgan mze sworad moefinebis,<br />
didTa da wvrilTa wyaloba Senca nu mogewyinebis!<br />
uxvi axsnilsa daabams, igi TviT ebis, vin ebis.<br />
uxvad gascemdi,zRvaTaca Sesdis da gaedinebis~.<br />
mefis wyaloba mzis wayalobis msgavsad yvelas efineba. aq erTmaneTs enacvleba mxatvruli<br />
gamosaxvis sxvadasxva saSualeba. upirveles yovilsa, moswavleebs SevaxsenebT aforizmis raobas,<br />
ganvmartavT, rom aforizmi aris mxatvrul saxeebad gacxadebuli sibrZe. sxvadasxva brZnuli azri<br />
masSi gamoxatulia mokled da lakonurad. mTlianad strofi mamis darigebas Seicavs.<br />
bolo strofebi aforizmebis siuxviT gamoirCeva. avxsniT aforizmebs, romlebSic Caqsovili<br />
sibrZne Rrma zneobrivi Rirebulebis Semcvelia. moswavleebi teqstidan amokreben aforizmis nimuSebs:<br />
`mefeTa Sigan siuxve, viT edems alva rgulia:<br />
uxvsa hmorCilobs yoveli, igica vin orgulia~...<br />
...rasaca gascem, Senia; rasc ara, dakargulia!~ (51)<br />
amiT mTavrdeba klasSi maswavleblis mier wakiTxuli epizodis (33-dan 52-e strofis CaTvliT)<br />
komentirebuli kiTxva.<br />
nawyvetis danarCen epizodebSi, romlebsac moswavleebi Sin waikiTxaven, Cans Tu rgor Seasrula<br />
TinaTinma mamis darigeba. am adgilebis komentireba moxda saSinao davalebis gamokiTxvisas<br />
klasSi, yuradReba gamaxvildeba Semdegi Tavis 74-e strofze. masSi sxvadasxva mxatvruli xerxis<br />
gamoyenebiT, ZiriTadad epiTetisa da metaforuli xerxis gamoyenebiT da monacvleobiT daxatulia<br />
avTandilis portreti:<br />
`dilasa adre movida igi nazardi sosani,<br />
ZoweuliTa mosili, pirad brol-badaxSosani,<br />
pir-oqro ride exvia, Svenoda qarqaSosani,<br />
mefesa gasvlad awvevda, modga TeTr-taiWosani~.<br />
avTandilis gamarjvebiT gamowveuli sixaruli asea gadmocemuli poemaSi:<br />
`mefesa ese ambavi uCs, viTa mRera nardisa,<br />
uxaris egre sikeTe misisa ganazardisa,<br />
aqvs mijnuroba amisi, viTa bulbulsa vardisa,<br />
siciliT laRobs, mieca guliT amosvla dardisa~. (84)<br />
vardisa da bulbulis mijnuroba aRmosavlur poeziaSi gavrcelebuli saxe-simboloa. amjerad,<br />
rusTaveli mas iyenebs avTandilis gamarjvebiT gamowveuli rostevanis udidesi sixarulisa da<br />
siyvarulis gamosaxatavad. Cven mier gaxazuli saleqso striqoni ki Sedarebis nimuSia, romelSic<br />
organulad aris CarTuli aRniSnuli saxe-simbolo.<br />
amrigad, komentirebuli kiTxva warmogvidgeba rogorc erTiani meToduri sistema, romelSic<br />
viyenebT sxvadasxva meTods (Txroba, saubari), xerxsa da saSualebas. moswavleebi Sin, damoukideblad<br />
kiTxuloben danarCen epizodebs, klasSi gadmoscemen mTeli nawyvetis Sinaarss teqstTan<br />
miaxloebiT.<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, teqstze muSaobisas yuradReba maxvildeba bibliuri paralelebis nimuSebze<br />
`vefxistyaosanSi~. SeiZleba yvela moswavles Sin ar hqondes Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebi, amitom<br />
sasurvelia, pedagogma moswavleebs Caawerinos `vefxistyaosnis~ bibliasTan Tanxvdomis nimuSebi.<br />
maT unda icodnen, rom paralelebis daZebna `vefxistyaosansa~ da biblias Soris TviTmizani ki ar<br />
aris, aramed teqstis analizis saSualebaa!<br />
41
4. sulxan-saba orbeliani (1658-1725)<br />
literaturuli komentarebi<br />
`monRolebis Semosevam gastexa qarTvelTa xerxemali. Ggamwirda fsiqika, sityva daavadda.<br />
dauZlurda. sintaqsi Seicvala Zireulad: rassiuli siwmindis magier _ aTasnairi naleki. aqedan<br />
sityvasa da TqmaSi _ metxorci, meWeWi, xorkli, xiwvi, daxorkeba, damZimeba, dambla.<br />
sityvam dakarga TavisTavadoba. gairyvna. aqedan dualizmi (gaoreba). nu sityvis gabiTureba.<br />
magaliTi uricxvi.<br />
mTeli istoria qarTuli sityvis monRolebis Semosevis Semdeg cda aris pirvandelis aRdgenis,<br />
cda keTilSobili, magram Ronemixdili.<br />
ganaxlebis xanaSi sagulisxmoa metad sulxan saba orbeliani. misi sibrZne sicruisa welSi<br />
gamarTvaa qarTuli sityvis.<br />
igi erTgulia pirvandelis.<br />
aqac simartive da lapidaroba (mokle, sxarti gamoxatva azrisa). `sibrZne sicruvisa~ namdvili<br />
muxlia qarTuli sityvis viTarebaSi. am mxriT is Seufasebelia...~<br />
(grigol robaqiZe, qarTuli prozisaTvis (proeqti))<br />
sulxan-saba orbelis Ze<br />
sibrZniT aRxda orbebis ze.<br />
`rusTvelis Semdeg Zvel saqarTvelos ara hyolia sulxan-saba orbelianze didi pirovneba. igi<br />
iyo sworupovari igavTmwerali da leqsikografi~ (s. caiSvili).<br />
sulxan-saba qarTvel feodalTa didebuli sagvareulos _ orbelianTa warmomadgeneli iyo.<br />
mamis mxriv ekuTvnoda baraTaSvil-orbeliSvilTa uZveles, uZlieres gvareulobas, dedisa _<br />
aragvis erisTavTa saxelganTqmul saxls.<br />
orbelianebi qvemo qarTlis did feodalur saxls warmoadgendnen.<br />
simon janaSia (Sromebi, t. II) uTiTebs, rom am gvars araferi aqvs saerTo XI-XII s.s. cnobil feodalur<br />
gvarTan, baRvaS-orbelianebTan, romlis yvelaze didi warmomadgenili, liparit baRvaSorbeliani<br />
XI s.-Si lamis saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefe iyo, upirispirdeboda saqarTvelos gaer-<br />
Tianebis mowadine bagrationebs.<br />
(Tavad saba Tavis leqsikonSi `baRvaSs~ ganmartavs, rogorc `saxls gamamwarebelTa~).<br />
baRvaSebi alagma daviT aRmaSenebelma. rogorc mematiane aRniSnavs liparitis Sesaxeb, `kudi<br />
ZaRlisa ara ganimarTebis, arca kirCxibi (kiborCxala) marTlad vals.~ daviTisave xanaSi dasustda<br />
da sabolood gadaSenda baRvaS-orbelianTa sagvareulo.<br />
daaxloebiT XIV s.-is miwuruls qvemo qarTlis daaxloebiT imave midamoebSi aRzevdeba bara-<br />
TaSvilTa feodaluri saxli, romlis samflobelosac moixsenieben sabaraTianod.<br />
sainteresoa, rom baRvaS-orbelianebica da baraTaSvilebic warmoSobiT dasavleT saqarTvelodan<br />
yofilan.<br />
baRvaSebi argveTidan gadmosulan qarTls. maTi sagvareulo sasaflao sofel kacxSi (imereTi)<br />
yofila.<br />
baraTaSvilTa winaprebi dasavlelqarTveli qaCibaisZe-qajibaisZeni yofilan (Tedo Jordania,<br />
simon janaSia).<br />
baraTaSvilTa sagvareulo ramdenime Stod daiyo: orbelianebi, yaflaniSvilebi, abaSiSvilebi...<br />
baRvaS-orbelianebma gvari `orbeliani~ geografiuli saxelidan, orbeTidan miiRes, XIV-XVs.-is<br />
miwurulisaTvis ki es gvari gaCnda orbel baraTaSvilis saxelidan.<br />
sulxan-sabas papa, yaflan baraTaSvil-orbeliSvili rostom mefis (1634- 1658) saxlTuxucesi<br />
da mdivanbegi iyo; mama _ vaxtangi _ vaxtang V Sahnavazis mdivanbegi da molareTuxucesi.<br />
deda _ Tamari _ iyo asuli zaal aragvis erisTavisa (zaali 1659w. ajanyebis erT-erTi sulis-<br />
Camdgmeli iyo), SviliSvili aragvis mrisxane mebatonis, nugzar erisTavisa..<br />
sulxan-saba orbeliani 1658 wlis 24 oqtombers (3 noembers) daibada qvemo qarTlSi, bolnisis<br />
maxloblad, sofel tanZiaSi (md. maSaveris xeoba). Semdeg sagvareulo mamulSi, dmanisSi, aRuzrdiaT.<br />
orbelianebis sasaxle idga zeganze, saidanac iSleboda qvemo qarTlis didebuli xedi. patara<br />
sabam bavSvoba mdinareebis _ maSaverisa da qciis xeobebSi gaatara, xSirad stumrobda fitareTis<br />
taZarsa da samSvildes.<br />
(fitareTi _ taZari Tanamedrove TeTriwyaros raionSi, dmanisTan axlos. karibWis SigniT did<br />
samSeneblo warweraSi moTxrobilia, rom taZari 1213-1222 ww. aaSena giorgi meoTxe laSas amirejibma<br />
qavTar qajibaisZem. fitareTis wignsacavidan cnobilia XVII saukunis saxareba. fitareTi<br />
42
eTania-qvaTaxevis jgufis eklesiaTa yvelaze brwyinvale nimuSia (qse, t. X, Tb., 1986, gv. 333).<br />
samSvilde _ erT-erTi uZvelesi cixe-qalaqi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, sofel samSvildis<br />
maxloblad (TeTri wyaro). SemorCenilia nangrevebis saxiT. tradiciuli mosazrebiT, aaSena qarTvelTa<br />
eponimma qarTlosma. samSvildis Tavdapirveli saxelwodeba yofila `cixe orbisa~ (`dedacixe~).<br />
qarTlis saxelmwifos warmoqmnisTanave (Zv. w. IV-III s.s.) warmoadgenda samSvildis saerisTavos<br />
centrs. X saukunis bolos gaxda taSir-Zoragetis samefos dedaqalaqi. XI saukunis 60-ian<br />
wlebSi samSvilde bagrat meoTxem daibruna. 1110 wels daviT aRmaSenebelma Turq-selCukTagan<br />
gaaTavisufla da SemoierTa. XV saukunidan baraTaSvilTa saTavados centri iyo. samSvildis sioni<br />
VIII saukunis II naxevris Zeglia da arqiteqturuli TvalsazrisiT wromis taZars enaTesaveba (qse, t.<br />
IX, Tb., 1985, gv. 46-47)).<br />
tanZiaSi dResacaa SemorCenili orbelianTa Zveli saxlis nangrevebi da patara eklesia, sulxan-sabas<br />
mamis mier nagebi.<br />
orbelianebi qarTlis mefis, vaxtang V Sahnavazis uaxloesi naTesavebi iyvnen _ mefis meuRle<br />
iyo sulxanis mamida _ rodami, ufliswulebi _ arCili, giorgi, levani _ mamidaSvilebi.<br />
vaxtang orbeliani, sulxanis mama, vaxtang V Sahnavazs qarTlis, Tbilisis, sabaraTianos, `somxiTisa<br />
da TaTris~ mdivanbegad dauniSnavs da `samarTlis qmna~ ubrZanebia.<br />
vaxtang mdivanbegi bibliur teqstTa mcodne da mecenati yofila. Semonaxulia misi dakveTiT<br />
gadawerili bibliuri teqstebi (xelnawerTa instituti). swored mamam Seaswavla sulxans qarTuli<br />
paleografiis* saidumloebani, `daqselili da xveuli mrglovani damwerloba~ (*paleografia _<br />
mecniereba, romelic swavlobs Zveli xelnawerebis garegnul mxares, damwerlobaTmcodneoba).<br />
`yovelTa zneTa maswavlelad~ sulxans mcxeTeli aznauri beruka zedginiZe hyolia, sasuliero<br />
moZRvrebasa da galobas giorgi iaSvili aswavlida. zrdidnen `saTuTad da nebierad, viTac Svenis<br />
TavadTa ZeTa.~<br />
sulxani `siyrmiTgan iyo mudamad sibrZnis swavlisa msaxveli~, `swavlisa friad moyvare.~<br />
siyrmidanve Seuswavlia sasuliero disciplinebi, RvTismetyveleba, filosofia, bunebismetyveleba,<br />
gansakuTrebuli midrekileba filologiisadmi gamouCenia.<br />
mokrZalebiT SeniSnavda, `qarTulisa enisagan kide (garda), sxva ena ar vicodio~, magram cnobilia,<br />
rom sulxans scodnia Turquli, somxuri, berZnuli, laTinuri, italiuri... momaval igavTmweralsa<br />
da leqsikologs enciklopediuri ganaTleba miuRia, dauflebia qarTveli didebulisaTvis<br />
savaldebulo samxedro xelovnebas.<br />
sabas pirveli meuRle iyo darejan bagrationi (gardaicvala 1683w.), meore _ samcxis aTabagis<br />
asuli, Tamari.<br />
`sulxan-saba maRali, warmosadegi, brge moyvanilobisa yofila, winaparTa da axlobelTa msgavsad,<br />
aRnagobiT ufro meomruli Sesaxedaobisa. TeTr-yirmizi saxe hqonia, kriala, nafota kbilebi<br />
da winwamoweuli qveda yba _ utexi nebisyofis utyuari niSani~ (elguja maRraZe).<br />
sulxans uaxloesi sulieri megobroba akavSirebda Tavis didebul mamidaSvilebTan, romelnic<br />
asakiT masze ufrosni iyvnen.<br />
`qarTlis cxovreba~ ufliswulTa Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs, rom vaxtang mexuTem Svilebi `pirvelad<br />
ganswavla saRmrToTa werilTa swavla- TargmanebaTa da ganmartebaTa mier, samamakacoTa zneobiTa.~<br />
arCili(1647-1713), mefe-poeti, iyo avtori zneobaTa kodeqsisa `saqarTvelos zneobani.~<br />
giorgi batoniSvili, Semdgom giorgi XI, sabas gansakuTrebiT hyvarebia. giorgisagan `Svilurad<br />
gazrdilsa da ganswavlebuls~ uwodebda Tavs (`qilila da damanas~ winasityvaoba).<br />
qarTlis mefe, giorgi meTerTmete (1676-1688, 1703-1709) 1696w. Sahs sparseTSi gauwevia, sadac<br />
giorgim saarako gmiris saxeli daigdo avRanelebTan brZolaSi.<br />
giorgi XI avRanTa beladma, mir-veisma, veragulad mokla 1709w. 21 aprils.<br />
`pakistanis sazRvridan avRaneTis meore did qalaq yandaaramde ramdenime kilometris mo-<br />
SorebiT, gzispira dafaze, daaxloebiT aseTi Sinaarsis warweraa: `mgzavro, SeCerdi da icode _<br />
avRaneTis dapyrobas bevri ecada, magram sabolood veravin daipyro igi. igi dalaSqres aleqsandre<br />
makedonelma, Cingiz-xanma da qarTvelTa mefem, giorgi XI-m, romlis mavzoleumic aqve, axlosaa.~<br />
giorgi XI-m, iranelTa mier warTmeuli taxti rom daebrunebina, Sahi huseinis davalebiT,<br />
avRaneTi dalaSqra. qarTvelebi iranelTa avangardSi ibrZodnen. avRaneTi daipyro iranma, magram<br />
giorgi XI RalatiT mokles. mefis Tanmxlebi qarTvelebi (50 000 kaci) avRaneTSi dasaxldnen.<br />
samtrod mosuli qarTveli mefe avRanelebma mavzoleumSi dakrZales da sami saukunis man-<br />
Zilze pativiT epyrobodnen mis ZvalTSesalags~ (`kviris palitra~, 21-27 ianvari, 2002, gv. 10)<br />
(avRanelebi ambobdnen: `iranelebi CvenTan SedarebiT cxvrebi arian, qarTvelebTan SedarebiT ki<br />
Cvena varT cxvrebi~ (iqve).<br />
swored giorgis brZanebiTa da rCeviT Seudgenia sulxan-sabas `leqsikoni qarTuli~ (`sityvis<br />
kona~). exmareboda Zma, zosime orbeliani,zaalyofili.<br />
Tuki mamidaSvili giorgi sabas aRmzrdeli iyo, meore mamidaSvilis _ levanis vaJis _ momavali<br />
43
xelmwifis _ vaxtang VI-is aRmzrdeli Tavad saba yofila. `sibrZne sicruisaSi~ aRzrdasTan dakav-<br />
Sirebuli epizodebi aSkarad avtobiografiul xasiaTs atarebs.<br />
aRmzrdel-aRzrdili (sulxan-saba da vaxtang VI) sulieri megobrebi iyvnen da araerT saSviliSvilo<br />
saqmes Cauyares safuZveli (`saxarebisa~ da `vefxistyaosnis~ beWduri gamocemebi, `dasturlamali~<br />
(samarTlis <strong>wigni</strong>), `qarTlis cxovrebis~ axali redaqcia...).<br />
saba giorgi XI-is uaxloesi Tanamzraxveli iyo.<br />
`sulxanis sarbielze gamosvlas uZRoda `yizilbaSuri periodi~ _ nawilobriv vaxtang V Sahnavazisa<br />
da, metwilad, rostomis mefobis wlebSi (1634-1658), miuxedavad SedarebiTi mSvidobianobisa,<br />
igrZnoboda TaTrobis momZlavreba.<br />
es aSkarad SeimCneoda rogorc sulieri cxovrebis, aseve yoveldRiuri yofis detalebSic.<br />
rostom mefem yvela kari gauRo prosparsul Semotevas. vaxuSti batoniSvili werda: `ama-<br />
TiTa (amaTgan) SeeriaT qarTvelT gancxroma, sma-Wama yizilbaSuri, siZva, mruSeba, tyuvili xorcgansveneba,<br />
abano, keklucoba ugvani da dautevebdnen qarTvelTa zneTa~ (Sdr. sabanisZesTan; `aRverieniT<br />
ersa ucxosa...~).<br />
swored aman Tu ganapiroba sulxan-saba orbelianis gansakuTrebuli daintereseba zneTswavlulobis<br />
gamomxatveli TxzulebebiT, romelTa Soris upirvelesi adgili uWiravs mis originalur<br />
nawarmoebs `sibrZne sicruisa~ (sargis caiSvili, maradiuli saxeebi, Tb., 1981, gv. 93-94).<br />
antiiranuli saqmianobisaTvis Sahma soleimanma taxti giorgis CamoarTva da sparsuli orientaciis<br />
erekle pirvels (nazaralixans), Teimuraz pirvelis SviliSvils gadasca.<br />
sulxani, represirebulTa sazar beds rom ascdenoda, erTxans imereTs, Semdeg samcxeSi gaixizna,<br />
simamrTan. qarTlSi mxolod 1696 w. brundeba, rodesac Sahma giorgis danaSauli `apatia~ da<br />
irans gaiwvia. sulxani `Seurigda~ erekle pirvels, Tumc politikur saqmianobas CamohSorda da<br />
sagvareulo mamulSi Caiketa. Cumi imediT, rom giorgi XI sparseTidan dabrundeboda.<br />
sulxanis politikuri ideali damarcxda da 1698 w. 18 marts sabas saxeliT daviTgarejis<br />
monasterSi (ioane naTlismcemlis eklesia) berad Sedga. aq Seuqmnia 46 qadagebisagan Sedgenili<br />
`swavlani~ (swavla eklesiisaTvis, eklesiasa Sina dumilisaTvis, aRsarebisaTvis, ziarebisaTvis...).<br />
`swavlani~ logikuri gagrZelebaa igavTkrebulisa `sibrZne sicruisa~ _ rac igavebiT iyo naTqvami,<br />
axla saeklesio qadagebiT iqna gadmocemuli.<br />
(daviTgareja _ samonastro gamoqvabulTa kompleqsi, daarsebuli VI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi<br />
erT-erTi asureli mamis, daviT garejelis mier. droTa ganmavlobaSi monasterTa ricxvma<br />
Tormets miaRwia (wamebuli, naTlismcemeli, CiCxituri, TeTrsenakebi, dodorqa, udabno, berTubani...<br />
meTormete saukunis dasawyisSi daviT meoTxe aRmaSenebelma monastrebi samefo sakuTrebad<br />
aqcia. XIV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, giorgi V brwyinvalis dros, daviTgareja mZlavr politikur<br />
Zalad iqca. XIV saukunis bolos, Temur lengis laSqrobebis dros, samonastro cxovreba moiSala.<br />
1424 wels aleqsandre I didma mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo eklesias Seswira.<br />
1616-1617 ww. daviTgareja sparselTa laSqarma daarbia, monastrebi gauqmda. 1639 wels Teimuraz<br />
pirvelma aq samonastro cxovreba aRadgina.<br />
berTubnis eklesiaSi Tamarisa da laSa-giorgis portretebia (qse, III, Tb., 1978, gv. 339)<br />
`swavlani~-Si saba moZRvravs gardagularZnilT: `gvari kacisa uadviles ars Sesamusvrelad,<br />
vidreRa Wiqa Rvinisa. sikvdili umaxlobeles ars, vidreRa TvalTa dawamwameba. soflisa amis dideba<br />
uadvilesad ganbnevadi ars, vidreRa qarisa sisastikisagan _ bze.~<br />
mkvlevarni Tvlian, rom `swavlani~ `sibrZne sicruisas~ logikuri gagrZelebaa.<br />
giorgi meTerTmetem sparseTSi Tavi imdenad gamoiCina, rom Sahma qarTlis taxti daubruna,<br />
sparseTis spasalaroba da yandaaris (avRaneTi) beglarbegoba uboZa. bunebrivia, giorgi qarTlSi<br />
veRar dabrundeboda, igi mxolod nominalurad iTvleboda mefed.<br />
qarTlis saqmeTa gansageblad giorgim levani gamogzavna, 1703w. ki, rodesac levani sparseTSi<br />
gaiwvies, qarTlis janiSinad (mefis moadgiled) levanis Ze, giorgis Zmiswuli vaxtangi (VI) dainiSna.<br />
sabas anafora aRar gauxdia, magram sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiurad monawileobda,<br />
yovelmxriv Seeweoda aRzrdils _ vaxtangs.<br />
diplomatiuri misiiT saba xan sparseTs iyo, xan TurqeTs miemgzavreboda.<br />
sparseTis Sahma vaxtangs gamahmadianeba mosTxova. uari miiRo. SeWirvebulma, saba diplomatiuri<br />
misiiT wargzavna vaxtangma evropas.<br />
konstantinopolamdis sabas frang misionerTan, riSarTan, erTad umgzavria. safrangeTis elCma<br />
dezalorma orbeliani da riSari 1714w. 22 ianvars marsels gaamgzavra gemiT `miZineba~<br />
1714 w. 11 marts sabam werili gaugzavna kardinals romSi, saqarTvelos mfarveloba sTxova da,<br />
sanacvlod, aRuTqva, rom romis eklesias saqarTveloSi kaTolicizmis gavrcelebaSi daexmareboda.<br />
(kaTolicizmi _ qristianuli religiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba marTlmadideblobasa<br />
da protestantizmTan erTad. dasavleT evropaSi calke mimdinareobad Camoyalibda da gabatonebul<br />
sarwmunoebad iqca mas Semdeg, rac qristianoba 1054 wels oficialurad gaiyo _ marTl-<br />
44
madideblobad da kaTolicizmad. vatikanis saeklesio krebaze papi gamoacxades rwmenis sakiTxebSi<br />
`Seucdomlad da ucodvelad~.<br />
ZiriTadi gansxvaveba marTlmadideblobasa da kaTolicizms Soris `filiokves~(Zis) sakiTxSia<br />
_ kaTolikuri moZRvrebis mixedviT, suliwmidis mofena xdeba ara marto mama RmerTisagan, rogorc<br />
es marTlmadideblobaSia, aramed Ze RmerTisaganac.<br />
marTlmadideblobisagan gansxvavebiT, kaTolicizmi, samoTxisa da jojoxeTis gverdiT, aRiarebs<br />
salxineblis (gansawmendelis) arsebobas.<br />
kaTolicizmis mixedviT, biblia mxolod laTinur enazea wminda... (qse, t. V, Tb., 1985, gv. 318)).<br />
sabas mogzaurobis marSruti aseTi iyo: konstantinopoli _ marseli _ parizi _ romi _ italiis<br />
qalaqebi _ konstantinopoli _ saqarTvelo.<br />
mogzaurobis konkretuli mizani iyo sparseTis tyveobaSi myofi vaxtang meeqvsis gamosaxsnelad<br />
saxsrebis moZieba, da _ ufro Soreuli _ evropis daintereseba saqarTveloTi.<br />
evropidan cnobebi igvianebda. vaxtangs ispahans tyveoba ar akmares, 1714 wlis 10 marts Zalad<br />
gaamahmadianes, qirmans gadaasaxles, qarTlis taxti ki mis, aseve gamahmadianebul, Zmas _ ieses gadasces<br />
(ispahani, qirmani _ iranis qalaqebi).<br />
evropaSi sabaze xma daegdoT, `mTel saqarTvelos mamad miaCniao.~<br />
sabas ramdenime audiencia (Sexvedra) hqonda safrangeTis mefesTan, ludoviko meToTxmetesTan.<br />
naavadmyofar mefes elCisaTvis SeuCivlia, avadmyofobaze metad, karsmomdgari sibere mafiqrebso.<br />
sabas uTqvams, `Tqveni udidebulesoba am wlovanebas iseTi mSvenebiT atarebs, yvela isurvebda<br />
Tqvens asakSi yofnaso.~<br />
meore audienciisas despans ludovikosaTvis uTqvams, rom misi udidebulesobis pirovnebaSi<br />
solomonis sibrZnes daviT mefis RvTismosaoba Serwymoda: `swored amgvari RvTismosaobaa mizezi,...<br />
rom Tqveni udidebulesoba iqneba xelisampyrobeli imdenad daSorebuli qveynebis mefeebisa da<br />
mfarveli sarwmunoebisa, rogoric Cveni qveyanaa.~<br />
aRtaceba gamouwvevia sabas romSic, papis _ klimenti XI-is karze. paps sabasTvis uTqvams, `mixarian,<br />
romSi didi xma dagivarda, kargad iqcevi da gonierado.~ papis umdidres biblioTekaSi amaod<br />
uZebnia qarTuli wignebi.<br />
mogzaurobisas ar asvenebda erTaderTi ocneba _ `Cems ukan (Semdeg), RmerTma qmnas, Cems qveyanaSi<br />
ukeTesoba Seiqmnaso.~<br />
evropaSi yofnisas dedaTa erT-erTi monastriT imdenad moxiblula, vaxtangis karis eklesiad<br />
unatria (levan menabde, sulxan-saba orbeliani, Tb., 1980, gv. 80).<br />
gulmokluli Sehnatroda evropis keTildReobas, saqarTveelos bedze wuxda: `sadac TaTars<br />
miuRwevia, iq RvTis naTeli aRar damdgara.~<br />
konkretuli istoriuli viTareba gamoricxavda sabas misiis raime warmatebas. safrangeTi da<br />
italia saqarTvelos gulisTvis sparseTsa da TurqeTs ver daupirispirdebodnen.<br />
imave xanebSi ludoviko XIV gardaicvala.<br />
mravalwliani mogzaurobiT Ronemixdili, imedgacruebuli saba 1716 wels dabrunda saqarTveloSi,<br />
`mravali Wiris gardamxdeli.~ Zlivs daaRwia Tavi mekobreebs.<br />
sabas formalurad miuRia kaTolicizmi, ris gamoc, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mxriv, didi<br />
problemebi Seeqmna.<br />
`es aqti ar iyo konfesiuri (aRmsareblobiTi) xasiaTisa. saba mxolod politikuri mosazrebiT<br />
xelmZRvanelobda. saqarTvelo mudam eZebda aRmosavleTis barbarosebisagan damcvelsa da<br />
mfarvels, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac qristianuli bizantia osmalebma (Turqebma) daipyres~<br />
(korneli kekeliZe, etiudebi, t. XIII, gv. 123).<br />
`saba 1701 welsac marTlmadidebelia, am wels dauweria `samoTxis kari~. araviTari kvali<br />
kaTolicizmisa ar aris arc sabas `swavlani~-Si, romelic 1698-1710 ww. iqmneboda da romelic<br />
sakiTxavi <strong>wigni</strong> iyo naTlismcemlis (daviTgarejis) udabnoSi. kaTolikoba sabas formalurad unda<br />
mieRo 1713 wels, rodesac `samoTxis karis~ kaTolikuri redaqcia Seiqmna. aq papisturi dogmatebi<br />
gaSiSvlebuladaa warmodgenili~ (korneli kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. II, Tb.,<br />
1968, gv. 452).<br />
saba basilianelTa ordenis wevri gamxdara. `yoveli basilianeli iyo SeniRbuli kaTolike,<br />
garegnuli niSnis mixedviT marTlmadideblur iers atarebda, ordenis wevris Sinagani kaTolikuri<br />
arsi SeumCneveli rCeboda sxvaTaTvis~ (revaz baramiZe, sulxan-saba orbelianis biografiisaTvis,<br />
wignSi `literaturuli Studiebi~, Tb., 1988, gv. 126).<br />
evropaSi mogzaurobas Tumc politikuri Sedegi ar gamouRia, qarTuli literatura gamdidrda<br />
uaRresad saintereso nawarmoebiT. `mogzauroba evropaSi~ dRiurebis saxiTaa dawerili.<br />
Txzulebam dazianebuli saxiT moaRwia, dakargulia pirvelia Tavebi, sadac, savaraudod, safrangeTis<br />
qalaqebi unda yofiliyo aRwerili. SemorCenilia mxolod italiisa da TurqeTis qalaqTa<br />
aRweriloba.<br />
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evropidan dabrunebul sabas saqarTveloSi umZimesi mdgomareoba daxvda.<br />
Sahma vaxtang VI qirmanidan gamoiyvana, qarTlis mefoba uboZa. qarTlis mefis naiboba vaxtangis<br />
Zem, baqarma miiRo, raWidan moadga Tbiliss. iese kaxeTs gaiqca, magram Seipyres da Tbilisis cixeSi<br />
gamoketes.<br />
1717 wels baqarma miiRo qarTlis mefoba. vaxtangi sparseTs datoves.<br />
`avma enebma, ama soflis simuxTlem saba da vaxtangi erTmaneTs moaSorva.~ igavebSi `mze da<br />
vardi~, `zRva da delfini~, `mefe da meZebari~ alegoriulad moTxrobilia aRmzrdelsa da aRzrdils<br />
Soris konfliqtis Sesaxeb.<br />
aRzrdilis gagulgrilebiT gulmokluli, saba wers:<br />
`mterman lodi momaxvedra, moyvareman _ vardis kona,<br />
egre mterman ver matkina, moyvrisagan SemaRona.~<br />
saba av enebs abralebda momxdars da vaxtangs ar ganikiTxavda, `gamoucdelisa ra dasabralebiao.~<br />
aRmzrdel-aRzrdili, sabolood, rasakvirvelia, Serigdnen. vaxtangma Tavis mier Targmnili<br />
igavTkrebuli `qilila da damana~ (`anvari sohaili~ (samxreTis cis kaSkaSa varskvlavi)) `gasaCalxad~<br />
(dasaxvewad, Casasworeblad) swored sabas gaugzavna. qirmanSi tyvedmyof vaxtang meeqvses igavebi<br />
`gonebisa urvisa wamlad~ eTargmna sparsulidan.<br />
sabam teqsti araTu `gaCalxa~, brwyinvaled gadmoaqarTula. da mainc, saba am teqstis redaqtoria,<br />
da ara mTargmneli.<br />
mamuka baraTaSvili werda: `saba-sulxan orbelianma `qilila da damana~ galeqsa. Tumca rusTvelis<br />
naTqvami ar aris, magram naklebadac saTqmeli ar aris (`WaSniki~) (akaki gawerelia, literaturuli<br />
narkvevebi, Tb., 1949, gv. 58).<br />
igavTkrebulSi `qilila da damana~ mTxrobelni turebi _ mSvidi, keTili qilila da boroti<br />
damana arian. teqstis sparsuli saTauria `anvari sohaili.~<br />
igavTaTvis darTul `anderZSi~ saba wers, rom teqsti vaxtangis TxovniT dauxvewavs, `Tvaram<br />
monazvnisagan (berisagan _ n. k.) amisTana ambavi uwesoa da urigo... ber-monazoni rom moses <strong>wigni</strong>s<br />
nacvlad `qilila da damanas~ akeTebdes, veWvob, mefesac gaecinos.~<br />
`sibrZne sicruisa~ sulxan-sabas berad Sedgomamdis dauweria. avtografSi Txzulebas aseTi<br />
minaweri axlavs: `<strong>wigni</strong> sibrZne sicruisa, naTqvami sulxan orbelianisa Jamsa siWabukisa misisa.~<br />
`siWabukis~ asakad Tavis `sityvis konaSi~ saba 20-30 wels uTiTebs, e. i, `sibrZne sicruisa~ XVII<br />
s.-is 80-ian wlebSia dawerili.<br />
amave periodSi dauwyia sabas Sedgena qarTuli leqsikonisa (`sityvis kona~), radgan, rogorc<br />
Tavad aRniSnavs, qarTvelT `patiosani ese <strong>wigni</strong> (leqsikoni) dahkargvodaT, ena qarTuli TvisTa<br />
nebazed gaeryvnaT.~<br />
leqsikoni sabas giorgi XI-is brZanebiTa da TxovniT Seudgenia. mkvlevarni `sityvis konas~<br />
frangi enciklopedistebis naSromis gverdiT ayeneben (enciklopedistebi _ frangi moazrovneebi:<br />
didro, ruso, helveciusi, dalamberi...).<br />
sulxan-saba orbelianisa da vaxtang VI-is epoqas ivane javaxiSvilma qarTuli mwerlobis `enciklopediuri<br />
xana~ uwoda (ivane javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, w. I, gv. 116).<br />
pirveli redaqcia sabas berad Sedgomamdis ganusrulebia, meore _ 1715 wels, mesame _ 1721<br />
wels.<br />
leqsikonze muSaobisas sabasTvis didi daxmareba gauweviaT Zmas, zaal-zosimesa da mefes, vaxtang<br />
meeqvses. saxelic _ `sityvis kona~ _ vaxtangs SeurCevia.<br />
1719 wels Sahma vaxtangi qarTls gamoistumra. vaxtangma Tavis gamahmadianebul Zmas, ieses,<br />
apatia danaSauli: daviT kaxTa mefesTan erTad Seutia aRlaRebul lekebs.<br />
saba politikur asparezs daubrunda da vaxtangis mrCeveli gaxda.<br />
1722 wels Sahma vaxtangs Sirvans galaSqreba da iqidan lekTa gandevna ubrZana.<br />
imave, 1722 wels, petre pirvelma, ruseTis xelmwifem, vaxtangs elCad boris TurqestanaSvili<br />
gamougzavna da sparselTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mokavSireoba sTxova.<br />
vaxtangma guliT gaixara, uaryo islami, qristes sjuls daubrunda da petre I-s erTguleba<br />
Sehfica.<br />
SeTanxmebisamebr, Tavisi jarebi ganjisaken daZra vaxtangma. rusebs derbendi da baqo unda<br />
aeRoT, qarTvelebs _ Semaxa. qarTuli da rusuli jarebi unda gaerTianebuliyvnen, magram petre<br />
I-s CrdiloeTis frontze, SvedebTan, problemebi Seeqmna da iranis winaaRmdeg dagegmili operacia<br />
gadado.<br />
vaxtang meeqvse martodmarto darCa gamZvinvarebuli sparseTis pirispir. orgulobisTvis Sahma<br />
taxti CamoarTva da qarTlic kaxeTis mmarTvel konstantines gadasca.<br />
vaxtang VI-m ojaxi gors gaxizna, Tavad Tbilisis dasacavad gaaCaRa brZola.<br />
konstantinem Tbilisi lekTa daxmarebiT aiRo. vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda, gaqceuliyo. imav-<br />
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droulad, qarTls moadga osmalTa (TurqTa) jari, romelsac vaxtangis Zma da Svili _ iese da<br />
baqari mohyvebodnen...<br />
Turqebma Tbilisi 1723 wels uomrad aiRes, konstantine kaxTa mefe gaaZeves, taxti jer baqars,<br />
Semdeg ieses gadasces.<br />
1724 wels iese TurqTa jariT daupirispirda vaxtangs da daamarcxa. vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda,<br />
ruseTs gaxiznuliyo aTas orasi erTguli mxlebliTurT, romelTa Soris sabac iyo.<br />
kavkasions gadaRma vaxtangs CerqezTa batoniSvili daxvda(vaxtangis meuRle, rusudani, CerqezTa<br />
mTavris asuli iyo).<br />
solaRSi dabanakebulma vaxtangma elCioni wargzavna moskovs.<br />
moskovSi ukve arsebobda qarTuli saTvistomo _ sabas mamidaSvilis, arCilis mier daarsebuli<br />
(1685). qarTvel mefeTagan pirveli moskovs Teimuraz pirveli swvevia (1658).<br />
arCilis vaJi, aleqsandre, petre pirvelis uerTgulesi TanamebrZoli iyo.<br />
gadaxvewil qarTvelTa samkvidrod iqca sofeli vsexsviatskoe (qarTvelTa gamoTqmiT, `sesencka~).<br />
sainteresoa, rom SvedebTan gamarjvebis aRsaniSnavi nadimi petrem swored vsexsviatskoeSi<br />
daiwyo, arCilis asulis, darejanis sasaxleSi.<br />
asakovanma, jangatexilma sabamac darejanis sasaxleSi daivana, sadac 1725 wlis 26 ianvars (6<br />
Tebervals) gardaicvala.<br />
sulxan-sabas Zmis, dimitris sityviT, `friad maSvrali muSaki mokvda, daefla rusT velsa.~<br />
saba dakrZalulia vsexsviatskoes taZarSi (Tanamedrove metro `sokolis~ midamoebSi).<br />
rogorc qarTveli poeti wers, `moskovma STanTqa Zvalni misni satanZieni~ (m. maWavariani).<br />
igive poeti ityvis tkiviliT:<br />
`ori cremlidan saqarTvelos gahyurebs saba _<br />
ver gaamarTla, vaglax, mermisma...…~<br />
sulxan-saba orbelianis nawarmoebebis qronologiuri nusxa:<br />
`sibrZne sicruisa~ _ 1686-1695w.w.;<br />
`sityvis kona~ (leqsikoni) _ pirveli redaqcia 1698w.-mde, saboloo _ 1721w.;<br />
`mogzauroba evropaSi~ _ 1712-1715;<br />
`swavlani~ (46 qadageba) _ 1698-1703;<br />
`qilila da damana~ (teqstis redaqtireba) _ 1716-1719.<br />
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