istoriebi
petliura da sxvebi
daviT CixlaZe
poloneTi
qeTi qanTaria
TadeuS kantori
daviT buxrikiZe
ulrike mainhofi
ana korZaia-samadaSvili
interviuebi
erik trufazi
kaxa Tolordava
erik monio
qeTevan sadRobelaSvili
komentarebi
37
gigi guledani
tendenciuri gmirebis aRlumi
basa janikaSvili
lokaluris Zaladoba
paata Samugia
`niWieri~
sandro naveriani
ivnisi 2010 #61
fasi 5 lari
saavtoro
lismanisi
levan berZeniSvili
isev birsi gamaxsenda
aka morCilaZe
xelovneba da `perversiebi~
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nomerze muSaobdnen: daviT
buxrikiZe, daviT CixlaZe, levan
berZeniSvili, gigi guledani,
qeTi qanTaria, giorgi maisuraZe,
kaxa Tolordava, nino beqiSvili,
ana korZaia-samadaSvili, qeTevan
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paata Samugia, sandro naveriani,
giorgi svaniZe, naTia guliaSvili,
aka morCilaZe, irma taveliZe
foto: levan xerxeuliZe, marika
qoCiaSvili, guram wibaxaSvili
ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili,
maia sumbaZe
dizaini: Tornike lorTqifaniZe
sazogadoebasTan urTierToba:
lela SubiTiZe
sareklamo gayidvebi: Salva CubiniZe
distribucia: zviad Sengelia
gamomcemeli: Sorena SaverdaSvili
gamomcemloba:
Sps `em fabliSingi~, Tbilisi 0105,
faliaSvilis q. 108, tel.: 912326
el-fosta: mpublishing@caucasus.net
sxva gamocemebi: liberali, biznesiadamianebi,
meTodebi, strategiebi,
dialogi, Tibisi da Tibiselebi.
stamba: `favoriti~, Tbilisi,
CubinaSvilis q. 50, tel.: 951952
Jurnali gamodis 2004 wlis 25
dekembridan
© “M Publishing” saavtoro uflebebi
daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli
masalebis nawilobrivi an mTliani
gamoyeneba gamomcemlobis nebarTvis
gareSe akrZalulia.
6 cxeli Sokoladi
8 redaqtoris werili
10 Cveni avtorebi
N61, ivnisi 2010
mimoxilvebi 12 `eqslibrisis~ mkiTxvelTa klubi daviT CixlaZe
13 `axali `galerea 9~ daviT CixlaZe
14 totalitaruli epoqis arqiteqtura konceptualur
fotografiaSi daviT CixlaZe
14 uxmo evolucia naTia guliaSvili
16 iuri meCiTovis Jurnalisturi retrospeqtiva
daviT CixlaZe
17 rok kafe droebiT daixura daviT CixlaZe
18 gaseirneba Zveli Tbilisis fotopeizaJSi
naTia guliaSvili
19 Rvinis festivali giorgi svaniZe
20 aris Tu ara oleg timCenkos sfinqsi samkauli
daviT CixlaZe
22 istoriuli reversi sapnis aromatiT
naTia guliaSvili
recenzia 24 mieciT qmari ninis... daviT buxrikiZe
komentarebi 25 37 gigi guledani
26 tendenciuri gmirebis aRlumi basa janikaSvili
27 lokaluris Zaladoba paata Samugia
29 finaluri mwuxri sandro naveriani
istoriebi 30 erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis daviT CixlaZe
38 diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi qeTi qanTaria
44 TadeuS kantori
`mkvdari klasis~ Canawerebi daviT buxrikiZe
50 ulrike mainhofi
Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi
ana korZaia-samadaSvili
interviuebi 54 interviu erik trufazTan kaxa Tolordava
58 interviu erik moniosTan
`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori
qeTevan sadRobelaSvili
diskusia 62 radikalizmi dialogis magivrad nino beqiSvili
esei 68 isev birsi gamaxsenda aka morCilaZe
Targmani 72 ringze norman meileris werilebi
inglisuridan Targmna irma taveliZem
saavtoro 76 lismanisi levan berZeniSvili
82 xelovneba da `perversiebi~ giorgi maisuraZe
edaqtoris werili
8 cxeli Sokoladi
dResac zustad veravin ityvis vin aris ulrike mainhofi. elfride elineki
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fraqciaze (maT Soris mainhofze) werda, rom es iyo eqvsis omi eqvsi milionis
(eqvs milionSi Zalovanebs gulisxmobda) winaaRmdeg.
1960-70-ian wlebSi, germanul Jurnal `konkritSi~ gamoqveynebuli ulrike mainhofis
publikaciebis mimarT, bevrs gaorebuli damokidebuleba hqonda, roca
ar ici, is giyvars Tu mTeli arsebiT gZuls. yvelaze neitraluri Sefaseba ki
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Cven _ ara~. mainhofis mkvlevari, wignis Sesaval sityvaSi wers, rom germanul
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man qalis tradiciuli rolis uaryofis magaliTi aCvena. RAF-Si gawevrianebis
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tyupebi gzaSi policiam daakava da TavSesafarSi waiyvana.
albaT, mainc veravin mouZebna mainhofis istorias imaze zusti saxeli, rogorc
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_ `protestidan winaaRmdegobamde~.
`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa da es ar mawyobs.
winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas wyvets.
protesti: vacxadeb, rom morCa, me amaSi aRar vmonawileob.
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amerikelma, moZraoba Black Power-is warmomadgenelma daaxloebiT es Tqva _ sityvasityviT
ar maxsovs.
studentebi sulac ar `awyoben ajanyebas~, isini winaaRmdegobas swavloben.
diax, qvebs isrodnen, diax, berlinSi Springeris koncernis Senobis fanjrebi
daimsxvra. manqanebi aalda, `bild caitungis~ erT-erTi redaqcia dazaralda,
saburavebi daiglija, satransporto moZraoba paralizebuli iyo, satvirTo
manqanebi gadaayiraves, policielebis jaWvebi gaarRvies _ diax, Zalas mimarTes,
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rezinis xeljoxebi ar mogvakldeba. maSasadame, is, rac moxda, SeiZleba kvlav
ganmeordes: Springeris presa kvlav gaafTrebul devnas ganagrZobs, klaus Sulci
kvlav mogviwodebs, rom `am subieqtebs TvalebSi CavxedoT~ da _ modiT,
viyoT Tanmimdevrulni _ vurtyaT (rac 21 Tebervals ukve moxda) da, sabolood,
vesroloT~.
vfiqrob, dRes mniSvnelovania fiqri imaze, Tu ra xdeba maSin, rodesac ar
arsebobs kiTxvebze pasuxi.
rodis iqceva kiTxvebi _ protestad da protesti _ winaaRmdegobad?
rodis ibadeba mainhofi?
nino lomaZe
mogvwereT, editor@shokoladi.ge
Cveni avtorebi
qeTi qanTaria
klaviaturaze drodadro kidev erTi wyvili xeli Cndeba da
miwers `ras Svebi axla qeTi~. wels axali SiSi aqvs, romelsac
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Cemi bralia. bolo droebis Cemi sifuyis bralia. naxeT rogor
aris mowyobili cxovreba. gaCerebis da dafiqrebis fufuneba
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`jetiksis~, MTV-is degeneratuli da vulgaruli laTinuri
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iqa var. oRond erTi patara bavSvi mabaria (Svili, araSvili
_ ar aqvs mniSvneloba, adamiani, romelic mabaria), romelic
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romlebzec bevri vardisferi `produqti~ eguleba da naTurebi
maTi Tvalierebisas enTeba. ai, axali Jurnali, romel-
Sic patara adamians axaliseben: egre gaagrZele da CvensaviT
didi da msuqani (ukacravad, `skinny~ da lamazi) iqnebi, ijdebi
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Seni fexsacmlis oTxmocdaaT wyvils gadmouwyob. viRacas aq
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10 cxeli Sokoladi
nino beqiSvili
`yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da Tanaswori Tavisi
RirsebiTa da uflebebiT. maT miniWebuli aqvT goneba
da sindisi da erTmaneTis mimarT unda iqceodnen Zmuri
suliskveTebiT~
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia
muxli 1
`cxeli Sokoladis~ redaqciaSi diskusiaze levan berZeniSvilma
`adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis~
Sesaxeb, romelic gaerom meore msoflio omis Semdeg, 1948
wlis 10 dekembers miiRo, aseTi ram Tqva: `am deklaracias
dRes veravin ver dawers da ar arsebobs saxelmwifo,
romelic mas dRes miiRebda. yvela religiuri konfesia
ewinaaRmdegeba am dokuments, es normaluricaa, asec unda
iyos. es deklaracia yvelaferze maRla dadga swored
imitom, rom misma Semqmnelebma warmoudgeneli sisastike
naxes~.
im dRes, 2010 wlis 15 maiss pirvelad davfiqrdi imaze,
rom SeiZleba es dokumenti gasuli saukunis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani monapovari iyos. deklaraciis arsebobis
Sesaxeb, viTarca sabWoTa moqalaqem, gvian gavige. mere
uamravjer wamikiTxavs, punqtebis mixedviTac SemiZlia
CamovTvalo iq aRwerili uflebebi, magram Sin mosulma
kidev erTxel gadmoviRe da mivxvdi, rom batoni levani
ar cdeboda. Sors wasvla da msoflioSi mimdinare
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gaugebari da miuRebelia. cxadi da martivi WeSmaritebebis
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`Zmuri suliskveTeba~ sadRac qreba _ sul erTia vin varT,
mdidrebi Tu Raribebi, ganaTlebulebi Tu gaunaTleblebi,
liberalebi Tu marTlmorwmune qristianebi.
es, ra Tqma unda, samwuxaro ambavia. erTi nugeSi isaa, rom
marto ara varT _ adamianebi sxvaganac, sxva qveynebSic
met-naklebi simZafriT imave problemebis winaSe dganan.
mTavari albaT isaa, rom gvjerodes _ saubriT, erTmane-
Tis mosmeniT da kompromisis ZiebiT gamosavali yovel-
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mimoxilva
12 cxeli Sokoladi
`eqslibrisis~ mkiTxvelTa klubi
yazbegis gamzirisa da TamaraSvilis quCis kuTxeSi mdebare maRazia `eqslibrisi~ cdilobs,
yovel xuTSabaTs avtorebTan Sexvedris tradicia daamkvidros. magram, sxva aseTive Sexvedrebisgan
gansxvavebiT, es ar aris paTetikuri SemoqmedebiTi saRamoebi, sadac mwerali saku-
Tari Tavis morigi gandidebisTvis mieSureba. aq yvelaferi piriqiTaa _ anu ise, rogorc unda
iyos, da Cvenc namdvili interesebi da xalisi dagvibrundes. mwerals elodeba mkiTxvelTa
viwro wre, romelsac gansaxilveli wigni wakiTxuli aqvs da konkretuli SekiTxvebis dasma
surs. pirveli ori Sexvedridan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom aq marTlac dasaSvebia iseT mkiTxvelTan
Sexvedris molodini, romelic gvegona, rom ukve aRar arsebobs. yuradRebis centrSi
swored beletristikaa, misi klasikuri gagebiT, yovelgvari poeturi da postmodernistuli
triukebis gareSe _ Tu rogor qmnis avtori siuJets, personaJTa xasiaTebs da mere ukve
istorias da dialogs. istoriis da dialogis daviwyeba vcadeT, Tumca mivxvdiT, rom es, ra-
Rac TvalsazrisiT, mkiTxvelisa da literaturis daviwyebas udris. albaT amitomac iridebs
`eqslibrisi~ poetebs _ isini arasodes misdevdnen Txrobas da ambavs. magram, Cveni paTetikuri
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personaJebis, maTi aradamajerebeli dialogebis da angaJirebuli siuJetebis tyveobaSi aRmoCnda.
pirveli Sexvedra moewyo mweral zurab leJavasTan. ganxilvisTvis warmodgenili iyo
mwerlis pirveli krebuli `bavSvis nakbeni karaliokze oqtombris TveSi~, romelic 2010 wels
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siurrealisturi da fantasmagoriuli saxeebiT gamsWvaluli es wigni namdvili beletristikis,
lamis, erTaderTi nimuSia qarTuli literaturis bolodroindel sinamdvileSi.
anu aseTi Sefaseba etyoba miniSneba iyo, rom mwerali istoriiT da personaJebiT unda cxovrobdes,
is unda iyos sxvebis cxovrebis Semoqmedi da SeeZlos sakuTari cxovrebis gverdze
gaweva, daviwyeba, da Zalze cnobismoyvarec unda iyos. marTlac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom namdvili
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ubralod istoriebis SesaZleblobaTa uzomo siyvarulis Sedegia. aseT SemTxvevaSi stilis
niuansebi TavisTavad Cndeba da mkiTxvelisken mimavali kulturuli veli swored ase iqmneba.
mwerals sabolood, marTlac mkiTxveli qmnis, Tuki mas miscemen amis saSualebas. aseTi fantasmagoriebisgan
iqmneba yvelaze realisturi mwerloba. xolo mwerlebis xelovnuri ganwyoba
CvenTvis kargad nacnob paTetikas da manerulobas warmoSobs. meore Sexvedra mweral laSa
buRaZesTan Sedga. ganixileboda misi axali wigni `literaturuli eqspresi~. laSa buRaZesTan
saubari swored imis aRniSvniT daiwyo, rom es mwerlis pirveli wignia, romelic arsebul socialur-politikur
mdgomareobas ar exmianeba da wminda beletristikis nimuSia. am saukeTeso
tradiciis aRdgena maRaziis xelmZRvanelebis _ Tedo mirijanaSvilisa da nata caavas damsaxurebaa.
marTlac, iqneb Seiqmnas mkiTxvelTa klubi da ara ubralod msmenelTa auditoria. da
es yvelaferi arafersac ar emsaxureba, mxolod _ literaturis siyvaruls.
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: naTia xaCiraSvili
axali `galerea 9~
axlaxan gaxsnil `galerea 9~-Si, romelic gudiaSvilis 9 nomerSi mdebareobs da simpaTiur da
komfortabelur sivrces warmoadgens, unikaluri jgufuri gamofena Sedga _ saxelwodebiT
`art procesi~. aq gamofenili namuSevrebis avtorebi TbilisSi momuSave kuratorebi, galeristebi,
xelovnebaTmcodneebi an koleqcionerebi arian. cxadia, rom es mxatvar iuri beriSvilis
mier organizebuli raRac postmodernistuli eqspromti iyo, romliTac am axali galereis
biografia daiwyo.
gamofenaze naCvenebi iyo baia wiqoriZis, vanda mujiris, qeTi korZaxias, daviT andriaZis,
arCil darCias, zaira bereliZis, lika mamacaSvilis, ia dvalis, maia nozaZis, gia jamberiZis,
daviT muSkudianis, nino gujabiZis, nika maWavarianis, rusiko oatis da TviT `galerea
9~-s kuratoris, marina amzaSvilis namuSevrebi _ anu im profesionalebis, visi saqmianobac
aqamde mxatvrebis namuSevrebze iyo damokidebuli. axla ki, Tu galeristebi ase gadawyveten,
mxatvrebs namdvilad quCaSi mouwevT darCena. SeiZleba es raRac miniSnebaa _ `xelovneba
xelovnebisTvis~ Tezisis axali, sapirispiro Tezisi _ `galerea galeristebisTvis~. an Sei-
Zleba im mcdar Sexedulebas adasturebs, rom yoveli kritikosi verSemdgari mweralia, anda
galeristi _ verSemdgari mxatvari. ar mgonia, rom am gamofenas aseTi faruli survilebis
asrulebis motivacia hqonoda. es ufro erTi kargi da gamaxalisebeli TamaSi gamovida, romelic
marTlac sWirdeba Cvens samxatvro garemos. sasurvelia aseTi TamaSis ufleba galeristebma
mxatvrebsac miscen. es, SesaZloa, negatiuri da saSiSi sulac ar aRmoCndes. `galerea
9~-s namdvilad kargi monaxazi gamouvida da danarCens ki, rogorc ityvian, dro gviCvenebs.
swored droze, aqtualobasa da konteqstebzea saWiro dafiqreba, rogorc am axal galereaSi,
aseve sxvagan. mxolod fuli arafers cvlis. is ufro myari valutis _ cxovrebisa da misi
mSvenierebis axleburad wakiTxvis pirobaa. swored dro erT-erTi yvelaze mTavari faqtoria
galeristebisTvis da saintereso iqneboda, swored drosTan, aqtualobasTan da konteqstebTan
meti muSaoba, rogorc am axal galereaSi, aseve zogadad. radgan dro, ase pirdapir,
mxolodRa fuli ar aris, is ufro myari valutis _ cxovrebisa da misi mSvenierebis axali
wakiTxvebis pirobacaa.
mimoxilva
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: ani gugutiSvili
cxeli Sokoladi 13
mimoxilva
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: ani gugutiSvili
14 cxeli Sokoladi
uxmo evolucia
totalitaruli epoqis arqiteqtura konceptualur
fotografiaSi
fotografi irina abJandaZe axal interdisciplinur da interpersonalur
proeqts, da axal gamofenas gvTavazobs. 5 maiss saqarTvelos goeTes
institutSi man musikos gela megreliZesTan erTad warmoadgina fotogamofena
`tempelhofidan karl marqsis gamziramde~. berlini or nawilad
_ nacional-socialistur da stalinistur banakebad iyo gayofili da,
arqiteqturis mxriv, am ori diqtaturis dapirispirebac da Tanaarsebobac
aq dResac TvalnaTliv Cans. irina abJandaZem ZiriTadad fasadebi gadaiRo,
xolo gela megreliZem aRmosavleT berlinSi dasaxlebuli adamianebi da
maTi sacxovrebeli saxlebis myudro da moduri interierebi. am konstruqtivistuli
reminiscenciis gamofeniT mxatvrebi gvaCveneben, rom bnelma
istoriam Caiara da nagebobebi ubralod nagebobebad darCa, miuxedavad
maTi imdroindeli ideologiuri konteqstebisa. irina abJandaZe ar Ralatobs
wminda xelovnebis normebs da is dokumenturi da struqturalisturi
fotografiis mediums namdvili da mokrZalebuli Terapiis formad
iyenebs. mayurebeli ecnoba nacional-socialisturi germaniis gauqmebuli
aeroportis miwisqveSa saTavsoebs, romlebic faSisturi germaniis sadazvervo
samsaxuris dakiTxvis adgilebsac warmoadgenda da, gela megreliZis
programis perifrazi rom gavakeToT, marTlac gasaocaria am oTaxebSi
mxiaruli grafitebisa da naxatebis aRmoCena, kedlebs uwyinarad rom
amSvenebs. gamofenis gaxsnaze arqiteqtorma levan lominaSvilma waikiTxa
moxseneba nacional-socialisturi arqiteqturis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.
aseve uCvenes nawyveti filmidan `msoflio dedaqalaqi germania~.
26 aprils marjaniSvilis Teatris scena uCveulo speqtakls
daeTmo. quTaisis 45-e skolis moswavleebma, giga miqaZis re-
JisorobiT, mimodrama `evolucia~ warmoadgines. uCveulo ki
am, erTi SexedviT, dramaturgiiTa da inscenirebiT Cveulebriv
speqtaklSi is iyo, rom scenaze mdgom arc erT bavSvs ar
esmoda. quTaisis 45-e skola yru-munji bavSvebisTvisaa gankuTvnili.
`evoluciam~ yvelanairi winaswarganwyoba da stereotipi
gaaqro, rac mayurebels SeiZleba provinciuli Teatris mimarT
hqondes. dekoraciebis kitCuri nimuSebiT gaformebis nacvlad,
scena minimalisturia. aranairi kostiumi, arc erTi rekviziti. patara msaxiobebi ki dramaturgiul
ganviTarebas, moZraobis dinamikas da metic, musikasac ise mihyvebian, rTulia daijero, rom maT arc
sakuTari moZraobis xma esmiT, da speqtaklSi erTmaneTis funqcia da scenaris Sinaarsi reJisorisgan
Jestis pedagogis daxmarebiT gaiges. piter gebrielis meditaciuri musikis fonze, romelic
musikosma skorsezes `qristes ukanaskneli cdunebisTvis~ dawera, speqtaklSi samyaros dabadebis
pirveli scena viTardeba. TeTr tiloSi gaxveulebi scenaze wvanan. ramdenime wuTis Semdeg erTi
maTgani jer frTxilad, Semdeg daJinebiT, elastiuri moZraobiT cdilobs garsis SemorRvevas da
male naWris `kvercxidan~ jer kaci `ibadeba~, Semdeg _ qali. erTmaneTs ramdenime wuTis manZilze
Soridan akvirdebian, mere ki xelebiT erTmaneTis sxeulebis Seswavlas iwyeben; amCneven msgavsebas
da gansxvavebas. es samyaros Seqmnis da adamianis ganviTarebis ambavia. yvela Tvisebas da SegrZnebas
gzadagza iZenen; swavloben, rogor daZlion SimSili, wyurvili, sicive. mere sxva kvercxebidanac
iCekebian da Cndeba tomi. tomi iwyebs cxovrebas. tomSi Cndeba pirveli tyuili, pirveli danaSauli
_ codva da amiT gamowveuli mkvleloba; bolos ki _ rwmena da siyvaruli, rogorc kaTarzisi.
scenaze mdgomma 13-ma mozardma, romlebsac speqtaklis dasrulebisas maTken mimarTuli aplodismentebis
xmac ki ar esmodaT, mimodramis saSualebiT sazogadoebas aCvena da uambo im gzis Sesaxeb,
yvelani rom gavdivarT, ganurCevlad imisa, Cvens welTaRricxvamde davibadeT, Tu 21-e saukuneSi.
avtori: naTia guliaSvili
mimoxilva
16 cxeli Sokoladi
iuri meCiTovis Jurnalisturi retrospeqtiva
qarvaslaSi gaixsna cnobili qarTveli fotografis, iuri meCiTovis gamofena, romelic
detalebSi asaxavs saqarTvelos cxovrebas 1981 wlidan dRemde. es daxunZluli eqspozicia
matianes warmoadgens, magram mTavari aq mainc adamianTa bedia; adamianebis, romlebmac ukiduresad
rTuli da siZneleebiT aRsavse cxovreba ganvles da aseve Seegebnen 21-e saukunes.
Tu rogori ganadgurebulebi SevediT 21-e saukuneSi, amis saCveneblad iuri meCiTovma
iseTi fotoebi gamofina, romelic Cvens rux cxovrebas Segvaxsenebs, da rasac ukve veRarc
vamCnevT, radgan Tvali SeeCvia. am fotoebze alag-alag krTeba raRac Souebis, modelebis,
dResaswaulebis amsaxveli kadrebi, romlebic, Raribuli sabWoTa periodis raionuli
sasadiloebis an atalaxebul quCebSi umweod darCenili adamianebis fonze, sevdian
Sinaarss iZenen _ TiTqos es zeimebi soflis mitovebul klubSi imarTeba, Cven ki Cveni
cxovreba uaRresad feSenebeluri gvgonia. mitingebi, samgloviaro procesiebi, SimSili,
omebi, darbevebi, gulubryvilobamde misuli uimedoba _ iuri meCiTovi imas gviCvenebs, rac
mis garSemo yoveldRiurad iyo am 20 wlis manZilze. erT suraTSi is kontrasts asaxavs
_ cocxlad darCenili mebrZolebis win miwaze dasvenebuli, daxocili da nawamebi jariskacebis
sxeulebi. Cven ki kontrastis mxolod erT mxares vxedavT, daviRaleT da gamosavali,
principSi, mainc ar Cans.
miuxedavad fotosuraTebis simravlisa, fotografma eqspozicia ise aawyo, rom es masStaburi
gamofena damTvalierebels ar Rlis. da miuxedavad yvelafrisa, arc simZimis grZnoba
mogyveba darbazidan gamosuls. albaT imitom, rom es realobaa da aq aravin gatyuebs.
fotografi gvaCvenebs, rom simarTles, ra mZimec unda iyos is, ukeTesi momavlis realuri
safuZveli metad aqvs, vidre aqa-iq amokrefil mxiarul, sinamdvileSi ki, sevdian kadrebs.
mnaxvels iseTi ganwyoba eufleba, TiTqos am gamofenis mere raRac unda Seicvalos, TiTqos
es am ruxi periodis damTavrebis sindromia. ar vici, rogor moaxerxa fotografma aseTi
optimisturi gancdis Seqmna _ nuTu mxolod imiT, rom viciT, cuds kargi mosdevs, da
rom aq yvela foto Sav-TeTria, darbazis gareT ki mainc mravali feriT aRsavse cxovreba
gvelodeba.
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: irina xuciSvili
ok kafe droebiT daixura
1 maiss rok kafe droebiT sazeimod daixura e.w. papsas ironiuli jem koncertiT. manamde
ki, ramdenime dRiT adre daxurvis realuri programa valeri xaCiZes da jguf `monoplans~
ekuTvnodaT. es jgufi, romelic TbilisSi avangardul alternatiul roks ukravs, marTlac
yvelaze metad enaTesaveba `autsaiders~ da mis mTavar figuras, robi kuxianiZes. swored es
ori musikosi iyo warmodgenili bolo koncertebze rok kafeSi, 28 da 29 aprils.
Tu `autsaiders~ rusuli pankis Slageri da qarTuli kitCuri baladis kargad gamogonili
melodiuri Samanizmi aerTianebs, `monoplani~ wminda anarqistuli pankia, harmoniis pirobiTi
monaxaziT, refrenis monotonurobiT, arcTu martivi melodiiT da yvirilSi gadasuli
vokaliT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom orive am jgufs utopiuri anarqistuli idealebi asazrdoebs,
iseTi, ruseTSi, ukrainaSi an amerikaSi rom SeiZleba naxoT, magram ara _ saqarTveloSi. da
SeiZleba swored ocnebis es xarisxi hmatebs momxibvlelobas maT musikas.
daxurvis wina dReebSi rok kafeSi sxva raRacebic moxda _ mwerali Teona dolenjaSvili performansebis
keTebaze gadavida da erT saRamos beqa molaSvilTan erTad SesaniSnavi teqsturmusikaluri
performansi warmoadgina, saxelwodebiT `fidai~. es iyo istoria Saxid qalze,
romelic Tavs ifeTqebs. Cven, mayureblebi ki vxedavdiT am qals darbazSi da vicodiT, rom
mas Tavi unda aefeTqebina. amasobaSi Teona dolenjaSvilis prozauli reCitativi poeziad
gadaiqca da mTlianobaSi es gamosvla marTlac kargi performansi gamovida; gvesmoda teqsti
da am teqstis detalebi ufro gvxiblavda, vidre istoria.
mokled, raRac misteriuli dReebi idga _ valeri xaCiZem wiTeli qsoviliT Tvalaxveulma
imRera mTeli koncerti, romelic erT uwyvet mTlianobaSi mimdinareobda. mas SesaniSnavi
gitaristi, stas rogankovi da bendi hyavda da es marTlac erT-erTi saukeTeso koncerti iyo
bolo periodis TbilisSi. Teona dolenjaSvilma moulodnelad lamazi literatura da teqsti
Seqmna, ara mxolod imiT, rac ukve dawerili hqonda da xelSi eWira, aramed mTlad Cven
Tvalwin, iqve rac iqmneboda _ teqsts, musikasa da Saxid msaxiob qals Soris.
guldasawyvetia da albaT bevrs moenatreba es adgili rusTavelze. miT umetes, rogorc cnobilia,
aq xuTSabaTobiT `lib.ge~-sa da rok kafes erToblivi art-saRamoebis tradiciac damkvidrda.
Tumca, rok kafe male, sul ramdenime TveSi axal SenobaSi gaixsneba. manamde ki `lib.ge~
gaCerebas arc apirebs _ ukve gadawyda, literaturis muzeumTan iTanamSromlebs.
foto: irina xuciSvili
mimoxilva
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: naTia xaCiraSvili
cxeli Sokoladi 17
mimoxilva
18 cxeli Sokoladi
gaseirneba Zveli Tbilisis fotopeizaJSi
evropis saxlma TbilisSi saqmianoba masStaburi kulturuli RonisZiebiT
_ fotogamofeniT daiwyo. Zveli Tbilisis ubnebi 3 dRiT Tbilisi Open Air
Photo Fest-is sagamofeno teritoriad iqca. 15 maisis Rames gudiaSvilis
baRidan abanoTubnamde damontaJebul aT ekranze asobiT foto cvlida
erTmaneTs. gamofena cnobili arlis fotofestivalis (Les Rencontres
d’Arles) programasac maspinZlobda. arlis „wlis Ramis“ farglebSi erTi
Ramis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime ekrani sinqronulad dilamde uCvenebda da
imeorebda msoflios wamyvani Jurnalebis, saagentoebis da damoukidebeli
fotoxelovanebis namuSevrebs da videoproeqciebs. maT Soris iyo: Le
Monde, Vogue, GQ, STILETTO, Reuters, World Press Photo, Magmun Photos, Corbis Outline.
paralelurad ki, im RamiT SegeZloT Tbilisis fotografiis saxlis
mier warmodgenili 12 qarTveli fotografis da 2 qarTuli Jurnalis _
`liberalis~ da `tabulas~ fotoreportiorebis namuSevrebic genaxaT;
aseve _ uiliam kleinis telearx ARTE-sTvis Seqmnili videoseria `kontaqtebi~,
nan goldinis Sesaxeb, sadac gamoyenebulia fotoebi goldinis
ciklidan `balada seqsualur damokidebulebaze~. Zveli Tbilisis arqiteqturuli
Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, gamofena Photo Fest TbilisSi sagamofeno
sivrcis gamoyenebis yvelaze saintereso SemTxveva iyo. mTlianobaSi,
mTeli es sivrce erTian kompozicias warmoadgenda: Zveli Tbilisis
sxeuli da 10 patara Tvali, sadac mudmivad cimcimebda sxvadasxva
gamosaxuleba. ekranebs Soris moseirne mayureblis moZraoba erTgvari
hefeningis ganwyobas qmnida, miuxedavad imisa, rom damTvalierebeli
fotoperformansSi uSualod ar monawileobda. arlis programis garda,
Tbilisis fotofestivalis farglebSi ramdenime personaluri gamofena,
fotografTa dajildoeba, diskusia da Alter Vision-is organizebuli koncertic
moewyo. 14 maiss, festivalis gaxsnis dRes evropis saxlSi saagento
magnumma konkursis _ `prizi axalgazrda fotografisTvis kavkasiis
regionidan“ _ monawileebi daajildova. daro sulakaurma saqarTvelodan
da karen mirzoianma somxeTidan sapatio diplomebi miiRes, gamarjvebuli
ki azerbaijaneli rena efendi gaxda, romlis proeqtis PIPE DREAMS gamofena
evropis saxlSi im dResve moewyo. fotoseria, romelic baqo-Tbilisijeihanis
navTobsadens exeboda, gviCvenebs, Tu rogor aisaxeba 1700 km-ze
gadaWimuli politikurad mniSvnelovani milsadeni regionis sami qveynis
socialur cxovrebaze. proeqtis Cveneba msoflios ramdenime qveyanaSi
ukve Sedga da wignadac gamoica, Tumca Tavad azerbaijanSi, politikuri
cenzuris gamo, damTvalierebels misi naxvis saSualeba dRemde
ar hqonia. meore personaluri gamofena festivalis daxurvis dRes, 16
maiss `purpurSi~ Sedga. maikl kenas fotoseria `saqarTvelo~ 2008 wlis
ganmavlobaSi iqmneboda da festivalis organizatoris, nestan niJara-
Zis TqmiT, gamofenaze warmodgenili 11 foto, romelic kenam Tbilisis
fotografiis saxls personalurad gamougzavna, seriis nawilia, romelic
aucileblad gagrZeldeba da wignadac gamoicema. qarTveli damTvalierebeli
ucxoeli fotografis TvaliT danaxul saqarTveloSi naklebad Tu
aRmoaCens raime siaxles. mTis peizaJebi da misi aucilebeli komponentebi
_ eklesia da maRlobze Semomdgari cxvari. meore mxriv ki, zRvis sanapiro
zolis palmebi albaT ufro maTTvis iqneba saintereso, visTvisac saqarTvelo
ucnobi egzotikuri qveyanaa. saboloo jamSi, Tbilisis fotofestivali
Tbiliseli fotomoyvarulebisTvis saukeTeso SesaZlebloba
iyo, lokalur sivrceSi enaxaT, Tu rogor gamoiyureba bolo dros mediis
grandebis fotoTvalebiT danaxuli beberi samyaro, Tavisi ukanaskneli
konfliqturi SeiaraRebiT, Raribi ubnebis getoebiTa da Ramis qalaqebis
glamuruli cxovrebiT.
avtori: naTia guliaSvili
foto: levan xerxeuliZe
Rvinis festivali
daaxloebiT ori kviris win eTnografiuli muzeumisTvis satelitidan foto ro gadageRo,
Sua saukuneebis banaki gegoneboda. SeiZleba kidev ufro Sors wasvla da romelime aRmosavleli
dampyroblis laSqrobis dros gaSlil banakze saubaric, magram iq, eTnografiulSi, arc
murvan yru iyo da verc grZelfexa edvards mohkravdiT Tvals. im karvebSi, romelic romeli-
Rac qveynis armiis banaks hgavda, qarTveli meRvineebi iyvnen dabinavebulni _ Tavisi naJuriT,
wiTliT da TeTriT, wulukiZis TeTraTi da usaxelauriT, qvevris da qarxnis RviniT...
eWvi mepareba, vinmem ar icodes, raze vlaparakob, magram ar iqneba urigo, Tu mainc gavixsenebT.
ese igi, Sen xar Cemi batoni, eTnografiul muzeumSi `axali Rvinis festivali~ Catarda.
eTnografiuls im dRes saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan ewvivnen meRvineebi. iyvnen didi qarxnebis
warmomadgenlebi TavianTi auareba RviniT, aqauriT da iqauriT, mSraliT da naxevrad
mSraliT, tkbiliT da naxevrad tkbiliT... yvelaze gemrieli ki mainc meRvine ojaxebi iyvnen
TavianTi neqtariT, mama-papis datovebuli tradiciebiT da muRamiT, rasac ubralod, mxolod
Rvinis msmeli adamiani ver xvdeba. yvela Tavisi Rvinis istorias hyveboda. saubrobdnen teqnologiebze
da sxva aTas wvrilmanze, rasac mxolod Rvinis smiT ver gaigeb.
SeiZleba iTqvas, es iyo erTgvari seminari maTTvis, visac Rvino uyvars da erTxel mainc
ufiqria, Tavad moevlo venaxisTvis, rTvelSi garjiliyo, daewura da bolos daelia sakuTari
nawarmi. Tumca, es festivali mainc pirveli Rvinis zeimi iyo saqarTveloSi. Cven gvaxsovs sayovelTao
rTvelebi, ceka-s mdivniT dawyebuli dRevandeli prezidentiT damTavrebuli yvela
rom iRebs monawileobas. magram is sxva rame iyo da sxva miznebisTvis gaTvlili, romelsac
TavisTavad sxva Sedegi moaqvs. `axali Rvinis festivali~ ki ubralod klasgareSe sakiTxaviviT
iyo, zogadi ganaTlebis ambavSi, romelsac cota SeJuJunebuli Tav-guliT ufro gemrielad
SeigrZnobdi, daRvrili oflis sunsac igrZnobdi, dakoJril xelebsac daafasebdi da miwis
madlsac SeigrZnobdi. ar mindoda, nametani sadRegrZelosaviT gamomsvloda, magram `Rvinis
klubi~ da festivalis partniorebi imisTvis, rac me `eTnografiul muzeumSi~ vnaxe, marTla
erT karg da madlian sadRegrZelos imsaxureben.
mimoxilva
avtori: giorgi svaniZe
cxeli Sokoladi 19
mimoxilva
20 cxeli Sokoladi
aris Tu ara oleg timCenkos sfinqsi samkauli
oleg timCenkos, rogorc avtoritetis, es personaluri gamofena saxelwodebiT `sfinqsi _
saganZuris mcveli~ `gala galereaSi~ SeiZleba imTaviTve miviCnioT raRac iracionalur receptad,
socialuri kritikis indikatorad. avangardTan ase dakavSirebuli mxatvari SeuZlebelia
kritikisgan Sors idges. da Tu is sakuTar feriebs, sirenebs da axla ukve samkaulebs
aseTi xazgasmiT xatavs, es ar aris mxolod silamazis naivuri aRqmis ubraloeba, aramed
SeiZleba ormagi kritikac ki aRmoCndes _ ukve ara mxolod socialuri fonis, aramed TviT im
artistebisken mimarTuli, romlebic dausrulebeli konceptualuri gasaCivrebebiT, nihilisturi
reagirebebiT da marTlac wminda da usafuZvlo narcisistuli pozirebiT arian dakavebulebi.
oleg timCenkos personaluri gamofena warmatebuli iyo. ar maxsendeba bolo periodSi
gamofenis gaxsnaze mosuli amdeni damTvalierebeli. SeiZleba Tbilisi patara qalaqia, aq
mxolod qarTvelebi cxovroben da yvela yvelas icnobs, magram timCenkos gamofenis gaxsnaze
me namdvilad ar vicnobdi yvelas. esec triukia, akeTo iseTi xelovneba, romelic yvelas
moizidavs. aseTi triuki ki niWia _ akritikebde ara aqtivisturad, sworxazovnad, lozungiT
_ aramed ase ironiulad, Sefarulad, daxvewilad, impersonalurad. swored am unariT
gaxda endi uorholi yvelasgan gamorCeuli da albaT namdvili avangardis yvelaze utyuari
niSanic es aris. oleg timCenkos skivrebis, beWdebis, mZivebis, gnomebisa da sarfiani garigebebis
scenebis es gamofena, rogorc firosmans, Sav fonze aqvs daxatuli. da iseve, rogorc
niko firosmanTan, an endi uorholTan, aqac figurebi cariel sivrceSi gamokidebuli aplikaciebia
da amiT maTi solipsisturi gamovlineba dauviwyari da STambeWdavia. oleg timCenkos
es gamofena imiTac aris gamorCeuli, rom aq misi xatvis Zveli xelwera kvlav Zalze uSualod
Cans da ar aris datvirTuli raime siuJetze an koncefciaze miniSnebebiT. am suraTebSi
swored oleg timCenkos magiuri konturebis xazi da am xazebis palitraa erT-erTi mTavari
gzavnili.
diax, saqme swored piriqiTaa, avangardSi xelovneba samkauli ar aris, Tundac naxatSi samkauli
exatos _ da kargad rom daukvirde, mas verc gamoiyeneb. aseTi, TiTqmis SeumCneveli
ironiis mqone mxatvaria oleg timCenko. is mixvda, ras elodebian adamianebi mxatvrobisgan
da maT am daxatuli samkaulebiviT ZviradRirebul poezias sTavazobs.
`gala galerea~ sul axlaxan gaixsna da misma mflobelma da kuratorma dedika buliam ukve
daiwyo im niSis Seqmna, rac SeiZleba axal, ufro ukeTes da damsaxurebul epoqasac uqaddes
saqarTvelos samxatvro kulturas. es galerea xazgasmiT, ukompromisod da eleganturad warmoadgens
maRali gemovnebis Tanamedrove mxatvrobas da misi uaxlesi istoriis Seqmnas iwyebs.
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: irina xuciSvili
mimoxilva
istoriuli reversi
sapnis aromatiT
avtori: naTia guliaSvili
foto: Tako robaqiZe
rusTavelis Teatris eqsperimentul scenaze ivnisamde
proeqt `axali talRis~ piesebi iqneba warmodgenili.
Teatris magistrant studentebs `Ria
sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ konkursSi gasuli am
proeqtis farglebSi 10 axalgazrda qarTveli dramaturgis
piesa scenaze gadaaqvT.
`sapnis opusi~ 10 piesidan erT-erTia, romelic
dramaturg daTo gabunias ekuTvnis, reJisori ki maka
nacvliSvilia. dramaturgisTvis es rigiT mesame namuSevaria.
erTmoqmedebiani drama-komediis uvertiura Teatris
gverdiTa Sesasvlelidan iwyeba, sadac germaneli
oficris formaSi gamowyobili qali mkacrad
gafrTxilebT, rom telefonebi gamorToT da gaxsovdeT,
saaTisa da 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Senobas ver
datovebT. mere ki bneli gvirabis gavliT, romelic
TandaTan labirinTis saxes iRebs da sul ufro Rrmad,
sardafisken CahyavxarT, farniT xelSi migiZRvebaT.
lamis 5-wuTiani mogzaurobis Semdeg, sarepeticio
oTaxs miadgebiT, speqtaklis scenad rom
gardauqmniaT. oTaxis karTan ki kontroliori yvelas
saTiTaod gkiTxavT `qarTveli xar?~ da dadebiTi
pasuxis SemTxvevaSi wiTel beWeds gasvamT mtevanze.
22 cxeli Sokoladi
amgvarad, mayurebelic am jurRmulis erT-erTi tusaRi
xdeba, romelsac arc fanjara aqvs, arc gana-
Teba, mxolod scenis siRrmeSi, ukana kedels wiTeli
Suqi anaTebs da mis fonze TandaTan arCevT 3 sxeuls.
qalebi oTaxSi auCqareblad da umisamarToT daborialeben.
moqmedeba 1953 wels viTardeba, meore msoflio
omis Semdeg 7 welia gasuli, Tumca aq istoriuli
realoba Tavdayira dgas. 1945 wlis gamarjvebuli nacisturi
germaniaa, stalini tyveobaSi hyavT. cisfer-
Tvala, qeraTmiani germanelebi TavianTi janmrTeli,
ariuli rasis gasamravleblad abasTumnis sakoncentracio
banakad gadakeTebul observatoriaSi datusaRebul
qarTvel qalebs aupatiureben da eqsperimentebs
atareben.
am abzacis Semdeg uTuod gagaxsendebodaT kventin
tarantinos swored meore msoflio omis Temaze parodireba
filmSi `usaxelo nabiWvrebi~.
sakoncentracio banakis erT oTaxSi 4 mTavari gmiri
qali cxovrobs. nestani, medea, qeTevani da salome.
saxelebs literaturuli personaJebidan iReben,
albaT imitom, rom mayurebelma maTi saqarTvelos-
Tan identifikaciis SegrZneba ar dakargos. scenis
mTeli dekoracia 4 logini da maT Tavze dakidebuli
naTurebia. qalebs sakoncentracio banakis standartuli
forma _ moSxamuli iisferi da danomrili kabebi
acviaT. amgvari gaformeba gabunias speqtaklebisTvis
uCveulo araa da karnavalur kostiumebiT,
dekoraciebiT da paTetikuri yviril-SeZaxilebiT
gajerebul qarTul Teatralur sivrceSi, es namdvilad
minimalisturi arCevania. samagierod, aq mTeli
datvirTva teqstze modis, rac avtorisTvis mniSvnelovania,
dramaturgias dialogebiTa da monologebiT
aviTarebs da zogjer sxva literaturuli teqstebis
gadaTamaSebasac mimarTavs.
oTxive gmiri sakuTari `solo~ monologiT ixsenebs
arcTu Soreul warsuls, germaniasTan damarcxebamdel
saqarTvelos, mSoblebs, sayvarel adamians,
romelic germanelebma daxvrites, an romelmac im
mizeziT miatova, rom colad maSindeli kulturis
ministris grigol robaqiZis qaliSvili falestra SeerTo.
istoriul sinamdvileSi `falestras~ avtors
da faSizmiT gatacebul robaqiZes speqtaklSi germaniis
imperia am TanamdebobiT asaCuqrebs.
imperias arc im qarTveli dedebis gmirobis wodebiT
dajildoeba enaneba, romelTa saSoc erTgulad
emsaxureba arielebis gamravlebis saqmes. Tumca Cveni
oTxeulisTvis es gmiroba sasjeli da tanjvaa, radgan
amis gamo qarTvelebi maT moRalateebad Tvlian
da ician, mtris msaxurebas aRarasodes apatieben. qalebs
danaSaulis gamosyidva arc im protestis gamoxatviT
SeuZliaT, romelsac mTeli saqarTvelo
moucavs. saqme isaa, rom germanelebi sakoncentra-
cio banakebSi qarTvelebis muclis qonisgan sapons
amzadeben da xalxs urigeben. tyveebi ki ormag winaaRmdegobaSi
vardebian, erTi mxriv, maT mtris binZuri
Teslis CamoSoreba da amiT daorsulebis Tavidan
acileba surT, meore mxriv ki, kargad ician sapnis
Semadgeneli ingredientebi da dabanaze uaris TqmiT
cdiloben SeinarCunon qarTveloba. es pasaJi ramdenadac
dramatulia scenis realobaSi, imdenadve komikuria
qarTul kulturul da socialur konteqstSi
da `qarTuli Rirsebis SenarCunebis~ ritorikis parodias
warmoadgens.
qalebis mdgomareoba TandaTan gausaZlisi xdeba,
yvela maTgani fiqrobs TviTmkvlelobaze, magram banakSi
oTaxebs fanjrebi ar aqvs, Weri ki miuwvdomlad
maRalia da arc raime nivTi moepovebaT, rom sxeuli
daizianon. kulminaciur momentSi maTi mxsneli saponi
aRmoCndeba, roca afeqtSi myofi erT-erTi tusaRi
mamebis, Zmebis da qmrebis qonisgan damzadebul sapnis
did maragSi gaSmagebiT eZebs sakuTar gulisswors da
`poulobs~, mere wylis kasrSi dgeba da esiyvaruleba.
kvanZis gaxsna misi bolo moqmedebaa _ qali patara
WurWels nabani sapniani wyliT avsebs da sulmouTqmelad
gamoclis. sxvebic mas baZaven.
maSin, roca omis da qalis Temaze qarTuli xelovneba
qalis, rogorc gmiris da namdvili vaJkacebis
aRmzrdeli dedis saxis SeqmniT Semoifargleba, `sapnis
opusi~ istoriis erTi nawilis gayalbebiT, im gacilebiT
mtkivneul magram uxilav mxares eZebs da
gvaCvenebs, romelic SeiZleba sulac ar dgas realobisgan
Zalian Sors.
cxeli Sokoladi 23
ecenzia
mieciT qmari ninis...
da `vardisferi neorealizmi~ tanjul mayurebels
rogorc iqna!.. wvalebiT
gadaRebuli filmebi omze,
siduxWireze, narkomanebze,
qurdebze, umuSevrebsa
da sxva aTasi juris ubedurebaze
optimisturma
`ocnebis qalaqma~ erT kviraSi
gaabaTila. rogorc
amboben, filmma kinogaqiravebas
ukve rekorduli
Semosavali moutana. warmatebul
prodiusers (marto
rene harlinis `jorjia~
rad Rirs!), yoCaR klipmeikers
(fsous wyalic xom
gaxsovT?) da axla `ocnebis qalaqiT~ Tu vimsjelebT, komerciul
reJisors _ daviT imedaSvils didi Sansi aqvs,
qarTul depresiul `neorealizmze~ erTi mardi da msubuqi
xelis dakvriT amaRldes. aba, qalaqi tyuiladaa ase
ganaTebuli, xolo saaxalwlod rusTavelze iluminaciis
mauwyebeli WaRebi ubralod dakides? an `pe-es-pe~ marto
`Cveni ojaxis afTiaqi~ xom ar iqneba?.. aucilebelia,
cota ram saqmian burJuziasac darCes gasarTobad.
yvelaferi, rac imedaSvilis imediT, saaxalwlod Se-
Txzul `ocnebis qalaqSia~ _ saqmianad mibnedili Sorena
begaSvilis xarisxiani TeTreuliT (xanac `SaveuliT~) dawyebuli,
`naiT ofisSi~ momzadebuli alublis koqteilebiT,
Tu finalSi momlodined gaocebuli maia asaTianis
reaqciiT damTavrebuli _ `vardisferi cxovrebis~
mZafrad gamoxatul iluzias ukavSirdeba. rogorc Cans,
amaod verCodiT Tavis droze sazogadoebriv mauwyebels
`vardisferi gzis~ gamo. masze axla ukve nac-moZraobiT
waxalisebuli axalgazrda reJisori, daviT imedaSvili,
dramaturg beso solomonaSvilis TiTqmis zomieri iumoris
xarjze miabijebs. da jguf `mgzavrebis~ eniT Tu
melodiiT gvamcnobs: `Cven avaSenebT ocnebis qalaqs~.
sxvaTa Soris, bevrs sjera kidec am iluzoruli qalaqmSeneblobis,
Tumca spa-salonebSi `natanji~ gogonebiviT
damcinavad amboben, rom `oficiantic adamiania~.
rac Seexeba Tavad oficiant sandros (arCil soloRaSvili
filmSi yvelasTan SedarebiT namdvilad msaxiobia),
erTi morcxvi biWia, romelic prestiJul barSi muSaobs
da gamoucnobi niWis mqone milioneri Sefis (duta sxirtlaZe)
londonidan dabrunebuli qaliSvili nini (nanka
kalatoziSvili) Seuyvardeba. grZnobebSi vergarkveuli
ninis ki amasobaSi Soumeni da mamikos `oqros biWi~ (paata
papuaSvili) cudi zraxvebiT umiznebs...
`lirikuli komedia dramis elementebiT~ imdenad ba-
24 cxeli Sokoladi
avtori: daviT buxrikiZe
naluri da sworxazovania,
rom mas verc gamocdili
dramaturgis Selamazeba,
verc feradovnebaze gamecadinebuli
operatoris
optimizmi da verc jguf
`mgzavrebis” adamianureTnografiuli
lirizmi
Svelis. Tanac, `hepi endis~
logika da holivuduri
finali moiTxovs, rom
niWier, magram upatrono
musikosebs meriidan damxmare
gamouCndeT (bolos
da bolos, mudmivad bnel
da civ sadarbazoebSi, an saxuravze xom ar daukraven?),
xolo morcxvi da wesieri oficianti, romelic saWiro
SemTxvevaSi barmenis fantaziiTacaa dajildoebuli, milioneri
da lamis qarafSuta gogos siyvaruliT dajildovdes.
rasakvirvelia, ocnebis winaaRmdegi, ufro zustad,
rac ocneba-imedis kinematografiul xatebs ukavSirdeba,
aravinaa. ubralod, CvenTan SeTxzuli `vardisferi
neorealizmi~ (giga aglaZis TiTqmis xelovnuri `gogona
slaididan~, plus daviT imedaSvilis optimisturi `ocnebis
qalaqi~) gacilebiT energiulad aRorZinda, vidre
moklevadiani `neorealizmi~ gaixarebda da fesvebs gaidgamda
(levan TuTberiZis `mogzauroba yarabaRSi~, aleko
cabaZis `rusuli samkuTxedi~, levan koRuaSvilis `quCis
dReebi~). Tumca, italiurisagan gansxvavebiT, jer mokr-
Zalebuli Sedevrebi verc feradad vixileT da verc
aqromatul ganzomilebaSi. kino siyvaruliviTaa: `cota
xniT unda dakargo, rom mere mixvde, ra dakarge~...
sxvaTa Soris, am frazas filmSi swored Seyvarebuli
da imedgacruebuli oficianti ambobs, romlis lirikuli
melanqolia da mokrZalebuli socialuri statusi
(xelmocaruli msaxiobi mama, lamis dangreuli bina Zvel
TbilisSi da musikosi megobrebi) erTaderTi bunebrivi
gamonaTebaa. danarCeni sofitebis xelovnur Suqze, dizainerisa
da mxatvris mier arcTu koxtad gaformebul
Ramis barebsa da spa-salonebSi gaTamaSebul `modelirebul
dramas~ hgavs... lirikuli komediis elementebiT.
magram optimistur sasowarkveTaSi ar CavardeT. afi-
Sebi qarTuli kinos aRorZinebas isev gvamcnoben da mais-
Si ramaz CaCavas inglisuri saxelwodebis mqone filmze
_ Spam-ze gvepatiJebian. oRond iq auzebi, grZelfexeba
gogoebi da Sampanuri ar iqneba. mistikur trilerSi gardacvlilTa
sulebis `gamoZaxeba~ geliT.
37
avtori: gigi guledani
gamomdinare iqidan, rom gasuli Tve sayovelTao si-
Zulvilis Tved gamocxadda, saWirod CavTvale, gamomeqveynebina
angariSi, romelSic ruseTSi Cemi bolo vizitis
ramdenime garemoebas Sevexebodi.
moskovSi Cemi wasvla `bolo wams~ gadawyda da sul vfiqrobdi,
_ netavi Tu SeiZleba Cvens droSic (antiteroristul
procedurebs vgulisxmob) aeroportSi naxevari
saaTiT adre gamocxadeba-meTqi; miT umetes, kargad maxsovs,
sami Tvis win rogor gamWedes 8 saaTiT CikagoSi
aviaxazebis ugemovnod Cacmulma gogoebma, maiamis reisze
sul raRac ormocdaxuTi wuTiT adre misvlisTvis.
magram bolos mainc wavedi.
imis gamo, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi davibade da rusulic
kargad vici, moskovSi Tavi ucxoelad ar migrZvnia (me
mapatieT). rac ar unda igeslebodnen televiziebi leninis
mumiasa da moskovSi stalinis kultis reabilitaciaze,
quCaSi TxuTmetwuTiani gaseirnebac ki sakmarisia, rom
daaskvna _ sabWoTa moskovs dabruneba aRar uweria. es
Cveulebrivi msoflio megapolisia da erTaderTi Zafi,
romelic sabWoTa moqalaqeebis bolo Taobas masTan
gvakavSirebs, ukve gamqrali sabWoTa yofierebis gancda
da skolaSi naswavli rusuli enaa. am Zafis gawyvetac
drois ambavia, da vidre es moxdeba, SegiZliaT datkbeT
gamqral civilizaciasTan ziarebuli adamianis gancdiT.
jer kidev TviTmfrinavSi daviwye fantazioroba: ai,
moskovSi SeiZleboda-meTqi `mament~ gadmosvla sacxovreblad,
da warmovidgine, rogor veubnebi kioskis gamyidvels
iqaur gancxadebebis gazeTze: `Газету объявлении,
пожалуйста~, romelsac Semdeg metros eskalatorze wavikiTxavdi.
Cemi azriT, swored aseTi unda yofiliyo namdvili
moskovuri samuSao dRis dasasruli.
fiqrebidan eskalatorze CarTulma niusebma gamomarkvia:
`Сегодня на Киевском проспекте, в торговом центре
произошел несчастный случай, при котором пострадавший
потерял девять из десяти пальцев. Как ни странно, он не подал в
суд на администрацию~...
metrodan swrafadve amovedi imitom, rom erT `enjeoSnikur~
simpoziumze magviandeboda (risTvisac saerTod
wavedi kidec moskovSi, amjerad). `suxoi paioki~ da fuli
organizatorebma aeroportSi daxvedrisTanave davgi-
komentari
riges. `paioki~ iyo gemrieli da odnav depresiuli. iqve
CavkbiCe erTi cali burito (meqsikuri burito moskovSi
sul sxva bazaria), gverdiT mdgom ukrainel gogos gavu-
Rime da piramovsebulma odnav uxerxuli ClifiniT vu-
Txari: `Как говориться, _ marto kaci WamaSiac braliao~...
ase daiwyo Cemi moskovuri voiaJi.
sastumroSi, sanam abazana wyliT ivseboda, saabazano
oTaxis did fanjarasTan videqi da gareT viyurebodi.
fanjridan gadaSlili panorama TbilisSi, Cemi aivnidan
nucubiZis platos xeds magonebda, sadac uklebliv yvela
korpuss svamdnen mTlianad lurj SuSebSi, romlebzec mze
irekleboda da, ris gamoc, plato seulis centrs hgavda.
mere gamoverkvie da davakvirdi, rom abazanis fanjridan
aseve Canda badeebiT SemosazRvruli ezo stadioniT.
gamaxsenda, sastumros konsierJi meubneboda, _ es swored
is ezoa, sadac film `kurieris~ daskvniTi scenaa gada-
Rebulio. is gulisxmobda epizods, romelSic Sebindebisas
jaridan axlad dabrunebuli jariskaci ezoSi moyiale
Tineijerebs akvirdeba. `kurieri~ imdenad didi xnis
win mqonda nanaxi, rom verc es scena aRvidgine da verc
is gavixsene, ratom unda dasrulebuliyo Tavisi drois
erT-erTi sakulto rusuli filmi sasowarkveTili jariskacis
saxiT.
sanam fanjridan gadaSlil panoramas vakvirdebodi,
dabindda, saidanRac gaZlierda oTxmocianebis old school
musika da ezoSi gamosvla daiwyo axalgazrdebis Wrelma
`tusovkam~. maT Soris iyo sastumrodan gamosuli Cemi
simpoziumis `sastavic~. maT danaxvaze, abazanis onkani davkete
da mec gareT gavedi.
musika ukve Zalian xmamaRla ukravda. stadionis kideSi
Cadgmul ludis jixurTan idga Zveli sabWoTa macivari
`dnepri~, zustad iseTi, rogoric saxlSi maqvs. ise hgavda
nakawrebiTac, rom raRac momenti vifiqre, _ Cemi xom ar
aris-meTqi, _ mis gverdiT davdeqi da xalxs davakvirdi.
moskovis transformaciaSi darwmunebulma gaocebiT aRvniSne,
rom `kurieris~ ezos mixedviT Tu vimsjelebdiT,
80-ianebis Semdeg aq bevri arc araferi Secvlila. videqi
da Tineijerebs vuyurebdi, roca uceb viRacam gamwia, macivris
kari gamoaRo da civi ludi amoiRo. mere meore
mxridan sxvam gamwia uxeSad da imanac ludi aiRo. xalxi,
or-ori, sam-samkaciani jgufebiT elaparakeboda erTmaneTs.
idga saSineli aurzauri, ismoda magari breiq-dansis
musika, wkrialebda ludis boTlebi da ganuwyvetliv ajaxunebdnen
Zveli macivris kars.
gamaxsenda, rom simpoziumis Power Point-is prezentaciisTvis
unda gadamexeda da nomerSi avbrundi. abazanis
wyali idealur temperaturamde gagrilebuliyo da masSi
Cawolisas vfiqrobdi, rom rac im wuTas ezoSi vnaxe, albaT
ar iyo specialurad dadgmuli, magram erTi-erTze
hgavda `kurieris~ finalur scenas, mniSvnelovani detalis
garda _ ezoSi ar SemimCnevia demobilizebuli, sasowarkveTili
jariskaci, romlis saxec bolo ramaa, rasac
am filmSi titrebis wamosvlamde xedav.
cxeli Sokoladi 25
komentari
avtori: basa janikaSvili
tendenciuri gmirebis
aRlumi
avtori: basa janikaSvili
nuRar uyureb Wers,
Tu ar uSveli Tavs,
aravin gagiRebs kars.
irakli Carkviani
ra gansxvavebaa iranis islamur respublikasa da saqar-
Tvelos demokratiul respublikas Soris? iranSi akrZalulia
azartuli TamaSebi _ ubralo saTamaSo kartsac
ver iyidi. saqarTveloSi yovel fexis nabijze saTamaSo
avtomatebi da samorineebia. iranSi mandilosnebi xijabs,
anu Tavsafars atareben, saqarTveloSi qalbatonebs naxevrad
Cacmulebs SeuZliaT siaruli, Tu, ra Tqma unda,
figura amis saSualebas miscems. iranSi misalmebisas qals
xels ver CamoarTmev, akrZalulia. saqarTveloSi SegiZlia,
Sua rusTavelze welSi Seuvarde. TeiranSi, iranis amJamindel
dedaqalaqSi, SesamCnevad cota meCeTia. TbilisSi ki,
saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi, sagrZnoblad bevri eklesiaa. es
CamonaTvali usasrulod SegviZlia gavweloT. gansxvaveba
marTlac bevria.
ukve meramdene arCevnebia, araerTi politikuri partiis
sareklamo klipSi patriarqis saxelis gamoyeneba midis. me
amas spekulacias davarqmevdi, ufro rbilad Tu vityviT _
manipulacias. ukanaskneli TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli
saarCevno kampaniebis analizma mafiqrebina, rom
es ukve Seuqcevadi procesia. es SemTxveviTi ar aris. politikosebi
Tvlian, radgan saqarTvelos patriarqi udidesi
avtoritetiT sargeblobs, uwmindesis reitingis ra-
Rac procentebis madli maTac SexvdebaT. es ase iqneboda,
rom ara _ erTi detali. rodesac patriarqis saxels bevri
politikuri subieqti erTdroulad iyenebs, xdeba Tavad
procesis devalvacia; ara patriarqis saxelisa da avtoritetis,
aramed procesis gaufasureba. Sedegad, patriarqis
saxelis gamoyenebiT verc erTi politikuri partia ver
aRwevs sasurvel Sedegs. politikuri warmatebisTvis es
aRar kmara.
Tu ase gagrZelda, ramdenime weliwadSi, SesaZloa, sa-
26 cxeli Sokoladi
foto: naTia guliaSvili
qarTvelos patriarqi romelime firmis abrazec vixiloT.
magaliTad: dalieT Tbilisis wyali, am wyals patriarqi
svams; an kidev: CaerTeT Cvens qselSi da daurekeT Tqvens
moZRvars yvelaze dabali tarifiT. SesaZloa patriarqis
da sapatriarqos arapirdapiri reklamac. magaliTad, ai,
ase: mobrZandiT kazino `bedisweraSi~, moigeT milioni da
mogebis aTi procenti sapatriarqoSi gadaricxeT. ra, Zalian
ararealurs vwer? sakmarisia romelime `morwmune~
biznesmenma gariskos, pirvelma gadadgas nabiji da Semdeg
aseTi saxis reklamebi walekavs televiziebsa da radios,
presasa da internets, quCasa da sadarbazoebs.
Sedegad ras miviRebT? farisevlobas da ara _ rwmenas,
siyalbes da ara _ simarTles.
da iciT ra? es rom mxolod araswori sareklamo strategiis
Tema iyos, yuradRebas saerTod ar gavamaxvilebdi.
me ufro saSiS tendencias vxedav. es aris qveynis `gamar-
Tlmadideblebis~ araswori forma.
wignis prezentaciis viTom CaSla, telekompania `kavkasiaSi~
momxdari Cxubi, arafrismTqmeli internet klubi `me
miyvars Cemi patriarqi~, da piriqiT _ fsevdoalternatiuli
klipi patriarqis `monawileobiT~. iseTi STabeWdileba
mrCeba, TiTqos media (yvela saxis) mxolod imitom arsebobs,
rom rac SeiZleba metad daamaxinjos isedac lamazi
sulebi. nuTu, iseTi ususuria sazogadoeba, rom sulier
SimSils am lukmiT ivsebs?
Cven realuri problemebi gvaqvs da amas Tvali unda
gavusworoT. unda vaRiaroT, rom qarTvelebi erTmaneTs
ver vitanT. Cven gviyvars mxolod simRera da galoba mravalxmiani.
erTmaneTi gvezizReba da erTi suli gvaqvs, rom
CavqoloT, Seuracxyofa mivayenoT, davCagroT. Cven guli
gvereva erTmaneTze kafeebsa da restornebSi, skolebsa da
baRebSi, institutebsa da kolejebSi, qorwilebsa da wveulebebSi,
samsaxurebsa da sazogadoebis TavSeyris adgilebSi,
quCasa da transportSi, teleSouebsa da presis furclebze.
Cvens saxeze mxolod zizRia. usuldgmulo zizRi.
magram, es naxevari `bednierebaa~. imitom, rom erTmaneTze
metad Cven gvezizReba afxazebi, osebi, somxebi, rusebi,
azerbaijanelebi da qurTebi. nu vmalavT, xmamaRla vTqvaT
es! guli gvereva cisferebze da vardisferebze, Savebze
da yviTlebze. Cven gvezizReba prezidenti da parlamenti,
opozicia da radikaluri opozicia, `rusTavi 2~ da `imedi~,
`maestro~ da `kavkasia~. Cveni neba rom iyos, mxolod
naTesavebis mcire jgufs da saZmakacos davtovebdiT cocxlad.
Cveni neba rom iyos, ramden rames davuSavebdiT
sakuTar Tavs... Cven viRviZebT gulis reviT da viZinebT
sakuTar narwyevSi. vaRiaroT es da gavTavisufldebiT.
Cven vnaxeT, rom axali reJimis mosvlis Semdeg demokratiis
xarisxma iklo. oriaTas samSi cota Tu ifiqrebda,
rom ase, erTi xelis mosmiT damTavrdeboda Tavisufali
telekompaniebis arseboba. rodesac dRes gvayvedrian, rom
ramdenime televizia, radio da uamravi damoukidebeli gazeTi
arsebobs, aviwydebaT, rom Cven es brZoliT movipoveT
da SevinarCuneT. rom ar gvebrZola, dRes arc erTi
ar gveqneboda. viqnebodiT Cveni bevri mezobeli qveynis
darad.
Tavisufali presa ase Tu ise davicaviT, magram axla Cveni
sulis dacvis droa.
amitom mogviwevs brZola TavisuflebisaTvis. Cvenda
uneburad, im mdinareSi SevdivarT, romelic gadalaxuli
gvegona. brZola ucodinarobis, agresiis, fsevdomarTlmadideblobis
koniunqturasTan, mogviwevs axali frontis
xazis gaxsna. im xazis, romelic gvegona, rom aRar arsebobs.
mogviwevs fsevdoliberalebTan brZola, Cumad rom
isxdnen, rodesac oriaTas cxra wlis aprilSi xelketebiT
dasdevdnen, scemdnen da erCodnen momitingeebs (aRarafers
vambob sxva TariRebze). mogviwevs fsevdomarTlmadideblebis
agresiis da ZaliT liberalebis pasiurobis
lokaluris Zaladoba
avtori: paata Samugia
bexuanosebi cxovels rom moklavdnen, mere bodiSs
uxdidnen. es mniSvnelovani rituali iyo, romelic ise-
Tive mondomebiT xorcieldeboda, rogorc Tavad nadiroba.
darwmunebuli var, cxovelisTvis veraferi Sveba
iqneboda, samagierod, bexuanosebisTvis es aqti erTgvari
kaTarzisi iyo, agresiis makompensirebeli, danaSaulis
gamosyidvis sakraluri momenti, romelic miTologiuri
akribiiT gaamagres.
aqvT Tu ara moralis agresiul guSagebs msgavsi rituali,
rodesac danaSaulis gacnobierebis momenti dgeba?
iqneb es momenti arc dgeba? vin arian isini? pasiuri mrevli,
romelic mxolod lideris TiTis daqnevaze aqtiurdeba
da xalxs fizikurad uswordeba? ritorikuli ki-
Txvebia. TiTqmis.
uxamsobaa, iyo pasiuri, pirovnuli identobis gaucnobiereblad
emsaxurebode kvlavwarmoebas, genofondis
Wirveul konstitucias, xedavde politkoreqtul
sizmrebs, aTvalierebde realobas specialurad SenTvis
gamoyofili WuWrutanidan, saidanac moCans morfologiuri
kentavri: media-mrevli. da iyo kmayofili.
ar vapireb kulturologiuri diskursebis gafiltvras
foto: nodar cxviraSvili
komentari
winaaRmdeg galaSqreba. rodesac pirvelni meorenis saqmiT
arian dakavebulni da meoreni _ pirvelnis. marTlac, Tavdayira
dgas saqarTveloSi yvelaferi. `marTlmadideblebi~
ibrZvian da `liberalebi~ loculoben.
Tu Tavisuflad azrovneba gvinda, Cveni Svilebis laRi
momavali, Tu gvinda gvqondes arCevanis ufleba _ icodeT,
rom es TavisiT ar modis. wels es dasacavia, momavalSi,
SesaZloa, Tavidan iyos mosapovebeli.
magram, riT hgavs irani da saqarTvelo erTmaneTs _ pirvel
rigSi, istoriis saTuTi da gadametebuli siyvaruliT,
erovnuli Rirsebis upiratesobiT, rasis prioritetulobis
gancdiT, saxelisuflo reJimiT, opoziciuri gamosvlebiT,
reformebis surviliT, da rac mTavaria _ iranelebic
da qarTvelebic cvlilebebis molodinSi arian.
da daskvnebis Camoyras, amisaTvis zedmetad Tavmdabali
var; imdenad Tavmdabali, rom ministris Svilic ki ar
var. Sesabamisad, Cemi yoveldRiuri transporti yviTeli,
karga xnis win Camosaweri avtobusia, saidanac ukeT mo-
Cans saqarTvelo, qarTveli sazogadoeba. mgzavruli Temebis
mravalferovan da faqtobrivad usasrulo cikls
am dReebSi ilias universitetis Tema Seemata. „saidumlo
sirobis“ gamoqveynebis Semdeg ilias universiteti ramdenimedRiani
aqciebis talRaSi mohyva. marTalia, aqciebi da
mitingebi saqarTveloSi vis ukvirs, magram iyo aq raRac
sxva, raRac Taviseburi da Zalian, Zalian niSandoblivi:
erT mxares idgnen anonimuri RmerTebis guSagebi, mointeligento
reliqtebi, sakuTar hormonebze amxedrebuli
graalis mcvelebi, romlebic muStiT avrcelebdnen
„rwmenas“, „zneobas“, da meore mxares _ cenzuris mowinaaRmdege,
daqsaqsuli liberalebi, romlebic es-esaa,
memarcxene da memarjvene diskursebze kamaTobdnen da
jer kargad verc gamoerkviaT, rogor unda daecvaT Tavi
„wminda wixlisgan“.
rom ara telekompania „kavkasiis“ eTerSi Sevardna da
Jurnalistebisa da stumrebis winaaRmdeg sastiki angariSsworeba,
albaT, es darbevac SerCeboda mmk-s, rogorc
`helouini~ SerCa, zautaSvilis gamofenis darbeva Ser-
Ca, „didi aTeulis“ daxurva SerCa da a.S. am droisTvis
dakavebulia „marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris“ da
„saxalxo marTlmadidebluri moZraobis“ ramdenime aqtivisti.
xelmZRvanelebi gareT arian.
Sua saukuneebis inglisSi samefo karze hyavdaT paJebi,
romlebic saerTod arafers akeTebdnen. Tumca, did
rols TamaSobdnen momavali monarqis aRzrdaSi. erTi
sityviT, eseni iyvnen patara biWebi, romelTac takunebs
wkepliT usisxlianebdnen, roca taxtis memkvidre cudad
iqceoda.
imis Tqma minda, rom Cven isev „paJebs“ xom ar vcemT,
„memkvidris“ nacvlad? cxadia, moZalade aqtivistebis
dakaveba samarTlebrivad adekvaturi iyo, magram maTi
wveruxvi Tu „jerT uwveruli“ bosebi (isakaZe-gulaSvi-
cxeli Sokoladi 27
komentari
li) pasuxisgebas Tu ara, dakiTxvaze gamoZaxebas mainc ar
„imsaxurebdnen“? es is kiTxvaa, romelic gaCnda sazogadoebis
mcire wreSi da ar gaCenila Cemi avtobuseli Tanamgzavrebis
tvinSi, romelTac SesaSuri gulmodginebiT
ganevrcoT „saidumlo sirobis“ Tema da axla ukve masonebze
gadasuliyvnen. es ki is Temaa, romliTac qarTuli
morali sakuTar monoliTurobas testavs, aq yvela er-
Tiania. marTalia, mTlad kargad araa cnobili, vin arian
masonebi, magram es, cxadia, umniSvneloa.
moralis qarxana gauCereblad muSaobs, permanentulad
gvawvdis ukanaskneli modelis tabuebs, sruliad axals,
sruliad eWvmiutanels da, Sesabamisad, sruliad gaugebars.
rac mTavaria, Tineijerebis (marTalia, mcire, magram
mainc) nawilic CaTreul iqna am absurdSi da mTeli
es „samomxmareblo pedofilia“ religiur swavlebad moi-
cnobili qarTuli tolerantobis Sesaxeb
CemSic jer kidev SemorCenili miTi
nel-nela orTqldeba. bolo drois
bataliebis samoyvarulo analizic
sakmarisia imis saTqmelad, rom CvenTvis
muStis ena socialuri interaqciis
yvelaze mSobliuri variantia. dialogi
ra, veluri dasavlelebi xom ar varT?
naTla. totaluri SiSis kultivirebiT Seiqmna morCili
da Tavisdamqnevi mrevlis saxe, romelsac ar uCndeba ki-
Txvebi... imitom, rom am kiTxvebze pasuxebi ukve ganusazRvres
„mamaoebma“.
me ar minda, visaubro religiaze, rogorc koleqtiur
nevrozze ara imitom, rom es ase araa, ubralod, aq religiis
saxiT mogvevlina sruliad sxva movlena. ai ise-
Ti, saxelis darqmevac rom Wirs da zogadi aRwerilobiT
cdilob, ZiriTadi arsi gamokveTo, rogorc gamocdaze
gasulma abiturientma. religia ki is ukanaskneli niRabi
aRmoCnda, romlis Camoxsnis mere SiSveli terorizmi davinaxeT
Tavisi specifikuri simbolikebiTa da damTrgunveli
paTetikiT. miuxedavad amisa, erTbaSad SeuZlebelic
kia, es eqstremistuli jgufebi rame konkretul subkulturas
miakuTvno.
cnobilia, rom TviT alkoholur halucinaciebSic
vlindeba socialur-kulturuli faqtori. mag: qristian
alkoholikebs eSmaki elandebaT, budistebs drakoni, muslimebs
jini da a.S.
ra elandebaT mmk-s da smm-s brigadebs, roca isini
religiuri egzaltaciis qveS myofni Tav-pirs alewaven
adamianebs? vin miuZRviT win fsevdo rwmeniTi Trobisas?
ratom hgoniaT, rom WeSmaritebis prioritetebi dasaku-
Trebuli aqvT da mxolod maTi gavliT xdeba saRi azris
28 cxeli Sokoladi
wvdoma? aRarafers vambob socialur qselebSi gulaSvilis
aqtivistebis mier gavrcelebul azrebze, sadac saubaria
„qarTvelebis mier sxva erebze hegemoniaze“, „maTi
Svilebis sxvis Svilebze batonobis“ ideasa da „marTlmadidebelTa
SeiaraRebuli armiis“ Seqmnaze.
rogorc Cans, es subkultura jer kidev SemoqmedebiTi
da meTodologiuri Ziebis procesSia da saboloo sulieri
misia SesaZloa, qarTuli Mein Kampf-is daweriT gamoxatos.
avtobusi gmirTa moedanze uxvevs. vcdilob, TvalSi ar
SeveCxiro mkacr moralistebs, romlebmac ukve verbaluri
jvarcma mouwyves deisaZes, gigi TevzaZes (es kaci ra
SuaSia, kacma ar icis), gadaswvdnen „pidarast“ burWula-
Zes. cota ar iyos, vSfoTav, emand Cemi ramdenime wlis win
„miqaruli“ rom gaaxsendes vinmes, rogor ginda, dauZvre
am WyletaSi?
cnobili qarTuli tolerantobis Sesaxeb CemSic jer
kidev SemorCenili miTi nel-nela orTqldeba. bolo
drois bataliebis samoyvarulo analizic sakmarisia imis
saTqmelad, rom CvenTvis muStis ena socialuri interaqciis
yvelaze mSobliuri variantia. dialogi ra, veluri
dasavlelebi xom ar varT?
aqve vityvi, rom nebismieri kulturuli aqtivoba Zaladobrivia
da amavdroulad uvnebeli, rogorc mkvdari
mowme, rogorc uSno Sedareba (Tundac, iseTive uSno, rogorc
es Sedareba).
deisaZis wigni (iseve, rogorc nebismieri (kontr)kulturuli
faqti, procesi, artefaqti) pozitiuri Zaladoba
iyo, magram is ascda (kontr)kulturis konteqsts
(SeiZleba, Tavidanve ase iyo Cafiqrebuli avtoris an gamomcemlis
mier) da socialur produqtad iqca, Sesabamisad,
deaeracia mZime formebSi ganviTarda da avtoris
savaraudo survili, literaturuli flangidan moexdina
konkretuli mdgomareobis darefreSeba, lamis samoqalaqo
dapirispirebaSi gadaizarda.
da mainc, meore mxaris ritorika uryevia: gvaqvs 365
wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia, yvela ubanSi 90-iani
wlebis „butkebiviT“ gaxsnili taZrebi, mosaxvevebSi damontaJebuli
aTasobiT ganaTebuli jvari, erT moqalaqeze
saSualod sami mRvdeli da Svidi stiqarosani modis,
milionobiT mrevli...
mavani cimermani amaze ityoda, rom esaa „egos fxana cifrebiT“.
da patiosani kaci daeTanxmeboda cimermans.
P.S. avtobusi pekinze, restoran „nikalasTan“ sacobSi
iWedeba, mgzavrebi fuTfuTeben, Cem garSemo qalebi wyevlian
„darsavaZes“ (sinamdvileSi _ deisaZes), kacebi imuqrebian
da evfemisturad citireben televizorSi yurmokrul
frazebs „saidumlo sirobidan“. Suaxnis mamri
Temas avrcobs da deisaZesTan erTad „wmindanebis maginebel“
buRaZesac gahkravs kbils.
me Tavs vxri da CanTaSi rac SeiZleba Rrmad vCurTav
`literaturul eqspress“.
finaluri mwuxri
avtori: sandro naveriani
kvantur fizikaSi universiadis finali ro iyos, dajdebi
da uyureb. ai egeTi intriga ramea finali. im
dRes `niWieris~ finali iyo. ukve kai xnis win. hoda
vuyure. erTi monawile gansakuTrebiT momewona _
iluzionisti iyo da naRdad sakaifo Sous akeTebda.
Cemze ro yofiliyo magas gadavcemdi Tass. magram sul
sxvam moigo imitom, rom Cemze ar iyo.
sul Tavidan, proeqti `niWieri~ ro daiwyo, pirveli
aRmoCena gulnaz goleTiani gaxda. youtube-ze misi
video egreve suzan boilis videosTan dailinka. kamerebis
win Jiuris wevrebic alaparakdnen talant qalbatonze.
simRera, romelic imRera da xma, romliTac
imRera, Zalian sevdiania da viRac-viRacebs albaT Sig
gulis gulSi moxvda. gulnaz goleTianis gamosvlamde
mayurebels gvaCvenes masze momzadebuli promo,
romlis saTauric, albaT, aseTi iqneboda: `Tu rogor
Seicvala gulnaz goleTianis cxovreba mas Semdeg,
rac `niWierSi~ imRera~. misi cxovreba ki cota xniT
marTla Seicvala, is miiwvies televiziebsa da radioebSi,
atrialebdnen mis namRers da Jurnal-gazeTebma
masze statiebi dabeWdes. mis Sesaxeb `niWieris~ yvelaze
zarmac mayurebelsac ki smenoda rame. promos
verbaluri mxare aSkarad dadebiTi iyo, magram promos
yurebisas me mainc TanavugrZnobdi am adamians da
roca davfiqrdi Tu ratom, sworad maSin mivaqcie yuradReba
brutalur kadrebs da musikas, romelic fonad
gasdevda gulnaz goleTianis sinqrons.
promo daiwyo kadriT Tu rogor amuSavebs gulnaz
goleTiani ToxiT miwas da rogor recxavs sarecxs
diasaxlisisTvis autanel pirobebSi _ gareT, yinvaSi
da civ wyalSi. amis Semdeg ki gvaCvenes is radios da
televiziis studiaSi, rampebi da CiraRdnebi, JurnalgazeTebis
ydebze, aq, iq, rame da rume. prodiuserebi/
reJisorebi meubnebodnen, naxe, ra vuqeniT, sad iyo da
axla sad aris?! ra iyo da axla ra aris?! gamoviyvaneT,
tusovka, aqeT, iqiT, gavastareT, cxovreba vanaxeT.
es iyo provincializmis erT-erTi yvelaze masStaburi
gamovlena, rac ki cxovrebaSi minaxavs.
komentari
sakmaod bevri vifiqre imaze, Tu riT jobia Jurnal
`gzis~ ydaze gamoWimva, vTqvaT, mecxvareobas? an romelime,
Tbilisur tusovkaSi erTi (Tundac asi) RamiT
gareva romelime soflis koloritobas? riT jobia
is cxovreba, riTic ramdenime dRe icxovra gulnaz
goleTianma im cxovrebas, romelSic mTeli warsuli
gaatara? romelmac misca mas Svilebi, ojaxi, sakuTari
saxli, miwa da akeTebs imas, rasac unda akeTebdes.
SeiZleba, gulnaz goleTians marTlac urCevnia ise
gaetarebina mTeli cxovreba rogorc bolo ramdenime
kvira cxovrobda, SeiZleba arc urCevnia, magram es man
unda Tqvas, man unda gadausvas xazi Tu gadasasmelia
da ara iman vinc mxolod Sous akeTebs, mis warmatebaze
fiqrobs da am fiqrSi sruliad ver amCnevs an amCnevs
da ar imCnevs, rom saSinel Seuracxyofas ayenebs
adamians da mTel mis cxovrebas.
ratom, saidan aqvT mentoruli toni, sad da rodis
gadawyda, rom Tbilisi da Tbilisuri Jurnalebi gansazRvravs
kai tipobas?
Tumca, rogor grZnobebsac ar unda iwvevdes CvenSi
msgavsi kadrebi, es Sous warmatebis erTaderTi Tu
ara, erT-erTi garantia.
Cven ar mogvwons is, vinc Cvenze ukeTesia da gvjobia.
ufro konkretulad ki, Cven ar davrekavT da xmas
ar mivcemT mas, vinc ar Segvecodeba. am SouSi promos
mizanic is iyo, rom maqsimalurad Segvcodeboda gmiri;
rom Cven mas TanavugrZnoT da xma mivceT, Sous ki _
reitingi da Semosavali. albaT, amas mec vgrZnob, sxva
SemTxvevaSi me amis Sesaxeb araferi mecodineboda _ ar
var is tipi, ro Cavujde da vifiqro ratom moxda ase.
`niWieris~ finali TiTqmis erTi Tvis win iyo da aba
gaixseneT, bolos rodis da sad naxeT gulnaz gole-
Tiani? adamiani, romelsac sul cota xnis win suzan
boils adarebdnen, Sotlandiel momRerals, romelic
msofliom swored msgavsi proeqtidan gaicno. adamiani,
romelmac aTiaTasobiT diski gayida da romlis
mimarT interesi dRemde ar gamqrala mediaSi. SeiZleba
is aRar aris popularobis zenitSi, magram misiT
dRemde interesdeba ama Tu im provinciis gazeTi an
sakabelo televizia. masTan urTierToba dRemde aqvT
xmis Camwer studiebs da aTasgvar proeqtSi monawileobas
sTavazoben. suzan boili, mas Semdeg, rac popularuli
gaxda, gadaiRes ramdenime sareklamo rgolSi,
moxvda ramdenime dokumenturi filmSi... da sad aris
gulnaz goleTiani? ra Tqma unda, cota gulubryvilo
Sedarebaa, radgan saqarTvelos gabaritebi ver Seedreba
britaneTisas, saidanac yvela saxis produqti
kidev ufro didi gabaritebis mqone amerikaSi xvdeba,
sworad masStabebze maqvs saubari _ qarTuli maStabebiTac
ki gulnaz goleTianis namdvili cxovreba dRes
aravis ar ainteresebs. yvelaze did ignorirebas ki is
televizia iCens, romelmac ase lamazad gagvacno es
adamiani.
cxeli Sokoladi 29
istoria
erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis
anu moskovuri xelovneba, romelic ar iyideba
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: guram wibaxaSvili
30 cxeli Sokoladi
istoria
cxeli Sokoladi 31
istoria
_ ra Rirs es ZaRli?
_ erTi maneTi, magram ar iyideba.
moskovi-Tbilisis matareblis
derefani. 1990 wlis zafxuli.
es umniSvnelo dialogi uzustesi
gansazRvrebaa Cveni dRevandeli
istoriis erT-erTi gmiris, moskoveli
artistis, petliuras da misi
xelovnebis xasiaTis gasagebad. misi
xelovnebac 1 maneTi Rirs, magram
ver iyidi.
misi namdvili saxeli da gvari
aleqsandr liaSenkoa. 80-iani wlebis
bolos petliuram mitovebuli
samsarTuliani saxli ipova moskovis
centrSi, petrovski bulvarze.
iq erT-erTi pirveli da yvelaze
xmauriani art-komuna gaixsna. mxatvrebiT
dasaxlebul aseT Senobebs,
romlebic msoflios bevr did
qalaqSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes, skvots
eZaxian da is andergraundis artistebisa
Tu musikosebis myudro
32 cxeli Sokoladi
saxelosnoebia xolme. artistuli
TavSeyris msgavsi gaxmaurebuli
adgilebi arsebobda leningradsa
Tu berlinSi, anda uiliamsburgSi,
niu-iorkSi, magram petliuras SemTxvevaSi
es namdvili art-komuna
iyo, endi uorholis fabrikis msgavsi,
mudmivi performansis da
dResaswaulis adgili, sadac xelovneba,
dasveneba, koncerti, kino,
instalacia, poezia, guliTadi saubari,
modis Cveneba, iafi sadili
Tu baRSi gaseirneba erTi mTliani
procesis sxvadasxva fragmentad
Canda.
am uzarmazar saxlSi inaxavda
petliura Tavis koleqcias _ miviwyebul
sabWoTa sayofacxovrebo
atributikasa da artefaqtebs
_ 20-30-iani wlebis qalis garderobs,
qudebs da fexsacmels, sxva
epoqalur efemeras, rogoricaa
beladTa da kolmeurneTa kitCuri
biustebi, sigelebi, vimpelebi
da sxva socialisturi suvenirebi,
saavadmyofoebis gadayrili qirurgiuli
instrumentebi da sinjarebi,
romelTac ucnob adamianTa
tragikuli biografia damCneoda.
aq TiTqmis yoveldRe gadasaRebad
modiodnen ucxoeli Jurnalistebi
da fotografebi, saRamoobiT
Tavs iyridnen moskoveli artistebi,
poetebi, xelovnebaTmcodneebi,
modelebi da subkulturis
bevri inkognito warmomadgeneli,
visac es yvelaferi uyvarda, magram
avanscenaze gamosvlis ambicia ar
amoZravdebda. male petliuras saxlSi
Tavisufali akademia daarsda
_ ase daarqves ideebis warmoSobis
ukve saxelganTqmul keras moskovSi.
iq aCvenebdnen sakuTar kinonamuSevrebs,
awyobdnen poetur da
modis performansebs, dadiodnen
sagastrolod ruseTis sxvadasxva
qalaqSi, mihqondaT moskovis dinamikuri
energia, xolo iqidan axali
artefaqtebis koleqciiT brundebodnen.
1990 wlis zafxulSi petliuras-
Tan erTad moskovi-Tbilisis matarebliT
vimgzavre. mesame mgzavric
gvaxlda, saxelad petlika, germanuli
nagazis jer kidev axalgazrda
da xalisiani lekvi. CvenTan
erTad TbilisSi sagastrolod sxva
moskoveli araformali artistebic
gamoemgzavrnen _ saSa lugini,
katia riJikova, lena da maqsi, magram
am jgufma marSruti Secvala
da baqos gavliT wamovida. ar vici,
ratom gaviyaviT orad kurskis sadgurze,
moskovSi. mgoni, maT baqos
naxvac ainteresebdaT, xolo petliuras
dasveneba da sakuTari
artistuli ideaze safiqrelad er-
Civna ganmartoeba.
gamoviareT ruseTis gaSlili
dablobebi da rodesac mTebi gamoCnda
da matarebeli ukve saqar-
TveloSi Semovida, mivxvdiT, rom
ukve sxva sixSiris velSi vimyofebiT
_ ara mxolod muzeumiviT ganlagebul
istoriul Zeglebs Soris,
sadac tradiciebi lamis suraTebiviT
hkidia garSemo, aramed sadRac
sxvagan, sadac kultura jer kidev
ar gulisxmobs usasyidlo da uangaro
Tavisuflebas. albaT amitomac,
gorTan axlos viRac kaci uxe-
Sad SeekiTxa petliuras, _ ra Rirs
es ZaRlio, _ TiTqos es raRac sagani
yofiliyo, bazrobaze gasayidad
gamotanili. petliuramac mokled
da sruliad uceremoniod upasuxa,
_ erTi maneTi, magram ar iyideba.
me minda, rom qarTvel artist-
Tan erTad gavakeTo performansi
TbilisSi. magram ra gavakeToT? _
mekiTxeba matarebelSi petliura.
is ambobs, rom jaSuSebis Tema Sei-
Zleba airCion. niko cecxlaZesTan
fiqrobs performansis gakeTebas,
an mamuka jafariZesTan. bolos
isev niko cecxlaZeze Cerdeba. me
istoria
vTavazob Zexvis dasakuTrebisTvis
Cxubs _ martivia da pirdapiri.
vici, rom mxolod es sakmarisi ar
aris, magram ar mindoda amaze meti
meTqva _ aq isaa avtori, me ki, principSi,
misgan vswavlob. petliuras
Tavisufal akademiaSi marTlac
vswavlobdi. vswavlobdi am uzarmazar,
arcTu ioli energetikis
artefaqtebiT mofenil SenobaSi
Tundac marto darCenas, dReebis
ganmavlobaSi. rodesac mTeli jgufi
ruseTis romelime qalaqSi iyo
gastrolebze, me ki erT-erT oTaxSi
dasaxlebuli moskovuri yvavis
movla da misTvis sadilis mitana
mevaleboda.
daaxloebiT 1990 wlidan gaCnda
petliuras cxovrebaSi bronislava
anatolievna dubneri, mokled
ki pani bronia _ moxuci, umweo
moskoveli qalbatoni sakuTar
aseTive meuRlesTan erTad. isini
axal moskovSi ukve aRaravis sWir-
cxeli Sokoladi 33
istoria
deboda. petliuram ara mxolod
maTi meurveoba iTava, aramed pani
bronia Cvenebebsa da gadaRebebzec
Tavis mTavar modelad da aqtrisad
aqcia. gastrolebzec erTad
midiodnen evropis sxvadasxva qalaqSi.
pani broniam sruliad axali,
artistuli cxovreba daiwyo maSin,
rodesac amas ukve namdvilad aRar
elodeboda. dRes ki pani bronias
naxatebi msoflios sxvadasxva muzeumSi
inaxeba. eqstravaganturobiT
is, rogorc amboben, salvador
dalis, nina hagensa da boi jorjs
ar Camouvardeba. 1998 wels bronias
londonSi alternatiuli mis
msoflios tituli mianiWes.
TbilisSi pani bronia ar Camosula,
albaT TbilisisTvis es Zalian
adre iyo. 1990 wels, petliuras
pirveli qarTuli gastrolis dros,
rodesac yvelani nanatri kapitalizmis
Semosvlas velodebodiT,
TbilisisTvis jer adre iyo mosko-
34 cxeli Sokoladi
vuri araformaluri xelovnebis mi-
Reba, romelic, petliuras ZaRlis
msgavsad, sulac ar iyo gamiznuli
saswrafo gayidvisa da finansuri
prestiJisaTvis. petliuras tansacmlis
Teatri arasdros yofila
komerciaze gaTvlili. erTgan is
ambobs, _ CemTan iyo ramdenime adamiani,
isini albaT kargi artistebi
gaxdebodnen, magram samwuxarod,
mere modeliorebad gadaiqcnen da
rogorc artistebi damTavrdneno.
TbilisSi yofnis drosac petliuram
intervius dros upasuxa, _ me
viReb nagavs da misgan yvavilebs
vakeTeb. misi unikaluri koleqciis
didi nawili moskovis baraxlovkazea
nayidi, maT Soris im xanad
yvelaze cnobil tiSinski rinokze.
bevric albaT nagavSia napovni.
paradoqsia, magram swored es
arakomerciuli xelovneba gaxda
yvelaze konvertirebadi msoflio
bazarze. araformaluri xelovne-
ba _ am niSniT iyo da dResac aris
moskovSi gaazrebuli is xelovneba,
romelsac avangardis tradiciasTan
aigivebdnen da romelic Tavs uyrida
konceptualistur safuZvelze warmoqmnil
yvela im mimarTulebas, rac
moskovis xelovnebis savaWro niSans
qmnida, maT Soris: rusuli konceptualizmi,
soc-arti, koleqtivnie
deistvia, medgermenevtika da sxv.
araformaluri ki arakomerciulsac
gulisxmobs da amiT moskovis e.w. antisabWoTa
artistebi da dasavleTis
neomarqsistebi (partia ar egonos
mkiTxvels, Jan luk godars da sxva
Tanamedrove artistebs aerTianebs)
saerTo baziss poulobdnen.
vidre TbilisSi wamovidodiT,
moskovidan gia buRaZes davureke.
maSin mxatvarTa kavSiris erT-er-
Ti xelmZRvaneli iyo da vTxove,
nebarTva moepovebina qarvaslaSi
moskoveli mxatvrebis gamofenis-
Tvis. TbilisSi CamovediT Tu ara,
moskovelebs maSinve qalaqSi xetiali
moundaT _ yovelgvari Zilisa
da dasvenebis winaaRmdegni
iyvnen. maincdamainc arc qarTul
samzareuloze gaumaxvilebia vinmes
yuradReba, radgan es ar dammaxsovrebia.
maTTvis ufro axali
artefaqtebi iyo mimzidveli da
mniSvnelovani. ar vici, ramdenad
aRmoaCines aseTi ram, Tu ar CavTvliT
erT iseT banalur artefaqts,
rogoricaa WaWiT savse 3-litriani
boca, romelic petliuras
romeliRac aivanze daunaxavs,
amZvrala da pirdapir gamofenis
gaxsnis win moitana instalacia-
Si gamosayeneblad. meore albaT
is iyo, rom erTxel RamiT gmirTa
moedanze mogvixda manqaniT gavla.
ukve dacarielebul quCaSi marto
erTi wyvili Canda varazisxevis
kuTxeSi da vxedavT, rom Cxuboben
_ kaci qals muSts uRerebs
dasartymelad an emuqreba. etyoba,
CvenTvis aseTi scenebi an Zalian
banaluri da yoveldRiuri iyo, an,
tradiciuli qveynisTvis damaxasia-
Tebeli dauwereli kanonebis gamo,
wyvilis saqmeebSi Carevas imTavi-
Tve gamovricxavdiT. petliuras ki
swored es ar gamorCa, jer manqanis
gaCereba moiTxova da roca taqsis
mZRolma ar urCia da yuri arc ki
ugdo, maSin fanjara Camowia da
TbilisisTvis sruliad ucxo, rusuli
Tu ukrainuli, anarqistuli,
mTeli xmiT dauyvira, _ Sen, ei, ar
gabedo qalis Seuracxyofao. mesame
Tbilisuri artefaqtic, rasac petliurasTan
erTad wavawydiT, miuxedavad
misi arakanonierebisa da
araadamianurobisa, mainc aseve banaluri
iyo CvenTvis _ rusTavelis
prospeqtze troleibuss gavyeviT
da centraluri fostis Senobas
rom gavuswordiT, petliuram gineba
daiwyo da saxeze xeli aifara.
ver mivxvdi, ra ayvirebda, danaxva
istoria
ver movaswari. troleibusi swrafad
gascda im adgils, petliuram
miTxra, rom dainaxa, Tu rogor Caartya
viRacam meore adamians dana
pirdapir TavSi da gaiqca.
aseT dros Camoitanes moskovelebma
namdvili rusuli avangardi
TbilisSi, pirvelad, maiakovskisdroindeli
20-iani wlebis mere.
meore jgufi, romelic maSin
CvenTan erTad TbilisSi Camovida
da romelic aseve petliuras art_
komunis nawils Seadgenda, jgufi
`sever~ iyo (aleqsandr lugini da
katia riJikova). Tbilisur gastrolebze
komunidan ramdenime sxva artistic
wamovida. kidev ufro mets
undoda wamosvla, magram yvelafers
petliura wyvetda. man Tqva,
rom, viRacis dasvenebisa da mogzaurobis
xarjze, lekv petlikas
saWmels ver moaklebda.
gamofena qarvaslisTvis daigegma.
80-iani wlebis miwuruls swo-
cxeli Sokoladi 35
istoria
red qarvasla iyo is adgili, sadac
Tanamedrove mxatvarTa gamofenebi
imarTeboda. aq xSirad iyo Tbilisuri
jgufis `meaTe sarTulis~ sapaviliono
gamofenebi, romlebic
Tbiliss Tanamedrove xelovnebis
saerTaSoriso standartebis gamofenebTan
aaxloebda. qarvaslas im
drosac xelovnebaTmcodne lika
mamacaSvili kuratorobda da swored
mis sagalereo saqmianobasTan
aris mniSvnelovanwilad dakavSirebuli
Tbilisis Tanamedrove sagamofeno
kulturis Seqmnis istoria.
petliuras importis realuri mimRebi
TbilisSi swored `meaTe sar-
Tuli~ da misi garemocva iyo _ jgufi,
romelic 5 mxatvars aerTianebda:
mamuka cecxlaZes, niko cecxlaZes,
mamuka jafariZes, oleg timCenkos,
koka ramiSvils; da am jgufTan imxanad
dakavSirebuli iyvnen sxvadasxva
xelovanebi _ niko lomaSvili, guram
wibaxaSvili, karlo kaWarava, gia ri-
36 cxeli Sokoladi
gvava, lia SveliZe, maia cecxlaZe,
gia loria da sxvebi.
qalaqSi petliuras udardeli xetialisgan
gansxvavebiT, romelmac
performansisTvis mxolod muyaos
yuTebi moiTxova, raTa darbazSi
kedeli aeSenebina, rogorc sazRvari,
romelsac mere petliura da
niko cecxlaZe ZexvisaTvis Cxubis
dros daangrevdnen, jgufi `severi~
_ saSa lugini da katia riJikova
_ calke, ganmartoebiT amzadebda
sakuTar performanss, romlisTvisac
meti dekoracia sWirdebodaT.
rodesac moskovSi pirveli reiv
klubi `ptiuCi~ gaixsna, romelic
sakuTar gaxmaurebul priala Jurnalsac
gamoscemda, saxelwodebiT
`om~, da sadac dacvaSi mxolod
Savkanianebi hyavdaT, xolo mineraluri
wyali aucileblad `eviani~
unda yofiliyo, saSa lugini iq
wamyvani artisti da dizaineri iyo.
isini qmnian musikalur da aqcio-
nistur performanss, rac slavuri
arqetipebisa da Samanuri, magiuri
performansis paralelurad, Rrmad
daukavSirda transis, fsiqodeliisa
da saklubo subkulturas. es
Samanur qmedebasa da Tanamedrove
dizains Soris arsebuli xelovneba
iyo, romelsac, rogorc Tanda-
Tan gamoCnda, raRac komerciuli
potenciac hqonda. `severis~ performansebSi
is ritualuri sawyisi
ikiTxeboda, ramac bunebrivad Sei-
Zleba daainteresos Tanamedrove
rusi avangardisti, Tu is ar egueba
dRevandel sterilur, komfortabelur
da ambivalentur sistemas
da gamosavals isev wminda modernistul
formebSi da Tundac Soreuli
aRmosavleTis misterialur
arqetipebSi eZebs.
`severi~ qarvaslaSic aqcionistur
transs qmnida. saSa luginisa da katia
riJikovas performansis `Sinaarsidan~
gamomdinare, gadawyda, rom
kari unda Caketiliyo da mnaxveli
darbazSi ar SemoeSvaT. mayurebeli
moqmedebis msvlelobas Sesasvlel
karTan damontaJebuli ori televizoris
saSualebiT adevnebda Tvals.
SigniT ki, darbazis erT mxares, patara
scenaze dramze ukravdnen.
Tavidan `severis~ wevrebi specialurad
momzadebul, fantastikur kostiumebSi
gamowyobilebi gamovidnen,
kostiumebi simetriulad iyo moxatuli
arqauli da gamogonili rusuli
ornamentebiT. male gogonebma
tansacmeli gaixades. katias da lenas
saRebaviT savse konteineri edgaT
win da xan erTmaneTs xatavdnen,
xan ki sxeulebiT raRac Samanur ornamentebs
qmnidnen. moxatvis saSiSroeba
emuqreboda yvelas, vinc maT
miuaxlovdeboda.
kars miRma, darbazSi monawileebs
`meaTe sarTulis~ Tbiliseli mxatvrebic
SeuerTdnen, salamurebiTa
da sxva musikaluri instrumente-
biT `aRWurvilebi~. mxatvrebma aseve
eqspoziciac Seqmnes, sadac niko
lomaSvilis, mamuka jafariZis, Salva
xaxanaSvilis, poet badri guguSvilis
namuSevrebi da instalaciebi
iyo gamofenili. iqve iyo diqtoric,
romlis rolsac gela patiaSvili
asrulebda. diqtori gareT
performansis msvlelobis Sesaxeb
mayurebels informacias awvdida da
mcire komentarebsac akeTebda.
gamofenis gaxsnidan zustad erT
saaTSi centraluri komitetidan
miTiTeba movida _ saswrafod daexuraT
gamofena. male qarvaslas-
Tan manqanebic gaCerda. gamofenis
saswrafo daSla da performansis
SeCereba mogvTxoves. ase rom, Tbilisel
mayurebels sul raRac 1 saa-
TiT hqonda saSualeba, enaxa, Tu ras
akeTebs avangardistuli moskovi
perestroikis pikSi, rodesac gorbaCovi
imave platformebis dabrunebas
cdilobs, rogoric 20-iani
istoria
wlebis periodSi iyo _ im periodSi,
rodesac saerTod avangardistuli
xelovneba daibada. maSinac, ssrk-s
gariJraJze saqarTvelos futuristebi
da avangardisti poetebi stumrobdnen.
axlac, rodesac sabWoTa
kavSiris daisis Tu misi sawyisebisken
mibrunebis periodi dadga,
petliurac swored didi rusi avangardisti
poetis, velimir xlebnikovis
leqsiT damSvenebuli maisuriT
Camovida TbilisSi.
faqtobrivad, es iyo pirveli media
performansi TbilisSi, romlis
obieqtis translacia iqve xdeboda,
imave drosa da adgilas. es gadawyvetileba
marto konceptualuri
kaprizis Sedegi ar iyo, ubralod
maSindel TbilisSi _ tradiciuli
qveynis, ase Tu ise, progresulad
ganwyobil dedaqalaqSi amgvarad gadawyda
monawileebis usafrTxoeba.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 88
cxeli Sokoladi 37
istoria
diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi
avtori: qeTi qanTaria
poloneTTan dakavSirebuli Cemi
pirveli vizualuri STabeWdileba
kaTolicizms ukavSirdeba. Tormeti
wlis viyavi, mxatvar eJi duda
graCis gamofenaze rom movxvdi.
maxsovs Cemze maRali adamianebis
duduni Tavs zemoT. es ambavi
38 cxeli Sokoladi
poloneli reJisori anJei vaida
poloneli marSali jozef pilsudski
moskovSi xdeboda, da ZiriTadad
komentarebic im siamtkbilobis
kvalobaze keTdeboda, romelic
tradiciulad am or qveyanas akav-
Sirebs. maSin gavbrazdi, da poloneTTan
Cemi pirveli solidarobis
momentic es iyo. im asakSi, roca
lex kaCinski da nikola sarkozi, varSava, 2008
reJisori anJei Julavski
aviakatastrofaSi daRupulTa Camosveneba varSavaSi, 11 aprili 2010
bavSvebis umetesobam geografiac
ki ar icis wesierad, mec da zogierT
Cems amxanagsac poloneTisadmi
ukve Camoyalibebuli damokidebuleba
gvqonda. `solidarnosC~,
amerikis xma, Jurnali `amerika~
dastebad, romliTac rusuli wera
kiTxva viswavle. aRfrTovanebuli
`xedav, ras Svebian polonelebi?!~
_ erTi sityviT, aseTi iyo paketi,
romliTac Tavisufleba, ase-
Ti dauzustebeli definiciiT, SemoiWra
Cvens cxovrebaSi, romelic
CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovan rames
gveubneboda da gvaRelvebda.
eJi duda graCis namuSevrebi im
gamofenaze bolojer vnaxe. Cemi
azriT, gansakuTrebulad gamor-
Ceuli mxatvari ar iyo. is CenstoxovoSi,
kaTolikuri msvlelobebis,
wirvebis da galobis atmosferoSi
gaizarda. mis naxatebSi eklesiuri
gadareva, rogorc maxsovs, gaSar-
Jebuli iyo.
im dReebSi aRmovaCine, rom graCs
religiuri Sinaarsis namuSevrebic
hqonia da poloneTSi erT-erTi
eklesiac aqvs moxatuli. mxatvris
bavSvobis STabeWdilebebidan gamomdinare,
misi religiurobac
da satirac gasagebi momeCvena.
samocdaaTiani wlebis Semdeg ka-
Tolicizmisadmi polonelebs gansakuTrebiT
intimuri damokidebuleba
gauCndaT. amis mizezi, ra Tqma
unda, karol iuzef voitila gaxda,
papi ioane-pavle II, TiTqmis yoveli
polonelis siamaye, romlis avtoritetma,
`solidarnosCis~ legendasTan
erTad, poloneTi, garkveuli
azriT, unikalur qveynad aqcia.
pani erJbeta
da danarCeni adamianebi
1996 wels Cemi patara bina gavyide
da ase Tu ise simpaTiuri Tanxa
poloneTSi samogzaurod gadavinaxe.
mindoda, sakuTari TvaliT
menaxa da xeliT momesinja is, rac
10-11 wlis asakidan gulSi CamrCa.
ase davsaxldi varSavis erT orsar-
Tulian saxlSi, 82 wlis pani erJbetasTan,
moulodnel tipaJTan,
romelmac pirvelive dRes miambo,
rogor daikarga amas winaT disnei
lendSi. vifiqre, gagviWirdeboda
Cven-Cveni gansxvavebuli realobebidan
urTierToba, magram mas
sul ramdenime dRe dasWirda imis
dasamtkiceblad, rom Cven ors So-
ris realobis gancda dakarguli
me mqonda. pani erJbeta germanisti
iyo da omis dros okupantebis Tarjimnad
muSaobda. germanelebi namdvili
jentlmenebi iyvnen da omis
wlebSi Tavs SesaniSnavad vgrZnobdi,
Citis rZe ar makldao, _ ambobda.
kvaSnevskis mTavrobam, rogorc
am periodSi gansakuTrebiT saSiS
samuSaoze (okupantebTan!) momuSave
pirs, seriozuli pensia dauniSna.
`rogorc xedavT, _ miTxra isev eSmakurad,
_ yvela kargad gavacure~.
gamomicxada, _ imedi maqvs, saxlSi
rusebs ar SemoaparebTo. pani er-
Jbeta darwmunebuli iyo, rom yvela
qarTveli raRaciT mainc rusia,
yovel SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme misi
binis usafrTxoebas exeboda, maTi
rusobis bolomde gamoricxva (sifrTxilis
TvalsazrisiT) ar Sei-
Zleboda. rusebis Semoparebis varianti
advilad gamovricxe, ramac
pani erJbeta mTlianad gaabedniera
da im dRidan ise Semiyvara, rogorc
Sinauri cxoveli, romelsac
Sin quCaSi napovni WuWyiani moZmeebis
moyvana SeuZlia, magram amas
ucnaurad gamoCenili adamianuri
Segnebis gamo ar akeTebs. ras niSnavs
qarTveli, erJbetam pirvelad,
82 wlis asakSi gaigo. axalgacnobil
fenomens polonuri gamoTqma
moargo _ `Sarvals vyidi, fraks vitoveb~;
Zveli eWvebisTvisac ki, momibodiSa:
mkacri bavSvoba mqonda,
muSis ojaxSi gavizarde da realobisTvis
axalgazrdobidan Tvali
maqvs gasworebulio, `Tqven kidev
wignebma dagRupaT, wignebma!~ _ momaZaxa
iseve mkacrad, rogorc sCveoda.
mag codvas ver davibralebmeTqi,
_ gamovtydi. pani erJbetam
xelebi gaSala, _ `ki magram, aba am
poloneTSi ra dakargeT!~
me arc is ramdenimeTviani poloneTi
minania da arc pani erJbetas
mkacri realobis gacnoba, miuxedavad
imisa, rom is dRemde ver
SevuTavse im sinamdviles, romelic
misi saxlis gareT arsebobda:
adamianebs, romlebic stabiluri
da met-naklebad SeZlebuli cxo-
istoria
vrebis SesaZleblobas ijerebdnen,
ucxos mimarT yovel nabijze
cnobismoyvareobas da gulgaxsnilobas
amJRavnebdnen; taqsistebs,
romlebic fuls marto imitom
ar marTmevdnen, rom sayvelpuro
polonuri vicodi; gamyidvlebs,
romlebic mamSvidebdnen, rom poloneTSi
cimbiriviT ar acivdeba;
saSobao sixaruls; Zveli varSavis
yvelaze lamaz quCas, sadac quCis
kafeebSi msxdomi xalxi fexze wamomdgari
ukravda Cems qarTvel
nacnobs taSs, imis gamo, rom saku-
Tar jvrisweraze CoxaSi gamowyobili
midioda.
polonuri `promeTeizmi~
saqarTvelosadmi, saerTod kavkasiisadmi
unikaluri solidarobis
da gulwrfeli simpaTiis istoria
mecxramete saukunis ori didi _
1830-31 da 1863-64 wlebis _ ajanyebidan
iwyeba. ra Tqma unda, is, rac
xSirad paralelurad saqarTvelo-
Si xdeboda, polonuri meamboxeobis
mxolod susti anarekli iyo, iseve
rogorc Tan moyolili sasjeli da
sazRauri. ocian wlebamde saqar-
TveloSi polonuri armiis nawilebi
idga. maTi Sin gawvevis Semdeg
polonur mxares saqarTvelos didi
vali darCa, romelic damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos mxridan aseTive
didi xelgaSlilobiT epatia, sityvebiT
`qarTuli miwisTvis didi
pativi iyo iseTi brwyinvale eris
Svilebis maspinZloba, rogoric
polonelebi arian~. 1921 wlis Semdeg
poloneTi msoflios erTader-
Ti qveyana iyo, romelic qarTul
emigracias sakuTar miwaze ara mxolod
TavSesafars aZlevda, aramed
xelisSemwyob pirobebsac uqmnida.
polonurma armiam samxedro pirebs
araTu Cinebi SeunarCuna, aramed
xelsayreli kontraqtebic daudo.
qarTuli emigracia yvelaze Rirseulad
swored poloneTSi gamoiyureboda.
gamicvnia iseTi adamianebi,
visac es xalxi axsovda, vis
mSoblebTanac isini megobrobdnen
da ojaxebSi stumrobdnen. swored
cxeli Sokoladi 39
istoria
ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi paradoqsuli situaciaa Seqmnili. poloneTi, slavuri qveynebidan
yvelaze evropuli, aRmosavleTis yofili blokidan yvelaze prodasavluri saxelmwifoa,
romelsac 2004 wels ocneba ausrulda da evropis sabWos wevri gaxda. Tumca, axla Tavad qmnis
dabrkolebebs evropis gzaze da Tavs TviTizolaciaSi iqcevs.
maTi gamorCeulobis gamo, aTwleulebis
ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo
poloneTidan iseTi Canda, rogorebic
gvindoda vyofiliyaviT, magram
ar viyaviT. prezidenti lex
kaCinskic im polonelebis ricxvs
ekuTvnoda.
11 noembers, damoukideblobis
dRes pilsudskis moedanze gaviare.
mainteresebda, ra moxdeboda
am dRes. aRlumi da baTqa-buTqi ar
yofila, saRamosken ki cxovrebaSi
pirvelad da ukanasknelad vnaxe
brZolis veli: rogor uaxlovdebian
erTmaneTs mowinaaRmdegeebis
naxevarkilometriani mwkrivebi,
rogor Caxedaven erTmaneTs TvalebSi.
mere es ori zoli, erT-ormetriani
distanciis SenarCunebiT,
saaTis isariviT datrialda. Tumca,
maT Soris manZili ar Semcirebula.
pirvelebma raRac gaugebris
ZaxiliT _ `normalurebma~ _ `erTi
rasa, kacTa modgmas~ _ ase itriales
da male daiSalnen, ise, rom
erTmaneTs arc ki Sexebian. im dRes
verc erTma nacnobma ver amixsna,
ra vnaxe. magram erTi STabeWdileba
ki maxsovs: vfiqrobdi, rom rac
unda mavne da suleluri tendencia
iyos, am qveyanaSi, etyoba, pasuxis
gamcemi adekvaturi Zala yovel-
Tvis moinaxeba-meTqi. igives Tqma
maT aRmosavlel mezoblebze Zneli
iqneba, polonelebi ki sazogadoebrivad
mgrZnobiare xalxia. amas
albaT amboxebebisadmi tradiciuli
midrekileba da solidarobis
niWic ganapirobebs. imave wels,
poloneTSi yofnisas vnaxe, ra kargad
icodnen am qveyanaSi CeCneTis
movlenebi, rogori TavdadebiT
gulSematkivrobdnen da ainteresebdaT
yvelaferi, rac SeiZleboda
mcodnoda, magram me maSin araferi
vicodi da, garkveul mizezTa gamo,
40 cxeli Sokoladi
romlebic maSin aqtualuri gveCveneboda,
arc mainteresebda. amis-
Tvis bevr polonels araerTxel
Sevurcxvenivar. poloneTi iyo
qveyana, romelic sakmao enTuziazmiT
iRebda CeCen ltolvilebs da
TavSesafars aZlevda. lex kaCinskim
varSavis merobisas qalaqis erTerT
moedans joxar dudaevis saxeli
mianiWa. Znelia zustad Tqma,
rodis moxda gardatexa, magram
dRes am qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT
patara qalaqebSi, CeCen ltolvilebs
didi problemebi eqmnebaT.
ltolvilebi amas maTi kaTolicizmis
momZlavrebis fonze islamisadmi
agresiiT xsnian. samagierod,
saqarTvelos qristianuli istoria
aRfrTovanebas iwvevs. Cemi iq yofnis
dros ki CeCnebi bevri polonelisTvis
nomeri pirveli eri iyo.
ra Tqma unda, es antirusuli Jestic
iyo, magram ara mxolod es _
`daumorCilebelTa geneologiis~
mqone kidev erTma xalxma bunebrivad
daipyro polonelebis gulebi.
ise, im wlebSic ki, axalgazrda adamianebis
did nawils ruseTisadmi
sruliad neitraluri damokidebuleba
hqonda. ruseTi ubralod ar
ainteresebdaT. es gulgriloba,
araafeqturi damokidebuleba, rogorc
Cans, ukve poloneTis saboloo
gamarjvebis niSani iyo.
eklesia, `kanoni
da samarTlianoba~
2005 wels, poloneTis saparlamento
arCevnebamde erTi TviT
adre romis papma benediqte XVI-m
wminda petres moedanze tradiciuli
saerTo locvis dros Tqva, rom
am arCevnebis saTanadod dasrulebisTvis
loculobs. gancxadeba
sensaciurad, metic, did Secdomad
iqna miCneuli: romis paps arc
erTi qveynis politikiT metismeti
daintereseba ar Seefereba. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac germania prezidents
irCevda, warmoSobiT germanel
paps es movlena xsenebis Rirsad
ar CauTvlia.
poloneTSi kaTolikuri eklesia
istoriis yvela etapze umniSvnelovanes
rols asrulebda, dRes ki
poloneTi evropis yvelaze kaTolikuri
qveyanaa, romis papis mTavari
dasayrdeni dasavleTSi. ukve Tormeti
welia, poloneTma aRadgina
1925 wels vatikansa da poloneTis
meore respublikas Soris dadebuli
konkordati, romliTac eklesias
_ sazogadoebriv sferoSi Carevis
ufleba, Tavad ki praqtikulad SeuzRudavi
Zalaufleba mieca.
paps kaTolike episkoposebmac
mihbaZes da kaTolike amomrCevels
rCeviT mimarTes: sasurveli partia
Riad ar dausaxelebiaT, magram im
Zalis arCeva mouwodes, romelic
`ojaxis da qorwinebis siwmindes~
daicavs, evTanaziisa da abortis
winaaRmdeg gailaSqrebs. saarCevno
programaSi aseTi dapireba or partias
hqonda: nakleb perspeqtiul
`polonuri ojaxebis ligas~ da `kanons
da samarTlianobas~, lex da
iaroslav kaCinskebis partias.
ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi paradoqsuli
situaciaa Seqmnili.
poloneTi, slavuri qveynebidan
yvelaze evropuli, aRmosavleTis
yofili blokidan yvelaze prodasavluri
saxelmwifoa, romelsac
2004 wels ocneba ausrulda da
evropis sabWos wevri gaxda. Tumca,
axla Tavad qmnis dabrkolebebs
evropis gzaze da Tavs TviTizolaciaSi
iqcevs.
2005 wels krakovis mTavar moedanze
Zalian saintereso mitingi
gaimarTa. ramdenime aseuli adamia
ni poloneTis mefed ieso qristes
aRiarebas moiTxovda. es albaT am
qveyanaSi religiuri rwmenis yvelaze
briyvuli gamovlineba iyo.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, aSkaraa, rom
poloneli amomrCevlis did nawils
sulac ar sWirdeba karnaxi, vis
misces xma arCevnebSi, rodesac arsebobs
partia, romelic mas kaTolikuri
Rirebulebebis saxelmwifo
doneze dacvas hpirdeba. 2005 wlis
dekemberSi kidev gasakviri iyo, rom
partiis `kanoni da samarTlianoba~
liders, dRes tragikulad daRu-
anJei vaida gadasaReb moedanze, poloneTi 1989
pul lex kaCinskis, xmaTa mxolod
54% daugrovda, mis mTavar konkurents,
liberal tusks ki _ 45%.
bolo Tvis ganmavlobaSi poloneTSi
gaCnda imis precedentebi, rom
erT-erT saprezidento kandidats,
tragikulad daRupuli prezidentis
Zmas, iaroslav kaCinskis kanidadaturis
warsadgenad saWiro xmebs eklesiebSi
ugroveben. `kanonma da samar-
Tlianobam~ kaTolike amomrCevels
ukve Seusrula is, rasac winasaar-
Cveno periodSi dahpirda. eklesiis
idea iyo umetesobisTvis sayvareli,
poloneTi, gdanski, 1981
istoria
sxvebisTvis ki retrogradi prezidentis,
lex kaCinskis eris `wmidaTawmida~
adgilas _ vavelSi dakrZalvac,
poloneTis mefeebis, Sopenis da
mickeviCis gverdiT.
poloneTis kaTolikurma eklesiam
Tavis droze STaagona da Sekra erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebelimoZraoba.
saqarTvelos msgavsad, eklesia da
sarwmunoeba swored am aspeqtma aqcia
nacionaluri eTikis safuZvlad.
Tumca, wignis `daumorCilebelTa
geneologiis~ avtori, bogdan civinski,
romelic ganmaTavisuflebel
poloneTi, gdanski, 1988
poloneli generali iaruzelski da
gdr-is prezidenti erix honekeri, berlini, 1982
cxeli Sokoladi 41
soni rolinzi, scenaze gasvlis win, niu-iorki, 1961 weli soni rolinzi, da atilio rota, milani, 1963 weli
istoria
`paradoqsuli ram moxda _ sovietizmis kraxis Semdeg poloneTs raRac sxva `sabWouroba~
daemarTa. glexuri sijiute. eklesiisadmi usazRvro ndoba, TiTqmis iseTi, rogorc sabWoeTSi
_ partiis mimarT, politikuri niSnuli gaxda. qveynis beds ironiulRimiliani kverTxisTavebi
wyveten, romlebsac nacionalizmis, antisemitizmis da provinciuli mesianobis wylulebi
awuxebT~.
brZolaSi polonuri inteligenciis
rolze wers, aRniSnavs, rom Tu polonel
inteligentsa da kaTolikur
eklesias Soris arsebul konfliqts
ar vaxsenebT, suraTi upatieblad
damaxinjdeba. avtori am konfliqtis
erT-erT aspeqtad sazogadoebrivi
moRvaweobis eTikur principebs asaxelebs,
winaaRmdegobis safuZvlad
ki _ socialur eTikas, romelsac
kaTolike poloneli da radikali
inteligenti gansxvavebulad aRiqvamdnen.
civinskis miaCnia, rom XX
saukunis polonurma kaTolikobam
mniSvnelovani ganaxleba ganicada,
ris wyalobiTac qveynis inteligenciis
daaxloeba moaxerxa.
inteligencia
da inteleqtualebi
terminebis _ `inteligencia~
da `inteleqtualebi~ _ Sejaxeba
poloneTSic moxda, Tumca pirvelTaTvis
iq es iseTi kraxiT ar
dasrulebula, rogorc CvenSi.
diskusiebSi xSirad axseneben xolme,
rom dasavluri tipis inteleqtualebi
polonur sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi XX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan
Semodian. imasac amboben, rom
inteligencia, polonur-rusuli
gagebiT, dasavleTSi ar arsebobs;
arsebobs saSualo klasi, romelic
male poloneTSic momZlavrdeba da
inteligencias wamyvan poziciebs
mTlianad CamoarTmevs.
mariuS cesliaki 2009 wlis seqtembris
`niusuiqSi~ uaryofs komunizmis
damxobaSi inteligenciis
rols, da `kanonis da samarTlianobis~
poziciebis Sesustebas. mas
axseneben, rom, magaliTad, italiaSi
sityva intellighenzia dRemde polonuri
(ruseTis pirvel inteligentebad
dekabristebi da maTi Tana-
42 cxeli Sokoladi
moazreebi iTvlebian. pirvelebi
Tavad-aznaurebidan, vinc, maTda
gasakvirad, 1812 wlis omSi aRmoa-
Cina, rom Turme glexic adamiania,
metic, patriotia. polonuri inteligencia
ki, rogorc Cans, me-18
saukunis bolos iSva, respublikur
da demokratiul principebTan er-
Tad) an rusuli transkrifciiT ixmareba.
asea Tu ise, Cvengan gansxvavebiT,
ramdenime aseuli, rogorc
axla amboben, `cnobadi~ konformistis
gamo, polonelebs umadurad ar
dauviwyniaT aTobiT aTasi adamiani,
romlebic ori saukunis ganmavloba-
Si im idealebs amkvidrebdnen, risac
Tavad swamdaT. poloneTSi marTlac
iyo da dRemde aris _ kaTolikuri
inteligencia, liberaluri inteligencia,
nacionalisturi da Sereuli
tipis kidev sxva (periodebis
mixedviT) inteligencia, da maTi
roli ama Tu im xanis movlenebis
warmarTvaSi Zalian mniSvnelovania.
poloneTSi, bevri sxva qveynisgan
gansxvavebiT, masonuri organizaciebic
ki erovnul elfers
atarebda da antirusul revoluciur
moZraobaSi saintereso rols
TamaSobdnen. mecxramete saukunis
dasawyisSi maiorma lukasianskim
`Tavisufali erovnuli masonobis~
sazogadoeba daaarsa. masonobis
simboluri niSnebic gaerovnulebuli
iyo: hirami _ daqucmacebuli
poloneTi iyo, misi sami mkvleli _
avstriis, prusiis da ruseTis monarqebi,
romlebmac is dainawiles,
Svilebi _ revolucioneri poloneli
masonebi. rusi dekabristebis
SeTqmuleba rom gamoaSkaravda, maT-
Tan urTierTobaSi myofi poloneli
masonebic daapatimres. Tumca, poloneTis
seimma isini samxedro damnaSaveebad
ki ar cno, konstituciis
Tanaxmad, saidumlo organizaciis
wevrobisTvis gaasamarTla da msubuqad
dasaja, ris gamoc, nikoloz
I-sgan Seirisxa. Tumca, es is konstitucia
ar iyo, romliTac polonelebi
ase amayoben.
pirveli polonuri konstitucia
1791 wlis 3 maiss miiRes, safrangeTze
naxevari wliT adre da, Sesabamisad,
is evropis yvelaze Zvel
konstituciad iTvleba, rac absoluturi
monarqiebiT garSemortymuli
qveynisTvis progresul momentad
miiCneva. magram ori wlis
Semdeg qveyanas amave monarqiebma
mouRes bolo _ samwuxarod, polonelive
magnatebis da umsxvilesi
miwaTmflobelebis xelSewyobiT.
nacionalisturi inteligenciis
bevri warmomadgeneli 40-iani wlebis
bolos memarjvene nacionaluklonizmSi
daadanaSaules da
daapatimres. 1956 wels poznanis mu-
SaTa ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg maTi
roli uaRresad Semcirda da win wamoiwia
kaTolikurma inteligenciam,
romlis gavlena mas Semdeg Zveleburad
Zlieria. da Tuki perioduli
ukan daxeva mainc arsebobda,
`solidarnosCis~ wlebSi, saidumlo
samsaxurebis mier gavleniani inteleqtualis,
qsenZ eJi pepeliuSkos
sadisturi mkvlelobis Semdeg moxda
is, rom polonuri kapitalizmis
ideebma socializmis ideebi mkve-
Trad Caanacvla da es suraTi mas
Semdeg didad aRarc Secvlila.
Tavisufali, stiqiuri
poloneTi
mudmivi oponirebis Tu Ria dapirispirebis
miuxedavad, polonuri
kultura yovelTvis, yvelaze
mZafri konfrontaciis periodeb-
Sic ki Ria iyo yovelive saukeTe-
sos mimarT, rac ruseTSi iqmneboda.
legendarul 80-ian wlebSic ki
poloneTi, rusuli dramaturgiis
inscenirebis mxriv, msoflioSi
pirvel adgilze idga. es im Tavisuflebis
erT-erTi gamovlineba iyo,
romelsac kaTolikuri, tradiciuli
poloneTi xorcs asxamda xelovnebaSi
_ tradiciuli meamboxeobis
meore saxe. isedac, eklesiuroba
da Tanamedrove polonuri xelovnebis
Tavawyvetili niWiereba (masSi
kaTolike qristianis gansjac bevria
da religiurobisgan daclili
`eresic~) am qveyanaSi erTmaneTis
gverdigverd uproblemod Tanaarsebobda.
es kargad Cans polonuri
warmoSobis erTi amerikeli kritikosis
werilSi, roca is wers eJi
grotovskize, rogorc polonuri
xasiaTis stiqiur, dionisur gamovlinebaze
_ rom arsebobs sxva
grotovskic, privatuli, formalurobis
niSnebCamocilebuli.
pirveli drodadro mickeviCis da
Sopenis maRal romantikul tradiciis
elementebs amJRavnebs; magram
arsebobs polonelis meore tipic,
romelsac grotovski sakuTar Tav-
Si atarebda da romelic aranakleb
istoria
stereotipulia _ bneli, saeWvo,
konspiratori, kontrabandisti da
maqinatori, iseTi, germaniis sarkinigzo
sadgurebis da mdidruli
sastumroebis midamoebSi rom
trialebdnen da gulSi Savbnel
zraxvebs atareben. personaJi, romelic
Seqspiris da Jan Jenes kalamTa
TanamSromlobiT SeiZleboda
Seqmniliyo; SesaZloa, dostoevskiseuli
personaJi. albaT amitom gamovida
vaidas `avsulebi~ rusulze
bevrad ufro rusuli filmi.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 89
poloneTi, varSava, 1944 poloneli marSali jozef pilsudski, varSava 1926
axali arqiepiskoposi iozef kovalCiki samgloviaro ceremonialze, poloneTi, varSava, 17 aprili 2010
cxeli Sokoladi 43
istoria
avtori: daviT buxrikiZe
44 cxeli Sokoladi
`mkvdari klasis~ Canawerebi
TadeuS kantori _ reJisori, reformatori da winaswarmetyveli
avtori: daviT buxrikiZe
misi warmodgenebi cudad momarTuli
manekenebis, groteskulad metyveli
Tojinebisa da mkvdreTiT aRmdgari adamianebis
droebiT zeims waagavs. TiTqos
amqveyniuri vnebebisTvis adgili aRar
darCaT. odnav ganaTebuli adamianimanekenebi,
aqromatulad gadawyvetili
scenografia da sagangebod ariTmiuli,
texili reJisura damcinavi sikvdilis
mniSvnelobas gvamcnobs: minoruli valsis
TanxlebiT, magram maJoruli epitafiiT.
misi gamomwvevi, magram siaxlis Segr-
ZnebiT gamorCeuli sasceno esTetika
meoce saukunis xelovnebis istoriaSi
`sikvdilis Teatris~ saxelwodebiT Sevida.
Tumca mudmivi TviTganaxlebis surviliT
aRbeWdili eqsperimentebi xSirad
gamxdara mZafri kritikis sagani. vizualur
xelovnebasTan nazavi misi hefeningebi
jer kidev 40-50-ian wlebSi krakovSi,
aRmosavleT evropis `mcire Teatralur
renesanss~ moaswavebda; xolo 70-ian wlebSi
ganxorcielebuli speqtaklebi (msaxiobis
gancdisa da eqspresiis gareSe,
rasac xSirad `nulovan Teatrsac~ uwodeben),
tradiciul dramaturgiasa da
klasikur Teatrs SeCveuli publikisa-
Tvis marTlac Sokis momgvreli aRmoCnda.
gamomwvevad nonkonformistuli, vizualurad
uCveulo da ideologiisgan
Tavisufali warmodgenebi, krakovis Teatr
`kriko 2~-Si Seiqmna, romelTa avtoria
evropuli Teatris erT-erT udidesi
eqsperimentatori, aRiarebuli poloneli
reJisori, mxatvari da scenografi
TadeuS kantori. meore msoflio omis
Semdeg Tavisi mravalricxovani performansebiT
man erT-erTma pirvelma uaryo
klasikuri Teatris ena, amxila misi yalbi
pompezuroba da gamomsaxvelobiTi
siRaribe. Sesabamisad, Secvala Teatrisa-
istoria
dmi damokidebuleba, misi socialuri da
kulturuli mniSvneloba.
`mkvdari klasi~,
rogorc politikuri mexsiereba
ratom TadeuS kantori da ratom swored
dRes? iseTi didi Teatraluri tradiciebiT
mdidar qveyanaSi, rogoric poloneTia,
sxva saxelovani reJisorebic
mravlad iyvnen da arian: eJi grotovski,
anjei vaida, konrad Svinarski, iozef Saina,
kristian lupa... Tumca, Cemi azriT,
am kiTxvaze pasuxi sabediswero politikuri
SemTxveviTobisa da didi xelovnebis
idumal kavSirSi unda veZioT. ufro
konkretulad ki 1975 wels, kantoris
mier krakovSi dadgmuli `mkvdari klasisa~
da 2010 wlis 10 aprils, smolenskSi
Camovardnili TviTmfrinavis tragikul
da paradoqsul gadaZaxilSi. luis bunueli
xSirad ambobda, rom xelovneba
uswrebs cxovrebas...
1975 wels (daaxloebiT im dros, rodesac
robert sturuam `kavkasiuri carcis
wre~ dadga) TadeuS kantorma krakovSi,
mis mierve daarsebul TeatrSi, saxelwodebiT
`kriko 2~, pirvelad uCvena speqtakli
`mkvdari klasi~. maSin veravin ifiqrebda,
rom patara, nacrisfer saklaso
oTaxSi gamomwyvdeuli, meore msoflio
omis dros gardacvlili da reJisoris
fantaziiT gacocxlebuli es ucnauri
personaJebi _ bavSvebi, moxucebi, qvrivebi,
samxedroebi, ebraelebi, mlocvelebi,
pensionerebi, xelmocaruli axalgazrdebi
Tu araerotikulad momlodine qalebi
didi Teatraluri misteriis nawilad
iqceodnen. iseve, rogorc veravin warmoidgenda,
rom 2010 wels aviakatastrofaSi
daRupuli poloneTis politikuri
da samxedro elitis dakrZalvis ceremonia
lamis `mkvdari klasis~ Teatralur
metaforas daemsgavseboda.
cxeli Sokoladi 45
istoria
ase ucnaurad, sabediswerod da
moulodnelad gaeriTma erTmaneTs
didi reJisoris mxatvruli gamonagoni
da dRevandeli politikuri
realoba; meore msoflio omis STabeWdilebebiT
nakvebi Teatraluri
xilvebi da amave omSi, katinis
maxloblad daRupuli poloneli
oficrebis ZebnaSi daferflili
adamianebis sicocxle; gardasuli
Teatraluri sigiJe da dRevandeli
politikuri cinizmi. TadeuS kantorma
lamis winaswarmetyveliviT
daasabuTa, rom Teatris efemeruli,
warmavali da sizmariviT naqsovi samyaro
mudmivad waagavs sikvdilTan
da aCrdilebTan TamaSs; maSinac ki,
rodesac am TamaSSi yovlisSemZle
`kgb~ TiTqmis ar monawileobs.
`mkvdari klasi~ dRes ara mxolod
Teatris brwyinvale warsuls
asaxavs, aramed am warsulidan gadmoyolil
politikur mexsierebasac
ufrTxildeba. poloneTis
erovnul kompleqsebs, patriotul
siamayes Tu aracnobier SiSebs Ti-
46 cxeli Sokoladi
Tqmis yovelTvis gansazRvravda
or didi qveynis _ germaniisa da
ruseTis mezobloba. da ar aris
gasakviri, rom TadeuS kantoric
am socialur-politikuri velis
`kulturuli~ tyvea. miT umetes,
rom is galiciaSi, patara qalaq velopoleSi
daibada, romelic 1916
wels jer kidev ruseTis imperias
ekuTvnoda.
sagnebi da msaxiobebi
kantori krakovis samxatvro
akademiaSi, scenografiis fakultetze
swavlobda. jer kidev studentobisas
germanuli eqspresionizmisa
da arqiteqturis (kerZod,
`bauhauzis~) gavleniT, samxatvro
akademiis scenaze meterlinkis simbolisturi
piesebi dadga, sadac
personaJebi marionetul figurebad
aqcia. amdenad, maSinve gamoikveTa
misi interesebi TeatrSi _
mxatvrobis aqcentireba, scenografiis
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba da
performansi.
misi kritikuli damokidebuleba
tradiciuli Teatrisadmi meore
msoflio omma da totalurma ngrevam
kidev ufro gaamZafra. germanuli
okupaciis pirobebSi kantori
dgams slovackis `baladinas~ (1942)
da vispianskis `odisevsis dabrunebas~
(1943). am warmodgenebSi sagnebma
ukve gadamwyveti mxatvruli
mniSvneloba da didi masStabi Sei-
Zina. mis warmodgenebSi Cndeba bibliuri
da absurduli aluziebi,
omiT dasaxiCrebuli evropis metafizikuri
da pesimisturi teqstebi,
SeSlilTa leqsebi da gadacvlil-
Ta gamocxadebebi, da es yvelaferi
sagnebisa da dekoraciis mniSvnelobis
fonze; radgan, kantoris
azriT, `sagnebi msaxiobebTan erTad
Tanabrad inawileben da gansazRvraven
warmodgenis mniSvnelobas~.
eqsperimentuli xelovnebisa da
scenografiis siRrmiseulma Seswavlam
Tavisi kvali daaCnia krakovis
damoukidebel TeatrSi dadgmul
warmodgenebsac. kantoris idea
`sagani-msaxiobi~ sruladaa realizebuli
`odisevsis dabrunebaSi~,
romelic naxevrad dangreul SenobaSi
TamaSdeba. rekviziti mxolod
meore msoflio omis droindeli
realuri nivTebia, romelic TiTqmis
`erwymis~ msaxiobis TamaSsa da
mis saarsebo sivrces. SedarebiT mogvianebiT,
50-ian wlebSi gaCnda `simbiozis~
idea, rac, kantoris azriT,
adamianisa da sagnis urTierTobaSi
axal etaps moaswavebs. magaliTad
personaJi, romelic scenaze mudmivad
TojiniT Semodis, rac mis axalgazrdobas
aRniSnavs. an adamiani
karadiT, adamiani skamiT, adamiani
sabavSvo etliT da a.S.
Teatr `kriko 2~-is dabadeba TadeuS
kantoris mier 50-ian wlebSi
ganxorcielebuli mravalricxovani
eqsperimentebis logikuri
dasasruli iyo. performansi saxelwodebiT
`TamaSebi vitkeviCTan~
(1956) mweral stanislav vitkeviCis
scenuri xatebis Teatris simbolod
iqca, romelsac mogvianebiT
`mkvdari Teatri~ uwoda. es yvelaferi
stalinis sikvdilisa da
polonuri `ottepelis~ periodSi
xdeba, roca mas ukve legalurad
mieca saSualeba, damoukideblad
emuSava, Tanac _ yovelgvari cenzuris
gareSe.
ukve 60-iani wlebidan dasavleT
evropam misi obieqtebi, instalaciebi
Tu hefeningebi aRmoaCina:
`patara mamuli~ (1962), `SeSlili
da monazoni (1963), `wylis qaTami~
(1967), `lamazebi da maxinjebi~
(1970), rac informaciuli TvalsazrisiT
mniSvnelovani garRveva
aRmoCnda. Tumca, kulturul sabWoeTs
didi polonelis arc erTi
speqtakli ar unaxavs _ arc Zveli
da arc axali... mxolod erTxel,
didi xnis win `sabWoTa xelovneba-
Si~ wavikiTxe baton nodar gurabaniZis
vrceli werili kantorze,
romlis yvelaze didi speqtakli
_ `mkvdari klasi~ mas edinburgis
saerTaSoriso Teatralur festivalze
enaxa.
istoria
80-iani wlebis bolos ukve asakovani
TadeuS kantori xelmZRvanelobs
milanSi gamarTul dramatuli xelovnebis
seminars, romelSic misi Teatris
Tayvanismcemlebi, reJisorebi
da msaxiobebi monawileoben. daswreba
SezRudulia, radgan kantori sakmaod
Caketili da idumali pirovneba
iyo. albaT, amiTac unda aixsnas misi
iSviaTi gamoCena teleekranze, iseve _
rogorc sakmaod SezRuduli da limitirebuli
urTierToba presasTan.
seminaris dasrulebis Semdeg, gardacvalebamde
ramdenime TviT adre
(kantori 1990 wels gardaicvala)
aqveynebs wigns saxelwodebiT `milanis
seminari~, romelSic Tormeti
Cawerili leqciaa Tanamedrove Teatris
Sesaxeb. es, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,
unikaluri wignia ara
marto sxarti da uSualo eniT, aramed
avtoris damokidebulebiT Teatrisadmi
da movlenebis gadmocemis
iSviaTi eqspresiiT. es faqtobrivad
erTaderTi wignia, sadac meoce
saukunis erT-erTi didi reJisori
`mkvdari klasi~
cxeli Sokoladi 47
istoria
qaosurad, magram SeZlebisdagvarad
zustad ayalibebs sakuTar Teorias
Tanamedrove Teatris Sesaxeb.
fragmentebi wignidan
`milanis seminari~
msurs magiuri sityviT _ `Seswavla~,
daviwyo. ar mrcxvenia am sityvis
warmoTqma 71 wlis asakSic,
radgan yovelTvis Tavidan viwyebdi
da es niSnavs, rom vswavlobdi.
ferwerac im droidan daviwye,
roca pirvelad aRmovaCine, rom
didi franguli mxatvroba arsebobs.
magram poloneTSi amis naxva
SeuZlebeli iyo, amitom klasikosebis
gacnobas wignebiT da reproduqciebiT
Sevudeqi.
es ar yofila arc saskolo davaleba,
arc iZulebiT momzadebuli
gakveTilebi, radgan yvelaze metad
warmosaxva mexmareboda. warmosaxva
ki yovelTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania.
maxsovs, pirveli realuri Sexvedra
frangul ferwerasTan 1947
48 cxeli Sokoladi
wels Sedga, magram es is ar iyo, rasac
velodi. ufro zustad, es materialuri
SegrZnebebis gamocdas
hgavda, romelsac araferi aqvs
saerTo warmosaxvasTan. da amis Semdeg
reJisuraSic da Semoqmedeba-
Sic yovelTvis warmosaxvas varCev.
Semoqmedeba pirvel rigSi saku-
Tari Tavis aRmoCenas hgavs. es
Taviseburi mogzaurobaa, Seswavla,
axali teritoriebis gacnoba.
rodesac ggonia, rom raRacas mia-
Rwie, mizans kidev ufro Sordebi
da sadRac, ukan auTvisebeli miwebi
rCeba... xelovneba swored ase warmomidgenia:
rac ufro uaxlovdebi,
miT ufro gSordeba.
arc vici, rogor aRvwero saku-
Tari SegrZnebebi ise, rom warsul-
Si ar davrCe da naambobi utopia ar
gamovides, magram Sevecdebi...
warsuli yovelTvis axali ku-
TxiT warmogvidgeba da mudmivad
pulsirebs awmyoSi. asea TeatrSic.
rom gaigo misi buneba, mTlianad
xelovneba unda moicva, radgan
Teatris arsi mravalferovnebasa
da drois ganfenilobaSia. gamocalkeveba
damarcxebas niSnavs,
ufro zustad es partikularizmia.
sinamdvileSi, Teatrs ar gaaCnia
sakuTari sayrdeni wertili, radgan
literaturas, dramas, arqiteqturas,
saxviT xelovnebas, cekvas,
plastikas, musikas efuZneba. es
yovelive Teatris pirveladi materiaa,
proto-materia, gansakuTrebuli
da mravalferovani.
amis gaazreba gagviadvilebs Tanamedrove
xelovnebis Seswavlas da
Teatris Tanamedrove mniSvnelobis
gagebas. Tumca sinamdvileSi yvelaze
didi problema swored amis
Semdeg dgeba _ rogor movaxdinoT
abstraqcia? es iSviaTi movlenaa
TeatrSi da pirvelad `bauhauzis~
abstraqtul stilSi, oskar Slemeris
TeatrSi moxerxda.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 92
istoria
cxeli Sokoladi 49
istoria
Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi
RAF dich auf!
avtori: ana korZaia-samadaSvili
interviu Cawerilia 1970 wels.
ulrike mainhofi 36 wlisaa. mas ori
Svili hyavs, romlebsac marto zrdis.
gadaRlilia, wvalobs. intervius
dros xelebs ver aCerebs, papiross
atrialebs, nivTebs aadgilebs.
ulrike TavCaRunuli laparakobs,
xandaxan Tu amoxedavs xolme kameras.
garegnulad? ra vici. magram er-
Txel Tu naxeT, ar dagaviwydebaT.
Tema aris bavSvTa aRzrda, ojaxis
roli adamianis cxovrebaSi, rogoria,
roca politikuri moRvawe xar
da Tan Svilebs unda mixedo. ulrike
pasuxobs:
50 cxeli Sokoladi
`Znelia... Zalian Znelia... uaRresad
Znelia~...
ramdenime Tvis Semdeg ulrike mainhofma
Tavisi Svilebi miatova.
yvelaze kargad ulrike mainhofis
fenomeni laSa baqraZem amixsna. bolos
filmi vnaxe, `baader-mainhofis
kompleqsi~, da laSas SevCivle, rom
veRaraferi gamigia. ra grZnobebs
aRZravs CemSi es qali? _ siZulvils?
aRtacebas? ulrikes gardacvalebidan
mravali wlis Semdeg misi samSoblodan
Zalian Sors, sul sxva kulturis
Svili, sul sxva biografiis
mqone Zalian xSirad vfiqrob masze
_ qalze, romelze mniSvnelovani
Jurnalistic germanias meore msoflio
omis Semdeg albaT arc hyolia.
vgoneb, masze ukeT wera aravis
SeeZlo. misi narkvevebi da analitikuri
statiebi dResac saukeTeso
ramaa, rac im wlebis Sesaxeb wamikiTxavs.
misi teqstebi marwmunebs,
rom usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg br-
Zola aucilebelia _ da kidev er-
Txel maCvenebs, rom amis gambedaoba
da unari ar myofnis. amave dros is,
Cemi ulrike mainhofi, iyo teroristi.
mkvleli. me ki mainc Zalian min-
da, iseTi gavxde, rogoric ulrike
mainhofi iyo.
samarcxvino mdgomareobaa.
qalbatoni ulrike mainhofi
axlac Zalian saxifaTo qali gaxlavT.
da ai, laSa baqraZem amixsna, rom
es sworia. rom RAF-is da ulrikes
calsaxa Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. man
miTxra, rom ulrike mainhofi rom
ara, RAF ar iarsebebda, xolo RAF
rom ara, dRevandeli germania da,
garkveulwilad, dRevandeli evropa
aseTi ar iqneboda; rom mudam
unda arsebobdes Zala, romelsac,
protestTan erTad, winaaRmdegobis
unaric aqvs.
ulrike maria mainhofi
protestidan winaaRmdegobamde
`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa da
es ar mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi
ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas
wyvets. protesti: vacxadeb, rom
morCa, me amaSi aRar vmonawileob.
winaaRmdegoba: me viqcevi ise, rom
amaSi aRaravin miiRebs monawileobas~.
wels, TebervalSi vietnamisadmi
miZRvnil konferenciaze, berlinSi
erTma Savkanianma amerikelma,
moZraoba Black Power-is warmomadgenelma
daaxloebiT es Tqva _ sityvasityviT
ar maxsovs.
studentebi sulac ar `awyoben
ajanyebas~, isini winaaRmdegobas
swavloben. diax, qvebs isrodnen,
diax, berlinSi Springeris koncernis
Senobis fanjrebi daimsxvra.
manqanebi aalda, `bild caitungis~
erT-erTi redaqcia dazaralda,
saburavebi daiglija, satransporto
moZraoba paralizebuli iyo,
satvirTo manqanebi gadaayiraves,
policielebis jaWvebi gaarRvies
_ diax, Zalas mimarTes, fizikur
Zalmomreobas. miuxedavad amisa,
Springeris presis gamosvlas xeli
veraferma SeuSala, quCis moZraoba
ramdenime saaTSi ganaxlda. fanjrebis
fuls sadazRvevo kompaniebi
gadaixdian. damwvari satvirTo
manqanebis nacvlad, quCebSi sxvebi
gamovlen. policia wylis Wavls
kvlav gamoiyenebs, iseve, rogorc
rezinis xeljoxebi ar mogvakldeba.
maSasadame, is, rac moxda, SeiZleba
kvlav ganmeordes: Springeris presa
kvlav gaafTrebul devnas ganagr-
Zobs, klaus Sulci kvlav mogviwodebs,
rom `am subieqtebs TvalebSi
CavxedoT~ da _ modiT, viyoT Tanmimdevrulni
_ vurtyaT (rac 21 Tebervals
ukve moxda) da, sabolood,
vesroloT.
sityvier protestsa da fizikur
winaaRmdegobas Soris zRvari saaRdgomod
gadailaxa, rudi duCkeze
TavdasxmasTan dakavSirebuli demonstraciebis
dros. es pirvelad
moxda masobrivad da ara calkeuli
pirovnebebis mier, ramdenime dRis
ganmavlobaSi da sayovelTaod, da
aramarto berlinSi, praqtikulad
da ara simbolurad. Tu 2 ivnisis
mere Springeris gazeTebs wvavdnen,
axla cdiloben, maT gavrcelebas
xeli SeuSalon. 2 ivniss mxolod
pomidvrebs da laye kvercxebs isrodnen
_ axla qvebs isvrian. TebervalSi
mxiaruli da sasacilo filmi
aCvenes imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
keTdeba `molotovis koqteili~ _
axla ki koqteilis boTlebi marTla
abrialda. protestsa da winaaRmdegobas
Soris sazRvari gadailaxa,
`imisTvis, rom
TavianTi sayvareli
firma, `simSvide &
wesrigi~ SeinarCunon,
erTaderTi saSualeba
arsebobs: Springeris
eqspropriacia.
Cven aRar vxumrobT.
protesti: vacxadeb,
rom esa da es ar
mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba:
viqcevi ise, rom rac
ar mawyobs, arsebobas
wyvets~.
istoria
Tumca araefeqturad. da mainc, is,
rac moxda, SeiZleba kvlav ganmeordes,
ZalTa Tanafardoba ar Secvlila.
winaaRmdegoba viswavleT.
magram Zalauflebis poziciebi ver
davipyariT. maS, SeiZleba Tu ara
momxdars uazro, teroristuli,
apolitikuri, uZluri Zaladoba
vuwodoT?
modiT, yvelafers Tavisi saxeli
davarqvaT. ra surs politikur Zalauflebas?
Zalauflebas, romelic
gmobs qvebis msrolel demonstrantebs
da cecxlis gaCenas da ara
Springeris gaafTrebul propagandas,
vietnamis dabombvas, iranSi gamefebul
terors, samxreT afrikis
respublikaSi miRebul wamebas. Zalauflebas,
romelsac _ kanonis Tanaxmad
_ Springeris eqspropriacia
SeuZlia, magram amis nacvlad `koalicias~
qmnis. Zalauflebas, romelsac
masmediiT SeuZlia mohyves
simarTles `bildis~ da `berliner
caitungis~ Sesaxeb, magram amis nacvlad
studentebis Sesaxeb cru
ambebs avrcelebs. im Zalauflebas,
romelic TvalTmaqcurad gmobs
Zaladobas da `ormagi standartis~
momxrea, romelic swored imisken
miiswrafvis, rac Cven, am dReebSi
quCaSi qvebiT Tu uqvebod gasulebs,
sul ar gvinda: CvenTvis uZluri,
damoukideblobas moklebuli masebis
bedis Tavze moxveva, CvenTvis
aravisTvis saSiSi opoziciis rolis
Tavze moxveva, CvenTvis bavSvuri
demokratiuli TamaSebis Tavze moxveva
da imis damtkiceba, rom Cveni
bedi esaa. xolo Tu saqme seriozul
saxes miiRebs, es Zalaufleba sagangebo
mdgomareobasac mogvaxvevs
Tavze.
jonsoni, romelmac martin lu-
Ter kingi erovnul gmirad gamoacxada,
kisingeri, romelmac telefoniT
gamoxata TanagrZnoba
duCkeze Tavdasxmis gamo _ oriveni
Zaladobis sistemis wamomadgenlebi
arian, sistemisa, romlis winaaRmdegac
gamodiodnen kingic da
duCkec, Zaladobis sistemisa, romelmac
Sva Springeric da vietnamis
cxeli Sokoladi 51
istoria
omic. amitom arc jonsons da arc
kisingers ara aqvT arc moraluri
da arc politikuri ufleba, studentebis
winaaRmdegoba gakicxon.
kvlav: yvelafers Tavisi saxeli
davarqvaT. dokumenturadaa damtkicebuli,
rom CvenTan, dRisiTmzisiT,
ubralod viRacam viRac ki
ar daxvrita, aramed inteligenciis
protesti masebis gasulelebis winaaRmdeg
seriozulad iyo Seswavlili
da gaanalizebuli Springeris
koncernis mier _ da koncernma
zomebi miiRo, rom isini, vinc gasulelebis
kampaniis winaaRmdeg
gamodian, gamoacxados RvTis mowinaaRmdege
adamianebad, subieqtebad,
romlebic viTomda yovelTvis
yvelafris winaaRmdegni arian.
dokumenturadaa damtkicebuli,
rom biurgeruli firma `Cveulebebi
& kargi manerebi~ borkilebia
da es borkilebi SeiZleba da unda
daimsxvres, Tuki Seborkilebis
cema da daxvreta daiwyeba. dokumenturadaa
damtkicebuli, rom am
qveyanaSi kidev arseboben adamianebi,
romlebic ara marto gulis
siRrmeSi ar emxrobian da kicxaven
terors da Zaladobas, aramed
mzad arian, Tavze xeli aiRon da
es xmamaRla Tqvan, da maT veravin
SeaSinebs; anu, arseboben adamianebi,
romlebsac winaaRmdegobis
gawevis unari SeswevT da SeuZliaT
yvelas aCvenon, rom is, rac aqamde
xdeboda, ase veRar gagrZeldeba.
52 cxeli Sokoladi
dokumenturadaa damtkicebuli,
rom sikvdilis propaganda sazogadoebisTvis
saSiSia, da amitom
sazogadoebaSi aRmoCnda Zalebi,
romlebic mzad arian, sasaklaoze
uari Tqvan. dokumenturad damtkicebulia,
rom adamianis sicocxle
bevrad Zvirfasia, vidre fanjris
minebi da manqanebi, rogorc
Springeris koncernis satvirTo
manqanebi, aseve demonstrantebis
avtomobilebi, romlebic berlinSi
Springeris gamomcemlobis Senobis
blokadis moxsnis aqciis dros
policiam daamtvria da daaziana.
dokumenturad damtkicebulia,
rom sazogadoebaSi, rogorc iqna,
gamoCndnen Zalebi, romlebic mzad
arian ara marto autanels autaneli
uwodon, aramed Springeris da
misi msaxurebis ganiaraRebis procesis
organizebac SeZlon. maSasadame,
imis demonstrireba moxda,
rom Cvens gankargulebaSi arsebobs
sxva saSualebebic, ufro efeqturi,
vidre is, ramac Tavisi uZlureba
ukve daamtkica (vgulisxmob
demonstraciebs, protestebs,
Springeris saqmis mosmenebs da a.S.)
_ Tuki rudi duCkeze Tavdasxmis
Tavidan acileba ver SeZlo.
maSasadame, vinaidan borkilebi
firmisa `simSvide & wesrigi~ ukve
damsxvreulia (Tavad Zalauflebis
mier), Cven SegviZlia da unda
daviwyoT axali diskusia Zaladobis
da sapasuxo Zaladobis Sesa-
xeb. sapasuxo Zaladoba im formiT,
ra formiTac is saaRdgomod ganxorcielda,
ar aris gankuTvnili
imisTvis, rom (opoziciuri Zalebis)
simpaTia gamoiwvios, arasaparlamento
opoziciis mxareze gadaiyvanos
samTavrobo ZaladobiT
daSinebuli liberalebi. sapasuxo
Zaladoba unda gadaiqces iseT Zaladobad,
romelic policiuri Zaladobis
Sesatyvisia, Zaladobad,
romelSic gaTvla Secvlis uZlur
risxvas, Zaladobad, romelic policiis
SeiaraRebul, saomar Zalad
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, aseve
SeiaraRebuli, saomari saSualebebiT
gascems pasuxs. istabliSmenti,
`mmarTveli wre~ unda vaiZuloT
rudisTan molaparakeba awarmoos
_ ise, rom mTavroba, saparlamento
partiebi da kavSirebi mixvdnen:
imisTvis, rom TavianTi sayvareli
firma, `simSvide & wesrigi~ Seinar-
Cunon, erTaderTi saSualeba arsebobs:
Springeris eqspropriacia.
Cven aRar vxumrobT.
`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa da
es ar mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi
ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas
wyvets~.
es ambavi daiwyo 1960-ian wlebSi.
ufro sworad, erTbaSad bevri ram
moxda, da ramdenime adamiani, romelic
manamde ubralod revoluciobanas
TamaSobda, Zalian mWidrod
daukavSirda erTmaneTs.
cacia baaderma marjvena xeliT sakuTar kefaSi isrola. gudrun enslinma Werze,
kauWze CamoixrCo Tavi, oRond iq rogor aZvra da eleqtrogayvanilobis mavTuli
saidan moitana _ gaugebaria. sruliad cariel sakanSi CamoixrCo Tavi ulrike
mainhofmac. ase amboben.
1967 wels germanias iranis Sahi
unda swveoda. memarcxene studentebi
am vizitis winaaRmdegi iyvnen,
radgan smenodaT, rogor awamebdnen
adamianebs iranis cixeebSi. erT
manifestaciaze maT studenti, beni
onezorgi SeuerTdaT, Cveulebrivi
studenti, memarcxenec ki ar eTqmoda.
is mokles. ubralod, wamebis
winaaRmdeg gamovida, da mokles.
erTi wlis mere rudi duCkes esroles.
rudi duCke, romelic germaniis
studentTa profkavSiris
lideri iyo, Springeris sagazeTo
koncerns hyavda aTvalwunebuli.
germanelebs mouwodebdnen: `Sea-
CereT duCke!~ duCke neonacistma
baxmanma SeaCera _ TavSi esrola.
duCke saswaulad gadarCa, magram
mTeli darCenili cxovreba Tavis
tkivili stanjavda da epilefsiis
Setevebi dasCemda. miuxedavad amisa,
Springeris koncerns misi devna
ar Seuwyvetia. duCke londonSi gadavida,
sadac martodmarto dasaxlda
da epilefsiis morigi Setevis
dros abazanaSi daixrCo.
`tyviebma, romlebic duCkes esroles,
bolo mouRo Cvens ocnebebs
mSvidobisa da araZalmomreobis
Sesaxeb~, _ werda ulrike mainhofi.
duCkes esroles _ da frankfurtis
savaWro saxlis Senobas cecxli
gauCnda. xanZari uceb Caaqres, damnaSaveebi
daakaves _ sayvarlebi
iyvnen, pacifistebi, andreas baaderi
da gudrun enslini. sasamarTlo
gaimarTa da advokatebma imdeni
qnes, rom msjavrdebulebi maleve
gamouSves cixidan. erT-erTi
advokati _ es mniSvnelovania! _
horst maleri iyo.
enslini da baaderi safrangeTSi
gaemgzavrnen da uceb, gaugebari
mizezebis gamo, isini interpolma
daakava da kvlav cixeSi ukres Tavi.
memarcxeneebi aRSfoTdnen, sasamarTlo
darbazSi ki erTmaneTs
Sexvdnen zemoT xsenebuli advokati
horst maleri da memarcxene
Jurnalisti gazeT `konkretidan~
_ ulrike mainhofi. swored ase
daiwyo `wiTeli armiis fraqciis~,
RAF-is istoria. am orma gaugonari
ram Caifiqra da ganaxorciela:
baaderi da enslini cixidan gaaqcies.
oTxeuli iordaniis saswavlo
banakebSi gaemgzavra, sadac maTgan
profesionali teroristebi Seqmnes.
1970 wels isini, gawvrTnilebi,
momzadebulebi da sabrZolod Se-
istoria
marTulebi germaniaSi dabrundnen.
`wiTel armias~ ukve 30 wevri hyavda
da asobiT adamiani TanaugrZnobda.
mraval sxva sakiTxTan erTad, maT
erTi ram ainteresebdaT, marTlac
saintereso ambavi: ratom moxda
ise, rom mravali nacisti omis Semdeg
ara marto sasjels gadaurCa,
aramed Zalauflebis SenarCunebac
SeZlo. RAF-elebi kvlevas Seudgnen
da gasaocari faqtebi aRmoaCines:
omis ukanaskneli Tveebis ganmavlobaSi
faSisturi sagangebo tribunalebis
mosamarTleebma `panikis
TesvisTvis~ aTasobiT adamiani CamoaxrCes.
arc erTi damnaSave ar
dausjiaT. `daniis jalaTi~, romelmac
piradad gaanadgura, sul
mcire, rva aTasi adamiani, saxelganTqmuli
iuristi gaxda da raRac
did koncernSi did fulsac iRebda.
eseseli maRalCinosani, safrangeTSi
faSisturi teroris organizatori,
romelsac safrangeTis
sasamarTlom sikvdili miusaja,
germaniis federaciuli respublikis
xelisuflebam gamoiTxova,
umalve Seiwyala da generlis sapatio
pensiac dauniSna.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 94
cxeli Sokoladi 53
interviu
54 cxeli Sokoladi
interviu erik trufazTan
avtori: kaxa Tolordava
foto: marika qoCiaSvili
raze gindaT, rom visaubroT?
ZiriTadad musikaze.
es isaa, rac miWirs xolme, gansakuTrebiT
_ inglisurad. musikaze
mirCevnia vimRero, oRond
_ frangulad. axla nu momTxovT
amas, kargi? simReras vgulisxmob.
kargi, SevTanxmdiT. musikaze zogjer
marTla rTulia saubari. ramdenime
kviris win jon maqlaflinis
DVD-s vuyurebdi indoel musikosebTan
rom Cawera oriode wlis win;
filmi imazea, Tu rogor muSaobdnen
isini erTad maqlaflinis albomze
Floating Point. filmis bolos, muSaobas
rom asruleben, maqlaflini
haerovan kocnas ugzavnis Tavis musikosebs,
madlobis niSnad. es albaT
musikosebTan urTierTobis yvelaze
kargi saSualebaa.
es momwons. yoveli SemTxvevis-
Tvis, sityvebs sjobia.
arasdros giCndebaT musikaluri
impulsebis artikulirebis survili
an saWiroeba?
ra Tqma unda, magram rogorc
wesi, sityvebiT kargad ver vaxerxeb
xolme imis axsnas, rac am dros CemSi
xdeba. uamravi metaforis gamoyeneba
mixdeba. amitomac vTqvi,
rom musikaze leqsis Tqma an simRera
mirCevnia. me sayvirze vukrav,
sayviri ki amosunTqvaa. simRerac
amosunTqvaa. me momRerali var
sayviriT xelSi da momReraliviT
vudgebi musikalur masalas, ufro
_ momReraliviT, vidre virtuozi
instrumentalistiviT.
amitomac saubrobT xolme ase xSirad
Tqvensave musikaSi dramis prin-
interviu
cipebis da elementebis Semotanaze?
marTalia. dakvrisas idumali atmosferos
Seqmnas vcdilob xolme.
marto amas ver mivaRwev, amitomac
Cem gverdiT kargi musikosebi unda
idgnen. maT dakvrac unda icodnen
da sxvebis mosmenac, Torem scenaze
oTxi an xuTi kaci rom dgas da
yvela erTdroulad ukravs, qaosi
iqmneba. musikoss dramis SegrZneba
unda hqondes. maqlaflini radgan
vaxseneT, piradad me misi mailzis
droindeli periodi ufro
miyvars. mailzTan da Tavis pirvel
solo albomebSi maqlaflini
SedarebiT Zunwad avsebda sivrces
da me swored aseT musikas vaniWeb
upiratesobas. mailzTan yofnisas
maqlaflini gansxvavebulad ukravda,
gaxsovT?
ra Tqma unda. In a Silent Way, Bitches
Brew, Live Evil. mailzis imdroindel
musikaSic dramis Seqmnis mcdeloba
iyo.
Tan rogori daZabuli, saintereso
da savse dramis!
rogorc wesi, Tqven erTdroulad
Zalian bevr proeqtSi xarT xolme
`gaxveuli~, Tan erTmaneTisgan sruliad
gansxvavebul proeqtebSi _
xan hif-hoferebTan erTad werT alboms,
xan _ eleqtro-musikosebTan,
xan pier henrisTan an jon haselTan.
advilad axerxebT TqvenTvis ase
mniSvnelovani atmosferos Seqmnas
musikidan musikaSi gadanacvlebisas?
musika Cemi cxovrebaa, cxovreba
ki dRidan dRemde da wlidan wlamde
erTnairi araa. amitomac vicvli
xolme musikalur garemos, Cemive
aRmoCenebis gadasaxaliseblad.
cxeli Sokoladi 55
interviu
kargi musika drois miRma unda idges da wlebis
Semdegac Tanamedroved JRerdes. vis rad unda
iseTi musika, romelic cecxliviTaa _ erT wams
gizgizebs, mere ki qreba?
miyvars musikalurad sxvadasxva
geografiuli sivrceebis Semotana
Cems musikaSi. aseTi gadaadgilebebi
azrovnebis unars miumjobesebs.
Tanac, kompozitoric var da musikasTan
aseTi midgoma gansxvavebuli
formebis gamoyenebis saSualebas
maZlevs. SarSan magaliTad
mec indoel musikosebTan erTad
Cavwere albomi.
vici. isic vici, induri klasikuri
ragas Seswavla rom gindodaT.
sxvaTa Soris, sanam induri musikis
Seswavla ar gadavwyvite, arc ki vicodi,
rom klasikuri ragas didi
nawili improvizaciaa.
ho, magram amis gamo is advili
ar xdeba da misi Seswavlac Zalian,
Zalian Znelia. raga induri klasikuri
musikaa, da Tu ginda, rom
seriozulad daeuflo mas, minimum
20 weli mainc unda daaxarjo swavlis
process, raRacas mainc rom
miaRwio. ho, ragaSi mec improvizacia
mizidavs, magram, rogorc gi-
TxariT, am SemTxvevaSi ase advilad
araa saqme. me hariprasad Caurasias
(hariprasad Caurasia _ bansurize,
bambukis fleitaze, Semsrulebeli
56 cxeli Sokoladi
indoeli musikosi) didi fani var.
is Tavisi musikiT ramdenime wuTSi
axerxebs msmeneli amqveyniurobas
moswyvitos. hoda, sul megona, rom
mTeli misi musika improvizaciaa,
vidre mis koncertze ar movxvdi.
cocxlad Sesrulebisas misi musikis
garkveuli nawili improvizaciaa,
magram raRac momentSi am nakadSi
tabla (klasikuri induri dasartyami
instrumenti) rom Semodis,
mas sruliad gaTvlili da gansazRvruli
klasikuri struqturebi
Semoaqvs musikaSi. am dros indoeli
msmeneli taSs ukravs xolme, Cven ki
_ evropelebi ver vxvdebiT, Tu ram
gamoiwvia es taSi. saqme ki isaa, rom
isini cnoben im struqturebs da ni-
Sans aZleven musikoss, rom bolomde
mihyvebian mas. genialuria! ise ki
tablaze damkvrelebTanac miyvars
muSaoba. ramdenime wlis win talvin
singxTan erTadac Cavwere diski.
bolo albomze ki apurba muherjis-
Tan erTad vimuSave.
verasdros warmoidgen, rom Sesa-
Zlebelia dasartyam instrumentze
melodiis dakvra. zakir huseini pu-
Cinis cnobil Temas ukravs tablaze
Carlz loidis Sangam-ze, gaxsovT?
ah, zakir huseini! RvTaebrivi
musikosia! tabla ki erT-erTi yvelaze
daxvewili da rTuli instrumenti.
ai, aseTi rameebi iwvevs CemSi
musikis keTebis provocirebas.
aseT adamianebTan Sexvedra da maTi
musikis smena. me im kaciviT var,
sul raRacas rom eZebs da uecrad,
erT mSvenier dRes, moulodnelad
gadaawydeba raRac ideas an koncefcias.
aseT dros vxvdebi, rom
Cndeba Sansi, gamoxatvis Cemebur
saSualebas axali ferebi SevZino.
adamianebTan, sxva musikosebTan
Sexvedris drosac ase xdeba. ra-
Rac uxilavs iWer musikisadmi maT
midgomaSi da xvdebi, rom Tu erTad
muSaobis Sansi mogecemaT, marTlac
rom Rirebulis Seqmnas moaxerxebT.
aseTi Sexvedrebi azartuli TamaSiviTaa.
erTxel axseneT, rom spartanuli
garemo gizidavT _ mTebi, udabno, iaponuri
arqiteqtura. mere ki daamateT,
_ musika am yvelafris metaforaao.
ras gulisxmobdiT?
rogorc ukve vTqvi, saundis organizaciis
Cemeburi mcdelobaa mu
sikaSi gansakuTrebuli atmosferos
daZebna. me CaurasiasaviT ganwyobis
Semqmneli musikosi ufro var, vidre
ritmul struqturebze dayrdnobili
vinme kubeli virtuozi. Cemi
musika imis metaforaa, rac me mizidavs
_ gaSlili sivrceebis, udabnos,
da ase Semdeg. igive exeba e.w.
urbanul, industriul saundsac.
isic garkveul atmosferoze agebuli
musikaa. sxvaTa Soris, miuxedavad
Cemi mcdelobebisa, winaswar
gamovicno, Tu ramdenad Rirebuli
iqneba Sedegi, musikis keTebis procesSi
amas ver vaxerxeb. Cven xSirad
ar viciT, vin da ra varT, sanam Cvenive
Seqmnils gverdidan ar SevxedavT.
musikis keTebis procesSi,
ramdenad kargadac unda viyo mzad,
Sedegi, rogorc wesi, idumalebiTaa
moculi. es cxovrebasaviTaa. mTavari
am dros isaa, rom musikas SenSi
Semosvlis ufleba misce. zogjer
amas vaxerxeb, zogjer ki araferi
gamomdis.
qiT jareTi wamdauwum imeorebs,
rom musikosebis daniSnuleba araa
msmenelis garToba, Tqven ki, amas
winaT pier henrize, eleqtronuli
musikis erT-erT pionerze saubrisas
aRniSneT, rom is, musikosi ki ara,
maZiebeli ufroa. ra doziT xarT gamrTobi
da ra doziT _ maZiebeli?
henriviT mkvlevari namdvilad ar
var. vinaidan musikas msmenels vasmenineb,
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,
gamrTobic var. zogjer formebs
Segnebulad vcvli xolme, msmenelisaTvis
ufro saintereso rom
gavxado. es CemTvis problema araa.
msoflios yvela kuTxeSi miwevs gamosvla
da minda, rom adamianebma
kargad igrZnon Tavi am musikis mosmenisas.
meore mxriv, ra Tqma unda,
mec minda, jareTiviT SemeZlos erTi
da igive musikis ise dakvra wlebis
ganmavlobaSi, rom musikam xibli ar
dakargos. jareTs SeuZlia amis gake-
Teba. trios formatSi, lamis ocdaaT
welze metia, jaz-standartebs
ukravs erTi da imave musikosebTan
erTad da yoveli misi axali albomi
movlenaa. magram, sworad gamigeT,
is qiT jareTia! is geniosia, me ki
ar var geniosi. saerTod, mniSvnelovania
imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra
potencialis musikosi xar. me vici,
rom geniosi ar var da amitomac
mesaWiroeba garkveuli scenarebis
interviu
Seqmna musikis keTebisas. zogs geniosad
miaCnia Tavi, sinamdvileSi ki
mosawyen musikas akeTebs. samyaroSi
asobiT qiT jareTi araa. garSemo bevri
kargi pianistia da isini xSirad
karg musikasac ukraven, magram mainc
usmen da grZnob, rom es is musikaa,
erTxel ukve mosmenili rom gaqvs.
amitomac, mimaCnia, rom Tu musikosi
xvdeba, rom dakruls imeorebs, aucileblad
unda Secvalos midgoma
da sxva musikaluri formiT scados
sakuTari Tavis gamoxatva. aseTia
Cemi filosofia. uein SorTers na-
Tqvami aqvs, _ imisTvis, rom sakuTari
Tavi ipovo, Senive Tavis erTguli
unda darCe. gimeorebT, jareTi geniosia,
me ki _ ara.
ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia, jareTisnairi
musikosebic awydebian
problemebs, Tundac dakvrisas meqanikurobis
Tavidan asacileblad.
am bolo dros mas ara erTxel aRuniSnavs,
rom maSinve wyvets dakvras,
ra wamsac xvdeba, rom `komfortul~
zonaSi Seabija da xelebis meqanikuri
karnaxiT ukravs.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 96
cxeli Sokoladi 57
interviu
`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori
interviu erik moniosTan
avtori: qeTevan sadRobelaSvili
foto: levan xerxeuliZe
es `meore arxia~, oRond ara is,
kargad nacnobi `meore arxi~. es
arxi ukve politikuria da, mravalferovani
gadacemebis nacvlad,
arxze ZiriTadad politikosebi da
`ufro ZiriTadad~ opozicioneri
politikosebi arian gamagrebulebi,
erTgvari politikuri serialebiT,
anu, dRisiT _ brifingebiT,
preskonferenciebiT, saarCevno
Sexvedra-dapirebebiT da myvirala
gamosvlebiT. RamiT _ 17 kvalificiuri
partiisaTvis gankuTvnili,
xSirad monologebs Sewiruli `Tavisufali
tribuniT~... da es yvelaferi,
montaJis gareSe. am `meore
arxs~ Zalze mwiri teqnikuri SesaZleblobebi,
gavrcelebis SezRuduli
areali, gasul saukuneSi garemontebuli
ori oTaxi, 34 adamianze
gaTvlili yovelTviuri 31 000-lariani
biujeti da optimisturi
gegmebi aqvs, qarTuli politikuri
speqtrisaTvis miuwvdomeli sloganiT
_ emociidan azrovnebisaken!
es erik monioa, safrangeTis erovnuli
asambleis saparlamento arxis
(LCP-AN) generaluri mdivani. is
erTi kvira TanamSromlobda `meore
arxTan~ da xelmZRvanelobas
strategiisa da programirebis
principebis, adamianuri da teqnikuri
resursebis gansazRvraSi
exmareboda, arxis siduxWires ki
evropelisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
TavSekavebuli RimiliT uyurebda.
erik moniom safrangeTSi sakmaod
prestiJuli E.N.A-s administraciis
erovnuli saswavlebeli
da parizis politikur mecnierebaTa
instituti daamTavra. muSaobda
finansTa saministrosa da `re-
58 cxeli Sokoladi
nos~ saavtomobilo kompaniaSi. oci
wlis win gadawyvita, Tavi audiovizualur
sferoSi gamoecada, xelmZRvanelobda
solidur saprodiusero
jgufs, romelic mxatvrul
filmebs iRebda. monawileobda e.w
zRvis iqiTa mxaris qveynebis televiziebis
CamoyalibebaSi. polineziaSi
televiziis xelmZRvanelic
ki gaxldaT. mogvianebiT sakuTari
kompania Camoayaliba, romelic
dokumentur filmebs iRebda, amave
dros muSaobda ucxoeTSi franguli
produqciis eqsportsa da strategiis
SemuSavebaze. 2008 wlidan
safrangeTis erovnuli asambleis
saparlamento arxis erT-erTi
xelmZRvanelia. administrirebidan
audiovizualur sferoSi gadasvlis
interess erik monio imiT
xsnis, rom es aris sfero, sadac yvelaze
gaxsnili gonebaa saWiro.
zogadad, ramdenad efeqtiania sazogadoebrivi
televizia, rogoria
sazogadoebis ndobis xarisxi aseTi
arxebis mimarT, unda ifiqros Tu ara
sazogadoebrivma arxma konkurenciaze,
radgan komerciul arxebTan
konkurencia mainc pirobiTia. sazogadoebrivi
arxebi xom iseT produqciaze
muSaoben, romliTac kerZo
arxebi verc reitings moipoveben da
komerciisganac Sors iqnebian.
rogorc sazogadoebrivi televiziisTvis,
aseve saparlamento
arxisTvis mayureblis sakiTxi, ra
Tqma unda, specifikuria. ki vambobT,
rom mayurebelic da reitingic
Cveni mizania, magram arc mayureblis
raodenoba da arc reitingi
akviatebad ar unda gveqces.
interviu
cxeli Sokoladi 59
interviu
sazogadoebriv mauwyebels sami ZiriTadi funqcia aqvs. pirveli _ socialuri
kavSirebi daamyaros sazogadoebasTan, meore _ aamaRlos kulturis mniSvneloba da
moamzados gadacemebi kulturaze da mesame _ wavides riskze _ ecados, gaakeTos iseTi
gadacemebi, romlebis gakeTebac ar SeuZlia da arc unda kerZo arxs, radgan erideba
riskze wasvlas.
maSin, mizani ra aris? SesaZloa,
gkiTxon _ ra saWiroa iseTi gadacemebis
gakeTeba, romelsac aravin Sexedavs.
rasakvirvelia, sazogadoebrivi
arxic da Cveni tipis saparlamento
arxic, miuxedavad imisa, rom
specifikuria, yovelTvis fiqrobs
mayureblis mozidvaze da amis-
Tvis yvela saSualebas viyenebT _
igive komunikaciisa da presasTan
urTierTobis samsaxuri Cvens televiziaSi
Zalze mniSvnelovania.
Cveni saparlamento arxi gadascems
parlamentis sxdomebs, magram amave
dros yvelanairi tipis mayureblis
mosazidad vamzadebT sxvadasxva
Janris gadacemebs, dawyebuli Toq-
SouTi da SemecnebiTi gadacemebiT,
damTavrebuli dokumenturi filmebiT.
TamaSic ki gvaqvs, anu vcdilobT,
samizne jgufebi gvyavdes da
yovelmxriv davainteresoT mayurebeli.
Cemi azriT, sazogadoebriv
mauwyebels sami ZiriTadi funqcia
aqvs. pirveli _ socialuri kavSirebi
daamyaros sazogadoebasTan,
meore _ aamaRlos kulturis mniSvneloba
da moamzados gadacemebi
kulturaze da mesame _ wavides
riskze _ ecados, gaakeTos iseTi
gadacemebi, romlebis gakeTebac ar
SeuZlia da arc unda kerZo arxs,
radgan erideba riskze wasvlas da
iseTi `arapopularuli~ gadacemebis
gakeTebas, rogoricaa saganmanaTleblo,
SemecnebiTi da kulturuli.
marTalia, aseT gadacemebs
naklebi mayurebeli hyavs, magram
Sedegis TvalsazrisiT Zalze mniSvnelovania.
Tqven gainteresebdaT
sazogadoebis ndobis sakiTxi, safrangeTis
sazogadoebrivi televizia,
romelic ramdenime arxs
60 cxeli Sokoladi
aerTianebs, da Cveni saparlamento
arxic maRali xarisxis gadacemebs
amzadebs iseT Temebze, romliTac
yvela tipis mayurebeli interesdeba,
amitomac, mayureblis ndoba namdvilad
aris. CvenTan kerZo arxs TF
1-s yvelaze maRali reitingi aqvs,
TiTqmis 30 procentamde, magram safrangeTis
sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli,
romelic ramdenime arxs aer-
Tianebs, saboloo jamSi ufro met
reitings agrovebs, vidre TF 1-is
reitingia. aqve vityvi, rom ndobis
ganmsazRvreli aucilebeli faqtoria
sainformacio gamoSvebebi
da, rac mTavaria, pluralizmi. im
televizias, romelic pluralizms
icavs, reitingic maRali aqvs da
mudmivi mayurebelic hyavs. CvenTan
sazogadoebrivi arxebi ufro damoukideblebi
arian, vidre kerZo
arxebi da ufro meti Tavisufleba
gvaqvs, vidre maT.
ramdenadac vici, franguli saparlamento
arxis reitingi 0,5 procentia.
namdvilad 0,5 procentia, rac
imas niSnavs, rom mudmivad 300 000
kaci uyurebs Cvens arxs, zogjer
SeiZleba 100 000 uyurebdes da zogjer
milionze meti, magram statistikurad
mudmivi mayurebeli
300 000-mdea. sxvaTa Soris, `artes~
reitingic amdenivea.
arxis gavrcelebis areali rogoria?
safrangeTSi 40 milion mayurebels
SeuZlia saparlamento arxis
miReba. saqarTveloSi, ise rogorc
safrangeTSi, mayurebels ZiriTadad
gasarTobi programebi ainteresebs,
magram is reitingi, rac
Cveni tipis politikur arxs aqvs,
romelic kulturul da saganmanaTleblo
gadacemebsac amzadebs,
Zalian kargi monacemia. Cven internet
vebgverdic gvaqvs da xSirad
internetSi ufro meti gviyurebs,
vidre ekranze. es imiTacaa kargi,
rom internetSi roca ginda, maSin
naxav sasurvel gadacemas.
saSualo frangi mayurebeli ramdenad
interesdeba politikiT; Cven-
Tan, miuxedavad imisa, rom yoveli
meore adamiani politikas mniSvnelovnad
Tvlis, politikur procesebSi
garkveva umravlesobas mainc
uWirs.
frangebs, tradiciulad, uyvarT
politika, iSviaTad, rom garkveul
momentSi politikaze ar daiwyon
laparaki, magram Cveni samizne jgufebi
ufro metad axalgazrdebi da
is adamianebi arian, romlebsac naklebi
ganaTleba aqvT an TavianTi
gaunaTleblobis gamo uWirT politikuri
procesebis gageba _ swored
maTTvis mzaddeba gadacemebi
politikaze. amave mizniT SevqmeniT
TamaSi, romelic saganmanaTleblo
xasiaTisaa, TamaSis formiT vcdilobT
mayureblamde kanonebis mitanas.
Tqven daeswariT `meore arxis~
gadacemis `Tavisufali tribunis~
mimdinareobas pirdapir eTerSi da
naxeT Cveni politikosebi. Sedarebis
saxiT, rogoria politikosebis
Sinagani kulturis done.
mxolod erTi gadacema vnaxe da
Tavs uflebas ver mivcem, qarTveli
politikosebis kulturis doneze
vilaparako. rac Seexeba Cvens politikosebs,
zogadad, maTi kulturis
done sakmaod maRalia, vgulisxmob
politikur kulturas, ganaTlebas
da teqnikur kulturas, rac imas
niSnavs, rom kargad erkvevian soflis
meurneobaSi, iurisprudenciaSi
da sxva disciplinebSi, rac
gasakviri ar aris. Tavmdablurad
ar gamomdis, magram bevr maTgans is
instituti aqvs damTavrebuli, rac
_ me. gagikvirdebaT, magram Cveni
sazogadoeba xSirad sayvedurobs
maT, rom zedmetad profesionalebi
arian, anu erTi da igive adamianebi
sakmaod didxans arian igive
erovnul asambleaSi, eseni arian
yofili funqcionerebi da Cinovnikebi,
igive, profesorebi da, roca
sazogadoebis yvela fena ar aris
warmodgenili parlamentSi, swored
amas sayvedurobs sazogadoeba.
ki, magram ZiriTadi amomrCeveli
sazogadoebaa da es interesi arCevnebis
dros gaiTvaliswinos.
amomrCeveli warmodgenili kandidaturebidan
irCevs. roca yofili
funqcioneri xar da kandidaturas
meored wamoayeneb, dasakargi araferi
gaqvs. roca advokati xar da amave
dros 5 weliwadi deputati, Seni
`kantora~ mainc muSaobs, magram patara
sawarmos xelmZRvaneli 5 wlis
vadiT rom movides parlamentSi, es
sawarmo uimisod daiSleba da, roca
deputati aRar iqneba, SeiZleba usamsaxurod
darCes. amitom urCevnia,
Tavis sawarmos mixedos da parlamentze
uari Tqvas. albaT esaa imis
mizezi, rom erTi da igive adamianebi
xdebian deputatebi.
politikosebisa da mediis ur-
TierTobaze visaubroT. medias sazogadoebis
cnobierebaze Zalze
didi gavlena rom aqvs, aravin davobs.
cdiloben Tu ara frangi politikosebi
es gavlena saTavisod
gamoiyenon. dasamali ar aris, rom
CvenTan sazogadoebis didi nawili
sazogadoebriv mauwyebels saxelisuflebo
arxad Tvlis da erT-erT
Zlier administraciul resursad
miiCnevs.
umravlesobis warmomadgenlebs
yovelTvis surT, rom gaakontrolon
media, kerZo arxi iqneba es
Tu sazogadoebrivi, magram sazogadoebriv
mauwyebelSi saredaqcio
jgufisa da Jurnalistebis mxridan
Zlier winaaRmdegobas awydebian.
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis generalur
direqtors araviTar SemTxvevaSi
ar SeuZlia Tavis TanamSromlebs
miTiTeba misces _ ra gaakeTon,
raze ilaparakon da raze ara. msgavsi
mdgomareobaa CvenTanac. iSviaTad
aris zarebis SemTxvevebi,
magram vinc rekavs, araferi gamosdis,
radgan Jurnalistebi ar Tanxmdebian
gaakeTon is, rac TviTon ar
surT, amis maCvenebelia sazogadoebrivi
arxisadmi ndoba. roca saparlamento
arxis gadacemebs uyureb,
romelic aTi welia arsebobs, verasdros
ityvi, rom arxi an erT partias
miemxro, an meores. imis miuxedavad,
rom erovnuli asamblea asi
procentiT gvafinansebs, ar yofila
arc erTi SemTxveva, xelisufleba
Careuliyo Cvens saqmianobaSi an
raime daevalebinaT. amis magaliTia
Tundac Cveni arxis xelmZRvaneli,
romelic memarcxenea, magram roca
gadacema mihyavs, misi memarcxene
pozicia araferSi ar igrZnoba. erovnul
asambleaSi umravlesoba aris
memarjvene, magram Cveni xelmZRvaneli
daniSnulia e.w opoziciuri banakidan.
esec imaze metyvelebs, rom
Cvenze aranairi zewola ar aris.
ra rekomendacia geqnebaT Cveni
tipis qveynisTvis, rogor unda daicvan
Tavi Jurnalistebma politikosebis
zewolisgan?
CemTvis Zalze rTulia am ki-
Txvaze pasuxis gacema. albaT politikosebi
da Jurnalistebi unda
SeTanxmdnen imaze, rom sasikeTod
ganviTardes is procesebi, romelic
axla mimdinareobs. politikosebma
unda daicvan da pativi scen
Jurnalistebis damoukideblobas
da pluralizms.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 97
interviu
cxeli Sokoladi 61
diskusia
62 cxeli Sokoladi
diskusia
radikalizmi
dialogis magivrad
avtori: nino beqiSvili
monawileebi:
levan berZeniSvili
respublikuri partiis wevri
lela gafrindaSvili
filosofosi
nato zazaSvili
fsiqologi da wminda ninos saxelobis eklesiis mRvdelmsaxuri
vaxuSti menabde
iuristi
mama vladimer vaxtangaZe
konfliqti, romlis kulminaciac telekompania `kavkasiaSi~ momxdari Cxubi iyo, wlebis win daiwyo da perio-
dulobiT iCens xolme Tavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom moCxubrebi daapatimres, daZabuloba isev rCeba _ dapiris-
pirebul mxareTa Soris, romlTaganac erTni gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas da sxvadasxva umciresobebis uflebebs
icaven, xolo meoreni religiuri grZnobebis Seuracxyofaze saubroben da miznis misaRwevad Zaladobas ar
eridebian. dialogi ver Sedga.
dRes ukve iuristebi da politikosebi msjeloben, Seitanon Tu ara cvlilebebi kanonmdeblobaSi, romlebic
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas religiuri grZobebis sasargeblod SezRudavs.
ram gamoiwvia es konfliqti, ratom mimarTaven adamianebi Zaladobas, ra pozicia aqvs eklesias _ am sakiTxebis
garkvevas diskusiaze SevecadeT.
nino beqiSvili: ra SeiZleba iyos religiuri eqstremizmis
mizezebi, rogor movediT aqamde?
levan berZeniSvili: es ar aris martivi ambavi.
aqamde mivediT imitom, rom kanonebi da deklarirebuli
Rirebulebebi erTi mimarTulebiT midis,
sazogadoebrivi cxovreba ki _ sxva mxares. sazogadoeba
xSirad sajarod acxadebda, rom kanoni ar
aris mniSvnelovani, rom arsebobs iseTi ram, rac
kanonze maRla dgas. magaliTad, Tuki samSoblos
interesebi moiTxovs, SeiZleba kanoni dairRves.
aseTi ram sxvadasxva konfesiis warmomadgenlTa an
konfesiaTa uarmyofelTa mxridan araerTxel Tqmula.
aqamde mivediT imitom, rom Cven varT principulad
CamorCenili da gaunaTlebeli sazogadoeba.
yvelam SesaniSnavad icis, rom teritoriuli mTlianobis
garda, arsebobs sxva Rirebulebebic, magram
roca saqarTvelos xeliusflebam wamoiwyo brZola
teritoriuli mTlianobis aRsadgenad, sazogadoebis
didma nawilma Tqva: mere ra, Tu irRveva kanoni,
mTavaria aRdges teritoriuli mTlianoba. Cemi
azriT, aq aris ZiriTadi problema. me am yvelafers
Zalian pirobiT da gacveTil saxels varqmev, rasac
aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs mis Tavdapirvel mniSvnelobasTan,
magram kargad gamoxatavs Cveni sazogadoebis
axlandel mdgomareobas _ es farisevlobaa.
sazogadoeba acxadebs erTs, akeTebs meores da fiqrobs
mesames. es ar aris martivi problema. magaliTad,
saqarTvelos prezidenti erT-erTi Zalian
aqtiuri moqalaqea eklesiaSi. mas SeuZlia ambionze
sityva warmoTqvas, patriarqi gverdze gawios. Cven
patriarqs amis bedi aqvs _ maxsovs irakli wereTelmac
gverdze gawia Tavis droze. yvelam icis, ranairi
aRmsarebeli da qristiania saakaSvili, magram
iTvleba, raxan prezidentia, amitom marTlmorwmune
qristiani unda iyos. farisevloba bevrgan Cans.
vambobT, rom codna CvenTvis Zalian Rirebulia da
am dros maswavleblis xelfasi, mebadurTa xelfas-
Tan erTad, yvelaze naklebanazRaurebadia mTel sabiujeto
sistemaSi. sazogadoebaSi ar aris gulwrfeloba
da xalxi ar akeTebs imas, rasac fiqrobs.
kanoni dasustda da yovelTvis, roca kanoni sustdeba,
pirvelyofili instinqtebi wamoyofen xolme
Tavs. instinqti martivia: me marTali var, Sen _
mtyuani, ucxo ar varga da a. S
nino beqiSvili: mama vladimer, Tqven ukve gamoxvediT
`kavkasiis~ eTerSi da erTxel ukve TqviT,
rom im Zaladobriv meTodebs, romelsac mimarTavda
`marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiri~ da `saxalxo
marTlmadidebluri moZraoba~, qristianobasTan
diskusia
aranairi saerTo da kavSiri ar aqvs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom incidentis Semdeg amdeni dRe gavida,
oficialurad sapatriarqos gancxadeba ar gauke-
Tebia. patriarqis mier mama daviT isakaZis dajildoeba
sazogadoebis nawilma ise aRiqva, TiTqos
sapatriarqo miesalmeba brZolis aseT meTodebs.
ramdenad erTiania qarTuli samRvdeloeba? aris
Tu ara is mzad imisTvis, rom Zaladobrivi meTodebi
dagmos?
mama vladimeri: yvelanairi Zaladoba, visi mxridanac
unda modiodes, dasagmobia. ver getyviT,
incidentis provocireba vin moaxdina, `marTlmadidebel
mSobelTa kavSirma~, malxaz gulaSvilis
Tanamoazreebma, Tu e.w. liberalebma, romlebic iq
isxdnen. es ar vici, magram Zaladoba rom yovlad
miuRebelia, es calsaxad unda iTqvas. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesia yovelTvis iyo, dResac
aris da iqneba yvelanairi Zaladobis mowinaaRmdege.
rac Seexeba dekanoz daviT isakaZis dajildoebas,
mama daviTi araerTi welia, qarTuli eklesiis
msaxuria. calsaxad nu vityviT, rom is konfliqtebis
monawilea. me ar vici, TviTon ramdenad monawileobda
am incidentSi.
nino beqiSvili: arsebobs videomasala, sadac Cans,
rom swored mama daviTi aZlevda davalebebs `mar-
Tlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris~ wevrebs.
mama vladimeri: ara mgonia, mama daviTma vinmeze
miuTiTos, _ scemeTo. ara marto mama daviTma, aramed
_ nebismierma mRvdelma. es miuRebelia nebismieri
adamianisgan da miT umetes _ sasuliero pirisgan.
dekanozi daviT isakaZe, rogorc giTxariT,
ukve ramdenime welia, eklesiis samsaxurSia da mas
eklesiisTvis bevri sikeTe aqvs motanili. araer-
Ti eklesia aaSena Tu ganaaxla, mravali adamiani
moiyvana eklesiaSi da vfiqrob, is am damsaxurebis
gaTvaliswinebiT daajildoves.
nino beqiSvili: rodis xdeba Zaladoba SesaZlebeli?
ra kvebavs Zaladobas?
lela gafrindaSvili: Zaladoba SesaZlebelia
maSin, rodesac is ar ganiSifreba, anu ar aris
msjeloba am socialur movlenaze. eqstremizmi,
fundamentalizmi, Seuwynarebloba, qsenofobia SesaZlebelia
mxolod im sazogadoebaSi, sadac ar
aris SexedulebaTa pluralizmi da sadac radikalizacia
xdeba. erTi mxriv, arsebobs ukiduresad
liberaluri azri da meore mxriv _ ukiduresad fa-
cxeli Sokoladi 63
diskusia
natikuri Sexedulebebi. SuaSi ki araferia. magram
or radikalur azrs Sorisac ar moxdeboda Sejaxeba,
rom iyos am Sexedulebebze, mosazrebebze mudmivi
msjeloba da sazogadoebas hqondes saSualeba,
mousminos sxvadasxva Tvalsazriss, mousminos yvelas
da sakuTar Tavs daujeros. Tuki demokratiis,
liberalizmis evropul istorias gadavxedavT, vnaxavT,
rom iyo raRac warmodgenebi, Semdeg Cndeboda
maTi sapirispiro ideebi da swored sapirispiros
gaCenis Semdeg Cndeboda qveynebis da Sexedulebebis
ganviTarebas SesaZlebloba. stagnacias swored
alternatiuli azrebis ararseboba iwvevs. magram
Tu gadavxedavT Cveni sazogadoebis ganviTarebis
istorias, vTqvaT _ damoukideblobidan dRemde,
sul sxva suraTi dagvxvdeba _ aq TiTqmis yovel-
mama vladimer vaxtangaZe
aravin ambobs, rom quCaSi vinme unda
daviWiroT, an vinmes rame avukrZaloT.
am yvelafers sityviT da yvela im
berketiT unda davupirispirdeT, rac
eklesias aqvs xelT. eklesiis Zala
sityvaa. Cven, sasuliero pirebi da
yvela is adamiani, vinc Tavs eklesiis
wevrad Tvlis, maqsimalurad unda
SevecadoT, msgavs sibinZures win
aRvudgeT, oRond _ yovelnairi
Zaladobis gareSe.
Tvis batonobda erTi Sexeduleba, romelzec unda
yofiliyo sworeba. sxvadasxva institucia mudmivad
amisaken mogviwodebs: an mmarTveli partia, an
eklesia, an vinme inteleqtuali ambobda, rom misi
azri erTaderTi da xelTuqmnelia. ar vmsjelobdiT
da arc axla vmsjelobT. me ar maxsovs arc
erTi sajaro diskusia Temaze, aris Tu ara gamoxatvis
Tavisufleba konfliqtSi saxelmwifo samar-
Tlis raRac dokumentTan, an religiis kanonebTan.
diskusiis ararseboba mniSvnelovani xarvezia.
64 cxeli Sokoladi
nino beqiSvili: gavixsenoT is meTodebi, rasac
Cveni xelisufleba pirvel wlebSi iyenebda, roca
Cven yoveldRe teleeTeriT vuyurebdiT teleda-
Werebs _ roca adamianebs sakuTrebas arTmevdnen,
roca Zalis gadametebiT daiWires basil mkalaviSvili
da a. S. Cven SeveCvieT Zaladobis cqeras.
amgvari telemedia da amgvari ganwyobebi uxsnis Tu
ara gzas, zogadad, moZaladeebs?
nato zazaSvili: 9 apriliT rom daviwyoT da gamovyveT,
vnaxavT, ramdeni konfliqti moxda. Cven
samoqalaqo omi da araerTi eTnokonfliqti gadavitaneT
da iqidan moyolebuli Zaladoba yoveldRiuri
cxovrebis Semadgeneli nawili gaxda. bolo
wlebis movlenebs am procesis nawilad aRviqvam.
me, rogorc profesionals _ fsiqologs, mawuxebs
is, Tu rogori damokidebulebiT, intonaciiT
xdeba urTierTobis garkveva. makvirvebs sazogadoebis
mzadyofna, momentalurad Seqmnas mtris
xati. SeiZleba raRacas ar eTanxmebode, Sinaganad
agresiac gagiCndes, magram es ar niSnavs, rom xeli
unda vkraT adamians. rac unda xdebodes, yovel-
Tvis SeiZleba pirobiTad, Seni mowinaaRmdege mainc
Sen gverdiT datovo. amis magaliTia mSoblis da
Svilis urTierToba, rodesac maT Soris konfliqtia.
iSviaTad xdeba, rom dedam Svili napralis
iqiT gadatyorcnos. Tu amis gakeTeba sakuTar
SvilebTan SegviZlia, sxvis SvilebTanac unda SevZloT.
rodesac konfliqtur situaciaSi myof
col-qmarTan vmuSobT, pirveli win gadadgmuli
nabijia, rodesac urTierTdabralebis terminebidan
vaxerxebT da saubari mizezebis Ziebisken migvyavs.
es advili ar aris, gansakuTrebiT, roca
saqme bavSvebs exebaT. zogjer mSoblebi bavSvebs
iseT mZime pirobebSi amyofeben, rom SeiZleba Sinaganad
Zalian agresiuli damokidebuleba mqondes
mSoblis mimarT, magram amas arasdros gamovxatav.
roca adamiani mrisxanebaSia, xdeba cnobierebis
Seviwroeba, fokusi viwrovdeba, xedav marto erT
wertils da goneba blokirebulia, moqmedeb mxolod
impulsebiT da kontrols aRar eqvemdebarebi.
ojaxSi Zaladoba da saerTod Zaladoba erTmaneTs
hgavs. ojaxSi Sexla-Semoxla xdeba col-qmars Soris,
amas bavSvi xedavs. saRamos ki yvela televizorTan
jdeba da uyreben, magaliTad, 7 noembris
kadrebs. amiT isini dasturs iReben, rom maTi saqcieli
gamarTlebulia: saxelmwifo, romlis xelSicaa
Zalaufleba _ moZaladea. mozardi meore dRes
quCaSi gadis, Tan dana udevs jibeSi da aravin ar
aris mis gverdiT, vinc daelaparakeba. mgonia, amaze
unda vifiqroT _ ras fiqroben, ra stkivaT, ra
moswonT am bavSvebs. maT daxmareba sWirdebaT, rom
moZaladeebad ar iqcnen.
lela gafrindaSvili: Cven ramdenime tipis kanons
vemorCilebiT. erTi mxriv aris religiuri kanoni,
meore mxriv _ civilizebuli, anu samoqalaqo kanonebi,
romelsac unda davemorCiloT, rogorc am qveynis
moqalaqeebi. CvenSi isev Zlieria adaT-wesobrivi
samarTali. Cvens cxovrebaSi did rols asrulebs
e.w. tradiciuli normebi, romelsac maincdamainc
did winaRmdegobas ver vuwevT. amave dros 1994
wlidan saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqti
gaxda. Tu Cven varT sekularuli saxelmwifo
da gvinda civilizebuli samyaros nawilad viqceT,
maSin unda vaRiaroT, rom yvela sxva samarTalTan
mimarTebaSi, primati saerTaSoriso samarTals aqvs.
nino beqiSvili: qarTveli mosamarTleebi saqmeebis
ganxilvisas iSviTad mimarTaven saerTaSoriso
samarTals.
lela gafrindaSvili: xSirad maT isic ar ician,
rom saerTaSoriso samarTals primati aqvs. amis
garda, saerTaSoriso samarTliT garantirebuli
uflebebi bevr moqalaqes, saxelmwifo moxeles, politikoss
Tu sasuliero pirs gacnobierebuli ar
aqvs da ar esmis, rom amis gareSe qveyana, sadac
vcxovrobT, ver gaxdeba civilizebuli da ver ganvviTardebiT.
nino beqiSvili: erekle deisaZis wigni, savaraudod,
mxolod sababi iyo. konfliqti ar dawyebula
guSin. bolo wlebis manZilze garkveuli sixSiriT
amgvari SemTxvevebi xdeboda. Tuki vaRiarebT saqarTvelos
konstitucias da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobas,
romelic icavs Cveni gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas,
maSin ra unda vqnaT? arseboben adamianebi,
romlebic amboben, rom wignebi unda aikrZalos, kanonmdebloba
gadaixedos da a. S.
levan berZeniSvili: es martivi saqme ar aris. deisaZes
aqvs ufleba, weros, rac unda. rac Seexeba am
organizacias da mis Zaladobas _ qalbatonma natom
ojaxur Zaladobaze isaubra, magram organizebuli
Zaladoba gansxvavdeba erTi piris Zaladobisgan.
koleqtiur Zaladobas aqvs erTi Tavisebureba. am
Taviseburebas kacobrioba gaecno iseTi formiT,
rom mere Sercxva da warmoudgeneli dokumenti
dado 1948 wlis 10 dekembers. dRes `adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias~ veravin ver
dawers da ar arsebobs saxelmwifo, romelic mas
dRes miiRebda. yvela religiuri konfesia ewinaaRmdegeba
am dokuments, es normaluricaa, asec unda
iyos. es deklaracia yvelaferze maRla dadga swored
imitom, rom misma Semqmnelebma warmoudgeneli
sisastike naxes.
lela gafrindaSvili
diskusia
erTi mxriv, arsebobs ukiduresad
liberaluri azri da meore
mxriv _ ukiduresad fanatikuri
Sexedulebebi. SuaSi ki araferia.
Tuki demokratiis, liberalizmis
evropul istorias gadavxedavT,
vnaxavT, rom iyo raRac warmodgenebi,
Semdeg Cndeboda maTi sapirispiro
ideebi da swored sapirispiros
gaCenis Semdeg Cndeboda qveynebis
da Sexedulebebis ganviTarebas
SesaZlebloba.
Zaladoba Zaladobas warmoSobs. Cven amdeni xania,
vuyurebT sxva qveynebSi amas. Tu israeli Zaladobs,
maSin arabebi afeTqeben da Tu arabebi afeTqeben,
maSin israeli Zaladobs. es ar damTavrdeba,
vidre ar moiZebneba raime formula. Cven sazogadoebas
komunisturi ideologia moaxvies Tavs. vinc
ar eTanxmeboda, imas mixedavdnen. naxevarma qveyanam
daxoca qveynis meore naxevari. komunistebis dros
Cven gamovtoveT ganviTarebis faza, CamovrCiT.
xolo Cven, qarTvelebi, vinaidan ar vflobdiT saerTo
saxelmwifos 800 wlis ganmavlobaSi, gansaku-
Trebulad CamovrCiT _ ufro metad, vidre baltiis
qveynebi.
saqarTveloSi gaCnda moTxovna `erTze~. magali-
Tad, moiTxoven, gaerTiandes mTeli opozicia.
naTelia, vinc amas iTxovs, is xval gcems, imitom,
rom is `erTs~ iTxovs. erTisadmi aseTi brma rwmenaa,
moiTxoven, rom mTeli nacia erTis garSemo Seikras,
yvelas unda hqondes erTi azri, yvelas unda
ecvas ase, yvela unda iyos aseTi. me gansakuTrebiT
momewona, roca axalgazrda axalgazrdas uxsnida,
ra unda Caicvas.
nino beqiSvili: saqarTvelo TandaTan xdeba Tanamedrove
msoflios nawili da am pirobebSi eklesia
ver iqneba erTaderTi azrTa mpyrobeli, rogorc
cxeli Sokoladi 65
diskusia
_ bevri saukunis manZilze. Tu aris eklesiaSi dialogi
imis Sesaxeb, ra gamowvevebis winaSe dgas dRes
eklesia Tanamedrove samyaroSi? es ar aris marto
qarTuli eklesiis problema. amave dilemis winaSe
albaT bevri sxva religiuri organizaciac dgas.
mama vladimeri: eklesia ar aris marto ierarqebi,
arc marto mrevli. es erTi mTlianobaa. ra Tqma
nato zazaSvili
me, rogorc profesionals _
fsiqologs, mawuxebs is, Tu rogori
damokidebulebiT, intonaciiT
xdeba urTierTobis garkveva.
makvirvebs sazogadoebis mzadyofna,
momentalurad Seqmnas mtris xati.
SeiZleba raRacas ar eTanxmebode,
Sinaganad agresiac gagiCndes,
magram es ar niSnavs, rom xeli unda
vkraT adamians. rac unda xdebodes,
yovelTvis SeiZleba pirobiTad, Seni
mowinaaRmdege mainc Sen gverdiT
datovo.
unda, saqarTvelos eklesia axali gamowvevebis winaSe
dgas, es bunebrivia. magram rac brZaneT, rom
istoriis manZilze eklesia iyo azrTa erTaderTi
mpyrobeli, mTlad ase ar yofila. eklesia yovel-
Tvis cdilobda da dResac cdilobs, rom sazogadoeba
iyos jansaRi. ar vici, Tu vinme fiqrobs, rom
homoseqsualebi da aseTi ukuRmarTobebi sijansa-
Ris maxasiaTebelia, amas marTlmadidebeli eklesia,
me marTlmadidebelTa saxeliT vsaubrob, ver
Seegueba. ar mgonia, rom muslimebi da iudevelebi
amas gagebiT Sexvdnen. es arabunebrivia da xSirad
es adamianebi, ufro metad moZaladeebi arian. deisaZes
da mis msgavsebs vgulisxmob. gvikiJineben, _
amis ufleba gvaqvso. ki batono, Cven aravis sawer
magidasTan ar vusxedvarT, da veravis vukrZala-
66 cxeli Sokoladi
vT da arc avukrZalavT, imitom rom yvelas Tavisi
azri aqvs; magram Semdeg am wignebs did propagandas
uweven da reklamas ukeTeben.
nino beqiSvili: erekle deisaZis wigns reklama
swored im kampaniam gauwia, rac mis sawinaaRmdegod
aagores.
mama vladimeri: SeiZleba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
niRbiT sxva adamianis, an adamianTa jgufis religiur
Tu moralur Rirebulebebs Seuracxyofa
mivayenoT? cema-tyepa calsaxad miuRebelia, amaze
ar aris saubari, magram aris institutebi, maT Soris
saqarTveloSic, romlebic mizanmimarTulad
uweven propagandas aRviraxsnilobas. ratom ar xdeboda
amgvari ram Svidi, rva, aTi wlis winaT? maSin
ar iyvnen saqarTveloSi homoseqsualebi? eklesia
da yvela moralurad mdgradi organizacia, iqneba
es religiuri Tu sxva, ver Seegueba, Tvisobrivad
ver miiRebs da ver waaxalisebs amoralurobas.
nino beqiSvili: internetis epoqaSi uxamsobisgan,
Zaladobisgan, pornografiisgan aravinaa daculi.
saqarTveloSi irans ver SevqmniT. iranSi msgavsi
araferi iwereba. vinc dawers, maSinve Tavs moWrian
an CamoaxrCoben.
mama vladimeri: aravin ambobs, rom quCaSi vinme
unda daviWiroT, an vinmes rame avukrZaloT. am
yvelafers sityviT da yvela im berketiT unda davupirispirdeT,
rac eklesias aqvs xelT. eklesiis
Zala sityvaa. Cven, sasuliero pirebi da yvela is
adamiani, vinc Tavs eklesiis wevrad Tvlis, maqsimalurad
unda SevecadoT, msgavs sibinZures win
aRvudgeT, oRond _ yovelnairi Zaladobis gareSe.
erovnuli Rirebulebebi unda davicvaT Tu ara?
unda davicvaT Tu ara zogadsakacobrio moraluri
Rirebulebebi? amazea saubari. gvikiJineben, _
Tqven ar unda daicvaT, da Cven es yvelaferi unda
vnergoTo. ase ar SeiZleba.
lela gafrindaSvili: unda SevTanxmdeT, ra meTodebiT
vicavT Rirebulebebs. cxadia, eklesias aqvs
ufleba, raRac ar moewonos da amaze isaubros.
mama vladimeri: eklesia adamianTa erTobaa, is
cocxali organizmia. roca misTvis wmidaTawmidas
Seuracxyofen, cota Znelia TavSekaveba. TavSekaveba
im gagebiT, rom mere sapasuxo agresia ar wamovides.
pirveli agresori Seuracxmyofelia, magali-
Tad _ deisaZe. viRacebi adamianis moralur mxareze
Zaladoben. eklesiis cneba, iciT, ra gaxlavT? erT
loyaSi rom gagartyamen, meore unda miuSviro.
srulyofis gzaze unda midiode. Tuki pirovnebebs
rame eSlebaT, amaSi eklesia damnaSave ar aris.
eklesia aris saxareba da wmida werili. eklesia ar
aris viRac cdomili pirovneba. ase iyo saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi. qristianoba gvaswavlis, _ giyvardes
Seni mteri da ulocevdiT mawyevarTa TqvenTao.
levan berZeniSvili: raSi sWirdeba saqarTvelos,
Cvens qveyanas, mis sazogadoebas `marTlmadidebel
mSobelTa kavSiri~? seriozulad vkiTxulob.
gulaSvili rom ar gvWirdeba, es ukve `marTlmadidebel
mSobelTa kavSirmac~ icis. es kavSiri ras
akeTebs? eklesias rame funqcia aklia, da eseni avseben?
Tu es eklesiis komkavSiria? aseTi moZaladeebi
komkavSirlebi iyvnen. Cems axalgazrdobaSi
eklesiaSi Sesvlas komunisturi partiis wevrebi ki
ar gvikrZalavdnen, aramed _ komkavSirlebi. vTvli,
rom damnaSavea sazogadoeba, romelic ambobs, _
mere ra, iyos cota moeqstremisto organizaciebico.
me arasamTavrobo organizaciis xelmZRvaneli
viyavi wlebis ganmavlobaSi, vicnob am seqtors da
minda vikiTxo, _ riTi arsebobs `marTlmadidebel
mSobelTa kavSiri~?! am sferos kargad vicnob da
vici, SemosawiriT ver iarsebebs arc erTi organizacia,
e.i. sponsori hyavT, romelic dafarulia,
rac imas niSnavs, rom gamWvirvale ar aris. is finansebi,
romlebic gamWvirvale ar aris, ar miekuTvneba
samoqalaqo sazogadoebas. mafiac samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis wevri iqneboda, finansebis xarjva da
is brZanebebi, romlebic gaicema, gamWvirvale rom
iyos.
nato zazaSvili: erTia, roca viRac akontrolebs,
viRac afinansebs, magram es damfinanseblebi, rogorc
wesi, noyier niadags pouloben adamianebSi,
romlebic gulwrfelad ijereben, gulwrfelad
mihyvebian maT. vfiqrob, Cveni sazogadoeba mZime
krizisSia. ukanasknel ocwleulSi marto politikuri,
ekonomikuri, socialuri krizisi ki ar iyo,
aramed iyo kulturuli, moraluri, fsiqologiuri
_ yvelanairi krizisi. SeiZleba esec iyos imis mizezi,
rom viRac wers da mimarTavs TviTgamoxatvis
aseT mZafr formas. viRacas aseTi reaqcia aqvs da
Tvlis, rom es misaRebia, unda rom iyviros, xmamaRla
gamoxatos protesti. adamianis aseTi sulieri
mdgomareoba yuradRebamisaqcevia. es SemTxveviT
ar xdeba. ar vgulisxmob, rom CemTan movidnen da
me fsiqoTerapiis kurss Cavutareb. eklesias Zalian
didi resursi aqvs da mgoni, SeuZlia, gamoiyenos
sazogadoebis sasargeblod.
levan berZeniSvili: erTi ram unda vTqva deisa-
Zis dasacavad. deisaZe Semcdaria da, ramdenadac me
levan berZeniSvili
aqamde mivediT imitom, rom kanonebi
da deklarirebuli Rirebulebebi
erTi mimarTulebiT midis,
sazogadoebrivi cxovreba ki _
sxva mxares. sazogadoeba xSirad
sajarod acxadebda, rom kanoni ar
aris mniSvnelovani, rom arsebobs
iseTi ram, rac kanonze maRla
dgas. magaliTad, Tuki samSoblos
interesebi moiTxovs, SeiZleba kanoni
dairRves.
vici, eklesia unda loculobdes deisaZisTvis, rom
man swori gza ipovos. `marTlmadidebel mSobelTa
kavSiri~ ki ar loculobs, aramed scems deisaZes.
figuralurad vambob, piradad is ver moixelTes.
esaa gansxvaveba. arc imis mjera, rom eklesia viRacas
ubrZanebs, adamianebi scemon. `marTlmadidebel
mSobelTa kavSiris~ wevrebi darwmunebulebi arian,
rom locvas Zala ar aqvs da eklesiac uZluria,
amitomac scemen. rac Seexeba baton isakaZes, Cemi
azriT, is aSkarad xulignuri qvena grZnobiT karnaxobda
universitetTan, vin unda gaelaxaT da vin _
ara. aq eklesia arafer SuaSi ar aris. ubralod, im
monetSi mas anafora ar ecva, man qriste ar Seimosa.
mama vladimeri: me ar minaxavs es.
diskusia
levan berZeniSvili: rom vnaxe, imitom geubnebiT.
piradad iq ar vyofilvar, magram mere vuyure. mTel
msoflios aqvs saSualeba, `iuTubze~ es kadrebi naxos,
sadac Cans, rom isakaZe warmarTavda Zaladobas.
namdvilad konteqstidan amoglejili aRmoCnda
dajildoeba. is, marTalia, sxva ramis gamo moxda,
magram es ambebi unda gaeTvaliswinebinaT. sajarod
keTilad ar unda moexseniebinaT kaci, romelic,
yvelam vnaxeT, ra procesebsac warmarTavda.
cxeli Sokoladi 67
esei
isev birsi gamaxsenda
avtori: aka morCilaZe
axla gamaxsenda, swored rom samocdaaTian wlebSi iyo
wignebis aseTi seria, albaT erT-erTi yvelaze kargi da
moqnili seria im droSi da erqva `erTi moTxroba~.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wignebi arc iyo, aramed patara,
Txeli rveulebi, momcro zomisa. TiTo rveulSi, mwerlis
TiTo moTxroba iyo, isinic albaT sxvadasxva zomisa.
ydas feradi zoli gasdevda, romelzedac TeTrad
ewera saTauri. ydis marcxena kuTxeSi mwerlis foto
iyo, rogorc wesi, Zalian retuSirebuli da mixatulmoxatuli.
etyoba im droSi an Wirda an ra vici, xerxebi
ar iyo fotos sufTad dabeWdvisa.
fotos qveS ki mwerlis gvari da saxeli ewera. marjvena
zeda kuTxeSi ki seriis logo iyo, gaSlili gragnili
da zed kalami, iqave warwera, `erTi moTxroba~.
ar vici ra mizeziT da es wignakebi blomad gvqonda.
etyoba mamaCemi yidulobda xolme, xels gamoayolebda.
cxadia, Zalian iafi wignakebi iyo, Cemi varaudiT, ase
oci kapiki eRireboda. albaT arc iyo gaTvlili didx-
68 cxeli Sokoladi
amroz birsi
ans Sesanaxad da arc Semonaxula, razec gvarianad mwydeba
guli, bolomde mqonda erTi da mere aRar vici
sad wavida.
qarTveli mwerlebisa am seriaSi erTi moTxroba
maxsovs, guram gegeSiZisa. gvarianad SemaSina am
moTxrobam. albaT imitom rom patara viyavi, xom ici,
Tan rom mogewoneba da Tan rom SegeSindeba. marTla Zalian
patara viyavi imis sakiTxavad. ufro ki ucxoelebi
maxsovs.
iq iyo trumen kapotes `bavSvebi dabadebis dReze~,
simenonis `Ria fanjara~, Tu raRac aseTi, hemingueis
`kilimanjaros Tovliani mTa~ da ambroz birsis `SemTxveva
Wotiswylis xidze~.
simenoni im fotoze ratomRac fernandels hgavda,
heminguei zangiviT iyo da iRimoda rogorc arasdros
gauRimia da kapote iyureboda sadRac, SoreTSi.
saqme marTlac eg aris, rom CemTvis arasdros uTqvams
vinmes, es waikiTxe da es ar waikiTxoo, rogorRac
egre gamovida. raRacas ki mirCevdnen es waikiTxeo, ro
gorc bavSvebs urCeven xolme, magram amas jerjerobiT
nu miadgebio aravis uTqvams. hoda, egre gamovida, rom
`kilimanjaros Tovliani mTa~ dRemde ar wamikiTxavs.
ar wamikiTxavs rogor, maxsovs rom gadakeTebulSi gregori
peki TamaSobs da im films hefi endi aqvs, Torem
momkali da odesme wamakiTxe eg wigni. ise, vTvli, rom
wakiTxuli maqvs, imitom rom im seriaSi wavikiTxe. ra
Tqma unda, bevri veraferi gavige da dRemde darwmunebuli
var, rom saukeTeso am moTxrobaSi misi epigrafia.
anu Semdgomi ambavi saWiro aRar aris. im kai
kacs SeeZlo yinulebSi moxvedril leopardze daewera,
oRondac maSin ufro adamianebze wera iyo modaSi da
ara ambebze. ase iyo, Tu ise, im wignze ki guli aRar
mimivida.
simenonze mivxvdi, rom iyo iq raRac mouxelTebeli
da ostaturi. maSin eg sityva ar vicodi, rasakvirvelia.
oRond, ratomRac maxsovs is dRe, roca am moTxrobas
vkiTxulobdi da Tan samzareulos fanjridan viyurebodi.
kargi amindi iyo, SabaTi, da albaT ukve gviani
gazafxuli. mere raRac kargi moxda. kargi ra, sasiamovno.
nametania, Svidi wlis rom xar da am wignebs ar
gamogarTmeven xelidan. albaT imitom vkiTxulobdi,
rom saqme da gasarTobi araferi mqonda da ezoSic ar
gamiSves. ras gaugeb.
kapote Tavidanve uarvyavi, ar vici ratom, albaT
saTauri ar momewona. xoda, maxsovs, rogor wavikiTxe
birsi.
am wignakebidan, birsis wignaki erTaderTi iyo,
romelsac avtoris foto ar amSvenebda. etyoba ver
iSoves, arsad iyo sabWoTa sawigne SesanaxebSi da arc
is vici, birsis wignebi gamoicemoda Tu ara sabWoTa
kavSirSi xSirad.
birsis fotos nacvlad wigns amSvenebda sibneleSi,
Sav siluetebad mavali kaci da kaktusi.
moTxrobas ki, rogorc mogaxseneT, erqva `SemTxveva
Wotiswylis xidze~.
gavigJdi ra. eg ro wavikiTxe gavgiJdi. ise damwyda
guli da ise avReldi.
iq egeTi ambavia, rom kaci unda CamoaxrCon jariskacebma
da TiTqos es kaci gadarCeba, ReleSi gacuravs,
mere ki irkveva, rom es mxolod misi fiqrebi yofila
CamoxrCobis dros. aba, guli ar gagiskdeba?
CamoxrCobis ambisa maSin vicodi, rom ZiriTadad
udanaSauloebs CamoaxrCoben xolme. ratomRac kinoebSi
sakmaod xSirad Canda CamoxrCobebi da sikvdiliT
dasjebi. ZiriTadad revolucionerebs CamoaxrCobdnen
xolme da isinic gmirulad CamoexrCobodnen.
rogorc maxsovs, am CamoxrCobebis ambebi kinoebiT
didad ar moqmedebda, radgan iq didad ar Canda rom
vinme, Tundac CamosaxrCobi, didad winaaRmdegia am ambisa.
iq Canda, rom is imdenad mamacia, rom Tavis aRsasruls
rwmeniTa da RirsebiT xvdeba, Tumca icis rom es
didi usamarTlobaa.
esei
am moTxrobaSi ki kaci dasawyisidanve gadarCenis gegmas
awyobda.
Tumca, saqme egec ar iyo, rom aq Tavgadasavlis ambavi
iyo saintereso. saqme ferebi iyo, rogorc axla
vxvdebi. rogor iyo es yvelaferi aRwerili. vaaax…
aba ramdeni wlis mere Sevityve, rom birsi pure inglisuris
ostati iyo da Cans, es qarTul TargmanSic
gadmohyoloda.
Tan es yvelaferi, razec is mogiTxrobda, sruliad
ucxo da axali iyo, ubralod qalebis da kacebis ambavi
ki ar iyo, kidev raRac meti. kaci iyo samxreTeli
plantatori, jariskacebi _ Crdiloelebi da imitom
axrCobdnen, rom man swored am Wotiswylis xidis dangreva
gadawyvita erTi jaSuSis CagonebiT. anu, TviTon
ubiZges, raTa CamoxrCobis mizezi hqonodaT.
es plantatorobac vicodi mgoni. didi sazizRari
rame iyo, `biZia Tomas qoxidan~ gamomdinare, magram es
CamosaxrCobi kaci sazizRari ar Canda.
an ras omobdnen erTmaneTSi, xom saerTod…
birsis wignebi rusulad ar menaxa-meTqi da moTxrobebic
imdeni ar hqonda, rom uamravi wigni gamosuliyo.
birsi xom ufro Jurnalisti iyo, dRes rogorc ityvian,
cxeli wertilebisa, da manamde ki sabrZolo Wrilobebi
hqonda, raic mTeli cxovreba stanjavda. bolos,
ukve moxuci, samocdaaTi wlisa gaqanda meqsikaSi iqauri
samoqalaqo omis gemos asaRebad da iqav daikarga.
aravin icis misi saflavi.
axirebuli kaci iyo, Semtevi, mwarekalmiani Jurnalisti,
Tavisi Jurnalistika tomebad gamosca sanam
cocxali iyo.
komunistebis droSi egeTi gamomcemloba iyo, `progresi~,
romelic inglisurad uSvebda wignebs. hoda,
birsis erTi krebuli mqonda swored im gamomcemlobisa.
patara iyo, jibeSi eteoda da erT student gogos
miveci.
aRar maxsovs, ratom dainteresda birsiT, me ar
mixsenebia. mgoni imitom, rom raRac amis msgavsze
velaparakebodi, Zvel Jurnalistebze.
mgoni amaze sadRac davwere ukve, Tu raRac deJa-vius
ambavia, ar vici.
esec birsis pontia, uyvarda deJa-viuze da aseT rameebze
wera.
perestroikis dros misi wignebi daiyara, ufro sworad
erTi da igive krebuli sxvadasxva ydaSi. viyide,
gaqra, viyide, gaqra. Cinikosis leqsikoni da aseTebi.
qarTuladac gamoCnda is Zveli moTxroba, oRond
cota sxva saTauriT, `SemTxveva busnakadis xidze~. anu
Wotiswylis da busnakadis. oul qreeq.
axla imis moyola ar minda, ranairi mwerali iyo birsi,
risa sjeroda da ris ar sjeroda. cxadia, rom bevris
arafrisa sjeroda. ise ki, gvarianad Znelia im dros
wero, roca mark tveni, bret harti, stiven kreini, jek
cxeli Sokoladi 69
esei
londoni, o’henri da aseTebi weren da iseTi rameebi
datovo, rom ar gamorCeT da sul arsebobdes.
axla rom Sexedo, rac amerikelebs omze uweriaT.
igive heminguei, mTeli es dakarguli Taobis ambebi,
mTeli es vietnamis biWebi. ra vici, blomad uweriaT
da birsi ki amaT yvelas sjobs. birss bevris arafrisa
sjeroda-meTqi da mgoni imitomac, rom Zalian axlos
icoda omi. imgvarad axlos, rom mgoni arc erT mwerals
ar scodnia.
is, rom birsi mamaci da TavzexelaRebuli kaci iyo,
sulac ar niSnavs, rom raime imedi hqonda omebisa, anda
moswonda omi. omSi siaruli misTvis mxolod saqme
da honoraric ar iyo. es ubedureba iyo. raRacnairi,
didi imedgacrueba, romelSic yovel jerze midioda
da TiTqos icoda, iq ra daxvdeboda. magram mainc midioda,
rom kidev erTxel daenaxa da kidev erTxel ar
daejerebina sikeTisa da imedisaTvis.
me mgoni, ase iyo.
kidev erTxel ar erwmuna da kidev erTxel daewera.
egeTi moTxroba aqvs, `aWedili fanjara~. romeli
erTi.
isic aris, rom birsma moulodneli dabruneba icis.
ise uceb gagaxsendeba, mTlianad, rac wagikiTxavs
misi, rom gikvirs. is raRacnairadaa Cabmuli uamrav
Semdgomdroindel mweralTan da gansakuTrebiT ki
amerikelebTan.
amerikaSi xom birsisgan da aseTi kacebisgan ganviTarda
uamravi Janri da Janruli mwerloba xom saerTod.
dResac, ratom gamaxsenda birsi da Wotiswylis xidis
ambavi? imitom rom wuxel jeims kramlis romans
vkiTxulobdi.
kramli axlaxan gardaicvala, Zveli texaseli kaci iyo,
nafexburTelari, nasaldaTari, nacixari. damlevi, oTxcolganaSvebi,
weras aswavlida universitetSi, raoden
sakvirvelic unda iyos. Tumca, sakvirveli arc unda
iyos, aba vin unda aswavlos wera, Tu ara aseTma kacma?
kramli deteqtivebs werda. cota dawera deteqtivebis
avtoris pirobaze.
70 cxeli Sokoladi
trumen kapote
deteqtivebis mwerlebi xom bevrs weren, rac meti,
miT meti fuli da ase Semdeg. mTeli sistemaa ase. magram
kramlis bevri ar dauweria ormoc weliwadSi.
Tanac, arcerTi misi deteqtivi bestseleri ar Seiqna
da rogorc Cans TviTonac didad ar naRvlobda amaze.
ewereboda da ase moswonda rogorc ewereboda. hardboild
rom hqvia, im JanrSi muSaobda, sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, ufro daundobel da sisxlian deteqtivSi,
oRondac deteqtivebad misi wignebi didi veraferiSvili
rameebi iyo. sxvanairad rom iTqvas, deteqtivobisTvis
mis romanebs aravin yidulobda da amitom deteqtivis
mkiTxvelebs ar uyvardaT. uyvardaT ubralod
mkiTxvelebs, imitom rom kramnis rom kiTxulob, erTi
rom is gaocebs, rogor ar sjera, birsisa ar iyos, da
meorec _ Tu rogor wers. orive SemTxvevaSi raimond
Cendlers amsgavseben, is iyo misi mamobilio, magram me
birsisac bevri mgonia.
mokled, me asec mgonia, rom hemingueis rom samocianebis
bolos daewyo wera, kramli iqneboda, Tavis
sasmels narkotikebsac daumatebda da mTlad SiSvela
vietnamis Semdgomi magari biWobis amara darCeboda,
sastikad damarcxebuli, magram mainc cocxali da mebrZoli,
raRacis matarebeli amoTxvrili landi.
xolo birss rom droSi emogzaura, kramli aucileblad
moiwonebda da etyoda, maladec Seno, modi TiTo
davlioTo.
kramli imgvari stilistia, rom rodesac mokvda, misi
romanebidan amokrefili winadadebebi misave nekrologebSi
moxvda. nekrologebi am citatebT iwyeboda da
mTavrdeboda. ai, amisTvis vkiTxulobT kramliso.
simarTle rom iTqvas, pirvelad mis nekrologi wavikiTxe
da amitomac daviwye misi wignebis Zebna. povna ar
gamWirvebia.
iq iyo erTi winadadeba, romliTac iwyeba misi romani,
romlis Sesaxebac kramlim Tqva, am winadadebas rva
weliwads vwerdio.
axla namdvilad ver gadmovTargmni im winadadebas,
dros marTla waiRebs da Tan misi es naTqvami pasux-
JorJ simenoni
vin icis, sruliad axalgazrda egeb Tavadac idga iseT xidze, Tavis moTxrobaSi
rom aRwera da Tokze Camokonwialebuli gvamebic mravlad enaxa da ifiqra
mravali wlis Semdeg imaze, SeuZlia Tu ara kacs, rom iocnebos CamoxrCobis win?
da ara maincdamainc imaze, rom CamoxrCoba saSinelebaa. aris, ra Tqma unda, magram
CamoxrCobas Jurnalisti aRwers. SeuZlia kacs ocneba CamoxrCobis win? ar vici.
ismgeblobasac gmatebs. ise magari kaia wignis dasawyisad.
hoda, birsic amitom gamaxsenda.
birss ara mxolod tragikuli ambis daundoblad
moyola SeeZlo, aramed winadadebebsac Zalian moxdenilad
awyobda.
saerTod kidev, mgonia, rom didi mniSvneloba ara
aqvs, rodis waikiTxav wigns. Tu sisqes erevi, sulac
patara rom iyo da iq iseTi ambebi eweros patara biWs
rom ar esmis, STabeWdileba mainc utyuaria. axla imas
ki ar vambob, maincdamainc markiz de sadis rameebs
unda etakos-meTqi. anda sad iyo Cvens bavSvobaSi de
sadis raRaceebi, anda romc yofiliyo, Taroebze vin
dailagebda. de sadi, me Tu mkiTxavT, weris gagebaSi ar
iyo. masSi mTavari misi pozicia da samyaros aRqma iyo,
Torem frangi iyo da egre werde, roca ukve arsebobs
figaro, cota uxerxulia.
raRac mgoni mived-movedebi. imas vambobdi, rom rac
bavSvobisas wakiTxulidan CagrCeba, Znelad rom tyuili
iyos. saerTod, eg magari ucnaurobaa, Cemi megobari
meubneboda, patara viyav, roca `don kixots~ vkiTxulobdi
da dialogebs vtovebdi, ambebi mainteresebdao.
mec egre viyavi.
ratomRac ase iTvleboda, rom es `don kixoti~
sabavSvoa, Tu ra iyo ar vici. raxan axirebul kacze iyo,
Tu.. mokled, egre iyo. mere egec ari, rom bavSvs ambavi
ainteresebs. gulubryvilobas ambavi ainteresebs. rac
ufro mwvelia igi, miT metad dagamaxsovrdeba. saer-
Tod ucnauri rameebi gamaxsovrdeba.
ai, kidev gamaxsenda, raxan birsze vlaparakobT. aris
egeTi amerikeli mwerali, hari qrusi. kramlis ar iyos,
samxreTeli da aseve naxiStar-nawvalebi, babuobaSi gadasuli
biZis ieris kaci, ro ara tydebian xolme. hoda,
imas aqvs Tavis wignSi, dedaCems davurekeo, Cems sawyal
dedaso, oblobaSi ro gagvzarda me da Cemi Zmao,
da veubnebi, _ dedi, romani gavyide, morCa, mwerali
varo. pirveli romani cxovrebaSio. gaexarda dedaCemso,
kiTxulobda Cems nawvalebs xandaxano da miTxra
eg romelio, Sen ro moigone, Tu Cveni cxovreba romaa
Sig aRwerilio da me vuTxari, me ro movigoneo da Ca-
Cumda dedaCemio, karga xniT CaCumdao. ra iyo, dedi,
rato CaCumdio. da vfiqrobo, albaT me cotaRa mesmis
samyarosi, mogonil ambavSi fuli rogor gadagixades,
eg xom tyuiliao.
esei
dedaCemisTviso, qrusi ambobs, Cemi xelnawerebi iyo
pirveli romanebi romlebic waikiTxao.
es gulubryviloba cxadia maSinac arsebobs, roca
bavSvi xar da multfilmebsa da urfin jusis maRla
mdgom rameebs miadgebi. oRondac maSin ver xvdebi, ra
aris mwerloba, mocemuloba gaqvs: wigni da Sig arc mTlad
gasagebi ambavi. igeb Tu vera, eg ambavi grZnobebs
aRZravs. hoda, swored es gamaxsovrdeba.
birss imdeni hqonda nanaxi da imdeni reportaJi daewera,
rom aseTebs, Cveulebriv, cota dro rCebaT gamonagonisTvis.
is, rac namdvilad ginaxavs da gangicdia,
gamonagonSi rom gadagaqvs, ise unda gadaitano, rom
TviTonac gainteresebdes. Tu sruliad gansakuTrebul
weris xerxebs ar flob, es ubralod ar ginda da morCa.
isic, an gamova, an _ ara. darCeba Jurnalistikad, rogorc
Salamovis gadasarevi moTxrobebi.
birss Tavad moxvedroda tyvia da roca kacs tyvia
moxvedria da tyviis moxvedraze wers, ise, rom iq Tavisas
arafers tovebs, weris ostatobis garda, es kargi
moTxrobaa. SeuZlia mTeli Tavisi pirdapirobiT, Jurnalisturad
daweros da misi naweri namdvilad kargi
iqneba, magram raxanRa icis, rom arsebobs raRac, Jurnalistobaze
Zlieri da maRali, rasac SeuZlia, rom es
tyvia mTels samyarod aqcios da ara ubralod sulis-
SemZvrel reportaJad, suli wasZlevs, rom mwerali
gaxdes.
birss es SeeZlo.
is igonebda Tavis moTxrobebs.
vin icis, sruliad axalgazrda egeb Tavadac idga
iseT xidze, Tavis moTxrobaSi rom aRwera da Tokze
Camokonwialebuli gvamebic mravlad enaxa da ifiqra
mravali wlis Semdeg imaze, SeuZlia Tu ara kacs, rom
iocnebos CamoxrCobis win? da ara maincdamainc imaze,
rom CamoxrCoba saSinelebaa. aris, ra Tqma unda, magram
CamoxrCobas Jurnalisti aRwers.
SeuZlia kacs ocneba CamoxrCobis win? ar vici.
man ukeT icoda.
hoda, mec bavSvobidan mjera misi gamonagonis. ramdeni
xania mjera da arasdros damviwynia birsi. mwerlobac
eg aris albaT, roca wamkiTxvels ar aviwydebi
da raRac ucnauri, Camouqneli, feradi sivrce
amoutivtivdeba xolme TavSi Seni saxelis gaxsenebaze.
ambroz birsi. kai magari iyo im Txel wignakSi.
cxeli Sokoladi 71
Targmani
ringze
meoce saukunis pirispir
norman meileris werilebi
inglisuridan Targmna irma taveliZem
meore msoflio omSi monawileobis periodidan dawyebuli,
norman meileri Tavis mimoweraSi mudmivad aqtualur
politikur Temebs exeboda _ gardacvalebamde
cota xniT adrec ki.
bietris meilers
8 agvisto, 1945
Cemo patarav,
atomuri bombis Seqmnas aq ufro didi gamoxmaureba
mohyva, vidre germaniis mxridan kapitulaciis gamocxadebas.
prezident ruzveltis sikvdilmac aseTive
miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia. Zalian dabneuli var (amas rom
72 cxeli Sokoladi
vwer, mxolod oficialuri gancxadeba maqvs wakiTxuli.
ar vici, es rogor moxda). axla vxvdebi, ramxela zegavlenas
axdens adamianis azrovnebaze misive egoizmi. Cemi
keTili `me~ yvelafers miesalmeba, rac omis periods
Seamoklebs da Sin male damabrunebs. ai, es ki xSirad
upirispirdeba ufro Zvel, ufro mniSvnelovan principebs.
magaliTad, imedi maqvs, rom axalwveulebiT jaris
Sevseba ukve ganxorcielda, da Tu ase ar momxdara, ma-
Sin neli, mtanjveli demobilizaciis procesi gvelis.
swored am azriT vamarTleb im instruments, romelsac,
Sesabamis pirobebSi, wamierad SeuZlia uamravi adamianis
mospoba.
sinamdvileSi ki ra Semzaravi perspeqtivaa! sul imas
vambobdiT, rom kacobrioba TviTganadgurebis gzas adgas.
hoda, axla es yvelaferi ise axlos Cans, mxolod
aTwleulebisa da ramdenime bombis ambavia. atomuri
afeTqeba teqnikis saboloo gamarjvebas moaswavebs.
roca fizikas vswavlobdi, im dros mxolod uwyinari
gamoTvlebi tardeboda, es TiTqmis ganuxorcielebel
da mainc Tavzardamcem ideas warmoadgenda: muxudos
marcvlisodena masis atomuri energia xom savsebiT sakmarisia,
raTa lokomotivma zRaprulad bevrjer gadaseros
mTeli dedamiwa.
vfiqrob, Cveni epoqa samudamod daasamarebs iseT cnebebs,
rogoricaa adamianis neba da masebis Zalaufleba.
msoflio ramdenime politikosisa da meqanikosis xelSi
aRmoCndeba _ Spengleriseuli gviandeli dasavleTevropul-amerikuli
civilizaciis warmomadgenlebis
xelSi. me ki, miuxedavad imisa, rom mraval saazrovno
impulss maZlevs, Spenglerianeli mainc ara var. Tu ar-
Cevanis winaSe davdgebi: is gavakeTo, rac aucilebelia,
an TiTic ar gavanZrio, TiTsac ar gavanZrev, Tuki is,
rac aucilebelia, gulis amrevi aRmoCndeba.
marTlac saSineli perspeqtivaa, Zvirfaso. kidev
erTi omi gvelis oc weliwadSi Tu ara, ormocdaaT
weliwadSi mainc, da Tu naxevari msoflio gadarCeba,
darwmunebuli var, momdevno omis dros, usafrTxoebis
mizniT, momavlis didi qalaqebi miwisqveS iqneba
aSenebuli. adamiani cxoveliviT iq aRar icxovrebs, sadac
daibada _ mwerebi mas aRar Seawuxeben da is, vinc
samoTxes antarqtikis mkvlevariviT eZebda, jojoxeTs
aTasobiT futiT miuaxlovdeba...
aq siyvarulis adgili aRar aris, me ki axla iseTi
gulmokluli var. rac ufro mets vfiqrob am yvelaferze,
ufro Semzaravad meCveneba. aba, romeli Senadnobi
Seedreba meqanikisa da sentimentalurobis nazavs.
rogor minda, amaRam mklavebSi mogiqcio.
miyvarxar,
normani
feni da aizek meilerebs, en da deivid
keslerebs
4 seqtemberi, 1945
Zvirfaso deda da mama, deida nen da biZia deiv,
...rogorc radios diqtorma mauwya, istoriul movlenas
Sevswrebivar. daaxloebiT erTi mili gvaSorebda
xomald `misuris~, roca iq iaponiis kapitulaciis aqts
moaweres xeli. mesiamovna, radioSi es ambavi rom gadmosces,
me ki am xomalds iluminatoridan vxedavdi.
mimomxilvelma Tqva: „xatovnad Tu vityviT, tokios
yuris Tavze mze amobrwyinda da naTeli mohfina aremares:
kapitulaciis aqts xeli ukve moewera da mSvidobam
sabolood daisadgura~. SeiZleba Tvali ise kargad
ver miWris, rogorc am kacs, magram im dRes ca iseTive
Rrubliani Canda, rogorc yovelTvis...
Targmani
miyvarxarT, Zvirfasebo,
normani
P.S. axla 145 funts viwoni, rogorc adre. ase rom, ar
idardoT Cems janmrTelobaze.
bietris meilers
13 Tebervali, 1946
gamarjoba, Cemo Steruka,
amas winaT vcdilobdi, Cemi mrwamsis umTavres principebSi
gavrkveuliyavi _ politikur mrwamss vgulisxmob.
Tumca, sinamdvileSi, mxolod im politikur kredos
vTxzavdi, romelsac im SemTxvevaSi vuerTgulebdi,
adamianis progresulad ganviTarebis rom mjerodes.
pirvel rigSi, sruliad cxadi mgonia, rom marqsistuli
mTavroba erTaderTi Rirseuli mTavroba iqneboda,
magram _ marTlac Zneli warmosadgenia, es rogor unda
moxdes _ man adamiani ki ar unda marTos, aramed saxelmwifo.
politikosi rom viyo, erTaderT rames gavakeTebdi
_ axal komunistur partias Sevqmnidi, romelsac ruseTTan
saerTo araferi eqneboda. ruseTi mZuls (misi
mTavroba da ara xalxi). am qveyniT Sens aRfrTovanebas
ver gaviziareb. Tu davuSvebT, rom misi agresiuloba
da TviTorganizeba msoflio zewolam ganapiroba, im
faqts versad gaveqceviT, rom is axla pirovnebis Tavisuflebas
axSobs da totalitarizmis gzas adgas, saidanac
ukan veRar dabrundeba. Cemi axali komunisturi
partia nakleb mniSvnelobas mianiWebda ekonomikasa da
politikas, radgan adamianis sulis mxolod erT nawils
ver daeyrdnobi, roca cxovrebis sxvagvari wesis damkvidreba
gsurs. am partiis yuradRebis centrSi moeqceoda
swored adamianis pirovnuli zrda, rac yvelaze mTavaria.
gaixsene Cemi mebrZoli qristiani komunistebi _ esec
msgavsi ideaa. eTikas ekonomikaze ver daafuZneb, ufro
gonivruli iqneba, Tu mas, vTqvaT, seqsTan mimarTebaSi
ganaviTareb. amgvari komunisturi mTavroba mxolod
damxmare ram iqneba, im drois erTgvari bunebrivi warmonaqmni,
roca namdvilad daafaseben Tanasworobas, zomierebas,
Rirsebasa da SemoqmedebiT midgomas. Cemi azriT,
amis saukeTeso magaliTs kvakerebi warmoadgenen.
gasagebia, maT kargi xelmZRvanelebi hyavT, magram esec
xom maTi mrwamsis bunebrivi, samarTlianad moweuli
politikuri nayofia...
rac davwere, sruli absurdia, miamituri absurdi.
ar mjera amis, radgan saerTod arafris mjera. Tumca,
raimesi rom mjerodes, swored am principebs davicavdi.
aba, ras ityvi, patarav?...
Zalian miyvarxar, Steruka,
normani
Jan malakes
13 oqtomberi, 1956
Zvirfaso Jan,
...radikalad yofna ucnauri ram aris _ wlebi gadis
cxeli Sokoladi 73
Targmani
da ai, dgeba dro, roca dawinaurebuli Tanamoazreebi
aRar girekaven. vfiqrob, megobris yola didi fufunebaa
da Tu megobrebi Sen mimarT mometebul yuradRebas
ar iCenen _ ara, arc erTi Tanamoazre Cem mimarT mometebul
yuradRebas ar iCens _ maTi orbitidan TandaTan
gadixar. garda amisa, niu-iorkic yelSi amomivida, es
saSineli qalaqi, sadac gaafTrebuli konkurencia mZvinvarebs
da yvelgan sisastikes, sicives, nervebis
wyvetas awydebi. ho, albaT asakSi Sevdivar. amas winaT
koneqtikutis erT-erT sofelSi megobrebs vestumreT
da saxli vnaxeT, romelic Zalian mogvewona. axla
swored mas vyidulobT...
ori kviris win ki _ is dro iyo, saxlis yidva rom
gadavwyviteT da qalaqSi davbrundiT _ ZaRlebi gavaseirne
(ori didi franguli pudeli) gvian RamiT, SabaTs,
ara, ukve kviras _ saaTis isrebi 12-s gadascdenoda.
erT adgilas ZaRlebi gaCerdnen da raRacis qeqva
daiwyes. iqve, saxlTan sami moxuligno tipi daexeteboda.
erTma uxamsad gaixumra, meorem gaicina. mec ra-
Racam momiara da im moxuligno tips vkiTxe, _ ra TqvimeTqi?
Semagina, valSi arc me davrCi da atyda erTi
ambavi. miTxra, _ aba, daaxvieo. SemeSinda, magram fexi
74 cxeli Sokoladi
ar movicvale. yvelaferi xelCarTuli CxubiT damTavrda.
am CxubSi aucileblad gavimarjvebdi, radgan, damijere,
im tipze gacilebiT Zlieri viyavi. maRali iyo,
magram Cemze gamxdari. ase, 21 wlis iqneboda. rogorc
vTqvi, aucileblad gavimarjvebdi, miwaze goraobisas
CemTvis TvalebSi TiTebi rom ar etakebina, rac marTlac
profesionalurad gamouvida. xeli gavuSvi, mere
cota isev vibRlarZuneT, miwaze vigoraveT, bolos ki
isev TvalebSi mataka TiTebi. am dros saxlidan biWebis
jgufi gamovida _ mTeli banda (Cven trotuarze vCxubobdiT).
viRac aylayuda mxecma saxeSi mxia da mkiTxa:
`es gindoda, ara?~
ho, es mindoda. TiTqmis veRarafers vxedavdi, Tvalebidan
sisxli momdioda, Zval-rbili gaerTianebuli
mqonda. im biWs Tavi davuqnie da ramdenjerme Cavibutbute:
`ai, es mindoda, es mindoda, es mindoda~. mere
meores, romelsac mTeli Cxubis manZilze ZaRlebis
sayelurebi damcinavad eWira, isini gamovarTvi da Sinisken
wavbancaldi. araadamianuri sisastikis ambavi iqneboda,
rom ara imave bandis ori Savkaniani wevri, romelic
maSinve amedevna. quCis kuTxeSi isini damewivnen
kidec. im dros yvelaferi fexebze mekida da arafris
meSinoda. ubralod, vfiqrobdi, Tu fexqveS gamigdeben,
SeiZleba suli aRar SemrCes-meTqi. albaT asec
iqneboda, magram mTavari is iyo, rom erTma Savkanianma
miTxra: `usamarTlod mogdes, Zmao~. misi sityvebi
raRacnairad mamxnevebda, roca momdevno dReebSi am
yvelaferze vfiqrobdi.
es ambavi mZime SedegiT dasrulda. ramdenime dRis
manZilze marcxena Tvali mtkioda da mxedvelobis
aris SuagulSi laqas vxedavdi. TiTqmis mTeli kvira
bnel oTaxSi gavatare. Tvali axlac mawuxebs. mis mo-
SuSebas erTi Tve mainc dasWirdeba. ra bednieri var,
rom saxli manamde viyide, vidre es ambavi moxdeboda;
Torem, yovelTvis vifiqrebdi, rom niu-iorkidan panikaSi
myofi gaviqeci...
Zveli mebrZolisgan meore mebrZols siyvaruliT,
normani
Jan malakes
30 dekemberi, 1957
Zvirfaso Jan,
...axla parizi ise Sors meCveneba. erTxans sofelSi
vicxovreT, mere mogvbezrda, yelSi amogvivida mdidari
miwaTmflobelebis autaneli, winaaRmdegobebiT
savse cxovreba (sxvaTa Soris, iseTi mdidrebi aRar
varT _ `sputnikis~ kosmosSi gaSvebam Cems kapitaldabandebebs
deda utira). hoda, niu-iorkSi vbrundebiT.
bolo dros depresiaSi Cavvardi. wlebi gavida
mas Semdeg, roca nebismier wamowyebas warmatebiT
vasrulebdi (ramdenime gamonaklisis garda), axla ki
swored is damemarTa, rac Sen ori wlis win gadaitane
_ amas neba-survilis kraxs davarqmevdi. rogorc Cans,
niWze ufro didi ambicia maqvs, meryevi xasiaTis gamo
ki, cxovrebaSi naTel periodebs ar unda velode. im
uzarmazar romanze vfiqrob, romlis werac daviwye da
romlis dasrulebasac albaT aTi weli mainc dasWirdeba.
Tu Canafiqris ganxorcieleba SevZeli, misi gamocema
SeuZlebeli iqneba _ mxolod frangul uxarisxo,
mwvaneydian gamocemebs Soris Tu moxvdeba. me ki ukve
Suaxnis kaci viqnebi, roca am wigns davasruleb. ici,
ise aRar mjera sakuTari Tavis, rogorc _ adre da, rac
yvelaze uaresia, es yvelaferi sulac ar mgonia Zalian
mniSvnelovani. damarcxebulebis mimarTac gacilebiT
Semwynarebeli gavxdi. is xalxi, vinc ramdenime wlis
win mZulda, axla asatani meCveneba. vfiqrob, warsul-
Si araerTi iRbliani SemTxveva xelidan gavuSvi, hoda,
isinic ar unda ganvsajo. aseTi gancdebi bunebrivad
ereva mTel sulsa da guls. muSaobis survili miqreba
da mere depresiaSi vvardebi imis gamo, rom ar vmuSaob,
rac samuSaosTan mibrunebas kidev ufro mirTulebs,
sabolood ki es yvelaferi gulze mZime lodad mawveba.
xSirad maxsendeba omis Semdgomi ubadruki wlebi, romlebmac
bolo mouRo Cems yvela nacnobs: maTi amboxi
mianavla, maTi sifrTxile silaCred aqcia, xolo maTi
uwyinari mzakvroba _ did siZulvilad. yvelaze cudi
ki is aris, rom axla imasRa vfiqrob, albaT adamianis
SesaZleblobebis zedmetad gvjeroda-meTqi. rasakvirvelia,
aseTi fiqrebis fonze, cxovreba uferuli da
mosawyeni xdeba. mapatie amxela tirada. Sen Seni depresia
gaqvs, me _ Cemi (mec isev Zalian bevrs vewevi)...
ra Tqma unda, es nebismieri xelovanis tkivilia _
mravali Cvengani xom geniosi gaxdeboda, yvelaferi
rom sworad warmarTuliyo. sxvebze metad gamimarTla,
magram, Cemo kargo Jan, yvelaferi ise xeldaxel mivaniave,
imedgacruebac ki ar ganmicdia. ho, marTlac sabralo
rus emigrantebs vgavarT. mapatie, ase rom gewuwune,
magram Zvel, erTgul megobarTan wuwuni jobs,
romelime wveulebaze mTvrali ucnobis saeWvo gulmowyalebis
imedad yofnas.
(sxvaTa Soris, erTi Tvis win am egoistma geniosma
bodleris dRiurebi waikiTxa (inglisurad). vfiqrobdi,
ai, zustad Cemnairi kaci-meTqi)...
mokiTxva gelis,
normani
Jan malakes
29 aprili, 1960
Zvirfaso Jan,
...ici, ratom SevuerTdi kubis mxardamWer komitets
Zveli leninuri principiT? amisken Jurnalma `taimma~
mibiZga. vifiqre, Tu isini kastros upirispirdebian, me
mxars davuWer-meTqi. SesaZloa, antistalinizmi politikuri
pozicia ar iyos, magram antiliuisizmi (henri
liuisi (1898-1967) _ gavleniani amerikeli gamomcemeli)
namdvilad aris. adamiani Tavad faqtebis dadgenas ver
Targmani
axerxebs, Tumca imas ki xvdeba, romel Zalebs surT,
rom mas am faqtebis sjerodes. wesad SemoviRe, yoveldRiuri
politikuri oromtrialis wyaro swored Zvel,
sayvarel Jurnal `taimSi~ veZebo...
aq didi Teatraluri movlenaa Jan Jenes `aivanis~
dadgma, romelic brodveis gareT, Teatr `seql in zi
sqveaSi~ ganxorcielda. me ki speqtakli sulac ar momewona.
piesa sulelurad dauCexavT, atmosferoc mZime
da sulisSemxuTveli damxvda. Cemi azriT, es nawilobriv
Jenes bralicaa. guli mereva mTel mis brwyinvalebaze.
mokiTxva edelisgan,
normani
eiiti iamanisis
23 oqtomberi, 1961
Zvirfaso eiiti,
...trockisTan yovelTvis didi siaxlove makavSirebda
da is, rom sakuTar Tavs trockists veRar vuwodeb,
ar niSnavs, TiTqos misiT aRfrTovaneba gaminelda. aq,
amerikaSi sirTules is qmnis, rom revoluciuri marqsizmis
tradiciuli formebi ver ergeba amerikuli
sazogadoebis Tavisebur, mravalsaxovan struqturas.
ara, imas ar vgulisxmob, TiTqos marqsizmi gamosadegi
aRar iyos. Tumca, azrovnebis amgvarma wesma isev rom
aRafrTovanos axalgazrdebis saukeTeso nawili, is sxva
geniosma unda ganavrcos, romelic amerikuli fenomenis
sirTules Caswvdeba. vfiqrob, `TeTri zangis~ bolo
abzacSi swored erT-erT SesaZlo mimarTulebaze mivaniSne.
iciT, eiiti, problema is aris, rom amerikaSi mSromelTa
klass saerTod ar aqvs revoluciuri Segneba.
am qveyanaSi nebismier amboxs is xalxi ki ar awyobs, vis
mxrebzec ekonomika dgas, aramed im axalgazrdebis sul
ufro mzardi raodenoba, romlebic sruliad gaucxoebulebi
arian sakuTari qveynisgan da misi istoriisgan.
SesaZlebelia, momdevno aT welSi am yvelaferma raRac
nayofi gamoiRos _ meamboxeebis suliskveTeba xom namdvilia!
axla arc erTi Cvengani ar aris im inteleqtualur
simaRleze, rac problemis gadaWris axali,
radikalurad gansxvavebuli gzis moZebnas sWirdeba.
amerikaSi yvelaze cudi is ki araa, rom damatebiTi Rirebulebis
saxiT bevrs gvZalaven, aramed Cveni sulieri
gamofituloba da is, rom namdvili zrdis SesaZlebloba
ar gveZleva. ai, es udavod kapitalizmis umaRlesi stadiaa.
iciT, amgvar situaciaSi azrs kargavs sakuTari Tavis
trockistad moazreba. aseTive warmatebiT SeiZleba
Tavs burboni an batko maxnos mimdevari uwodoT. darwmunebuli
var, trocki rom cocxali yofiliyo da am
qveyanaSi ecxovra, trockistobas ar moindomebda...
gulTbili mokiTxviT,
normani
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 99
cxeli Sokoladi 75
saavtoro
lismanisi
avtori: levan berZeniSvili
ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili
politikur zonas, iseve rogorc
nebismier sxva sabWoTa zonas, Tavisi
aristokratia hyavda: mzareuli,
mekuWnave, biblioTekari, cecxlfareSi,
meabanoe, parikmaxeri, barakis
morige, kinomeqanikosi, kurieri
da a.S. amaze werdnen solJenicini,
ginzburgi, Salamovi da sxva avto-
76 cxeli Sokoladi
rebi, romlebic saswaulebrivad gadaurCnen
gulags. Tuki Zvel droSi,
breJnevis epoqamde, rodesac gulagis
naxevarze met mosaxleobas 58-e
muxliT gasamarTlebulebi Seadgendnen,
am aristokratiul Tanamdebobaze
mxolod Cveulebrivi kriminalebi,
marqsistul-leninisturi
Teoriis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
termini rom vixmaroT, e.w. „socialurad
axloblebi“ (социально
близкие _ mkvlelebi, qurdebi, mZarcvelebi
da a.S.) xvdebodnen, axal
droSi, rodesac msoflio zewoliT
politikuri patimrebi sanaxevrod
aRiares da maT calke banakebi gau-
xsnes (sul 4 mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi,
3 permSi da erTic mordoveTSi, saxelganTqmuli
„dubrovlagi“), axal
aristokratias jaSuSebi, samxedro
damnaSaveebi da samSoblos moRalateebi
Seadgendnen; sxva sityvebiT
rom vTqvaT, Tu sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis Zveli, 58-e muxlis memkvi-
dre axali 70-e (saqarTvelos ssr 71e)
muxliT iyavi gasamarTlebuli,
parikmaxeroba an biblioTekaroba
ar SegeZlo, Tundac manamde ssrk-s
saukeTeso parikmaxeri an didi biblioTekis
direqtori yofiliyavi.
bunebrivia, baraSevoSic gvyavdnen
„aristokratebi“ (Zvel droSi
maT upativcemulod, „pridurkebad“
moixseniebdnen da Jora xomizuri
axal droSic mxolod am terminiT
aRiarebda maT statuss): biblio-
Tekari andersoni, mzareulebi maqsimoviCi
da petrov ufrosi, parikmaxeri
kuxaruki, cecxlfareSebi
saari da muzikiaviCusi, meabanoe da
kinomeqanikosi (SeTavsebiT) lismanisi,
mekuWnave leikusi, barakis morige
krainiki da sxv.
latviel nacionalistsa da social-demokrats,
1980 wlis noemberSi
dapatimrebul dainis lismaniss
latviis uzenaesi sasamarTlos
daxurul sesiaze 12 weli hqonda
misjili „samSoblos“ (anu sabWoTa
kavSiris) RalatisTvis. im qveynis
RalatisTvis, romelSic igi ar dabadebula,
romelic okupantad da
moZaladed miaCnda da romlis winaaRmdegac
iaraRiT xelSi brZola
arc ufiqria, ubralod, latviis
okupaciis Semdeg iatakqveSeTSi gadasuli
im social-demokratiuli
partiis wevri iyo, romlis saTavo
ofisi germaniis federaciul respublikaSi
iyo ganTavsebuli.
dainis lismanisi sakmaod pikantur
garemoebebSi gavicani. zonaSi CasvlisTanave
me da daTos ori sasixarulo
ambavi dagvaxvedres, sadili
da abano. sadils pirveli movrCi da
abanoSi gamagzavnes. zonuri „abano“
saintereso dawesebuleba aRmoCnda:
xangrZlivi etapis Semdeg „Tavisufali“
saponi rom davinaxe da
gaxarebulma (higiena Tavisuflebis
ganuyofeli nawilia, abanoSi ar „zixar“
anu Tavs patimrad ar grZnob)
kargad gavisapne Tavi, aRmovaCine,
rom onkanSi wyali aRar modioda.
abanoSi aravin iyo, rom damxmareboda
Cveulebriv abano mxolod SabaTobiT
iyo, xolo Cven xuTSabaTs
saavtoro
CavediT, sicxe iyo da cxeli wyali
arc gvWirdeboda, magram wyali zogadad
gWirdeba, Tu abanoSi tanis
dabanas apireb. ra gza mqonda, ra-
Rac naWeri Semovixvie welze da gareT
gamovedi Svelis saTxovnelad.
pirvelive kaci gavaCere da daxmareba
vTxove. manac amixsna, rom onkan-
Si wyali ar unda iyos (diax!), rom
wyali aris wina oTaxSi, e.w. „predbannikSi“
did kasrSi dagrovili da
iqidan unda movimarago taStSi da
mere momcro vedrosxela xisgan damzadebuli
wylis saxapaviT, romelsac
hqvia „Saika“, erTi xeliT unda
visxa Tavze da meoreTi sxva operaciebi
ganvaxorcielo. maincadamainc
mosaxerxebeli ar iyo, magram
saocnebo sisufTavis SegrZneba yvelafers
aRemateboda. kaci, romelmac
daxmareba gamiwia da abanoze Zalian
sasacilo anekdotis moyolac
moaswro SesamCnevi latviuri aqcentiT,
xmovnebis dagrZelebiT da xan
pirvel da xan meore moraze (grZeli
marcvlis mokle nawilze) mkveTri
dinamikuri maxvilis dasmiT, sanam
me did kasrsa da wyals veZebdi, iyo
dainis lismanisi, samSoblos moRalate,
social-demokrati, meabanoe,
kinomeqanikosi, Crdilouri tipi,
WeSmariti arieli da SesaniSnavi
meojaxe _ тип нордический, истинный
ариец и отличный семянин, rogorc
TviTon amatebda xolme Tavis daxasiaTebas
saxelganTqmuli sabWo-
Ta Cekisti mwerlis, misive wignis
mixedviT reJisor lioznovas mier
gadaRebuli yvelaze popularuli
sabWoTa serialis, „gazafxulis 17
gaelvebis“ scenaris avtoris, iulian
semionovis mTxrobeliviT, rodesac
am ukanasknelis saxeliT gestapoeli
da abvereli personaJebis
portretiani formularis fonze
SesaniSnavi tembris mqone sabWoTa
msaxiobi efim kopeliani mokle anketas
kiTxulobda.
dainis lismanisi mudmivad karg
xasiaTze iyo. aravin icis, rogor
axerxebda amas politikur banakSi,
magram faqtia, rom axerxebda: mo-
RuSuli da uxasiaTo aravis unaxavs.
cxeli Sokoladi 77
saavtoro
garda imisa, rom TviTon iyo karg
guneba-ganwyobaze, Tavis irgvlivac
aseT msubuq da mxiarul garemos qmnida.
Joras miaCnda, rom es mxolod
dasavleli adamianis „sagareo ieri“
iyo, rafika Tvlida, rom zedapiruli
kaci iyo (xumrobiT meubneboda,
ase xazgasmiT evropuli garegnoba
rom ar hqondes, eWvi Semepareboda,
lismaniSvili, lismaniZe an lismanauri
xom ar ariso), jonis „Wkuamxiarulad“
miaCnda, genrixa „umisamarTod
bedniers“ uwodebda, boria
maniloviCi yvela baltieliviT „bunebriv“
da msubuq antisemitad saxavda,
xolo mis srul antipods, gaucinar
miSa poliakovs mravalgzis
uTqvams, dainisTan „bolomde“ daleva
saintereso iqnebodao, iankovi
rogorc demokratiisTvis saerTosakavSiro
brZolis uarmyofels
eWvis TvaliT uyurebda, Tumca
„faustze“ saubars masTan ar gaurboda
(goeTe lismanisis RmerTi iyo,
germanuli, ra Tqma unda, wyaliviT
icoda da karga mozrdil citatebs
„urtyamda“ „faustidan“; xumrobda,
_ goeTe mama-RmerTia, Sileri su-
liwminda da Tomas mani Zeo). ukrainelebi
gaurbodnen lismaniss, misi
mudmivi Rimili damcinavad eCvenebodaT
da rusebisadmi daufarav zizRSi
antislavur gamoxtomas xedavdnen
(maTi saerTo azriT, rusebis
anu „moskalebis“ zizRi marto kievis
ruseTis erTaderTi kanonieri
STamomavlebis, WeSmariti ukrainelebis
saqme iyo).
Cveni zonis ebraelebisgan
gansxvavebiT, romlebic SabaTobiT
yvela tipis saqmianobas gaurbodnen
_ griSa feldmani, magaliTad, pirSi
wekos TviTnakeTi sigaretiT (kviris
wina dReebSi SabaTis marags imzadebda)
da asanTiT xelSi wamogeweoda,
gTxov, momikideo _ dainisis zeobis
dRe swored SabaTs dgeboda. SabaTs
misi ormagi batonoba myardeboda,
Tavisuflebis or kunZulze _ abanosa
da klub-sasadiloSi, sadac
igi „axali“ filmis demonstrirebas
axdenda (zonaSi Semotanili filmi
sinamdvileSi TiTqmis arasodes
iyo axali, filmi Cvens politikur
gamosworebasa da aRzrdas emsaxureboda,
amitom ideurad iyo gamar-
ЖХ 385/3-5-is klub-sasadilos mravlismnaxvel ekranze
xididan Rrma xeobaSi xtebodnen sabWoTa tyveebi, maT
Soris qalebi da bavSvebic, oRond ki `Tavisianebis~
xelSi ar moxvedriliyvnen.
78 cxeli Sokoladi
Tuli da, rogorc wesi, exeboda an
amxanag lenins, an amxanag stalins,
an orive am amxanags an am amxanagebis
erTgul sxva amxanagebs, magaliTad
rkinis feliqss, ucxo enebis mcodne
frunzes an sulac sakavSiro „starosta“
kalinins).
ar vici _ ratom, magram kinos
xalxTan (xSir SemTxvevaSi, sruliad
SemTxveviTi) axlobloba bedma marguna,
Cemi erT-erTi yvelaze sayvareli
megobari kinomcodnea (ra Tqma
unda, ara SemTxveviT; sxvaTa Soris,
saqarTveloSi Zneli gamosacnobi ar
unda iyos, vin igulisxmeba); me moulodnelad
gadavyrivar TbilisSi
quTaisis quCaze robert redfords
(erTi gamagebina, iq ra undoda,
manqanis nawils xom ar eZebda?);
anJeSi biblioTekarTa wveulebaze,
rogorc Semdeg gairkva, Cemi
maspinZlis, safrangeTis erovnuli
biblioTekis maSindeli direqtoris
megobars, qarTuli kulturisa
da, gansakuTrebiT, kulinariis damfasebels
ani Jirardos, romelsac
xaWapurze mokle, magram yovlismomcveli
leqcia wavukiTxe (maxsovda,
rom manamde, eldar riazanovis
gadacemaSi legendarulma frangma
msaxiobma xaWapuri rom axsena, sabWoTa
reJisors ratomRac xasiaTi
wauxda); moskovSi, sastumro „rosias“
derefanSi kinofestivalze gamarjvebul
italiel reJisor etore
skolas da Jiuris wevr jina lolobrijidas,
romelic ukve asakSi iyo,
magram mnaxvelebs mainc adgilze yinavda
gorgona meduzasaviT; moskovi-Tbilisis
reisze davmgzavrebivar
da dasvenebis saSualeba ar
mimicia lidia fedoseeva-SuqSinas-
Tvis, romelsac Tavxedurad vuxsnidi
SukSinis prozauli Semoqmedebis
Taviseburebebs; taSkenti-moskovis
matareblis saerTaSoriso kupeSi
„duraka“ miTamaSia ukve „Stirlic“
viaCeslav tixonovTan; santa monikaSi
liftSi Sevjaxebivar „dauxatav“
da daRlil Seron stouns,
romelic „holandiisTvis sakmarisi
iyo“ (ase upasuxa ssrk-s pirvelma
da ukanasknelma prezidentma, mi
xail gorbaCovma holandieli Jurnalistis
SekiTxvas, _ ganiaraRebis
Semdeg ramdeni birTvuli qobini
dagrCaTo); sigareti momiwevia antonio
banderasTan erTad „uorner
brazerzis“ studiis SesasvlelSi
da iseTi qaTinauri miTqvams qe-
Trin zeta-jonsisTvis, romelmac
gadasaReb filmSi Tavis partniors
moakiTxa, rom kinaRam safrTxe iyo
an maikl duglass movekali an saxelganTqmuli
amerikuli „seqSual
harasmentis“ muxlisTvis gamomekra
xeli, banderass rom ar ganemarta,
kavkasieli kavkasielia (erTi „kavkasieli“
TeTri rasis warmomadgenels
niSnavs da banderasma amitom ixmara
ormagi kavkasielis termini) da lamazi
qalisTvis qaTinauri magisTvis
gamarjobis anu Tqveneburi „hais“
tolfasiao.
am satrabaxo ambebidan mxolod
jina lolobrijida da viaCeslav
tixonovi Seadgendnen Cems simdidres
politikur banakSi moxvedramde,
yvela sxva Sexvedra Semdgom-
Si moxda. lismaniss, ra Tqma unda,
ulamazes jinaze Camovugde sityva
(rusi mzveravis, isaevis, imave Stirlicis
rolis Semsrulebel tixonovTan
samgzavro-samatareblo
axloblobiT trabaxi ar iqneboda
swori toni patiosan latviel nacionalistTan
saubrisas). lismanisi
kinos namdvili partizani iyo, maSin
ar vicodiT sityva, romelic axla
iolad aRwers dainisis mdgomareobas,
latvieli social-demokrati
kinos da, gansakuTrebiT, italiuri
kinos namdvili fani iyo. rogorc ki
jina lolobrijida vuxsene, lismanisi
aRelda.
_ ici Tu ara, Cemo qarTvelo megobaro,
rom lolobrijida yvelaze
amerikuli italieli msaxiobia,
sofi lorenze metadac ki? lolobrijida
yvelaze didi saxeli iyo
ormocdaaTiani wlebisa da samocianis
dasawyisis italiur kinoSi, Tumca
ra italiur, msoflio kinoSi!
da ici, ra periodi iyo es italiuri
kinosTvis? ici, rom mas uTamaSia
iseTi gigantebis mxardamxar, rogo-
rebic iyvnen bert lankasteri, iul
brineri, frenk sinatra, ser alek
ginesi?
_ me mxolod is vici, rom msgavsi
silamazis qali piradad, ase
vTqvaT, „cxovrebaSi“ arasodes minaxavs,
_ ganvacxade me da meaTasejer
daviwye moyola, Tu rogor SeveCexe
italielebis mTel xmaurian delegacias
moskovis sastumro „rosiis“
derefanSi 1975 wels, rodesac jina
lolobrijida ukve 48 wlisa iyo.
_ ici Tu ara, Cemo leevan (Léevan,
maxviliT pirvel e-ze), rom 1947
wels jinam monawileoba miiRo „mis
italiis“ silamazis konkursSi?
_ ara, es ar vicodi, magram warmomidgenia,
ra triumfiT gaimarjvebda,
maSin xom 20 wlisa iqneboda?!
_ ver gaimarjva! diax, ver gaimarjva!
sxvam gaimarjva, luCia bozem
(juzepe de santisis „ar aris mSvidoba
zeTisxilis xeebis qveS“, xuan
antonio bardemis „velosipedistis
sikvdili“) da meoreze jana maria
kanale gavida (amas, sxvaTa Soris,
ava gardners adarebdnen), lolobrijida
mxolod mesame iyo! daujere
axla silamazis konkursebs! lu-
Cia boze Cemi da Seni dasawuni qali
ar iyo, magram jina?!
lismanisi kinos, bunebrivia, kinomeqanikosis
jixuridan uyurebda da
xandaxan moulodnel da xmamaRal
komentarebsac akeTebda, ris gamoc
patimar-mayurebelTa erTi nawili
aRSfoTdeboda xolme, xolo meore
nawili gvarianad xalisobda. magaliTad,
sabWoTa propagandistuli
Sedevris, „damelodes“, anu «Жди
меня»-s demonstrirebisas, romel-
Sic qalis mTavar rols konstantine
simonovis meuRle, valentina
serova asrulebda, msaxiobi qalis
pirveli gamoCenisTanave lismanisma
filmis demonstrireba SeaCera da
xmamaRali komentari gaakeTa:
_ Tqven winaSea sabWoTa kinos merlin
monrod wodebuli qeraTmiani
lamazmani valentina vasilis asuli
serova, ruseTis ekranis ocdaaTianormociani
wlebis seqs-simbolo,
stalinis usayvarlesi msaxiobi, ro-
saavtoro
melsac msoflios xalxTa beladi
da kinos didi megobari Ckalovis
meuRlesTan erTad gverdiT daisvamda
xolme wveulebebze, radgan
es qalbatoni sabWoTa kavSiris gmiris,
espaneTis omSi TavgamoCenili
pilotis, anatoli serovis qvrivi
iyo. SemdgomSi aramzada (papaiano,
ar gewyinos!) konstantin simonovis
coli iyo, rasac xeli ar Seu-
Slia qeraTmiani mzeTunaxavisTvis,
romani gaeba maSindel general da
momaval marSal konstantin konstantines
Ze rokosovskisTan, iseTi
romani, rom amxanag stalins erTerT
miRebaze ukiTxavs general k.
k. rokosovskisTvis, _ xom ar ici,
amxanago rokosovski, visi colia
msaxiobi valentina serovao; rokosovskis
amouRerRavs, _ poet simo-
cxeli Sokoladi 79
saavtoro
noviso, _ da amxanag belads uTqvams,
_ mec ase vicodio. amis Semdeg momavali
marSali Tavis gulis satrfos
aRar gahkarebia. msaxiobi qali galoTda
da gardaicvala martoobaSi
1975 wels, samxreTelma da „Tbilma“
simonovma kislovodskSi dasveneba
ar Sewyvita da mxolod vardebis
gamogzavniT dakmayofilda. sabWo-
Ta kinos legenda ukanasknel gzaze
samiode kacma gaacila, maT Soris
_ qaliSvilma, maria simonovam. ase
rom, amxanag stalins qeraTmiani
lamazmanebi itacebda, gansxvavebiT
misi Tanamemamule, amJamad klub
sasadilos darbazSi myofi levan
berZeniSvilisgan, romelsac gaugebari
pretenziebi aqvs qeraTmianebis
mimarT. ganvagrZoT filmis Cveneba,
gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis, megobrebo.
lismanisi, rogorc wesi, saSinel
komentarebs akeTebda iseTi ukvdavi
sabWoTa Sedevrebis, rogorebic
iyo „SeiaraRebuli kaci“ (Человек с
ружьем), „lenini oqtomberSi“, „le-
nini 1918 wels“ da leninianas sxva
sabWoTa klasikad qceuli filmebis
demonstrirebisas, magram es komentarebi
xazgasmiT latviur enaze
keTdeboda da lismaniss yovelTvis
SeeZlo eTqva leninis rolis Semsrulebeli
msaxiobebis ostatobaze
vakeTeb komentarebso. xandaxan lismaniss
qarTvelebic exmaurebodnen
80 cxeli Sokoladi
darbazidan qarTul enaze warmo-
Tqmuli komentarebiT, romelSic
figurirebda iseTi uwyinari Sefasebebi,
rogoric iyo „garewari“,
„aramzada“, „dampali“, „tvingayinuli“
da sxv. am mxriv arc somxebi
CamogvrCebodnen da erTi-or lamaz
Sefasebas isrodnen ukvdavi grigol
narekacis enaze. ase rom, lismanis-
Tan erTad sabWoTa propagandis
saamayo Sedevrebis, e.w. mxatvruli
filmebis demonstrireba xalisianad
mimdinareobda.
erTxel warmoudgeneli ram moxda:
SabaTs kinoCvenebaze namdvili
kino moitanes, ingmar bergmanis „Semodgomis
sonata“ ingrid bergmanisa
da liv ulmanis monawileobiT. Cemi
azriT, baraSevos arazonur kino-
TeatrSi aCvenes mayurebels, romelsac
igi aqtiurad ar moewona da
sasjelis saxiT Semogvigdes banakSi
_ esec Tqveni sayvareli dasavleTi
da misi gaugebari Sedevrio. deda-
Svilis dramatul urTierTobebze
gadaRebuli, sakmaod rTuli da si-
vrceSi Caketili filmi patimrebs
maincdamainc ar moewonaT, magram
lismanisi xSirad aCerebda Cvenebas
da ingmar bergmanis oci filmis
ucvleli operatoris, sven niukvistis
ostatobaze amaxvilebda Cvens
yuradRebas. lismanisi namdvili
mxatvari iyo, iseT detalebs xedavda,
rom saxelganTqmuli niukvisti
siamovnebiT aiyvanda Tanaoperatorad
Tu ara, mTavari operatoris
asistentad mainc. Tanac, darwmunebuli
var, sakmaod civi da mudmivad
melanqoliuri, tokioSi dabadebuli
da kanadaSi aRzrdili norvegieli
liv ulmanis gamxiarulebasac ki
SeZlebda Tavisi uTvalavi anekdotiTa
da xalisiani moTxrobiT.
erTxel iseTi pativi gvces, rom,
romeliRac mxatvruli filmis
garda, e.w. Jurnalic mogvawodes.
lismanisma winaswar gagvafrTxila,
_ es kino ar aris, Jurnalia, kino
kidev iqnebao. „Jurnalad“ dokumenturi
moklemetraJiani filmi
gadioda, romelSic (ar dagaviwydeT,
es yvelaferi perestroikisa
da gaqanebuli sajaroobis epoqa-
Si xdeba) naCvenebi iyo unikaluri
kadrebi, romelsac aTwleulobiT
umalavdnen mTel msoflios rogorc
sabWoTa komunistebi, ise
dasavleli demokratebi. mokled,
dokumentur filmSi naCvenebi iyo,
Tu rogor gadasces ingliselebma
meore msoflio omis damTavrebis-
Tanave sabWoTa kavSirs maT saokupacio
zonaSi moxvedrili tyveebi.
lismanisi swrafad gaerkva situaciaSi
da gamoacxada, _ visac susti
guli gaqvT, darbazidan gadiT, ise
vatyob, saSineli kadrebi gvelodebao.
am komentarma adgils miajaWva
isinic, vinc Jurnalis gamotovebas
da wekos mosawevad gareT gasvlas
apirebda (klub-sasadilo marTla
klubi ki ar iyo, rom iq mowevis nebarTva
miecaT vinmesTvis).
ekranze gamoCnda Zalian maRali
xidi, romlidanac mdinaris xeobamde,
sul cota, asi metri mainc
iqneboda. Zalian Soridan iyo gadaRebuli
da TiTqmis araferi ar
Canda, magram rogorc ki kadris
daaxloeba daiwyo, gamoCnda raRac
wertilebi, romlebic xididan qvemoT
mieqanebodnen. rodesac kadri
kidev ufro axlos movida, cxadi
gaxda, rom es wertilebi adamianebia,
adamianebi, romlebic saku-
Tari nebiT xtebian mdinareSi da
Tavs iklaven. ЖХ 385/3-5-is klub
sasadilos mravlismnaxvel ekranze
xididan Rrma xeobaSi xtebodnen sabWoTa
tyveebi, maT Soris qalebi da
bavSvebic, oRond ki „Tavisianebis“
xelSi ar moxvedriliyvnen; ZiriTadi
masa ukan dabrunebas cdilobda,
magram ukan mibrunebulebs ingliselebi
cecxls uxsnidnen da adgilze
xocavdnen: xidze saSineli tragedia
trialebda, kacobriobis istoriaSi
yvelaze sastiki omis damTavrebidan
ramdenime TveSi ukve sisxlmonatrebul
sikvdils namdvili kalo hqonda
gamarTuli _ britanelTa saokupacio
zonaSi moxvedril sabWoTa
tyveebs win gulagi da masSi sikvdili
elodebodaT, ukan _ mokavSireebis
tyviiT sikvdili da qvemoT,
Rrma xeobaSi _ miwaze daxeTqebamde
haerSi sikvdili. am fonze gamoCnda
erTi patara kaci, romelic xelebaweuli
garboda rusebisken. kameram
igi sagangebod msxvili planiT
aiRo: patara kaci gaxarebuli garbis
Tavisianebisken, xelebs ucnaurad
iqnevs da raRacas iZaxis.
uecrad klub-sasadilo araadamianurma
Rrialma SeZra:
_ aaraa! aaraa! lismanis, gaaCere
kino, lismanis, gaaCere!
dabneulma lismanisma marTla „gaaCera
kino“ da Cvenma Tanazonelma
timinma, patara kacma, romelsac
manamde arasodes araferze xma ar
amouRia, arada namdvili saopero
baritoni aRmoaCnda, ekranze gaCerebul
gamosaxulebas mimarTa:
_ Куда прёшь, дуралей?! saiT garbixar,
idioto! es xom me var, biWebo!
es xom me var, saxlSi movrbivar ormoci
weli gulagSi amosaxrCobad!
ekranidan mas da yvelas axalgazrda
timini gviyurebda, gaRimebuls
ar esmoda, ra erCoda mas ormoci
wlis Semdeg misi sakuTari, gulagSi
gatanjuli arseba. lismanisma proeqtori
gamorTo, amasobaSi xma gavarda,
timinia ekranzeo da mTeli zona
klub-sasadiloSi Semovarda, maT
Soris iyvnen _ zonis ufrosi maiori
Salini, depeenka suraikini, aRmzrdelobiTi
samuSaoebis xelmZRvaneli
leiteranti arapovi, zedamxedvele-
bi trifonovi, kiseliovi da trimazkini
da uklebliv yvela patimari,
arkadi dudkinic ki, romelic, Tu
berlinis aRebaze da raixstagze
droSis aRmarTvaze ar iyo kino, sxva
filmebs arasodes ar swyalobda.
_ lismanis, moita timini, _ br-
Zana Salinma da lismanisma Tavidan
gauSva filmi zustad im adgilidan,
rodesac xidze gaCerebul masas gamoeyo
patara wertili, mere es wertili
nel-nela gadidda da utyuar
timinad iqca. morboda da morboda
gaxarebuli timini, morboda Tavisi
monatrebuli samSoblosaken, ocdaxuTwliani
ganaCenisken, romelsac
kidev oci ukve gulagSi daemata,
morboda, radgan egona, rom bolos
da bolos general vlasovis
armiaSi samsaxurs apatiebdnen da
rusulad mainc daelaparakebodnen.
zonis xelmZRvanelobam timini
iolad amoicno da Salinidan dawyebuli
trifonoviT damTavrebuli,
yvelas homerosuli xarxari
autyda, maT zogierTi patimaric
saavtoro
КУДА ПРЁШЬ, ДУРАЛЕЙ?! saiT garbixar, idioto! es xom me
var, biWebo! es xom me var, saxlSi movrbivar ormoci
weli gulagSi amosaxrCobad!
ahyva. kargi sanaxavi iyo klub-sasadilo,
sadac mayurebelTa erTi
nawili gulze skdeboda da meore
nawili gulianad icinoda. sacodavma
timinma jer sxvebiviT gacineba
scada, ar gamouvida, mere uecrad
guli wauvida da samxreT kavkasiis
qristian xalxTa federaciis wevrebma,
qarTvelebma da somxebma gareT
gamoviyvaneT, sadac adgilobrivma
eskulapusma, arnold andersonma
saswrafod moiyvana gonze Tavisi
saxelganTqmuli nouhauTi, romel-
Sic arasaidumlo ingredientebidan
mravalZarRvasa da pitnis nayeni Sedioda,
xolo saidumlo ingredientebis
Semadgenlobas sabWoTa polivitaminebis
avtori saguldagulod
malavda.
_ esec Cveni sasiqadulo uinston
CerCili! _ wamoiZaxa Jora xomizurma,
_ ki werda amaze aleqsandr isaeviCi,
magram me mainc gadaWarbebuli
kritika megona.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 102
cxeli Sokoladi 81
saavtoro
xelovneba da `perversiebi~
akrZaluli survilebi
avtori: giorgi maisuraZe
ilustracia: maia sumbaZe
„Cven visjebiT imitom, rom seqsi viRacam odesRac codvad gamoacxada“.
miSel fuko
Rrmadmorwmune rus filosofoss vasili rozanovs
aseTi azri ekuTvnis: Tuki seqsi siyvarulis umaRlesi
xorcieli gamoxatulebaa, maSin ratomRa unda gvikvirdes
incesti? _ is xom adamianis ukeTilSobiles
ltolvas ganasaxierebs...
82 cxeli Sokoladi
incesti, anu seqsualuri kavSiri sakuTari ojaxis
wevrebTan, kacobriobis istoriis albaT yvelaze
didi da uZvelesi tabua, romlis gaCenasac anTropologebi
kulturis warmoSobas, adamianTa jogis
_ sazogadoebad, civilizaciad qcevas ukavSireben.
„kultura“ da „civilizacia“ ki adamianis ara mxolod
ganviTarebulobis, aramed misi Tavisuflebis
CaxSobis simboloebicaa. filosofosi herbert markuze
werda, rom „Tuki Tavisuflebis arqetipi CaxSobis
ararsebobaa, civilizacia am Tavisuflebis
winaaRmdeg brZolad SegviZlia ganvixiloT“. Tumca,
Tavisuflebis aRmniSvneli uZvelesi sityva, romelic
Sumerul enaSia mocemuli, erTgvar „incestualur“
Sinaarss gadmogvcems, romelic sityva-sityviT „dedasTan
dabrunebas“ niSnavs da am metaforiT mzis
RmerTis RamRamobiT sakuTar dedis wiaRSi Sesvla da
diliT misi saSodan kvlavdabadeba igulisxmeba.
davubrundeT isev markuzes debulebas, romelic
civilizaciisa da CaxSobis, anu „represiis“ urTierTmimarTebis
fsiqoanalitikur suraTs gadmogvcems:
fsiqoanalizis fuZemdebelma zigmund froidma incestis
Tema gasaRebad gamoiyena adamianis aracnobieri
fsiqikis uxilav samyaroSi Sesasvlelad da berZnuli
miTologiis erT-erTi yvelaze tragikuli gmiris mefe
oidiposis figuriT fsiqoanalitikuri metafora „oidiposis
kompleqsi“ Seqmna, romelic patara bavSvis sasiyvarulo
ltolvas gansxvavebuli sqesis mSoblis mimarT
gamoxatavs. amasTanave, sakuTari sqesis mSobeli
bavSvisaTvis konkurentad aRiqmeba da aseTi gaorebuli
damokidebuleba siyvarulisa da siZulvilis pirveladi
obieqtebisadmi gansazRvravs adamianis fsiqoseqsualur
bunebas. froidis Tanaxmad, aracnobieri
fsiqika gandevnili da CaxSobili survilebisagan Sedgeba,
romlebic adamians nevrozebis, fsiqozebisa da
sxva fsiqikuri usiamovnebebis saxiT ubrundeba. warmoSobisTanave
CaxSobili survilebi ki aracnobier-
Sive „perversiebad“ gardaiqmneba, romlebsac froidi
fotografiul termin „negativs“ adarebs: perversiebi
nevrozebis negativebia. Tavad „perversia“ ki laTinuri
warmoSobis sityvaa da qarTulad „gaukuRmarTebad“
iTargmneba da masSi, upirveles yovlisa, sazogadoebrivad
miRebuli normebidan gadaxveva igulisxmeba.
seqsologiaSi ki es termini seqsualobis garkveul
marginalur formebs aRniSnavs, rogorebicaa, magali-
Tad, sodomia, anu seqsualuri ltolva cxovelebis
mimarT, an koprofilia _ seqsualuri aRgzneba ganavalze,
agreTve nekrofilia _ gvamebis siyvaruli da
a. S. perversiaTa yvelaze gavrcelebul formebad ki
sadizmi, anu partniorisaTvis seqsualuri aqtis dros
tkivilis miyeneba da misi sapirispiro forma _ mazoxizmi,
anu sasiyvarulo grZnobis tkivilTan da tanjvasTan
gaigiveba miiCneva. es ukanaskneli, romelic
samedicino terminad XIX saukuneSi gaCnda da romelic
avstrieli mwerlis leopold fon zaxer-mazoxis saxels
ukavSirdeba, ukve XX saukunis meore naxevarSi
araerTi Teoretikosis mier SemoqmedebiTi procesis
erT-erT mTavar mamoZravebel impulsad gamocxadda:
xelovani, romelic sakuTari survilebisa da ltol-
saavtoro
vebis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobas acnobierebs, maT
realizebas mxatvruli fantaziebis meSveobiT cdilobs.
xelovnebis nawarmoebi ki avtoris mier gancdili
tkivilebis gamosaxva da warmosaxvis gziT maTi xelaxali
gancdaa. amdenad, xelovneba pirdapir kavSirSia
„perversiebTan“.
„perversia“ aris akrZalvis, normebis dawesebis Sedegi
da ara adamianis fsiqikis „pirvandeli“ mdgomareoba.
imisaTvis, rom akrZalvam „imuSaos“, arqaul
da tradiciul sazogadoebebSi mas religiuri Sinaarsi
aqvs da is RmerTis an RmerTebis nebad cxaddeba.
RmerTis saxeliT laparakis monopolia ki religiur
instituciebsa aqvT, romelTa sazogadoebrivi da
politikuri funqciac ara „WeSmaritebis“ samsaxuri,
aramed swored represiuli, CamxSobi da sadamsjelo
meqanizmebis legitimaciaa. winaremodernul sazogadoebebSi
kanonmdebloba, romelic sazogadoebriv
urTierTobaTa dasaregulireblad iqmneba, sakraluri,
religiuri Sinaarsisaa da misi mizani, upirveles
yovlisa, sazogadoebrivi ierarqiebisa da Zalauflebis
sistemebis ganmtkicebaa, romlebsac adamianTa
Tavisufleba ewireba msxverplad. amitomac sruliad
bunebrivia, rom yvela humanisturi Tu saganmanaTleblo
da ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kritikis mTavari
samizne religiuri instituciebia, ramdenadac
religia, raoden amaRlebul da kacTmoyvare idealebidanac
unda iyos warmoSobili (amis TvalsaCino
magaliTia qristes moZRvreba), sazogadoebriv-politikur
instituciad qcevisTanave, sadamsjelo da
totalitaruli ideologiebis saTaved gvevlineba.
religiis siaxlove totalitarizmTan imdenad didia,
rom TviT yvelaze metad aTeisturi totalitarizmebic
ki sakuTar ideologiebs religiebis analogiiT
qmnian da maT msgavsad represiebiTa da SeCvenebiT
dganan „ubiwobisa“ da „moralis“ sadarajoze. Tumcaki
saxelisuflebo da religiur instituciaTa istoria
imasac gvaCvenebs, rom xSirad swored moralisa
da zneobis am darajebs xelT epyraT monopolia
imaze, rasac isini Tavad codvad da garyvnilebad
acxadebdnen. Zalaufleba, romelic mis armqoneTa
damorCilebiTa da daqvemdebarebiT xorcieldeba,
siamovnebaze uflebis garanticaa da, amdenad, marTebuli
mgonia is mosazreba, rom revoluciebi swored
am uflebis mosapoveblad xdeba.
Tumca arsebobs sfero, romelSic ufro didi revoluciuri
Zvrebia SesaZlebeli, vidre nebismier
SeiaraRebul ajanyebaSi, saxelmwifo gadatrialebasa
Tu „xaverdovan“ revoluciebSi. esaa Semoqmedeba,
romelSic da romlis meSveobiTac adamiani imis gancdas,
Tundac gamoxatuli warmosaxvis doneze mainc
axerxebs, risi realobaSi ganxorcielebis uflebac
mas zneobis anaforianma Tu sxva uniformianma damcvelebma
waarTves da saTavisod miisakuTres.
cxeli Sokoladi 83
saavtoro
yvela humanisturi Tu saganmanaTleblo da ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kritikis mTavari
samizne religiuri instituciebia, ramdenadac religia, raoden amaRlebul da kacTmoyvare
idealebidanac unda iyos warmoSobili (amis TvalsaCino magaliTia qristes moZRvreba),
sazogadoebriv-politikur instituciad qcevisTanave, sadamsjelo da totalitaruli
ideologiebis saTaved gvevlineba.
xelovnebis dabadeba `codvis~ sulidan
Tavis pirvel wignSi _ „tragediis dabadeba musikis
sulidan“ nicSe mefe oidiposis danaSauls _ mamis
mkvlelobasa da dedaze qorwinebas bunebriobis sawinaaRmdegod
mimarTul imdenad did qmedebas uwodebs,
romelic Tavad bunebas aiZulebs, misi idumalebani
gasces. nicSesTvis oidiposi filosofosis prototipia,
romelic akrZalul sferoSi SesvliT samyaros
idumal kanonebs imecnebs. igi mis saqciels promeTes
gmirobas adarebs, romelmac RmerTebs cecxli mohpara
da, maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod, adamianebs „RvTaebrivi
xelobebi“ aswavla. Zvel berZnul enaSi „xeloba“
da „xelovneba“ erTi da igive sityviT gadmoicema.
Semoqmedi adamianis pirvelxateba RmerTebis mier dawesebuli
kanonebis darRveva, am kanonebis winaaRmdeg
svlaa. „saidumloebebi“ ki, romlebic akrZalvebiTa
da xelSeuxeblobiTaa yadaRadasmuli, gandevnil da
Caklul survilTa is sferoa, romelSi cota xniT
mainc Caxedvis ufleba antikuri sazogadoebebis adamianebs
weliwadSi erTxel mainc misteriebis dros
eZleodaT. am religiuri dResaswaulebis zeniti iniciaciis
anu ziarebis ritualebi iyo. aseT ritualebs
ki xSirad sruliad Riad seqsualuri forma hqonda,
romelsac Tan axlda orgiebi da sqesobrivi rolebis
aRreva. maTi meSveobiT ki adamiani imas eziareboda,
risi uflebac mas yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebaSi ar
eZleoda. magram antikuri xanis adamianma isic icoda,
rom siamovnebis am formebze monopolia mxolod
RmerTebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. RmerTebi adamianebis
SeuzRudav uflebas siamovnebasa da gancxromaze
ganasaxierebdnen. es iyo maTi zeadamianuri Zalis,
RvTaebriobis gamoxatuleba. adamianebi ki, romlebic
sakuTari ZalauflebiT Tavs RmerTebs utolebdnen,
aseT Zalauflebas xSirad swored seqsualuri aRviraxsnilobiT
gamoxatavdnen.
misteriebis Tanmxlebi Zvel saberZneTsa da romSi
Teatraluri sanaxaobebic iyo, saidanac Tavisufali
xelovnebis pirveli formebi daibada. „Tavisufali
xelovneba“ am SemTxvevaSi swored religiuri normebisagan
Tavisuflebas niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac
berZeni tragikosi poeti esqile Tavsi tragediaSi
„mijaWvuli promeTe“ meamboxe titans aTqmevinebs,
rom uzenaesi RvTaebis _ zevsis xelisufleba daemxoba,
yofiT situaciaSi aseTi gancxadeba RvTis gmoba
iqneboda, literaturul TxzulebaSi ki, romelic
84 cxeli Sokoladi
misteriebis dros TamaSdeboda, xelovans imis saSualeba
eZleoda, rom sakuTari „mkrexeluri“ mosazreba
sajarod gamoeTqva.
magram amgvari „SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba“ mono-
Teisturi religiebis gamarjvebisTanave moispo. saxelmwifo
religiis rangSi aRzevebulma qristianobam
erTmaneTze miyolebiT akrZala olimpiuri TamaSobebi,
antikuri Teatri, filosofosTa akademiebi, TviT
sajaro „biblioTekebic“ ki. miuxedavad amisa, TviT
am „bnel xanad“ wodebul Sua saukuneebSic ki arsebobda
sferoebi, romlebSic eklesiam da Zalauflebis
struqturebma Tavisi represiuli aparatis amuSaveba
bolomde ver SeZles. pirvel rigSi, es iyo qristianuli
mistika, romelic saeklesio dogmatikis CarCoebSi
ver jdeboda da mis akrZalul sazRvrebsac abijebda.
ramdenadac mistikosebis umravlesoba Tavad
sasuliero piri iyo, azrs moklebuli ar unda iyos
is mosazreba, rom maT sruliad Segnebulad Seqmnes
werisa da saubris „gaucnaurebuli“ stili, romelsac
isini eklesiisa da oficiozis sxva Cinovnikebisagan
unda daecva. miuxedavad amisa, araerTi Sua saukuneebis
mistikosi an maTi naweri mainc aRmoCnda eklesiisa
da RmrTis saxeliT danTebul koconze.
mistika RvTaebriv siyvaruls eqstatur formas aZlevs.
qristianuli mistikis erT-erTi pirveli warmomadgeneli
fsevdo-dionise areopageli (swored is pirovneba,
romelic saqarTveloSi qarTuli warmomavlobis
RvTismetyvel petre iberTanaa gaigivebuli), RvTaebriv
siyvarulze saubrisas xmarobs berZnul sityva
„eross“, romelic xorciel siyvaruls niSnavs da ara
qristesmieri siyvarulisa Tu saTnoebis aRmniSvnel
„agapes“. amasTanave, es mistikosi eross kidev erT winaqristianul
berZnul termin „eqstaziasTan“ akavSirebs,
romelic eqstazs, Tavdaviwyebas gamoxatavs. sasiyvarulo
Tavdaviwyeba RmerTs samyaros aqmnevinebs.
amis sawinaaRmdegod, „oficialur“ qristianobaSi
sxeulebriv siamovnebaTa uaryofam da gmobam imdenad
totaluri saxe miiRo, rom Zalauneburad misi Sedareba
erT nevrotul meqanizmTan SeiZleboda, romelsac
„uaryofa“ ewodeba: nevrozebi, romelTa negativebic
perversiebia, TavianT farul Sinaarss misi amoCemebuli
uaryofiT, negaciiT gamoxataven. Sinaarsi, romlis
gamomzeurebasac nevrotuli pirovneba mTeli Tavisi
ZalisxmeviT ewinaaRmdegeba, sakuTar Tavs hyidis
am Sinaarsis arcTu iSviaTad sruliad ukonteqsto
da agresiul uaryofaSi. aseTi „uaryofebis“ yvelaze
cnobili da banaluri magaliTia: „iciT, me ara var
homoseqsuali... me homoseqsuali ar gegonoT“... amaze
fsiqoanalitikosis pirvelive reaqcia iqneboda: „ma-
Sasadame es pirovneba homoseqsualia“. arsebobs „uaryofis“
ufro mZafri muxtis matarebeli, agresiuli
variantebic: „me mZuls homoseqsualebi... pidarastebis
deda“... _ amgvari formulebis analiziT miRebuli
yvelaze martivi diagnozi ase SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes:
nevrozis Sinaarsi CaxSobili da gandevnili homoseqsualuri
survilis sado-mazoxistur perversiad
gardaqmnaa. adamianis siZulvilis obieqti sakuTari
Tavia, romelic gandevnil survils gaukuRmarTebuli,
anu perversiuli formiT isrulebs, rodesac mas
sZuls is adamianebi, romlebsac am survilis asruleba
SeuZliaT. am SemTxvevaSi misi agresia erosis, siyvarulis
gaukuRmarTebuli, Sebrunebuli formaa da
igi am formiT amyarebs Tavisi grZnobebis obieqtTan
erotul kavSirs. amasTanave, igi ganicdis mazoxistur
siamovnebas sakuTari Tavis dasjiT, pirvandeli survilis
codvad da mankierebad SeracxviT.
merab mamardaSvils ekuTvnis jojoxeTis metafo-
ris aseTi xatovani ganmarteba: „jojoxeTia, rodesac
dabmuli xar da Sen Tvalwin aupatiureben Sens satrfos“.
jojoxeTis kuprSi wva mazoxisturi fantaziebis
triumfia, romelic nebadakarguli adamianis
maradiul tanjvas da sakuTari survilebis verasrulebas,
maT gamo dasjasa da gvemas ganasaxierebs.
qristianulma eklesiam ki mTeli kacobrioba gamoacxada
codvilad da amisaTvis mas survilebsa da
siamovnebaze uaris Tqma da codvebis gamosasyidad
mTeli sicocxlis manZilze TviTgvema miusaja. amiT
ki eklesia miwaze, saaqaoSi Seudga imis Seqmnasa da
ganxorcielebas, rasac igi saiqioSi arsebul jojoxeTad
warmosaxavda. filosofos miSel fukos TqmiT,
„arasdros hqonia seqsualobas esoden uSualo da bunebrivi
mniSvneloba, rogorc Sua saukuneebis dacemuli
sxeulebisa da codvebis samyaroSi“.
xorcieli eqstazi, orgaistika, dawesebuli da
wmindad Seracxuli normebis darRveva Semoinaxa Sua
saukuneebis „dabal fenebad“ wodebul uuflebo da
saavtoro
wera-kiTxvis ucodinari xalxis karnavalurma kulturam,
romelTa qarTuli nairsaxeoba berikaoba da
yeenobaa. am kulturis yvelaze cnobili mkvlevari
mixail baxtini karnavals „utopiuri Tavisuflebis“
gamoxatulebas uwodebs, romlis drosac adamianebs
ufleba eZleodaT ierarqiisa da mmarTveli klasebisaTvis,
TviT saeklesio avtoritetebisTvisac ki
daecinaT, masxrad aegdoT normatiuli wesrigi da
SeuzRudavi Tavisuflebis idealuri samyaro Teatraluri
da xSirad „uxamsi“ formebiTac gamoesaxaT.
ukve gvian Sua saukuneebSi eklesiam karnavaluri
kultura alqajTa Tavyrilobad Seracxa da mTeli
Tavisi sisastike swored am uswavlel xelovanTa da
Tavisufal moazrovneTa winaaRmdeg mimarTa, magram
misi aRmofxvra mainc ver SeZlo. Tanamedrove samyaroSi
ki igi masobriv kulturas Seerwya da Cveulebriv
komerciul dResaswaulad iqca, romlis erTerTi
yvelaze cnobili magaliTicaa „helouini“.
baxtinisa da ara mxolod misi azriT, swored am
„mdabioTa“ uxamsma kulturam udidesi sasicocxlo
impulsebi misca renesansis saxviT xelovnebasa da
literaturas. karnavaluri warmoSobisaa xelovnebis
iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa parodia da groteski,
romlebSic utrirebisa da gadametebis meSveobiT,
epataJiTa da ironiiT sakmaod radikaluri socialuri
da politikuri kritika Tu protesti gamoixateba.
Tavad karnavaluri Janri ki, romlisTvisac dawesebuli
normebisa da sazRvrebis gadabijeba da „akrZaluli“
da codvad Seracxuli Temebis kultivirebaa
damaxasiaTebeli, mTeli simZafriT Sua saukuneebis
religiuri wesrigisa da „Zveli reJimebis“ damxobis
Semdeg gamoCnda da TandaTanobiT klasikur Janrad
iqca, romlebsac ukve universitetebSi aswavlian.
xelovneba, rogorc `paTologia~ da
`boroteba~
„Я люблю смотреть как умирают дети“. _ vladimir
maiakovski
XVIII saukuneSi, safrangeTis revoluciamde ramdenime
wliT adre gaCnda literaturuli Janri,
cxeli Sokoladi 85
saavtoro
Tuki civilizaciis, wesrigiani samyaros arqetipi Tavisuflebis CaxSobaa, Semoqmedeba
am dakarguli Tavisuflebis ukan dabrunebisa da misi gancdis, sulieri travmebisa da
tkivilebisgan gankurnebis erTaderTi saSualebacaa.
romelsac „libertinuli“ ewoda da romelic, sayovelTaod
aRiarebuli moraluri da seqsualuri
normebis sawinaaRmdegod, srul aRviraxsnilobas
aRwerda da yovelgvar zneobriv tradicias abuCad
igdebda. am Janris erT-erTi pirveli da yvelaze
cnobili warmomadgeneli frangi markizi donasien
alfons fransua de sadi kacobriobis istoriaSi,
upirveles yovlisa, misi saxelidan warmoebuli fsiqopaTologiuri
terminis sadizmis saxeliT Sevida.
sadi, garda skandaluri romanebis avtorobisa, axali
epoqis pirveli udidesi disidentic iyo, romelic
Tanabari ukompromisobiTa da radikalurobiT
akritikebda jer monarqiasa da samRvdeloebas, Semdeg
iakobinelTa diqtaturasa da „direqtorias“,
bolos ki napoleonis imperias. XX saukunis germaneli
dramaturgis peter vaisis piesaSi „marat/sadi“
ukve fsiqiatriul klinikaSi iZulebiT moTavsebuli
sadi ixsenebs safrangeTis mefe lui XV-ze ganxorcielebul
warumatebel teraqtSi dadanaSaulebuli
pirovnebis _ damianes sikvdiliT dasjis ambavs.
parizis erT-erT centralur moedanze ramdenime
saaTs grZeldeboda sikvdiliT dasjis sanaxaoba.
braldebuli neli da xangrZlivi wamebiT mokles.
am istoriis gaxsenebisas ki sads yuradReba imaze
gadaaqvs, rom moedanze mdgari erTi saxlis fanjaraSi
jakomo kazanova Cans, romelsac erTdroulad
or qalTan seqsi aqvs. Cemi azriT, peter vaiss am
erT scenaSi naCvenebi aqvs sadis Semoqmedebis mTeli
arsi: im dros, rodesac safrangeTSi mravalwliani
politikuri terori, samoqalaqo Tu imperiuli omebi
mZvinvarebda, sadma Tavis romanebSi yovelgvar
zRudes moklebuli da „aRviraxsnili“ seqsualobis
detaluri aRweriT erTgvari hiperrealoba Seqmna,
romelmac yoveldRe giliotinaze mokveTili Tavebis
naxviT emociebdaClungebuli adamianebis Se-
Zrwuneba da maTTvis mgrZnobelobis unaris dabruneba
SeZlo.
sekularuli „modernis“ xanaSi religiuri akr-
Zalvebis adgili sazogadoebrivma moralizmma da
iurisprudenciam daikava, religiebs samecniero
diskursebi Caenacvla, „codvas“ _ „perversiebi“
da „paTologiebi“. XIX saukunis araerTi cnobili
mwerali da xelovani aRmoCnda axali zneobrivi
instanciebis Setevisa da Tavdasxmebis samizne.
samagaliTod gustav floberisa da oskar uaildis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo procesebis gax-
86 cxeli Sokoladi
senebac SeiZleba. araevropul qveynebSi ki, magali-
Tad ruseTis imperiaSi, sadac sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis
done sagrZnoblad CamorCeboda evropul
standartebs, 1917 wlamde isev mZlavrobda saeklesio
cenzura, romelsac Zala Seswevda dostoevskis
romanidan „eSmakni“ mTeli erTi Tavi amoeRo, xolo
tolstoi anaTemisTvis gadaeca.
magram aseT konfliqtebze metad mniSvnelovani
is aris, rom „modernis“ xanaSi xelovanis, Semoqmedi
adamianis da Tavad Semoqmedebis paradigma icvleba
an, ufro swori iqneboda, xelovnebis dafaruli arsi
mJRavndeba: literatura da xelovneba (romlebic
am SemTxvevaSi erTi da igivea) gvevlineba rogorc
Semdgari, ganxorcielebuli subversia, mimarTuli
moraluri warmodgenebisa da politikuri wesrigis
winaaRmdeg. xelovnebis subversiuloba imiTac gamoixateba,
rom is adamianebis nervebze moqmedebs,
wesebs da konvenciebs arRvevs, mudmiv konfliqtSia
sazogadoebasTan da mis tradiciul faseulobeb-
Tan. esaa xelovnebis suverenulobis arsi, romelic
verc erTi normatiuli wesrigis farglebSi ver Tavsdeba
da, rogorc iuri lotmani ambobs, „ara mxolod
akrZaluls, aramed SeuZlebelsac SesaZlebels
xdis“. is, rac ver xerxdeba realobaSi, xorcs isxams
gamoTqmul da gamosaxul fantaziebSi. xelovneba
imdenadaa xelovneba, ramdenadac igi „akrZalul
Temebs“ ar cnobs, ramdenadac misTvis zRudeebi da
Tematuri ierarqiebi ar arsebobs da yvelaze Zlieri
ideologiuri wnexisa Tu zogjer niRbis qveSac
ki arsebuli realobis Semaryevel biZgebs warmoqmnis.
yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, xelovneba ideologiuri
nagvis reproduqciis samsaxurSia. xelovnebaSi ara
mxolod cocxldeba, aramed legitimuri xdeba is,
rac akrZaluli da CaxSobili iyo _ adamianis survilebi,
romlebic represiis Sedegad „gaukuRmarTebuli“,
perversiuli saxiT amotivtivdeba Semoqmedi
adamianis imaginarul, anu warmosaxviT samyaroSi. es
faqtori ki ukve radikalurad cvlis xelovani adamianis,
rogorc xelovnebis subieqtis paradigmas: is
RvTisgan boZebuli zeadamianuri unarebiT dajildoebuli
RmerTkaci ki aRaraa, aramed sigiJis zRvarze
myofi, garyvnili da amoraluri fantaziebis
patroni, romelsac sircxvilis grZnoba aqvs dakarguli
da sakuTar uintimures detalebsac ki sajarod
yvelas acnobs. jer kidev XIX saukuneSi gavrcelda
azri, rom genialuroba fsiqopaTiis nairsaxeobaa.
poststruqturalizmis erT-erTi pirveli Teoretikosi
rolan bartis azriT ki, „yvela mwerals Seu-
Zlia Tqvas: sigiJemde ver vqaCav, janmrTelad yofnas
ver vkadrulob, maSasadame nevrotuli var“.
iseve rogorc nevrozebis, xelovnebis „negativebic“
perversiebia. XX saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze
skandaluri mwerali da Teoretikosi JorJ batai Tavis
Teoriul naSromSi, romelsac „literatura da
boroteba“ ewodeba, ase gansazRvravs literaturis
arss: „literatura... borotebis mwvaved gamoxatuli
formaa, Tavad borotebaa... es debuleba ara moralis
arqonas, aramed zemorals moiTxovs“. amgvari
„zemorali“ yofiTi samyaros zneobriv normativebze
gadabijebas niSnavs. aqve gasaxsenebelia lotmanis
azric, rom yoveli axali, novatoruli mxatvruli
forma, „tradiciuli azris matarebelTa mxridan
ukanonod da maTi grZnobebis Seuracxmyofladac ki
fasdeba; esaa Sokis momgvreli metafora, romelic
SemoqmedebiTi aqtis Sedegia“. anu Semdgari SemoqmedebiTi
aqti ukve Tavisdauneburad damkvidrebuli
formebisa da normebis ngrevas an maTgan gamijvnas,
maT uaryofasac iwvevs. amdenad, sruliad bunebri-
via isic, rom tradicionalistebi mas sakuTar Rirebulebebze
Tavdasxmad aRiqvamen. amis sapirispirod,
ideologiuri fsevdo-xelovneba sicocxlisgan daclili
da didi xnis gaxunebuli mkvdari formebis
kvlavwarmoebiTaa dakavebuli, romlebic wmindad
propagandistuli Sinaarsis garda, aranair emociur
muxts ar gadmoscemen. esaa frigiduli xelovneba an
xelovnebis surogati, romelic ara cocxali adamianebisaTvis,
aramed zombebisaTvisaa gankuTvnili,
maT kidev ufro metad dasakabaleblad da maTSi
sicocxlis impulsebis kidev ufro metad gasaneitraleblad.
xelovneba imdenadaa dinamikuri da cocxali,
ramdenadac mas axali formebis, metaforebis,
gamosaxvis saSualebebis warmoqmna SeuZlia,
romlebic Tavdapirvelad perversiad da uxamsobad
aRiqmeba da sazogadoebaSi daZabuloba Semoaqvs.
gansakuTrebiT aRSfoTebulia sazogadoebis is nawili,
romelic xelovnebis nawarmoebSi sakuTar Tavs,
sakuTar verrealizebul da CaxSobil grZnobebs
saavtoro
amoicnobs. aseTi adamianebi sakuTar farul vnebebs
gaSiSvlebulsa da mxilebuls xedaven, rogorc dostoevskis
romanis „danaSaulisa da sasjelis“ mTavar
protagonists, rodion raskolnikovs quCaSi yurmokruli
fraza „mkvlelo!“ mis pirovnul samxilad
eCveneba. aseve xelovnebis nawarmoebis SinaarsiTa
Tu formiT aRSfoTebuli adamianic mas Tavis pirovnul
„lustraciad“ da Seuracxyofad iRebs.
rodesac xelovneba Tavis perversiulobas kargavs
da sayovelTaod misaRebi da xelmisawvdomi
xdeba, banalur stereotipad gadaiqceva, romelic
pirvandel mniSvnelobas icvlis da TandaTanobiT
ideologiuri instrumentis funqciasac iZens. rolan
barti literaturul Txzulebas usaqcielo
pirovnebas adarebs, romelic „mama-politikas ukanals
aCvenebs“. „mama-politika“ aq konservatoruli
azrovnebis, ideologiuri kulturis statikurobis
simboloa, romelic „Svilebisgan“ morCilebasa
da qedmoxrilobas moiTxovs da nebismieri sasicocxlo
formis aqtiobis gamovlinebas SeCvenebiTa da
CaxSobiT emuqreba. mxatvruli nawarmoebiT amgvari
avtoritetebisa da cenzorebis mimarT is SiSi da
mowiweba gadailaxeba, romelic adamianis sasicocxlo
energiebis daTrgunviskenaa mimarTuli. Tuki
civilizaciis, wesrigiani samyaros arqetipi Tavisuflebis
CaxSobaa, Semoqmedeba am dakarguli Tavisuflebis
ukan dabrunebisa da misi gancdis, sulieri
travmebisa da tkivilebisgan gankurnebis erTader-
Ti saSualebacaa. amdenad Semoqmedebas, raoden cinikuri
da „borotic“, „garyvnilebisa“ da „perversiebis“
gamomsaxvelic unda iyos igi, Terapiuli
funqcia aqvs ara mxolod avtorisaTvis, aramed misi
mimRebi da gamgebi auditoriisTvisac. aqve gasagebia
avtoritaruli ideologiuri organizaciebis,
rogoricaa eklesia, xelovnebisadmi SiSi da zizRi,
ramdenadac xelovnebas, zogjer Sokuri, zogjer ki
ufro Sefaruli da SeniRbuli formiT adamianebSi
sicocxlisa da Tavisuflebisaken ltolvis impulsebis
gamZafreba SeuZlia. es ki adamianis nebisa da
survilebis damTrgunvel instituciebs dasayrdensa
da Zalauflebas aclis.
cxeli Sokoladi 87
gagrZeleba
erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis
obda, saqarTveloSi axali, Signidan
warmoqmnili barieri gaCnda
avangardisa da Tanamedrove xelovnebisTvis.
es iyo komerciulobis
da prestiJulobis gafetiSeba.
arakomerciuli aq warumatebel-
Tan da uiRblosTan gaigivda, ri-
Tac, TavisTavad win wamoiwia Tanamedrove
art konteqstebisTvis
miuRebelma salonurma Rirebulebebma.
saqarTveloSi burJuaziuli
kultura bolomde ver Semovida
da mdidruli, Tanamedrove galereebi
naklebad Seiqmna. moskovs,
rogorc megapoliss, aseTi pretenziis
meti Sansi hqonda da albaT
amitomac, Tavs iseTi fufunebis
uflebac misca, rom sakuTar
kulturaSi wamyvan generatorad
daetovebina araformaluri xelovneba.
marTlac, dRes kabakovi muzeu-
mebSia, bugaevs, igive afrikas, niu-
iorkSi xSirad naxavT da CelsiSic
gamoifineba, german vinogradovi
moskovSi, isev sakuTar samsarTulian
binaSi atarebs grandiozul
alqimiur-Samanur-musikalur performansebs
yovel kvira dRes, Tu
evropul turneebze ar aris wasuli.
bartenevi sabWoTa xelovnebis
magnatTan, zurab wereTelTan er-
Tad awyobs erTobliv samxatvro
seansebs. Jana aguzarova da sxva
rusi artistebi amerikidan isev
ruseTs daubrundnen. TbilisSic,
`meaTe sarTulTan~ dakavSirebuli
artistebi yovelwliurad axal
samuSaos gvTavazoben. awyoben gamofenebs
da isini dResac progresuli
inteleqtualuri dizainis
birTvs warmoadgenen. da mainc, am
yvelafris institucionalizacia
jer kidev ar momxdara, da is Cven-
diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi
gagrZeleba
studenturi amboxeba mickeviCis
poema `papebis~ akrZalviT daiwyo,
magram xelisuflebis mier `Segdebuli~
xazis wyalobiT, male
antisemitizmis niSnebi SeiZina.
maSin am ambebma Seiwira mwerali
iasenica, romelic studentebis
Tavdapirvel moTxovnebs mxars
aqtiurad uWerda. iasenicas ciliswamebis
talRa daatyda da
gulma veRar gauZlo. es iyo `swori
polonelebis~ xelSi Cadebuli
samarTeblis namdvili msxverpli.
Julavskis, SeiZleba qvecnobieradac,
raRac metis Tqma undoda _
mowesrigebulobaSi, sworxazovnebasa
da meinstrimulSi damalul
safrTxeze miTiTeba.
ajanyebebi da qalebi
`ra aris poloneTi bolos da
bolos, _ uTqvams erT rus diplomats
varSavaSi, banketze, _ bevri
kartofili, vaSli da `straikebi,
straikebi~... diplomati mTvrali
iyo da mTavari daaviwyda _ poloneli
qalebi. Tanac bolo ori
elementi erTmaneTs mWidrod ukavSirdeba.
sadac ajanyebebi iyo,
iyvnen poloneli qalebic, rogorc
STagonebis, suliskveTebis
wyaro. nikoloz I-s uyvarda poloneli
qalebi, da Tan, mgoni, cota
eSinoda kidec maTi, imitom rom
poloneTSi momsaxure Svils, momaval
imperators werilSi afrTxilebda,
_ frTxilad iyavi magaT-
Tan, raRac magiuri momnusxveli
Zala aqvTo. vfiqrob, saqme ufro
martivad iyo _ am qveynis specifikurma
bedma Seqmna gansakuTrebuli
qali, eris inteleqtis, da
kidev ufro metad, suliskveTebis
matarebeli.
1864 wels, sisxlSi CaxSobili
ajanyebidan TiTqmis erTi wlis
Semdeg nikolozi varSavaSi Cavida.
iqaur elitas `Jesti~, Tu
raRac amis msgavsi gaukeTa, Tan
Tvalsac wyals daalevinebda. magram
imperatori swored maT dazafres,
visi wyalobis imedic
hqonda. poloneTis yvelaze war-
90 cxeli Sokoladi
Cinebuli, yvelaze lamazi qalebi
sazeimo mejlisze sruli samgloviaro
`amuniciiT~ daxvdnen, imdeni
TavSekavebiT, ris saSualebasac
etiketi (mainc maTi imperatori
iyo) iZleoda. erTaderTi samkauli,
rac im dRes darbazSi ekeTaT,
foladis iyo: sikvdiliT dasjili
poloneli oficrebis ojaxebma
maTi iaraRi gadaadnes da maTdami
pativis misagebad es mouxeSavi,
ubralo saprotesto samkauli daamzadebines.
varSavis saxelmwifo
muzeumSi erTi darbazia, sadac
mxolod am qalebis portretebia
gamofenili. am suraTebze isini
swored ise gamoiyurebian, rogorc
nikoloz I-s daxvdnen.
polonuri tradiciiT, qali pasiur,
simyudrovis Semqmnel arsebad
sulac ar ganixileboda; piriqiT,
is qmnida standarts, maRal
standarts, romelic mamakacs modunebis
saSualebas ar aZlevda,
myudro cxovrebas urRvevda, Seurigeblobisken
mouwodebda. es sadRac
oci wlis asakSi, bulat okujavas
`diletantebis mogzaurobis~
wakiTxvam Semaxsena. romanSi mTeli
poloneTi am or qalSi, araordinarul
deda-SvilSi iyris Tavs. cnobili
ambavia, colebi, marto rus
dekabristebs ki ara, me-19 saukunis
polonel meamboxeebsac mihyvebodnen
cimbirSi, magram, Tu Cemi STabeWdileba
sworia, es ambavi poloneTSi
iseTi miTologizebuli araa,
rogorc ruseTSi.
`retradicionalizacia~:
tradiciaze gadabijebiT
oTxmociani wlebi poloneTSic,
iseve rogorc sabWoTa kavSirSi,
saintereso da cocxali periodi
iyo, Tumca, iq _ amas Semawuxebeli
siRaribec axlda, radgan aRmosavleT
blokis krizisi pirvelad
am qveyanaSi gamomJRavnda. uRaribesi
Sliaxtis devizi _ `Sarvals
vyidi, fraks vitoveb~ _ cocxalia,
rogorc arasdros. magram ai,
bloki daSlilia da masSi Semaval
qveynebs Tavisufali ganviTare-
bis saSualeba eZlevaT. `postkomunistebTan~
(iaroslav kaCinskis
sayvareli terminia) brZolaSi,
maincdamainc maSin, roca Sarvlis
gayidvis aucilebloba aRar dgas
_ polonuri ekonomikuri reformis
mamis, balceroviCis TqmiT,
qveyanas aseTi xelsayreli periodi
300 welia, aRar hqonia _ ibadeba
axali filisteruli tendencia,
romlis gaCena TiTqos bunebrivia,
magram garkveul safrTxeebs Seicavs:
retradicionalizacia. poloneTSi
am mimarTulebas romis
papis polonelobam, misma ganuzomelma
avtoritetmac Seuwyo xeli.
polonelebis didi nawilisTvis
am periodSi yvelaferi gasagebia;
arsebobs ideali, romelic, Tu
memarcxenuli Zalebis kritikas
ar CavTvliT, unakloa, srulyofilebaa.
es tendencia dualurad
iyo dakavSirebuli Zvel, polonur
tradiciasTan: imeorebda, magram,
rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,
Tanac uaryofda mxolod misTvis
damaxasiaTebel niSnebs, da, ra
Tqma unda, qalis mimarT damokidebulebazec
iqonia gavlena.
polonuri feminizmi saTaves mecxramete
saukunis pirvel wlebSi
iRebs, da dRevandlamde, ase iTvleba,
Svid talRad aRwevs. bunebrivia,
ori didi, 1831 da 1863-64
wlebis amboxeba qalebis rolis
gaaqtiurebas iwvevs. feminizmis
meore talRa swored am periodze
modis. ormocian wlebSi qveyanaSi
Zlieria JorJ sandis da `la gazet
de fam~-is gavlena; iqmneba qalebis
dajgufeba `enTuziastki~; pirveli
filosofosi qali eleonora zimiencka
wers `mosazrebebs qalTa
aRzrdis Sesaxeb~, romelic qalSi
jer adamianis, pirovnebis aRzrdis
aucileblobas adasturebs, Semdeg
ki _ qaluri sawyisis. magram mgoni,
arc erT talRas ar Sexvedria
iseTi winaaRmdegoba, rogorc ukanasknels,
romlis warmomadgenlebs
kaTolikuri eklesiis mzardi
gavlenis pirobebSi mouwiaT cxovreba.
1993 wels qveyanaSi oficia-
lurad aikrZala abortebi, ramdenime
wlis Semdeg ki _ sqesobrivi
aRzrdis gakveTilebi skolebSi.
SeCerda kontracefciasTan dakav-
Sirebuli saxelmwifo programebi.
Tu es xdeboda kvaSnevskis prezidentobis
periodSi, romelic ka-
Tolikuri platformiT ar mosula,
`kanonis da samarTlianobis~
xelisuflebaSi mosvlis Semdeg
tendencia mxolod gaZlierda.
morwmune polonuri ojaxebis didma
nawilma CaTvala, rom sami k-s
biurgeruli kombinacia qalisTvis
sruliad sakmarisia.
samociani-oTxmociani wlebis
poloneTi rus mwerals viqtor
erofeevs ase warmoedgina: `es iyo
axalgazrda, aRtyinebuli, gadareuli
da aRviraxsnili poloneTi,
romelsac mis dauZinebel mter-
Tan, sabWoTa kavSirTan yvelaferi
brwyinvaled gasdioda. mis fonze,
poloneTi TvalismomWrel, lamaz
qalad Canda, romelic mokle kabas
atarebda, rok-n-rols cekvavda,
uZilo Rameebis Semdeg kosCiolSi
loculobda... Cven yvelam gamoviareT
aseTi poloneTiT aRfrTovanebis
periodi~. magram is poloneTi
aRar aris. axla mas sakuTar
TavTan uwevs brZola. `paradoqsuli
ram moxda _ sovietizmis kraxis
Semdeg poloneTs raRac sxva
`sabWouroba~ daemarTa. glexuri
sijiute. eklesiisadmi usazRvro
ndoba, TiTqmis iseTi, rogorc
sabWoeTSi _ partiis mimarT, politikuri
niSnuli gaxda. qveynis
beds ironiulRimiliani kverTxisTavebi
wyveten, romlebsac nacionalizmis,
antisemitizmis da
provinciuli mesianobis wylulebi
awuxebT. poloneli inteligencia,
romelic am skandalur ambavs SeuiaraRebeli
TvaliT xedavs, daberebul,
ususur qals daemsgavsa,
radgan Tavisuflebis wlebSi misi
roli sabazro ekonomikis kanonebs
daumorCiles~.
lex kaCinski, poloneTis daRupuli
prezidenti, Zveli, ruseT-
Tan mZafrad dapirispirebuli, ka-
Tolikuri poloneTis Svili iyo,
faseulobebis Sesabamisi paketiT.
saerTod, aSkaraa, rom tradiciuli
qarTul-polonuri solidaroba
swored am pakets efuZneba.
axalgazrda, gansxvavebuli poloneTi
naklebadaa cnobili. masTan
urTierTobas safuZvlad isev Zveli
tradicia udevs, magram SeiZleba
male es sakmarisi aRar iyos.
poloneTi yvelasia
roca kaCinskis erT-erT interviuSi
hkiTxes, Tu ras fiqrobs
poloneTis kaTolicizirebaze
(ucnaurad dasmuli kiTxvaa, magram
azri, mgoni, gasagebia), man
upasuxa, _ `es qveynis deqristianizebas
gamoiwvevda, me ki es ar
minda, mxolod imitom ki ara, rom
morwmune var, aramed imis gamoc,
rom sxva, yvelasaTvis misaRebi
arCevani ar gvaqvs. xSirad mixdeba
erT magidasTan iseT adamianeb-
Tan jdoma, visi azrebic Cemsas ar
emTxveva, da maT mimarT simpaTii-
Tac ki var ganwyobili~. Tumca,
roca misi merobis periodSi gei
organizaciebma aRlumis Catarebis
moTxovniT mimarTes, kaCinskim
maT ganucxada, rom pativs scems
maT moqalaqeobriv uflebebs, magram
ara _ maTi, rogorc geebis,
uflebas.
poloneTs hqonda Sansi, gansxvavebulTa
Soris iseTi TanaarsebobisTvis
mieRwia, rogorzec wignis
`daumorCilebelTa geneologiis~
avtori werda: `iqneb am gansjam
imaT argos, vinc morwmuneebs da
urwmunoebs Soris arsebul zRvars
barikadebad aRiqvams... eklesiis
gare eTikuri tradiciebis
mimdevrebma ukuagdon miTi
antihumanisturi qristianobis
Sesaxeb da saxarebas mimarTon...
qristianma ki gaacnobieros, rom
eklesiis gareT myofi misi TanamoZme
eTikur vakuumSi ar cxovrobs,
aramed masaviT _ da masaviT
mouqnelad _ cdilobs sakuTari
zneobrivi kodeqsis xorcSesxmas.
am kodeqsSi asaxulia Tavdapirve-
gagrZeleba
li sikeTe da samaridiso WeSmariteba,
romelsac yvela Cvengani ase
eZiebs da ase xSirad Ralatobs~.
arsebobs kidev erTi polonuri
ideali, romelic iagelonuri
(didi, Wreli _ rac gnebavT, is
davarqvaT _ roca sityva polonelisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel Semwynareblobaze
Camovardeba, sabuTad
iagelonuri xana moaqvT xolme)
poloneTis safuZvelSi devs. roca
poloneTis da litvis samefoebi
dinastiuri qorwinebiT erTiandeboda,
1413 wels am movlenis damadasturebel
gorodlos uniaSi
Caiwera: `mxolod siyvaruli araa
amaoeba: siyvaruli sxivosania, wyenas
aSuSebs, mSvidobas amkvidrebs,
dayofilT aerTianebs, dacemulT
fexze wamoayenebs...siyvaruli qmnis
kanonebs, samefoebs marTavs, qalaqebs
safuZvels uyris... amis gamoa,
rom Cven, aq erTad Tavmoyrilebi,
siyvarulis farqveS Tavis modrekis
msurvelebi da misadmi wminda grZnobiT
aRvsilebi am qaRaldiT vadasturebT,
rom Cveni saxlebis da
ojaxebis SeerTeba da Sekvra gvsurs~.
erTianobaze saubari legendaruli
`solidarnosCis~ wlebTan
gvabrunebs, roca ideologiurad
dapirispirebuli adamianebi brZolis
strategias erTad irCevdnen,
ramac muSebis da inteligenciis
`gaugonari, SesaSuri fenomeni~
Seqmna. amis gamo, gdanskis gemTm-
Senebeli qarxnis muSebTan solidaruli
Zalebic erTiandebodnen:
norvegiaSi maoistebi konservatorebTan
erTad gamoxatavdnen protests
poloneTis movlenebis Taobaze,
safrangeTSi _ trockistebi
da qristianuli profkavSirebi, inglisSi
_ memarcxeneebi da konservatori
inteleqtualebi. indoeTSi
gdanskis ambebidan ori wlis Semdegac
ki saxlebis fasadebze didi
asoebiT ewera: `imperialisturo
sabWoeTo: xelebi Sors poloneTisagan!~
`rogorc wesi, mxardaWeras
erT romelime movlenas an memarjveneebi
ucxadeben, an memarcxeneebi,
magram `solidarnosCma~ amis
cxeli Sokoladi 91
gagrZeleba
gadalaxva moaxerxa. `ratom vuWerdi
mxars solidarobas? imitom rom
miyvars imis keTeba, rac sakuTar
Tavze maRla mayenebs~, _ werda
wlebis Semdeg erT-erTi norvegieli
aqtivisti.
...
am dReebSi rene harlinis filmis
nawyveti vnaxe _ kadrebi, roca
oTxi prezidenti parlamentis SenobasTan
Sekrebili mwared damarcxebuli
qarTveli xalxis winaSe
gamodis; xalxis, romelsac hgonia,
rom gaimarjva. mere prezidentebi
erTmaneTs xelebs sWideben da
maRla sweven. erT-erTi lex ka-
Cinskia, im dReebis solidarobis
gansaxiereba. ukanasknel wuTs yvelaferi
Tvalwin damidga. es scena;
polonelebis mier sul cota xnis
win gancdili elda da naRveli; ka-
Cinskis foto, romelic im dReebSi
nanax aTas sxva suraTs Soris
mexsierebaSi CamrCa, da romelzec
kaCinski polonuri droSis winaSe
muxlebze dgas. suraTi RamiTaa
gadaRebuli, rac atmosferos in-
`mkvdari klasis~ Canawerebi
mxolod am movlenidan didi xnis
Semdeg dabrunda abstraqcia TeatrSi.
1944 weli, krakovi. Teatri
nangrevebad iqca. abstraqtuli
xelovneba poloneTSi mxolod
omamde arsebobda. ebraelTa genocidis
Semdeg igi gaqra. gasagebia,
rom aseT viTarebaSi abstraqtuli
xelovnebis idea kvdeba,
radgan is sisastikis msxverplia.
omis Semdgomi realoba bevrad
ufro saSinelia, xolo xelovnebis
idealizaciis mcdeloba umweo
da ususuri.
adamianis simxecem gamoricxa
xelovneba da, rac pirvelad moxvda
xelSi, swored is aqcia xelovnebis
iaraRad. amitom codva,
SurisZieba Tu danaSauli moralis
kategoriidan xelovnebaSi gadavida
da Tavad Seqmna axali, socialuri
ena; miT umetes, agresiuli
saSualebebiT aRbeWdil droSi.
adamiani sinamdvileSi carieli da
ufunqcio gaxda, rogorc oTxTvalas
damatebuli mexuTe borbali.
an yovlad usargeblo, brWyviala
nivTi omis dros, roca yvelas
puri enatreba.
`odisevsis dabrunebaSi~ penelope
mudmivad samzareuloSia, skamze
zis. misTvis principulia swored
`adgilze jdoma~, anu es qmedeba
misi upirvelesi adamianuri movaleobaa.
amdenad penelopes skamma
scenuri dekoraciis mniSvneloba
dakarga da sxva datvirTva SeiZina.
igi msaxiobis metoqe gaxda. magram
ukve Teatrisa da reJisoris amocanaa,
rogor gadawyvitos adamianebisa
da sagnebis konfliqti.
ferfli da almasi
meoce saukunis polonuri Teatraluri
reJisura pirobiTad
or mimarTulebad iyofa. pirveli
_ reJisorebi, romelTa interesi
mimarTulia adamianis Sinagani samyarosken.
filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri
Tu religiuri problemebisadmi,
anu `introspeqtiuli
reJisura~ (anjei vaida, eJi groto-
vski, konrad Svinarski) da meore _
reJisorebi, romelTac ufro gare
samyaro da forma ainteresebT.
kritikosebi am ukanasknelT
`permanentul avangardistebs~
uwodeben (adam xanuSkeviCi, TadeuS
kantori, iozef Saina), romelTa
Semoqmedebam didi gavlena
moaxdina Tanamedrove mxatvrobasa
da performansis ganviTarebaze.
gasagebia, rom nebismieri
dayofa pirobiTia, magram `avangardistebSi”
kantoris rols da
mniSvnelobas misi yvelaze didi
kritikosebic ki ver uaryofen.
albaT imitom, rom mis SemoqmedebaSi
gamokveTilad igrZnoba
piesis teqstisa da scenuri moqmedebis
gancalkevebisa da sagnebis
qmedebad gardasaxvis gansacvifrebeli
unari da xarisxi.
kantorma SeZlo, rom msaxiobi
xan ilustratorad, xan sagnad
da xanac `moTamaSe~ manekenad
eqcia, magram ise, rom misTvis
profesionaluri Seuracxyofa
ar mieyenebina. misi Teatraluri
azrovneba da speqtaklis forma
uaryofs aqtioris gardasaxvas,
niWs. ase vTqvaT, `TamaSis xelovnebas~.
kantorma Teatrs sagangebod
gamoacala stanislavskisTvis
aucilebeli iaraRi _ gardasaxva.
msaxiobis pirovnulma neitralizaciam
ki poloneli reJisori
Teatraluri enis revoluciur
cvlilebamde miiyvana. swored
amitom uwodebda sxvadasxva etapze
sakuTar Teatrs xan `nulovan
Teatrs~, xan `sagnisa da adamianis~
Teatrs, vidre Semoqmedebis
bolos ar mivida `mkvdar Teatramde~.
xolo am rTul wertilamde
misaRwevad mas `mkvdari klasis~
gakveTili dasWirda.
Segnebulad movitoveT finalisTvis
kantoris yvelaze didi
speqtaklebi da misi Semoqmedebis
umniSvnelovani periodi, 70-80iani
wlebi. kantori Txzavs warmodgenebs
ucnaur personaJebze;
adamianebze, romlebic didi xnis
win gardaicvalnen, magram reJi-
gagrZeleba
soris fantaziam isini mkrTalad
ganaTebul scenaze cocxlad daabruna.
es cikli xuT speqtakls
moicavs: `mkvdari klasi~ (1975),
`velopole, velopole~ (1980),
`dae, gaiqcnen msaxiobebi~ (1985),
`me aq arasdros davbrundebi~
(1988), `dRes Cemi dabadebis dRea~
(1990). am ukanaskneli speqtaklis
dadgma reJisorma ver SeZlo. igi
avadmyofobda da repeticiebis
dros gardaicvala.
yvela am speqtakls erTi Tema
_ sikvdili aerTianebs da, Sesabamisad,
es cvlis damokidebulebas
mayureblis mxridan. Tumca reJisorisTvis
es `personaluri aRsarebaa~
(misi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT),
romelsac xSirad mis mimarT personaJebi
ver `imeteben~. isini ganuwyvetliv
sadRac garbian, sadRac
eCqarebaT... da sabolood erT mocucqnul
saklaso oTaxSi amoyofen
Tavs, sadac grZel, nacrisfer
merxebze Camwkrivdebian. sakuTar
manekenebTan erTad sikvdilis Sesagebeblad
Tu gasabrazeblad valsis
ritms daelodebian. swored es
aris `mkvdari klasis~ mTavari Tema
_ mosalodnel sikvdilTan Sexvedra.
oRond reJisori gvafrTxilebs,
rom personaJebma sakuTari
bediswera ukve ician... albaT, rogorc
10 aprils, 15 wuTiT adre,
`tu-135~-is Camovardnamde. da am
dros Zveli polonuri gamoTqmebi,
SemTxveviTi bibliuri frazebi,
usistemo laTinizmebi, tangos
fragmentebi, samxedro marSebi da
sasacilo sabavSvo leqsebi _ yvelaferi
is, rac JRers speqtaklSi,
gansacvifrebel da winaswarmetyvelur
datvirTvas iZens!
amitomac pan TadeuS kantors
dagvianebiT vuxdiT madlobas im
Semzaravi simarTlisaTvis, rasTanac
misi `sikvdilis Teatri~ gvaaxloebs.
xolo roca Teatrs aseTi
kultura aqvs, aseTi TviTrefleqsiis
da tragikuli ironiis unari,
es niSnavs, rom qveyana yvelafers
gauZlebs da icocxlebs.
es niSnavs Jeszcze Polska nie zginela!
cxeli Sokoladi 93
gagrZeleba
Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi
om faSisturi memkvidreoba uamrav
adamians amosvloda yelSi. amas werda
giunter valrafi. amas werda
hainrix bioli. 1978 wlis oqtomber-
Si bremenSi ufrosklaselTa 40-aTasiani
demonstracia skandirebda:
`RAF marTalia, Tqven faSistebi
xarT~.
da am dros gairkva, rom ganaCenis
molodinSi saknebSi msxdomma
wiTeli armiis fraqciis meTaurebma
Tavi moikles. sxvaTa Soris, Zalian
sainteresod:
Stamhaimis cixeSi patimrebi
`mkvdari derefnebis~ sistema-
Si isxdnen, anu TiTo derefanSi _
TiTo patimari TiTo sakanSi. yovel
or kviraSi erTxel saknebs cvlidnen.
es cixe betoniTaa nagebi, xazgasmiT
weren: `gansakuTrebiT mtkice
betoniT~. patimrebs ki, nu ityvi,
kedlebSi samalavebi gauTxriaT da
Sig saocari nivTebi daumalavT _
iaraRi, asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis
maragi, radiomimRebebi. es ise,
sxvaTa Soris iTqva. mTavaria, rom
cacia baaderma marjvena xeliT
sakuTar kefaSi isrola. gudrun
enslinma Werze, kauWze Camoixr-
Co Tavi, oRond iq rogor aZvra da
eleqtrogayvanilobis mavTuli saidan
moitana _ gaugebaria. sruliad
cariel sakanSi CamoixrCo Tavi ulrike
mainhofmac.
ase amboben.
ulrike mainhofis werili mkvdari
derefnidan,16.6.72-dan 9.2.73-mde:
SegrZneba, rom Tavi feTqdeba (SegrZneba,
rom Tavis qala unda gaskdes);
SegrZneba, rom zurgis tvins Tavis
tvinSi tenian;
SegrZneba, rom tvini TandaTan iWmuWneba,
Semwvari xiliviT;
SegrZneba, rom gamudmebiT da
SeumCnevlad Zabvis qveS xar, gairiye;
SegrZneba, rom asociaciebi CamogaCexes;
SegrZneba, rom suls gamoafsam,
wylebs Rvri;
SegrZneba, rom sakani midis. iRvi-
Zeb, Tvals axel: sakani midis, naSuadRevs,
roca mze adgeba, Cerdeba.
ver xvdebi, sicxisgan kankaleb Tu
sicivisgan,
ver xvdebi, ratom kankaleb,
iyinebi;
Cveulebriv xmaze salaparakod
ise iZabebi, rogorc xmamaRla TqmisTvis,
lamis RrialisTvis;
SegrZneba, rom munjdebi,
sityvebis mniSvnelobebs veRar
xvdebi, mxolod gumaniT grZnob,
SiSina bgerebis warmoTqma sruliad
autanelia,
yaraulebi, mnaxvelebi, ezo Ti-
Tqos celuloidisaa;
Tavis tkivili;
Gaelvebebi;
winadadebis wyoba, gramatika, sintaqsi
_ veRar akontroleb. weris
dros: ori xazi _ meore xazis bolos
pirvelis dasawyisi ar gaxsovs;
SegrZneba, rom Signidan gamoiwvi;
SegrZneba, rom Tu ityvi, ra xdeba,
Tu amas amouSveb, igivea, rac sxvas
saxeSi mduRare Seasxa, vTqvaT, manqanaSi
aduRebuli wyali, romelic
samudamod damduRravs, daasaxi-
Crebs;
TavaSvebuli agresia, romelsac
onkans ver mouWer. es yvelaze
cudia. naTlad gacnobiereba, rom
gadarCenis Sansi ara gaqvs; sruli
gaugebroba amis garkvevisas; mnaxvelebi
arafers toveben. naxevari
saaTis mere meqanikurad Tu aRidgen,
dRes ginaxules Tu gasul kviraSi;
samagierod, kviraSi erTxel banaoba
niSnavs wamiT amoyvinTvas, dasvenebas
_ erT-or saaTs gastans;
SegrZneba, rom dro da sivrce gadaixlarTa;
SegrZneba, rom mrude sarkeebis
oTaxSi xar;
barbaceb;
mere: saSineli eiforia, rom ra-
Rac gesmis, dRe-Rames smeniT ganasxvaveb;
SegrZneba, rom axla dro miedineba,
rom tvini kvlav Seivseba, zurgis
tvini Tavis adgils daubrundeba _
ramdenime kviriT;
SegrZneba, rom gatyaveben.
gagrZeleba
bneli ambavia.
RAF-is advokatma xelisufalni
mkvlelobaSi daadanaSaula _
da umalve terorizmis braldebiT
gaasamarTles. hainrix biolma moi-
Txova, rom es burusiT moculi
TviTmkvlelobebi safuZvlianad
gamoekvliaT _ misi Svili teroristebTan
TanamSromlobis braldebiT
gaCxrikes. magram es calke ambebia:
`germanuli Semodgoma~, RAF-is meore
da mesame Taobebi, mowinaaRmdegeebi
da mxardamWerebi. es sxva ambebia,
Tan sruliad gaugebari.
albaT mravali adamianisTvis isic
gaugebaria, Tu ratom miasvenebda
teroristi da mkvleli ulrike
mainhofis cxedars oTxi aTasi adamiani.
me mesmis, oRond ver vxsni.
CemTvis is ufro gaugebaria, rom
yovelTvis, roca rame cerad midis,
maincdamainc ulrike mainhofi maxsendeba.
sul ar mainteresebs xolme,
rogori kacebi imsaxurebdnen mis
keTilganwyobas an marTla xvretda
Tu ara vinmes _ mainc ver gavigeb.
ubralod, masze vfiqrob. albaT
cota mSurs.
albaT mSurs, rom me verasdros
davwere is da ise, rogorc man dawera.
giJuri teqstebi, romlebmac
qveyana SeZra da dResac aqtualurad
datova, vaglax, uTargmneli
SeZaxili: !
da bolos:
`aq iyaviT! mgoni, mTelma cixem
gaixara, yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ase
vfiqrob. axlaxan, oqtomberSi cixis
Tavze feradi drakonebi dafrinavdnen,
franebi. ese igi, sadRac bavSvebic
iyvnen, maTi amfrenebi. maRla,
maRla frendnen wiTlebi da mwvaneebi.
Zalian kargi iyo~...
es ulrikem Tavis tyup qaliSvilebs
miswera, roca cixeSi maTi
naxvis ufleba pirvelad darTes.
manamde es Svilebi teroristebis
banakSi hyavda gagzavnili, SemTxveviT
gaumarTlaT da gzaSi daakaves.
`Znelia... Zalian Znelia... uaRresad
Znelia~...
cxeli Sokoladi 95
gagrZeleba
interviu erik trufazTan
`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori
gagrZeleba
debul siuJets yovelTvis naxulobs
gamocdili mTavari redaqtori,
romelic adre `frans televiziaSi~
muSaobda. Tu Jurnalists raime
gaepara an Secdoma dauSva, gamoricxulia
mTavarma redaqtorma is
siuJeti Casworebis gareSe eTerSi
gauSvas. Tuki gansakuTrebulad mikerZoebuli
siuJeti gaakeTa Jurnalistma,
romelsac auxsni da mainc
ver gaigebs an uarzea, rame Secvalos,
erTaderTi `dasjis~ forma
is aris, rom siuJeti eTerSi ar
gava. CvenTan aseTi ram arasdros
momxdara. vTqvaT, romelime Jurnalistma
Tqva, rom sarkozi aris
pedofili an faSisti _ ra Tqma
unda, aseT siuJets eTerSi aravin
gauSvebs, mxolod imitom, rom es
simarTle ar aris.
Cveni mravalerovani qveynisTvis
eTnikuri umciresobebis, seqsualuri
Tu religiuri umciresobebis uflebebTan
dakavSirebuli problemebi
Zalze mniSvnelovani da mtkivneulia.
evropisTvis ramdenad mniSvnelovania
es problemebi da ra iTvleba
diskriminaciad safrangeTSi?
vidre kiTxvas vupasuxebde, getyviT,
rom safrangeTi aris respublika,
kanonis winaSe yvela Tanabaria
da gansxvavebebi ar arsebobs,
aseve ar arsebobs eTnikuri umciresoba
da, Sesabamisad, arc termini.
am mxriv Tqvengan gansxvavebulebi
varT, radgan Tqven gadacemebic ki
gaqvT eTnikuri umciresobebis enebze.
CvenTan, magaliTad, korsikaSi,
maT enaze gadis gadacemebi, magram
sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze msgavsi
ram ar xdeba. rac Seexeba diskriminacias,
is arsebobs mxolod gareubnebSi,
sadac ZiriTadad CrdiloeT
afrikidan Camosuli emigrantebi
cxovroben. isini amboben, rom ar
aqvT samsaxuri, arian umuSevrebi
da, sxvebTan SedarebiT, mZime pirobebSi
uwevT arseboba; marTlac,
maTi sacxovrebeli bevrad uaresad
gamoiyureba, vidre sxva adgilebi.
amboben, rom xeli ar miuwvdebaT
ganaTlebaze. safrangeTSi marTlac
98 cxeli Sokoladi
problemaa gareubnebidan gamosuli
axalgazrdebis sazogadoebaSi integrireba.
diskriminaciis sakiTxi
bevrad ufro rTulia da politikas
ganekuTvneba, magram televizias
rac Seexeba, Cven ramdenime
pirovneba TanamSromlad aviyvaneT
I, II, III Taobis emigraciidan da isini
dRemde CvenTan muSaoben. garda
amisa, vamzadebT gadacemebs gareubnebidan
gamosul axalgazrdebze,
maT problemebsa da warmatebebze
saubrebiT vaCvenebT sazogadoebas,
rogor SeuZliaT miaRwion imas,
rac surT, Tuki iswavlian da iSromeben.
safrangeTSi kanoni krZalavs
da mkacrad sjis yovelgvari tipis
diskriminacias, iqneba es rasobrivi,
religiuri Tu seqsualuri.
roca konkretuli faqtebi xdeba,
amaze sainformacio gamoSvebebSi
vsaubrobT. garda amisa, vTanamSromlobT
diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg
mebrZol organizaciasTan da
erTad vapirebT axali proeqtis
dawyebas, romlis saSualebiTac sazogadoebas
gavacnobT, rogor Seu-
Zlia Tavis dacva diskriminaciuli
qmedebebisagan. yvelaze xSiri mainc
rasobrivi diskriminaciis SemTxvevebia
_ zogi Civis, rom samsaxurSi
ar aiyvanes imis gamo, rom zangia
an afrikuli warmoSobis, sxvebs
diskoTekaze ar uSveben _ ufro
aseTi tipis diskriminaciis faqtebia.
am bolo dros Zalze Semcirda
seqsualuri umciresobebis diskriminaciis
SemTxvevebi. gareubnebis
garda, es TiTqmis aRarsad xdeba.
rogorc kvlevebi aCvenebs, frangi
sazogadoeba Zalze tolerantuli
gaxda seqsualuri umciresobebis
mimarT, sakmao tolerantobaa religiuri
umciresobebis mimarTac
_ 1905 wels miRebuli kanonis Tanaxmad,
yvela adamians aqvs sruli
ufleba, iyos an ar iyos morwmune;
rogorc yvelafers, am sakiTxsac
kanoni agvarebs. garkveuli problema
maSin warmoiSoba, roca religia
ereva saxelmwifo saqmeebSi.
vTqvaT, muslimebi TavianT gogonebs
ukrZalaven biWebTan erTad
auzze wasvlas, rac ukve kanonis
darRvevaa, imitom, rom skolaSi
aris erTi auzi da aseTi akrZalva
kanons arRvevs. asevea religiuri
ritualebis Catareba, romelic kanons
ar Seesabameba. sul muslimebze
saubari gamomdis, magram igive
kaTolikebi rom aviRoT, aseve kanonis
darRvevaa, roca maT sastiki
gamosvlebi aqvT abortis akrZalvasTan
dakavSirebiT. garkveuli
problemebia religiursa da saxelmwifo
kanonebs Soris _ am Temebze
televiziaSi xSirad vawyobT debatebs,
sadac politikosebs da ama
Tu im religiis warmomadgenlebs
viwvevT.
Jurnalists ramdenad SeuZlia gamoxatos
pozicia seqsualur da religiur
problematikasTan dakavSirebiT,
daeTanxmos romelime mxares
an uaryos maTi azri.
visac gadacemaSi viwvevT, maT
SeuZliaT sakuTari azris gamoxatva.
Cvenma Jurnalistebma ki orive
mxaris poziciebi unda warmoadginon
da Tu raime politikuri
konsensusi iqna miRweuli, esec
unda aCvenon. magaliTad, erovnul
asambleaSi miRweuli iyo erTgvari
konsensusi Tavsaburavis tarebas-
Tan dakavSirebiT _ saerTod ki ar
avkrZaloT, aramed vareguliroT
da, vTqvaT, sazogadoebrivi Tav-
Seyris adgilebSi aikrZalos. arsebobs
sxva Sexedulebac, romlis
mixedviTac, absoluturad yvelgan
unda aikrZalos, rac adamianis
uflebebs ewinaaRmdegeba.
ramdenad icnobT postsabWoTa medias
da hgavs Tu ara ganviTarebadi
qveynebi erTmaneTs Jurnalistikis
problematikis TvalsazrisiT.
ZiriTadad iseT qveynebSi vmuSaobdi,
romlebic teritoriulad
safrangeTs ganekuTvnebian. isini
damoukideblebi ar arian da ekonomikuri
TvalsazrisiT sakmaod
axlos arian safrangeTTan. polineziis
televiziis Seqmna rom daviwyeT,
maSinve ultraTanamedro-
ve, cifruli aparatura SeiZines.
Tqvengan gansxvavebiT, maTTvis es
problema ar yofila. `meore arxis~
teqnikurma direqtorma miTxra, rom
dResac 18 wlis kamerebiT muSaoben.
sabWoTa da postsabWoTa medias
kargad ar vicnob, magram rusul
mediaze maqvs warmodgena, romelic
Sors ar unda iyos sinamdvilidan
_ rusuli media xelisuflebisgan
kontroldeba.
saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv
mauwyebels vurCevdi, mayureblis
ndobis mopovebis mizniT, metad
warmoaCinos sakuTari damoukidebloba.
es kargi iqneba Tavad
politikosebisTvisac, romlebic
sazogadoebrivi arxisadmi Tavisuflebis
miniWebiT amave sazogadoebis
ndobas moipoveben. aseve
unda mixvdnen, rom `meore arxis~
srulyofili muSaobisaTvis aucilebelia
teqnikuri saSualebebis
SeZena. roca arxi srulfasovani
gaxdeba, mayureblis ndoba erTiorad
gaizrdeba.
brZaneT, rom 10 wlis win Tqvens
arxs garkveuli pedagogiuri muSaoba
mouxda politikosebTan da `me-
ore arxisTvisac~ es samuSao gegmis
nawili unda iyos. roca politikosebs
monopolizebuli aqvT eTeri,
SesaZloa Tu ara, saboloo jamSi Tavisken
gadaZalon televizia?
Cven pedagogiuri moRvaweoba
gavwieT ZiriTadad teqnikur saki-
TxebTan mimarTebaSi _ vTqvaT,
parlamentis sxdoma dawyebuliyo
da damTavrebuliyo SeTanxmebul
dros. roca moundebodaT, maSin ar
gamoecxadebinaT an gaewelaT Sesveneba,
radgan es angrevda programebis
bades. nel-nela SevamCnieT,
rom politikosebis qceva Seicvala,
isini cdilobdnen, ukeTesad
warmoCeniliyvnen erovnul asambleaSi,
radgan yvelaferi eTerSi
gadaicemoda. rac Seexeba Tqvens
politikosebs, pirvel rigSi unda
gaacnobieron, rom maTi mizanic
aris mayureblis mizidva, risTvisac
dausrulebeli monologebi
namdvilad ar gamoadgebaT. sauke-
Teso saSualebaa, Tu arxze iqneba
namdvili debatebi, sadac mowveuli
iqnebian umravlesobis da opoziciis
warmomadgenlebi da gaimarTeba
namdvili diskusia, xolo iseTi
dausrulebeli monologebi, rac
gagrZeleba
`Tavisufal tribunaSi~ vixile, namdvilad
ar uwyobs xels imas, rom
politikosebs hyavdeT mayurebeli
da gadacemebi, romelSic isini monawileoben,
saintereso gamovides.
ramdenad SesaZlebelia arsebul
politikur garemoSi `meore arxs~
hqondes ganviTarebis perspeqtiva?
darwmunebuli var, rom jgufs,
romelmac wamoiwyo `meore arxis~
Camoyalibebis procesi, yvelanairi
saSualeba da monacemi aqvs imisa-
Tvis, rom bolomde miiyvanos dawyebuli
gegma. maT kargad esmiT
miznebic da is winaaRmdegobebic,
rac SeiZleba SexvdeT. Cven erToblivad
vimuSaveT samauwyeblo badeze,
programirebasa da adamianur
resursTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze.
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis
saSualebebiT Tu vimsjelebT, rogorc
teqnikuri, aseve adamianuri,
`meore arxis~ ganxorcieleba absoluturad
realuri da SesaZlebelia.
mjera am arxis momavlis da
imedi maqvs, rom amas arxis xelmZRvanelobac
da politikosebic mixvdebian
da erToblivad imuSaveben
am mimarTulebiT.
ringze
gagrZeleba
arnold kemps
18 dekemberi, 1964
Zvirfaso arnold,
...rogori ucnauric unda iyos,
roca sartrma nobelis premia miiRo,
am ambavs sxvadasxvanairad
SevxedeT. Cemi azriT, mas uari
ar unda eTqva, radgan burJuazias
is ufro metad amwarebs,
roca mis winaaRmdeg mebrZolebi
did premiebs iReben. magaliTad,
bolo wlebSi Jurnali `laifi~
Jan-pol sartrs erTTavad `usasoobis
mociqulad~ moixseniebda.
axla ki moulodnelad es usasoobis
mociquli nobelis premiis
laureati gaxda. ase maT bevrad
ufro gauZneldebaT xalxis gasuleleba.
mjera, rom jildoebze
uari ar unda Tqva, radgan Tu
sworad gamoiyeneb, isini bevr rameSi
dagexmareba. erT dRes marTlac
raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani
rom moxdes da amaze `niu-iork
taimsSi~ werilis gamoqveyneba
mogindes, ai, magari, mware werilis,
amisTvis ufro meti berketi
geqneba...
saukeTeso survilebiT,
normani
marvin gorsons
11 aprili, 1968
Zvirfaso marvin,
...ar mgonia, Tqvens Zvirfas mowvevas
davTanxmde da mSvidobisa da
Tavisuflebis partiis iniciativiT
mowveuli filosofosi gavxde. amisaTvis
ori mizezi maqvs. naTlad ver
vxedav, romel politikur poziciasTan
ufro axlos var. iqneb iciT,
an sulac ar iciT, rom memarcxene
konservatori var, rac Tavisebur
winaaRmdegobebs gulisxmobs: erTi
mxriv, urbanul rekonstruqcias-
Tan dapirispirebas, meore mxriv ki,
marixuanas legalizebis sakiTxSi
TavSekavebas. Tumca me SeiZleba mxari
davuWiro marixuanas legalizebas.
diax, SeiZleba asec moviqce,
Tu policia xalxis gawamebasa da
uazro dapatimrebebs ar Sewyvets.
am dros mirCevnia, rom misi mox-
100 cxeli Sokoladi
mareba kanoniT nebadarTuli ar
iyos, radgan ase sul sxva gemos
atan mowevas, Tan korporaciebic
ver axerxeben, rom hidrofonurad
gamoyvanili, sayovelTaod naqebi,
filtriani marixuana vitaminebiT
gaajeron; rom aRaraferi vTqvaT
im fsiqodeliur reklamebze, romlebsac
Tavidan avicilebT. garda
amisa, darwmunebuli ar var, rom
makkarti da kenedi arafriT gansxvavdebian
hamfrisgan, romelmac,
sxva Tu araferi, pasuxi unda agos
vietnamis omis gamo. ioli saTqmelia,
rom kenedisa da jonsons Soris
gansxvaveba ar aris _ am azrs
sulac ar viziareb. mniSvneloba
ara aqvs, kenedis TavSi ra utrialebs,
radgan mainc sruliad gansxvavebul
qveyanas miiReb, roca
prezidenti is kaci xdeba, visac
misnairi varcxniloba aqvs...
pativiscemiT,
normani
alen ginzbergs
9 dekemberi, 1969
Zvirfaso alen,
...minda, ubralod, Seni saxlis
binadrebi movikiTxo da warmateba
gisurvo ekologiurad sufTa
produqtis moyvanaSi.
gulwrfeli mokiTxviT,
normani
P.S. xSirad mTxoven xolme, imaze
davwero, Tu rogor warmomidgenia
70-iani wlebi. arada, umciresi
warmodgenac ki ar maqvs. Cven darwmunebulebi
viyaviT, rom vicodiT,
ra moxdeboda 60-ianebSi, da magradac
vcdebodiT. 70-ianebi Cems
TvalSi mxolod Tavzardamcemi
TeTri laqaa. imedi maqvs, es ufro
asakis bralia, vidre winaTgrZnobis.
Sobas gilocav, poeto.
riCard stretons
ianvris dasawyisi, 1987
Zvirfaso rik,
...me da norisi moskovSi migviwvies,
konferenciaze, romelic
gorbaCovma moawyo. rik, daujereb-
el rames getyvi: iq namdvilad
raRac xdeba. is qveyana daTvs magonebs
_ beber, sqel, ayrolebul,
mravalgan daWril, sakuTar qaqSi
amosvril cxovels, romlis TvalebSic
mxolod imas amoikiTxav,
rom isev cirkSi dabruneba unda.
mas surs, gawvrTnili daTvi iyos
da mayureblebis taSi daimsaxuros,
yvela sxva cxovelma ki pativi
sces. ucnaur rameebs vambob,
magram ruseTze fiqri im droidan
amekviata, rac `SiSvlebi da mkvdrebi~
davwere. Cems TaobaSi Zalian
bevri CemsaviT fiqrobda, rom
rusebma didebulad iomes meore
msoflio omSi. isini pativs scemdnen
maT jarsa da TiToeul jariskacs
imdenad, ramdenadac es
rigiT amerikel jariskacs SeeZlo,
afasebdnen omis dros rusebis mier
gaRebul msxverpls. mere ki civi
omi gaCaRda da yvelaferi Tavdayira
dadga. amis Semdeg aRaravis
vendobi, maT Soris _ arc rusebs,
radgan mivxvdi, rom leninma
moumzada safuZveli stalinizmsa
da im saSinelebebs, rac iq trialebs.
rusebsa da amerikelebs Soris
erTi umTavresi gansxvavebaa:
amerikaSi Cveni danaSauli cxvirwin
gvidevs, magram mas arafrad vagdebT.
amaSi teqnikis ganviTareba,
TiToeuli ultramoduri nabiji
gvexmareba. Cven fsiqoanalizi
Cagvitares, trankvilizatorebi
gvaylapes, robotebad gvaqcies,
`nuvel kuizinis~ saocrebebs gvaziares,
karieristebi gagvxades _
SiSic da udidesi danaSaulic aqve,
xelis gawvdenazea, magram maTgan
Tavis daRwevas vaxerxebT. ai, rusebi
ki ver axerxeben. maT sakuTari
danaSauli bolos uRebT. Zalian
cota rusi dadis sufTa sindisiT
_ es qveyana xom 30 wlis manZilze
aiZulebda TiToeul adamians, rom
megobrebisTvis zurgi eqcia (albaT
yvelasTvis mainc ara) da ar
daxmareboda im axloblebs, romlebic
mTavrobas TvalSi ar mosdioda.
TviTon mTavrobasac mZime
tvirTad awevs Tavisive usindiso-
a. Cemi azriT, rusebi gacilebiT
kargad icnoben sakuTar sulebs,
vidre Cven vicnobT Cvensas, radgan
isini marTlac damnaSaveebi arian.
ver getyvi, rogori sulisSemZvrelia,
roca Tavad umaRles eSelonebSi
aRiareben, rom cvlilebebi
aucilebelia da qveyanas ufro
humanuri mTavroba unda hyavdes.
ici ra, rik, locva rom SemeZlos,
zeciur Zalebs Semweobas vTxovdi
im daujerebeli saqmisTvis, rasac
gorbaCovi akeTebs ruseTSi. me mas
bolomde TanavugrZnob. SeiZleba
yvelaferi sul iolad Caiyaros
wyalSi, magram Tu ase ar moxda,
Cvens qveyanas, amerikas mouwevs,
xazi gadausvas uamrav absurdul
axirebas da Tvali gausworos axal
ideas. Tu komunisturi qveyana demokratiuli
gaxda, es niSnavs, rom
Cveni Tavlebic misaxedia: ra xania,
nexvis suni dgas. kargi, vnaxoT, ra
moxdeba.
megobruli mokiTxviT,
normani
sel Cetranos
28 marti, 1999
Zvirfaso sel,
...demokratebs, pirvel rigSi ki
klintons, ver vitan im politikis
gamo, romelsac „butikis politikas~
vuwodeb _ cota es, cota is
da mainc yelamde nagavSi yofna. am
dros respublikelebi fsiqozur
koSmarSi aRmoCndnen. erTi mxriv,
maT RmerTi, droSa da ojaxi akeriaT
pirze, xolo meore mxriv, Zalian
cota Tu icnobda ieso qristes
Tavis gverdiT, pisuarTan mdgari
rom daenaxa. warmoudgenlad bevrs
jarSi arasdros umsaxuria, arc
tyviis zuzuni gaugonia. garda
amisa, es politikosebi colebisa
da ojaxis RalatSi aTeneben da aRameben.
ho, aba, ra azri eqneboda
politikosobas, TvalTmaqcobiT
Tavis gatanis saSualebas rom ar
iZleodes? mTavari ki is aris, rom
respublikelebs Sizofrenia daemarTaT:
erTi mxriv, isini RmerTs,
droSas da ojaxs adideben, xolo
meore mxriv, kapitalizmis upirobod
gavrcelebas uWeren mxars. amdenad,
yuradRebis miRma rCebaT is,
rac SeiZleba axlac mniSvnelovani
iyos: ieso karl marqsiviT fiqrobda,
rom fuli yvela Rirsebas azrs
ukargavs. ra Tqma unda, asecaa. Tu
mTeli qveyana viRacebma unda miisakuTron
da es marTlac ase xdeba,
mxolod zneobrivi degradaciis
momswre ki ar gaxdebi, aramed socialuri
aqtivobisa da socialuri
normebis Semcirebisac _ vfiqrob,
am degradacias maSinve unda elodo,
rogorc ki dou jonsis indeqsi
aiwevs: rac ufro maRali iqneba es
indeqsi, miT ufro dabali iqneba
norma. fuli yvela Rirsebas
anadgurebs. respublikuri partiis
memarcxene frTas pativsac ki vcem
imis gamo, rom garkveul normebs
icavs, Tumca is kapitalizms ar
ebrZvis. umarTavi kapitalizmi ki
adamianis Tavs damtydari udidesi
ubedurebaa, romelic mis Rirebulebebs
acamtverebs. axla swored
es xdeba. albaT iyo dro, roca
komunizmi ufro did ubedurebas
warmoadgenda, magram dRes Cven
varT liderebi. vfiqrob, TviTonac
xvdebi, rom Seni arCeuli partia
moralTan mimarTebaSi paralizebulia...
aba, magrad, Zvelo,
normani
`boston gloubis~ redaqtors
13 marti, 2002
jorj uili wers (`boston gloubi~,
12 marti): `ernest hemingueis
ena rom jon ueslis enis sakazmiT
SevagemoT, buSis lakonur stils
miviRebT~.
gasagebia, Znelad Tu moiZebneba
vinme, vinc jon ueslis qadagebebs
icnobs, magram is ki vici, rom jorj
buSis nawerebis xseneba hemingueis
prozis gverdiT TiTqmis igivea,
rac jeki siuzenisa da jein ostinis
gaTanabreba. sircxvilis nasaxi
aRar SerCaT am respublikel qlesebs?
marTlac verafers gaxdebiT
im xalxTan, visac sakuTari saqcie-
gagrZeleba
lis arasdros rcxvenia. jorj
uilis survils, rom Roris yuri
abreSumis qisad gaasaRos, mxolod
msoflio donis laquci hqvia...
norman meileri
emerix kustrixs
26 ianvari, 2005
Zvirfaso imre,
didi yuradReba gamoiCine, roca
muxlebis arTritis Sesaxeb statia
gamomigzavne. rac dro gadis,
sul ufro iolad veguebi Cems
mdgomareobas. ori xeljoxi mSvenier
gasarTobad gadaiqceva, Tu
mixvdebi, ra TvaliT unda Sexedo
(me xom mexerxeba aseTebi). mTeli
siamovneba is aris, rom Segi-
Zlia warmoidgino, TiTqos mTebSi
TxilamurebiT srialeb, joxebs
aqeT-iqiT usvam _ magari garTobaa.
garda amisa, fexze didxans
dgomac ar giwevs: yovelTvis gamoCndeba
viRac, vinc Tavis skams
giTmobs.
„fainenSel taimsidan~ im amonaWers
vkiTxulob, Sen rom gamomigzavne.
mware statiaa. ar vici, saiT
miveqanebiT yvela. es saukune mZime
tvirTad dagvawva mxrebze. meoce
saukuneSi gveSinoda, rom atomuri
omi erTianad gagvacamtverebda,
rac axla siurrealisturad moCans.
ocdameerTe saukuneSi ki bneli azrebi
imdens utrialebs TavSi, rom
SeiZleba saukunis bolomdec ver
mivaRwioT Cveni dRevandeli mdgomareobiT.
Cems asakSi didi mniSvneloba
aRarafers aqvs, magram me
cxra Svili da bevri SviliSvili myavs,
romlebsac arcTu saxarbielo
perspeqtiva eliT.
mapatie, msoflios aRsasruli
rom dagixate. mgoni, Txrobam gamitaca.
Tumca imis gameorebac minda,
rac adre giTxari: erTmaneTs wesierad
arc vicnobT da mainc Zveli
megobrebiviT vsaubrobT. es iseTi
sasiamovno ram aris. megobrulad
mogikiTxavT Sen da gertruds _
gavbedav da vityvi: cota siyvaruliTac.
normani
cxeli Sokoladi 101
gagrZeleba
lismanisi
gagrZeleba
lubas pirveli gamoCenisTanave
lismanisma komentari gaakeTa, _ SexedeT,
ra talantia, natalia andrei-
Cenko am filmSi mxolod 27 wlisaa
da am kadrSi, sul cota, ormocdaaTi
wlis qals ar hgavs?
maniloviCi gagiJda. gagiJda andreiCenkoze.
ara, gulgrili arc
aravin darCenila, magram boria maniloviCi
aSkarad „gadairia“ (imave
wels, andreiCenko oskarosan msaxiob
da reJisor maqsimilian Sels
rom gahyva colad, boriam amoioxra,
_ Cems orive cols gavayolebdi maqsimilians,
oRond nataSa CemTvis
daeTmoo). vamSvidebdiT, _ rad ginda
andreiCenko, ager cenzor ganiCenkos
giTmobs jonio, _ magram ver wynardeboda.
lismanisi movida da miTxra:
_ simarTle aravis siamovnebs, simarTle
rom vTqva, maniloviCi isedac
antisemitad mTvlis da axla
pirdapir rozenbergad momnaTlavs.
simarTle ki isaa, rom mag qalbatonis
qmarma, maqsimilian Selma, avstrielma
Tu Sveicarielma, Tu orivem erTad,
1961 wels mamakacis rolis saukeTeso
104 cxeli Sokoladi
SesrulebisTvis oskari imitom daimsaxura,
rom stenli krameris film
„niurnbergis procesSi“ nacisti damnaSaveebis
advokatis roli Seasrula
brwyinvaled. icis es maniloviCma,
icis ra gadaxrebi aqvs mis sayvarel
nataSas?
_ maqsimilian Seli avstriis anSlusis
Semdeg SveicariaSi gaiqca, mTels
mis ojaxs nacistebi ezizRebaT, misma
dam mag niadagze auria kidevac, _
gamovesarCle oskarosan msaxiobs me.
_ TviTon rom nacisti araa da piriqiTaa,
eg ki vici, magram nacistebis
advokatis rolis ostaturad
Sesrulebas maniloviCi ar apatiebs.
uTxari es faqti, iqneb nataSa gulidan
amovagdebinoT da ojaxSi werili
gavagzavninoT, _ lismanisi, rogorc
„SesaniSnavi meojaxe“, marTlac mudmivad
zrunavda yvela ojaxis mTlianobaze.
borias rom vuTxari, _ maqsimilian
Sels oskari nacistebis advokatis
rolis ostaturad SesrulebisTvis
miuRiao, _ gaecina da miTxra, _ xom
vici, am ambavs lismanisi mogiyveboda,
magis metma vin icis ase wvrilad
kinos ambebi Cvens banakSio. gadaeci,
boria maniloviCis saSveli ar aris,
andreiCenkoze 12 leqsi aqvs dawerili,
maT Soris sami soneti, ori balada
da erTi madrigali. rac Seexeba
siyvaruls, namdvili Tu gamogonili
faSistis xelSi Cavardnili sabralo
rusis qali kidev ufro uyvars-Tqo.
kinos sakmaod iSviaTi stumari var,
bolo xanebSi kinoSi mxolod amerikaSi
davdivar da saukeTeso adgils
vikaveb, rogorc wesi, cariel kinodarbazebSi.
gauTavebeli sareklamo
rgolebis Semdeg filmis demonstrireba
rom iwyeba, sul mgonia, rom
uknidan lismanisis mxiarul da energiul
xmas gavigoneb:
_ yuradRebiT SexedeT, ra operatoruli
namuSevaria, mauro fiore
namdvili geniosia, ukana fonze ra
ferebi gaSala! sxvaTa Soris, jeims
kemeroni Teqvsmeti weli muSaobda
„avatarze“, pirveli oTxmocgverdiani
scenari 1994 wels dawera. qarTvelebo
klub-sasadiloSi, im kompiuterul
animatorebs Soris, romelTac
es saswauli Seqmnes, qarTveli kacic
eria!
literaturuli kafe `qaravani~
warmogidgenT:
1 ivnisi, samSabaTi, 17 saaTi
Sexvedra poet vasil guleurTan
literaturuli kafe `qaravani~, mis.: furcelaZis 10
misamarTi: abanos q. N 3
radio „nacnobi“ gepatiJebaT
klubSi „nacnobi“
tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo
cocxali musika
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