You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
istoriebi<br />
<strong>petliura</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>sxvebi</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
poloneTi<br />
qeTi qanTaria<br />
TadeuS kantori<br />
<strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />
ulrike mainhofi<br />
ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />
interviuebi<br />
erik trufazi<br />
kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va<br />
erik monio<br />
qeTevan sadRobelaSvili<br />
komentarebi<br />
37<br />
gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni<br />
tendenciuri gmirebis aRlumi<br />
basa janikaSvili<br />
lokaluris Zaladoba<br />
paata Samugia<br />
`niWieri~<br />
sandro naveriani<br />
ivnisi 2010 #61<br />
fasi 5 lari<br />
saavtoro<br />
lismanisi<br />
levan berZeniSvili<br />
isev birsi gamaxsen<strong>da</strong><br />
aka morCilaZe<br />
xelovneba <strong>da</strong> `perversiebi~<br />
giorgi maisuraZe<br />
literatura<br />
mario vargas liosa<br />
semuel beketi<br />
maka miqelaZe<br />
irakli kakabaZe
saswavlo centri<br />
"British Connection"<br />
gTavazobT mosamzadebel kursebs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sasertifikato gamocdebisTvis:<br />
FCE (B1-B2)<br />
CAE<br />
TOEFL<br />
IELTS<br />
magistraturis inglisuri enis gamocdisTvis<br />
mosamzadebeli jgufebi<br />
funqcionirebas iwyeben 1-7 ivnisi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
kursis xangrZlivoba - 12 kvira<br />
☺ sasargeblo rCeva - ewvieT saits<br />
www.britishconnection.ge<br />
misamarTi: bu<strong>da</strong>peStis q. 1<br />
telefoni: 308 135 / 855 301 390
inglisurenovani banaki kvariaTSi<br />
Camp etc.<br />
inglisuri enis gakveTilebi / TamaSobebi / eqskursiebi / RonisZiebebi<br />
ingliseli <strong>da</strong> amerikeli maswavleblebi <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelebi<br />
maRali xarisxis sacxovrebeli pirobebi<br />
samjeradi kveba<br />
brwyinvale adgilmdebareoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi informaciisTvis <strong>da</strong>gvikavSirdiT:<br />
telefoni: 8 907 907 07 / 8 908 908 08<br />
www.etcetera.ge
garekanze: saSa lugini, katia riJikova<br />
foto: guram wibaxaSvili<br />
mTavari re<strong>da</strong>qtori:<br />
nino lomaZe<br />
art-re<strong>da</strong>qtori: giorgi nadiraZe<br />
re<strong>da</strong>qtor-stilisti: nino svaniZe<br />
koreqtori: nino saiTiZe<br />
nomerze muSaobdnen: <strong>da</strong>viT<br />
buxrikiZe, <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe, levan<br />
berZeniSvili, gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni,<br />
qeTi qanTaria, giorgi maisuraZe,<br />
kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va, nino beqiSvili,<br />
ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili, qeTevan<br />
sadRobelaSvili, basa janikaSvili,<br />
paata Samugia, sandro naveriani,<br />
giorgi svaniZe, naTia guliaSvili,<br />
aka morCilaZe, irma taveliZe<br />
foto: levan xerxeuliZe, marika<br />
qoCiaSvili, guram wibaxaSvili<br />
ilustracia: mariam zal<strong>da</strong>staniSvili,<br />
maia sumbaZe<br />
dizaini: Tornike lorTqifaniZe<br />
sazogadoebasTan urTierToba:<br />
lela SubiTiZe<br />
sareklamo gayidvebi: Salva CubiniZe<br />
distribucia: zviad Sengelia<br />
gamomcemeli: Sorena Saver<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />
gamomcemloba:<br />
Sps `em fabliSingi~, Tbilisi 0105,<br />
faliaSvilis q. 108, tel.: 912326<br />
el-fosta: mpublishing@caucasus.net<br />
sxva gamocemebi: liberali, biznesia<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />
meTodebi, strategiebi,<br />
dialogi, Tibisi <strong>da</strong> Tibiselebi.<br />
stamba: `favoriti~, Tbilisi,<br />
CubinaSvilis q. 50, tel.: 951952<br />
Jurnali gamodis 2004 wlis 25<br />
dekembri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
© “M Publishing” saavtoro uflebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>culia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
masalebis nawilobrivi an mTliani<br />
gamoyeneba gamomcemlobis nebarTvis<br />
gareSe akrZalulia.<br />
6 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
8 re<strong>da</strong>qtoris werili<br />
10 Cveni avtorebi<br />
N61, ivnisi 2010<br />
mimoxilvebi 12 `eqslibrisis~ mkiTxvelTa klubi <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
13 `axali `galerea 9~ <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
14 totalitaruli epoqis arqiteqtura konceptualur<br />
fotografiaSi <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
14 uxmo evolucia naTia guliaSvili<br />
16 iuri meCiTovis Jurnalisturi retrospeqtiva<br />
<strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
17 rok kafe droebiT <strong>da</strong>ixura <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
18 gaseirneba Zveli Tbilisis fotopeizaJSi<br />
naTia guliaSvili<br />
19 Rvinis festivali giorgi svaniZe<br />
20 aris Tu ara oleg timCenkos sfinqsi samkauli<br />
<strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
22 istoriuli reversi sapnis aromatiT<br />
naTia guliaSvili<br />
recenzia 24 mieciT qmari ninis... <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />
komentarebi 25 37 gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni<br />
26 tendenciuri gmirebis aRlumi basa janikaSvili<br />
27 lokaluris Zaladoba paata Samugia<br />
29 finaluri mwuxri sandro naveriani<br />
istoriebi 30 erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
38 diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi qeTi qanTaria<br />
44 TadeuS kantori<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Canawerebi <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />
50 ulrike mainhofi<br />
Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi<br />
ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />
interviuebi 54 interviu erik trufazTan kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va<br />
58 interviu erik moniosTan<br />
`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori<br />
qeTevan sadRobelaSvili<br />
diskusia 62 radikalizmi dialogis magivrad nino beqiSvili<br />
esei 68 isev birsi gamaxsen<strong>da</strong> aka morCilaZe<br />
Targmani 72 ringze norman meileris werilebi<br />
inglisuri<strong>da</strong>n Targmna irma taveliZem<br />
saavtoro 76 lismanisi levan berZeniSvili<br />
82 xelovneba <strong>da</strong> `perversiebi~ giorgi maisuraZe
e<strong>da</strong>qtoris werili<br />
8 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
dResac zustad veravin ityvis vin aris ulrike mainhofi. elfride elineki<br />
fiqrobs, rom ulrikes biografia istoriul saidumlod <strong>da</strong>rCa, <strong>da</strong> awi am fenomenis<br />
amoxsnas veravin SeZlebs. mainhofis mkvlevari, karin baueri mas tragikul<br />
personas uwodebs, maRali idealebisTvis mebrZol qals, frustrirebuli<br />
Taobis Svils. <strong>sxvebi</strong> fiqroben, rom is namdvili sisxliani monstria, <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
nakvalevi gvamebiTaa aRniSnuli. hainrix bioli wiTeli armiis (RAF) eqvskacian<br />
fraqciaze (maT Soris mainhofze) wer<strong>da</strong>, rom es iyo eqvsis omi eqvsi milionis<br />
(eqvs milionSi Zalovanebs gulisxmob<strong>da</strong>) winaaRmdeg.<br />
1960-70-ian wlebSi, germanul Jurnal `konkritSi~ gamoqveynebuli ulrike mainhofis<br />
publikaciebis mimarT, bevrs gaorebuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba hqon<strong>da</strong>, roca<br />
ar ici, is giyvars Tu mTeli arsebiT gZuls. yvelaze neitraluri Sefaseba ki<br />
aseTia _ mainhofi ubralod saintereso mweralia, vinc ga<strong>da</strong>reuli drois qaosma<br />
CaiTria <strong>da</strong> veRar ipova gza ukan. mokled, rTulia gaigo, vin aris mainhofi.<br />
faqtia, ulrike teroristad rom ar qceuliyo misi nawerebi dRes aRaravis<br />
emaxsovrebo<strong>da</strong>. albaT, arc aravin Sekreb<strong>da</strong> `konkritis~ publikaciebs <strong>da</strong> verasdros<br />
iqceo<strong>da</strong> es unikaluri werilebi wignad _ `yvela amindze laparakobs.<br />
Cven _ ara~. mainhofis mkvlevari, wignis Sesaval sityvaSi wers, rom germanul<br />
sazogadoebas ulrikes teroristul aqtebTan kavSirze metad is abrazeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
man qalis tradiciuli rolis uaryofis magaliTi aCvena. RAF-Si gawevrianebis<br />
Semdeg, mainhofma 8 wlis tyupi gogonebi miatova <strong>da</strong> imis gamo, rom ar sur<strong>da</strong>,<br />
mis bavSvebze saxelmwifos ezruna, isini RAF-is teroristul banakSi gagzavna.<br />
tyupebi gzaSi policiam <strong>da</strong>akava <strong>da</strong> TavSesafarSi waiyvana.<br />
albaT, mainc veravin mouZebna mainhofis istorias imaze zusti saxeli, rogorc<br />
TviTon, sakuTar publikaciaSi, romelic misi cxovrebis mTel gzas aCvenebs<br />
_ `protesti<strong>da</strong>n winaaRmdegobamde~.<br />
`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa <strong>da</strong> es ar mawyobs.<br />
winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas wyvets.<br />
protesti: vacxadeb, rom morCa, me amaSi aRar vmonawileob.<br />
winaaRmdegoba: me viqcevi ise, rom amaSi aRaravin miiRebs monawileobas. wels,<br />
TebervalSi vietnamisadmi miZRvnil konferenciaze, berlinSi erTma Savkanianma<br />
amerikelma, moZraoba Black Power-is warmomadgenelma <strong>da</strong>axloebiT es Tqva _ sityvasityviT<br />
ar maxsovs.<br />
studentebi sulac ar `awyoben ajanyebas~, isini winaaRmdegobas swavloben.<br />
diax, qvebs isrodnen, diax, berlinSi Springeris koncernis Senobis fanjrebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>imsxvra. manqanebi aal<strong>da</strong>, `bild caitungis~ erT-erTi re<strong>da</strong>qcia <strong>da</strong>zaral<strong>da</strong>,<br />
saburavebi <strong>da</strong>iglija, satransporto moZraoba paralizebuli iyo, satvirTo<br />
manqanebi ga<strong>da</strong>ayiraves, policielebis jaWvebi gaarRvies _ diax, Zalas mimarTes,<br />
fizikur Zalmomreobas. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, Springeris presis gamosvlas xeli veraferma<br />
SeuSala, quCis moZraoba ramdenime saaTSi ganaxl<strong>da</strong>. fanjrebis fuls<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>zRvevo kompaniebi ga<strong>da</strong>ixdian. <strong>da</strong>mwvari satvirTo manqanebis nacvlad, quCebSi<br />
<strong>sxvebi</strong> gamovlen. policia wylis Wavls kvlav gamoiyenebs, iseve, rogorc<br />
rezinis xeljoxebi ar mogvakldeba. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, is, rac mox<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba kvlav<br />
ganmeordes: Springeris presa kvlav gaafTrebul devnas ganagrZobs, klaus Sulci<br />
kvlav mogviwodebs, rom `am subieqtebs TvalebSi CavxedoT~ <strong>da</strong> _ modiT,<br />
viyoT Tanmimdevrulni _ vurtyaT (rac 21 Tebervals ukve mox<strong>da</strong>) <strong>da</strong>, sabolood,<br />
vesroloT~.<br />
vfiqrob, dRes mniSvnelovania fiqri imaze, Tu ra xdeba maSin, rodesac ar<br />
arsebobs kiTxvebze pasuxi.<br />
rodis iqceva kiTxvebi _ protestad <strong>da</strong> protesti _ winaaRmdegobad?<br />
rodis ibadeba mainhofi?<br />
nino lomaZe<br />
mogvwereT, editor@shokoladi.ge
Cveni avtorebi<br />
qeTi qanTaria<br />
klaviaturaze dro<strong>da</strong>dro kidev erTi wyvili xeli Cndeba <strong>da</strong><br />
miwers `ras Svebi axla qeTi~. wels axali SiSi aqvs, romelsac<br />
veRar ereva, buzebi. mec wels erTi didi buzi gamiCn<strong>da</strong>, romelsac<br />
fanjri<strong>da</strong>n ver vagdeb. televizori. mowyenili bavSvebis<br />
megobari. `axla me ra vqna~, mwers isev. `waikiTxe rame~, vuwer.<br />
`me patara var~. `ar xar.~ `var~. hm. dialogis azrgamocliloba<br />
Cemi bralia. bolo droebis Cemi sifuyis bralia. naxeT rogor<br />
aris mowyobili cxovreba. gaCerebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>fiqrebis fufuneba<br />
masSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, meore Tves gazs gamogirTaven.<br />
`jetiksis~, MTV-is degeneratuli <strong>da</strong> vulgaruli laTinuri<br />
amerikis xmaurSi (aba borxess didi xania biblioTekaSi sZinavs),<br />
patara vardisferi putkuna karieristebis mquxare sityvebSi<br />
deteqtivi, romelSic raRacas ixdian, mainc iTargmneba,<br />
avtopilotiT. rac Tavi maxsovs, dRisiT Tbilisi sul aseTi<br />
qancgamZvrali <strong>da</strong> Zalagamoclilia. albaT amitom vwvebi Zalian<br />
gvian. RamiT, Tormetis mere, rac un<strong>da</strong> gamofituli viyo, TavSi<br />
raRac naTurebi inTeba <strong>da</strong> dReis iqiTa cxovrebis <strong>da</strong>sajdomi<br />
ganaTebebi moCans. dRes ukve zustad vici, aseT mdgomareobaSi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani yvelaze kargad mosazeli plastelinia. me xom<br />
ukve beberi mgeli var <strong>da</strong> Cemi ga<strong>da</strong>zelva SeuZlebelia (Tumca,<br />
amis Tqmaze raRac sasignalo Tu sifrTxilis naTurebi mainc<br />
menTeba), magram vinc Zalian adre iZinebs? me Toro miyvars<br />
yvelaze Zaan, gunebaSi masTan erTad tyeSi vcxovrob. marTalia,<br />
mwerebis mec meSinia, magram am jiut kacTan erTad mainc<br />
iqa var. oRond erTi patara bavSvi mabaria (Svili, araSvili<br />
_ ar aqvs mniSvneloba, a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic mabaria), romelic<br />
sadRac or realobas Soris meWedeba, imitom rom kargad jer<br />
ver vuxsni, vin arian yvelaze tvinisgamxvreti buzebi, visi un<strong>da</strong><br />
eSinodes. amitom mas uyvars yvelaferi vardisferi, saitebi,<br />
romlebzec bevri vardisferi `produqti~ eguleba <strong>da</strong> naTurebi<br />
maTi Tvalierebisas enTeba. ai, axali Jurnali, romel-<br />
Sic patara a<strong>da</strong>mians axaliseben: egre gaagrZele <strong>da</strong> CvensaviT<br />
didi <strong>da</strong> msuqani (ukacravad, `skinny~ <strong>da</strong> lamazi) iqnebi, ijdebi<br />
aramyudro, magram did saxlSi <strong>da</strong> gamoSterebul Jurnalists<br />
Seni fexsacmlis oTxmoc<strong>da</strong>aT wyvils gadmouwyob. viRacas aq<br />
Svela sWirdeba, xsna _ ara, xsna garantirebulia, indulgencia<br />
met-naklebad yvela qarTvels ganaRdebuli aqvs. oTxmoc<strong>da</strong>aTi<br />
wyvili SeiZleba sulier mamasac gadmouwyo, Tu patara plastelini<br />
iqnebi. ara<strong>da</strong>, a.d.v. Toro <strong>da</strong> mec qristianebi varT.<br />
10 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
nino beqiSvili<br />
`yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani ibadeba Tavisufali <strong>da</strong> Tanaswori Tavisi<br />
RirsebiTa <strong>da</strong> uflebebiT. maT miniWebuli aqvT goneba<br />
<strong>da</strong> sindisi <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTis mimarT un<strong>da</strong> iqceodnen Zmuri<br />
suliskveTebiT~<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia<br />
muxli 1<br />
`cxeli Sokoladis~ re<strong>da</strong>qciaSi diskusiaze levan berZeniSvilma<br />
`a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis~<br />
Sesaxeb, romelic gaerom meore msoflio omis Semdeg, 1948<br />
wlis 10 dekembers miiRo, aseTi ram Tqva: `am deklaracias<br />
dRes veravin ver <strong>da</strong>wers <strong>da</strong> ar arsebobs saxelmwifo,<br />
romelic mas dRes miiReb<strong>da</strong>. yvela religiuri konfesia<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba am dokuments, es normaluricaa, asec un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos. es deklaracia yvelaferze maRla <strong>da</strong>dga swored<br />
imitom, rom misma Semqmnelebma warmoudgeneli sisastike<br />
naxes~.<br />
im dRes, 2010 wlis 15 maiss pirvelad <strong>da</strong>vfiqrdi imaze,<br />
rom SeiZleba es dokumenti gasuli saukunis yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani monapovari iyos. deklaraciis arsebobis<br />
Sesaxeb, viTarca sabWoTa moqalaqem, gvian gavige. mere<br />
uamravjer wamikiTxavs, punqtebis mixedviTac SemiZlia<br />
CamovTvalo iq aRwerili uflebebi, magram Sin mosulma<br />
kidev erTxel gadmoviRe <strong>da</strong> mivxvdi, rom batoni levani<br />
ar cdebo<strong>da</strong>. Sors wasvla <strong>da</strong> msoflioSi mimdinare<br />
procesebis gaxseneba sulac ar <strong>da</strong>mWir<strong>da</strong> _ teqstis didi<br />
nawili Tanamedrove, demokratiuli <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis gzaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>mdgari saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis didi nawilisTvis<br />
gaugebari <strong>da</strong> miuRebelia. cxadi <strong>da</strong> martivi WeSmaritebebis<br />
aRiarebis nacvlad Cvens efemerul SiSebs isev verafers<br />
vuxerxebT, <strong>da</strong> roca raRac problemis winaSe vdgebiT,<br />
`Zmuri suliskveTeba~ sadRac qreba _ sul erTia vin varT,<br />
mdidrebi Tu Raribebi, ganaTlebulebi Tu gaunaTleblebi,<br />
liberalebi Tu marTlmorwmune qristianebi.<br />
es, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, samwuxaro ambavia. erTi nugeSi isaa, rom<br />
marto ara varT _ a<strong>da</strong>mianebi sxvaganac, sxva qveynebSic<br />
met-naklebi simZafriT imave problemebis winaSe dganan.<br />
mTavari albaT isaa, rom gvjerodes _ saubriT, erTmane-<br />
Tis mosmeniT <strong>da</strong> kompromisis ZiebiT gamosavali yovel-<br />
Tvis SeiZleba vipovoT...
gonieri kbilis pastebi<br />
siamovnebis moyvarulTaTvis<br />
R.O.C.S.-is kbilis pasta `yava<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tambaqo~ specialurad<br />
SemuSavebulia yavis, Cais,<br />
wiTeli Rvinisa <strong>da</strong> Tambaqos<br />
moyvarulTaTvis.<br />
SeinarCuneT momxibvleli Rimili<br />
<strong>da</strong> jansaRi sunTqva.
mimoxilva<br />
12 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
`eqslibrisis~ mkiTxvelTa klubi<br />
yazbegis gamzirisa <strong>da</strong> TamaraSvilis quCis kuTxeSi mdebare maRazia `eqslibrisi~ cdilobs,<br />
yovel xuTSabaTs avtorebTan Sexvedris tradicia <strong>da</strong>amkvidros. magram, sxva aseTive Sexvedrebisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, es ar aris paTetikuri SemoqmedebiTi saRamoebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mwerali saku-<br />
Tari Tavis morigi gandidebisTvis mieSureba. aq yvelaferi piriqiTaa _ anu ise, rogorc un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos, <strong>da</strong> Cvenc namdvili interesebi <strong>da</strong> xalisi <strong>da</strong>gvibrundes. mwerals elodeba mkiTxvelTa<br />
viwro wre, romelsac gansaxilveli wigni wakiTxuli aqvs <strong>da</strong> konkretuli SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma<br />
surs. pirveli ori Sexvedri<strong>da</strong>n SegviZlia <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom aq marTlac <strong>da</strong>saSvebia iseT mkiTxvelTan<br />
Sexvedris molodini, romelic gvegona, rom ukve aRar arsebobs. yuradRebis centrSi<br />
swored beletristikaa, misi klasikuri gagebiT, yovelgvari poeturi <strong>da</strong> postmodernistuli<br />
triukebis gareSe _ Tu rogor qmnis avtori siuJets, personaJTa xasiaTebs <strong>da</strong> mere ukve<br />
istorias <strong>da</strong> dialogs. istoriis <strong>da</strong> dialogis <strong>da</strong>viwyeba vcadeT, Tumca mivxvdiT, rom es, ra-<br />
Rac TvalsazrisiT, mkiTxvelisa <strong>da</strong> literaturis <strong>da</strong>viwyebas udris. albaT amitomac iridebs<br />
`eqslibrisi~ poetebs _ isini arasodes misdevdnen Txrobas <strong>da</strong> ambavs. magram, Cveni paTetikuri<br />
tendenciebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, qarTuli proza, umeteswilad, swored maneruli saxelebis mqone<br />
personaJebis, maTi ara<strong>da</strong>majerebeli dialogebis <strong>da</strong> angaJirebuli siuJetebis tyveobaSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />
pirveli Sexvedra moewyo mweral zurab leJavasTan. ganxilvisTvis warmodgenili iyo<br />
mwerlis pirveli krebuli `bavSvis nakbeni karaliokze oqtombris TveSi~, romelic 2010 wels<br />
gamosca `bakur sulakauris gamomcemlobam~. wignSi mwerlis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva periodis moTxrobebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> erTi romania gaerTianebuli. rogorc maRaziisa <strong>da</strong> am programis erT-erTma warmomadgenelma,<br />
mweralma zaza koSkaZem aRniSna, zurab leJavas msubuqi Savi iumoriTa <strong>da</strong> Zalze zomieri<br />
siurrealisturi <strong>da</strong> fantasmagoriuli saxeebiT gamsWvaluli es wigni namdvili beletristikis,<br />
lamis, erTaderTi nimuSia qarTuli literaturis bolodroindel sinamdvileSi.<br />
anu aseTi Sefaseba etyoba miniSneba iyo, rom mwerali istoriiT <strong>da</strong> personaJebiT un<strong>da</strong> cxovrobdes,<br />
is un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>sxvebi</strong>s cxovrebis Semoqmedi <strong>da</strong> SeeZlos sakuTari cxovrebis gverdze<br />
gaweva, <strong>da</strong>viwyeba, <strong>da</strong> Zalze cnobismoyvarec un<strong>da</strong> iyos. marTlac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom namdvili<br />
beletristika arc mkiTxvelisTvis iqmneba, arc fulisTvis <strong>da</strong> arc karierisTvis. is<br />
ubralod istoriebis SesaZleblobaTa uzomo siyvarulis Sedegia. aseT SemTxvevaSi stilis<br />
niuansebi TavisTavad Cndeba <strong>da</strong> mkiTxvelisken mimavali kulturuli veli swored ase iqmneba.<br />
mwerals sabolood, marTlac mkiTxveli qmnis, Tuki mas miscemen amis saSualebas. aseTi fantasmagoriebisgan<br />
iqmneba yvelaze realisturi mwerloba. xolo mwerlebis xelovnuri ganwyoba<br />
CvenTvis kargad nacnob paTetikas <strong>da</strong> manerulobas warmoSobs. meore Sexvedra mweral laSa<br />
buRaZesTan Sedga. ganixilebo<strong>da</strong> misi axali wigni `literaturuli eqspresi~. laSa buRaZesTan<br />
saubari swored imis aRniSvniT <strong>da</strong>iwyo, rom es mwerlis pirveli wignia, romelic arsebul socialur-politikur<br />
mdgomareobas ar exmianeba <strong>da</strong> wmin<strong>da</strong> beletristikis nimuSia. am saukeTeso<br />
tradiciis aRdgena maRaziis xelmZRvanelebis _ Tedo mirijanaSvilisa <strong>da</strong> nata caavas <strong>da</strong>msaxurebaa.<br />
marTlac, iqneb Seiqmnas mkiTxvelTa klubi <strong>da</strong> ara ubralod msmenelTa auditoria. <strong>da</strong><br />
es yvelaferi arafersac ar emsaxureba, mxolod _ literaturis siyvaruls.<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
foto: naTia xaCiraSvili
axali `galerea 9~<br />
axlaxan gaxsnil `galerea 9~-Si, romelic gudiaSvilis 9 nomerSi mdebareobs <strong>da</strong> simpaTiur <strong>da</strong><br />
komfortabelur sivrces warmoadgens, unikaluri jgufuri gamofena Sedga _ saxelwodebiT<br />
`art procesi~. aq gamofenili namuSevrebis avtorebi TbilisSi momuSave kuratorebi, galeristebi,<br />
xelovnebaTmcodneebi an koleqcionerebi arian. cxadia, rom es mxatvar iuri beriSvilis<br />
mier organizebuli raRac postmodernistuli eqspromti iyo, romliTac am axali galereis<br />
biografia <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<br />
gamofenaze naCvenebi iyo baia wiqoriZis, van<strong>da</strong> mujiris, qeTi korZaxias, <strong>da</strong>viT andriaZis,<br />
arCil <strong>da</strong>rCias, zaira bereliZis, lika mamacaSvilis, ia dvalis, maia nozaZis, gia jamberiZis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>viT muSkudianis, nino gujabiZis, nika maWavarianis, rusiko oatis <strong>da</strong> TviT `galerea<br />
9~-s kuratoris, marina amzaSvilis namuSevrebi _ anu im profesionalebis, visi saqmianobac<br />
aqamde mxatvrebis namuSevrebze iyo <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. axla ki, Tu galeristebi ase ga<strong>da</strong>wyveten,<br />
mxatvrebs namdvilad quCaSi mouwevT <strong>da</strong>rCena. SeiZleba es raRac miniSnebaa _ `xelovneba<br />
xelovnebisTvis~ Tezisis axali, sapirispiro Tezisi _ `galerea galeristebisTvis~. an Sei-<br />
Zleba im mc<strong>da</strong>r Sexedulebas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom yoveli kritikosi verSemdgari mweralia, an<strong>da</strong><br />
galeristi _ verSemdgari mxatvari. ar mgonia, rom am gamofenas aseTi faruli survilebis<br />
asrulebis motivacia hqono<strong>da</strong>. es ufro erTi kargi <strong>da</strong> gamaxalisebeli TamaSi gamovi<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />
marTlac sWirdeba Cvens samxatvro garemos. sasurvelia aseTi TamaSis ufleba galeristebma<br />
mxatvrebsac miscen. es, SesaZloa, negatiuri <strong>da</strong> saSiSi sulac ar aRmoCndes. `galerea<br />
9~-s namdvilad kargi monaxazi gamouvi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>narCens ki, rogorc ityvian, dro gviCvenebs.<br />
swored droze, aqtualobasa <strong>da</strong> konteqstebzea saWiro <strong>da</strong>fiqreba, rogorc am axal galereaSi,<br />
aseve sxvagan. mxolod fuli arafers cvlis. is ufro myari valutis _ cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
mSvenierebis axleburad wakiTxvis pirobaa. swored dro erT-erTi yvelaze mTavari faqtoria<br />
galeristebisTvis <strong>da</strong> saintereso iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, swored drosTan, aqtualobasTan <strong>da</strong> konteqstebTan<br />
meti muSaoba, rogorc am axal galereaSi, aseve zoga<strong>da</strong>d. radgan dro, ase pir<strong>da</strong>pir,<br />
mxolodRa fuli ar aris, is ufro myari valutis _ cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> misi mSvenierebis axali<br />
wakiTxvebis pirobacaa.<br />
mimoxilva<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
foto: ani gugutiSvili<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 13
mimoxilva<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
foto: ani gugutiSvili<br />
14 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
uxmo evolucia<br />
totalitaruli epoqis arqiteqtura konceptualur<br />
fotografiaSi<br />
fotografi irina abJan<strong>da</strong>Ze axal interdisciplinur <strong>da</strong> interpersonalur<br />
proeqts, <strong>da</strong> axal gamofenas gvTavazobs. 5 maiss saqarTvelos goeTes<br />
institutSi man musikos gela megreliZesTan erTad warmoadgina fotogamofena<br />
`tempelhofi<strong>da</strong>n karl marqsis gamziramde~. berlini or nawilad<br />
_ nacional-socialistur <strong>da</strong> stalinistur banakebad iyo gayofili <strong>da</strong>,<br />
arqiteqturis mxriv, am ori diqtaturis <strong>da</strong>pirispirebac <strong>da</strong> Tanaarsebobac<br />
aq dResac TvalnaTliv Cans. irina abJan<strong>da</strong>Zem ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d fasadebi ga<strong>da</strong>iRo,<br />
xolo gela megreliZem aRmosavleT berlinSi <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi sacxovrebeli saxlebis myudro <strong>da</strong> moduri interierebi. am konstruqtivistuli<br />
reminiscenciis gamofeniT mxatvrebi gvaCveneben, rom bnelma<br />
istoriam Caiara <strong>da</strong> nagebobebi ubralod nagebobebad <strong>da</strong>rCa, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
maTi imdroindeli ideologiuri konteqstebisa. irina abJan<strong>da</strong>Ze ar Ralatobs<br />
wmin<strong>da</strong> xelovnebis normebs <strong>da</strong> is dokumenturi <strong>da</strong> struqturalisturi<br />
fotografiis mediums namdvili <strong>da</strong> mokrZalebuli Terapiis formad<br />
iyenebs. mayurebeli ecnoba nacional-socialisturi germaniis gauqmebuli<br />
aeroportis miwisqveSa saTavsoebs, romlebic faSisturi germaniis sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo<br />
samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis adgilebsac warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, gela megreliZis<br />
programis perifrazi rom gavakeToT, marTlac gasaocaria am oTaxebSi<br />
mxiaruli grafitebisa <strong>da</strong> naxatebis aRmoCena, kedlebs uwyinarad rom<br />
amSvenebs. gamofenis gaxsnaze arqiteqtorma levan lominaSvilma waikiTxa<br />
moxseneba nacional-socialisturi arqiteqturis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.<br />
aseve uCvenes nawyveti filmi<strong>da</strong>n `msoflio de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi germania~.<br />
26 aprils marjaniSvilis Teatris scena uCveulo speqtakls<br />
<strong>da</strong>eTmo. quTaisis 45-e skolis moswavleebma, giga miqaZis re-<br />
JisorobiT, mimodrama `evolucia~ warmoadgines. uCveulo ki<br />
am, erTi SexedviT, dramaturgiiTa <strong>da</strong> inscenirebiT Cveulebriv<br />
speqtaklSi is iyo, rom scenaze mdgom arc erT bavSvs ar<br />
esmo<strong>da</strong>. quTaisis 45-e skola yru-munji bavSvebisTvisaa gankuTvnili.<br />
`evoluciam~ yvelanairi winaswarganwyoba <strong>da</strong> stereotipi<br />
gaaqro, rac mayurebels SeiZleba provinciuli Teatris mimarT<br />
hqondes. dekoraciebis kitCuri nimuSebiT gaformebis nacvlad,<br />
scena minimalisturia. aranairi kostiumi, arc erTi rekviziti. patara msaxiobebi ki dramaturgiul<br />
ganviTarebas, moZraobis dinamikas <strong>da</strong> metic, musikasac ise mihyvebian, rTulia <strong>da</strong>ijero, rom maT arc<br />
sakuTari moZraobis xma esmiT, <strong>da</strong> speqtaklSi erTmaneTis funqcia <strong>da</strong> scenaris Sinaarsi reJisorisgan<br />
Jestis pe<strong>da</strong>gogis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT gaiges. piter gebrielis meditaciuri musikis fonze, romelic<br />
musikosma skorsezes `qristes ukanaskneli cdunebisTvis~ <strong>da</strong>wera, speqtaklSi samyaros <strong>da</strong>badebis<br />
pirveli scena viTardeba. TeTr tiloSi gaxveulebi scenaze wvanan. ramdenime wuTis Semdeg erTi<br />
maTgani jer frTxilad, Semdeg <strong>da</strong>JinebiT, elastiuri moZraobiT cdilobs garsis SemorRvevas <strong>da</strong><br />
male naWris `kvercxi<strong>da</strong>n~ jer kaci `ibadeba~, Semdeg _ qali. erTmaneTs ramdenime wuTis manZilze<br />
Sori<strong>da</strong>n akvirdebian, mere ki xelebiT erTmaneTis sxeulebis Seswavlas iwyeben; amCneven msgavsebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> gansxvavebas. es samyaros Seqmnis <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis ganviTarebis ambavia. yvela Tvisebas <strong>da</strong> SegrZnebas<br />
gza<strong>da</strong>gza iZenen; swavloben, rogor <strong>da</strong>Zlion SimSili, wyurvili, sicive. mere sxva kvercxebi<strong>da</strong>nac<br />
iCekebian <strong>da</strong> Cndeba tomi. tomi iwyebs cxovrebas. tomSi Cndeba pirveli tyuili, pirveli <strong>da</strong>naSauli<br />
_ codva <strong>da</strong> amiT gamowveuli mkvleloba; bolos ki _ rwmena <strong>da</strong> siyvaruli, rogorc kaTarzisi.<br />
scenaze mdgomma 13-ma mozardma, romlebsac speqtaklis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas maTken mimarTuli aplodismentebis<br />
xmac ki ar esmo<strong>da</strong>T, mimodramis saSualebiT sazogadoebas aCvena <strong>da</strong> uambo im gzis Sesaxeb,<br />
yvelani rom gavdivarT, ganurCevlad imisa, Cvens welTaRricxvamde <strong>da</strong>vibadeT, Tu 21-e saukuneSi.<br />
avtori: naTia guliaSvili
mimoxilva<br />
16 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
iuri meCiTovis Jurnalisturi retrospeqtiva<br />
qarvaslaSi gaixsna cnobili qarTveli fotografis, iuri meCiTovis gamofena, romelic<br />
detalebSi asaxavs saqarTvelos cxovrebas 1981 wli<strong>da</strong>n dRemde. es <strong>da</strong>xunZluli eqspozicia<br />
matianes warmoadgens, magram mTavari aq mainc a<strong>da</strong>mianTa bedia; a<strong>da</strong>mianebis, romlebmac ukiduresad<br />
rTuli <strong>da</strong> siZneleebiT aRsavse cxovreba ganvles <strong>da</strong> aseve Seegebnen 21-e saukunes.<br />
Tu rogori ganadgurebulebi SevediT 21-e saukuneSi, amis saCveneblad iuri meCiTovma<br />
iseTi fotoebi gamofina, romelic Cvens rux cxovrebas Segvaxsenebs, <strong>da</strong> rasac ukve veRarc<br />
vamCnevT, radgan Tvali SeeCvia. am fotoebze alag-alag krTeba raRac Souebis, modelebis,<br />
dResaswaulebis amsaxveli kadrebi, romlebic, Raribuli sabWoTa periodis raionuli<br />
sasadiloebis an atalaxebul quCebSi umweod <strong>da</strong>rCenili a<strong>da</strong>mianebis fonze, sevdian<br />
Sinaarss iZenen _ TiTqos es zeimebi soflis mitovebul klubSi imarTeba, Cven ki Cveni<br />
cxovreba uaRresad feSenebeluri gvgonia. mitingebi, samgloviaro procesiebi, SimSili,<br />
omebi, <strong>da</strong>rbevebi, gulubryvilobamde misuli uimedoba _ iuri meCiTovi imas gviCvenebs, rac<br />
mis garSemo yoveldRiurad iyo am 20 wlis manZilze. erT suraTSi is kontrasts asaxavs<br />
_ cocxlad <strong>da</strong>rCenili mebrZolebis win miwaze <strong>da</strong>svenebuli, <strong>da</strong>xocili <strong>da</strong> nawamebi jariskacebis<br />
sxeulebi. Cven ki kontrastis mxolod erT mxares vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, <strong>da</strong>viRaleT <strong>da</strong> gamosavali,<br />
principSi, mainc ar Cans.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad fotosuraTebis simravlisa, fotografma eqspozicia ise aawyo, rom es masStaburi<br />
gamofena <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebels ar Rlis. <strong>da</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad yvelafrisa, arc simZimis grZnoba<br />
mogyveba <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gamosuls. albaT imitom, rom es realobaa <strong>da</strong> aq aravin gatyuebs.<br />
fotografi gvaCvenebs, rom simarTles, ra mZimec un<strong>da</strong> iyos is, ukeTesi momavlis realuri<br />
safuZveli metad aqvs, vidre aqa-iq amokrefil mxiarul, sinamdvileSi ki, sevdian kadrebs.<br />
mnaxvels iseTi ganwyoba eufleba, TiTqos am gamofenis mere raRac un<strong>da</strong> Seicvalos, TiTqos<br />
es am ruxi periodis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis sindromia. ar vici, rogor moaxerxa fotografma aseTi<br />
optimisturi gancdis Seqmna _ nuTu mxolod imiT, rom viciT, cuds kargi mosdevs, <strong>da</strong><br />
rom aq yvela foto Sav-TeTria, <strong>da</strong>rbazis gareT ki mainc mravali feriT aRsavse cxovreba<br />
gvelodeba.<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
foto: irina xuciSvili
ok kafe droebiT <strong>da</strong>ixura<br />
1 maiss rok kafe droebiT sazeimod <strong>da</strong>ixura e.w. papsas ironiuli jem koncertiT. manamde<br />
ki, ramdenime dRiT adre <strong>da</strong>xurvis realuri programa valeri xaCiZes <strong>da</strong> jguf `monoplans~<br />
ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>T. es jgufi, romelic TbilisSi avangardul alternatiul roks ukravs, marTlac<br />
yvelaze metad enaTesaveba `autsaiders~ <strong>da</strong> mis mTavar figuras, robi kuxianiZes. swored es<br />
ori musikosi iyo warmodgenili bolo koncertebze rok kafeSi, 28 <strong>da</strong> 29 aprils.<br />
Tu `autsaiders~ rusuli pankis Slageri <strong>da</strong> qarTuli kitCuri baladis kargad gamogonili<br />
melodiuri Samanizmi aerTianebs, `monoplani~ wmin<strong>da</strong> anarqistuli pankia, harmoniis pirobiTi<br />
monaxaziT, refrenis monotonurobiT, arcTu martivi melodiiT <strong>da</strong> yvirilSi ga<strong>da</strong>suli<br />
vokaliT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom orive am jgufs utopiuri anarqistuli idealebi asazrdoebs,<br />
iseTi, ruseTSi, ukrainaSi an amerikaSi rom SeiZleba naxoT, magram ara _ saqarTveloSi. <strong>da</strong><br />
SeiZleba swored ocnebis es xarisxi hmatebs momxibvlelobas maT musikas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>xurvis wina dReebSi rok kafeSi sxva raRacebic mox<strong>da</strong> _ mwerali Teona dolenjaSvili performansebis<br />
keTebaze ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> erT saRamos beqa molaSvilTan erTad SesaniSnavi teqsturmusikaluri<br />
performansi warmoadgina, saxelwodebiT `fi<strong>da</strong>i~. es iyo istoria Saxid qalze,<br />
romelic Tavs ifeTqebs. Cven, mayureblebi ki vxe<strong>da</strong>vdiT am qals <strong>da</strong>rbazSi <strong>da</strong> vicodiT, rom<br />
mas Tavi un<strong>da</strong> aefeTqebina. amasobaSi Teona dolenjaSvilis prozauli reCitativi poeziad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>iqca <strong>da</strong> mTlianobaSi es gamosvla marTlac kargi performansi gamovi<strong>da</strong>; gvesmo<strong>da</strong> teqsti<br />
<strong>da</strong> am teqstis detalebi ufro gvxiblav<strong>da</strong>, vidre istoria.<br />
mokled, raRac misteriuli dReebi idga _ valeri xaCiZem wiTeli qsoviliT Tvalaxveulma<br />
imRera mTeli koncerti, romelic erT uwyvet mTlianobaSi mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. mas SesaniSnavi<br />
gitaristi, stas rogankovi <strong>da</strong> bendi hyav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> es marTlac erT-erTi saukeTeso koncerti iyo<br />
bolo periodis TbilisSi. Teona dolenjaSvilma moulodnelad lamazi literatura <strong>da</strong> teqsti<br />
Seqmna, ara mxolod imiT, rac ukve <strong>da</strong>werili hqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> xelSi eWira, aramed mTlad Cven<br />
Tvalwin, iqve rac iqmnebo<strong>da</strong> _ teqsts, musikasa <strong>da</strong> Saxid msaxiob qals Soris.<br />
gul<strong>da</strong>sawyvetia <strong>da</strong> albaT bevrs moenatreba es adgili rusTavelze. miT umetes, rogorc cnobilia,<br />
aq xuTSabaTobiT `lib.ge~-sa <strong>da</strong> rok kafes erToblivi art-saRamoebis tradiciac <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tumca, rok kafe male, sul ramdenime TveSi axal SenobaSi gaixsneba. manamde ki `lib.ge~<br />
gaCerebas arc apirebs _ ukve ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, literaturis muzeumTan iTanamSromlebs.<br />
foto: irina xuciSvili<br />
mimoxilva<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
foto: naTia xaCiraSvili<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 17
mimoxilva<br />
18 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
gaseirneba Zveli Tbilisis fotopeizaJSi<br />
evropis saxlma TbilisSi saqmianoba masStaburi kulturuli RonisZiebiT<br />
_ fotogamofeniT <strong>da</strong>iwyo. Zveli Tbilisis ubnebi 3 dRiT Tbilisi Open Air<br />
Photo Fest-is sagamofeno teritoriad iqca. 15 maisis Rames gudiaSvilis<br />
baRi<strong>da</strong>n abanoTubnamde <strong>da</strong>montaJebul aT ekranze asobiT foto cvli<strong>da</strong><br />
erTmaneTs. gamofena cnobili arlis fotofestivalis (Les Rencontres<br />
d’Arles) programasac maspinZlob<strong>da</strong>. arlis „wlis Ramis“ farglebSi erTi<br />
Ramis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime ekrani sinqronulad dilamde uCveneb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
imeoreb<strong>da</strong> msoflios wamyvani Jurnalebis, saagentoebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
fotoxelovanebis namuSevrebs <strong>da</strong> videoproeqciebs. maT Soris iyo: Le<br />
Monde, Vogue, GQ, STILETTO, Reuters, World Press Photo, Magmun Photos, Corbis Outline.<br />
paralelurad ki, im RamiT SegeZloT Tbilisis fotografiis saxlis<br />
mier warmodgenili 12 qarTveli fotografis <strong>da</strong> 2 qarTuli Jurnalis _<br />
`liberalis~ <strong>da</strong> `tabulas~ fotoreportiorebis namuSevrebic genaxaT;<br />
aseve _ uiliam kleinis telearx ARTE-sTvis Seqmnili videoseria `kontaqtebi~,<br />
nan goldinis Sesaxeb, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoyenebulia fotoebi goldinis<br />
cikli<strong>da</strong>n `bala<strong>da</strong> seqsualur <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaze~. Zveli Tbilisis arqiteqturuli<br />
Taviseburebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, gamofena Photo Fest TbilisSi sagamofeno<br />
sivrcis gamoyenebis yvelaze saintereso SemTxveva iyo. mTlianobaSi,<br />
mTeli es sivrce erTian kompozicias warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>: Zveli Tbilisis<br />
sxeuli <strong>da</strong> 10 patara Tvali, sa<strong>da</strong>c mudmivad cimcimeb<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
gamosaxuleba. ekranebs Soris moseirne mayureblis moZraoba erTgvari<br />
hefeningis ganwyobas qmni<strong>da</strong>, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebeli<br />
fotoperformansSi uSualod ar monawileob<strong>da</strong>. arlis programis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />
Tbilisis fotofestivalis farglebSi ramdenime personaluri gamofena,<br />
fotografTa <strong>da</strong>jildoeba, diskusia <strong>da</strong> Alter Vision-is organizebuli koncertic<br />
moewyo. 14 maiss, festivalis gaxsnis dRes evropis saxlSi saagento<br />
magnumma konkursis _ `prizi axalgazr<strong>da</strong> fotografisTvis kavkasiis<br />
regioni<strong>da</strong>n“ _ monawileebi <strong>da</strong>ajildova. <strong>da</strong>ro sulakaurma saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>da</strong> karen mirzoianma somxeTi<strong>da</strong>n sapatio diplomebi miiRes, gamarjvebuli<br />
ki azerbaijaneli rena efendi gax<strong>da</strong>, romlis proeqtis PIPE DREAMS gamofena<br />
evropis saxlSi im dResve moewyo. fotoseria, romelic baqo-Tbilisijeihanis<br />
navTobsadens exebo<strong>da</strong>, gviCvenebs, Tu rogor aisaxeba 1700 km-ze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wimuli politikurad mniSvnelovani milsadeni regionis sami qveynis<br />
socialur cxovrebaze. proeqtis Cveneba msoflios ramdenime qveyanaSi<br />
ukve Sedga <strong>da</strong> wigna<strong>da</strong>c gamoica, Tumca Tavad azerbaijanSi, politikuri<br />
cenzuris gamo, <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebels misi naxvis saSualeba dRemde<br />
ar hqonia. meore personaluri gamofena festivalis <strong>da</strong>xurvis dRes, 16<br />
maiss `purpurSi~ Sedga. maikl kenas fotoseria `saqarTvelo~ 2008 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi iqmnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> festivalis organizatoris, nestan niJara-<br />
Zis TqmiT, gamofenaze warmodgenili 11 foto, romelic kenam Tbilisis<br />
fotografiis saxls personalurad gamougzavna, seriis nawilia, romelic<br />
aucileblad gagrZeldeba <strong>da</strong> wigna<strong>da</strong>c gamoicema. qarTveli <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebeli<br />
ucxoeli fotografis TvaliT <strong>da</strong>naxul saqarTveloSi naklebad Tu<br />
aRmoaCens raime siaxles. mTis peizaJebi <strong>da</strong> misi aucilebeli komponentebi<br />
_ eklesia <strong>da</strong> maRlobze Semomdgari cxvari. meore mxriv ki, zRvis sanapiro<br />
zolis palmebi albaT ufro maTTvis iqneba saintereso, visTvisac saqarTvelo<br />
ucnobi egzotikuri qveyanaa. saboloo jamSi, Tbilisis fotofestivali<br />
Tbiliseli fotomoyvarulebisTvis saukeTeso SesaZlebloba<br />
iyo, lokalur sivrceSi enaxaT, Tu rogor gamoiyureba bolo dros mediis<br />
grandebis fotoTvalebiT <strong>da</strong>naxuli beberi samyaro, Tavisi ukanaskneli<br />
konfliqturi SeiaraRebiT, Raribi ubnebis getoebiTa <strong>da</strong> Ramis qalaqebis<br />
glamuruli cxovrebiT.<br />
avtori: naTia guliaSvili<br />
foto: levan xerxeuliZe
Rvinis festivali<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT ori kviris win eTnografiuli muzeumisTvis sateliti<strong>da</strong>n foto ro ga<strong>da</strong>geRo,<br />
Sua saukuneebis banaki gegonebo<strong>da</strong>. SeiZleba kidev ufro Sors wasvla <strong>da</strong> romelime aRmosavleli<br />
<strong>da</strong>mpyroblis laSqrobis dros gaSlil banakze saubaric, magram iq, eTnografiulSi, arc<br />
murvan yru iyo <strong>da</strong> verc grZelfexa edvards mohkravdiT Tvals. im karvebSi, romelic romeli-<br />
Rac qveynis armiis banaks hgav<strong>da</strong>, qarTveli meRvineebi iyvnen <strong>da</strong>binavebulni _ Tavisi naJuriT,<br />
wiTliT <strong>da</strong> TeTriT, wulukiZis TeTraTi <strong>da</strong> usaxelauriT, qvevris <strong>da</strong> qarxnis RviniT...<br />
eWvi mepareba, vinmem ar icodes, raze vlaparakob, magram ar iqneba urigo, Tu mainc gavixsenebT.<br />
ese igi, Sen xar Cemi batoni, eTnografiul muzeumSi `axali Rvinis festivali~ Catar<strong>da</strong>.<br />
eTnografiuls im dRes saqarTvelos yvela kuTxi<strong>da</strong>n ewvivnen meRvineebi. iyvnen didi qarxnebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi TavianTi auareba RviniT, aqauriT <strong>da</strong> iqauriT, mSraliT <strong>da</strong> naxevrad<br />
mSraliT, tkbiliT <strong>da</strong> naxevrad tkbiliT... yvelaze gemrieli ki mainc meRvine ojaxebi iyvnen<br />
TavianTi neqtariT, mama-papis <strong>da</strong>tovebuli tradiciebiT <strong>da</strong> muRamiT, rasac ubralod, mxolod<br />
Rvinis msmeli a<strong>da</strong>miani ver xvdeba. yvela Tavisi Rvinis istorias hyvebo<strong>da</strong>. saubrobdnen teqnologiebze<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva aTas wvrilmanze, rasac mxolod Rvinis smiT ver gaigeb.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, es iyo erTgvari seminari maTTvis, visac Rvino uyvars <strong>da</strong> erTxel mainc<br />
ufiqria, Tavad moevlo venaxisTvis, rTvelSi garjiliyo, <strong>da</strong>ewura <strong>da</strong> bolos <strong>da</strong>elia sakuTari<br />
nawarmi. Tumca, es festivali mainc pirveli Rvinis zeimi iyo saqarTveloSi. Cven gvaxsovs sayovelTao<br />
rTvelebi, ceka-s mdivniT <strong>da</strong>wyebuli dRevandeli prezidentiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli yvela<br />
rom iRebs monawileobas. magram is sxva rame iyo <strong>da</strong> sxva miznebisTvis gaTvlili, romelsac<br />
TavisTavad sxva Sedegi moaqvs. `axali Rvinis festivali~ ki ubralod klasgareSe sakiTxaviviT<br />
iyo, zogadi ganaTlebis ambavSi, romelsac cota SeJuJunebuli Tav-guliT ufro gemrielad<br />
SeigrZnobdi, <strong>da</strong>Rvrili oflis sunsac igrZnobdi, <strong>da</strong>koJril xelebsac <strong>da</strong>afasebdi <strong>da</strong> miwis<br />
madlsac SeigrZnobdi. ar mindo<strong>da</strong>, nametani sadRegrZelosaviT gamomsvlo<strong>da</strong>, magram `Rvinis<br />
klubi~ <strong>da</strong> festivalis partniorebi imisTvis, rac me `eTnografiul muzeumSi~ vnaxe, marTla<br />
erT karg <strong>da</strong> madlian sadRegrZelos imsaxureben.<br />
mimoxilva<br />
avtori: giorgi svaniZe<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 19
mimoxilva<br />
20 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
aris Tu ara oleg timCenkos sfinqsi samkauli<br />
oleg timCenkos, rogorc avtoritetis, es personaluri gamofena saxelwodebiT `sfinqsi _<br />
saganZuris mcveli~ `gala galereaSi~ SeiZleba imTaviTve miviCnioT raRac iracionalur receptad,<br />
socialuri kritikis indikatorad. avangardTan ase <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mxatvari SeuZlebelia<br />
kritikisgan Sors idges. <strong>da</strong> Tu is sakuTar feriebs, sirenebs <strong>da</strong> axla ukve samkaulebs<br />
aseTi xazgasmiT xatavs, es ar aris mxolod silamazis naivuri aRqmis ubraloeba, aramed<br />
SeiZleba ormagi kritikac ki aRmoCndes _ ukve ara mxolod socialuri fonis, aramed TviT im<br />
artistebisken mimarTuli, romlebic <strong>da</strong>usrulebeli konceptualuri gasaCivrebebiT, nihilisturi<br />
reagirebebiT <strong>da</strong> marTlac wmin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> usafuZvlo narcisistuli pozirebiT arian <strong>da</strong>kavebulebi.<br />
oleg timCenkos personaluri gamofena warmatebuli iyo. ar maxsendeba bolo periodSi<br />
gamofenis gaxsnaze mosuli amdeni <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebeli. SeiZleba Tbilisi patara qalaqia, aq<br />
mxolod qarTvelebi cxovroben <strong>da</strong> yvela yvelas icnobs, magram timCenkos gamofenis gaxsnaze<br />
me namdvilad ar vicnobdi yvelas. esec triukia, akeTo iseTi xelovneba, romelic yvelas<br />
moizi<strong>da</strong>vs. aseTi triuki ki niWia _ akritikebde ara aqtivisturad, sworxazovnad, lozungiT<br />
_ aramed ase ironiulad, Sefarulad, <strong>da</strong>xvewilad, impersonalurad. swored am unariT<br />
gax<strong>da</strong> endi uorholi yvelasgan gamorCeuli <strong>da</strong> albaT namdvili avangardis yvelaze utyuari<br />
niSanic es aris. oleg timCenkos skivrebis, beWdebis, mZivebis, gnomebisa <strong>da</strong> sarfiani garigebebis<br />
scenebis es gamofena, rogorc firosmans, Sav fonze aqvs <strong>da</strong>xatuli. <strong>da</strong> iseve, rogorc<br />
niko firosmanTan, an endi uorholTan, aqac figurebi cariel sivrceSi gamokidebuli aplikaciebia<br />
<strong>da</strong> amiT maTi solipsisturi gamovlineba <strong>da</strong>uviwyari <strong>da</strong> STambeW<strong>da</strong>via. oleg timCenkos<br />
es gamofena imiTac aris gamorCeuli, rom aq misi xatvis Zveli xelwera kvlav Zalze uSualod<br />
Cans <strong>da</strong> ar aris <strong>da</strong>tvirTuli raime siuJetze an koncefciaze miniSnebebiT. am suraTebSi<br />
swored oleg timCenkos magiuri konturebis xazi <strong>da</strong> am xazebis palitraa erT-erTi mTavari<br />
gzavnili.<br />
diax, saqme swored piriqiTaa, avangardSi xelovneba samkauli ar aris, Tun<strong>da</strong>c naxatSi samkauli<br />
exatos _ <strong>da</strong> kargad rom <strong>da</strong>ukvirde, mas verc gamoiyeneb. aseTi, TiTqmis SeumCneveli<br />
ironiis mqone mxatvaria oleg timCenko. is mixv<strong>da</strong>, ras elodebian a<strong>da</strong>mianebi mxatvrobisgan<br />
<strong>da</strong> maT am <strong>da</strong>xatuli samkaulebiviT ZviradRirebul poezias sTavazobs.<br />
`gala galerea~ sul axlaxan gaixsna <strong>da</strong> misma mflobelma <strong>da</strong> kuratorma dedika buliam ukve<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyo im niSis Seqmna, rac SeiZleba axal, ufro ukeTes <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaxurebul epoqasac uqaddes<br />
saqarTvelos samxatvro kulturas. es galerea xazgasmiT, ukompromisod <strong>da</strong> eleganturad warmoadgens<br />
maRali gemovnebis Tanamedrove mxatvrobas <strong>da</strong> misi uaxlesi istoriis Seqmnas iwyebs.<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
foto: irina xuciSvili
mimoxilva<br />
istoriuli reversi<br />
sapnis aromatiT<br />
avtori: naTia guliaSvili<br />
foto: Tako robaqiZe<br />
rusTavelis Teatris eqsperimentul scenaze ivnisamde<br />
proeqt `axali talRis~ piesebi iqneba warmodgenili.<br />
Teatris magistrant studentebs `Ria<br />
sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ konkursSi gasuli am<br />
proeqtis farglebSi 10 axalgazr<strong>da</strong> qarTveli dramaturgis<br />
piesa scenaze ga<strong>da</strong>aqvT.<br />
`sapnis opusi~ 10 piesi<strong>da</strong>n erT-erTia, romelic<br />
dramaturg <strong>da</strong>To gabunias ekuTvnis, reJisori ki maka<br />
nacvliSvilia. dramaturgisTvis es rigiT mesame namuSevaria.<br />
erTmoqmedebiani drama-komediis uvertiura Teatris<br />
gverdiTa Sesasvleli<strong>da</strong>n iwyeba, sa<strong>da</strong>c germaneli<br />
oficris formaSi gamowyobili qali mkacrad<br />
gafrTxilebT, rom telefonebi gamorToT <strong>da</strong> gaxsovdeT,<br />
saaTisa <strong>da</strong> 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Senobas ver<br />
<strong>da</strong>tovebT. mere ki bneli gvirabis gavliT, romelic<br />
Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan labirinTis saxes iRebs <strong>da</strong> sul ufro Rrmad,<br />
sar<strong>da</strong>fisken CahyavxarT, farniT xelSi migiZRvebaT.<br />
lamis 5-wuTiani mogzaurobis Semdeg, sarepeticio<br />
oTaxs miadgebiT, speqtaklis scenad rom<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>uqmniaT. oTaxis karTan ki kontroliori yvelas<br />
saTiTaod gkiTxavT `qarTveli xar?~ <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>debiTi<br />
pasuxis SemTxvevaSi wiTel beWeds gasvamT mtevanze.<br />
22 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
amgvarad, mayurebelic am jurRmulis erT-erTi tusaRi<br />
xdeba, romelsac arc fanjara aqvs, arc gana-<br />
Teba, mxolod scenis siRrmeSi, ukana kedels wiTeli<br />
Suqi anaTebs <strong>da</strong> mis fonze Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan arCevT 3 sxeuls.<br />
qalebi oTaxSi auCqareblad <strong>da</strong> umisamarToT <strong>da</strong>borialeben.<br />
moqmedeba 1953 wels viTardeba, meore msoflio<br />
omis Semdeg 7 welia gasuli, Tumca aq istoriuli<br />
realoba Tav<strong>da</strong>yira dgas. 1945 wlis gamarjvebuli nacisturi<br />
germaniaa, stalini tyveobaSi hyavT. cisfer-<br />
Tvala, qeraTmiani germanelebi TavianTi janmrTeli,<br />
ariuli rasis gasamravleblad abasTumnis sakoncentracio<br />
banakad ga<strong>da</strong>keTebul observatoriaSi <strong>da</strong>tusaRebul<br />
qarTvel qalebs aupatiureben <strong>da</strong> eqsperimentebs<br />
atareben.<br />
am abzacis Semdeg uTuod gagaxsendebo<strong>da</strong>T kventin<br />
tarantinos swored meore msoflio omis Temaze parodireba<br />
filmSi `usaxelo nabiWvrebi~.<br />
sakoncentracio banakis erT oTaxSi 4 mTavari gmiri<br />
qali cxovrobs. nestani, medea, qeTevani <strong>da</strong> salome.<br />
saxelebs literaturuli personaJebi<strong>da</strong>n iReben,<br />
albaT imitom, rom mayurebelma maTi saqarTvelos-<br />
Tan identifikaciis SegrZneba ar <strong>da</strong>kargos. scenis
mTeli dekoracia 4 logini <strong>da</strong> maT Tavze <strong>da</strong>kidebuli<br />
naTurebia. qalebs sakoncentracio banakis stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli<br />
forma _ moSxamuli iisferi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nomrili kabebi<br />
acviaT. amgvari gaformeba gabunias speqtaklebisTvis<br />
uCveulo araa <strong>da</strong> karnavalur kostiumebiT,<br />
dekoraciebiT <strong>da</strong> paTetikuri yviril-SeZaxilebiT<br />
gajerebul qarTul Teatralur sivrceSi, es namdvilad<br />
minimalisturi arCevania. samagierod, aq mTeli<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTva teqstze modis, rac avtorisTvis mniSvnelovania,<br />
dramaturgias dialogebiTa <strong>da</strong> monologebiT<br />
aviTarebs <strong>da</strong> zogjer sxva literaturuli teqstebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>TamaSebasac mimarTavs.<br />
oTxive gmiri sakuTari `solo~ monologiT ixsenebs<br />
arcTu Soreul warsuls, germaniasTan <strong>da</strong>marcxebamdel<br />
saqarTvelos, mSoblebs, sayvarel a<strong>da</strong>mians,<br />
romelic germanelebma <strong>da</strong>xvrites, an romelmac im<br />
mizeziT miatova, rom colad maSindeli kulturis<br />
ministris grigol robaqiZis qaliSvili falestra SeerTo.<br />
istoriul sinamdvileSi `falestras~ avtors<br />
<strong>da</strong> faSizmiT gatacebul robaqiZes speqtaklSi germaniis<br />
imperia am TanamdebobiT asaCuqrebs.<br />
imperias arc im qarTveli dedebis gmirobis wodebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>jildoeba enaneba, romelTa saSoc erTgulad<br />
emsaxureba arielebis gamravlebis saqmes. Tumca Cveni<br />
oTxeulisTvis es gmiroba sasjeli <strong>da</strong> tanjvaa, radgan<br />
amis gamo qarTvelebi maT moRalateebad Tvlian<br />
<strong>da</strong> ician, mtris msaxurebas aRarasodes apatieben. qalebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>naSaulis gamosyidva arc im protestis gamoxatviT<br />
SeuZliaT, romelsac mTeli saqarTvelo<br />
moucavs. saqme isaa, rom germanelebi sakoncentra-<br />
cio banakebSi qarTvelebis muclis qonisgan sapons<br />
amzadeben <strong>da</strong> xalxs urigeben. tyveebi ki ormag winaaRmdegobaSi<br />
vardebian, erTi mxriv, maT mtris binZuri<br />
Teslis CamoSoreba <strong>da</strong> amiT <strong>da</strong>orsulebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
acileba surT, meore mxriv ki, kargad ician sapnis<br />
Semadgeneli ingredientebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>banaze uaris TqmiT<br />
cdiloben SeinarCunon qarTveloba. es pasaJi ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />
dramatulia scenis realobaSi, imdenadve komikuria<br />
qarTul kulturul <strong>da</strong> socialur konteqstSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> `qarTuli Rirsebis SenarCunebis~ ritorikis parodias<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
qalebis mdgomareoba Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan gausaZlisi xdeba,<br />
yvela maTgani fiqrobs TviTmkvlelobaze, magram banakSi<br />
oTaxebs fanjrebi ar aqvs, Weri ki miuwvdomlad<br />
maRalia <strong>da</strong> arc raime nivTi moepovebaT, rom sxeuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>izianon. kulminaciur momentSi maTi mxsneli saponi<br />
aRmoCndeba, roca afeqtSi myofi erT-erTi tusaRi<br />
mamebis, Zmebis <strong>da</strong> qmrebis qonisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebul sapnis<br />
did maragSi gaSmagebiT eZebs sakuTar gulisswors <strong>da</strong><br />
`poulobs~, mere wylis kasrSi dgeba <strong>da</strong> esiyvaruleba.<br />
kvanZis gaxsna misi bolo moqmedebaa _ qali patara<br />
WurWels nabani sapniani wyliT avsebs <strong>da</strong> sulmouTqmelad<br />
gamoclis. <strong>sxvebi</strong>c mas baZaven.<br />
maSin, roca omis <strong>da</strong> qalis Temaze qarTuli xelovneba<br />
qalis, rogorc gmiris <strong>da</strong> namdvili vaJkacebis<br />
aRmzrdeli dedis saxis SeqmniT Semoifargleba, `sapnis<br />
opusi~ istoriis erTi nawilis gayalbebiT, im gacilebiT<br />
mtkivneul magram uxilav mxares eZebs <strong>da</strong><br />
gvaCvenebs, romelic SeiZleba sulac ar dgas realobisgan<br />
Zalian Sors.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 23
ecenzia<br />
mieciT qmari ninis...<br />
<strong>da</strong> `vardisferi neorealizmi~ tanjul mayurebels<br />
rogorc iqna!.. wvalebiT<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli filmebi omze,<br />
siduxWireze, narkomanebze,<br />
qurdebze, umuSevrebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva aTasi juris ubedurebaze<br />
optimisturma<br />
`ocnebis qalaqma~ erT kviraSi<br />
gaabaTila. rogorc<br />
amboben, filmma kinogaqiravebas<br />
ukve rekorduli<br />
Semosavali moutana. warmatebul<br />
prodiusers (marto<br />
rene harlinis `jorjia~<br />
rad Rirs!), yoCaR klipmeikers<br />
(fsous wyalic xom<br />
gaxsovT?) <strong>da</strong> axla `ocnebis qalaqiT~ Tu vimsjelebT, komerciul<br />
reJisors _ <strong>da</strong>viT ime<strong>da</strong>Svils didi Sansi aqvs,<br />
qarTul depresiul `neorealizmze~ erTi mardi <strong>da</strong> msubuqi<br />
xelis <strong>da</strong>kvriT amaRldes. aba, qalaqi tyuila<strong>da</strong>a ase<br />
ganaTebuli, xolo saaxalwlod rusTavelze iluminaciis<br />
mauwyebeli WaRebi ubralod <strong>da</strong>kides? an `pe-es-pe~ marto<br />
`Cveni ojaxis afTiaqi~ xom ar iqneba?.. aucilebelia,<br />
cota ram saqmian burJuziasac <strong>da</strong>rCes gasarTobad.<br />
yvelaferi, rac ime<strong>da</strong>Svilis imediT, saaxalwlod Se-<br />
Txzul `ocnebis qalaqSia~ _ saqmianad mibnedili Sorena<br />
begaSvilis xarisxiani TeTreuliT (xanac `SaveuliT~) <strong>da</strong>wyebuli,<br />
`naiT ofisSi~ momzadebuli alublis koqteilebiT,<br />
Tu finalSi momlodined gaocebuli maia asaTianis<br />
reaqciiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli _ `vardisferi cxovrebis~<br />
mZafrad gamoxatul iluzias ukavSirdeba. rogorc Cans,<br />
amaod verCodiT Tavis droze sazogadoebriv mauwyebels<br />
`vardisferi gzis~ gamo. masze axla ukve nac-moZraobiT<br />
waxalisebuli axalgazr<strong>da</strong> reJisori, <strong>da</strong>viT ime<strong>da</strong>Svili,<br />
dramaturg beso solomonaSvilis TiTqmis zomieri iumoris<br />
xarjze miabijebs. <strong>da</strong> jguf `mgzavrebis~ eniT Tu<br />
melodiiT gvamcnobs: `Cven avaSenebT ocnebis qalaqs~.<br />
sxvaTa Soris, bevrs sjera kidec am iluzoruli qalaqmSeneblobis,<br />
Tumca spa-salonebSi `natanji~ gogonebiviT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mcinavad amboben, rom `oficiantic a<strong>da</strong>miania~.<br />
rac Seexeba Tavad oficiant sandros (arCil soloRaSvili<br />
filmSi yvelasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT namdvilad msaxiobia),<br />
erTi morcxvi biWia, romelic prestiJul barSi muSaobs<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoucnobi niWis mqone milioneri Sefis (duta sxirtlaZe)<br />
londoni<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>brunebuli qaliSvili nini (nanka<br />
kalatoziSvili) Seuyvardeba. grZnobebSi vergarkveuli<br />
ninis ki amasobaSi Soumeni <strong>da</strong> mamikos `oqros biWi~ (paata<br />
papuaSvili) cudi zraxvebiT umiznebs...<br />
`lirikuli komedia dramis elementebiT~ imdenad ba-<br />
24 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />
naluri <strong>da</strong> sworxazovania,<br />
rom mas verc gamocdili<br />
dramaturgis Selamazeba,<br />
verc feradovnebaze gamecadinebuli<br />
operatoris<br />
optimizmi <strong>da</strong> verc jguf<br />
`mgzavrebis” a<strong>da</strong>mianureTnografiuli<br />
lirizmi<br />
Svelis. Tanac, `hepi endis~<br />
logika <strong>da</strong> holivuduri<br />
finali moiTxovs, rom<br />
niWier, magram upatrono<br />
musikosebs merii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>mxmare<br />
gamouCndeT (bolos<br />
<strong>da</strong> bolos, mudmivad bnel<br />
<strong>da</strong> civ sa<strong>da</strong>rbazoebSi, an saxuravze xom ar <strong>da</strong>ukraven?),<br />
xolo morcxvi <strong>da</strong> wesieri oficianti, romelic saWiro<br />
SemTxvevaSi barmenis fantaziiTacaa <strong>da</strong>jildoebuli, milioneri<br />
<strong>da</strong> lamis qarafSuta gogos siyvaruliT <strong>da</strong>jildovdes.<br />
rasakvirvelia, ocnebis winaaRmdegi, ufro zustad,<br />
rac ocneba-imedis kinematografiul xatebs ukavSirdeba,<br />
aravinaa. ubralod, CvenTan SeTxzuli `vardisferi<br />
neorealizmi~ (giga aglaZis TiTqmis xelovnuri `gogona<br />
slaidi<strong>da</strong>n~, plus <strong>da</strong>viT ime<strong>da</strong>Svilis optimisturi `ocnebis<br />
qalaqi~) gacilebiT energiulad aRorZin<strong>da</strong>, vidre<br />
moklevadiani `neorealizmi~ gaixareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> fesvebs gaidgam<strong>da</strong><br />
(levan TuTberiZis `mogzauroba yarabaRSi~, aleko<br />
cabaZis `rusuli samkuTxedi~, levan koRuaSvilis `quCis<br />
dReebi~). Tumca, italiurisagan gansxvavebiT, jer mokr-<br />
Zalebuli Sedevrebi verc fera<strong>da</strong>d vixileT <strong>da</strong> verc<br />
aqromatul ganzomilebaSi. kino siyvaruliviTaa: `cota<br />
xniT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargo, rom mere mixvde, ra <strong>da</strong>karge~...<br />
sxvaTa Soris, am frazas filmSi swored Seyvarebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> imedgacruebuli oficianti ambobs, romlis lirikuli<br />
melanqolia <strong>da</strong> mokrZalebuli socialuri statusi<br />
(xelmocaruli msaxiobi mama, lamis <strong>da</strong>ngreuli bina Zvel<br />
TbilisSi <strong>da</strong> musikosi megobrebi) erTaderTi bunebrivi<br />
gamonaTebaa. <strong>da</strong>narCeni sofitebis xelovnur Suqze, dizainerisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mxatvris mier arcTu koxtad gaformebul<br />
Ramis barebsa <strong>da</strong> spa-salonebSi gaTamaSebul `modelirebul<br />
dramas~ hgavs... lirikuli komediis elementebiT.<br />
magram optimistur sasowarkveTaSi ar CavardeT. afi-<br />
Sebi qarTuli kinos aRorZinebas isev gvamcnoben <strong>da</strong> mais-<br />
Si ramaz CaCavas inglisuri saxelwodebis mqone filmze<br />
_ Spam-ze gvepatiJebian. oRond iq auzebi, grZelfexeba<br />
gogoebi <strong>da</strong> Sampanuri ar iqneba. mistikur trilerSi gar<strong>da</strong>cvlilTa<br />
sulebis `gamoZaxeba~ geliT.
37<br />
avtori: gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni<br />
gamomdinare iqi<strong>da</strong>n, rom gasuli Tve sayovelTao si-<br />
Zulvilis Tved gamocxad<strong>da</strong>, saWirod CavTvale, gamomeqveynebina<br />
angariSi, romelSic ruseTSi Cemi bolo vizitis<br />
ramdenime garemoebas Sevexebodi.<br />
moskovSi Cemi wasvla `bolo wams~ ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sul vfiqrobdi,<br />
_ netavi Tu SeiZleba Cvens droSic (antiteroristul<br />
procedurebs vgulisxmob) aeroportSi naxevari<br />
saaTiT adre gamocxadeba-meTqi; miT umetes, kargad maxsovs,<br />
sami Tvis win rogor gamWedes 8 saaTiT CikagoSi<br />
aviaxazebis ugemovnod Cacmulma gogoebma, maiamis reisze<br />
sul raRac ormoc<strong>da</strong>xuTi wuTiT adre misvlisTvis.<br />
magram bolos mainc wavedi.<br />
imis gamo, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi <strong>da</strong>vibade <strong>da</strong> rusulic<br />
kargad vici, moskovSi Tavi ucxoelad ar migrZvnia (me<br />
mapatieT). rac ar un<strong>da</strong> igeslebodnen televiziebi leninis<br />
mumiasa <strong>da</strong> moskovSi stalinis kultis reabilitaciaze,<br />
quCaSi TxuTmetwuTiani gaseirnebac ki sakmarisia, rom<br />
<strong>da</strong>askvna _ sabWoTa moskovs <strong>da</strong>bruneba aRar uweria. es<br />
Cveulebrivi msoflio megapolisia <strong>da</strong> erTaderTi Zafi,<br />
romelic sabWoTa moqalaqeebis bolo Taobas masTan<br />
gvakavSirebs, ukve gamqrali sabWoTa yofierebis ganc<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> skolaSi naswavli rusuli enaa. am Zafis gawyvetac<br />
drois ambavia, <strong>da</strong> vidre es moxdeba, SegiZliaT <strong>da</strong>tkbeT<br />
gamqral civilizaciasTan ziarebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis gancdiT.<br />
jer kidev TviTmfrinavSi <strong>da</strong>viwye fantazioroba: ai,<br />
moskovSi SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>-meTqi `mament~ gadmosvla sacxovreblad,<br />
<strong>da</strong> warmovidgine, rogor veubnebi kioskis gamyidvels<br />
iqaur gancxadebebis gazeTze: `Газету объявлении,<br />
пожалуйста~, romelsac Semdeg metros eskalatorze wavikiTxavdi.<br />
Cemi azriT, swored aseTi un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo namdvili<br />
moskovuri samuSao dRis <strong>da</strong>sasruli.<br />
fiqrebi<strong>da</strong>n eskalatorze CarTulma niusebma gamomarkvia:<br />
`Сегодня на Киевском проспекте, в торговом центре<br />
произошел несчастный случай, при котором пострадавший<br />
потерял девять из десяти пальцев. Как ни странно, он не подал в<br />
суд на администрацию~...<br />
metro<strong>da</strong>n swrafadve amovedi imitom, rom erT `enjeoSnikur~<br />
simpoziumze magviandebo<strong>da</strong> (risTvisac saerTod<br />
wavedi kidec moskovSi, amjerad). `suxoi paioki~ <strong>da</strong> fuli<br />
organizatorebma aeroportSi <strong>da</strong>xvedrisTanave <strong>da</strong>vgi-<br />
komentari<br />
riges. `paioki~ iyo gemrieli <strong>da</strong> odnav depresiuli. iqve<br />
CavkbiCe erTi cali burito (meqsikuri burito moskovSi<br />
sul sxva bazaria), gverdiT mdgom ukrainel gogos gavu-<br />
Rime <strong>da</strong> piramovsebulma odnav uxerxuli ClifiniT vu-<br />
Txari: `Как говориться, _ marto kaci WamaSiac braliao~...<br />
ase <strong>da</strong>iwyo Cemi moskovuri voiaJi.<br />
sastumroSi, sanam abazana wyliT ivsebo<strong>da</strong>, saabazano<br />
oTaxis did fanjarasTan videqi <strong>da</strong> gareT viyurebodi.<br />
fanjri<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>Slili panorama TbilisSi, Cemi aivni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
nucubiZis platos xeds magoneb<strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c uklebliv yvela<br />
korpuss svamdnen mTlianad lurj SuSebSi, romlebzec mze<br />
ireklebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, ris gamoc, plato seulis centrs hgav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mere gamoverkvie <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vakvirdi, rom abazanis fanjri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
aseve Can<strong>da</strong> badeebiT SemosazRvruli ezo stadioniT.<br />
gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, sastumros konsierJi meubnebo<strong>da</strong>, _ es swored<br />
is ezoa, sa<strong>da</strong>c film `kurieris~ <strong>da</strong>skvniTi scenaa ga<strong>da</strong>-<br />
Rebulio. is gulisxmob<strong>da</strong> epizods, romelSic Sebindebisas<br />
jari<strong>da</strong>n axlad <strong>da</strong>brunebuli jariskaci ezoSi moyiale<br />
Tineijerebs akvirdeba. `kurieri~ imdenad didi xnis<br />
win mqon<strong>da</strong> nanaxi, rom verc es scena aRvidgine <strong>da</strong> verc<br />
is gavixsene, ratom un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>srulebuliyo Tavisi drois<br />
erT-erTi sakulto rusuli filmi sasowarkveTili jariskacis<br />
saxiT.<br />
sanam fanjri<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>Slil panoramas vakvirdebodi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>bind<strong>da</strong>, sai<strong>da</strong>nRac gaZlier<strong>da</strong> oTxmocianebis old school<br />
musika <strong>da</strong> ezoSi gamosvla <strong>da</strong>iwyo axalgazrdebis Wrelma<br />
`tusovkam~. maT Soris iyo sastumro<strong>da</strong>n gamosuli Cemi<br />
simpoziumis `sastavic~. maT <strong>da</strong>naxvaze, abazanis onkani <strong>da</strong>vkete<br />
<strong>da</strong> mec gareT gavedi.<br />
musika ukve Zalian xmamaRla ukrav<strong>da</strong>. stadionis kideSi<br />
Cadgmul ludis jixurTan idga Zveli sabWoTa macivari<br />
`dnepri~, zustad iseTi, rogoric saxlSi maqvs. ise hgav<strong>da</strong><br />
nakawrebiTac, rom raRac momenti vifiqre, _ Cemi xom ar<br />
aris-meTqi, _ mis gverdiT <strong>da</strong>vdeqi <strong>da</strong> xalxs <strong>da</strong>vakvirdi.<br />
moskovis transformaciaSi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulma gaocebiT aRvniSne,<br />
rom `kurieris~ ezos mixedviT Tu vimsjelebdiT,<br />
80-ianebis Semdeg aq bevri arc araferi Secvlila. videqi<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tineijerebs vuyurebdi, roca uceb viRacam gamwia, macivris<br />
kari gamoaRo <strong>da</strong> civi ludi amoiRo. mere meore<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n sxvam gamwia uxeSad <strong>da</strong> imanac ludi aiRo. xalxi,<br />
or-ori, sam-samkaciani jgufebiT elaparakebo<strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs.<br />
idga saSineli aurzauri, ismo<strong>da</strong> magari breiq-<strong>da</strong>nsis<br />
musika, wkrialeb<strong>da</strong> ludis boTlebi <strong>da</strong> ganuwyvetliv ajaxunebdnen<br />
Zveli macivris kars.<br />
gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, rom simpoziumis Power Point-is prezentaciisTvis<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mexe<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> nomerSi avbrundi. abazanis<br />
wyali idealur temperaturamde gagrilebuliyo <strong>da</strong> masSi<br />
Cawolisas vfiqrobdi, rom rac im wuTas ezoSi vnaxe, albaT<br />
ar iyo specialurad <strong>da</strong>dgmuli, magram erTi-erTze<br />
hgav<strong>da</strong> `kurieris~ finalur scenas, mniSvnelovani detalis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> _ ezoSi ar SemimCnevia demobilizebuli, sasowarkveTili<br />
jariskaci, romlis saxec bolo ramaa, rasac<br />
am filmSi titrebis wamosvlamde xe<strong>da</strong>v.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 25
komentari<br />
avtori: basa janikaSvili<br />
tendenciuri gmirebis<br />
aRlumi<br />
avtori: basa janikaSvili<br />
nuRar uyureb Wers,<br />
Tu ar uSveli Tavs,<br />
aravin gagiRebs kars.<br />
irakli Carkviani<br />
ra gansxvavebaa iranis islamur respublikasa <strong>da</strong> saqar-<br />
Tvelos demokratiul respublikas Soris? iranSi akrZalulia<br />
azartuli TamaSebi _ ubralo saTamaSo kartsac<br />
ver iyidi. saqarTveloSi yovel fexis nabijze saTamaSo<br />
avtomatebi <strong>da</strong> samorineebia. iranSi mandilosnebi xijabs,<br />
anu Tavsafars atareben, saqarTveloSi qalbatonebs naxevrad<br />
Cacmulebs SeuZliaT siaruli, Tu, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />
figura amis saSualebas miscems. iranSi misalmebisas qals<br />
xels ver CamoarTmev, akrZalulia. saqarTveloSi SegiZlia,<br />
Sua rusTavelze welSi Seuvarde. TeiranSi, iranis amJamindel<br />
de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi, SesamCnevad cota meCeTia. TbilisSi ki,<br />
saqarTvelos de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi, sagrZnoblad bevri eklesiaa. es<br />
CamonaTvali usasrulod SegviZlia gavweloT. gansxvaveba<br />
marTlac bevria.<br />
ukve meramdene arCevnebia, araerTi politikuri partiis<br />
sareklamo klipSi patriarqis saxelis gamoyeneba midis. me<br />
amas spekulacias <strong>da</strong>varqmevdi, ufro rbilad Tu vityviT _<br />
manipulacias. ukanaskneli TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli<br />
saarCevno kampaniebis analizma mafiqrebina, rom<br />
es ukve Seuqcevadi procesia. es SemTxveviTi ar aris. politikosebi<br />
Tvlian, radgan saqarTvelos patriarqi udidesi<br />
avtoritetiT sargeblobs, uwmindesis reitingis ra-<br />
Rac procentebis madli maTac SexvdebaT. es ase iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom ara _ erTi detali. rodesac patriarqis saxels bevri<br />
politikuri subieqti erTdroulad iyenebs, xdeba Tavad<br />
procesis devalvacia; ara patriarqis saxelisa <strong>da</strong> avtoritetis,<br />
aramed procesis gaufasureba. Sedegad, patriarqis<br />
saxelis gamoyenebiT verc erTi politikuri partia ver<br />
aRwevs sasurvel Sedegs. politikuri warmatebisTvis es<br />
aRar kmara.<br />
Tu ase gagrZel<strong>da</strong>, ramdenime weliwadSi, SesaZloa, sa-<br />
26 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
foto: naTia guliaSvili<br />
qarTvelos patriarqi romelime firmis abrazec vixiloT.<br />
magaliTad: <strong>da</strong>lieT Tbilisis wyali, am wyals patriarqi<br />
svams; an kidev: CaerTeT Cvens qselSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>urekeT Tqvens<br />
moZRvars yvelaze <strong>da</strong>bali tarifiT. SesaZloa patriarqis<br />
<strong>da</strong> sapatriarqos arapir<strong>da</strong>piri reklamac. magaliTad, ai,<br />
ase: mobrZandiT kazino `bedisweraSi~, moigeT milioni <strong>da</strong><br />
mogebis aTi procenti sapatriarqoSi ga<strong>da</strong>ricxeT. ra, Zalian<br />
ararealurs vwer? sakmarisia romelime `morwmune~<br />
biznesmenma gariskos, pirvelma ga<strong>da</strong>dgas nabiji <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />
aseTi saxis reklamebi walekavs televiziebsa <strong>da</strong> radios,<br />
presasa <strong>da</strong> internets, quCasa <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>rbazoebs.<br />
Sedegad ras miviRebT? farisevlobas <strong>da</strong> ara _ rwmenas,<br />
siyalbes <strong>da</strong> ara _ simarTles.<br />
<strong>da</strong> iciT ra? es rom mxolod araswori sareklamo strategiis<br />
Tema iyos, yuradRebas saerTod ar gavamaxvilebdi.<br />
me ufro saSiS tendencias vxe<strong>da</strong>v. es aris qveynis `gamar-<br />
Tlmadideblebis~ araswori forma.<br />
wignis prezentaciis viTom CaSla, telekompania `kavkasiaSi~<br />
momx<strong>da</strong>ri Cxubi, arafrismTqmeli internet klubi `me<br />
miyvars Cemi patriarqi~, <strong>da</strong> piriqiT _ fsevdoalternatiuli<br />
klipi patriarqis `monawileobiT~. iseTi STabeWdileba<br />
mrCeba, TiTqos media (yvela saxis) mxolod imitom arsebobs,<br />
rom rac SeiZleba metad <strong>da</strong>amaxinjos ise<strong>da</strong>c lamazi<br />
sulebi. nuTu, iseTi ususuria sazogadoeba, rom sulier<br />
SimSils am lukmiT ivsebs?<br />
Cven realuri problemebi gvaqvs <strong>da</strong> amas Tvali un<strong>da</strong><br />
gavusworoT. un<strong>da</strong> vaRiaroT, rom qarTvelebi erTmaneTs<br />
ver vitanT. Cven gviyvars mxolod simRera <strong>da</strong> galoba mravalxmiani.<br />
erTmaneTi gvezizReba <strong>da</strong> erTi suli gvaqvs, rom<br />
CavqoloT, Seuracxyofa mivayenoT, <strong>da</strong>vCagroT. Cven guli<br />
gvereva erTmaneTze kafeebsa <strong>da</strong> restornebSi, skolebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
baRebSi, institutebsa <strong>da</strong> kolejebSi, qorwilebsa <strong>da</strong> wveulebebSi,<br />
samsaxurebsa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis TavSeyris adgilebSi,<br />
quCasa <strong>da</strong> transportSi, teleSouebsa <strong>da</strong> presis furclebze.<br />
Cvens saxeze mxolod zizRia. usuldgmulo zizRi.<br />
magram, es naxevari `bednierebaa~. imitom, rom erTmaneTze<br />
metad Cven gvezizReba afxazebi, osebi, somxebi, rusebi,<br />
azerbaijanelebi <strong>da</strong> qurTebi. nu vmalavT, xmamaRla vTqvaT<br />
es! guli gvereva cisferebze <strong>da</strong> vardisferebze, Savebze<br />
<strong>da</strong> yviTlebze. Cven gvezizReba prezidenti <strong>da</strong> parlamenti,<br />
opozicia <strong>da</strong> radikaluri opozicia, `rusTavi 2~ <strong>da</strong> `imedi~,<br />
`maestro~ <strong>da</strong> `kavkasia~. Cveni neba rom iyos, mxolod<br />
naTesavebis mcire jgufs <strong>da</strong> saZmakacos <strong>da</strong>vtovebdiT cocxlad.<br />
Cveni neba rom iyos, ramden rames <strong>da</strong>vuSavebdiT<br />
sakuTar Tavs... Cven viRviZebT gulis reviT <strong>da</strong> viZinebT<br />
sakuTar narwyevSi. vaRiaroT es <strong>da</strong> gavTavisufldebiT.<br />
Cven vnaxeT, rom axali reJimis mosvlis Semdeg demokratiis<br />
xarisxma iklo. oriaTas samSi cota Tu ifiqreb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom ase, erTi xelis mosmiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong> Tavisufali<br />
telekompaniebis arseboba. rodesac dRes gvayvedrian, rom<br />
ramdenime televizia, radio <strong>da</strong> uamravi <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli gazeTi<br />
arsebobs, aviwydebaT, rom Cven es brZoliT movipoveT<br />
<strong>da</strong> SevinarCuneT. rom ar gvebrZola, dRes arc erTi
ar gveqnebo<strong>da</strong>. viqnebodiT Cveni bevri mezobeli qveynis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rad.<br />
Tavisufali presa ase Tu ise <strong>da</strong>vicaviT, magram axla Cveni<br />
sulis <strong>da</strong>cvis droa.<br />
amitom mogviwevs brZola TavisuflebisaTvis. Cven<strong>da</strong><br />
uneburad, im mdinareSi SevdivarT, romelic ga<strong>da</strong>laxuli<br />
gvegona. brZola ucodinarobis, agresiis, fsevdomarTlmadideblobis<br />
koniunqturasTan, mogviwevs axali frontis<br />
xazis gaxsna. im xazis, romelic gvegona, rom aRar arsebobs.<br />
mogviwevs fsevdoliberalebTan brZola, Cumad rom<br />
isxdnen, rodesac oriaTas cxra wlis aprilSi xelketebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>sdevdnen, scemdnen <strong>da</strong> erCodnen momitingeebs (aRarafers<br />
vambob sxva TariRebze). mogviwevs fsevdomarTlmadideblebis<br />
agresiis <strong>da</strong> ZaliT liberalebis pasiurobis<br />
lokaluris Zaladoba<br />
avtori: paata Samugia<br />
bexuanosebi cxovels rom moklavdnen, mere bodiSs<br />
uxdidnen. es mniSvnelovani rituali iyo, romelic ise-<br />
Tive mondomebiT xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong>, rogorc Tavad nadiroba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, cxovelisTvis veraferi Sveba<br />
iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, samagierod, bexuanosebisTvis es aqti erTgvari<br />
kaTarzisi iyo, agresiis makompensirebeli, <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />
gamosyidvis sakraluri momenti, romelic miTologiuri<br />
akribiiT gaamagres.<br />
aqvT Tu ara moralis agresiul guSagebs msgavsi rituali,<br />
rodesac <strong>da</strong>naSaulis gacnobierebis momenti dgeba?<br />
iqneb es momenti arc dgeba? vin arian isini? pasiuri mrevli,<br />
romelic mxolod lideris TiTis <strong>da</strong>qnevaze aqtiurdeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> xalxs fizikurad uswordeba? ritorikuli ki-<br />
Txvebia. TiTqmis.<br />
uxamsobaa, iyo pasiuri, pirovnuli identobis gaucnobiereblad<br />
emsaxurebode kvlavwarmoebas, genofondis<br />
Wirveul konstitucias, xe<strong>da</strong>vde politkoreqtul<br />
sizmrebs, aTvalierebde realobas specialurad SenTvis<br />
gamoyofili WuWrutani<strong>da</strong>n, sai<strong>da</strong>nac moCans morfologiuri<br />
kentavri: media-mrevli. <strong>da</strong> iyo kmayofili.<br />
ar vapireb kulturologiuri diskursebis gafiltvras<br />
foto: no<strong>da</strong>r cxviraSvili<br />
komentari<br />
winaaRmdeg galaSqreba. rodesac pirvelni meorenis saqmiT<br />
arian <strong>da</strong>kavebulni <strong>da</strong> meoreni _ pirvelnis. marTlac, Tav<strong>da</strong>yira<br />
dgas saqarTveloSi yvelaferi. `marTlmadideblebi~<br />
ibrZvian <strong>da</strong> `liberalebi~ loculoben.<br />
Tu Tavisuflad azrovneba gvin<strong>da</strong>, Cveni Svilebis laRi<br />
momavali, Tu gvin<strong>da</strong> gvqondes arCevanis ufleba _ icodeT,<br />
rom es TavisiT ar modis. wels es <strong>da</strong>sacavia, momavalSi,<br />
SesaZloa, Tavi<strong>da</strong>n iyos mosapovebeli.<br />
magram, riT hgavs irani <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelo erTmaneTs _ pirvel<br />
rigSi, istoriis saTuTi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>metebuli siyvaruliT,<br />
erovnuli Rirsebis upiratesobiT, rasis prioritetulobis<br />
gancdiT, saxelisuflo reJimiT, opoziciuri gamosvlebiT,<br />
reformebis surviliT, <strong>da</strong> rac mTavaria _ iranelebic<br />
<strong>da</strong> qarTvelebic cvlilebebis molodinSi arian.<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebis Camoyras, amisaTvis zedmetad Tavm<strong>da</strong>bali<br />
var; imdenad Tavm<strong>da</strong>bali, rom ministris Svilic ki ar<br />
var. Sesabamisad, Cemi yoveldRiuri transporti yviTeli,<br />
karga xnis win Camosaweri avtobusia, sai<strong>da</strong>nac ukeT mo-<br />
Cans saqarTvelo, qarTveli sazogadoeba. mgzavruli Temebis<br />
mravalferovan <strong>da</strong> faqtobrivad usasrulo cikls<br />
am dReebSi ilias universitetis Tema Seemata. „saidumlo<br />
sirobis“ gamoqveynebis Semdeg ilias universiteti ramdenimedRiani<br />
aqciebis talRaSi mohyva. marTalia, aqciebi <strong>da</strong><br />
mitingebi saqarTveloSi vis ukvirs, magram iyo aq raRac<br />
sxva, raRac Taviseburi <strong>da</strong> Zalian, Zalian niSandoblivi:<br />
erT mxares idgnen anonimuri RmerTebis guSagebi, mointeligento<br />
reliqtebi, sakuTar hormonebze amxedrebuli<br />
graalis mcvelebi, romlebic muStiT avrcelebdnen<br />
„rwmenas“, „zneobas“, <strong>da</strong> meore mxares _ cenzuris mowinaaRmdege,<br />
<strong>da</strong>qsaqsuli liberalebi, romlebic es-esaa,<br />
memarcxene <strong>da</strong> memarjvene diskursebze kamaTobdnen <strong>da</strong><br />
jer kargad verc gamoerkviaT, rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ecvaT Tavi<br />
„wmin<strong>da</strong> wixlisgan“.<br />
rom ara telekompania „kavkasiis“ eTerSi Sevardna <strong>da</strong><br />
Jurnalistebisa <strong>da</strong> stumrebis winaaRmdeg sastiki angariSsworeba,<br />
albaT, es <strong>da</strong>rbevac SerCebo<strong>da</strong> mmk-s, rogorc<br />
`helouini~ SerCa, zautaSvilis gamofenis <strong>da</strong>rbeva Ser-<br />
Ca, „didi aTeulis“ <strong>da</strong>xurva SerCa <strong>da</strong> a.S. am droisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavebulia „marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris“ <strong>da</strong><br />
„saxalxo marTlmadidebluri moZraobis“ ramdenime aqtivisti.<br />
xelmZRvanelebi gareT arian.<br />
Sua saukuneebis inglisSi samefo karze hyav<strong>da</strong>T paJebi,<br />
romlebic saerTod arafers akeTebdnen. Tumca, did<br />
rols TamaSobdnen momavali monarqis aRzr<strong>da</strong>Si. erTi<br />
sityviT, eseni iyvnen patara biWebi, romelTac takunebs<br />
wkepliT usisxlianebdnen, roca taxtis memkvidre cu<strong>da</strong>d<br />
iqceo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
imis Tqma min<strong>da</strong>, rom Cven isev „paJebs“ xom ar vcemT,<br />
„memkvidris“ nacvlad? cxadia, moZalade aqtivistebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kaveba samarTlebrivad adekvaturi iyo, magram maTi<br />
wveruxvi Tu „jerT uwveruli“ bosebi (isakaZe-gulaSvi-<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 27
komentari<br />
li) pasuxisgebas Tu ara, <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze gamoZaxebas mainc ar<br />
„imsaxurebdnen“? es is kiTxvaa, romelic gaCn<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis<br />
mcire wreSi <strong>da</strong> ar gaCenila Cemi avtobuseli Tanamgzavrebis<br />
tvinSi, romelTac SesaSuri gulmodginebiT<br />
ganevrcoT „saidumlo sirobis“ Tema <strong>da</strong> axla ukve masonebze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>suliyvnen. es ki is Temaa, romliTac qarTuli<br />
morali sakuTar monoliTurobas testavs, aq yvela er-<br />
Tiania. marTalia, mTlad kargad araa cnobili, vin arian<br />
masonebi, magram es, cxadia, umniSvneloa.<br />
moralis qarxana gauCereblad muSaobs, permanentulad<br />
gvawvdis ukanaskneli modelis tabuebs, sruliad axals,<br />
sruliad eWvmiutanels <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, sruliad gaugebars.<br />
rac mTavaria, Tineijerebis (marTalia, mcire, magram<br />
mainc) nawilic CaTreul iqna am absurdSi <strong>da</strong> mTeli<br />
es „samomxmareblo pedofilia“ religiur swavlebad moi-<br />
cnobili qarTuli tolerantobis Sesaxeb<br />
CemSic jer kidev SemorCenili miTi<br />
nel-nela orTqldeba. bolo drois<br />
bataliebis samoyvarulo analizic<br />
sakmarisia imis saTqmelad, rom CvenTvis<br />
muStis ena socialuri interaqciis<br />
yvelaze mSobliuri variantia. dialogi<br />
ra, veluri <strong>da</strong>savlelebi xom ar varT?<br />
naTla. totaluri SiSis kultivirebiT Seiqmna morCili<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tavis<strong>da</strong>mqnevi mrevlis saxe, romelsac ar uCndeba ki-<br />
Txvebi... imitom, rom am kiTxvebze pasuxebi ukve ganusazRvres<br />
„mamaoebma“.<br />
me ar min<strong>da</strong>, visaubro religiaze, rogorc koleqtiur<br />
nevrozze ara imitom, rom es ase araa, ubralod, aq religiis<br />
saxiT mogvevlina sruliad sxva movlena. ai ise-<br />
Ti, saxelis <strong>da</strong>rqmevac rom Wirs <strong>da</strong> zogadi aRwerilobiT<br />
cdilob, ZiriTadi arsi gamokveTo, rogorc gamoc<strong>da</strong>ze<br />
gasulma abiturientma. religia ki is ukanaskneli niRabi<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, romlis Camoxsnis mere SiSveli terorizmi <strong>da</strong>vinaxeT<br />
Tavisi specifikuri simbolikebiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTrgunveli<br />
paTetikiT. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, erTbaSad SeuZlebelic<br />
kia, es eqstremistuli jgufebi rame konkretul subkulturas<br />
miakuTvno.<br />
cnobilia, rom TviT alkoholur halucinaciebSic<br />
vlindeba socialur-kulturuli faqtori. mag: qristian<br />
alkoholikebs eSmaki elandebaT, budistebs drakoni, muslimebs<br />
jini <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
ra elandebaT mmk-s <strong>da</strong> smm-s brigadebs, roca isini<br />
religiuri egzaltaciis qveS myofni Tav-pirs alewaven<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebs? vin miuZRviT win fsevdo rwmeniTi Trobisas?<br />
ratom hgoniaT, rom WeSmaritebis prioritetebi <strong>da</strong>saku-<br />
Trebuli aqvT <strong>da</strong> mxolod maTi gavliT xdeba saRi azris<br />
28 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
wvdoma? aRarafers vambob socialur qselebSi gulaSvilis<br />
aqtivistebis mier gavrcelebul azrebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c saubaria<br />
„qarTvelebis mier sxva erebze hegemoniaze“, „maTi<br />
Svilebis sxvis Svilebze batonobis“ ideasa <strong>da</strong> „marTlmadidebelTa<br />
SeiaraRebuli armiis“ Seqmnaze.<br />
rogorc Cans, es subkultura jer kidev SemoqmedebiTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> meTodologiuri Ziebis procesSia <strong>da</strong> saboloo sulieri<br />
misia SesaZloa, qarTuli Mein Kampf-is <strong>da</strong>weriT gamoxatos.<br />
avtobusi gmirTa moe<strong>da</strong>nze uxvevs. vcdilob, TvalSi ar<br />
SeveCxiro mkacr moralistebs, romlebmac ukve verbaluri<br />
jvarcma mouwyves deisaZes, gigi TevzaZes (es kaci ra<br />
SuaSia, kacma ar icis), ga<strong>da</strong>swvdnen „pi<strong>da</strong>rast“ burWula-<br />
Zes. cota ar iyos, vSfoTav, emand Cemi ramdenime wlis win<br />
„miqaruli“ rom gaaxsendes vinmes, rogor gin<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>uZvre<br />
am WyletaSi?<br />
cnobili qarTuli tolerantobis Sesaxeb CemSic jer<br />
kidev SemorCenili miTi nel-nela orTqldeba. bolo<br />
drois bataliebis samoyvarulo analizic sakmarisia imis<br />
saTqmelad, rom CvenTvis muStis ena socialuri interaqciis<br />
yvelaze mSobliuri variantia. dialogi ra, veluri<br />
<strong>da</strong>savlelebi xom ar varT?<br />
aqve vityvi, rom nebismieri kulturuli aqtivoba Zaladobrivia<br />
<strong>da</strong> amavdroulad uvnebeli, rogorc mkv<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
mowme, rogorc uSno Se<strong>da</strong>reba (Tun<strong>da</strong>c, iseTive uSno, rogorc<br />
es Se<strong>da</strong>reba).<br />
deisaZis wigni (iseve, rogorc nebismieri (kontr)kulturuli<br />
faqti, procesi, artefaqti) pozitiuri Zaladoba<br />
iyo, magram is asc<strong>da</strong> (kontr)kulturis konteqsts<br />
(SeiZleba, Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve ase iyo Cafiqrebuli avtoris an gamomcemlis<br />
mier) <strong>da</strong> socialur produqtad iqca, Sesabamisad,<br />
deaeracia mZime formebSi ganviTar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> avtoris<br />
savaraudo survili, literaturuli flangi<strong>da</strong>n moexdina<br />
konkretuli mdgomareobis <strong>da</strong>refreSeba, lamis samoqalaqo<br />
<strong>da</strong>pirispirebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>izar<strong>da</strong>.<br />
<strong>da</strong> mainc, meore mxaris ritorika uryevia: gvaqvs 365<br />
wmin<strong>da</strong> giorgis saxelobis eklesia, yvela ubanSi 90-iani<br />
wlebis „butkebiviT“ gaxsnili taZrebi, mosaxvevebSi <strong>da</strong>montaJebuli<br />
aTasobiT ganaTebuli jvari, erT moqalaqeze<br />
saSualod sami mRvdeli <strong>da</strong> Svidi stiqarosani modis,<br />
milionobiT mrevli...<br />
mavani cimermani amaze ityo<strong>da</strong>, rom esaa „egos fxana cifrebiT“.<br />
<strong>da</strong> patiosani kaci <strong>da</strong>eTanxmebo<strong>da</strong> cimermans.<br />
P.S. avtobusi pekinze, restoran „nikalasTan“ sacobSi<br />
iWedeba, mgzavrebi fuTfuTeben, Cem garSemo qalebi wyevlian<br />
„<strong>da</strong>rsavaZes“ (sinamdvileSi _ deisaZes), kacebi imuqrebian<br />
<strong>da</strong> evfemisturad citireben televizorSi yurmokrul<br />
frazebs „saidumlo sirobi<strong>da</strong>n“. Suaxnis mamri<br />
Temas avrcobs <strong>da</strong> deisaZesTan erTad „wmin<strong>da</strong>nebis maginebel“<br />
buRaZesac gahkravs kbils.<br />
me Tavs vxri <strong>da</strong> CanTaSi rac SeiZleba Rrmad vCurTav<br />
`literaturul eqspress“.
finaluri mwuxri<br />
avtori: sandro naveriani<br />
kvantur fizikaSi universiadis finali ro iyos, <strong>da</strong>jdebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> uyureb. ai egeTi intriga ramea finali. im<br />
dRes `niWieris~ finali iyo. ukve kai xnis win. ho<strong>da</strong><br />
vuyure. erTi monawile gansakuTrebiT momewona _<br />
iluzionisti iyo <strong>da</strong> naR<strong>da</strong>d sakaifo Sous akeTeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Cemze ro yofiliyo magas ga<strong>da</strong>vcemdi Tass. magram sul<br />
sxvam moigo imitom, rom Cemze ar iyo.<br />
sul Tavi<strong>da</strong>n, proeqti `niWieri~ ro <strong>da</strong>iwyo, pirveli<br />
aRmoCena gulnaz goleTiani gax<strong>da</strong>. youtube-ze misi<br />
video egreve suzan boilis videosTan <strong>da</strong>ilinka. kamerebis<br />
win Jiuris wevrebic alaparakdnen talant qalbatonze.<br />
simRera, romelic imRera <strong>da</strong> xma, romliTac<br />
imRera, Zalian sevdiania <strong>da</strong> viRac-viRacebs albaT Sig<br />
gulis gulSi moxv<strong>da</strong>. gulnaz goleTianis gamosvlamde<br />
mayurebels gvaCvenes masze momzadebuli promo,<br />
romlis saTauric, albaT, aseTi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>: `Tu rogor<br />
Seicvala gulnaz goleTianis cxovreba mas Semdeg,<br />
rac `niWierSi~ imRera~. misi cxovreba ki cota xniT<br />
marTla Seicvala, is miiwvies televiziebsa <strong>da</strong> radioebSi,<br />
atrialebdnen mis namRers <strong>da</strong> Jurnal-gazeTebma<br />
masze statiebi <strong>da</strong>beWdes. mis Sesaxeb `niWieris~ yvelaze<br />
zarmac mayurebelsac ki smeno<strong>da</strong> rame. promos<br />
verbaluri mxare aSkarad <strong>da</strong>debiTi iyo, magram promos<br />
yurebisas me mainc TanavugrZnobdi am a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong><br />
roca <strong>da</strong>vfiqrdi Tu ratom, sworad maSin mivaqcie yuradReba<br />
brutalur kadrebs <strong>da</strong> musikas, romelic fonad<br />
gasdev<strong>da</strong> gulnaz goleTianis sinqrons.<br />
promo <strong>da</strong>iwyo kadriT Tu rogor amuSavebs gulnaz<br />
goleTiani ToxiT miwas <strong>da</strong> rogor recxavs sarecxs<br />
diasaxlisisTvis autanel pirobebSi _ gareT, yinvaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> civ wyalSi. amis Semdeg ki gvaCvenes is radios <strong>da</strong><br />
televiziis studiaSi, rampebi <strong>da</strong> CiraRdnebi, JurnalgazeTebis<br />
ydebze, aq, iq, rame <strong>da</strong> rume. prodiuserebi/<br />
reJisorebi meubnebodnen, naxe, ra vuqeniT, sad iyo <strong>da</strong><br />
axla sad aris?! ra iyo <strong>da</strong> axla ra aris?! gamoviyvaneT,<br />
tusovka, aqeT, iqiT, gavastareT, cxovreba vanaxeT.<br />
es iyo provincializmis erT-erTi yvelaze masStaburi<br />
gamovlena, rac ki cxovrebaSi minaxavs.<br />
komentari<br />
sakmaod bevri vifiqre imaze, Tu riT jobia Jurnal<br />
`gzis~ y<strong>da</strong>ze gamoWimva, vTqvaT, mecxvareobas? an romelime,<br />
Tbilisur tusovkaSi erTi (Tun<strong>da</strong>c asi) RamiT<br />
gareva romelime soflis koloritobas? riT jobia<br />
is cxovreba, riTic ramdenime dRe icxovra gulnaz<br />
goleTianma im cxovrebas, romelSic mTeli warsuli<br />
gaatara? romelmac misca mas Svilebi, ojaxi, sakuTari<br />
saxli, miwa <strong>da</strong> akeTebs imas, rasac un<strong>da</strong> akeTebdes.<br />
SeiZleba, gulnaz goleTians marTlac urCevnia ise<br />
gaetarebina mTeli cxovreba rogorc bolo ramdenime<br />
kvira cxovrob<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba arc urCevnia, magram es man<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Tqvas, man un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>usvas xazi Tu ga<strong>da</strong>sasmelia<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara iman vinc mxolod Sous akeTebs, mis warmatebaze<br />
fiqrobs <strong>da</strong> am fiqrSi sruliad ver amCnevs an amCnevs<br />
<strong>da</strong> ar imCnevs, rom saSinel Seuracxyofas ayenebs<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong> mTel mis cxovrebas.<br />
ratom, sai<strong>da</strong>n aqvT mentoruli toni, sad <strong>da</strong> rodis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, rom Tbilisi <strong>da</strong> Tbilisuri Jurnalebi gansazRvravs<br />
kai tipobas?<br />
Tumca, rogor grZnobebsac ar un<strong>da</strong> iwvevdes CvenSi<br />
msgavsi kadrebi, es Sous warmatebis erTaderTi Tu<br />
ara, erT-erTi garantia.<br />
Cven ar mogvwons is, vinc Cvenze ukeTesia <strong>da</strong> gvjobia.<br />
ufro konkretulad ki, Cven ar <strong>da</strong>vrekavT <strong>da</strong> xmas<br />
ar mivcemT mas, vinc ar Segvecodeba. am SouSi promos<br />
mizanic is iyo, rom maqsimalurad Segvcodebo<strong>da</strong> gmiri;<br />
rom Cven mas TanavugrZnoT <strong>da</strong> xma mivceT, Sous ki _<br />
reitingi <strong>da</strong> Semosavali. albaT, amas mec vgrZnob, sxva<br />
SemTxvevaSi me amis Sesaxeb araferi mecodinebo<strong>da</strong> _ ar<br />
var is tipi, ro Cavujde <strong>da</strong> vifiqro ratom mox<strong>da</strong> ase.<br />
`niWieris~ finali TiTqmis erTi Tvis win iyo <strong>da</strong> aba<br />
gaixseneT, bolos rodis <strong>da</strong> sad naxeT gulnaz gole-<br />
Tiani? a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelsac sul cota xnis win suzan<br />
boils a<strong>da</strong>rebdnen, Sotlandiel momRerals, romelic<br />
msofliom swored msgavsi proeqti<strong>da</strong>n gaicno. a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />
romelmac aTiaTasobiT diski gayi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romlis<br />
mimarT interesi dRemde ar gamqrala mediaSi. SeiZleba<br />
is aRar aris popularobis zenitSi, magram misiT<br />
dRemde interesdeba ama Tu im provinciis gazeTi an<br />
sakabelo televizia. masTan urTierToba dRemde aqvT<br />
xmis Camwer studiebs <strong>da</strong> aTasgvar proeqtSi monawileobas<br />
sTavazoben. suzan boili, mas Semdeg, rac popularuli<br />
gax<strong>da</strong>, ga<strong>da</strong>iRes ramdenime sareklamo rgolSi,<br />
moxv<strong>da</strong> ramdenime dokumenturi filmSi... <strong>da</strong> sad aris<br />
gulnaz goleTiani? ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, cota gulubryvilo<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebaa, radgan saqarTvelos gabaritebi ver Seedreba<br />
britaneTisas, sai<strong>da</strong>nac yvela saxis produqti<br />
kidev ufro didi gabaritebis mqone amerikaSi xvdeba,<br />
sworad masStabebze maqvs saubari _ qarTuli maStabebiTac<br />
ki gulnaz goleTianis namdvili cxovreba dRes<br />
aravis ar ainteresebs. yvelaze did ignorirebas ki is<br />
televizia iCens, romelmac ase lamazad gagvacno es<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 29
istoria<br />
erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis<br />
anu moskovuri xelovneba, romelic ar iyideba<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />
foto: guram wibaxaSvili<br />
30 cxeli Sokoladi
istoria<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 31
istoria<br />
_ ra Rirs es ZaRli?<br />
_ erTi maneTi, magram ar iyideba.<br />
moskovi-Tbilisis matareblis<br />
derefani. 1990 wlis zafxuli.<br />
es umniSvnelo dialogi uzustesi<br />
gansazRvrebaa Cveni dRevandeli<br />
istoriis erT-erTi gmiris, moskoveli<br />
artistis, <strong>petliura</strong>s <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
xelovnebis xasiaTis gasagebad. misi<br />
xelovnebac 1 maneTi Rirs, magram<br />
ver iyidi.<br />
misi namdvili saxeli <strong>da</strong> gvari<br />
aleqsandr liaSenkoa. 80-iani wlebis<br />
bolos <strong>petliura</strong>m mitovebuli<br />
samsarTuliani saxli ipova moskovis<br />
centrSi, petrovski bulvarze.<br />
iq erT-erTi pirveli <strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />
xmauriani art-komuna gaixsna. mxatvrebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebul aseT Senobebs,<br />
romlebic msoflios bevr did<br />
qalaqSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes, skvots<br />
eZaxian <strong>da</strong> is andergraundis artistebisa<br />
Tu musikosebis myudro<br />
32 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
saxelosnoebia xolme. artistuli<br />
TavSeyris msgavsi gaxmaurebuli<br />
adgilebi arsebob<strong>da</strong> leningradsa<br />
Tu berlinSi, an<strong>da</strong> uiliamsburgSi,<br />
niu-iorkSi, magram <strong>petliura</strong>s SemTxvevaSi<br />
es namdvili art-komuna<br />
iyo, endi uorholis fabrikis msgavsi,<br />
mudmivi performansis <strong>da</strong><br />
dResaswaulis adgili, sa<strong>da</strong>c xelovneba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>sveneba, koncerti, kino,<br />
instalacia, poezia, guliTadi saubari,<br />
modis Cveneba, iafi sadili<br />
Tu baRSi gaseirneba erTi mTliani<br />
procesis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva fragmentad<br />
Can<strong>da</strong>.<br />
am uzarmazar saxlSi inaxav<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>petliura</strong> Tavis koleqcias _ miviwyebul<br />
sabWoTa sayofacxovrebo<br />
atributikasa <strong>da</strong> artefaqtebs<br />
_ 20-30-iani wlebis qalis garderobs,<br />
qudebs <strong>da</strong> fexsacmels, sxva<br />
epoqalur efemeras, rogoricaa<br />
beladTa <strong>da</strong> kolmeurneTa kitCuri<br />
biustebi, sigelebi, vimpelebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva socialisturi suvenirebi,<br />
saavadmyofoebis ga<strong>da</strong>yrili qirurgiuli<br />
instrumentebi <strong>da</strong> sinjarebi,<br />
romelTac ucnob a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />
tragikuli biografia <strong>da</strong>mCneo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
aq TiTqmis yoveldRe ga<strong>da</strong>saRebad<br />
modiodnen ucxoeli Jurnalistebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> fotografebi, saRamoobiT<br />
Tavs iyridnen moskoveli artistebi,<br />
poetebi, xelovnebaTmcodneebi,<br />
modelebi <strong>da</strong> subkulturis<br />
bevri inkognito warmomadgeneli,<br />
visac es yvelaferi uyvar<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />
avanscenaze gamosvlis ambicia ar<br />
amoZravdeb<strong>da</strong>. male <strong>petliura</strong>s saxlSi<br />
Tavisufali akademia <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong><br />
_ ase <strong>da</strong>arqves ideebis warmoSobis<br />
ukve saxelganTqmul keras moskovSi.<br />
iq aCvenebdnen sakuTar kinonamuSevrebs,<br />
awyobdnen poetur <strong>da</strong><br />
modis performansebs, <strong>da</strong>diodnen<br />
sagastrolod ruseTis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
qalaqSi, mihqon<strong>da</strong>T moskovis dinamikuri<br />
energia, xolo iqi<strong>da</strong>n axali
artefaqtebis koleqciiT brundebodnen.<br />
1990 wlis zafxulSi <strong>petliura</strong>s-<br />
Tan erTad moskovi-Tbilisis matarebliT<br />
vimgzavre. mesame mgzavric<br />
gvaxl<strong>da</strong>, saxelad petlika, germanuli<br />
nagazis jer kidev axalgazr<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> xalisiani lekvi. CvenTan<br />
erTad TbilisSi sagastrolod sxva<br />
moskoveli araformali artistebic<br />
gamoemgzavrnen _ saSa lugini,<br />
katia riJikova, lena <strong>da</strong> maqsi, magram<br />
am jgufma marSruti Secvala<br />
<strong>da</strong> baqos gavliT wamovi<strong>da</strong>. ar vici,<br />
ratom gaviyaviT orad kurskis sadgurze,<br />
moskovSi. mgoni, maT baqos<br />
naxvac aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T, xolo <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />
<strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>da</strong> sakuTari<br />
artistuli ideaze safiqrelad er-<br />
Civna ganmartoeba.<br />
gamoviareT ruseTis gaSlili<br />
<strong>da</strong>blobebi <strong>da</strong> rodesac mTebi gamoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> matarebeli ukve saqar-<br />
TveloSi Semovi<strong>da</strong>, mivxvdiT, rom<br />
ukve sxva sixSiris velSi vimyofebiT<br />
_ ara mxolod muzeumiviT ganlagebul<br />
istoriul Zeglebs Soris,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c tradiciebi lamis suraTebiviT<br />
hkidia garSemo, aramed sadRac<br />
sxvagan, sa<strong>da</strong>c kultura jer kidev<br />
ar gulisxmobs usasyidlo <strong>da</strong> uangaro<br />
Tavisuflebas. albaT amitomac,<br />
gorTan axlos viRac kaci uxe-<br />
Sad SeekiTxa <strong>petliura</strong>s, _ ra Rirs<br />
es ZaRlio, _ TiTqos es raRac sagani<br />
yofiliyo, bazrobaze gasayi<strong>da</strong>d<br />
gamotanili. <strong>petliura</strong>mac mokled<br />
<strong>da</strong> sruliad uceremoniod upasuxa,<br />
_ erTi maneTi, magram ar iyideba.<br />
me min<strong>da</strong>, rom qarTvel artist-<br />
Tan erTad gavakeTo performansi<br />
TbilisSi. magram ra gavakeToT? _<br />
mekiTxeba matarebelSi <strong>petliura</strong>.<br />
is ambobs, rom jaSuSebis Tema Sei-<br />
Zleba airCion. niko cecxlaZesTan<br />
fiqrobs performansis gakeTebas,<br />
an mamuka jafariZesTan. bolos<br />
isev niko cecxlaZeze Cerdeba. me<br />
istoria<br />
vTavazob Zexvis <strong>da</strong>sakuTrebisTvis<br />
Cxubs _ martivia <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>piri.<br />
vici, rom mxolod es sakmarisi ar<br />
aris, magram ar mindo<strong>da</strong> amaze meti<br />
meTqva _ aq isaa avtori, me ki, principSi,<br />
misgan vswavlob. <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />
Tavisufal akademiaSi marTlac<br />
vswavlobdi. vswavlobdi am uzarmazar,<br />
arcTu ioli energetikis<br />
artefaqtebiT mofenil SenobaSi<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c marto <strong>da</strong>rCenas, dReebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. rodesac mTeli jgufi<br />
ruseTis romelime qalaqSi iyo<br />
gastrolebze, me ki erT-erT oTaxSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebuli moskovuri yvavis<br />
movla <strong>da</strong> misTvis sadilis mitana<br />
mevalebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 1990 wli<strong>da</strong>n gaCn<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>petliura</strong>s cxovrebaSi bronislava<br />
anatolievna dubneri, mokled<br />
ki pani bronia _ moxuci, umweo<br />
moskoveli qalbatoni sakuTar<br />
aseTive meuRlesTan erTad. isini<br />
axal moskovSi ukve aRaravis sWir-<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 33
istoria<br />
debo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>petliura</strong>m ara mxolod<br />
maTi meurveoba iTava, aramed pani<br />
bronia Cvenebebsa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>Rebebzec<br />
Tavis mTavar modelad <strong>da</strong> aqtrisad<br />
aqcia. gastrolebzec erTad<br />
midiodnen evropis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qalaqSi.<br />
pani broniam sruliad axali,<br />
artistuli cxovreba <strong>da</strong>iwyo maSin,<br />
rodesac amas ukve namdvilad aRar<br />
elodebo<strong>da</strong>. dRes ki pani bronias<br />
naxatebi msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva muzeumSi<br />
inaxeba. eqstravaganturobiT<br />
is, rogorc amboben, salvador<br />
<strong>da</strong>lis, nina hagensa <strong>da</strong> boi jorjs<br />
ar Camouvardeba. 1998 wels bronias<br />
londonSi alternatiuli mis<br />
msoflios tituli mianiWes.<br />
TbilisSi pani bronia ar Camosula,<br />
albaT TbilisisTvis es Zalian<br />
adre iyo. 1990 wels, <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />
pirveli qarTuli gastrolis dros,<br />
rodesac yvelani nanatri kapitalizmis<br />
Semosvlas velodebodiT,<br />
TbilisisTvis jer adre iyo mosko-<br />
34 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
vuri araformaluri xelovnebis mi-<br />
Reba, romelic, <strong>petliura</strong>s ZaRlis<br />
msgavsad, sulac ar iyo gamiznuli<br />
saswrafo gayidvisa <strong>da</strong> finansuri<br />
prestiJisaTvis. <strong>petliura</strong>s tansacmlis<br />
Teatri arasdros yofila<br />
komerciaze gaTvlili. erTgan is<br />
ambobs, _ CemTan iyo ramdenime a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />
isini albaT kargi artistebi<br />
gaxdebodnen, magram samwuxarod,<br />
mere modeliorebad ga<strong>da</strong>iqcnen <strong>da</strong><br />
rogorc artistebi <strong>da</strong>mTavrdneno.<br />
TbilisSi yofnis drosac <strong>petliura</strong>m<br />
intervius dros upasuxa, _ me<br />
viReb nagavs <strong>da</strong> misgan yvavilebs<br />
vakeTeb. misi unikaluri koleqciis<br />
didi nawili moskovis baraxlovkazea<br />
nayidi, maT Soris im xanad<br />
yvelaze cnobil tiSinski rinokze.<br />
bevric albaT nagavSia napovni.<br />
paradoqsia, magram swored es<br />
arakomerciuli xelovneba gax<strong>da</strong><br />
yvelaze konvertirebadi msoflio<br />
bazarze. araformaluri xelovne-<br />
ba _ am niSniT iyo <strong>da</strong> dResac aris<br />
moskovSi gaazrebuli is xelovneba,<br />
romelsac avangardis tradiciasTan<br />
aigivebdnen <strong>da</strong> romelic Tavs uyri<strong>da</strong><br />
konceptualistur safuZvelze warmoqmnil<br />
yvela im mimarTulebas, rac<br />
moskovis xelovnebis savaWro niSans<br />
qmni<strong>da</strong>, maT Soris: rusuli konceptualizmi,<br />
soc-arti, koleqtivnie<br />
deistvia, medgermenevtika <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
araformaluri ki arakomerciulsac<br />
gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong> amiT moskovis e.w. antisabWoTa<br />
artistebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTis<br />
neomarqsistebi (partia ar egonos<br />
mkiTxvels, Jan luk go<strong>da</strong>rs <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
Tanamedrove artistebs aerTianebs)<br />
saerTo baziss poulobdnen.<br />
vidre TbilisSi wamovidodiT,<br />
moskovi<strong>da</strong>n gia buRaZes <strong>da</strong>vureke.<br />
maSin mxatvarTa kavSiris erT-er-<br />
Ti xelmZRvaneli iyo <strong>da</strong> vTxove,<br />
nebarTva moepovebina qarvaslaSi<br />
moskoveli mxatvrebis gamofenis-<br />
Tvis. TbilisSi CamovediT Tu ara,
moskovelebs maSinve qalaqSi xetiali<br />
moun<strong>da</strong>T _ yovelgvari Zilisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis winaaRmdegni<br />
iyvnen. mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc arc qarTul<br />
samzareuloze gaumaxvilebia vinmes<br />
yuradReba, radgan es ar <strong>da</strong>mmaxsovrebia.<br />
maTTvis ufro axali<br />
artefaqtebi iyo mimzidveli <strong>da</strong><br />
mniSvnelovani. ar vici, ramdenad<br />
aRmoaCines aseTi ram, Tu ar CavTvliT<br />
erT iseT banalur artefaqts,<br />
rogoricaa WaWiT savse 3-litriani<br />
boca, romelic <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />
romeliRac aivanze <strong>da</strong>unaxavs,<br />
amZvrala <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>pir gamofenis<br />
gaxsnis win moitana instalacia-<br />
Si gamosayeneblad. meore albaT<br />
is iyo, rom erTxel RamiT gmirTa<br />
moe<strong>da</strong>nze mogvix<strong>da</strong> manqaniT gavla.<br />
ukve <strong>da</strong>carielebul quCaSi marto<br />
erTi wyvili Can<strong>da</strong> varazisxevis<br />
kuTxeSi <strong>da</strong> vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom Cxuboben<br />
_ kaci qals muSts uRerebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>sartymelad an emuqreba. etyoba,<br />
CvenTvis aseTi scenebi an Zalian<br />
banaluri <strong>da</strong> yoveldRiuri iyo, an,<br />
tradiciuli qveynisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasia-<br />
Tebeli <strong>da</strong>uwereli kanonebis gamo,<br />
wyvilis saqmeebSi Carevas imTavi-<br />
Tve gamovricxavdiT. <strong>petliura</strong>s ki<br />
swored es ar gamorCa, jer manqanis<br />
gaCereba moiTxova <strong>da</strong> roca taqsis<br />
mZRolma ar urCia <strong>da</strong> yuri arc ki<br />
ugdo, maSin fanjara Camowia <strong>da</strong><br />
TbilisisTvis sruliad ucxo, rusuli<br />
Tu ukrainuli, anarqistuli,<br />
mTeli xmiT <strong>da</strong>uyvira, _ Sen, ei, ar<br />
gabedo qalis Seuracxyofao. mesame<br />
Tbilisuri artefaqtic, rasac <strong>petliura</strong>sTan<br />
erTad wavawydiT, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
misi arakanonierebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
araa<strong>da</strong>mianurobisa, mainc aseve banaluri<br />
iyo CvenTvis _ rusTavelis<br />
prospeqtze troleibuss gavyeviT<br />
<strong>da</strong> centraluri fostis Senobas<br />
rom gavuswordiT, <strong>petliura</strong>m gineba<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>da</strong> saxeze xeli aifara.<br />
ver mivxvdi, ra ayvireb<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>naxva<br />
istoria<br />
ver movaswari. troleibusi swrafad<br />
gasc<strong>da</strong> im adgils, <strong>petliura</strong>m<br />
miTxra, rom <strong>da</strong>inaxa, Tu rogor Caartya<br />
viRacam meore a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong>na<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir TavSi <strong>da</strong> gaiqca.<br />
aseT dros Camoitanes moskovelebma<br />
namdvili rusuli avangardi<br />
TbilisSi, pirvelad, maiakovskisdroindeli<br />
20-iani wlebis mere.<br />
meore jgufi, romelic maSin<br />
CvenTan erTad TbilisSi Camovi<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> romelic aseve <strong>petliura</strong>s art_<br />
komunis nawils Seadgen<strong>da</strong>, jgufi<br />
`sever~ iyo (aleqsandr lugini <strong>da</strong><br />
katia riJikova). Tbilisur gastrolebze<br />
komuni<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime sxva artistic<br />
wamovi<strong>da</strong>. kidev ufro mets<br />
undo<strong>da</strong> wamosvla, magram yvelafers<br />
<strong>petliura</strong> wyvet<strong>da</strong>. man Tqva,<br />
rom, viRacis <strong>da</strong>svenebisa <strong>da</strong> mogzaurobis<br />
xarjze, lekv petlikas<br />
saWmels ver moakleb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
gamofena qarvaslisTvis <strong>da</strong>igegma.<br />
80-iani wlebis miwuruls swo-<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 35
istoria<br />
red qarvasla iyo is adgili, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
Tanamedrove mxatvarTa gamofenebi<br />
imarTebo<strong>da</strong>. aq xSirad iyo Tbilisuri<br />
jgufis `meaTe sarTulis~ sapaviliono<br />
gamofenebi, romlebic<br />
Tbiliss Tanamedrove xelovnebis<br />
saerTaSoriso stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis gamofenebTan<br />
aaxloeb<strong>da</strong>. qarvaslas im<br />
drosac xelovnebaTmcodne lika<br />
mamacaSvili kuratorob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> swored<br />
mis sagalereo saqmianobasTan<br />
aris mniSvnelovanwilad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
Tbilisis Tanamedrove sagamofeno<br />
kulturis Seqmnis istoria.<br />
<strong>petliura</strong>s importis realuri mimRebi<br />
TbilisSi swored `meaTe sar-<br />
Tuli~ <strong>da</strong> misi garemocva iyo _ jgufi,<br />
romelic 5 mxatvars aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>:<br />
mamuka cecxlaZes, niko cecxlaZes,<br />
mamuka jafariZes, oleg timCenkos,<br />
koka ramiSvils; <strong>da</strong> am jgufTan imxanad<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyvnen sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
xelovanebi _ niko lomaSvili, guram<br />
wibaxaSvili, karlo kaWarava, gia ri-<br />
36 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
gvava, lia SveliZe, maia cecxlaZe,<br />
gia loria <strong>da</strong> <strong>sxvebi</strong>.<br />
qalaqSi <strong>petliura</strong>s u<strong>da</strong>rdeli xetialisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, romelmac<br />
performansisTvis mxolod muyaos<br />
yuTebi moiTxova, raTa <strong>da</strong>rbazSi<br />
kedeli aeSenebina, rogorc sazRvari,<br />
romelsac mere <strong>petliura</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
niko cecxlaZe ZexvisaTvis Cxubis<br />
dros <strong>da</strong>angrevdnen, jgufi `severi~<br />
_ saSa lugini <strong>da</strong> katia riJikova<br />
_ calke, ganmartoebiT amzadeb<strong>da</strong><br />
sakuTar performanss, romlisTvisac<br />
meti dekoracia sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />
rodesac moskovSi pirveli reiv<br />
klubi `ptiuCi~ gaixsna, romelic<br />
sakuTar gaxmaurebul priala Jurnalsac<br />
gamoscem<strong>da</strong>, saxelwodebiT<br />
`om~, <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>cvaSi mxolod<br />
Savkanianebi hyav<strong>da</strong>T, xolo mineraluri<br />
wyali aucileblad `eviani~<br />
un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo, saSa lugini iq<br />
wamyvani artisti <strong>da</strong> dizaineri iyo.<br />
isini qmnian musikalur <strong>da</strong> aqcio-<br />
nistur performanss, rac slavuri<br />
arqetipebisa <strong>da</strong> Samanuri, magiuri<br />
performansis paralelurad, Rrmad<br />
<strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> transis, fsiqodeliisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> saklubo subkulturas. es<br />
Samanur qmedebasa <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove<br />
dizains Soris arsebuli xelovneba<br />
iyo, romelsac, rogorc Tan<strong>da</strong>-<br />
Tan gamoCn<strong>da</strong>, raRac komerciuli<br />
potenciac hqon<strong>da</strong>. `severis~ performansebSi<br />
is ritualuri sawyisi<br />
ikiTxebo<strong>da</strong>, ramac bunebrivad Sei-<br />
Zleba <strong>da</strong>ainteresos Tanamedrove<br />
rusi avangardisti, Tu is ar egueba<br />
dRevandel sterilur, komfortabelur<br />
<strong>da</strong> ambivalentur sistemas<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamosavals isev wmin<strong>da</strong> modernistul<br />
formebSi <strong>da</strong> Tun<strong>da</strong>c Soreuli<br />
aRmosavleTis misterialur<br />
arqetipebSi eZebs.<br />
`severi~ qarvaslaSic aqcionistur<br />
transs qmni<strong>da</strong>. saSa luginisa <strong>da</strong> katia<br />
riJikovas performansis `Sinaarsi<strong>da</strong>n~<br />
gamomdinare, ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, rom
kari un<strong>da</strong> Caketiliyo <strong>da</strong> mnaxveli<br />
<strong>da</strong>rbazSi ar SemoeSvaT. mayurebeli<br />
moqmedebis msvlelobas Sesasvlel<br />
karTan <strong>da</strong>montaJebuli ori televizoris<br />
saSualebiT adevneb<strong>da</strong> Tvals.<br />
SigniT ki, <strong>da</strong>rbazis erT mxares, patara<br />
scenaze dramze ukravdnen.<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n `severis~ wevrebi specialurad<br />
momzadebul, fantastikur kostiumebSi<br />
gamowyobilebi gamovidnen,<br />
kostiumebi simetriulad iyo moxatuli<br />
arqauli <strong>da</strong> gamogonili rusuli<br />
ornamentebiT. male gogonebma<br />
tansacmeli gaixades. katias <strong>da</strong> lenas<br />
saRebaviT savse konteineri edgaT<br />
win <strong>da</strong> xan erTmaneTs xatavdnen,<br />
xan ki sxeulebiT raRac Samanur ornamentebs<br />
qmnidnen. moxatvis saSiSroeba<br />
emuqrebo<strong>da</strong> yvelas, vinc maT<br />
miuaxlovdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
kars miRma, <strong>da</strong>rbazSi monawileebs<br />
`meaTe sarTulis~ Tbiliseli mxatvrebic<br />
SeuerTdnen, salamurebiTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva musikaluri instrumente-<br />
biT `aRWurvilebi~. mxatvrebma aseve<br />
eqspoziciac Seqmnes, sa<strong>da</strong>c niko<br />
lomaSvilis, mamuka jafariZis, Salva<br />
xaxanaSvilis, poet badri guguSvilis<br />
namuSevrebi <strong>da</strong> instalaciebi<br />
iyo gamofenili. iqve iyo diqtoric,<br />
romlis rolsac gela patiaSvili<br />
asruleb<strong>da</strong>. diqtori gareT<br />
performansis msvlelobis Sesaxeb<br />
mayurebels informacias awvdi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
mcire komentarebsac akeTeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
gamofenis gaxsni<strong>da</strong>n zustad erT<br />
saaTSi centraluri komiteti<strong>da</strong>n<br />
miTiTeba movi<strong>da</strong> _ saswrafod <strong>da</strong>exuraT<br />
gamofena. male qarvaslas-<br />
Tan manqanebic gaCer<strong>da</strong>. gamofenis<br />
saswrafo <strong>da</strong>Sla <strong>da</strong> performansis<br />
SeCereba mogvTxoves. ase rom, Tbilisel<br />
mayurebels sul raRac 1 saa-<br />
TiT hqon<strong>da</strong> saSualeba, enaxa, Tu ras<br />
akeTebs avangardistuli moskovi<br />
perestroikis pikSi, rodesac gorbaCovi<br />
imave platformebis <strong>da</strong>brunebas<br />
cdilobs, rogoric 20-iani<br />
istoria<br />
wlebis periodSi iyo _ im periodSi,<br />
rodesac saerTod avangardistuli<br />
xelovneba <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. maSinac, ssrk-s<br />
gariJraJze saqarTvelos futuristebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> avangardisti poetebi stumrobdnen.<br />
axlac, rodesac sabWoTa<br />
kavSiris <strong>da</strong>isis Tu misi sawyisebisken<br />
mibrunebis periodi <strong>da</strong>dga,<br />
<strong>petliura</strong>c swored didi rusi avangardisti<br />
poetis, velimir xlebnikovis<br />
leqsiT <strong>da</strong>mSvenebuli maisuriT<br />
Camovi<strong>da</strong> TbilisSi.<br />
faqtobrivad, es iyo pirveli media<br />
performansi TbilisSi, romlis<br />
obieqtis translacia iqve xdebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
imave drosa <strong>da</strong> adgilas. es ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />
marto konceptualuri<br />
kaprizis Sedegi ar iyo, ubralod<br />
maSindel TbilisSi _ tradiciuli<br />
qveynis, ase Tu ise, progresulad<br />
ganwyobil de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi amgvarad ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong><br />
monawileebis usafrTxoeba.<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 88<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 37
istoria<br />
diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi<br />
avtori: qeTi qanTaria<br />
poloneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Cemi<br />
pirveli vizualuri STabeWdileba<br />
kaTolicizms ukavSirdeba. Tormeti<br />
wlis viyavi, mxatvar eJi du<strong>da</strong><br />
graCis gamofenaze rom movxvdi.<br />
maxsovs Cemze maRali a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
duduni Tavs zemoT. es ambavi<br />
38 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
poloneli reJisori anJei vai<strong>da</strong><br />
poloneli marSali jozef pilsudski<br />
moskovSi xdebo<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
komentarebic im siamtkbilobis<br />
kvalobaze keTdebo<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />
tradiciulad am or qveyanas akav-<br />
Sirebs. maSin gavbrazdi, <strong>da</strong> poloneTTan<br />
Cemi pirveli soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />
momentic es iyo. im asakSi, roca<br />
lex kaCinski <strong>da</strong> nikola sarkozi, varSava, 2008<br />
reJisori anJei Julavski<br />
aviakatastrofaSi <strong>da</strong>RupulTa Camosveneba varSavaSi, 11 aprili 2010<br />
bavSvebis umetesobam geografiac<br />
ki ar icis wesierad, mec <strong>da</strong> zogierT<br />
Cems amxanagsac poloneTisadmi<br />
ukve Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
gvqon<strong>da</strong>. `soli<strong>da</strong>rnosC~,<br />
amerikis xma, Jurnali `amerika~<br />
<strong>da</strong>stebad, romliTac rusuli wera
kiTxva viswavle. aRfrTovanebuli<br />
`xe<strong>da</strong>v, ras Svebian polonelebi?!~<br />
_ erTi sityviT, aseTi iyo paketi,<br />
romliTac Tavisufleba, ase-<br />
Ti <strong>da</strong>uzustebeli definiciiT, SemoiWra<br />
Cvens cxovrebaSi, romelic<br />
CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovan rames<br />
gveubnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gvaRelveb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
eJi du<strong>da</strong> graCis namuSevrebi im<br />
gamofenaze bolojer vnaxe. Cemi<br />
azriT, gansakuTrebulad gamor-<br />
Ceuli mxatvari ar iyo. is CenstoxovoSi,<br />
kaTolikuri msvlelobebis,<br />
wirvebis <strong>da</strong> galobis atmosferoSi<br />
gaizar<strong>da</strong>. mis naxatebSi eklesiuri<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>reva, rogorc maxsovs, gaSar-<br />
Jebuli iyo.<br />
im dReebSi aRmovaCine, rom graCs<br />
religiuri Sinaarsis namuSevrebic<br />
hqonia <strong>da</strong> poloneTSi erT-erTi<br />
eklesiac aqvs moxatuli. mxatvris<br />
bavSvobis STabeWdilebebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
misi religiurobac<br />
<strong>da</strong> satirac gasagebi momeCvena.<br />
samoc<strong>da</strong>aTiani wlebis Semdeg ka-<br />
Tolicizmisadmi polonelebs gansakuTrebiT<br />
intimuri <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
gauCn<strong>da</strong>T. amis mizezi, ra Tqma<br />
un<strong>da</strong>, karol iuzef voitila gax<strong>da</strong>,<br />
papi ioane-pavle II, TiTqmis yoveli<br />
polonelis siamaye, romlis avtoritetma,<br />
`soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCis~ legen<strong>da</strong>sTan<br />
erTad, poloneTi, garkveuli<br />
azriT, unikalur qveynad aqcia.<br />
pani erJbeta<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>narCeni a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
1996 wels Cemi patara bina gavyide<br />
<strong>da</strong> ase Tu ise simpaTiuri Tanxa<br />
poloneTSi samogzaurod ga<strong>da</strong>vinaxe.<br />
mindo<strong>da</strong>, sakuTari TvaliT<br />
menaxa <strong>da</strong> xeliT momesinja is, rac<br />
10-11 wlis asaki<strong>da</strong>n gulSi CamrCa.<br />
ase <strong>da</strong>vsaxldi varSavis erT orsar-<br />
Tulian saxlSi, 82 wlis pani erJbetasTan,<br />
moulodnel tipaJTan,<br />
romelmac pirvelive dRes miambo,<br />
rogor <strong>da</strong>ikarga amas winaT disnei<br />
lendSi. vifiqre, gagviWirdebo<strong>da</strong><br />
Cven-Cveni gansxvavebuli realobebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
urTierToba, magram mas<br />
sul ramdenime dRe <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong> imis<br />
<strong>da</strong>samtkiceblad, rom Cven ors So-<br />
ris realobis ganc<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>karguli<br />
me mqon<strong>da</strong>. pani erJbeta germanisti<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong> omis dros okupantebis Tarjimnad<br />
muSaob<strong>da</strong>. germanelebi namdvili<br />
jentlmenebi iyvnen <strong>da</strong> omis<br />
wlebSi Tavs SesaniSnavad vgrZnobdi,<br />
Citis rZe ar makl<strong>da</strong>o, _ ambob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
kvaSnevskis mTavrobam, rogorc<br />
am periodSi gansakuTrebiT saSiS<br />
samuSaoze (okupantebTan!) momuSave<br />
pirs, seriozuli pensia <strong>da</strong>uniSna.<br />
`rogorc xe<strong>da</strong>vT, _ miTxra isev eSmakurad,<br />
_ yvela kargad gavacure~.<br />
gamomicxa<strong>da</strong>, _ imedi maqvs, saxlSi<br />
rusebs ar SemoaparebTo. pani er-<br />
Jbeta <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli iyo, rom yvela<br />
qarTveli raRaciT mainc rusia,<br />
yovel SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme misi<br />
binis usafrTxoebas exebo<strong>da</strong>, maTi<br />
rusobis bolomde gamoricxva (sifrTxilis<br />
TvalsazrisiT) ar Sei-<br />
Zlebo<strong>da</strong>. rusebis Semoparebis varianti<br />
advilad gamovricxe, ramac<br />
pani erJbeta mTlianad gaabedniera<br />
<strong>da</strong> im dRi<strong>da</strong>n ise Semiyvara, rogorc<br />
Sinauri cxoveli, romelsac<br />
Sin quCaSi napovni WuWyiani moZmeebis<br />
moyvana SeuZlia, magram amas<br />
ucnaurad gamoCenili a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />
Segnebis gamo ar akeTebs. ras niSnavs<br />
qarTveli, erJbetam pirvelad,<br />
82 wlis asakSi gaigo. axalgacnobil<br />
fenomens polonuri gamoTqma<br />
moargo _ `Sarvals vyidi, fraks vitoveb~;<br />
Zveli eWvebisTvisac ki, momibodiSa:<br />
mkacri bavSvoba mqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />
muSis ojaxSi gavizarde <strong>da</strong> realobisTvis<br />
axalgazrdobi<strong>da</strong>n Tvali<br />
maqvs gasworebulio, `Tqven kidev<br />
wignebma <strong>da</strong>gRupaT, wignebma!~ _ momaZaxa<br />
iseve mkacrad, rogorc sCveo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mag codvas ver <strong>da</strong>vibralebmeTqi,<br />
_ gamovtydi. pani erJbetam<br />
xelebi gaSala, _ `ki magram, aba am<br />
poloneTSi ra <strong>da</strong>kargeT!~<br />
me arc is ramdenimeTviani poloneTi<br />
minania <strong>da</strong> arc pani erJbetas<br />
mkacri realobis gacnoba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
imisa, rom is dRemde ver<br />
SevuTavse im sinamdviles, romelic<br />
misi saxlis gareT arsebob<strong>da</strong>:<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, romlebic stabiluri<br />
<strong>da</strong> met-naklebad SeZlebuli cxo-<br />
istoria<br />
vrebis SesaZleblobas ijerebdnen,<br />
ucxos mimarT yovel nabijze<br />
cnobismoyvareobas <strong>da</strong> gulgaxsnilobas<br />
amJRavnebdnen; taqsistebs,<br />
romlebic fuls marto imitom<br />
ar marTmevdnen, rom sayvelpuro<br />
polonuri vicodi; gamyidvlebs,<br />
romlebic mamSvidebdnen, rom poloneTSi<br />
cimbiriviT ar acivdeba;<br />
saSobao sixaruls; Zveli varSavis<br />
yvelaze lamaz quCas, sa<strong>da</strong>c quCis<br />
kafeebSi msxdomi xalxi fexze wamomdgari<br />
ukrav<strong>da</strong> Cems qarTvel<br />
nacnobs taSs, imis gamo, rom saku-<br />
Tar jvrisweraze CoxaSi gamowyobili<br />
midio<strong>da</strong>.<br />
polonuri `promeTeizmi~<br />
saqarTvelosadmi, saerTod kavkasiisadmi<br />
unikaluri soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />
<strong>da</strong> gulwrfeli simpaTiis istoria<br />
mecxramete saukunis ori didi _<br />
1830-31 <strong>da</strong> 1863-64 wlebis _ ajanyebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
iwyeba. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, is, rac<br />
xSirad paralelurad saqarTvelo-<br />
Si xdebo<strong>da</strong>, polonuri meamboxeobis<br />
mxolod susti anarekli iyo, iseve<br />
rogorc Tan moyolili sasjeli <strong>da</strong><br />
sazRauri. ocian wlebamde saqar-<br />
TveloSi polonuri armiis nawilebi<br />
idga. maTi Sin gawvevis Semdeg<br />
polonur mxares saqarTvelos didi<br />
vali <strong>da</strong>rCa, romelic <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
saqarTvelos mxri<strong>da</strong>n aseTive<br />
didi xelgaSlilobiT epatia, sityvebiT<br />
`qarTuli miwisTvis didi<br />
pativi iyo iseTi brwyinvale eris<br />
Svilebis maspinZloba, rogoric<br />
polonelebi arian~. 1921 wlis Semdeg<br />
poloneTi msoflios erTader-<br />
Ti qveyana iyo, romelic qarTul<br />
emigracias sakuTar miwaze ara mxolod<br />
TavSesafars aZlev<strong>da</strong>, aramed<br />
xelisSemwyob pirobebsac uqmni<strong>da</strong>.<br />
polonurma armiam samxedro pirebs<br />
araTu Cinebi SeunarCuna, aramed<br />
xelsayreli kontraqtebic <strong>da</strong>udo.<br />
qarTuli emigracia yvelaze Rirseulad<br />
swored poloneTSi gamoiyurebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
gamicvnia iseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />
visac es xalxi axsov<strong>da</strong>, vis<br />
mSoblebTanac isini megobrobdnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> ojaxebSi stumrobdnen. swored<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 39
istoria<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi paradoqsuli situaciaa Seqmnili. poloneTi, slavuri qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
yvelaze evropuli, aRmosavleTis yofili bloki<strong>da</strong>n yvelaze pro<strong>da</strong>savluri saxelmwifoa,<br />
romelsac 2004 wels ocneba ausrul<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> evropis sabWos wevri gax<strong>da</strong>. Tumca, axla Tavad qmnis<br />
<strong>da</strong>brkolebebs evropis gzaze <strong>da</strong> Tavs TviTizolaciaSi iqcevs.<br />
maTi gamorCeulobis gamo, aTwleulebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo<br />
poloneTi<strong>da</strong>n iseTi Can<strong>da</strong>, rogorebic<br />
gvindo<strong>da</strong> vyofiliyaviT, magram<br />
ar viyaviT. prezidenti lex<br />
kaCinskic im polonelebis ricxvs<br />
ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>.<br />
11 noembers, <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis<br />
dRes pilsudskis moe<strong>da</strong>nze gaviare.<br />
maintereseb<strong>da</strong>, ra moxdebo<strong>da</strong><br />
am dRes. aRlumi <strong>da</strong> baTqa-buTqi ar<br />
yofila, saRamosken ki cxovrebaSi<br />
pirvelad <strong>da</strong> ukanasknelad vnaxe<br />
brZolis veli: rogor uaxlovdebian<br />
erTmaneTs mowinaaRmdegeebis<br />
naxevarkilometriani mwkrivebi,<br />
rogor Caxe<strong>da</strong>ven erTmaneTs TvalebSi.<br />
mere es ori zoli, erT-ormetriani<br />
distanciis SenarCunebiT,<br />
saaTis isariviT <strong>da</strong>trial<strong>da</strong>. Tumca,<br />
maT Soris manZili ar Semcirebula.<br />
pirvelebma raRac gaugebris<br />
ZaxiliT _ `normalurebma~ _ `erTi<br />
rasa, kacTa modgmas~ _ ase itriales<br />
<strong>da</strong> male <strong>da</strong>iSalnen, ise, rom<br />
erTmaneTs arc ki Sexebian. im dRes<br />
verc erTma nacnobma ver amixsna,<br />
ra vnaxe. magram erTi STabeWdileba<br />
ki maxsovs: vfiqrobdi, rom rac<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mavne <strong>da</strong> suleluri tendencia<br />
iyos, am qveyanaSi, etyoba, pasuxis<br />
gamcemi adekvaturi Zala yovel-<br />
Tvis moinaxeba-meTqi. igives Tqma<br />
maT aRmosavlel mezoblebze Zneli<br />
iqneba, polonelebi ki sazogadoebrivad<br />
mgrZnobiare xalxia. amas<br />
albaT amboxebebisadmi tradiciuli<br />
midrekileba <strong>da</strong> soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />
niWic ganapirobebs. imave wels,<br />
poloneTSi yofnisas vnaxe, ra kargad<br />
icodnen am qveyanaSi CeCneTis<br />
movlenebi, rogori Tav<strong>da</strong>debiT<br />
gulSematkivrobdnen <strong>da</strong> aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T<br />
yvelaferi, rac SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong><br />
mcodno<strong>da</strong>, magram me maSin araferi<br />
vicodi <strong>da</strong>, garkveul mizezTa gamo,<br />
40 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
romlebic maSin aqtualuri gveCvenebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
arc maintereseb<strong>da</strong>. amis-<br />
Tvis bevr polonels araerTxel<br />
Sevurcxvenivar. poloneTi iyo<br />
qveyana, romelic sakmao enTuziazmiT<br />
iReb<strong>da</strong> CeCen ltolvilebs <strong>da</strong><br />
TavSesafars aZlev<strong>da</strong>. lex kaCinskim<br />
varSavis merobisas qalaqis erTerT<br />
moe<strong>da</strong>ns joxar du<strong>da</strong>evis saxeli<br />
mianiWa. Znelia zustad Tqma,<br />
rodis mox<strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>texa, magram<br />
dRes am qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
patara qalaqebSi, CeCen ltolvilebs<br />
didi problemebi eqmnebaT.<br />
ltolvilebi amas maTi kaTolicizmis<br />
momZlavrebis fonze islamisadmi<br />
agresiiT xsnian. samagierod,<br />
saqarTvelos qristianuli istoria<br />
aRfrTovanebas iwvevs. Cemi iq yofnis<br />
dros ki CeCnebi bevri polonelisTvis<br />
nomeri pirveli eri iyo.<br />
ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, es antirusuli Jestic<br />
iyo, magram ara mxolod es _<br />
`<strong>da</strong>umorCilebelTa geneologiis~<br />
mqone kidev erTma xalxma bunebrivad<br />
<strong>da</strong>ipyro polonelebis gulebi.<br />
ise, im wlebSic ki, axalgazr<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
did nawils ruseTisadmi<br />
sruliad neitraluri <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong>. ruseTi ubralod ar<br />
aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T. es gulgriloba,<br />
araafeqturi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, rogorc<br />
Cans, ukve poloneTis saboloo<br />
gamarjvebis niSani iyo.<br />
eklesia, `kanoni<br />
<strong>da</strong> samarTlianoba~<br />
2005 wels, poloneTis saparlamento<br />
arCevnebamde erTi TviT<br />
adre romis papma benediqte XVI-m<br />
wmin<strong>da</strong> petres moe<strong>da</strong>nze tradiciuli<br />
saerTo locvis dros Tqva, rom<br />
am arCevnebis saTanadod <strong>da</strong>srulebisTvis<br />
loculobs. gancxadeba<br />
sensaciurad, metic, did Secdomad<br />
iqna miCneuli: romis paps arc<br />
erTi qveynis politikiT metismeti<br />
<strong>da</strong>intereseba ar Seefereba. yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac germania prezidents<br />
irCev<strong>da</strong>, warmoSobiT germanel<br />
paps es movlena xsenebis Rirsad<br />
ar CauTvlia.<br />
poloneTSi kaTolikuri eklesia<br />
istoriis yvela etapze umniSvnelovanes<br />
rols asruleb<strong>da</strong>, dRes ki<br />
poloneTi evropis yvelaze kaTolikuri<br />
qveyanaa, romis papis mTavari<br />
<strong>da</strong>sayrdeni <strong>da</strong>savleTSi. ukve Tormeti<br />
welia, poloneTma aRadgina<br />
1925 wels vatikansa <strong>da</strong> poloneTis<br />
meore respublikas Soris <strong>da</strong>debuli<br />
konkor<strong>da</strong>ti, romliTac eklesias<br />
_ sazogadoebriv sferoSi Carevis<br />
ufleba, Tavad ki praqtikulad SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi<br />
Zalaufleba mieca.<br />
paps kaTolike episkoposebmac<br />
mihbaZes <strong>da</strong> kaTolike amomrCevels<br />
rCeviT mimarTes: sasurveli partia<br />
Riad ar <strong>da</strong>usaxelebiaT, magram im<br />
Zalis arCeva mouwodes, romelic<br />
`ojaxis <strong>da</strong> qorwinebis siwmindes~<br />
<strong>da</strong>icavs, evTanaziisa <strong>da</strong> abortis<br />
winaaRmdeg gailaSqrebs. saarCevno<br />
programaSi aseTi <strong>da</strong>pireba or partias<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong>: nakleb perspeqtiul<br />
`polonuri ojaxebis ligas~ <strong>da</strong> `kanons<br />
<strong>da</strong> samarTlianobas~, lex <strong>da</strong><br />
iaroslav kaCinskebis partias.<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi paradoqsuli<br />
situaciaa Seqmnili.<br />
poloneTi, slavuri qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
yvelaze evropuli, aRmosavleTis<br />
yofili bloki<strong>da</strong>n yvelaze pro<strong>da</strong>savluri<br />
saxelmwifoa, romelsac<br />
2004 wels ocneba ausrul<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
evropis sabWos wevri gax<strong>da</strong>. Tumca,<br />
axla Tavad qmnis <strong>da</strong>brkolebebs<br />
evropis gzaze <strong>da</strong> Tavs TviTizolaciaSi<br />
iqcevs.<br />
2005 wels krakovis mTavar moe<strong>da</strong>nze<br />
Zalian saintereso mitingi<br />
gaimarTa. ramdenime aseuli a<strong>da</strong>mia
ni poloneTis mefed ieso qristes<br />
aRiarebas moiTxov<strong>da</strong>. es albaT am<br />
qveyanaSi religiuri rwmenis yvelaze<br />
briyvuli gamovlineba iyo.<br />
yovel SemTxvevaSi, aSkaraa, rom<br />
poloneli amomrCevlis did nawils<br />
sulac ar sWirdeba karnaxi, vis<br />
misces xma arCevnebSi, rodesac arsebobs<br />
partia, romelic mas kaTolikuri<br />
Rirebulebebis saxelmwifo<br />
doneze <strong>da</strong>cvas hpirdeba. 2005 wlis<br />
dekemberSi kidev gasakviri iyo, rom<br />
partiis `kanoni <strong>da</strong> samarTlianoba~<br />
liders, dRes tragikulad <strong>da</strong>Ru-<br />
anJei vai<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>saReb moe<strong>da</strong>nze, poloneTi 1989<br />
pul lex kaCinskis, xmaTa mxolod<br />
54% <strong>da</strong>ugrov<strong>da</strong>, mis mTavar konkurents,<br />
liberal tusks ki _ 45%.<br />
bolo Tvis ganmavlobaSi poloneTSi<br />
gaCn<strong>da</strong> imis precedentebi, rom<br />
erT-erT saprezidento kandi<strong>da</strong>ts,<br />
tragikulad <strong>da</strong>Rupuli prezidentis<br />
Zmas, iaroslav kaCinskis kani<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>turis<br />
warsadgenad saWiro xmebs eklesiebSi<br />
ugroveben. `kanonma <strong>da</strong> samar-<br />
Tlianobam~ kaTolike amomrCevels<br />
ukve Seusrula is, rasac winasaar-<br />
Cveno periodSi <strong>da</strong>hpir<strong>da</strong>. eklesiis<br />
idea iyo umetesobisTvis sayvareli,<br />
poloneTi, g<strong>da</strong>nski, 1981<br />
istoria<br />
<strong>sxvebi</strong>sTvis ki retrogradi prezidentis,<br />
lex kaCinskis eris `wmi<strong>da</strong>Tawmi<strong>da</strong>~<br />
adgilas _ vavelSi <strong>da</strong>krZalvac,<br />
poloneTis mefeebis, Sopenis <strong>da</strong><br />
mickeviCis gverdiT.<br />
poloneTis kaTolikurma eklesiam<br />
Tavis droze STaagona <strong>da</strong> Sekra erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebelimoZraoba.<br />
saqarTvelos msgavsad, eklesia <strong>da</strong><br />
sarwmunoeba swored am aspeqtma aqcia<br />
nacionaluri eTikis safuZvlad.<br />
Tumca, wignis `<strong>da</strong>umorCilebelTa<br />
geneologiis~ avtori, bog<strong>da</strong>n civinski,<br />
romelic ganmaTavisuflebel<br />
poloneTi, g<strong>da</strong>nski, 1988<br />
poloneli generali iaruzelski <strong>da</strong><br />
gdr-is prezidenti erix honekeri, berlini, 1982<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 41<br />
soni rolinzi, scenaze gasvlis win, niu-iorki, 1961 weli soni rolinzi, <strong>da</strong> atilio rota, milani, 1963 weli
istoria<br />
`paradoqsuli ram mox<strong>da</strong> _ sovietizmis kraxis Semdeg poloneTs raRac sxva `sabWouroba~<br />
<strong>da</strong>emarTa. glexuri sijiute. eklesiisadmi usazRvro ndoba, TiTqmis iseTi, rogorc sabWoeTSi<br />
_ partiis mimarT, politikuri niSnuli gax<strong>da</strong>. qveynis beds ironiulRimiliani kverTxisTavebi<br />
wyveten, romlebsac nacionalizmis, antisemitizmis <strong>da</strong> provinciuli mesianobis wylulebi<br />
awuxebT~.<br />
brZolaSi polonuri inteligenciis<br />
rolze wers, aRniSnavs, rom Tu polonel<br />
inteligentsa <strong>da</strong> kaTolikur<br />
eklesias Soris arsebul konfliqts<br />
ar vaxsenebT, suraTi upatieblad<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxinjdeba. avtori am konfliqtis<br />
erT-erT aspeqtad sazogadoebrivi<br />
moRvaweobis eTikur principebs asaxelebs,<br />
winaaRmdegobis safuZvlad<br />
ki _ socialur eTikas, romelsac<br />
kaTolike poloneli <strong>da</strong> radikali<br />
inteligenti gansxvavebulad aRiqvamdnen.<br />
civinskis miaCnia, rom XX<br />
saukunis polonurma kaTolikobam<br />
mniSvnelovani ganaxleba ganica<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ris wyalobiTac qveynis inteligenciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloeba moaxerxa.<br />
inteligencia<br />
<strong>da</strong> inteleqtualebi<br />
terminebis _ `inteligencia~<br />
<strong>da</strong> `inteleqtualebi~ _ Sejaxeba<br />
poloneTSic mox<strong>da</strong>, Tumca pirvelTaTvis<br />
iq es iseTi kraxiT ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebula, rogorc CvenSi.<br />
diskusiebSi xSirad axseneben xolme,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>savluri tipis inteleqtualebi<br />
polonur sazogadoebriv<br />
cxovrebaSi XX saukunis 30-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Semodian. imasac amboben, rom<br />
inteligencia, polonur-rusuli<br />
gagebiT, <strong>da</strong>savleTSi ar arsebobs;<br />
arsebobs saSualo klasi, romelic<br />
male poloneTSic momZlavrdeba <strong>da</strong><br />
inteligencias wamyvan poziciebs<br />
mTlianad CamoarTmevs.<br />
mariuS cesliaki 2009 wlis seqtembris<br />
`niusuiqSi~ uaryofs komunizmis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mxobaSi inteligenciis<br />
rols, <strong>da</strong> `kanonis <strong>da</strong> samarTlianobis~<br />
poziciebis Sesustebas. mas<br />
axseneben, rom, magaliTad, italiaSi<br />
sityva intellighenzia dRemde polonuri<br />
(ruseTis pirvel inteligentebad<br />
dekabristebi <strong>da</strong> maTi Tana-<br />
42 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
moazreebi iTvlebian. pirvelebi<br />
Tavad-aznaurebi<strong>da</strong>n, vinc, maT<strong>da</strong><br />
gasakvirad, 1812 wlis omSi aRmoa-<br />
Cina, rom Turme glexic a<strong>da</strong>miania,<br />
metic, patriotia. polonuri inteligencia<br />
ki, rogorc Cans, me-18<br />
saukunis bolos iSva, respublikur<br />
<strong>da</strong> demokratiul principebTan er-<br />
Tad) an rusuli transkrifciiT ixmareba.<br />
asea Tu ise, Cvengan gansxvavebiT,<br />
ramdenime aseuli, rogorc<br />
axla amboben, `cnobadi~ konformistis<br />
gamo, polonelebs umadurad ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>uviwyniaT aTobiT aTasi a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />
romlebic ori saukunis ganmavloba-<br />
Si im idealebs amkvidrebdnen, risac<br />
Tavad swam<strong>da</strong>T. poloneTSi marTlac<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong> dRemde aris _ kaTolikuri<br />
inteligencia, liberaluri inteligencia,<br />
nacionalisturi <strong>da</strong> Sereuli<br />
tipis kidev sxva (periodebis<br />
mixedviT) inteligencia, <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
roli ama Tu im xanis movlenebis<br />
warmarTvaSi Zalian mniSvnelovania.<br />
poloneTSi, bevri sxva qveynisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, masonuri organizaciebic<br />
ki erovnul elfers<br />
atareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> antirusul revoluciur<br />
moZraobaSi saintereso rols<br />
TamaSobdnen. mecxramete saukunis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisSi maiorma lukasianskim<br />
`Tavisufali erovnuli masonobis~<br />
sazogadoeba <strong>da</strong>aarsa. masonobis<br />
simboluri niSnebic gaerovnulebuli<br />
iyo: hirami _ <strong>da</strong>qucmacebuli<br />
poloneTi iyo, misi sami mkvleli _<br />
avstriis, prusiis <strong>da</strong> ruseTis monarqebi,<br />
romlebmac is <strong>da</strong>inawiles,<br />
Svilebi _ revolucioneri poloneli<br />
masonebi. rusi dekabristebis<br />
SeTqmuleba rom gamoaSkarav<strong>da</strong>, maT-<br />
Tan urTierTobaSi myofi poloneli<br />
masonebic <strong>da</strong>apatimres. Tumca, poloneTis<br />
seimma isini samxedro <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebad<br />
ki ar cno, konstituciis<br />
Tanaxmad, saidumlo organizaciis<br />
wevrobisTvis gaasamarTla <strong>da</strong> msubuqad<br />
<strong>da</strong>saja, ris gamoc, nikoloz<br />
I-sgan Seirisxa. Tumca, es is konstitucia<br />
ar iyo, romliTac polonelebi<br />
ase amayoben.<br />
pirveli polonuri konstitucia<br />
1791 wlis 3 maiss miiRes, safrangeTze<br />
naxevari wliT adre <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />
is evropis yvelaze Zvel<br />
konstituciad iTvleba, rac absoluturi<br />
monarqiebiT garSemortymuli<br />
qveynisTvis progresul momentad<br />
miiCneva. magram ori wlis<br />
Semdeg qveyanas amave monarqiebma<br />
mouRes bolo _ samwuxarod, polonelive<br />
magnatebis <strong>da</strong> umsxvilesi<br />
miwaTmflobelebis xelSewyobiT.<br />
nacionalisturi inteligenciis<br />
bevri warmomadgeneli 40-iani wlebis<br />
bolos memarjvene nacionaluklonizmSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>naSaules <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>apatimres. 1956 wels poznanis mu-<br />
SaTa ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg maTi<br />
roli uaRresad Semcir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> win wamoiwia<br />
kaTolikurma inteligenciam,<br />
romlis gavlena mas Semdeg Zveleburad<br />
Zlieria. <strong>da</strong> Tuki perioduli<br />
ukan <strong>da</strong>xeva mainc arsebob<strong>da</strong>,<br />
`soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCis~ wlebSi, saidumlo<br />
samsaxurebis mier gavleniani inteleqtualis,<br />
qsenZ eJi pepeliuSkos<br />
sadisturi mkvlelobis Semdeg mox<strong>da</strong><br />
is, rom polonuri kapitalizmis<br />
ideebma socializmis ideebi mkve-<br />
Trad Caanacvla <strong>da</strong> es suraTi mas<br />
Semdeg di<strong>da</strong>d aRarc Secvlila.<br />
Tavisufali, stiqiuri<br />
poloneTi<br />
mudmivi oponirebis Tu Ria <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, polonuri<br />
kultura yovelTvis, yvelaze<br />
mZafri konfrontaciis periodeb-<br />
Sic ki Ria iyo yovelive saukeTe-
sos mimarT, rac ruseTSi iqmnebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
legen<strong>da</strong>rul 80-ian wlebSic ki<br />
poloneTi, rusuli dramaturgiis<br />
inscenirebis mxriv, msoflioSi<br />
pirvel adgilze idga. es im Tavisuflebis<br />
erT-erTi gamovlineba iyo,<br />
romelsac kaTolikuri, tradiciuli<br />
poloneTi xorcs asxam<strong>da</strong> xelovnebaSi<br />
_ tradiciuli meamboxeobis<br />
meore saxe. ise<strong>da</strong>c, eklesiuroba<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove polonuri xelovnebis<br />
Tavawyvetili niWiereba (masSi<br />
kaTolike qristianis gansjac bevria<br />
<strong>da</strong> religiurobisgan <strong>da</strong>clili<br />
`eresic~) am qveyanaSi erTmaneTis<br />
gverdigverd uproblemod Tanaarsebob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
es kargad Cans polonuri<br />
warmoSobis erTi amerikeli kritikosis<br />
werilSi, roca is wers eJi<br />
grotovskize, rogorc polonuri<br />
xasiaTis stiqiur, dionisur gamovlinebaze<br />
_ rom arsebobs sxva<br />
grotovskic, privatuli, formalurobis<br />
niSnebCamocilebuli.<br />
pirveli dro<strong>da</strong>dro mickeviCis <strong>da</strong><br />
Sopenis maRal romantikul tradiciis<br />
elementebs amJRavnebs; magram<br />
arsebobs polonelis meore tipic,<br />
romelsac grotovski sakuTar Tav-<br />
Si atareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelic aranakleb<br />
istoria<br />
stereotipulia _ bneli, saeWvo,<br />
konspiratori, kontrabandisti <strong>da</strong><br />
maqinatori, iseTi, germaniis sarkinigzo<br />
sadgurebis <strong>da</strong> mdidruli<br />
sastumroebis mi<strong>da</strong>moebSi rom<br />
trialebdnen <strong>da</strong> gulSi Savbnel<br />
zraxvebs atareben. personaJi, romelic<br />
Seqspiris <strong>da</strong> Jan Jenes kalamTa<br />
TanamSromlobiT SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong><br />
Seqmniliyo; SesaZloa, dostoevskiseuli<br />
personaJi. albaT amitom gamovi<strong>da</strong><br />
vai<strong>da</strong>s `avsulebi~ rusulze<br />
bevrad ufro rusuli filmi.<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 89<br />
poloneTi, varSava, 1944 poloneli marSali jozef pilsudski, varSava 1926<br />
axali arqiepiskoposi iozef kovalCiki samgloviaro ceremonialze, poloneTi, varSava, 17 aprili 2010<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 43
istoria<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />
44 cxeli Sokoladi
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Canawerebi<br />
TadeuS kantori _ reJisori, reformatori <strong>da</strong> winaswarmetyveli<br />
avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />
misi warmodgenebi cu<strong>da</strong>d momarTuli<br />
manekenebis, groteskulad metyveli<br />
Tojinebisa <strong>da</strong> mkvdreTiT aRmdgari a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
droebiT zeims waagavs. TiTqos<br />
amqveyniuri vnebebisTvis adgili aRar<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCaT. odnav ganaTebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianimanekenebi,<br />
aqromatulad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili<br />
scenografia <strong>da</strong> sagangebod ariTmiuli,<br />
texili reJisura <strong>da</strong>mcinavi sikvdilis<br />
mniSvnelobas gvamcnobs: minoruli valsis<br />
TanxlebiT, magram maJoruli epitafiiT.<br />
misi gamomwvevi, magram siaxlis Segr-<br />
ZnebiT gamorCeuli sasceno esTetika<br />
meoce saukunis xelovnebis istoriaSi<br />
`sikvdilis Teatris~ saxelwodebiT Sevi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tumca mudmivi TviTganaxlebis surviliT<br />
aRbeWdili eqsperimentebi xSirad<br />
gamx<strong>da</strong>ra mZafri kritikis sagani. vizualur<br />
xelovnebasTan nazavi misi hefeningebi<br />
jer kidev 40-50-ian wlebSi krakovSi,<br />
aRmosavleT evropis `mcire Teatralur<br />
renesanss~ moaswaveb<strong>da</strong>; xolo 70-ian wlebSi<br />
ganxorcielebuli speqtaklebi (msaxiobis<br />
gancdisa <strong>da</strong> eqspresiis gareSe,<br />
rasac xSirad `nulovan Teatrsac~ uwodeben),<br />
tradiciul dramaturgiasa <strong>da</strong><br />
klasikur Teatrs SeCveuli publikisa-<br />
Tvis marTlac Sokis momgvreli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />
gamomwvevad nonkonformistuli, vizualurad<br />
uCveulo <strong>da</strong> ideologiisgan<br />
Tavisufali warmodgenebi, krakovis Teatr<br />
`kriko 2~-Si Seiqmna, romelTa avtoria<br />
evropuli Teatris erT-erT udidesi<br />
eqsperimentatori, aRiarebuli poloneli<br />
reJisori, mxatvari <strong>da</strong> scenografi<br />
TadeuS kantori. meore msoflio omis<br />
Semdeg Tavisi mravalricxovani performansebiT<br />
man erT-erTma pirvelma uaryo<br />
klasikuri Teatris ena, amxila misi yalbi<br />
pompezuroba <strong>da</strong> gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />
siRaribe. Sesabamisad, Secvala Teatrisa-<br />
istoria<br />
dmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, misi socialuri <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturuli mniSvneloba.<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~,<br />
rogorc politikuri mexsiereba<br />
ratom TadeuS kantori <strong>da</strong> ratom swored<br />
dRes? iseTi didi Teatraluri tradiciebiT<br />
mdi<strong>da</strong>r qveyanaSi, rogoric poloneTia,<br />
sxva saxelovani reJisorebic<br />
mravlad iyvnen <strong>da</strong> arian: eJi grotovski,<br />
anjei vai<strong>da</strong>, konrad Svinarski, iozef Saina,<br />
kristian lupa... Tumca, Cemi azriT,<br />
am kiTxvaze pasuxi sabediswero politikuri<br />
SemTxveviTobisa <strong>da</strong> didi xelovnebis<br />
idumal kavSirSi un<strong>da</strong> veZioT. ufro<br />
konkretulad ki 1975 wels, kantoris<br />
mier krakovSi <strong>da</strong>dgmuli `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasisa~<br />
<strong>da</strong> 2010 wlis 10 aprils, smolenskSi<br />
Camovardnili TviTmfrinavis tragikul<br />
<strong>da</strong> paradoqsul ga<strong>da</strong>ZaxilSi. luis bunueli<br />
xSirad ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom xelovneba<br />
uswrebs cxovrebas...<br />
1975 wels (<strong>da</strong>axloebiT im dros, rodesac<br />
robert sturuam `kavkasiuri carcis<br />
wre~ <strong>da</strong>dga) TadeuS kantorma krakovSi,<br />
mis mierve <strong>da</strong>arsebul TeatrSi, saxelwodebiT<br />
`kriko 2~, pirvelad uCvena speqtakli<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~. maSin veravin ifiqreb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom patara, nacrisfer saklaso<br />
oTaxSi gamomwyvdeuli, meore msoflio<br />
omis dros gar<strong>da</strong>cvlili <strong>da</strong> reJisoris<br />
fantaziiT gacocxlebuli es ucnauri<br />
personaJebi _ bavSvebi, moxucebi, qvrivebi,<br />
samxedroebi, ebraelebi, mlocvelebi,<br />
pensionerebi, xelmocaruli axalgazrdebi<br />
Tu araerotikulad momlodine qalebi<br />
didi Teatraluri misteriis nawilad<br />
iqceodnen. iseve, rogorc veravin warmoidgen<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom 2010 wels aviakatastrofaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>Rupuli poloneTis politikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> samxedro elitis <strong>da</strong>krZalvis ceremonia<br />
lamis `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Teatralur<br />
metaforas <strong>da</strong>emsgavsebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 45
istoria<br />
ase ucnaurad, sabediswerod <strong>da</strong><br />
moulodnelad gaeriTma erTmaneTs<br />
didi reJisoris mxatvruli gamonagoni<br />
<strong>da</strong> dRevandeli politikuri<br />
realoba; meore msoflio omis STabeWdilebebiT<br />
nakvebi Teatraluri<br />
xilvebi <strong>da</strong> amave omSi, katinis<br />
maxloblad <strong>da</strong>Rupuli poloneli<br />
oficrebis ZebnaSi <strong>da</strong>ferflili<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebis sicocxle; gar<strong>da</strong>suli<br />
Teatraluri sigiJe <strong>da</strong> dRevandeli<br />
politikuri cinizmi. TadeuS kantorma<br />
lamis winaswarmetyveliviT<br />
<strong>da</strong>asabuTa, rom Teatris efemeruli,<br />
warmavali <strong>da</strong> sizmariviT naqsovi samyaro<br />
mudmivad waagavs sikvdilTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> aCrdilebTan TamaSs; maSinac ki,<br />
rodesac am TamaSSi yovlisSemZle<br />
`kgb~ TiTqmis ar monawileobs.<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~ dRes ara mxolod<br />
Teatris brwyinvale warsuls<br />
asaxavs, aramed am warsuli<strong>da</strong>n gadmoyolil<br />
politikur mexsierebasac<br />
ufrTxildeba. poloneTis<br />
erovnul kompleqsebs, patriotul<br />
siamayes Tu aracnobier SiSebs Ti-<br />
46 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
Tqmis yovelTvis gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong><br />
or didi qveynis _ germaniisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ruseTis mezobloba. <strong>da</strong> ar aris<br />
gasakviri, rom TadeuS kantoric<br />
am socialur-politikuri velis<br />
`kulturuli~ tyvea. miT umetes,<br />
rom is galiciaSi, patara qalaq velopoleSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>, romelic 1916<br />
wels jer kidev ruseTis imperias<br />
ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>.<br />
sagnebi <strong>da</strong> msaxiobebi<br />
kantori krakovis samxatvro<br />
akademiaSi, scenografiis fakultetze<br />
swavlob<strong>da</strong>. jer kidev studentobisas<br />
germanuli eqspresionizmisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> arqiteqturis (kerZod,<br />
`bauhauzis~) gavleniT, samxatvro<br />
akademiis scenaze meterlinkis simbolisturi<br />
piesebi <strong>da</strong>dga, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
personaJebi marionetul figurebad<br />
aqcia. amdenad, maSinve gamoikveTa<br />
misi interesebi TeatrSi _<br />
mxatvrobis aqcentireba, scenografiis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong><br />
performansi.<br />
misi kritikuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
tradiciuli Teatrisadmi meore<br />
msoflio omma <strong>da</strong> totalurma ngrevam<br />
kidev ufro gaamZafra. germanuli<br />
okupaciis pirobebSi kantori<br />
dgams slovackis `baladinas~ (1942)<br />
<strong>da</strong> vispianskis `odisevsis <strong>da</strong>brunebas~<br />
(1943). am warmodgenebSi sagnebma<br />
ukve ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mxatvruli<br />
mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> didi masStabi Sei-<br />
Zina. mis warmodgenebSi Cndeba bibliuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> absurduli aluziebi,<br />
omiT <strong>da</strong>saxiCrebuli evropis metafizikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> pesimisturi teqstebi,<br />
SeSlilTa leqsebi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cvlil-<br />
Ta gamocxadebebi, <strong>da</strong> es yvelaferi<br />
sagnebisa <strong>da</strong> dekoraciis mniSvnelobis<br />
fonze; radgan, kantoris<br />
azriT, `sagnebi msaxiobebTan erTad<br />
Tanabrad inawileben <strong>da</strong> gansazRvraven<br />
warmodgenis mniSvnelobas~.<br />
eqsperimentuli xelovnebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
scenografiis siRrmiseulma Seswavlam<br />
Tavisi kvali <strong>da</strong>aCnia krakovis<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebel TeatrSi <strong>da</strong>dgmul<br />
warmodgenebsac. kantoris idea
`sagani-msaxiobi~ srula<strong>da</strong>a realizebuli<br />
`odisevsis <strong>da</strong>brunebaSi~,<br />
romelic naxevrad <strong>da</strong>ngreul SenobaSi<br />
TamaSdeba. rekviziti mxolod<br />
meore msoflio omis droindeli<br />
realuri nivTebia, romelic TiTqmis<br />
`erwymis~ msaxiobis TamaSsa <strong>da</strong><br />
mis saarsebo sivrces. Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mogvianebiT,<br />
50-ian wlebSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> `simbiozis~<br />
idea, rac, kantoris azriT,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> sagnis urTierTobaSi<br />
axal etaps moaswavebs. magaliTad<br />
personaJi, romelic scenaze mudmivad<br />
TojiniT Semodis, rac mis axalgazrdobas<br />
aRniSnavs. an a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
karadiT, a<strong>da</strong>miani skamiT, a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
sabavSvo etliT <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
Teatr `kriko 2~-is <strong>da</strong>badeba TadeuS<br />
kantoris mier 50-ian wlebSi<br />
ganxorcielebuli mravalricxovani<br />
eqsperimentebis logikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>sasruli iyo. performansi saxelwodebiT<br />
`TamaSebi vitkeviCTan~<br />
(1956) mweral stanislav vitkeviCis<br />
scenuri xatebis Teatris simbolod<br />
iqca, romelsac mogvianebiT<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri Teatri~ uwo<strong>da</strong>. es yvelaferi<br />
stalinis sikvdilisa <strong>da</strong><br />
polonuri `ottepelis~ periodSi<br />
xdeba, roca mas ukve legalurad<br />
mieca saSualeba, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
emuSava, Tanac _ yovelgvari cenzuris<br />
gareSe.<br />
ukve 60-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>savleT<br />
evropam misi obieqtebi, instalaciebi<br />
Tu hefeningebi aRmoaCina:<br />
`patara mamuli~ (1962), `SeSlili<br />
<strong>da</strong> monazoni (1963), `wylis qaTami~<br />
(1967), `lamazebi <strong>da</strong> maxinjebi~<br />
(1970), rac informaciuli TvalsazrisiT<br />
mniSvnelovani garRveva<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. Tumca, kulturul sabWoeTs<br />
didi polonelis arc erTi<br />
speqtakli ar unaxavs _ arc Zveli<br />
<strong>da</strong> arc axali... mxolod erTxel,<br />
didi xnis win `sabWoTa xelovneba-<br />
Si~ wavikiTxe baton no<strong>da</strong>r gurabaniZis<br />
vrceli werili kantorze,<br />
romlis yvelaze didi speqtakli<br />
_ `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~ mas edinburgis<br />
saerTaSoriso Teatralur festivalze<br />
enaxa.<br />
istoria<br />
80-iani wlebis bolos ukve asakovani<br />
TadeuS kantori xelmZRvanelobs<br />
milanSi gamarTul dramatuli xelovnebis<br />
seminars, romelSic misi Teatris<br />
Tayvanismcemlebi, reJisorebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> msaxiobebi monawileoben. <strong>da</strong>swreba<br />
SezRudulia, radgan kantori sakmaod<br />
Caketili <strong>da</strong> idumali pirovneba<br />
iyo. albaT, amiTac un<strong>da</strong> aixsnas misi<br />
iSviaTi gamoCena teleekranze, iseve _<br />
rogorc sakmaod SezRuduli <strong>da</strong> limitirebuli<br />
urTierToba presasTan.<br />
seminaris <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg, gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebamde<br />
ramdenime TviT adre<br />
(kantori 1990 wels gar<strong>da</strong>icvala)<br />
aqveynebs wigns saxelwodebiT `milanis<br />
seminari~, romelSic Tormeti<br />
Cawerili leqciaa Tanamedrove Teatris<br />
Sesaxeb. es, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,<br />
unikaluri wignia ara<br />
marto sxarti <strong>da</strong> uSualo eniT, aramed<br />
avtoris <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT Teatrisadmi<br />
<strong>da</strong> movlenebis gadmocemis<br />
iSviaTi eqspresiiT. es faqtobrivad<br />
erTaderTi wignia, sa<strong>da</strong>c meoce<br />
saukunis erT-erTi didi reJisori<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 47
istoria<br />
qaosurad, magram SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad<br />
zustad ayalibebs sakuTar Teorias<br />
Tanamedrove Teatris Sesaxeb.<br />
fragmentebi wigni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
`milanis seminari~<br />
msurs magiuri sityviT _ `Seswavla~,<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyo. ar mrcxvenia am sityvis<br />
warmoTqma 71 wlis asakSic,<br />
radgan yovelTvis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n viwyebdi<br />
<strong>da</strong> es niSnavs, rom vswavlobdi.<br />
ferwerac im droi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>viwye,<br />
roca pirvelad aRmovaCine, rom<br />
didi franguli mxatvroba arsebobs.<br />
magram poloneTSi amis naxva<br />
SeuZlebeli iyo, amitom klasikosebis<br />
gacnobas wignebiT <strong>da</strong> reproduqciebiT<br />
Sevudeqi.<br />
es ar yofila arc saskolo <strong>da</strong>valeba,<br />
arc iZulebiT momzadebuli<br />
gakveTilebi, radgan yvelaze metad<br />
warmosaxva mexmarebo<strong>da</strong>. warmosaxva<br />
ki yovelTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania.<br />
maxsovs, pirveli realuri Sexvedra<br />
frangul ferwerasTan 1947<br />
48 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
wels Sedga, magram es is ar iyo, rasac<br />
velodi. ufro zustad, es materialuri<br />
SegrZnebebis gamoc<strong>da</strong>s<br />
hgav<strong>da</strong>, romelsac araferi aqvs<br />
saerTo warmosaxvasTan. <strong>da</strong> amis Semdeg<br />
reJisuraSic <strong>da</strong> Semoqmedeba-<br />
Sic yovelTvis warmosaxvas varCev.<br />
Semoqmedeba pirvel rigSi saku-<br />
Tari Tavis aRmoCenas hgavs. es<br />
Taviseburi mogzaurobaa, Seswavla,<br />
axali teritoriebis gacnoba.<br />
rodesac ggonia, rom raRacas mia-<br />
Rwie, mizans kidev ufro Sordebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sadRac, ukan auTvisebeli miwebi<br />
rCeba... xelovneba swored ase warmomidgenia:<br />
rac ufro uaxlovdebi,<br />
miT ufro gSordeba.<br />
arc vici, rogor aRvwero saku-<br />
Tari SegrZnebebi ise, rom warsul-<br />
Si ar <strong>da</strong>vrCe <strong>da</strong> naambobi utopia ar<br />
gamovides, magram Sevecdebi...<br />
warsuli yovelTvis axali ku-<br />
TxiT warmogvidgeba <strong>da</strong> mudmivad<br />
pulsirebs awmyoSi. asea TeatrSic.<br />
rom gaigo misi buneba, mTlianad<br />
xelovneba un<strong>da</strong> moicva, radgan<br />
Teatris arsi mravalferovnebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> drois ganfenilobaSia. gamocalkeveba<br />
<strong>da</strong>marcxebas niSnavs,<br />
ufro zustad es partikularizmia.<br />
sinamdvileSi, Teatrs ar gaaCnia<br />
sakuTari sayrdeni wertili, radgan<br />
literaturas, dramas, arqiteqturas,<br />
saxviT xelovnebas, cekvas,<br />
plastikas, musikas efuZneba. es<br />
yovelive Teatris pirveladi materiaa,<br />
proto-materia, gansakuTrebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> mravalferovani.<br />
amis gaazreba gagviadvilebs Tanamedrove<br />
xelovnebis Seswavlas <strong>da</strong><br />
Teatris Tanamedrove mniSvnelobis<br />
gagebas. Tumca sinamdvileSi yvelaze<br />
didi problema swored amis<br />
Semdeg dgeba _ rogor movaxdinoT<br />
abstraqcia? es iSviaTi movlenaa<br />
TeatrSi <strong>da</strong> pirvelad `bauhauzis~<br />
abstraqtul stilSi, oskar Slemeris<br />
TeatrSi moxerx<strong>da</strong>.<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 92
istoria<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 49
istoria<br />
Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi<br />
RAF dich auf!<br />
avtori: ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />
interviu Cawerilia 1970 wels.<br />
ulrike mainhofi 36 wlisaa. mas ori<br />
Svili hyavs, romlebsac marto zrdis.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Rlilia, wvalobs. intervius<br />
dros xelebs ver aCerebs, papiross<br />
atrialebs, nivTebs aadgilebs.<br />
ulrike TavCaRunuli laparakobs,<br />
xan<strong>da</strong>xan Tu amoxe<strong>da</strong>vs xolme kameras.<br />
garegnulad? ra vici. magram er-<br />
Txel Tu naxeT, ar <strong>da</strong>gaviwydebaT.<br />
Tema aris bavSvTa aRzr<strong>da</strong>, ojaxis<br />
roli a<strong>da</strong>mianis cxovrebaSi, rogoria,<br />
roca politikuri moRvawe xar<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tan Svilebs un<strong>da</strong> mixedo. ulrike<br />
pasuxobs:<br />
50 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
`Znelia... Zalian Znelia... uaRresad<br />
Znelia~...<br />
ramdenime Tvis Semdeg ulrike mainhofma<br />
Tavisi Svilebi miatova.<br />
yvelaze kargad ulrike mainhofis<br />
fenomeni laSa baqraZem amixsna. bolos<br />
filmi vnaxe, `baader-mainhofis<br />
kompleqsi~, <strong>da</strong> laSas SevCivle, rom<br />
veRaraferi gamigia. ra grZnobebs<br />
aRZravs CemSi es qali? _ siZulvils?<br />
aRtacebas? ulrikes gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
mravali wlis Semdeg misi samSoblo<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Zalian Sors, sul sxva kulturis<br />
Svili, sul sxva biografiis<br />
mqone Zalian xSirad vfiqrob masze<br />
_ qalze, romelze mniSvnelovani<br />
Jurnalistic germanias meore msoflio<br />
omis Semdeg albaT arc hyolia.<br />
vgoneb, masze ukeT wera aravis<br />
SeeZlo. misi narkvevebi <strong>da</strong> analitikuri<br />
statiebi dResac saukeTeso<br />
ramaa, rac im wlebis Sesaxeb wamikiTxavs.<br />
misi teqstebi marwmunebs,<br />
rom usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg br-<br />
Zola aucilebelia _ <strong>da</strong> kidev er-<br />
Txel maCvenebs, rom amis gambe<strong>da</strong>oba<br />
<strong>da</strong> unari ar myofnis. amave dros is,<br />
Cemi ulrike mainhofi, iyo teroristi.<br />
mkvleli. me ki mainc Zalian min-
<strong>da</strong>, iseTi gavxde, rogoric ulrike<br />
mainhofi iyo.<br />
samarcxvino mdgomareobaa.<br />
qalbatoni ulrike mainhofi<br />
axlac Zalian saxifaTo qali gaxlavT.<br />
<strong>da</strong> ai, laSa baqraZem amixsna, rom<br />
es sworia. rom RAF-is <strong>da</strong> ulrikes<br />
calsaxa Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. man<br />
miTxra, rom ulrike mainhofi rom<br />
ara, RAF ar iarsebeb<strong>da</strong>, xolo RAF<br />
rom ara, dRevandeli germania <strong>da</strong>,<br />
garkveulwilad, dRevandeli evropa<br />
aseTi ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong>; rom mu<strong>da</strong>m<br />
un<strong>da</strong> arsebobdes Zala, romelsac,<br />
protestTan erTad, winaaRmdegobis<br />
unaric aqvs.<br />
ulrike maria mainhofi<br />
protesti<strong>da</strong>n winaaRmdegobamde<br />
`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa <strong>da</strong><br />
es ar mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi<br />
ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas<br />
wyvets. protesti: vacxadeb, rom<br />
morCa, me amaSi aRar vmonawileob.<br />
winaaRmdegoba: me viqcevi ise, rom<br />
amaSi aRaravin miiRebs monawileobas~.<br />
wels, TebervalSi vietnamisadmi<br />
miZRvnil konferenciaze, berlinSi<br />
erTma Savkanianma amerikelma,<br />
moZraoba Black Power-is warmomadgenelma<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT es Tqva _ sityvasityviT<br />
ar maxsovs.<br />
studentebi sulac ar `awyoben<br />
ajanyebas~, isini winaaRmdegobas<br />
swavloben. diax, qvebs isrodnen,<br />
diax, berlinSi Springeris koncernis<br />
Senobis fanjrebi <strong>da</strong>imsxvra.<br />
manqanebi aal<strong>da</strong>, `bild caitungis~<br />
erT-erTi re<strong>da</strong>qcia <strong>da</strong>zaral<strong>da</strong>,<br />
saburavebi <strong>da</strong>iglija, satransporto<br />
moZraoba paralizebuli iyo,<br />
satvirTo manqanebi ga<strong>da</strong>ayiraves,<br />
policielebis jaWvebi gaarRvies<br />
_ diax, Zalas mimarTes, fizikur<br />
Zalmomreobas. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa,<br />
Springeris presis gamosvlas xeli<br />
veraferma SeuSala, quCis moZraoba<br />
ramdenime saaTSi ganaxl<strong>da</strong>. fanjrebis<br />
fuls sa<strong>da</strong>zRvevo kompaniebi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ixdian. <strong>da</strong>mwvari satvirTo<br />
manqanebis nacvlad, quCebSi <strong>sxvebi</strong><br />
gamovlen. policia wylis Wavls<br />
kvlav gamoiyenebs, iseve, rogorc<br />
rezinis xeljoxebi ar mogvakldeba.<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, is, rac mox<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba<br />
kvlav ganmeordes: Springeris presa<br />
kvlav gaafTrebul devnas ganagr-<br />
Zobs, klaus Sulci kvlav mogviwodebs,<br />
rom `am subieqtebs TvalebSi<br />
CavxedoT~ <strong>da</strong> _ modiT, viyoT Tanmimdevrulni<br />
_ vurtyaT (rac 21 Tebervals<br />
ukve mox<strong>da</strong>) <strong>da</strong>, sabolood,<br />
vesroloT.<br />
sityvier protestsa <strong>da</strong> fizikur<br />
winaaRmdegobas Soris zRvari saaRdgomod<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ilaxa, rudi duCkeze<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli demonstraciebis<br />
dros. es pirvelad<br />
mox<strong>da</strong> masobrivad <strong>da</strong> ara calkeuli<br />
pirovnebebis mier, ramdenime dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong> sayovelTaod, <strong>da</strong><br />
aramarto berlinSi, praqtikulad<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara simbolurad. Tu 2 ivnisis<br />
mere Springeris gazeTebs wvavdnen,<br />
axla cdiloben, maT gavrcelebas<br />
xeli SeuSalon. 2 ivniss mxolod<br />
pomidvrebs <strong>da</strong> laye kvercxebs isrodnen<br />
_ axla qvebs isvrian. TebervalSi<br />
mxiaruli <strong>da</strong> sasacilo filmi<br />
aCvenes imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor<br />
keTdeba `molotovis koqteili~ _<br />
axla ki koqteilis boTlebi marTla<br />
abrial<strong>da</strong>. protestsa <strong>da</strong> winaaRmdegobas<br />
Soris sazRvari ga<strong>da</strong>ilaxa,<br />
`imisTvis, rom<br />
TavianTi sayvareli<br />
firma, `simSvide &<br />
wesrigi~ SeinarCunon,<br />
erTaderTi saSualeba<br />
arsebobs: Springeris<br />
eqspropriacia.<br />
Cven aRar vxumrobT.<br />
protesti: vacxadeb,<br />
rom esa <strong>da</strong> es ar<br />
mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba:<br />
viqcevi ise, rom rac<br />
ar mawyobs, arsebobas<br />
wyvets~.<br />
istoria<br />
Tumca araefeqturad. <strong>da</strong> mainc, is,<br />
rac mox<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba kvlav ganmeordes,<br />
ZalTa Tanafardoba ar Secvlila.<br />
winaaRmdegoba viswavleT.<br />
magram Zalauflebis poziciebi ver<br />
<strong>da</strong>vipyariT. maS, SeiZleba Tu ara<br />
momx<strong>da</strong>rs uazro, teroristuli,<br />
apolitikuri, uZluri Zaladoba<br />
vuwodoT?<br />
modiT, yvelafers Tavisi saxeli<br />
<strong>da</strong>varqvaT. ra surs politikur Zalauflebas?<br />
Zalauflebas, romelic<br />
gmobs qvebis msrolel demonstrantebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> cecxlis gaCenas <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
Springeris gaafTrebul propagan<strong>da</strong>s,<br />
vietnamis <strong>da</strong>bombvas, iranSi gamefebul<br />
terors, samxreT afrikis<br />
respublikaSi miRebul wamebas. Zalauflebas,<br />
romelsac _ kanonis Tanaxmad<br />
_ Springeris eqspropriacia<br />
SeuZlia, magram amis nacvlad `koalicias~<br />
qmnis. Zalauflebas, romelsac<br />
masmediiT SeuZlia mohyves<br />
simarTles `bildis~ <strong>da</strong> `berliner<br />
caitungis~ Sesaxeb, magram amis nacvlad<br />
studentebis Sesaxeb cru<br />
ambebs avrcelebs. im Zalauflebas,<br />
romelic TvalTmaqcurad gmobs<br />
Zaladobas <strong>da</strong> `ormagi stan<strong>da</strong>rtis~<br />
momxrea, romelic swored imisken<br />
miiswrafvis, rac Cven, am dReebSi<br />
quCaSi qvebiT Tu uqvebod gasulebs,<br />
sul ar gvin<strong>da</strong>: CvenTvis uZluri,<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblobas moklebuli masebis<br />
bedis Tavze moxveva, CvenTvis<br />
aravisTvis saSiSi opoziciis rolis<br />
Tavze moxveva, CvenTvis bavSvuri<br />
demokratiuli TamaSebis Tavze moxveva<br />
<strong>da</strong> imis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba, rom Cveni<br />
bedi esaa. xolo Tu saqme seriozul<br />
saxes miiRebs, es Zalaufleba sagangebo<br />
mdgomareobasac mogvaxvevs<br />
Tavze.<br />
jonsoni, romelmac martin lu-<br />
Ter kingi erovnul gmirad gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>,<br />
kisingeri, romelmac telefoniT<br />
gamoxata TanagrZnoba<br />
duCkeze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis gamo _ oriveni<br />
Zaladobis sistemis wamomadgenlebi<br />
arian, sistemisa, romlis winaaRmdegac<br />
gamodiodnen kingic <strong>da</strong><br />
duCkec, Zaladobis sistemisa, romelmac<br />
Sva Springeric <strong>da</strong> vietnamis<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 51
istoria<br />
omic. amitom arc jonsons <strong>da</strong> arc<br />
kisingers ara aqvT arc moraluri<br />
<strong>da</strong> arc politikuri ufleba, studentebis<br />
winaaRmdegoba gakicxon.<br />
kvlav: yvelafers Tavisi saxeli<br />
<strong>da</strong>varqvaT. dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli,<br />
rom CvenTan, dRisiTmzisiT,<br />
ubralod viRacam viRac ki<br />
ar <strong>da</strong>xvrita, aramed inteligenciis<br />
protesti masebis gasulelebis winaaRmdeg<br />
seriozulad iyo Seswavlili<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaanalizebuli Springeris<br />
koncernis mier _ <strong>da</strong> koncernma<br />
zomebi miiRo, rom isini, vinc gasulelebis<br />
kampaniis winaaRmdeg<br />
gamodian, gamoacxados RvTis mowinaaRmdege<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebad, subieqtebad,<br />
romlebic viTom<strong>da</strong> yovelTvis<br />
yvelafris winaaRmdegni arian.<br />
dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli,<br />
rom biurgeruli firma `Cveulebebi<br />
& kargi manerebi~ borkilebia<br />
<strong>da</strong> es borkilebi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>imsxvres, Tuki Seborkilebis<br />
cema <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xvreta <strong>da</strong>iwyeba. dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli, rom am<br />
qveyanaSi kidev arseboben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />
romlebic ara marto gulis<br />
siRrmeSi ar emxrobian <strong>da</strong> kicxaven<br />
terors <strong>da</strong> Zaladobas, aramed<br />
mzad arian, Tavze xeli aiRon <strong>da</strong><br />
es xmamaRla Tqvan, <strong>da</strong> maT veravin<br />
SeaSinebs; anu, arseboben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />
romlebsac winaaRmdegobis<br />
gawevis unari SeswevT <strong>da</strong> SeuZliaT<br />
yvelas aCvenon, rom is, rac aqamde<br />
xdebo<strong>da</strong>, ase veRar gagrZeldeba.<br />
52 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli,<br />
rom sikvdilis propagan<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebisTvis<br />
saSiSia, <strong>da</strong> amitom<br />
sazogadoebaSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> Zalebi,<br />
romlebic mzad arian, sasaklaoze<br />
uari Tqvan. dokumenturad <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulia,<br />
rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis sicocxle<br />
bevrad Zvirfasia, vidre fanjris<br />
minebi <strong>da</strong> manqanebi, rogorc<br />
Springeris koncernis satvirTo<br />
manqanebi, aseve demonstrantebis<br />
avtomobilebi, romlebic berlinSi<br />
Springeris gamomcemlobis Senobis<br />
blokadis moxsnis aqciis dros<br />
policiam <strong>da</strong>amtvria <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>aziana.<br />
dokumenturad <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulia,<br />
rom sazogadoebaSi, rogorc iqna,<br />
gamoCndnen Zalebi, romlebic mzad<br />
arian ara marto autanels autaneli<br />
uwodon, aramed Springeris <strong>da</strong><br />
misi msaxurebis ganiaraRebis procesis<br />
organizebac SeZlon. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me,<br />
imis demonstrireba mox<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom Cvens gankargulebaSi arsebobs<br />
sxva saSualebebic, ufro efeqturi,<br />
vidre is, ramac Tavisi uZlureba<br />
ukve <strong>da</strong>amtkica (vgulisxmob<br />
demonstraciebs, protestebs,<br />
Springeris saqmis mosmenebs <strong>da</strong> a.S.)<br />
_ Tuki rudi duCkeze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba ver SeZlo.<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, vinai<strong>da</strong>n borkilebi<br />
firmisa `simSvide & wesrigi~ ukve<br />
<strong>da</strong>msxvreulia (Tavad Zalauflebis<br />
mier), Cven SegviZlia <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyoT axali diskusia Zaladobis<br />
<strong>da</strong> sapasuxo Zaladobis Sesa-<br />
xeb. sapasuxo Zaladoba im formiT,<br />
ra formiTac is saaRdgomod ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ar aris gankuTvnili<br />
imisTvis, rom (opoziciuri Zalebis)<br />
simpaTia gamoiwvios, arasaparlamento<br />
opoziciis mxareze ga<strong>da</strong>iyvanos<br />
samTavrobo ZaladobiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>Sinebuli liberalebi. sapasuxo<br />
Zaladoba un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>iqces iseT Zaladobad,<br />
romelic policiuri Zaladobis<br />
Sesatyvisia, Zaladobad,<br />
romelSic gaTvla Secvlis uZlur<br />
risxvas, Zaladobad, romelic policiis<br />
SeiaraRebul, saomar Zalad<br />
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, aseve<br />
SeiaraRebuli, saomari saSualebebiT<br />
gascems pasuxs. istabliSmenti,<br />
`mmarTveli wre~ un<strong>da</strong> vaiZuloT<br />
rudisTan molaparakeba awarmoos<br />
_ ise, rom mTavroba, saparlamento<br />
partiebi <strong>da</strong> kavSirebi mixvdnen:<br />
imisTvis, rom TavianTi sayvareli<br />
firma, `simSvide & wesrigi~ Seinar-<br />
Cunon, erTaderTi saSualeba arsebobs:<br />
Springeris eqspropriacia.<br />
Cven aRar vxumrobT.<br />
`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa <strong>da</strong><br />
es ar mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi<br />
ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas<br />
wyvets~.<br />
es ambavi <strong>da</strong>iwyo 1960-ian wlebSi.<br />
ufro sworad, erTbaSad bevri ram<br />
mox<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> ramdenime a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic<br />
manamde ubralod revoluciobanas<br />
TamaSob<strong>da</strong>, Zalian mWidrod<br />
<strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs.
cacia baaderma marjvena xeliT sakuTar kefaSi isrola. gudrun enslinma Werze,<br />
kauWze CamoixrCo Tavi, oRond iq rogor aZvra <strong>da</strong> eleqtrogayvanilobis mavTuli<br />
sai<strong>da</strong>n moitana _ gaugebaria. sruliad cariel sakanSi CamoixrCo Tavi ulrike<br />
mainhofmac. ase amboben.<br />
1967 wels germanias iranis Sahi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> swveo<strong>da</strong>. memarcxene studentebi<br />
am vizitis winaaRmdegi iyvnen,<br />
radgan smeno<strong>da</strong>T, rogor awamebdnen<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebs iranis cixeebSi. erT<br />
manifestaciaze maT studenti, beni<br />
onezorgi SeuerT<strong>da</strong>T, Cveulebrivi<br />
studenti, memarcxenec ki ar eTqmo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
is mokles. ubralod, wamebis<br />
winaaRmdeg gamovi<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> mokles.<br />
erTi wlis mere rudi duCkes esroles.<br />
rudi duCke, romelic germaniis<br />
studentTa profkavSiris<br />
lideri iyo, Springeris sagazeTo<br />
koncerns hyav<strong>da</strong> aTvalwunebuli.<br />
germanelebs mouwodebdnen: `Sea-<br />
CereT duCke!~ duCke neonacistma<br />
baxmanma SeaCera _ TavSi esrola.<br />
duCke saswaulad ga<strong>da</strong>rCa, magram<br />
mTeli <strong>da</strong>rCenili cxovreba Tavis<br />
tkivili stanjav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> epilefsiis<br />
Setevebi <strong>da</strong>sCem<strong>da</strong>. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa,<br />
Springeris koncerns misi devna<br />
ar Seuwyvetia. duCke londonSi ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong>,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c martodmarto <strong>da</strong>saxl<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> epilefsiis morigi Setevis<br />
dros abazanaSi <strong>da</strong>ixrCo.<br />
`tyviebma, romlebic duCkes esroles,<br />
bolo mouRo Cvens ocnebebs<br />
mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong> araZalmomreobis<br />
Sesaxeb~, _ wer<strong>da</strong> ulrike mainhofi.<br />
duCkes esroles _ <strong>da</strong> frankfurtis<br />
savaWro saxlis Senobas cecxli<br />
gauCn<strong>da</strong>. xanZari uceb Caaqres, <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>akaves _ sayvarlebi<br />
iyvnen, pacifistebi, andreas baaderi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gudrun enslini. sasamarTlo<br />
gaimarTa <strong>da</strong> advokatebma imdeni<br />
qnes, rom msjavrdebulebi maleve<br />
gamouSves cixi<strong>da</strong>n. erT-erTi<br />
advokati _ es mniSvnelovania! _<br />
horst maleri iyo.<br />
enslini <strong>da</strong> baaderi safrangeTSi<br />
gaemgzavrnen <strong>da</strong> uceb, gaugebari<br />
mizezebis gamo, isini interpolma<br />
<strong>da</strong>akava <strong>da</strong> kvlav cixeSi ukres Tavi.<br />
memarcxeneebi aRSfoTdnen, sasamarTlo<br />
<strong>da</strong>rbazSi ki erTmaneTs<br />
Sexvdnen zemoT xsenebuli advokati<br />
horst maleri <strong>da</strong> memarcxene<br />
Jurnalisti gazeT `konkreti<strong>da</strong>n~<br />
_ ulrike mainhofi. swored ase<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyo `wiTeli armiis fraqciis~,<br />
RAF-is istoria. am orma gaugonari<br />
ram Caifiqra <strong>da</strong> ganaxorciela:<br />
baaderi <strong>da</strong> enslini cixi<strong>da</strong>n gaaqcies.<br />
oTxeuli ior<strong>da</strong>niis saswavlo<br />
banakebSi gaemgzavra, sa<strong>da</strong>c maTgan<br />
profesionali teroristebi Seqmnes.<br />
1970 wels isini, gawvrTnilebi,<br />
momzadebulebi <strong>da</strong> sabrZolod Se-<br />
istoria<br />
marTulebi germaniaSi <strong>da</strong>brundnen.<br />
`wiTel armias~ ukve 30 wevri hyav<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> asobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani TanaugrZnob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mraval sxva sakiTxTan erTad, maT<br />
erTi ram aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T, marTlac<br />
saintereso ambavi: ratom mox<strong>da</strong><br />
ise, rom mravali nacisti omis Semdeg<br />
ara marto sasjels ga<strong>da</strong>urCa,<br />
aramed Zalauflebis SenarCunebac<br />
SeZlo. RAF-elebi kvlevas Seudgnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> gasaocari faqtebi aRmoaCines:<br />
omis ukanaskneli Tveebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
faSisturi sagangebo tribunalebis<br />
mosamarTleebma `panikis<br />
TesvisTvis~ aTasobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani CamoaxrCes.<br />
arc erTi <strong>da</strong>mnaSave ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>usjiaT. `<strong>da</strong>niis jalaTi~, romelmac<br />
pira<strong>da</strong>d gaanadgura, sul<br />
mcire, rva aTasi a<strong>da</strong>miani, saxelganTqmuli<br />
iuristi gax<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> raRac<br />
did koncernSi did fulsac iReb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
eseseli maRalCinosani, safrangeTSi<br />
faSisturi teroris organizatori,<br />
romelsac safrangeTis<br />
sasamarTlom sikvdili miusaja,<br />
germaniis federaciuli respublikis<br />
xelisuflebam gamoiTxova,<br />
umalve Seiwyala <strong>da</strong> generlis sapatio<br />
pensiac <strong>da</strong>uniSna.<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 94<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 53
interviu<br />
54 cxeli Sokoladi
interviu erik trufazTan<br />
avtori: kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va<br />
foto: marika qoCiaSvili<br />
raze gin<strong>da</strong>T, rom visaubroT?<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d musikaze.<br />
es isaa, rac miWirs xolme, gansakuTrebiT<br />
_ inglisurad. musikaze<br />
mirCevnia vimRero, oRond<br />
_ frangulad. axla nu momTxovT<br />
amas, kargi? simReras vgulisxmob.<br />
kargi, SevTanxmdiT. musikaze zogjer<br />
marTla rTulia saubari. ramdenime<br />
kviris win jon maqlaflinis<br />
DVD-s vuyurebdi indoel musikosebTan<br />
rom Cawera oriode wlis win;<br />
filmi imazea, Tu rogor muSaobdnen<br />
isini erTad maqlaflinis albomze<br />
Floating Point. filmis bolos, muSaobas<br />
rom asruleben, maqlaflini<br />
haerovan kocnas ugzavnis Tavis musikosebs,<br />
madlobis niSnad. es albaT<br />
musikosebTan urTierTobis yvelaze<br />
kargi saSualebaa.<br />
es momwons. yoveli SemTxvevis-<br />
Tvis, sityvebs sjobia.<br />
arasdros giCndebaT musikaluri<br />
impulsebis artikulirebis survili<br />
an saWiroeba?<br />
ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, magram rogorc<br />
wesi, sityvebiT kargad ver vaxerxeb<br />
xolme imis axsnas, rac am dros CemSi<br />
xdeba. uamravi metaforis gamoyeneba<br />
mixdeba. amitomac vTqvi,<br />
rom musikaze leqsis Tqma an simRera<br />
mirCevnia. me sayvirze vukrav,<br />
sayviri ki amosunTqvaa. simRerac<br />
amosunTqvaa. me momRerali var<br />
sayviriT xelSi <strong>da</strong> momReraliviT<br />
vudgebi musikalur masalas, ufro<br />
_ momReraliviT, vidre virtuozi<br />
instrumentalistiviT.<br />
amitomac saubrobT xolme ase xSirad<br />
Tqvensave musikaSi dramis prin-<br />
interviu<br />
cipebis <strong>da</strong> elementebis Semotanaze?<br />
marTalia. <strong>da</strong>kvrisas idumali atmosferos<br />
Seqmnas vcdilob xolme.<br />
marto amas ver mivaRwev, amitomac<br />
Cem gverdiT kargi musikosebi un<strong>da</strong><br />
idgnen. maT <strong>da</strong>kvrac un<strong>da</strong> icodnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>sxvebi</strong>s mosmenac, Torem scenaze<br />
oTxi an xuTi kaci rom dgas <strong>da</strong><br />
yvela erTdroulad ukravs, qaosi<br />
iqmneba. musikoss dramis SegrZneba<br />
un<strong>da</strong> hqondes. maqlaflini radgan<br />
vaxseneT, pira<strong>da</strong>d me misi mailzis<br />
droindeli periodi ufro<br />
miyvars. mailzTan <strong>da</strong> Tavis pirvel<br />
solo albomebSi maqlaflini<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Zunwad avseb<strong>da</strong> sivrces<br />
<strong>da</strong> me swored aseT musikas vaniWeb<br />
upiratesobas. mailzTan yofnisas<br />
maqlaflini gansxvavebulad ukrav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
gaxsovT?<br />
ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>. In a Silent Way, Bitches<br />
Brew, Live Evil. mailzis imdroindel<br />
musikaSic dramis Seqmnis mcdeloba<br />
iyo.<br />
Tan rogori <strong>da</strong>Zabuli, saintereso<br />
<strong>da</strong> savse dramis!<br />
rogorc wesi, Tqven erTdroulad<br />
Zalian bevr proeqtSi xarT xolme<br />
`gaxveuli~, Tan erTmaneTisgan sruliad<br />
gansxvavebul proeqtebSi _<br />
xan hif-hoferebTan erTad werT alboms,<br />
xan _ eleqtro-musikosebTan,<br />
xan pier henrisTan an jon haselTan.<br />
advilad axerxebT TqvenTvis ase<br />
mniSvnelovani atmosferos Seqmnas<br />
musiki<strong>da</strong>n musikaSi ga<strong>da</strong>nacvlebisas?<br />
musika Cemi cxovrebaa, cxovreba<br />
ki dRi<strong>da</strong>n dRemde <strong>da</strong> wli<strong>da</strong>n wlamde<br />
erTnairi araa. amitomac vicvli<br />
xolme musikalur garemos, Cemive<br />
aRmoCenebis ga<strong>da</strong>saxaliseblad.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 55
interviu<br />
kargi musika drois miRma un<strong>da</strong> idges <strong>da</strong> wlebis<br />
Semdegac Tanamedroved JRerdes. vis rad un<strong>da</strong><br />
iseTi musika, romelic cecxliviTaa _ erT wams<br />
gizgizebs, mere ki qreba?<br />
miyvars musikalurad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
geografiuli sivrceebis Semotana<br />
Cems musikaSi. aseTi ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebebi<br />
azrovnebis unars miumjobesebs.<br />
Tanac, kompozitoric var <strong>da</strong> musikasTan<br />
aseTi midgoma gansxvavebuli<br />
formebis gamoyenebis saSualebas<br />
maZlevs. SarSan magaliTad<br />
mec indoel musikosebTan erTad<br />
Cavwere albomi.<br />
vici. isic vici, induri klasikuri<br />
ragas Seswavla rom gindo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />
sxvaTa Soris, sanam induri musikis<br />
Seswavla ar ga<strong>da</strong>vwyvite, arc ki vicodi,<br />
rom klasikuri ragas didi<br />
nawili improvizaciaa.<br />
ho, magram amis gamo is advili<br />
ar xdeba <strong>da</strong> misi Seswavlac Zalian,<br />
Zalian Znelia. raga induri klasikuri<br />
musikaa, <strong>da</strong> Tu gin<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
seriozulad <strong>da</strong>euflo mas, minimum<br />
20 weli mainc un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axarjo swavlis<br />
process, raRacas mainc rom<br />
miaRwio. ho, ragaSi mec improvizacia<br />
mizi<strong>da</strong>vs, magram, rogorc gi-<br />
TxariT, am SemTxvevaSi ase advilad<br />
araa saqme. me hariprasad Caurasias<br />
(hariprasad Caurasia _ bansurize,<br />
bambukis fleitaze, Semsrulebeli<br />
56 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
indoeli musikosi) didi fani var.<br />
is Tavisi musikiT ramdenime wuTSi<br />
axerxebs msmeneli amqveyniurobas<br />
moswyvitos. ho<strong>da</strong>, sul megona, rom<br />
mTeli misi musika improvizaciaa,<br />
vidre mis koncertze ar movxvdi.<br />
cocxlad Sesrulebisas misi musikis<br />
garkveuli nawili improvizaciaa,<br />
magram raRac momentSi am nakadSi<br />
tabla (klasikuri induri <strong>da</strong>sartyami<br />
instrumenti) rom Semodis,<br />
mas sruliad gaTvlili <strong>da</strong> gansazRvruli<br />
klasikuri struqturebi<br />
Semoaqvs musikaSi. am dros indoeli<br />
msmeneli taSs ukravs xolme, Cven ki<br />
_ evropelebi ver vxvdebiT, Tu ram<br />
gamoiwvia es taSi. saqme ki isaa, rom<br />
isini cnoben im struqturebs <strong>da</strong> ni-<br />
Sans aZleven musikoss, rom bolomde<br />
mihyvebian mas. genialuria! ise ki<br />
tablaze <strong>da</strong>mkvrelebTanac miyvars<br />
muSaoba. ramdenime wlis win talvin<br />
singxTan erTa<strong>da</strong>c Cavwere diski.<br />
bolo albomze ki apurba muherjis-<br />
Tan erTad vimuSave.<br />
verasdros warmoidgen, rom Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia <strong>da</strong>sartyam instrumentze<br />
melodiis <strong>da</strong>kvra. zakir huseini pu-<br />
Cinis cnobil Temas ukravs tablaze<br />
Carlz loidis Sangam-ze, gaxsovT?<br />
ah, zakir huseini! RvTaebrivi<br />
musikosia! tabla ki erT-erTi yvelaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>xvewili <strong>da</strong> rTuli instrumenti.<br />
ai, aseTi rameebi iwvevs CemSi<br />
musikis keTebis provocirebas.<br />
aseT a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan Sexvedra <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
musikis smena. me im kaciviT var,<br />
sul raRacas rom eZebs <strong>da</strong> uecrad,<br />
erT mSvenier dRes, moulodnelad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>awydeba raRac ideas an koncefcias.<br />
aseT dros vxvdebi, rom<br />
Cndeba Sansi, gamoxatvis Cemebur<br />
saSualebas axali ferebi SevZino.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan, sxva musikosebTan<br />
Sexvedris drosac ase xdeba. ra-<br />
Rac uxilavs iWer musikisadmi maT<br />
midgomaSi <strong>da</strong> xvdebi, rom Tu erTad<br />
muSaobis Sansi mogecemaT, marTlac<br />
rom Rirebulis Seqmnas moaxerxebT.<br />
aseTi Sexvedrebi azartuli TamaSiviTaa.<br />
erTxel axseneT, rom spartanuli<br />
garemo gizi<strong>da</strong>vT _ mTebi, u<strong>da</strong>bno, iaponuri<br />
arqiteqtura. mere ki <strong>da</strong>amateT,<br />
_ musika am yvelafris metaforaao.<br />
ras gulisxmobdiT?<br />
rogorc ukve vTqvi, saundis organizaciis<br />
Cemeburi mcdelobaa mu
sikaSi gansakuTrebuli atmosferos<br />
<strong>da</strong>Zebna. me CaurasiasaviT ganwyobis<br />
Semqmneli musikosi ufro var, vidre<br />
ritmul struqturebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobili<br />
vinme kubeli virtuozi. Cemi<br />
musika imis metaforaa, rac me mizi<strong>da</strong>vs<br />
_ gaSlili sivrceebis, u<strong>da</strong>bnos,<br />
<strong>da</strong> ase Semdeg. igive exeba e.w.<br />
urbanul, industriul saundsac.<br />
isic garkveul atmosferoze agebuli<br />
musikaa. sxvaTa Soris, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
Cemi mcdelobebisa, winaswar<br />
gamovicno, Tu ramdenad Rirebuli<br />
iqneba Sedegi, musikis keTebis procesSi<br />
amas ver vaxerxeb. Cven xSirad<br />
ar viciT, vin <strong>da</strong> ra varT, sanam Cvenive<br />
Seqmnils gverdi<strong>da</strong>n ar Sevxe<strong>da</strong>vT.<br />
musikis keTebis procesSi,<br />
ramdenad karga<strong>da</strong>c un<strong>da</strong> viyo mzad,<br />
Sedegi, rogorc wesi, idumalebiTaa<br />
moculi. es cxovrebasaviTaa. mTavari<br />
am dros isaa, rom musikas SenSi<br />
Semosvlis ufleba misce. zogjer<br />
amas vaxerxeb, zogjer ki araferi<br />
gamomdis.<br />
qiT jareTi wam<strong>da</strong>uwum imeorebs,<br />
rom musikosebis <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba araa<br />
msmenelis garToba, Tqven ki, amas<br />
winaT pier henrize, eleqtronuli<br />
musikis erT-erT pionerze saubrisas<br />
aRniSneT, rom is, musikosi ki ara,<br />
maZiebeli ufroa. ra doziT xarT gamrTobi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ra doziT _ maZiebeli?<br />
henriviT mkvlevari namdvilad ar<br />
var. vinai<strong>da</strong>n musikas msmenels vasmenineb,<br />
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,<br />
gamrTobic var. zogjer formebs<br />
Segnebulad vcvli xolme, msmenelisaTvis<br />
ufro saintereso rom<br />
gavxado. es CemTvis problema araa.<br />
msoflios yvela kuTxeSi miwevs gamosvla<br />
<strong>da</strong> min<strong>da</strong>, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebma<br />
kargad igrZnon Tavi am musikis mosmenisas.<br />
meore mxriv, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />
mec min<strong>da</strong>, jareTiviT SemeZlos erTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> igive musikis ise <strong>da</strong>kvra wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, rom musikam xibli ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>kargos. jareTs SeuZlia amis gake-<br />
Teba. trios formatSi, lamis oc<strong>da</strong>aT<br />
welze metia, jaz-stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs<br />
ukravs erTi <strong>da</strong> imave musikosebTan<br />
erTad <strong>da</strong> yoveli misi axali albomi<br />
movlenaa. magram, sworad gamigeT,<br />
is qiT jareTia! is geniosia, me ki<br />
ar var geniosi. saerTod, mniSvnelovania<br />
imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra<br />
potencialis musikosi xar. me vici,<br />
rom geniosi ar var <strong>da</strong> amitomac<br />
mesaWiroeba garkveuli scenarebis<br />
interviu<br />
Seqmna musikis keTebisas. zogs geniosad<br />
miaCnia Tavi, sinamdvileSi ki<br />
mosawyen musikas akeTebs. samyaroSi<br />
asobiT qiT jareTi araa. garSemo bevri<br />
kargi pianistia <strong>da</strong> isini xSirad<br />
karg musikasac ukraven, magram mainc<br />
usmen <strong>da</strong> grZnob, rom es is musikaa,<br />
erTxel ukve mosmenili rom gaqvs.<br />
amitomac, mimaCnia, rom Tu musikosi<br />
xvdeba, rom <strong>da</strong>kruls imeorebs, aucileblad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Secvalos midgoma<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva musikaluri formiT scados<br />
sakuTari Tavis gamoxatva. aseTia<br />
Cemi filosofia. uein SorTers na-<br />
Tqvami aqvs, _ imisTvis, rom sakuTari<br />
Tavi ipovo, Senive Tavis erTguli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rCe. gimeorebT, jareTi geniosia,<br />
me ki _ ara.<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c CemTvis cnobilia, jareTisnairi<br />
musikosebic awydebian<br />
problemebs, Tun<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>kvrisas meqanikurobis<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad.<br />
am bolo dros mas ara erTxel aRuniSnavs,<br />
rom maSinve wyvets <strong>da</strong>kvras,<br />
ra wamsac xvdeba, rom `komfortul~<br />
zonaSi Seabija <strong>da</strong> xelebis meqanikuri<br />
karnaxiT ukravs.<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 96<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 57
interviu<br />
`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori<br />
interviu erik moniosTan<br />
avtori: qeTevan sadRobelaSvili<br />
foto: levan xerxeuliZe<br />
es `meore arxia~, oRond ara is,<br />
kargad nacnobi `meore arxi~. es<br />
arxi ukve politikuria <strong>da</strong>, mravalferovani<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis nacvlad,<br />
arxze ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d politikosebi <strong>da</strong><br />
`ufro ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d~ opozicioneri<br />
politikosebi arian gamagrebulebi,<br />
erTgvari politikuri serialebiT,<br />
anu, dRisiT _ brifingebiT,<br />
preskonferenciebiT, saarCevno<br />
Sexvedra-<strong>da</strong>pirebebiT <strong>da</strong> myvirala<br />
gamosvlebiT. RamiT _ 17 kvalificiuri<br />
partiisaTvis gankuTvnili,<br />
xSirad monologebs Sewiruli `Tavisufali<br />
tribuniT~... <strong>da</strong> es yvelaferi,<br />
montaJis gareSe. am `meore<br />
arxs~ Zalze mwiri teqnikuri SesaZleblobebi,<br />
gavrcelebis SezRuduli<br />
areali, gasul saukuneSi garemontebuli<br />
ori oTaxi, 34 a<strong>da</strong>mianze<br />
gaTvlili yovelTviuri 31 000-lariani<br />
biujeti <strong>da</strong> optimisturi<br />
gegmebi aqvs, qarTuli politikuri<br />
speqtrisaTvis miuwvdomeli sloganiT<br />
_ emocii<strong>da</strong>n azrovnebisaken!<br />
es erik monioa, safrangeTis erovnuli<br />
asambleis saparlamento arxis<br />
(LCP-AN) generaluri mdivani. is<br />
erTi kvira TanamSromlob<strong>da</strong> `meore<br />
arxTan~ <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobas<br />
strategiisa <strong>da</strong> programirebis<br />
principebis, a<strong>da</strong>mianuri <strong>da</strong> teqnikuri<br />
resursebis gansazRvraSi<br />
exmarebo<strong>da</strong>, arxis siduxWires ki<br />
evropelisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
TavSekavebuli RimiliT uyureb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
erik moniom safrangeTSi sakmaod<br />
prestiJuli E.N.A-s administraciis<br />
erovnuli saswavlebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong> parizis politikur mecnierebaTa<br />
instituti <strong>da</strong>amTavra. muSaob<strong>da</strong><br />
finansTa saministrosa <strong>da</strong> `re-<br />
58 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
nos~ saavtomobilo kompaniaSi. oci<br />
wlis win ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita, Tavi audiovizualur<br />
sferoSi gamoeca<strong>da</strong>, xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong><br />
solidur saprodiusero<br />
jgufs, romelic mxatvrul<br />
filmebs iReb<strong>da</strong>. monawileob<strong>da</strong> e.w<br />
zRvis iqiTa mxaris qveynebis televiziebis<br />
CamoyalibebaSi. polineziaSi<br />
televiziis xelmZRvanelic<br />
ki gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. mogvianebiT sakuTari<br />
kompania Camoayaliba, romelic<br />
dokumentur filmebs iReb<strong>da</strong>, amave<br />
dros muSaob<strong>da</strong> ucxoeTSi franguli<br />
produqciis eqsportsa <strong>da</strong> strategiis<br />
SemuSavebaze. 2008 wli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
safrangeTis erovnuli asambleis<br />
saparlamento arxis erT-erTi<br />
xelmZRvanelia. administrirebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
audiovizualur sferoSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlis<br />
interess erik monio imiT<br />
xsnis, rom es aris sfero, sa<strong>da</strong>c yvelaze<br />
gaxsnili gonebaa saWiro.<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, ramdenad efeqtiania sazogadoebrivi<br />
televizia, rogoria<br />
sazogadoebis ndobis xarisxi aseTi<br />
arxebis mimarT, un<strong>da</strong> ifiqros Tu ara<br />
sazogadoebrivma arxma konkurenciaze,<br />
radgan komerciul arxebTan<br />
konkurencia mainc pirobiTia. sazogadoebrivi<br />
arxebi xom iseT produqciaze<br />
muSaoben, romliTac kerZo<br />
arxebi verc reitings moipoveben <strong>da</strong><br />
komerciisganac Sors iqnebian.<br />
rogorc sazogadoebrivi televiziisTvis,<br />
aseve saparlamento<br />
arxisTvis mayureblis sakiTxi, ra<br />
Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, specifikuria. ki vambobT,<br />
rom mayurebelic <strong>da</strong> reitingic<br />
Cveni mizania, magram arc mayureblis<br />
raodenoba <strong>da</strong> arc reitingi<br />
akviatebad ar un<strong>da</strong> gveqces.
interviu<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 59
interviu<br />
sazogadoebriv mauwyebels sami ZiriTadi funqcia aqvs. pirveli _ socialuri<br />
kavSirebi <strong>da</strong>amyaros sazogadoebasTan, meore _ aamaRlos kulturis mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong><br />
moamzados ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi kulturaze <strong>da</strong> mesame _ wavides riskze _ ecados, gaakeTos iseTi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, romlebis gakeTebac ar SeuZlia <strong>da</strong> arc un<strong>da</strong> kerZo arxs, radgan erideba<br />
riskze wasvlas.<br />
maSin, mizani ra aris? SesaZloa,<br />
gkiTxon _ ra saWiroa iseTi ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis<br />
gakeTeba, romelsac aravin Sexe<strong>da</strong>vs.<br />
rasakvirvelia, sazogadoebrivi<br />
arxic <strong>da</strong> Cveni tipis saparlamento<br />
arxic, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />
specifikuria, yovelTvis fiqrobs<br />
mayureblis mozidvaze <strong>da</strong> amis-<br />
Tvis yvela saSualebas viyenebT _<br />
igive komunikaciisa <strong>da</strong> presasTan<br />
urTierTobis samsaxuri Cvens televiziaSi<br />
Zalze mniSvnelovania.<br />
Cveni saparlamento arxi ga<strong>da</strong>scems<br />
parlamentis sxdomebs, magram amave<br />
dros yvelanairi tipis mayureblis<br />
mosazi<strong>da</strong>d vamzadebT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
Janris ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs, <strong>da</strong>wyebuli Toq-<br />
SouTi <strong>da</strong> SemecnebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>cemebiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli dokumenturi filmebiT.<br />
TamaSic ki gvaqvs, anu vcdilobT,<br />
samizne jgufebi gvyavdes <strong>da</strong><br />
yovelmxriv <strong>da</strong>vainteresoT mayurebeli.<br />
Cemi azriT, sazogadoebriv<br />
mauwyebels sami ZiriTadi funqcia<br />
aqvs. pirveli _ socialuri kavSirebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>amyaros sazogadoebasTan,<br />
meore _ aamaRlos kulturis mniSvneloba<br />
<strong>da</strong> moamzados ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi<br />
kulturaze <strong>da</strong> mesame _ wavides<br />
riskze _ ecados, gaakeTos iseTi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, romlebis gakeTebac ar<br />
SeuZlia <strong>da</strong> arc un<strong>da</strong> kerZo arxs,<br />
radgan erideba riskze wasvlas <strong>da</strong><br />
iseTi `arapopularuli~ ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis<br />
gakeTebas, rogoricaa saganmanaTleblo,<br />
SemecnebiTi <strong>da</strong> kulturuli.<br />
marTalia, aseT ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs<br />
naklebi mayurebeli hyavs, magram<br />
Sedegis TvalsazrisiT Zalze mniSvnelovania.<br />
Tqven gaintereseb<strong>da</strong>T<br />
sazogadoebis ndobis sakiTxi, safrangeTis<br />
sazogadoebrivi televizia,<br />
romelic ramdenime arxs<br />
60 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
aerTianebs, <strong>da</strong> Cveni saparlamento<br />
arxic maRali xarisxis ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs<br />
amzadebs iseT Temebze, romliTac<br />
yvela tipis mayurebeli interesdeba,<br />
amitomac, mayureblis ndoba namdvilad<br />
aris. CvenTan kerZo arxs TF<br />
1-s yvelaze maRali reitingi aqvs,<br />
TiTqmis 30 procentamde, magram safrangeTis<br />
sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli,<br />
romelic ramdenime arxs aer-<br />
Tianebs, saboloo jamSi ufro met<br />
reitings agrovebs, vidre TF 1-is<br />
reitingia. aqve vityvi, rom ndobis<br />
ganmsazRvreli aucilebeli faqtoria<br />
sainformacio gamoSvebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>, rac mTavaria, pluralizmi. im<br />
televizias, romelic pluralizms<br />
icavs, reitingic maRali aqvs <strong>da</strong><br />
mudmivi mayurebelic hyavs. CvenTan<br />
sazogadoebrivi arxebi ufro <strong>da</strong>moukideblebi<br />
arian, vidre kerZo<br />
arxebi <strong>da</strong> ufro meti Tavisufleba<br />
gvaqvs, vidre maT.<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c vici, franguli saparlamento<br />
arxis reitingi 0,5 procentia.<br />
namdvilad 0,5 procentia, rac<br />
imas niSnavs, rom mudmivad 300 000<br />
kaci uyurebs Cvens arxs, zogjer<br />
SeiZleba 100 000 uyurebdes <strong>da</strong> zogjer<br />
milionze meti, magram statistikurad<br />
mudmivi mayurebeli<br />
300 000-mdea. sxvaTa Soris, `artes~<br />
reitingic amdenivea.<br />
arxis gavrcelebis areali rogoria?<br />
safrangeTSi 40 milion mayurebels<br />
SeuZlia saparlamento arxis<br />
miReba. saqarTveloSi, ise rogorc<br />
safrangeTSi, mayurebels ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
gasarTobi programebi ainteresebs,<br />
magram is reitingi, rac<br />
Cveni tipis politikur arxs aqvs,<br />
romelic kulturul <strong>da</strong> saganmanaTleblo<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemebsac amzadebs,<br />
Zalian kargi monacemia. Cven internet<br />
vebgverdic gvaqvs <strong>da</strong> xSirad<br />
internetSi ufro meti gviyurebs,<br />
vidre ekranze. es imiTacaa kargi,<br />
rom internetSi roca gin<strong>da</strong>, maSin<br />
naxav sasurvel ga<strong>da</strong>cemas.<br />
saSualo frangi mayurebeli ramdenad<br />
interesdeba politikiT; Cven-<br />
Tan, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom yoveli<br />
meore a<strong>da</strong>miani politikas mniSvnelovnad<br />
Tvlis, politikur procesebSi<br />
garkveva umravlesobas mainc<br />
uWirs.<br />
frangebs, tradiciulad, uyvarT<br />
politika, iSviaTad, rom garkveul<br />
momentSi politikaze ar <strong>da</strong>iwyon<br />
laparaki, magram Cveni samizne jgufebi<br />
ufro metad axalgazrdebi <strong>da</strong><br />
is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi arian, romlebsac naklebi<br />
ganaTleba aqvT an TavianTi<br />
gaunaTleblobis gamo uWirT politikuri<br />
procesebis gageba _ swored<br />
maTTvis mzaddeba ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi<br />
politikaze. amave mizniT SevqmeniT<br />
TamaSi, romelic saganmanaTleblo<br />
xasiaTisaa, TamaSis formiT vcdilobT<br />
mayureblamde kanonebis mitanas.<br />
Tqven <strong>da</strong>eswariT `meore arxis~<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemis `Tavisufali tribunis~<br />
mimdinareobas pir<strong>da</strong>pir eTerSi <strong>da</strong><br />
naxeT Cveni politikosebi. Se<strong>da</strong>rebis<br />
saxiT, rogoria politikosebis<br />
Sinagani kulturis done.<br />
mxolod erTi ga<strong>da</strong>cema vnaxe <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavs uflebas ver mivcem, qarTveli<br />
politikosebis kulturis doneze<br />
vilaparako. rac Seexeba Cvens politikosebs,<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, maTi kulturis
done sakmaod maRalia, vgulisxmob<br />
politikur kulturas, ganaTlebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> teqnikur kulturas, rac imas<br />
niSnavs, rom kargad erkvevian soflis<br />
meurneobaSi, iurisprudenciaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva disciplinebSi, rac<br />
gasakviri ar aris. Tavm<strong>da</strong>blurad<br />
ar gamomdis, magram bevr maTgans is<br />
instituti aqvs <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli, rac<br />
_ me. gagikvirdebaT, magram Cveni<br />
sazogadoeba xSirad sayvedurobs<br />
maT, rom zedmetad profesionalebi<br />
arian, anu erTi <strong>da</strong> igive a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
sakmaod didxans arian igive<br />
erovnul asambleaSi, eseni arian<br />
yofili funqcionerebi <strong>da</strong> Cinovnikebi,<br />
igive, profesorebi <strong>da</strong>, roca<br />
sazogadoebis yvela fena ar aris<br />
warmodgenili parlamentSi, swored<br />
amas sayvedurobs sazogadoeba.<br />
ki, magram ZiriTadi amomrCeveli<br />
sazogadoebaa <strong>da</strong> es interesi arCevnebis<br />
dros gaiTvaliswinos.<br />
amomrCeveli warmodgenili kandi<strong>da</strong>turebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
irCevs. roca yofili<br />
funqcioneri xar <strong>da</strong> kandi<strong>da</strong>turas<br />
meored wamoayeneb, <strong>da</strong>sakargi araferi<br />
gaqvs. roca advokati xar <strong>da</strong> amave<br />
dros 5 weliwadi deputati, Seni<br />
`kantora~ mainc muSaobs, magram patara<br />
sawarmos xelmZRvaneli 5 wlis<br />
vadiT rom movides parlamentSi, es<br />
sawarmo uimisod <strong>da</strong>iSleba <strong>da</strong>, roca<br />
deputati aRar iqneba, SeiZleba usamsaxurod<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCes. amitom urCevnia,<br />
Tavis sawarmos mixedos <strong>da</strong> parlamentze<br />
uari Tqvas. albaT esaa imis<br />
mizezi, rom erTi <strong>da</strong> igive a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
xdebian deputatebi.<br />
politikosebisa <strong>da</strong> mediis ur-<br />
TierTobaze visaubroT. medias sazogadoebis<br />
cnobierebaze Zalze<br />
didi gavlena rom aqvs, aravin <strong>da</strong>vobs.<br />
cdiloben Tu ara frangi politikosebi<br />
es gavlena saTavisod<br />
gamoiyenon. <strong>da</strong>samali ar aris, rom<br />
CvenTan sazogadoebis didi nawili<br />
sazogadoebriv mauwyebels saxelisuflebo<br />
arxad Tvlis <strong>da</strong> erT-erT<br />
Zlier administraciul resursad<br />
miiCnevs.<br />
umravlesobis warmomadgenlebs<br />
yovelTvis surT, rom gaakontrolon<br />
media, kerZo arxi iqneba es<br />
Tu sazogadoebrivi, magram sazogadoebriv<br />
mauwyebelSi sare<strong>da</strong>qcio<br />
jgufisa <strong>da</strong> Jurnalistebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Zlier winaaRmdegobas awydebian.<br />
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis generalur<br />
direqtors araviTar SemTxvevaSi<br />
ar SeuZlia Tavis TanamSromlebs<br />
miTiTeba misces _ ra gaakeTon,<br />
raze ilaparakon <strong>da</strong> raze ara. msgavsi<br />
mdgomareobaa CvenTanac. iSviaTad<br />
aris zarebis SemTxvevebi,<br />
magram vinc rekavs, araferi gamosdis,<br />
radgan Jurnalistebi ar Tanxmdebian<br />
gaakeTon is, rac TviTon ar<br />
surT, amis maCvenebelia sazogadoebrivi<br />
arxisadmi ndoba. roca saparlamento<br />
arxis ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs uyureb,<br />
romelic aTi welia arsebobs, verasdros<br />
ityvi, rom arxi an erT partias<br />
miemxro, an meores. imis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad,<br />
rom erovnuli asamblea asi<br />
procentiT gvafinansebs, ar yofila<br />
arc erTi SemTxveva, xelisufleba<br />
Careuliyo Cvens saqmianobaSi an<br />
raime <strong>da</strong>evalebinaT. amis magaliTia<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c Cveni arxis xelmZRvaneli,<br />
romelic memarcxenea, magram roca<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cema mihyavs, misi memarcxene<br />
pozicia araferSi ar igrZnoba. erovnul<br />
asambleaSi umravlesoba aris<br />
memarjvene, magram Cveni xelmZRvaneli<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnulia e.w opoziciuri banaki<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
esec imaze metyvelebs, rom<br />
Cvenze aranairi zewola ar aris.<br />
ra rekomen<strong>da</strong>cia geqnebaT Cveni<br />
tipis qveynisTvis, rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan<br />
Tavi Jurnalistebma politikosebis<br />
zewolisgan?<br />
CemTvis Zalze rTulia am ki-<br />
Txvaze pasuxis gacema. albaT politikosebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> Jurnalistebi un<strong>da</strong><br />
SeTanxmdnen imaze, rom sasikeTod<br />
ganviTardes is procesebi, romelic<br />
axla mimdinareobs. politikosebma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan <strong>da</strong> pativi scen<br />
Jurnalistebis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobas<br />
<strong>da</strong> pluralizms.<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 97<br />
interviu<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 61
diskusia<br />
62 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
diskusia<br />
radikalizmi<br />
dialogis magivrad<br />
avtori: nino beqiSvili<br />
monawileebi:<br />
levan berZeniSvili<br />
respublikuri partiis wevri<br />
lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />
filosofosi<br />
nato zazaSvili<br />
fsiqologi <strong>da</strong> wmin<strong>da</strong> ninos saxelobis eklesiis mRvdelmsaxuri<br />
vaxuSti menabde<br />
iuristi<br />
mama vladimer vaxtangaZe<br />
konfliqti, romlis kulminaciac telekompania `kavkasiaSi~ momx<strong>da</strong>ri Cxubi iyo, wlebis win <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>da</strong> perio-<br />
dulobiT iCens xolme Tavs. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom moCxubrebi <strong>da</strong>apatimres, <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba isev rCeba _ <strong>da</strong>piris-<br />
pirebul mxareTa Soris, romlTaganac erTni gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva umciresobebis uflebebs<br />
icaven, xolo meoreni religiuri grZnobebis Seuracxyofaze saubroben <strong>da</strong> miznis misaRwevad Zaladobas ar<br />
eridebian. dialogi ver Sedga.<br />
dRes ukve iuristebi <strong>da</strong> politikosebi msjeloben, Seitanon Tu ara cvlilebebi kanonmdeblobaSi, romlebic<br />
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas religiuri grZobebis sasargeblod SezRu<strong>da</strong>vs.<br />
ram gamoiwvia es konfliqti, ratom mimarTaven a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Zaladobas, ra pozicia aqvs eklesias _ am sakiTxebis<br />
garkvevas diskusiaze SevecadeT.
nino beqiSvili: ra SeiZleba iyos religiuri eqstremizmis<br />
mizezebi, rogor movediT aqamde?<br />
levan berZeniSvili: es ar aris martivi ambavi.<br />
aqamde mivediT imitom, rom kanonebi <strong>da</strong> deklarirebuli<br />
Rirebulebebi erTi mimarTulebiT midis,<br />
sazogadoebrivi cxovreba ki _ sxva mxares. sazogadoeba<br />
xSirad sajarod acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom kanoni ar<br />
aris mniSvnelovani, rom arsebobs iseTi ram, rac<br />
kanonze maRla dgas. magaliTad, Tuki samSoblos<br />
interesebi moiTxovs, SeiZleba kanoni <strong>da</strong>irRves.<br />
aseTi ram sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva konfesiis warmomadgenlTa an<br />
konfesiaTa uarmyofelTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n araerTxel Tqmula.<br />
aqamde mivediT imitom, rom Cven varT principulad<br />
CamorCenili <strong>da</strong> gaunaTlebeli sazogadoeba.<br />
yvelam SesaniSnavad icis, rom teritoriuli mTlianobis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, arsebobs sxva Rirebulebebic, magram<br />
roca saqarTvelos xeliusflebam wamoiwyo brZola<br />
teritoriuli mTlianobis aRsadgenad, sazogadoebis<br />
didma nawilma Tqva: mere ra, Tu irRveva kanoni,<br />
mTavaria aRdges teritoriuli mTlianoba. Cemi<br />
azriT, aq aris ZiriTadi problema. me am yvelafers<br />
Zalian pirobiT <strong>da</strong> gacveTil saxels varqmev, rasac<br />
aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs mis Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel mniSvnelobasTan,<br />
magram kargad gamoxatavs Cveni sazogadoebis<br />
axlandel mdgomareobas _ es farisevlobaa.<br />
sazogadoeba acxadebs erTs, akeTebs meores <strong>da</strong> fiqrobs<br />
mesames. es ar aris martivi problema. magaliTad,<br />
saqarTvelos prezidenti erT-erTi Zalian<br />
aqtiuri moqalaqea eklesiaSi. mas SeuZlia ambionze<br />
sityva warmoTqvas, patriarqi gverdze gawios. Cven<br />
patriarqs amis bedi aqvs _ maxsovs irakli wereTelmac<br />
gverdze gawia Tavis droze. yvelam icis, ranairi<br />
aRmsarebeli <strong>da</strong> qristiania saakaSvili, magram<br />
iTvleba, raxan prezidentia, amitom marTlmorwmune<br />
qristiani un<strong>da</strong> iyos. farisevloba bevrgan Cans.<br />
vambobT, rom codna CvenTvis Zalian Rirebulia <strong>da</strong><br />
am dros maswavleblis xelfasi, mebadurTa xelfas-<br />
Tan erTad, yvelaze naklebanazRaurebadia mTel sabiujeto<br />
sistemaSi. sazogadoebaSi ar aris gulwrfeloba<br />
<strong>da</strong> xalxi ar akeTebs imas, rasac fiqrobs.<br />
kanoni <strong>da</strong>sust<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> yovelTvis, roca kanoni sustdeba,<br />
pirvelyofili instinqtebi wamoyofen xolme<br />
Tavs. instinqti martivia: me marTali var, Sen _<br />
mtyuani, ucxo ar varga <strong>da</strong> a. S<br />
nino beqiSvili: mama vladimer, Tqven ukve gamoxvediT<br />
`kavkasiis~ eTerSi <strong>da</strong> erTxel ukve TqviT,<br />
rom im Zaladobriv meTodebs, romelsac mimarTav<strong>da</strong><br />
`marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiri~ <strong>da</strong> `saxalxo<br />
marTlmadidebluri moZraoba~, qristianobasTan<br />
diskusia<br />
aranairi saerTo <strong>da</strong> kavSiri ar aqvs. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
imisa, rom incidentis Semdeg amdeni dRe gavi<strong>da</strong>,<br />
oficialurad sapatriarqos gancxadeba ar gauke-<br />
Tebia. patriarqis mier mama <strong>da</strong>viT isakaZis <strong>da</strong>jildoeba<br />
sazogadoebis nawilma ise aRiqva, TiTqos<br />
sapatriarqo miesalmeba brZolis aseT meTodebs.<br />
ramdenad erTiania qarTuli samRvdeloeba? aris<br />
Tu ara is mzad imisTvis, rom Zaladobrivi meTodebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>gmos?<br />
mama vladimeri: yvelanairi Zaladoba, visi mxri<strong>da</strong>nac<br />
un<strong>da</strong> modiodes, <strong>da</strong>sagmobia. ver getyviT,<br />
incidentis provocireba vin moaxdina, `marTlmadidebel<br />
mSobelTa kavSirma~, malxaz gulaSvilis<br />
Tanamoazreebma, Tu e.w. liberalebma, romlebic iq<br />
isxdnen. es ar vici, magram Zaladoba rom yovlad<br />
miuRebelia, es calsaxad un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas. saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia yovelTvis iyo, dResac<br />
aris <strong>da</strong> iqneba yvelanairi Zaladobis mowinaaRmdege.<br />
rac Seexeba dekanoz <strong>da</strong>viT isakaZis <strong>da</strong>jildoebas,<br />
mama <strong>da</strong>viTi araerTi welia, qarTuli eklesiis<br />
msaxuria. calsaxad nu vityviT, rom is konfliqtebis<br />
monawilea. me ar vici, TviTon ramdenad monawileob<strong>da</strong><br />
am incidentSi.<br />
nino beqiSvili: arsebobs videomasala, sa<strong>da</strong>c Cans,<br />
rom swored mama <strong>da</strong>viTi aZlev<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebebs `mar-<br />
Tlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris~ wevrebs.<br />
mama vladimeri: ara mgonia, mama <strong>da</strong>viTma vinmeze<br />
miuTiTos, _ scemeTo. ara marto mama <strong>da</strong>viTma, aramed<br />
_ nebismierma mRvdelma. es miuRebelia nebismieri<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianisgan <strong>da</strong> miT umetes _ sasuliero pirisgan.<br />
dekanozi <strong>da</strong>viT isakaZe, rogorc giTxariT,<br />
ukve ramdenime welia, eklesiis samsaxurSia <strong>da</strong> mas<br />
eklesiisTvis bevri sikeTe aqvs motanili. araer-<br />
Ti eklesia aaSena Tu ganaaxla, mravali a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
moiyvana eklesiaSi <strong>da</strong> vfiqrob, is am <strong>da</strong>msaxurebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT <strong>da</strong>ajildoves.<br />
nino beqiSvili: rodis xdeba Zaladoba SesaZlebeli?<br />
ra kvebavs Zaladobas?<br />
lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: Zaladoba SesaZlebelia<br />
maSin, rodesac is ar ganiSifreba, anu ar aris<br />
msjeloba am socialur movlenaze. eqstremizmi,<br />
fun<strong>da</strong>mentalizmi, Seuwynarebloba, qsenofobia SesaZlebelia<br />
mxolod im sazogadoebaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c ar<br />
aris SexedulebaTa pluralizmi <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c radikalizacia<br />
xdeba. erTi mxriv, arsebobs ukiduresad<br />
liberaluri azri <strong>da</strong> meore mxriv _ ukiduresad fa-<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 63
diskusia<br />
natikuri Sexedulebebi. SuaSi ki araferia. magram<br />
or radikalur azrs Sorisac ar moxdebo<strong>da</strong> Sejaxeba,<br />
rom iyos am Sexedulebebze, mosazrebebze mudmivi<br />
msjeloba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas hqondes saSualeba,<br />
mousminos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Tvalsazriss, mousminos yvelas<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakuTar Tavs <strong>da</strong>ujeros. Tuki demokratiis,<br />
liberalizmis evropul istorias ga<strong>da</strong>vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, vnaxavT,<br />
rom iyo raRac warmodgenebi, Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong><br />
maTi sapirispiro ideebi <strong>da</strong> swored sapirispiros<br />
gaCenis Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong> qveynebis <strong>da</strong> Sexedulebebis<br />
ganviTarebas SesaZlebloba. stagnacias swored<br />
alternatiuli azrebis ararseboba iwvevs. magram<br />
Tu ga<strong>da</strong>vxe<strong>da</strong>vT Cveni sazogadoebis ganviTarebis<br />
istorias, vTqvaT _ <strong>da</strong>moukideblobi<strong>da</strong>n dRemde,<br />
sul sxva suraTi <strong>da</strong>gvxvdeba _ aq TiTqmis yovel-<br />
mama vladimer vaxtangaZe<br />
aravin ambobs, rom quCaSi vinme un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>viWiroT, an vinmes rame avukrZaloT.<br />
am yvelafers sityviT <strong>da</strong> yvela im<br />
berketiT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vupirispirdeT, rac<br />
eklesias aqvs xelT. eklesiis Zala<br />
sityvaa. Cven, sasuliero pirebi <strong>da</strong><br />
yvela is a<strong>da</strong>miani, vinc Tavs eklesiis<br />
wevrad Tvlis, maqsimalurad un<strong>da</strong><br />
SevecadoT, msgavs sibinZures win<br />
aRvudgeT, oRond _ yovelnairi<br />
Zaladobis gareSe.<br />
Tvis batonob<strong>da</strong> erTi Sexeduleba, romelzec un<strong>da</strong><br />
yofiliyo sworeba. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva institucia mudmivad<br />
amisaken mogviwodebs: an mmarTveli partia, an<br />
eklesia, an vinme inteleqtuali ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom misi<br />
azri erTaderTi <strong>da</strong> xelTuqmnelia. ar vmsjelobdiT<br />
<strong>da</strong> arc axla vmsjelobT. me ar maxsovs arc<br />
erTi sajaro diskusia Temaze, aris Tu ara gamoxatvis<br />
Tavisufleba konfliqtSi saxelmwifo samar-<br />
Tlis raRac dokumentTan, an religiis kanonebTan.<br />
diskusiis ararseboba mniSvnelovani xarvezia.<br />
64 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
nino beqiSvili: gavixsenoT is meTodebi, rasac<br />
Cveni xelisufleba pirvel wlebSi iyeneb<strong>da</strong>, roca<br />
Cven yoveldRe teleeTeriT vuyurebdiT tele<strong>da</strong>-<br />
Werebs _ roca a<strong>da</strong>mianebs sakuTrebas arTmevdnen,<br />
roca Zalis ga<strong>da</strong>metebiT <strong>da</strong>iWires basil mkalaviSvili<br />
<strong>da</strong> a. S. Cven SeveCvieT Zaladobis cqeras.<br />
amgvari telemedia <strong>da</strong> amgvari ganwyobebi uxsnis Tu<br />
ara gzas, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, moZaladeebs?<br />
nato zazaSvili: 9 apriliT rom <strong>da</strong>viwyoT <strong>da</strong> gamovyveT,<br />
vnaxavT, ramdeni konfliqti mox<strong>da</strong>. Cven<br />
samoqalaqo omi <strong>da</strong> araerTi eTnokonfliqti ga<strong>da</strong>vitaneT<br />
<strong>da</strong> iqi<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli Zaladoba yoveldRiuri<br />
cxovrebis Semadgeneli nawili gax<strong>da</strong>. bolo<br />
wlebis movlenebs am procesis nawilad aRviqvam.<br />
me, rogorc profesionals _ fsiqologs, mawuxebs<br />
is, Tu rogori <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT, intonaciiT<br />
xdeba urTierTobis garkveva. makvirvebs sazogadoebis<br />
mzadyofna, momentalurad Seqmnas mtris<br />
xati. SeiZleba raRacas ar eTanxmebode, Sinaganad<br />
agresiac gagiCndes, magram es ar niSnavs, rom xeli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> vkraT a<strong>da</strong>mians. rac un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes, yovel-<br />
Tvis SeiZleba pirobiTad, Seni mowinaaRmdege mainc<br />
Sen gverdiT <strong>da</strong>tovo. amis magaliTia mSoblis <strong>da</strong><br />
Svilis urTierToba, rodesac maT Soris konfliqtia.<br />
iSviaTad xdeba, rom de<strong>da</strong>m Svili napralis<br />
iqiT ga<strong>da</strong>tyorcnos. Tu amis gakeTeba sakuTar<br />
SvilebTan SegviZlia, sxvis SvilebTanac un<strong>da</strong> SevZloT.<br />
rodesac konfliqtur situaciaSi myof<br />
col-qmarTan vmuSobT, pirveli win ga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli<br />
nabijia, rodesac urTierT<strong>da</strong>bralebis terminebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
vaxerxebT <strong>da</strong> saubari mizezebis Ziebisken migvyavs.<br />
es advili ar aris, gansakuTrebiT, roca<br />
saqme bavSvebs exebaT. zogjer mSoblebi bavSvebs<br />
iseT mZime pirobebSi amyofeben, rom SeiZleba Sinaganad<br />
Zalian agresiuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba mqondes<br />
mSoblis mimarT, magram amas arasdros gamovxatav.<br />
roca a<strong>da</strong>miani mrisxanebaSia, xdeba cnobierebis<br />
Seviwroeba, fokusi viwrovdeba, xe<strong>da</strong>v marto erT<br />
wertils <strong>da</strong> goneba blokirebulia, moqmedeb mxolod<br />
impulsebiT <strong>da</strong> kontrols aRar eqvemdebarebi.<br />
ojaxSi Zaladoba <strong>da</strong> saerTod Zaladoba erTmaneTs<br />
hgavs. ojaxSi Sexla-Semoxla xdeba col-qmars Soris,<br />
amas bavSvi xe<strong>da</strong>vs. saRamos ki yvela televizorTan<br />
jdeba <strong>da</strong> uyreben, magaliTad, 7 noembris<br />
kadrebs. amiT isini <strong>da</strong>sturs iReben, rom maTi saqcieli<br />
gamarTlebulia: saxelmwifo, romlis xelSicaa<br />
Zalaufleba _ moZaladea. mozardi meore dRes<br />
quCaSi gadis, Tan <strong>da</strong>na udevs jibeSi <strong>da</strong> aravin ar<br />
aris mis gverdiT, vinc <strong>da</strong>elaparakeba. mgonia, amaze<br />
un<strong>da</strong> vifiqroT _ ras fiqroben, ra stkivaT, ra<br />
moswonT am bavSvebs. maT <strong>da</strong>xmareba sWirdebaT, rom<br />
moZaladeebad ar iqcnen.
lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: Cven ramdenime tipis kanons<br />
vemorCilebiT. erTi mxriv aris religiuri kanoni,<br />
meore mxriv _ civilizebuli, anu samoqalaqo kanonebi,<br />
romelsac un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vemorCiloT, rogorc am qveynis<br />
moqalaqeebi. CvenSi isev Zlieria a<strong>da</strong>T-wesobrivi<br />
samarTali. Cvens cxovrebaSi did rols asrulebs<br />
e.w. tradiciuli normebi, romelsac mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc<br />
did winaRmdegobas ver vuwevT. amave dros 1994<br />
wli<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqti<br />
gax<strong>da</strong>. Tu Cven varT sekularuli saxelmwifo<br />
<strong>da</strong> gvin<strong>da</strong> civilizebuli samyaros nawilad viqceT,<br />
maSin un<strong>da</strong> vaRiaroT, rom yvela sxva samarTalTan<br />
mimarTebaSi, primati saerTaSoriso samarTals aqvs.<br />
nino beqiSvili: qarTveli mosamarTleebi saqmeebis<br />
ganxilvisas iSviTad mimarTaven saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTals.<br />
lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: xSirad maT isic ar ician,<br />
rom saerTaSoriso samarTals primati aqvs. amis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, saerTaSoriso samarTliT garantirebuli<br />
uflebebi bevr moqalaqes, saxelmwifo moxeles, politikoss<br />
Tu sasuliero pirs gacnobierebuli ar<br />
aqvs <strong>da</strong> ar esmis, rom amis gareSe qveyana, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
vcxovrobT, ver gaxdeba civilizebuli <strong>da</strong> ver ganvviTardebiT.<br />
nino beqiSvili: erekle deisaZis wigni, savaraudod,<br />
mxolod sababi iyo. konfliqti ar <strong>da</strong>wyebula<br />
guSin. bolo wlebis manZilze garkveuli sixSiriT<br />
amgvari SemTxvevebi xdebo<strong>da</strong>. Tuki vaRiarebT saqarTvelos<br />
konstitucias <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobas,<br />
romelic icavs Cveni gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas,<br />
maSin ra un<strong>da</strong> vqnaT? arseboben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />
romlebic amboben, rom wignebi un<strong>da</strong> aikrZalos, kanonmdebloba<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ixedos <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
levan berZeniSvili: es martivi saqme ar aris. deisaZes<br />
aqvs ufleba, weros, rac un<strong>da</strong>. rac Seexeba am<br />
organizacias <strong>da</strong> mis Zaladobas _ qalbatonma natom<br />
ojaxur Zaladobaze isaubra, magram organizebuli<br />
Zaladoba gansxvavdeba erTi piris Zaladobisgan.<br />
koleqtiur Zaladobas aqvs erTi Tavisebureba. am<br />
Taviseburebas kacobrioba gaecno iseTi formiT,<br />
rom mere Sercxva <strong>da</strong> warmoudgeneli dokumenti<br />
<strong>da</strong>do 1948 wlis 10 dekembers. dRes `a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias~ veravin ver<br />
<strong>da</strong>wers <strong>da</strong> ar arsebobs saxelmwifo, romelic mas<br />
dRes miiReb<strong>da</strong>. yvela religiuri konfesia ewinaaRmdegeba<br />
am dokuments, es normaluricaa, asec un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos. es deklaracia yvelaferze maRla <strong>da</strong>dga swored<br />
imitom, rom misma Semqmnelebma warmoudgeneli<br />
sisastike naxes.<br />
lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />
diskusia<br />
erTi mxriv, arsebobs ukiduresad<br />
liberaluri azri <strong>da</strong> meore<br />
mxriv _ ukiduresad fanatikuri<br />
Sexedulebebi. SuaSi ki araferia.<br />
Tuki demokratiis, liberalizmis<br />
evropul istorias ga<strong>da</strong>vxe<strong>da</strong>vT,<br />
vnaxavT, rom iyo raRac warmodgenebi,<br />
Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong> maTi sapirispiro<br />
ideebi <strong>da</strong> swored sapirispiros<br />
gaCenis Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong> qveynebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sexedulebebis ganviTarebas<br />
SesaZlebloba.<br />
Zaladoba Zaladobas warmoSobs. Cven amdeni xania,<br />
vuyurebT sxva qveynebSi amas. Tu israeli Zaladobs,<br />
maSin arabebi afeTqeben <strong>da</strong> Tu arabebi afeTqeben,<br />
maSin israeli Zaladobs. es ar <strong>da</strong>mTavrdeba,<br />
vidre ar moiZebneba raime formula. Cven sazogadoebas<br />
komunisturi ideologia moaxvies Tavs. vinc<br />
ar eTanxmebo<strong>da</strong>, imas mixe<strong>da</strong>vdnen. naxevarma qveyanam<br />
<strong>da</strong>xoca qveynis meore naxevari. komunistebis dros<br />
Cven gamovtoveT ganviTarebis faza, CamovrCiT.<br />
xolo Cven, qarTvelebi, vinai<strong>da</strong>n ar vflobdiT saerTo<br />
saxelmwifos 800 wlis ganmavlobaSi, gansaku-<br />
Trebulad CamovrCiT _ ufro metad, vidre baltiis<br />
qveynebi.<br />
saqarTveloSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> moTxovna `erTze~. magali-<br />
Tad, moiTxoven, gaerTiandes mTeli opozicia.<br />
naTelia, vinc amas iTxovs, is xval gcems, imitom,<br />
rom is `erTs~ iTxovs. erTisadmi aseTi brma rwmenaa,<br />
moiTxoven, rom mTeli nacia erTis garSemo Seikras,<br />
yvelas un<strong>da</strong> hqondes erTi azri, yvelas un<strong>da</strong><br />
ecvas ase, yvela un<strong>da</strong> iyos aseTi. me gansakuTrebiT<br />
momewona, roca axalgazr<strong>da</strong> axalgazr<strong>da</strong>s uxsni<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ra un<strong>da</strong> Caicvas.<br />
nino beqiSvili: saqarTvelo Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan xdeba Tanamedrove<br />
msoflios nawili <strong>da</strong> am pirobebSi eklesia<br />
ver iqneba erTaderTi azrTa mpyrobeli, rogorc<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 65
diskusia<br />
_ bevri saukunis manZilze. Tu aris eklesiaSi dialogi<br />
imis Sesaxeb, ra gamowvevebis winaSe dgas dRes<br />
eklesia Tanamedrove samyaroSi? es ar aris marto<br />
qarTuli eklesiis problema. amave dilemis winaSe<br />
albaT bevri sxva religiuri organizaciac dgas.<br />
mama vladimeri: eklesia ar aris marto ierarqebi,<br />
arc marto mrevli. es erTi mTlianobaa. ra Tqma<br />
nato zazaSvili<br />
me, rogorc profesionals _<br />
fsiqologs, mawuxebs is, Tu rogori<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT, intonaciiT<br />
xdeba urTierTobis garkveva.<br />
makvirvebs sazogadoebis mzadyofna,<br />
momentalurad Seqmnas mtris xati.<br />
SeiZleba raRacas ar eTanxmebode,<br />
Sinaganad agresiac gagiCndes,<br />
magram es ar niSnavs, rom xeli un<strong>da</strong><br />
vkraT a<strong>da</strong>mians. rac un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes,<br />
yovelTvis SeiZleba pirobiTad, Seni<br />
mowinaaRmdege mainc Sen gverdiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>tovo.<br />
un<strong>da</strong>, saqarTvelos eklesia axali gamowvevebis winaSe<br />
dgas, es bunebrivia. magram rac brZaneT, rom<br />
istoriis manZilze eklesia iyo azrTa erTaderTi<br />
mpyrobeli, mTlad ase ar yofila. eklesia yovel-<br />
Tvis cdilob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> dResac cdilobs, rom sazogadoeba<br />
iyos jansaRi. ar vici, Tu vinme fiqrobs, rom<br />
homoseqsualebi <strong>da</strong> aseTi ukuRmarTobebi sijansa-<br />
Ris maxasiaTebelia, amas marTlmadidebeli eklesia,<br />
me marTlmadidebelTa saxeliT vsaubrob, ver<br />
Seegueba. ar mgonia, rom muslimebi <strong>da</strong> iudevelebi<br />
amas gagebiT Sexvdnen. es arabunebrivia <strong>da</strong> xSirad<br />
es a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, ufro metad moZaladeebi arian. deisaZes<br />
<strong>da</strong> mis msgavsebs vgulisxmob. gvikiJineben, _<br />
amis ufleba gvaqvso. ki batono, Cven aravis sawer<br />
magi<strong>da</strong>sTan ar vusxedvarT, <strong>da</strong> veravis vukrZala-<br />
66 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
vT <strong>da</strong> arc avukrZalavT, imitom rom yvelas Tavisi<br />
azri aqvs; magram Semdeg am wignebs did propagan<strong>da</strong>s<br />
uweven <strong>da</strong> reklamas ukeTeben.<br />
nino beqiSvili: erekle deisaZis wigns reklama<br />
swored im kampaniam gauwia, rac mis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
aagores.<br />
mama vladimeri: SeiZleba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis<br />
niRbiT sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianis, an a<strong>da</strong>mianTa jgufis religiur<br />
Tu moralur Rirebulebebs Seuracxyofa<br />
mivayenoT? cema-tyepa calsaxad miuRebelia, amaze<br />
ar aris saubari, magram aris institutebi, maT Soris<br />
saqarTveloSic, romlebic mizanmimarTulad<br />
uweven propagan<strong>da</strong>s aRviraxsnilobas. ratom ar xdebo<strong>da</strong><br />
amgvari ram Svidi, rva, aTi wlis winaT? maSin<br />
ar iyvnen saqarTveloSi homoseqsualebi? eklesia<br />
<strong>da</strong> yvela moralurad mdgradi organizacia, iqneba<br />
es religiuri Tu sxva, ver Seegueba, Tvisobrivad<br />
ver miiRebs <strong>da</strong> ver waaxalisebs amoralurobas.<br />
nino beqiSvili: internetis epoqaSi uxamsobisgan,<br />
Zaladobisgan, pornografiisgan aravinaa <strong>da</strong>culi.<br />
saqarTveloSi irans ver SevqmniT. iranSi msgavsi<br />
araferi iwereba. vinc <strong>da</strong>wers, maSinve Tavs moWrian<br />
an CamoaxrCoben.<br />
mama vladimeri: aravin ambobs, rom quCaSi vinme<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viWiroT, an vinmes rame avukrZaloT. am<br />
yvelafers sityviT <strong>da</strong> yvela im berketiT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vupirispirdeT,<br />
rac eklesias aqvs xelT. eklesiis<br />
Zala sityvaa. Cven, sasuliero pirebi <strong>da</strong> yvela is<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani, vinc Tavs eklesiis wevrad Tvlis, maqsimalurad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SevecadoT, msgavs sibinZures win<br />
aRvudgeT, oRond _ yovelnairi Zaladobis gareSe.<br />
erovnuli Rirebulebebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vicvaT Tu ara?<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vicvaT Tu ara zogadsakacobrio moraluri<br />
Rirebulebebi? amazea saubari. gvikiJineben, _<br />
Tqven ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvaT, <strong>da</strong> Cven es yvelaferi un<strong>da</strong><br />
vnergoTo. ase ar SeiZleba.<br />
lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: un<strong>da</strong> SevTanxmdeT, ra meTodebiT<br />
vicavT Rirebulebebs. cxadia, eklesias aqvs<br />
ufleba, raRac ar moewonos <strong>da</strong> amaze isaubros.<br />
mama vladimeri: eklesia a<strong>da</strong>mianTa erTobaa, is<br />
cocxali organizmia. roca misTvis wmi<strong>da</strong>Tawmi<strong>da</strong>s<br />
Seuracxyofen, cota Znelia TavSekaveba. TavSekaveba<br />
im gagebiT, rom mere sapasuxo agresia ar wamovides.<br />
pirveli agresori Seuracxmyofelia, magali-<br />
Tad _ deisaZe. viRacebi a<strong>da</strong>mianis moralur mxareze<br />
Zaladoben. eklesiis cneba, iciT, ra gaxlavT? erT<br />
loyaSi rom gagartyamen, meore un<strong>da</strong> miuSviro.
srulyofis gzaze un<strong>da</strong> midiode. Tuki pirovnebebs<br />
rame eSlebaT, amaSi eklesia <strong>da</strong>mnaSave ar aris.<br />
eklesia aris saxareba <strong>da</strong> wmi<strong>da</strong> werili. eklesia ar<br />
aris viRac cdomili pirovneba. ase iyo saukuneebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. qristianoba gvaswavlis, _ giyvardes<br />
Seni mteri <strong>da</strong> ulocevdiT mawyevarTa TqvenTao.<br />
levan berZeniSvili: raSi sWirdeba saqarTvelos,<br />
Cvens qveyanas, mis sazogadoebas `marTlmadidebel<br />
mSobelTa kavSiri~? seriozulad vkiTxulob.<br />
gulaSvili rom ar gvWirdeba, es ukve `marTlmadidebel<br />
mSobelTa kavSirmac~ icis. es kavSiri ras<br />
akeTebs? eklesias rame funqcia aklia, <strong>da</strong> eseni avseben?<br />
Tu es eklesiis komkavSiria? aseTi moZaladeebi<br />
komkavSirlebi iyvnen. Cems axalgazrdobaSi<br />
eklesiaSi Sesvlas komunisturi partiis wevrebi ki<br />
ar gvikrZalavdnen, aramed _ komkavSirlebi. vTvli,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>mnaSavea sazogadoeba, romelic ambobs, _<br />
mere ra, iyos cota moeqstremisto organizaciebico.<br />
me arasamTavrobo organizaciis xelmZRvaneli<br />
viyavi wlebis ganmavlobaSi, vicnob am seqtors <strong>da</strong><br />
min<strong>da</strong> vikiTxo, _ riTi arsebobs `marTlmadidebel<br />
mSobelTa kavSiri~?! am sferos kargad vicnob <strong>da</strong><br />
vici, SemosawiriT ver iarsebebs arc erTi organizacia,<br />
e.i. sponsori hyavT, romelic <strong>da</strong>farulia,<br />
rac imas niSnavs, rom gamWvirvale ar aris. is finansebi,<br />
romlebic gamWvirvale ar aris, ar miekuTvneba<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebas. mafiac samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebis wevri iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, finansebis xarjva <strong>da</strong><br />
is brZanebebi, romlebic gaicema, gamWvirvale rom<br />
iyos.<br />
nato zazaSvili: erTia, roca viRac akontrolebs,<br />
viRac afinansebs, magram es <strong>da</strong>mfinanseblebi, rogorc<br />
wesi, noyier nia<strong>da</strong>gs pouloben a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi,<br />
romlebic gulwrfelad ijereben, gulwrfelad<br />
mihyvebian maT. vfiqrob, Cveni sazogadoeba mZime<br />
krizisSia. ukanasknel ocwleulSi marto politikuri,<br />
ekonomikuri, socialuri krizisi ki ar iyo,<br />
aramed iyo kulturuli, moraluri, fsiqologiuri<br />
_ yvelanairi krizisi. SeiZleba esec iyos imis mizezi,<br />
rom viRac wers <strong>da</strong> mimarTavs TviTgamoxatvis<br />
aseT mZafr formas. viRacas aseTi reaqcia aqvs <strong>da</strong><br />
Tvlis, rom es misaRebia, un<strong>da</strong> rom iyviros, xmamaRla<br />
gamoxatos protesti. a<strong>da</strong>mianis aseTi sulieri<br />
mdgomareoba yuradRebamisaqcevia. es SemTxveviT<br />
ar xdeba. ar vgulisxmob, rom CemTan movidnen <strong>da</strong><br />
me fsiqoTerapiis kurss Cavutareb. eklesias Zalian<br />
didi resursi aqvs <strong>da</strong> mgoni, SeuZlia, gamoiyenos<br />
sazogadoebis sasargeblod.<br />
levan berZeniSvili: erTi ram un<strong>da</strong> vTqva deisa-<br />
Zis <strong>da</strong>sacavad. deisaZe Semc<strong>da</strong>ria <strong>da</strong>, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c me<br />
levan berZeniSvili<br />
aqamde mivediT imitom, rom kanonebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> deklarirebuli Rirebulebebi<br />
erTi mimarTulebiT midis,<br />
sazogadoebrivi cxovreba ki _<br />
sxva mxares. sazogadoeba xSirad<br />
sajarod acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom kanoni ar<br />
aris mniSvnelovani, rom arsebobs<br />
iseTi ram, rac kanonze maRla<br />
dgas. magaliTad, Tuki samSoblos<br />
interesebi moiTxovs, SeiZleba kanoni<br />
<strong>da</strong>irRves.<br />
vici, eklesia un<strong>da</strong> loculobdes deisaZisTvis, rom<br />
man swori gza ipovos. `marTlmadidebel mSobelTa<br />
kavSiri~ ki ar loculobs, aramed scems deisaZes.<br />
figuralurad vambob, pira<strong>da</strong>d is ver moixelTes.<br />
esaa gansxvaveba. arc imis mjera, rom eklesia viRacas<br />
ubrZanebs, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi scemon. `marTlmadidebel<br />
mSobelTa kavSiris~ wevrebi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulebi arian,<br />
rom locvas Zala ar aqvs <strong>da</strong> eklesiac uZluria,<br />
amitomac scemen. rac Seexeba baton isakaZes, Cemi<br />
azriT, is aSkarad xulignuri qvena grZnobiT karnaxob<strong>da</strong><br />
universitetTan, vin un<strong>da</strong> gaelaxaT <strong>da</strong> vin _<br />
ara. aq eklesia arafer SuaSi ar aris. ubralod, im<br />
monetSi mas anafora ar ecva, man qriste ar Seimosa.<br />
mama vladimeri: me ar minaxavs es.<br />
diskusia<br />
levan berZeniSvili: rom vnaxe, imitom geubnebiT.<br />
pira<strong>da</strong>d iq ar vyofilvar, magram mere vuyure. mTel<br />
msoflios aqvs saSualeba, `iuTubze~ es kadrebi naxos,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c Cans, rom isakaZe warmarTav<strong>da</strong> Zaladobas.<br />
namdvilad konteqsti<strong>da</strong>n amoglejili aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>jildoeba. is, marTalia, sxva ramis gamo mox<strong>da</strong>,<br />
magram es ambebi un<strong>da</strong> gaeTvaliswinebinaT. sajarod<br />
keTilad ar un<strong>da</strong> moexseniebinaT kaci, romelic,<br />
yvelam vnaxeT, ra procesebsac warmarTav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 67
esei<br />
isev birsi gamaxsen<strong>da</strong><br />
avtori: aka morCilaZe<br />
axla gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, swored rom samoc<strong>da</strong>aTian wlebSi iyo<br />
wignebis aseTi seria, albaT erT-erTi yvelaze kargi <strong>da</strong><br />
moqnili seria im droSi <strong>da</strong> erqva `erTi moTxroba~.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wignebi arc iyo, aramed patara,<br />
Txeli rveulebi, momcro zomisa. TiTo rveulSi, mwerlis<br />
TiTo moTxroba iyo, isinic albaT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva zomisa.<br />
y<strong>da</strong>s feradi zoli gasdev<strong>da</strong>, romelze<strong>da</strong>c TeTrad<br />
ewera saTauri. ydis marcxena kuTxeSi mwerlis foto<br />
iyo, rogorc wesi, Zalian retuSirebuli <strong>da</strong> mixatulmoxatuli.<br />
etyoba im droSi an Wir<strong>da</strong> an ra vici, xerxebi<br />
ar iyo fotos sufTad <strong>da</strong>beWdvisa.<br />
fotos qveS ki mwerlis gvari <strong>da</strong> saxeli ewera. marjvena<br />
ze<strong>da</strong> kuTxeSi ki seriis logo iyo, gaSlili gragnili<br />
<strong>da</strong> zed kalami, iqave warwera, `erTi moTxroba~.<br />
ar vici ra mizeziT <strong>da</strong> es wignakebi blomad gvqon<strong>da</strong>.<br />
etyoba mamaCemi yidulob<strong>da</strong> xolme, xels gamoayoleb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
cxadia, Zalian iafi wignakebi iyo, Cemi varaudiT, ase<br />
oci kapiki eRirebo<strong>da</strong>. albaT arc iyo gaTvlili didx-<br />
68 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
amroz birsi<br />
ans Sesanaxad <strong>da</strong> arc Semonaxula, razec gvarianad mwydeba<br />
guli, bolomde mqon<strong>da</strong> erTi <strong>da</strong> mere aRar vici<br />
sad wavi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
qarTveli mwerlebisa am seriaSi erTi moTxroba<br />
maxsovs, guram gegeSiZisa. gvarianad SemaSina am<br />
moTxrobam. albaT imitom rom patara viyavi, xom ici,<br />
Tan rom mogewoneba <strong>da</strong> Tan rom SegeSindeba. marTla Zalian<br />
patara viyavi imis sakiTxavad. ufro ki ucxoelebi<br />
maxsovs.<br />
iq iyo trumen kapotes `bavSvebi <strong>da</strong>badebis dReze~,<br />
simenonis `Ria fanjara~, Tu raRac aseTi, hemingueis<br />
`kilimanjaros Tovliani mTa~ <strong>da</strong> ambroz birsis `SemTxveva<br />
Wotiswylis xidze~.<br />
simenoni im fotoze ratomRac fernandels hgav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
heminguei zangiviT iyo <strong>da</strong> iRimo<strong>da</strong> rogorc arasdros<br />
gauRimia <strong>da</strong> kapote iyurebo<strong>da</strong> sadRac, SoreTSi.<br />
saqme marTlac eg aris, rom CemTvis arasdros uTqvams<br />
vinmes, es waikiTxe <strong>da</strong> es ar waikiTxoo, rogorRac<br />
egre gamovi<strong>da</strong>. raRacas ki mirCevdnen es waikiTxeo, ro
gorc bavSvebs urCeven xolme, magram amas jerjerobiT<br />
nu miadgebio aravis uTqvams. ho<strong>da</strong>, egre gamovi<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
`kilimanjaros Tovliani mTa~ dRemde ar wamikiTxavs.<br />
ar wamikiTxavs rogor, maxsovs rom ga<strong>da</strong>keTebulSi gregori<br />
peki TamaSobs <strong>da</strong> im films hefi endi aqvs, Torem<br />
momkali <strong>da</strong> odesme wamakiTxe eg wigni. ise, vTvli, rom<br />
wakiTxuli maqvs, imitom rom im seriaSi wavikiTxe. ra<br />
Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, bevri veraferi gavige <strong>da</strong> dRemde <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
var, rom saukeTeso am moTxrobaSi misi epigrafia.<br />
anu Semdgomi ambavi saWiro aRar aris. im kai<br />
kacs SeeZlo yinulebSi moxvedril leopardze <strong>da</strong>ewera,<br />
oRon<strong>da</strong>c maSin ufro a<strong>da</strong>mianebze wera iyo mo<strong>da</strong>Si <strong>da</strong><br />
ara ambebze. ase iyo, Tu ise, im wignze ki guli aRar<br />
mimivi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
simenonze mivxvdi, rom iyo iq raRac mouxelTebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong> ostaturi. maSin eg sityva ar vicodi, rasakvirvelia.<br />
oRond, ratomRac maxsovs is dRe, roca am moTxrobas<br />
vkiTxulobdi <strong>da</strong> Tan samzareulos fanjri<strong>da</strong>n viyurebodi.<br />
kargi amindi iyo, SabaTi, <strong>da</strong> albaT ukve gviani<br />
gazafxuli. mere raRac kargi mox<strong>da</strong>. kargi ra, sasiamovno.<br />
nametania, Svidi wlis rom xar <strong>da</strong> am wignebs ar<br />
gamogarTmeven xeli<strong>da</strong>n. albaT imitom vkiTxulobdi,<br />
rom saqme <strong>da</strong> gasarTobi araferi mqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ezoSic ar<br />
gamiSves. ras gaugeb.<br />
kapote Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve uarvyavi, ar vici ratom, albaT<br />
saTauri ar momewona. xo<strong>da</strong>, maxsovs, rogor wavikiTxe<br />
birsi.<br />
am wignakebi<strong>da</strong>n, birsis wignaki erTaderTi iyo,<br />
romelsac avtoris foto ar amSveneb<strong>da</strong>. etyoba ver<br />
iSoves, arsad iyo sabWoTa sawigne SesanaxebSi <strong>da</strong> arc<br />
is vici, birsis wignebi gamoicemo<strong>da</strong> Tu ara sabWoTa<br />
kavSirSi xSirad.<br />
birsis fotos nacvlad wigns amSveneb<strong>da</strong> sibneleSi,<br />
Sav siluetebad mavali kaci <strong>da</strong> kaktusi.<br />
moTxrobas ki, rogorc mogaxseneT, erqva `SemTxveva<br />
Wotiswylis xidze~.<br />
gavigJdi ra. eg ro wavikiTxe gavgiJdi. ise <strong>da</strong>mwy<strong>da</strong><br />
guli <strong>da</strong> ise avReldi.<br />
iq egeTi ambavia, rom kaci un<strong>da</strong> CamoaxrCon jariskacebma<br />
<strong>da</strong> TiTqos es kaci ga<strong>da</strong>rCeba, ReleSi gacuravs,<br />
mere ki irkveva, rom es mxolod misi fiqrebi yofila<br />
CamoxrCobis dros. aba, guli ar gagiskdeba?<br />
CamoxrCobis ambisa maSin vicodi, rom ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
u<strong>da</strong>naSauloebs CamoaxrCoben xolme. ratomRac kinoebSi<br />
sakmaod xSirad Can<strong>da</strong> CamoxrCobebi <strong>da</strong> sikvdiliT<br />
<strong>da</strong>sjebi. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d revolucionerebs CamoaxrCobdnen<br />
xolme <strong>da</strong> isinic gmirulad CamoexrCobodnen.<br />
rogorc maxsovs, am CamoxrCobebis ambebi kinoebiT<br />
di<strong>da</strong>d ar moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>, radgan iq di<strong>da</strong>d ar Can<strong>da</strong> rom<br />
vinme, Tun<strong>da</strong>c CamosaxrCobi, di<strong>da</strong>d winaaRmdegia am ambisa.<br />
iq Can<strong>da</strong>, rom is imdenad mamacia, rom Tavis aRsasruls<br />
rwmeniTa <strong>da</strong> RirsebiT xvdeba, Tumca icis rom es<br />
didi usamarTlobaa.<br />
esei<br />
am moTxrobaSi ki kaci <strong>da</strong>sawyisi<strong>da</strong>nve ga<strong>da</strong>rCenis gegmas<br />
awyob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tumca, saqme egec ar iyo, rom aq Tavga<strong>da</strong>savlis ambavi<br />
iyo saintereso. saqme ferebi iyo, rogorc axla<br />
vxvdebi. rogor iyo es yvelaferi aRwerili. vaaax…<br />
aba ramdeni wlis mere Sevityve, rom birsi pure inglisuris<br />
ostati iyo <strong>da</strong> Cans, es qarTul TargmanSic<br />
gadmohyolo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tan es yvelaferi, razec is mogiTxrob<strong>da</strong>, sruliad<br />
ucxo <strong>da</strong> axali iyo, ubralod qalebis <strong>da</strong> kacebis ambavi<br />
ki ar iyo, kidev raRac meti. kaci iyo samxreTeli<br />
plantatori, jariskacebi _ Crdiloelebi <strong>da</strong> imitom<br />
axrCobdnen, rom man swored am Wotiswylis xidis <strong>da</strong>ngreva<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita erTi jaSuSis CagonebiT. anu, TviTon<br />
ubiZges, raTa CamoxrCobis mizezi hqono<strong>da</strong>T.<br />
es plantatorobac vicodi mgoni. didi sazizRari<br />
rame iyo, `biZia Tomas qoxi<strong>da</strong>n~ gamomdinare, magram es<br />
CamosaxrCobi kaci sazizRari ar Can<strong>da</strong>.<br />
an ras omobdnen erTmaneTSi, xom saerTod…<br />
birsis wignebi rusulad ar menaxa-meTqi <strong>da</strong> moTxrobebic<br />
imdeni ar hqon<strong>da</strong>, rom uamravi wigni gamosuliyo.<br />
birsi xom ufro Jurnalisti iyo, dRes rogorc ityvian,<br />
cxeli wertilebisa, <strong>da</strong> manamde ki sabrZolo Wrilobebi<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong>, raic mTeli cxovreba stanjav<strong>da</strong>. bolos,<br />
ukve moxuci, samoc<strong>da</strong>aTi wlisa gaqan<strong>da</strong> meqsikaSi iqauri<br />
samoqalaqo omis gemos asaRebad <strong>da</strong> iqav <strong>da</strong>ikarga.<br />
aravin icis misi saflavi.<br />
axirebuli kaci iyo, Semtevi, mwarekalmiani Jurnalisti,<br />
Tavisi Jurnalistika tomebad gamosca sanam<br />
cocxali iyo.<br />
komunistebis droSi egeTi gamomcemloba iyo, `progresi~,<br />
romelic inglisurad uSveb<strong>da</strong> wignebs. ho<strong>da</strong>,<br />
birsis erTi krebuli mqon<strong>da</strong> swored im gamomcemlobisa.<br />
patara iyo, jibeSi eteo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> erT student gogos<br />
miveci.<br />
aRar maxsovs, ratom <strong>da</strong>interes<strong>da</strong> birsiT, me ar<br />
mixsenebia. mgoni imitom, rom raRac amis msgavsze<br />
velaparakebodi, Zvel Jurnalistebze.<br />
mgoni amaze sadRac <strong>da</strong>vwere ukve, Tu raRac deJa-vius<br />
ambavia, ar vici.<br />
esec birsis pontia, uyvar<strong>da</strong> deJa-viuze <strong>da</strong> aseT rameebze<br />
wera.<br />
perestroikis dros misi wignebi <strong>da</strong>iyara, ufro sworad<br />
erTi <strong>da</strong> igive krebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva y<strong>da</strong>Si. viyide,<br />
gaqra, viyide, gaqra. Cinikosis leqsikoni <strong>da</strong> aseTebi.<br />
qarTula<strong>da</strong>c gamoCn<strong>da</strong> is Zveli moTxroba, oRond<br />
cota sxva saTauriT, `SemTxveva busnakadis xidze~. anu<br />
Wotiswylis <strong>da</strong> busnakadis. oul qreeq.<br />
axla imis moyola ar min<strong>da</strong>, ranairi mwerali iyo birsi,<br />
risa sjero<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ris ar sjero<strong>da</strong>. cxadia, rom bevris<br />
arafrisa sjero<strong>da</strong>. ise ki, gvarianad Znelia im dros<br />
wero, roca mark tveni, bret harti, stiven kreini, jek<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 69
esei<br />
londoni, o’henri <strong>da</strong> aseTebi weren <strong>da</strong> iseTi rameebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>tovo, rom ar gamorCeT <strong>da</strong> sul arsebobdes.<br />
axla rom Sexedo, rac amerikelebs omze uweriaT.<br />
igive heminguei, mTeli es <strong>da</strong>karguli Taobis ambebi,<br />
mTeli es vietnamis biWebi. ra vici, blomad uweriaT<br />
<strong>da</strong> birsi ki amaT yvelas sjobs. birss bevris arafrisa<br />
sjero<strong>da</strong>-meTqi <strong>da</strong> mgoni imitomac, rom Zalian axlos<br />
ico<strong>da</strong> omi. imgvarad axlos, rom mgoni arc erT mwerals<br />
ar scodnia.<br />
is, rom birsi mamaci <strong>da</strong> TavzexelaRebuli kaci iyo,<br />
sulac ar niSnavs, rom raime imedi hqon<strong>da</strong> omebisa, an<strong>da</strong><br />
moswon<strong>da</strong> omi. omSi siaruli misTvis mxolod saqme<br />
<strong>da</strong> honoraric ar iyo. es ubedureba iyo. raRacnairi,<br />
didi imedgacrueba, romelSic yovel jerze midio<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> TiTqos ico<strong>da</strong>, iq ra <strong>da</strong>xvdebo<strong>da</strong>. magram mainc midio<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom kidev erTxel <strong>da</strong>enaxa <strong>da</strong> kidev erTxel ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>ejerebina sikeTisa <strong>da</strong> imedisaTvis.<br />
me mgoni, ase iyo.<br />
kidev erTxel ar erwmuna <strong>da</strong> kidev erTxel <strong>da</strong>ewera.<br />
egeTi moTxroba aqvs, `aWedili fanjara~. romeli<br />
erTi.<br />
isic aris, rom birsma moulodneli <strong>da</strong>bruneba icis.<br />
ise uceb gagaxsendeba, mTlianad, rac wagikiTxavs<br />
misi, rom gikvirs. is raRacnaira<strong>da</strong>a Cabmuli uamrav<br />
Semdgomdroindel mweralTan <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT ki<br />
amerikelebTan.<br />
amerikaSi xom birsisgan <strong>da</strong> aseTi kacebisgan ganviTar<strong>da</strong><br />
uamravi Janri <strong>da</strong> Janruli mwerloba xom saerTod.<br />
dResac, ratom gamaxsen<strong>da</strong> birsi <strong>da</strong> Wotiswylis xidis<br />
ambavi? imitom rom wuxel jeims kramlis romans<br />
vkiTxulobdi.<br />
kramli axlaxan gar<strong>da</strong>icvala, Zveli texaseli kaci iyo,<br />
nafexburTelari, nasal<strong>da</strong>Tari, nacixari. <strong>da</strong>mlevi, oTxcolganaSvebi,<br />
weras aswavli<strong>da</strong> universitetSi, raoden<br />
sakvirvelic un<strong>da</strong> iyos. Tumca, sakvirveli arc un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos, aba vin un<strong>da</strong> aswavlos wera, Tu ara aseTma kacma?<br />
kramli deteqtivebs wer<strong>da</strong>. cota <strong>da</strong>wera deteqtivebis<br />
avtoris pirobaze.<br />
70 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
trumen kapote<br />
deteqtivebis mwerlebi xom bevrs weren, rac meti,<br />
miT meti fuli <strong>da</strong> ase Semdeg. mTeli sistemaa ase. magram<br />
kramlis bevri ar <strong>da</strong>uweria ormoc weliwadSi.<br />
Tanac, arcerTi misi deteqtivi bestseleri ar Seiqna<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogorc Cans TviTonac di<strong>da</strong>d ar naRvlob<strong>da</strong> amaze.<br />
ewerebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ase moswon<strong>da</strong> rogorc ewerebo<strong>da</strong>. hardboild<br />
rom hqvia, im JanrSi muSaob<strong>da</strong>, sxvanairad rom<br />
vTqvaT, ufro <strong>da</strong>undobel <strong>da</strong> sisxlian deteqtivSi,<br />
oRon<strong>da</strong>c deteqtivebad misi wignebi didi veraferiSvili<br />
rameebi iyo. sxvanairad rom iTqvas, deteqtivobisTvis<br />
mis romanebs aravin yidulob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> amitom deteqtivis<br />
mkiTxvelebs ar uyvar<strong>da</strong>T. uyvar<strong>da</strong>T ubralod<br />
mkiTxvelebs, imitom rom kramnis rom kiTxulob, erTi<br />
rom is gaocebs, rogor ar sjera, birsisa ar iyos, <strong>da</strong><br />
meorec _ Tu rogor wers. orive SemTxvevaSi raimond<br />
Cendlers amsgavseben, is iyo misi mamobilio, magram me<br />
birsisac bevri mgonia.<br />
mokled, me asec mgonia, rom hemingueis rom samocianebis<br />
bolos <strong>da</strong>ewyo wera, kramli iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, Tavis<br />
sasmels narkotikebsac <strong>da</strong>umateb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mTlad SiSvela<br />
vietnamis Semdgomi magari biWobis amara <strong>da</strong>rCebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
sastikad <strong>da</strong>marcxebuli, magram mainc cocxali <strong>da</strong> mebrZoli,<br />
raRacis matarebeli amoTxvrili landi.<br />
xolo birss rom droSi emogzaura, kramli aucileblad<br />
moiwoneb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> etyo<strong>da</strong>, maladec Seno, modi TiTo<br />
<strong>da</strong>vlioTo.<br />
kramli imgvari stilistia, rom rodesac mokv<strong>da</strong>, misi<br />
romanebi<strong>da</strong>n amokrefili wina<strong>da</strong>debebi misave nekrologebSi<br />
moxv<strong>da</strong>. nekrologebi am citatebT iwyebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong>. ai, amisTvis vkiTxulobT kramliso.<br />
simarTle rom iTqvas, pirvelad mis nekrologi wavikiTxe<br />
<strong>da</strong> amitomac <strong>da</strong>viwye misi wignebis Zebna. povna ar<br />
gamWirvebia.<br />
iq iyo erTi wina<strong>da</strong>deba, romliTac iwyeba misi romani,<br />
romlis Sesaxebac kramlim Tqva, am wina<strong>da</strong>debas rva<br />
weliwads vwerdio.<br />
axla namdvilad ver gadmovTargmni im wina<strong>da</strong>debas,<br />
dros marTla waiRebs <strong>da</strong> Tan misi es naTqvami pasux-<br />
JorJ simenoni
vin icis, sruliad axalgazr<strong>da</strong> egeb Tava<strong>da</strong>c idga iseT xidze, Tavis moTxrobaSi<br />
rom aRwera <strong>da</strong> Tokze Camokonwialebuli gvamebic mravlad enaxa <strong>da</strong> ifiqra<br />
mravali wlis Semdeg imaze, SeuZlia Tu ara kacs, rom iocnebos CamoxrCobis win?<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc imaze, rom CamoxrCoba saSinelebaa. aris, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />
CamoxrCobas Jurnalisti aRwers. SeuZlia kacs ocneba CamoxrCobis win? ar vici.<br />
ismgeblobasac gmatebs. ise magari kaia wignis <strong>da</strong>sawyisad.<br />
ho<strong>da</strong>, birsic amitom gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
birss ara mxolod tragikuli ambis <strong>da</strong>undoblad<br />
moyola SeeZlo, aramed wina<strong>da</strong>debebsac Zalian moxdenilad<br />
awyob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saerTod kidev, mgonia, rom didi mniSvneloba ara<br />
aqvs, rodis waikiTxav wigns. Tu sisqes erevi, sulac<br />
patara rom iyo <strong>da</strong> iq iseTi ambebi eweros patara biWs<br />
rom ar esmis, STabeWdileba mainc utyuaria. axla imas<br />
ki ar vambob, mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc markiz de sadis rameebs<br />
un<strong>da</strong> etakos-meTqi. an<strong>da</strong> sad iyo Cvens bavSvobaSi de<br />
sadis raRaceebi, an<strong>da</strong> romc yofiliyo, Taroebze vin<br />
<strong>da</strong>ilageb<strong>da</strong>. de sadi, me Tu mkiTxavT, weris gagebaSi ar<br />
iyo. masSi mTavari misi pozicia <strong>da</strong> samyaros aRqma iyo,<br />
Torem frangi iyo <strong>da</strong> egre werde, roca ukve arsebobs<br />
figaro, cota uxerxulia.<br />
raRac mgoni mived-movedebi. imas vambobdi, rom rac<br />
bavSvobisas wakiTxuli<strong>da</strong>n CagrCeba, Znelad rom tyuili<br />
iyos. saerTod, eg magari ucnaurobaa, Cemi megobari<br />
meubnebo<strong>da</strong>, patara viyav, roca `don kixots~ vkiTxulobdi<br />
<strong>da</strong> dialogebs vtovebdi, ambebi maintereseb<strong>da</strong>o.<br />
mec egre viyavi.<br />
ratomRac ase iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>, rom es `don kixoti~<br />
sabavSvoa, Tu ra iyo ar vici. raxan axirebul kacze iyo,<br />
Tu.. mokled, egre iyo. mere egec ari, rom bavSvs ambavi<br />
ainteresebs. gulubryvilobas ambavi ainteresebs. rac<br />
ufro mwvelia igi, miT metad <strong>da</strong>gamaxsovrdeba. saer-<br />
Tod ucnauri rameebi gamaxsovrdeba.<br />
ai, kidev gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, raxan birsze vlaparakobT. aris<br />
egeTi amerikeli mwerali, hari qrusi. kramlis ar iyos,<br />
samxreTeli <strong>da</strong> aseve naxiStar-nawvalebi, babuobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>suli<br />
biZis ieris kaci, ro ara tydebian xolme. ho<strong>da</strong>,<br />
imas aqvs Tavis wignSi, de<strong>da</strong>Cems <strong>da</strong>vurekeo, Cems sawyal<br />
de<strong>da</strong>so, oblobaSi ro gagvzar<strong>da</strong> me <strong>da</strong> Cemi Zmao,<br />
<strong>da</strong> veubnebi, _ dedi, romani gavyide, morCa, mwerali<br />
varo. pirveli romani cxovrebaSio. gaexar<strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>Cemso,<br />
kiTxulob<strong>da</strong> Cems nawvalebs xan<strong>da</strong>xano <strong>da</strong> miTxra<br />
eg romelio, Sen ro moigone, Tu Cveni cxovreba romaa<br />
Sig aRwerilio <strong>da</strong> me vuTxari, me ro movigoneo <strong>da</strong> Ca-<br />
Cum<strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>Cemio, karga xniT CaCum<strong>da</strong>o. ra iyo, dedi,<br />
rato CaCumdio. <strong>da</strong> vfiqrobo, albaT me cotaRa mesmis<br />
samyarosi, mogonil ambavSi fuli rogor ga<strong>da</strong>gixades,<br />
eg xom tyuiliao.<br />
esei<br />
de<strong>da</strong>CemisTviso, qrusi ambobs, Cemi xelnawerebi iyo<br />
pirveli romanebi romlebic waikiTxao.<br />
es gulubryviloba cxadia maSinac arsebobs, roca<br />
bavSvi xar <strong>da</strong> multfilmebsa <strong>da</strong> urfin jusis maRla<br />
mdgom rameebs miadgebi. oRon<strong>da</strong>c maSin ver xvdebi, ra<br />
aris mwerloba, mocemuloba gaqvs: wigni <strong>da</strong> Sig arc mTlad<br />
gasagebi ambavi. igeb Tu vera, eg ambavi grZnobebs<br />
aRZravs. ho<strong>da</strong>, swored es gamaxsovrdeba.<br />
birss imdeni hqon<strong>da</strong> nanaxi <strong>da</strong> imdeni reportaJi <strong>da</strong>ewera,<br />
rom aseTebs, Cveulebriv, cota dro rCebaT gamonagonisTvis.<br />
is, rac namdvilad ginaxavs <strong>da</strong> gangicdia,<br />
gamonagonSi rom ga<strong>da</strong>gaqvs, ise un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>itano, rom<br />
TviTonac gainteresebdes. Tu sruliad gansakuTrebul<br />
weris xerxebs ar flob, es ubralod ar gin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> morCa.<br />
isic, an gamova, an _ ara. <strong>da</strong>rCeba Jurnalistikad, rogorc<br />
Salamovis ga<strong>da</strong>sarevi moTxrobebi.<br />
birss Tavad moxvedro<strong>da</strong> tyvia <strong>da</strong> roca kacs tyvia<br />
moxvedria <strong>da</strong> tyviis moxvedraze wers, ise, rom iq Tavisas<br />
arafers tovebs, weris ostatobis gar<strong>da</strong>, es kargi<br />
moTxrobaa. SeuZlia mTeli Tavisi pir<strong>da</strong>pirobiT, Jurnalisturad<br />
<strong>da</strong>weros <strong>da</strong> misi naweri namdvilad kargi<br />
iqneba, magram raxanRa icis, rom arsebobs raRac, Jurnalistobaze<br />
Zlieri <strong>da</strong> maRali, rasac SeuZlia, rom es<br />
tyvia mTels samyarod aqcios <strong>da</strong> ara ubralod sulis-<br />
SemZvrel reportaJad, suli wasZlevs, rom mwerali<br />
gaxdes.<br />
birss es SeeZlo.<br />
is igoneb<strong>da</strong> Tavis moTxrobebs.<br />
vin icis, sruliad axalgazr<strong>da</strong> egeb Tava<strong>da</strong>c idga<br />
iseT xidze, Tavis moTxrobaSi rom aRwera <strong>da</strong> Tokze<br />
Camokonwialebuli gvamebic mravlad enaxa <strong>da</strong> ifiqra<br />
mravali wlis Semdeg imaze, SeuZlia Tu ara kacs, rom<br />
iocnebos CamoxrCobis win? <strong>da</strong> ara mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc imaze,<br />
rom CamoxrCoba saSinelebaa. aris, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />
CamoxrCobas Jurnalisti aRwers.<br />
SeuZlia kacs ocneba CamoxrCobis win? ar vici.<br />
man ukeT ico<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ho<strong>da</strong>, mec bavSvobi<strong>da</strong>n mjera misi gamonagonis. ramdeni<br />
xania mjera <strong>da</strong> arasdros <strong>da</strong>mviwynia birsi. mwerlobac<br />
eg aris albaT, roca wamkiTxvels ar aviwydebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> raRac ucnauri, Camouqneli, feradi sivrce<br />
amoutivtivdeba xolme TavSi Seni saxelis gaxsenebaze.<br />
ambroz birsi. kai magari iyo im Txel wignakSi.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 71
Targmani<br />
ringze<br />
meoce saukunis pirispir<br />
norman meileris werilebi<br />
inglisuri<strong>da</strong>n Targmna irma taveliZem<br />
meore msoflio omSi monawileobis periodi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebuli,<br />
norman meileri Tavis mimoweraSi mudmivad aqtualur<br />
politikur Temebs exebo<strong>da</strong> _ gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebamde<br />
cota xniT adrec ki.<br />
bietris meilers<br />
8 agvisto, 1945<br />
Cemo patarav,<br />
atomuri bombis Seqmnas aq ufro didi gamoxmaureba<br />
mohyva, vidre germaniis mxri<strong>da</strong>n kapitulaciis gamocxadebas.<br />
prezident ruzveltis sikvdilmac aseTive<br />
miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia. Zalian <strong>da</strong>bneuli var (amas rom<br />
72 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
vwer, mxolod oficialuri gancxadeba maqvs wakiTxuli.<br />
ar vici, es rogor mox<strong>da</strong>). axla vxvdebi, ramxela zegavlenas<br />
axdens a<strong>da</strong>mianis azrovnebaze misive egoizmi. Cemi<br />
keTili `me~ yvelafers miesalmeba, rac omis periods<br />
Seamoklebs <strong>da</strong> Sin male <strong>da</strong>mabrunebs. ai, es ki xSirad<br />
upirispirdeba ufro Zvel, ufro mniSvnelovan principebs.<br />
magaliTad, imedi maqvs, rom axalwveulebiT jaris<br />
Sevseba ukve ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> Tu ase ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra, ma-<br />
Sin neli, mtanjveli demobilizaciis procesi gvelis.<br />
swored am azriT vamarTleb im instruments, romelsac,<br />
Sesabamis pirobebSi, wamierad SeuZlia uamravi a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
mospoba.
sinamdvileSi ki ra Semzaravi perspeqtivaa! sul imas<br />
vambobdiT, rom kacobrioba TviTganadgurebis gzas adgas.<br />
ho<strong>da</strong>, axla es yvelaferi ise axlos Cans, mxolod<br />
aTwleulebisa <strong>da</strong> ramdenime bombis ambavia. atomuri<br />
afeTqeba teqnikis saboloo gamarjvebas moaswavebs.<br />
roca fizikas vswavlobdi, im dros mxolod uwyinari<br />
gamoTvlebi tardebo<strong>da</strong>, es TiTqmis ganuxorcielebel<br />
<strong>da</strong> mainc Tavzar<strong>da</strong>mcem ideas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>: muxudos<br />
marcvlisodena masis atomuri energia xom savsebiT sakmarisia,<br />
raTa lokomotivma zRaprulad bevrjer ga<strong>da</strong>seros<br />
mTeli de<strong>da</strong>miwa.<br />
vfiqrob, Cveni epoqa samu<strong>da</strong>mod <strong>da</strong>asamarebs iseT cnebebs,<br />
rogoricaa a<strong>da</strong>mianis neba <strong>da</strong> masebis Zalaufleba.<br />
msoflio ramdenime politikosisa <strong>da</strong> meqanikosis xelSi<br />
aRmoCndeba _ Spengleriseuli gviandeli <strong>da</strong>savleTevropul-amerikuli<br />
civilizaciis warmomadgenlebis<br />
xelSi. me ki, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom mraval saazrovno<br />
impulss maZlevs, Spenglerianeli mainc ara var. Tu ar-<br />
Cevanis winaSe <strong>da</strong>vdgebi: is gavakeTo, rac aucilebelia,<br />
an TiTic ar gavanZrio, TiTsac ar gavanZrev, Tuki is,<br />
rac aucilebelia, gulis amrevi aRmoCndeba.<br />
marTlac saSineli perspeqtivaa, Zvirfaso. kidev<br />
erTi omi gvelis oc weliwadSi Tu ara, ormoc<strong>da</strong>aT<br />
weliwadSi mainc, <strong>da</strong> Tu naxevari msoflio ga<strong>da</strong>rCeba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, momdevno omis dros, usafrTxoebis<br />
mizniT, momavlis didi qalaqebi miwisqveS iqneba<br />
aSenebuli. a<strong>da</strong>miani cxoveliviT iq aRar icxovrebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
<strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> _ mwerebi mas aRar Seawuxeben <strong>da</strong> is, vinc<br />
samoTxes antarqtikis mkvlevariviT eZeb<strong>da</strong>, jojoxeTs<br />
aTasobiT futiT miuaxlovdeba...<br />
aq siyvarulis adgili aRar aris, me ki axla iseTi<br />
gulmokluli var. rac ufro mets vfiqrob am yvelaferze,<br />
ufro Semzaravad meCveneba. aba, romeli Senadnobi<br />
Seedreba meqanikisa <strong>da</strong> sentimentalurobis nazavs.<br />
rogor min<strong>da</strong>, amaRam mklavebSi mogiqcio.<br />
miyvarxar,<br />
normani<br />
feni <strong>da</strong> aizek meilerebs, en <strong>da</strong> deivid<br />
keslerebs<br />
4 seqtemberi, 1945<br />
Zvirfaso de<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mama, dei<strong>da</strong> nen <strong>da</strong> biZia deiv,<br />
...rogorc radios diqtorma mauwya, istoriul movlenas<br />
Sevswrebivar. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT erTi mili gvaSoreb<strong>da</strong><br />
xomald `misuris~, roca iq iaponiis kapitulaciis aqts<br />
moaweres xeli. mesiamovna, radioSi es ambavi rom gadmosces,<br />
me ki am xomalds iluminatori<strong>da</strong>n vxe<strong>da</strong>vdi.<br />
mimomxilvelma Tqva: „xatovnad Tu vityviT, tokios<br />
yuris Tavze mze amobrwyin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> naTeli mohfina aremares:<br />
kapitulaciis aqts xeli ukve moewera <strong>da</strong> mSvidobam<br />
sabolood <strong>da</strong>isadgura~. SeiZleba Tvali ise kargad<br />
ver miWris, rogorc am kacs, magram im dRes ca iseTive<br />
Rrubliani Can<strong>da</strong>, rogorc yovelTvis...<br />
Targmani<br />
miyvarxarT, Zvirfasebo,<br />
normani<br />
P.S. axla 145 funts viwoni, rogorc adre. ase rom, ar<br />
i<strong>da</strong>rdoT Cems janmrTelobaze.<br />
bietris meilers<br />
13 Tebervali, 1946<br />
gamarjoba, Cemo Steruka,<br />
amas winaT vcdilobdi, Cemi mrwamsis umTavres principebSi<br />
gavrkveuliyavi _ politikur mrwamss vgulisxmob.<br />
Tumca, sinamdvileSi, mxolod im politikur kredos<br />
vTxzavdi, romelsac im SemTxvevaSi vuerTgulebdi,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis progresulad ganviTarebis rom mjerodes.<br />
pirvel rigSi, sruliad cxadi mgonia, rom marqsistuli<br />
mTavroba erTaderTi Rirseuli mTavroba iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
magram _ marTlac Zneli warmosadgenia, es rogor un<strong>da</strong><br />
moxdes _ man a<strong>da</strong>miani ki ar un<strong>da</strong> marTos, aramed saxelmwifo.<br />
politikosi rom viyo, erTaderT rames gavakeTebdi<br />
_ axal komunistur partias Sevqmnidi, romelsac ruseTTan<br />
saerTo araferi eqnebo<strong>da</strong>. ruseTi mZuls (misi<br />
mTavroba <strong>da</strong> ara xalxi). am qveyniT Sens aRfrTovanebas<br />
ver gaviziareb. Tu <strong>da</strong>vuSvebT, rom misi agresiuloba<br />
<strong>da</strong> TviTorganizeba msoflio zewolam ganapiroba, im<br />
faqts versad gaveqceviT, rom is axla pirovnebis Tavisuflebas<br />
axSobs <strong>da</strong> totalitarizmis gzas adgas, sai<strong>da</strong>nac<br />
ukan veRar <strong>da</strong>brundeba. Cemi axali komunisturi<br />
partia nakleb mniSvnelobas mianiWeb<strong>da</strong> ekonomikasa <strong>da</strong><br />
politikas, radgan a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulis mxolod erT nawils<br />
ver <strong>da</strong>eyrdnobi, roca cxovrebis sxvagvari wesis <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba<br />
gsurs. am partiis yuradRebis centrSi moeqceo<strong>da</strong><br />
swored a<strong>da</strong>mianis pirovnuli zr<strong>da</strong>, rac yvelaze mTavaria.<br />
gaixsene Cemi mebrZoli qristiani komunistebi _ esec<br />
msgavsi ideaa. eTikas ekonomikaze ver <strong>da</strong>afuZneb, ufro<br />
gonivruli iqneba, Tu mas, vTqvaT, seqsTan mimarTebaSi<br />
ganaviTareb. amgvari komunisturi mTavroba mxolod<br />
<strong>da</strong>mxmare ram iqneba, im drois erTgvari bunebrivi warmonaqmni,<br />
roca namdvilad <strong>da</strong>afaseben Tanasworobas, zomierebas,<br />
Rirsebasa <strong>da</strong> SemoqmedebiT midgomas. Cemi azriT,<br />
amis saukeTeso magaliTs kvakerebi warmoadgenen.<br />
gasagebia, maT kargi xelmZRvanelebi hyavT, magram esec<br />
xom maTi mrwamsis bunebrivi, samarTlianad moweuli<br />
politikuri nayofia...<br />
rac <strong>da</strong>vwere, sruli absurdia, miamituri absurdi.<br />
ar mjera amis, radgan saerTod arafris mjera. Tumca,<br />
raimesi rom mjerodes, swored am principebs <strong>da</strong>vicavdi.<br />
aba, ras ityvi, patarav?...<br />
Zalian miyvarxar, Steruka,<br />
normani<br />
Jan malakes<br />
13 oqtomberi, 1956<br />
Zvirfaso Jan,<br />
...radikalad yofna ucnauri ram aris _ wlebi gadis<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 73
Targmani<br />
<strong>da</strong> ai, dgeba dro, roca <strong>da</strong>winaurebuli Tanamoazreebi<br />
aRar girekaven. vfiqrob, megobris yola didi fufunebaa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tu megobrebi Sen mimarT mometebul yuradRebas<br />
ar iCenen _ ara, arc erTi Tanamoazre Cem mimarT mometebul<br />
yuradRebas ar iCens _ maTi orbiti<strong>da</strong>n Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan<br />
gadixar. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, niu-iorkic yelSi amomivi<strong>da</strong>, es<br />
saSineli qalaqi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gaafTrebuli konkurencia mZvinvarebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> yvelgan sisastikes, sicives, nervebis<br />
wyvetas awydebi. ho, albaT asakSi Sevdivar. amas winaT<br />
koneqtikutis erT-erT sofelSi megobrebs vestumreT<br />
<strong>da</strong> saxli vnaxeT, romelic Zalian mogvewona. axla<br />
swored mas vyidulobT...<br />
ori kviris win ki _ is dro iyo, saxlis yidva rom<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>vwyviteT <strong>da</strong> qalaqSi <strong>da</strong>vbrundiT _ ZaRlebi gavaseirne<br />
(ori didi franguli pudeli) gvian RamiT, SabaTs,<br />
ara, ukve kviras _ saaTis isrebi 12-s ga<strong>da</strong>scdeno<strong>da</strong>.<br />
erT adgilas ZaRlebi gaCerdnen <strong>da</strong> raRacis qeqva<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyes. iqve, saxlTan sami moxuligno tipi <strong>da</strong>exetebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
erTma uxamsad gaixumra, meorem gaicina. mec ra-<br />
Racam momiara <strong>da</strong> im moxuligno tips vkiTxe, _ ra TqvimeTqi?<br />
Semagina, valSi arc me <strong>da</strong>vrCi <strong>da</strong> aty<strong>da</strong> erTi<br />
ambavi. miTxra, _ aba, <strong>da</strong>axvieo. SemeSin<strong>da</strong>, magram fexi<br />
74 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
ar movicvale. yvelaferi xelCarTuli CxubiT <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
am CxubSi aucileblad gavimarjvebdi, radgan, <strong>da</strong>mijere,<br />
im tipze gacilebiT Zlieri viyavi. maRali iyo,<br />
magram Cemze gamx<strong>da</strong>ri. ase, 21 wlis iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. rogorc<br />
vTqvi, aucileblad gavimarjvebdi, miwaze goraobisas<br />
CemTvis TvalebSi TiTebi rom ar etakebina, rac marTlac<br />
profesionalurad gamouvi<strong>da</strong>. xeli gavuSvi, mere<br />
cota isev vibRlarZuneT, miwaze vigoraveT, bolos ki<br />
isev TvalebSi mataka TiTebi. am dros saxli<strong>da</strong>n biWebis<br />
jgufi gamovi<strong>da</strong> _ mTeli ban<strong>da</strong> (Cven trotuarze vCxubobdiT).<br />
viRac aylayu<strong>da</strong> mxecma saxeSi mxia <strong>da</strong> mkiTxa:<br />
`es gindo<strong>da</strong>, ara?~<br />
ho, es mindo<strong>da</strong>. TiTqmis veRarafers vxe<strong>da</strong>vdi, Tvalebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
sisxli momdio<strong>da</strong>, Zval-rbili gaerTianebuli<br />
mqon<strong>da</strong>. im biWs Tavi <strong>da</strong>vuqnie <strong>da</strong> ramdenjerme Cavibutbute:<br />
`ai, es mindo<strong>da</strong>, es mindo<strong>da</strong>, es mindo<strong>da</strong>~. mere<br />
meores, romelsac mTeli Cxubis manZilze ZaRlebis<br />
sayelurebi <strong>da</strong>mcinavad eWira, isini gamovarTvi <strong>da</strong> Sinisken<br />
wavbancaldi. araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri sisastikis ambavi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom ara imave bandis ori Savkaniani wevri, romelic<br />
maSinve amedevna. quCis kuTxeSi isini <strong>da</strong>mewivnen<br />
kidec. im dros yvelaferi fexebze meki<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> arafris<br />
meSino<strong>da</strong>. ubralod, vfiqrobdi, Tu fexqveS gamigdeben,<br />
SeiZleba suli aRar SemrCes-meTqi. albaT asec<br />
iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, magram mTavari is iyo, rom erTma Savkanianma<br />
miTxra: `usamarTlod mogdes, Zmao~. misi sityvebi<br />
raRacnairad mamxneveb<strong>da</strong>, roca momdevno dReebSi am<br />
yvelaferze vfiqrobdi.<br />
es ambavi mZime SedegiT <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>. ramdenime dRis<br />
manZilze marcxena Tvali mtkio<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mxedvelobis<br />
aris SuagulSi laqas vxe<strong>da</strong>vdi. TiTqmis mTeli kvira<br />
bnel oTaxSi gavatare. Tvali axlac mawuxebs. mis mo-<br />
SuSebas erTi Tve mainc <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba. ra bednieri var,<br />
rom saxli manamde viyide, vidre es ambavi moxdebo<strong>da</strong>;<br />
Torem, yovelTvis vifiqrebdi, rom niu-iorki<strong>da</strong>n panikaSi<br />
myofi gaviqeci...<br />
Zveli mebrZolisgan meore mebrZols siyvaruliT,<br />
normani<br />
Jan malakes<br />
30 dekemberi, 1957<br />
Zvirfaso Jan,<br />
...axla parizi ise Sors meCveneba. erTxans sofelSi<br />
vicxovreT, mere mogvbezr<strong>da</strong>, yelSi amogvivi<strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
miwaTmflobelebis autaneli, winaaRmdegobebiT<br />
savse cxovreba (sxvaTa Soris, iseTi mdidrebi aRar<br />
varT _ `sputnikis~ kosmosSi gaSvebam Cems kapital<strong>da</strong>bandebebs<br />
de<strong>da</strong> utira). ho<strong>da</strong>, niu-iorkSi vbrundebiT.<br />
bolo dros depresiaSi Cavvardi. wlebi gavi<strong>da</strong><br />
mas Semdeg, roca nebismier wamowyebas warmatebiT<br />
vasrulebdi (ramdenime gamonaklisis gar<strong>da</strong>), axla ki<br />
swored is <strong>da</strong>memarTa, rac Sen ori wlis win ga<strong>da</strong>itane<br />
_ amas neba-survilis kraxs <strong>da</strong>varqmevdi. rogorc Cans,
niWze ufro didi ambicia maqvs, meryevi xasiaTis gamo<br />
ki, cxovrebaSi naTel periodebs ar un<strong>da</strong> velode. im<br />
uzarmazar romanze vfiqrob, romlis werac <strong>da</strong>viwye <strong>da</strong><br />
romlis <strong>da</strong>srulebasac albaT aTi weli mainc <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba.<br />
Tu Canafiqris ganxorcieleba SevZeli, misi gamocema<br />
SeuZlebeli iqneba _ mxolod frangul uxarisxo,<br />
mwvaneydian gamocemebs Soris Tu moxvdeba. me ki ukve<br />
Suaxnis kaci viqnebi, roca am wigns <strong>da</strong>vasruleb. ici,<br />
ise aRar mjera sakuTari Tavis, rogorc _ adre <strong>da</strong>, rac<br />
yvelaze uaresia, es yvelaferi sulac ar mgonia Zalian<br />
mniSvnelovani. <strong>da</strong>marcxebulebis mimarTac gacilebiT<br />
Semwynarebeli gavxdi. is xalxi, vinc ramdenime wlis<br />
win mZul<strong>da</strong>, axla asatani meCveneba. vfiqrob, warsul-<br />
Si araerTi iRbliani SemTxveva xeli<strong>da</strong>n gavuSvi, ho<strong>da</strong>,<br />
isinic ar un<strong>da</strong> ganvsajo. aseTi gancdebi bunebrivad<br />
ereva mTel sulsa <strong>da</strong> guls. muSaobis survili miqreba<br />
<strong>da</strong> mere depresiaSi vvardebi imis gamo, rom ar vmuSaob,<br />
rac samuSaosTan mibrunebas kidev ufro mirTulebs,<br />
sabolood ki es yvelaferi gulze mZime lo<strong>da</strong>d mawveba.<br />
xSirad maxsendeba omis Semdgomi ubadruki wlebi, romlebmac<br />
bolo mouRo Cems yvela nacnobs: maTi amboxi<br />
mianavla, maTi sifrTxile silaCred aqcia, xolo maTi<br />
uwyinari mzakvroba _ did siZulvilad. yvelaze cudi<br />
ki is aris, rom axla imasRa vfiqrob, albaT a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
SesaZleblobebis zedmetad gvjero<strong>da</strong>-meTqi. rasakvirvelia,<br />
aseTi fiqrebis fonze, cxovreba uferuli <strong>da</strong><br />
mosawyeni xdeba. mapatie amxela tira<strong>da</strong>. Sen Seni depresia<br />
gaqvs, me _ Cemi (mec isev Zalian bevrs vewevi)...<br />
ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, es nebismieri xelovanis tkivilia _<br />
mravali Cvengani xom geniosi gaxdebo<strong>da</strong>, yvelaferi<br />
rom sworad warmarTuliyo. sxvebze metad gamimarTla,<br />
magram, Cemo kargo Jan, yvelaferi ise xel<strong>da</strong>xel mivaniave,<br />
imedgacruebac ki ar ganmicdia. ho, marTlac sabralo<br />
rus emigrantebs vgavarT. mapatie, ase rom gewuwune,<br />
magram Zvel, erTgul megobarTan wuwuni jobs,<br />
romelime wveulebaze mTvrali ucnobis saeWvo gulmowyalebis<br />
ime<strong>da</strong>d yofnas.<br />
(sxvaTa Soris, erTi Tvis win am egoistma geniosma<br />
bodleris dRiurebi waikiTxa (inglisurad). vfiqrobdi,<br />
ai, zustad Cemnairi kaci-meTqi)...<br />
mokiTxva gelis,<br />
normani<br />
Jan malakes<br />
29 aprili, 1960<br />
Zvirfaso Jan,<br />
...ici, ratom SevuerTdi kubis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWer komitets<br />
Zveli leninuri principiT? amisken Jurnalma `taimma~<br />
mibiZga. vifiqre, Tu isini kastros upirispirdebian, me<br />
mxars <strong>da</strong>vuWer-meTqi. SesaZloa, antistalinizmi politikuri<br />
pozicia ar iyos, magram antiliuisizmi (henri<br />
liuisi (1898-1967) _ gavleniani amerikeli gamomcemeli)<br />
namdvilad aris. a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavad faqtebis <strong>da</strong>dgenas ver<br />
Targmani<br />
axerxebs, Tumca imas ki xvdeba, romel Zalebs surT,<br />
rom mas am faqtebis sjerodes. wesad SemoviRe, yoveldRiuri<br />
politikuri oromtrialis wyaro swored Zvel,<br />
sayvarel Jurnal `taimSi~ veZebo...<br />
aq didi Teatraluri movlenaa Jan Jenes `aivanis~<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgma, romelic brodveis gareT, Teatr `seql in zi<br />
sqveaSi~ ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. me ki speqtakli sulac ar momewona.<br />
piesa sulelurad <strong>da</strong>uCexavT, atmosferoc mZime<br />
<strong>da</strong> sulisSemxuTveli <strong>da</strong>mxv<strong>da</strong>. Cemi azriT, es nawilobriv<br />
Jenes bralicaa. guli mereva mTel mis brwyinvalebaze.<br />
mokiTxva edelisgan,<br />
normani<br />
eiiti iamanisis<br />
23 oqtomberi, 1961<br />
Zvirfaso eiiti,<br />
...trockisTan yovelTvis didi siaxlove makavSireb<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> is, rom sakuTar Tavs trockists veRar vuwodeb,<br />
ar niSnavs, TiTqos misiT aRfrTovaneba gaminel<strong>da</strong>. aq,<br />
amerikaSi sirTules is qmnis, rom revoluciuri marqsizmis<br />
tradiciuli formebi ver ergeba amerikuli<br />
sazogadoebis Tavisebur, mravalsaxovan struqturas.<br />
ara, imas ar vgulisxmob, TiTqos marqsizmi gamosadegi<br />
aRar iyos. Tumca, azrovnebis amgvarma wesma isev rom<br />
aRafrTovanos axalgazrdebis saukeTeso nawili, is sxva<br />
geniosma un<strong>da</strong> ganavrcos, romelic amerikuli fenomenis<br />
sirTules Caswvdeba. vfiqrob, `TeTri zangis~ bolo<br />
abzacSi swored erT-erT SesaZlo mimarTulebaze mivaniSne.<br />
iciT, eiiti, problema is aris, rom amerikaSi mSromelTa<br />
klass saerTod ar aqvs revoluciuri Segneba.<br />
am qveyanaSi nebismier amboxs is xalxi ki ar awyobs, vis<br />
mxrebzec ekonomika dgas, aramed im axalgazrdebis sul<br />
ufro mzardi raodenoba, romlebic sruliad gaucxoebulebi<br />
arian sakuTari qveynisgan <strong>da</strong> misi istoriisgan.<br />
SesaZlebelia, momdevno aT welSi am yvelaferma raRac<br />
nayofi gamoiRos _ meamboxeebis suliskveTeba xom namdvilia!<br />
axla arc erTi Cvengani ar aris im inteleqtualur<br />
simaRleze, rac problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris axali,<br />
radikalurad gansxvavebuli gzis moZebnas sWirdeba.<br />
amerikaSi yvelaze cudi is ki araa, rom <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Rirebulebis<br />
saxiT bevrs gvZalaven, aramed Cveni sulieri<br />
gamofituloba <strong>da</strong> is, rom namdvili zrdis SesaZlebloba<br />
ar gveZleva. ai, es u<strong>da</strong>vod kapitalizmis umaRlesi stadiaa.<br />
iciT, amgvar situaciaSi azrs kargavs sakuTari Tavis<br />
trockistad moazreba. aseTive warmatebiT SeiZleba<br />
Tavs burboni an batko maxnos mimdevari uwodoT. <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
var, trocki rom cocxali yofiliyo <strong>da</strong> am<br />
qveyanaSi ecxovra, trockistobas ar moindomeb<strong>da</strong>...<br />
gulTbili mokiTxviT,<br />
normani<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 99<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 75
saavtoro<br />
lismanisi<br />
avtori: levan berZeniSvili<br />
ilustracia: mariam zal<strong>da</strong>staniSvili<br />
politikur zonas, iseve rogorc<br />
nebismier sxva sabWoTa zonas, Tavisi<br />
aristokratia hyav<strong>da</strong>: mzareuli,<br />
mekuWnave, biblioTekari, cecxlfareSi,<br />
meabanoe, parikmaxeri, barakis<br />
morige, kinomeqanikosi, kurieri<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. amaze werdnen solJenicini,<br />
ginzburgi, Salamovi <strong>da</strong> sxva avto-<br />
76 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
rebi, romlebic saswaulebrivad ga<strong>da</strong>urCnen<br />
gulags. Tuki Zvel droSi,<br />
breJnevis epoqamde, rodesac gulagis<br />
naxevarze met mosaxleobas 58-e<br />
muxliT gasamarTlebulebi Seadgendnen,<br />
am aristokratiul Tanamdebobaze<br />
mxolod Cveulebrivi kriminalebi,<br />
marqsistul-leninisturi<br />
Teoriis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli<br />
termini rom vixmaroT, e.w. „socialurad<br />
axloblebi“ (социально<br />
близкие _ mkvlelebi, qurdebi, mZarcvelebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.) xvdebodnen, axal<br />
droSi, rodesac msoflio zewoliT<br />
politikuri patimrebi sanaxevrod<br />
aRiares <strong>da</strong> maT calke banakebi gau-
xsnes (sul 4 mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi,<br />
3 permSi <strong>da</strong> erTic mordoveTSi, saxelganTqmuli<br />
„dubrovlagi“), axal<br />
aristokratias jaSuSebi, samxedro<br />
<strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebi <strong>da</strong> samSoblos moRalateebi<br />
Seadgendnen; sxva sityvebiT<br />
rom vTqvaT, Tu sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsis Zveli, 58-e muxlis memkvi-<br />
dre axali 70-e (saqarTvelos ssr 71e)<br />
muxliT iyavi gasamarTlebuli,<br />
parikmaxeroba an biblioTekaroba<br />
ar SegeZlo, Tun<strong>da</strong>c manamde ssrk-s<br />
saukeTeso parikmaxeri an didi biblioTekis<br />
direqtori yofiliyavi.<br />
bunebrivia, baraSevoSic gvyavdnen<br />
„aristokratebi“ (Zvel droSi<br />
maT upativcemulod, „pridurkebad“<br />
moixseniebdnen <strong>da</strong> Jora xomizuri<br />
axal droSic mxolod am terminiT<br />
aRiareb<strong>da</strong> maT statuss): biblio-<br />
Tekari andersoni, mzareulebi maqsimoviCi<br />
<strong>da</strong> petrov ufrosi, parikmaxeri<br />
kuxaruki, cecxlfareSebi<br />
saari <strong>da</strong> muzikiaviCusi, meabanoe <strong>da</strong><br />
kinomeqanikosi (SeTavsebiT) lismanisi,<br />
mekuWnave leikusi, barakis morige<br />
krainiki <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
latviel nacionalistsa <strong>da</strong> social-demokrats,<br />
1980 wlis noemberSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>patimrebul <strong>da</strong>inis lismaniss<br />
latviis uzenaesi sasamarTlos<br />
<strong>da</strong>xurul sesiaze 12 weli hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
misjili „samSoblos“ (anu sabWoTa<br />
kavSiris) RalatisTvis. im qveynis<br />
RalatisTvis, romelSic igi ar <strong>da</strong>badebula,<br />
romelic okupantad <strong>da</strong><br />
moZaladed miaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romlis winaaRmdegac<br />
iaraRiT xelSi brZola<br />
arc ufiqria, ubralod, latviis<br />
okupaciis Semdeg iatakqveSeTSi ga<strong>da</strong>suli<br />
im social-demokratiuli<br />
partiis wevri iyo, romlis saTavo<br />
ofisi germaniis federaciul respublikaSi<br />
iyo ganTavsebuli.<br />
<strong>da</strong>inis lismanisi sakmaod pikantur<br />
garemoebebSi gavicani. zonaSi CasvlisTanave<br />
me <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tos ori sasixarulo<br />
ambavi <strong>da</strong>gvaxvedres, sadili<br />
<strong>da</strong> abano. sadils pirveli movrCi <strong>da</strong><br />
abanoSi gamagzavnes. zonuri „abano“<br />
saintereso <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>:<br />
xangrZlivi etapis Semdeg „Tavisufali“<br />
saponi rom <strong>da</strong>vinaxe <strong>da</strong><br />
gaxarebulma (higiena Tavisuflebis<br />
ganuyofeli nawilia, abanoSi ar „zixar“<br />
anu Tavs patimrad ar grZnob)<br />
kargad gavisapne Tavi, aRmovaCine,<br />
rom onkanSi wyali aRar modio<strong>da</strong>.<br />
abanoSi aravin iyo, rom <strong>da</strong>mxmarebo<strong>da</strong><br />
Cveulebriv abano mxolod SabaTobiT<br />
iyo, xolo Cven xuTSabaTs<br />
saavtoro<br />
CavediT, sicxe iyo <strong>da</strong> cxeli wyali<br />
arc gvWirdebo<strong>da</strong>, magram wyali zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />
gWirdeba, Tu abanoSi tanis<br />
<strong>da</strong>banas apireb. ra gza mqon<strong>da</strong>, ra-<br />
Rac naWeri Semovixvie welze <strong>da</strong> gareT<br />
gamovedi Svelis saTxovnelad.<br />
pirvelive kaci gavaCere <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmareba<br />
vTxove. manac amixsna, rom onkan-<br />
Si wyali ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos (diax!), rom<br />
wyali aris wina oTaxSi, e.w. „predbannikSi“<br />
did kasrSi <strong>da</strong>grovili <strong>da</strong><br />
iqi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> movimarago taStSi <strong>da</strong><br />
mere momcro vedrosxela xisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli<br />
wylis saxapaviT, romelsac<br />
hqvia „Saika“, erTi xeliT un<strong>da</strong><br />
visxa Tavze <strong>da</strong> meoreTi sxva operaciebi<br />
ganvaxorcielo. mainca<strong>da</strong>mainc<br />
mosaxerxebeli ar iyo, magram<br />
saocnebo sisufTavis SegrZneba yvelafers<br />
aRematebo<strong>da</strong>. kaci, romelmac<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmareba gamiwia <strong>da</strong> abanoze Zalian<br />
sasacilo anekdotis moyolac<br />
moaswro SesamCnevi latviuri aqcentiT,<br />
xmovnebis <strong>da</strong>grZelebiT <strong>da</strong> xan<br />
pirvel <strong>da</strong> xan meore moraze (grZeli<br />
marcvlis mokle nawilze) mkveTri<br />
dinamikuri maxvilis <strong>da</strong>smiT, sanam<br />
me did kasrsa <strong>da</strong> wyals veZebdi, iyo<br />
<strong>da</strong>inis lismanisi, samSoblos moRalate,<br />
social-demokrati, meabanoe,<br />
kinomeqanikosi, Crdilouri tipi,<br />
WeSmariti arieli <strong>da</strong> SesaniSnavi<br />
meojaxe _ тип нордический, истинный<br />
ариец и отличный семянин, rogorc<br />
TviTon amateb<strong>da</strong> xolme Tavis <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebas<br />
saxelganTqmuli sabWo-<br />
Ta Cekisti mwerlis, misive wignis<br />
mixedviT reJisor lioznovas mier<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli yvelaze popularuli<br />
sabWoTa serialis, „gazafxulis 17<br />
gaelvebis“ scenaris avtoris, iulian<br />
semionovis mTxrobeliviT, rodesac<br />
am ukanasknelis saxeliT gestapoeli<br />
<strong>da</strong> abvereli personaJebis<br />
portretiani formularis fonze<br />
SesaniSnavi tembris mqone sabWoTa<br />
msaxiobi efim kopeliani mokle anketas<br />
kiTxulob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
<strong>da</strong>inis lismanisi mudmivad karg<br />
xasiaTze iyo. aravin icis, rogor<br />
axerxeb<strong>da</strong> amas politikur banakSi,<br />
magram faqtia, rom axerxeb<strong>da</strong>: mo-<br />
RuSuli <strong>da</strong> uxasiaTo aravis unaxavs.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 77
saavtoro<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> imisa, rom TviTon iyo karg<br />
guneba-ganwyobaze, Tavis irgvlivac<br />
aseT msubuq <strong>da</strong> mxiarul garemos qmni<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Joras miaCn<strong>da</strong>, rom es mxolod<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleli a<strong>da</strong>mianis „sagareo ieri“<br />
iyo, rafika Tvli<strong>da</strong>, rom ze<strong>da</strong>piruli<br />
kaci iyo (xumrobiT meubnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ase xazgasmiT evropuli garegnoba<br />
rom ar hqondes, eWvi Semeparebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
lismaniSvili, lismaniZe an lismanauri<br />
xom ar ariso), jonis „Wkuamxiarulad“<br />
miaCn<strong>da</strong>, genrixa „umisamarTod<br />
bedniers“ uwodeb<strong>da</strong>, boria<br />
maniloviCi yvela baltieliviT „bunebriv“<br />
<strong>da</strong> msubuq antisemitad saxav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
xolo mis srul antipods, gaucinar<br />
miSa poliakovs mravalgzis<br />
uTqvams, <strong>da</strong>inisTan „bolomde“ <strong>da</strong>leva<br />
saintereso iqnebo<strong>da</strong>o, iankovi<br />
rogorc demokratiisTvis saerTosakavSiro<br />
brZolis uarmyofels<br />
eWvis TvaliT uyureb<strong>da</strong>, Tumca<br />
„faustze“ saubars masTan ar gaurbo<strong>da</strong><br />
(goeTe lismanisis RmerTi iyo,<br />
germanuli, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, wyaliviT<br />
ico<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> karga mozrdil citatebs<br />
„urtyam<strong>da</strong>“ „fausti<strong>da</strong>n“; xumrob<strong>da</strong>,<br />
_ goeTe mama-RmerTia, Sileri su-<br />
liwmin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tomas mani Zeo). ukrainelebi<br />
gaurbodnen lismaniss, misi<br />
mudmivi Rimili <strong>da</strong>mcinavad eCvenebo<strong>da</strong>T<br />
<strong>da</strong> rusebisadmi <strong>da</strong>ufarav zizRSi<br />
antislavur gamoxtomas xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen<br />
(maTi saerTo azriT, rusebis<br />
anu „moskalebis“ zizRi marto kievis<br />
ruseTis erTaderTi kanonieri<br />
STamomavlebis, WeSmariti ukrainelebis<br />
saqme iyo).<br />
Cveni zonis ebraelebisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, romlebic SabaTobiT<br />
yvela tipis saqmianobas gaurbodnen<br />
_ griSa feldmani, magaliTad, pirSi<br />
wekos TviTnakeTi sigaretiT (kviris<br />
wina dReebSi SabaTis marags imzadeb<strong>da</strong>)<br />
<strong>da</strong> asanTiT xelSi wamogeweo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
gTxov, momikideo _ <strong>da</strong>inisis zeobis<br />
dRe swored SabaTs dgebo<strong>da</strong>. SabaTs<br />
misi ormagi batonoba myardebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
Tavisuflebis or kunZulze _ abanosa<br />
<strong>da</strong> klub-sasadiloSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
igi „axali“ filmis demonstrirebas<br />
axden<strong>da</strong> (zonaSi Semotanili filmi<br />
sinamdvileSi TiTqmis arasodes<br />
iyo axali, filmi Cvens politikur<br />
gamosworebasa <strong>da</strong> aRzr<strong>da</strong>s emsaxurebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
amitom ideurad iyo gamar-<br />
ЖХ 385/3-5-is klub-sasadilos mravlismnaxvel ekranze<br />
xidi<strong>da</strong>n Rrma xeobaSi xtebodnen sabWoTa tyveebi, maT<br />
Soris qalebi <strong>da</strong> bavSvebic, oRond ki `Tavisianebis~<br />
xelSi ar moxvedriliyvnen.<br />
78 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
Tuli <strong>da</strong>, rogorc wesi, exebo<strong>da</strong> an<br />
amxanag lenins, an amxanag stalins,<br />
an orive am amxanags an am amxanagebis<br />
erTgul sxva amxanagebs, magaliTad<br />
rkinis feliqss, ucxo enebis mcodne<br />
frunzes an sulac sakavSiro „starosta“<br />
kalinins).<br />
ar vici _ ratom, magram kinos<br />
xalxTan (xSir SemTxvevaSi, sruliad<br />
SemTxveviTi) axlobloba bedma marguna,<br />
Cemi erT-erTi yvelaze sayvareli<br />
megobari kinomcodnea (ra Tqma<br />
un<strong>da</strong>, ara SemTxveviT; sxvaTa Soris,<br />
saqarTveloSi Zneli gamosacnobi ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos, vin igulisxmeba); me moulodnelad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>vyrivar TbilisSi<br />
quTaisis quCaze robert redfords<br />
(erTi gamagebina, iq ra undo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
manqanis nawils xom ar eZeb<strong>da</strong>?);<br />
anJeSi biblioTekarTa wveulebaze,<br />
rogorc Semdeg gairkva, Cemi<br />
maspinZlis, safrangeTis erovnuli<br />
biblioTekis maSindeli direqtoris<br />
megobars, qarTuli kulturisa<br />
<strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT, kulinariis <strong>da</strong>mfasebels<br />
ani Jirardos, romelsac<br />
xaWapurze mokle, magram yovlismomcveli<br />
leqcia wavukiTxe (maxsov<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom manamde, el<strong>da</strong>r riazanovis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi legen<strong>da</strong>rulma frangma<br />
msaxiobma xaWapuri rom axsena, sabWoTa<br />
reJisors ratomRac xasiaTi<br />
waux<strong>da</strong>); moskovSi, sastumro „rosias“<br />
derefanSi kinofestivalze gamarjvebul<br />
italiel reJisor etore<br />
skolas <strong>da</strong> Jiuris wevr jina lolobriji<strong>da</strong>s,<br />
romelic ukve asakSi iyo,<br />
magram mnaxvelebs mainc adgilze yinav<strong>da</strong><br />
gorgona meduzasaviT; moskovi-Tbilisis<br />
reisze <strong>da</strong>vmgzavrebivar<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis saSualeba ar<br />
mimicia lidia fedoseeva-SuqSinas-<br />
Tvis, romelsac Tavxedurad vuxsnidi<br />
SukSinis prozauli Semoqmedebis<br />
Taviseburebebs; taSkenti-moskovis<br />
matareblis saerTaSoriso kupeSi<br />
„duraka“ miTamaSia ukve „Stirlic“<br />
viaCeslav tixonovTan; santa monikaSi<br />
liftSi Sevjaxebivar „<strong>da</strong>uxatav“<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Rlil Seron stouns,<br />
romelic „holandiisTvis sakmarisi<br />
iyo“ (ase upasuxa ssrk-s pirvelma<br />
<strong>da</strong> ukanasknelma prezidentma, mi
xail gorbaCovma holandieli Jurnalistis<br />
SekiTxvas, _ ganiaraRebis<br />
Semdeg ramdeni birTvuli qobini<br />
<strong>da</strong>grCaTo); sigareti momiwevia antonio<br />
banderasTan erTad „uorner<br />
brazerzis“ studiis SesasvlelSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> iseTi qaTinauri miTqvams qe-<br />
Trin zeta-jonsisTvis, romelmac<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saReb filmSi Tavis partniors<br />
moakiTxa, rom kinaRam safrTxe iyo<br />
an maikl duglass movekali an saxelganTqmuli<br />
amerikuli „seqSual<br />
harasmentis“ muxlisTvis gamomekra<br />
xeli, banderass rom ar ganemarta,<br />
kavkasieli kavkasielia (erTi „kavkasieli“<br />
TeTri rasis warmomadgenels<br />
niSnavs <strong>da</strong> banderasma amitom ixmara<br />
ormagi kavkasielis termini) <strong>da</strong> lamazi<br />
qalisTvis qaTinauri magisTvis<br />
gamarjobis anu Tqveneburi „hais“<br />
tolfasiao.<br />
am satrabaxo ambebi<strong>da</strong>n mxolod<br />
jina lolobriji<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> viaCeslav<br />
tixonovi Seadgendnen Cems simdidres<br />
politikur banakSi moxvedramde,<br />
yvela sxva Sexvedra Semdgom-<br />
Si mox<strong>da</strong>. lismaniss, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ulamazes jinaze Camovugde sityva<br />
(rusi mzveravis, isaevis, imave Stirlicis<br />
rolis Semsrulebel tixonovTan<br />
samgzavro-samatareblo<br />
axloblobiT trabaxi ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
swori toni patiosan latviel nacionalistTan<br />
saubrisas). lismanisi<br />
kinos namdvili partizani iyo, maSin<br />
ar vicodiT sityva, romelic axla<br />
iolad aRwers <strong>da</strong>inisis mdgomareobas,<br />
latvieli social-demokrati<br />
kinos <strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT, italiuri<br />
kinos namdvili fani iyo. rogorc ki<br />
jina lolobriji<strong>da</strong> vuxsene, lismanisi<br />
aRel<strong>da</strong>.<br />
_ ici Tu ara, Cemo qarTvelo megobaro,<br />
rom lolobriji<strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />
amerikuli italieli msaxiobia,<br />
sofi lorenze meta<strong>da</strong>c ki? lolobriji<strong>da</strong><br />
yvelaze didi saxeli iyo<br />
ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTiani wlebisa <strong>da</strong> samocianis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisis italiur kinoSi, Tumca<br />
ra italiur, msoflio kinoSi!<br />
<strong>da</strong> ici, ra periodi iyo es italiuri<br />
kinosTvis? ici, rom mas uTamaSia<br />
iseTi gigantebis mxar<strong>da</strong>mxar, rogo-<br />
rebic iyvnen bert lankasteri, iul<br />
brineri, frenk sinatra, ser alek<br />
ginesi?<br />
_ me mxolod is vici, rom msgavsi<br />
silamazis qali pira<strong>da</strong>d, ase<br />
vTqvaT, „cxovrebaSi“ arasodes minaxavs,<br />
_ ganvacxade me <strong>da</strong> meaTasejer<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwye moyola, Tu rogor SeveCexe<br />
italielebis mTel xmaurian delegacias<br />
moskovis sastumro „rosiis“<br />
derefanSi 1975 wels, rodesac jina<br />
lolobriji<strong>da</strong> ukve 48 wlisa iyo.<br />
_ ici Tu ara, Cemo leevan (Léevan,<br />
maxviliT pirvel e-ze), rom 1947<br />
wels jinam monawileoba miiRo „mis<br />
italiis“ silamazis konkursSi?<br />
_ ara, es ar vicodi, magram warmomidgenia,<br />
ra triumfiT gaimarjveb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
maSin xom 20 wlisa iqnebo<strong>da</strong>?!<br />
_ ver gaimarjva! diax, ver gaimarjva!<br />
sxvam gaimarjva, luCia bozem<br />
(juzepe de santisis „ar aris mSvidoba<br />
zeTisxilis xeebis qveS“, xuan<br />
antonio bardemis „velosipedistis<br />
sikvdili“) <strong>da</strong> meoreze jana maria<br />
kanale gavi<strong>da</strong> (amas, sxvaTa Soris,<br />
ava gardners a<strong>da</strong>rebdnen), lolobriji<strong>da</strong><br />
mxolod mesame iyo! <strong>da</strong>ujere<br />
axla silamazis konkursebs! lu-<br />
Cia boze Cemi <strong>da</strong> Seni <strong>da</strong>sawuni qali<br />
ar iyo, magram jina?!<br />
lismanisi kinos, bunebrivia, kinomeqanikosis<br />
jixuri<strong>da</strong>n uyureb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
xan<strong>da</strong>xan moulodnel <strong>da</strong> xmamaRal<br />
komentarebsac akeTeb<strong>da</strong>, ris gamoc<br />
patimar-mayurebelTa erTi nawili<br />
aRSfoTdebo<strong>da</strong> xolme, xolo meore<br />
nawili gvarianad xalisob<strong>da</strong>. magaliTad,<br />
sabWoTa propagandistuli<br />
Sedevris, „<strong>da</strong>melodes“, anu «Жди<br />
меня»-s demonstrirebisas, romel-<br />
Sic qalis mTavar rols konstantine<br />
simonovis meuRle, valentina<br />
serova asruleb<strong>da</strong>, msaxiobi qalis<br />
pirveli gamoCenisTanave lismanisma<br />
filmis demonstrireba SeaCera <strong>da</strong><br />
xmamaRali komentari gaakeTa:<br />
_ Tqven winaSea sabWoTa kinos merlin<br />
monrod wodebuli qeraTmiani<br />
lamazmani valentina vasilis asuli<br />
serova, ruseTis ekranis oc<strong>da</strong>aTianormociani<br />
wlebis seqs-simbolo,<br />
stalinis usayvarlesi msaxiobi, ro-<br />
saavtoro<br />
melsac msoflios xalxTa beladi<br />
<strong>da</strong> kinos didi megobari Ckalovis<br />
meuRlesTan erTad gverdiT <strong>da</strong>isvam<strong>da</strong><br />
xolme wveulebebze, radgan<br />
es qalbatoni sabWoTa kavSiris gmiris,<br />
espaneTis omSi TavgamoCenili<br />
pilotis, anatoli serovis qvrivi<br />
iyo. SemdgomSi aramza<strong>da</strong> (papaiano,<br />
ar gewyinos!) konstantin simonovis<br />
coli iyo, rasac xeli ar Seu-<br />
Slia qeraTmiani mzeTunaxavisTvis,<br />
romani gaeba maSindel general <strong>da</strong><br />
momaval marSal konstantin konstantines<br />
Ze rokosovskisTan, iseTi<br />
romani, rom amxanag stalins erTerT<br />
miRebaze ukiTxavs general k.<br />
k. rokosovskisTvis, _ xom ar ici,<br />
amxanago rokosovski, visi colia<br />
msaxiobi valentina serovao; rokosovskis<br />
amouRerRavs, _ poet simo-<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 79
saavtoro<br />
noviso, _ <strong>da</strong> amxanag belads uTqvams,<br />
_ mec ase vicodio. amis Semdeg momavali<br />
marSali Tavis gulis satrfos<br />
aRar gahkarebia. msaxiobi qali galoT<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>icvala martoobaSi<br />
1975 wels, samxreTelma <strong>da</strong> „Tbilma“<br />
simonovma kislovodskSi <strong>da</strong>sveneba<br />
ar Sewyvita <strong>da</strong> mxolod vardebis<br />
gamogzavniT <strong>da</strong>kmayofil<strong>da</strong>. sabWo-<br />
Ta kinos legen<strong>da</strong> ukanasknel gzaze<br />
samiode kacma gaacila, maT Soris<br />
_ qaliSvilma, maria simonovam. ase<br />
rom, amxanag stalins qeraTmiani<br />
lamazmanebi itaceb<strong>da</strong>, gansxvavebiT<br />
misi Tanamemamule, amJamad klub<br />
sasadilos <strong>da</strong>rbazSi myofi levan<br />
berZeniSvilisgan, romelsac gaugebari<br />
pretenziebi aqvs qeraTmianebis<br />
mimarT. ganvagrZoT filmis Cveneba,<br />
gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis, megobrebo.<br />
lismanisi, rogorc wesi, saSinel<br />
komentarebs akeTeb<strong>da</strong> iseTi ukv<strong>da</strong>vi<br />
sabWoTa Sedevrebis, rogorebic<br />
iyo „SeiaraRebuli kaci“ (Человек с<br />
ружьем), „lenini oqtomberSi“, „le-<br />
nini 1918 wels“ <strong>da</strong> leninianas sxva<br />
sabWoTa klasikad qceuli filmebis<br />
demonstrirebisas, magram es komentarebi<br />
xazgasmiT latviur enaze<br />
keTdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> lismaniss yovelTvis<br />
SeeZlo eTqva leninis rolis Semsrulebeli<br />
msaxiobebis ostatobaze<br />
vakeTeb komentarebso. xan<strong>da</strong>xan lismaniss<br />
qarTvelebic exmaurebodnen<br />
80 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
<strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n qarTul enaze warmo-<br />
Tqmuli komentarebiT, romelSic<br />
figurireb<strong>da</strong> iseTi uwyinari Sefasebebi,<br />
rogoric iyo „garewari“,<br />
„aramza<strong>da</strong>“, „<strong>da</strong>mpali“, „tvingayinuli“<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv. am mxriv arc somxebi<br />
CamogvrCebodnen <strong>da</strong> erTi-or lamaz<br />
Sefasebas isrodnen ukv<strong>da</strong>vi grigol<br />
narekacis enaze. ase rom, lismanis-<br />
Tan erTad sabWoTa propagandis<br />
saamayo Sedevrebis, e.w. mxatvruli<br />
filmebis demonstrireba xalisianad<br />
mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
erTxel warmoudgeneli ram mox<strong>da</strong>:<br />
SabaTs kinoCvenebaze namdvili<br />
kino moitanes, ingmar bergmanis „Semodgomis<br />
sonata“ ingrid bergmanisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> liv ulmanis monawileobiT. Cemi<br />
azriT, baraSevos arazonur kino-<br />
TeatrSi aCvenes mayurebels, romelsac<br />
igi aqtiurad ar moewona <strong>da</strong><br />
sasjelis saxiT Semogvigdes banakSi<br />
_ esec Tqveni sayvareli <strong>da</strong>savleTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> misi gaugebari Sedevrio. de<strong>da</strong>-<br />
Svilis dramatul urTierTobebze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli, sakmaod rTuli <strong>da</strong> si-<br />
vrceSi Caketili filmi patimrebs<br />
mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc ar moewonaT, magram<br />
lismanisi xSirad aCereb<strong>da</strong> Cvenebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> ingmar bergmanis oci filmis<br />
ucvleli operatoris, sven niukvistis<br />
ostatobaze amaxvileb<strong>da</strong> Cvens<br />
yuradRebas. lismanisi namdvili<br />
mxatvari iyo, iseT detalebs xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom saxelganTqmuli niukvisti<br />
siamovnebiT aiyvan<strong>da</strong> Tanaoperatorad<br />
Tu ara, mTavari operatoris<br />
asistentad mainc. Tanac, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />
var, sakmaod civi <strong>da</strong> mudmivad<br />
melanqoliuri, tokioSi <strong>da</strong>badebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> kana<strong>da</strong>Si aRzrdili norvegieli<br />
liv ulmanis gamxiarulebasac ki<br />
SeZleb<strong>da</strong> Tavisi uTvalavi anekdotiTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xalisiani moTxrobiT.<br />
erTxel iseTi pativi gvces, rom,<br />
romeliRac mxatvruli filmis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, e.w. Jurnalic mogvawodes.<br />
lismanisma winaswar gagvafrTxila,<br />
_ es kino ar aris, Jurnalia, kino<br />
kidev iqnebao. „Jurnalad“ dokumenturi<br />
moklemetraJiani filmi<br />
gadio<strong>da</strong>, romelSic (ar <strong>da</strong>gaviwydeT,<br />
es yvelaferi perestroikisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaqanebuli sajaroobis epoqa-<br />
Si xdeba) naCvenebi iyo unikaluri<br />
kadrebi, romelsac aTwleulobiT<br />
umalavdnen mTel msoflios rogorc<br />
sabWoTa komunistebi, ise<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleli demokratebi. mokled,<br />
dokumentur filmSi naCvenebi iyo,<br />
Tu rogor ga<strong>da</strong>sces ingliselebma<br />
meore msoflio omis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis-<br />
Tanave sabWoTa kavSirs maT saokupacio<br />
zonaSi moxvedrili tyveebi.<br />
lismanisi swrafad gaerkva situaciaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>, _ visac susti<br />
guli gaqvT, <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gadiT, ise<br />
vatyob, saSineli kadrebi gvelodebao.<br />
am komentarma adgils miajaWva<br />
isinic, vinc Jurnalis gamotovebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> wekos mosawevad gareT gasvlas<br />
apireb<strong>da</strong> (klub-sasadilo marTla<br />
klubi ki ar iyo, rom iq mowevis nebarTva<br />
miecaT vinmesTvis).<br />
ekranze gamoCn<strong>da</strong> Zalian maRali<br />
xidi, romli<strong>da</strong>nac mdinaris xeobamde,<br />
sul cota, asi metri mainc<br />
iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. Zalian Sori<strong>da</strong>n iyo ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> TiTqmis araferi ar<br />
Can<strong>da</strong>, magram rogorc ki kadris<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloeba <strong>da</strong>iwyo, gamoCn<strong>da</strong> raRac<br />
wertilebi, romlebic xidi<strong>da</strong>n qvemoT<br />
mieqanebodnen. rodesac kadri<br />
kidev ufro axlos movi<strong>da</strong>, cxadi<br />
gax<strong>da</strong>, rom es wertilebi a<strong>da</strong>mianebia,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic saku-<br />
Tari nebiT xtebian mdinareSi <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavs iklaven. ЖХ 385/3-5-is klub
sasadilos mravlismnaxvel ekranze<br />
xidi<strong>da</strong>n Rrma xeobaSi xtebodnen sabWoTa<br />
tyveebi, maT Soris qalebi <strong>da</strong><br />
bavSvebic, oRond ki „Tavisianebis“<br />
xelSi ar moxvedriliyvnen; ZiriTadi<br />
masa ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebas cdilob<strong>da</strong>,<br />
magram ukan mibrunebulebs ingliselebi<br />
cecxls uxsnidnen <strong>da</strong> adgilze<br />
xocavdnen: xidze saSineli tragedia<br />
trialeb<strong>da</strong>, kacobriobis istoriaSi<br />
yvelaze sastiki omis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ramdenime TveSi ukve sisxlmonatrebul<br />
sikvdils namdvili kalo hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
gamarTuli _ britanelTa saokupacio<br />
zonaSi moxvedril sabWoTa<br />
tyveebs win gulagi <strong>da</strong> masSi sikvdili<br />
elodebo<strong>da</strong>T, ukan _ mokavSireebis<br />
tyviiT sikvdili <strong>da</strong> qvemoT,<br />
Rrma xeobaSi _ miwaze <strong>da</strong>xeTqebamde<br />
haerSi sikvdili. am fonze gamoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
erTi patara kaci, romelic xelebaweuli<br />
garbo<strong>da</strong> rusebisken. kameram<br />
igi sagangebod msxvili planiT<br />
aiRo: patara kaci gaxarebuli garbis<br />
Tavisianebisken, xelebs ucnaurad<br />
iqnevs <strong>da</strong> raRacas iZaxis.<br />
uecrad klub-sasadilo araa<strong>da</strong>mianurma<br />
Rrialma SeZra:<br />
_ aaraa! aaraa! lismanis, gaaCere<br />
kino, lismanis, gaaCere!<br />
<strong>da</strong>bneulma lismanisma marTla „gaaCera<br />
kino“ <strong>da</strong> Cvenma Tanazonelma<br />
timinma, patara kacma, romelsac<br />
manamde arasodes araferze xma ar<br />
amouRia, ara<strong>da</strong> namdvili saopero<br />
baritoni aRmoaCn<strong>da</strong>, ekranze gaCerebul<br />
gamosaxulebas mimarTa:<br />
_ Куда прёшь, дуралей?! saiT garbixar,<br />
idioto! es xom me var, biWebo!<br />
es xom me var, saxlSi movrbivar ormoci<br />
weli gulagSi amosaxrCobad!<br />
ekrani<strong>da</strong>n mas <strong>da</strong> yvelas axalgazr<strong>da</strong><br />
timini gviyureb<strong>da</strong>, gaRimebuls<br />
ar esmo<strong>da</strong>, ra erCo<strong>da</strong> mas ormoci<br />
wlis Semdeg misi sakuTari, gulagSi<br />
gatanjuli arseba. lismanisma proeqtori<br />
gamorTo, amasobaSi xma gavar<strong>da</strong>,<br />
timinia ekranzeo <strong>da</strong> mTeli zona<br />
klub-sasadiloSi Semovar<strong>da</strong>, maT<br />
Soris iyvnen _ zonis ufrosi maiori<br />
Salini, depeenka suraikini, aRmzrdelobiTi<br />
samuSaoebis xelmZRvaneli<br />
leiteranti arapovi, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvele-<br />
bi trifonovi, kiseliovi <strong>da</strong> trimazkini<br />
<strong>da</strong> uklebliv yvela patimari,<br />
arkadi dudkinic ki, romelic, Tu<br />
berlinis aRebaze <strong>da</strong> raixstagze<br />
droSis aRmarTvaze ar iyo kino, sxva<br />
filmebs arasodes ar swyalob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
_ lismanis, moita timini, _ br-<br />
Zana Salinma <strong>da</strong> lismanisma Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gauSva filmi zustad im adgili<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
rodesac xidze gaCerebul masas gamoeyo<br />
patara wertili, mere es wertili<br />
nel-nela gadid<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> utyuar<br />
timinad iqca. morbo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> morbo<strong>da</strong><br />
gaxarebuli timini, morbo<strong>da</strong> Tavisi<br />
monatrebuli samSoblosaken, oc<strong>da</strong>xuTwliani<br />
ganaCenisken, romelsac<br />
kidev oci ukve gulagSi <strong>da</strong>emata,<br />
morbo<strong>da</strong>, radgan egona, rom bolos<br />
<strong>da</strong> bolos general vlasovis<br />
armiaSi samsaxurs apatiebdnen <strong>da</strong><br />
rusulad mainc <strong>da</strong>elaparakebodnen.<br />
zonis xelmZRvanelobam timini<br />
iolad amoicno <strong>da</strong> Salini<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebuli<br />
trifonoviT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli,<br />
yvelas homerosuli xarxari<br />
auty<strong>da</strong>, maT zogierTi patimaric<br />
saavtoro<br />
КУДА ПРЁШЬ, ДУРАЛЕЙ?! saiT garbixar, idioto! es xom me<br />
var, biWebo! es xom me var, saxlSi movrbivar ormoci<br />
weli gulagSi amosaxrCobad!<br />
ahyva. kargi sanaxavi iyo klub-sasadilo,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c mayurebelTa erTi<br />
nawili gulze skdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> meore<br />
nawili gulianad icino<strong>da</strong>. saco<strong>da</strong>vma<br />
timinma jer <strong>sxvebi</strong>viT gacineba<br />
sca<strong>da</strong>, ar gamouvi<strong>da</strong>, mere uecrad<br />
guli wauvi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> samxreT kavkasiis<br />
qristian xalxTa federaciis wevrebma,<br />
qarTvelebma <strong>da</strong> somxebma gareT<br />
gamoviyvaneT, sa<strong>da</strong>c adgilobrivma<br />
eskulapusma, arnold andersonma<br />
saswrafod moiyvana gonze Tavisi<br />
saxelganTqmuli nouhauTi, romel-<br />
Sic arasaidumlo ingredientebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
mravalZarRvasa <strong>da</strong> pitnis nayeni Sedio<strong>da</strong>,<br />
xolo saidumlo ingredientebis<br />
Semadgenlobas sabWoTa polivitaminebis<br />
avtori sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod<br />
malav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
_ esec Cveni sasiqadulo uinston<br />
CerCili! _ wamoiZaxa Jora xomizurma,<br />
_ ki wer<strong>da</strong> amaze aleqsandr isaeviCi,<br />
magram me mainc ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli<br />
kritika megona.<br />
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 102<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 81
saavtoro<br />
xelovneba <strong>da</strong> `perversiebi~<br />
akrZaluli survilebi<br />
avtori: giorgi maisuraZe<br />
ilustracia: maia sumbaZe<br />
„Cven visjebiT imitom, rom seqsi viRacam odesRac codvad gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>“.<br />
miSel fuko<br />
Rrmadmorwmune rus filosofoss vasili rozanovs<br />
aseTi azri ekuTvnis: Tuki seqsi siyvarulis umaRlesi<br />
xorcieli gamoxatulebaa, maSin ratomRa un<strong>da</strong> gvikvirdes<br />
incesti? _ is xom a<strong>da</strong>mianis ukeTilSobiles<br />
ltolvas ganasaxierebs...<br />
82 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
incesti, anu seqsualuri kavSiri sakuTari ojaxis<br />
wevrebTan, kacobriobis istoriis albaT yvelaze<br />
didi <strong>da</strong> uZvelesi tabua, romlis gaCenasac anTropologebi<br />
kulturis warmoSobas, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa jogis<br />
_ sazogadoebad, civilizaciad qcevas ukavSireben.
„kultura“ <strong>da</strong> „civilizacia“ ki a<strong>da</strong>mianis ara mxolod<br />
ganviTarebulobis, aramed misi Tavisuflebis<br />
CaxSobis simboloebicaa. filosofosi herbert markuze<br />
wer<strong>da</strong>, rom „Tuki Tavisuflebis arqetipi CaxSobis<br />
ararsebobaa, civilizacia am Tavisuflebis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolad SegviZlia ganvixiloT“. Tumca,<br />
Tavisuflebis aRmniSvneli uZvelesi sityva, romelic<br />
Sumerul enaSia mocemuli, erTgvar „incestualur“<br />
Sinaarss gadmogvcems, romelic sityva-sityviT „de<strong>da</strong>sTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>brunebas“ niSnavs <strong>da</strong> am metaforiT mzis<br />
RmerTis RamRamobiT sakuTar dedis wiaRSi Sesvla <strong>da</strong><br />
diliT misi saSo<strong>da</strong>n kvlav<strong>da</strong>badeba igulisxmeba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>vubrundeT isev markuzes debulebas, romelic<br />
civilizaciisa <strong>da</strong> CaxSobis, anu „represiis“ urTierTmimarTebis<br />
fsiqoanalitikur suraTs gadmogvcems:<br />
fsiqoanalizis fuZemdebelma zigmund froidma incestis<br />
Tema gasaRebad gamoiyena a<strong>da</strong>mianis aracnobieri<br />
fsiqikis uxilav samyaroSi Sesasvlelad <strong>da</strong> berZnuli<br />
miTologiis erT-erTi yvelaze tragikuli gmiris mefe<br />
oidiposis figuriT fsiqoanalitikuri metafora „oidiposis<br />
kompleqsi“ Seqmna, romelic patara bavSvis sasiyvarulo<br />
ltolvas gansxvavebuli sqesis mSoblis mimarT<br />
gamoxatavs. amasTanave, sakuTari sqesis mSobeli<br />
bavSvisaTvis konkurentad aRiqmeba <strong>da</strong> aseTi gaorebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba siyvarulisa <strong>da</strong> siZulvilis pirveladi<br />
obieqtebisadmi gansazRvravs a<strong>da</strong>mianis fsiqoseqsualur<br />
bunebas. froidis Tanaxmad, aracnobieri<br />
fsiqika gandevnili <strong>da</strong> CaxSobili survilebisagan Sedgeba,<br />
romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mians nevrozebis, fsiqozebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva fsiqikuri usiamovnebebis saxiT ubrundeba. warmoSobisTanave<br />
CaxSobili survilebi ki aracnobier-<br />
Sive „perversiebad“ gar<strong>da</strong>iqmneba, romlebsac froidi<br />
fotografiul termin „negativs“ a<strong>da</strong>rebs: perversiebi<br />
nevrozebis negativebia. Tavad „perversia“ ki laTinuri<br />
warmoSobis sityvaa <strong>da</strong> qarTulad „gaukuRmarTebad“<br />
iTargmneba <strong>da</strong> masSi, upirveles yovlisa, sazogadoebrivad<br />
miRebuli normebi<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>xveva igulisxmeba.<br />
seqsologiaSi ki es termini seqsualobis garkveul<br />
marginalur formebs aRniSnavs, rogorebicaa, magali-<br />
Tad, sodomia, anu seqsualuri ltolva cxovelebis<br />
mimarT, an koprofilia _ seqsualuri aRgzneba ganavalze,<br />
agreTve nekrofilia _ gvamebis siyvaruli <strong>da</strong><br />
a. S. perversiaTa yvelaze gavrcelebul formebad ki<br />
sadizmi, anu partniorisaTvis seqsualuri aqtis dros<br />
tkivilis miyeneba <strong>da</strong> misi sapirispiro forma _ mazoxizmi,<br />
anu sasiyvarulo grZnobis tkivilTan <strong>da</strong> tanjvasTan<br />
gaigiveba miiCneva. es ukanaskneli, romelic<br />
samedicino terminad XIX saukuneSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelic<br />
avstrieli mwerlis leopold fon zaxer-mazoxis saxels<br />
ukavSirdeba, ukve XX saukunis meore naxevarSi<br />
araerTi Teoretikosis mier SemoqmedebiTi procesis<br />
erT-erT mTavar mamoZravebel impulsad gamocxad<strong>da</strong>:<br />
xelovani, romelic sakuTari survilebisa <strong>da</strong> ltol-<br />
saavtoro<br />
vebis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobas acnobierebs, maT<br />
realizebas mxatvruli fantaziebis meSveobiT cdilobs.<br />
xelovnebis nawarmoebi ki avtoris mier gancdili<br />
tkivilebis gamosaxva <strong>da</strong> warmosaxvis gziT maTi xelaxali<br />
ganc<strong>da</strong>a. amdenad, xelovneba pir<strong>da</strong>pir kavSirSia<br />
„perversiebTan“.<br />
„perversia“ aris akrZalvis, normebis <strong>da</strong>wesebis Sedegi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara a<strong>da</strong>mianis fsiqikis „pirvandeli“ mdgomareoba.<br />
imisaTvis, rom akrZalvam „imuSaos“, arqaul<br />
<strong>da</strong> tradiciul sazogadoebebSi mas religiuri Sinaarsi<br />
aqvs <strong>da</strong> is RmerTis an RmerTebis nebad cxaddeba.<br />
RmerTis saxeliT laparakis monopolia ki religiur<br />
instituciebsa aqvT, romelTa sazogadoebrivi <strong>da</strong><br />
politikuri funqciac ara „WeSmaritebis“ samsaxuri,<br />
aramed swored represiuli, CamxSobi <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo<br />
meqanizmebis legitimaciaa. winaremodernul sazogadoebebSi<br />
kanonmdebloba, romelic sazogadoebriv<br />
urTierTobaTa <strong>da</strong>saregulireblad iqmneba, sakraluri,<br />
religiuri Sinaarsisaa <strong>da</strong> misi mizani, upirveles<br />
yovlisa, sazogadoebrivi ierarqiebisa <strong>da</strong> Zalauflebis<br />
sistemebis ganmtkicebaa, romlebsac a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />
Tavisufleba ewireba msxverplad. amitomac sruliad<br />
bunebrivia, rom yvela humanisturi Tu saganmanaTleblo<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kritikis mTavari<br />
samizne religiuri instituciebia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />
religia, raoden amaRlebul <strong>da</strong> kacTmoyvare idealebi<strong>da</strong>nac<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos warmoSobili (amis TvalsaCino<br />
magaliTia qristes moZRvreba), sazogadoebriv-politikur<br />
instituciad qcevisTanave, sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo <strong>da</strong><br />
totalitaruli ideologiebis saTaved gvevlineba.<br />
religiis siaxlove totalitarizmTan imdenad didia,<br />
rom TviT yvelaze metad aTeisturi totalitarizmebic<br />
ki sakuTar ideologiebs religiebis analogiiT<br />
qmnian <strong>da</strong> maT msgavsad represiebiTa <strong>da</strong> SeCvenebiT<br />
dganan „ubiwobisa“ <strong>da</strong> „moralis“ sa<strong>da</strong>rajoze. Tumcaki<br />
saxelisuflebo <strong>da</strong> religiur instituciaTa istoria<br />
imasac gvaCvenebs, rom xSirad swored moralisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> zneobis am <strong>da</strong>rajebs xelT epyraT monopolia<br />
imaze, rasac isini Tavad codvad <strong>da</strong> garyvnilebad<br />
acxadebdnen. Zalaufleba, romelic mis armqoneTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>morCilebiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebiT xorcieldeba,<br />
siamovnebaze uflebis garanticaa <strong>da</strong>, amdenad, marTebuli<br />
mgonia is mosazreba, rom revoluciebi swored<br />
am uflebis mosapoveblad xdeba.<br />
Tumca arsebobs sfero, romelSic ufro didi revoluciuri<br />
Zvrebia SesaZlebeli, vidre nebismier<br />
SeiaraRebul ajanyebaSi, saxelmwifo ga<strong>da</strong>trialebasa<br />
Tu „xaverdovan“ revoluciebSi. esaa Semoqmedeba,<br />
romelSic <strong>da</strong> romlis meSveobiTac a<strong>da</strong>miani imis ganc<strong>da</strong>s,<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c gamoxatuli warmosaxvis doneze mainc<br />
axerxebs, risi realobaSi ganxorcielebis uflebac<br />
mas zneobis anaforianma Tu sxva uniformianma <strong>da</strong>mcvelebma<br />
waarTves <strong>da</strong> saTavisod miisakuTres.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 83
saavtoro<br />
yvela humanisturi Tu saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong> ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kritikis mTavari<br />
samizne religiuri instituciebia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c religia, raoden amaRlebul <strong>da</strong> kacTmoyvare<br />
idealebi<strong>da</strong>nac un<strong>da</strong> iyos warmoSobili (amis TvalsaCino magaliTia qristes moZRvreba),<br />
sazogadoebriv-politikur instituciad qcevisTanave, sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo <strong>da</strong> totalitaruli<br />
ideologiebis saTaved gvevlineba.<br />
xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>badeba `codvis~ suli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Tavis pirvel wignSi _ „tragediis <strong>da</strong>badeba musikis<br />
suli<strong>da</strong>n“ nicSe mefe oidiposis <strong>da</strong>naSauls _ mamis<br />
mkvlelobasa <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>ze qorwinebas bunebriobis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
mimarTul imdenad did qmedebas uwodebs,<br />
romelic Tavad bunebas aiZulebs, misi idumalebani<br />
gasces. nicSesTvis oidiposi filosofosis prototipia,<br />
romelic akrZalul sferoSi SesvliT samyaros<br />
idumal kanonebs imecnebs. igi mis saqciels promeTes<br />
gmirobas a<strong>da</strong>rebs, romelmac RmerTebs cecxli mohpara<br />
<strong>da</strong>, maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod, a<strong>da</strong>mianebs „RvTaebrivi<br />
xelobebi“ aswavla. Zvel berZnul enaSi „xeloba“<br />
<strong>da</strong> „xelovneba“ erTi <strong>da</strong> igive sityviT gadmoicema.<br />
Semoqmedi a<strong>da</strong>mianis pirvelxateba RmerTebis mier <strong>da</strong>wesebuli<br />
kanonebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva, am kanonebis winaaRmdeg<br />
svlaa. „saidumloebebi“ ki, romlebic akrZalvebiTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xelSeuxeblobiTaa ya<strong>da</strong>Ra<strong>da</strong>smuli, gandevnil <strong>da</strong><br />
Caklul survilTa is sferoa, romelSi cota xniT<br />
mainc Caxedvis ufleba antikuri sazogadoebebis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />
weliwadSi erTxel mainc misteriebis dros<br />
eZleo<strong>da</strong>T. am religiuri dResaswaulebis zeniti iniciaciis<br />
anu ziarebis ritualebi iyo. aseT ritualebs<br />
ki xSirad sruliad Riad seqsualuri forma hqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />
romelsac Tan axl<strong>da</strong> orgiebi <strong>da</strong> sqesobrivi rolebis<br />
aRreva. maTi meSveobiT ki a<strong>da</strong>miani imas eziarebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
risi uflebac mas yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebaSi ar<br />
eZleo<strong>da</strong>. magram antikuri xanis a<strong>da</strong>mianma isic ico<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom siamovnebis am formebze monopolia mxolod<br />
RmerTebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. RmerTebi a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>v uflebas siamovnebasa <strong>da</strong> gancxromaze<br />
ganasaxierebdnen. es iyo maTi zea<strong>da</strong>mianuri Zalis,<br />
RvTaebriobis gamoxatuleba. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ki, romlebic<br />
sakuTari ZalauflebiT Tavs RmerTebs utolebdnen,<br />
aseT Zalauflebas xSirad swored seqsualuri aRviraxsnilobiT<br />
gamoxatavdnen.<br />
misteriebis Tanmxlebi Zvel saberZneTsa <strong>da</strong> romSi<br />
Teatraluri sanaxaobebic iyo, sai<strong>da</strong>nac Tavisufali<br />
xelovnebis pirveli formebi <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. „Tavisufali<br />
xelovneba“ am SemTxvevaSi swored religiuri normebisagan<br />
Tavisuflebas niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac<br />
berZeni tragikosi poeti esqile Tavsi tragediaSi<br />
„mijaWvuli promeTe“ meamboxe titans aTqmevinebs,<br />
rom uzenaesi RvTaebis _ zevsis xelisufleba <strong>da</strong>emxoba,<br />
yofiT situaciaSi aseTi gancxadeba RvTis gmoba<br />
iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, literaturul TxzulebaSi ki, romelic<br />
84 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
misteriebis dros TamaSdebo<strong>da</strong>, xelovans imis saSualeba<br />
eZleo<strong>da</strong>, rom sakuTari „mkrexeluri“ mosazreba<br />
sajarod gamoeTqva.<br />
magram amgvari „SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba“ mono-<br />
Teisturi religiebis gamarjvebisTanave moispo. saxelmwifo<br />
religiis rangSi aRzevebulma qristianobam<br />
erTmaneTze miyolebiT akrZala olimpiuri TamaSobebi,<br />
antikuri Teatri, filosofosTa akademiebi, TviT<br />
sajaro „biblioTekebic“ ki. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, TviT<br />
am „bnel xanad“ wodebul Sua saukuneebSic ki arsebob<strong>da</strong><br />
sferoebi, romlebSic eklesiam <strong>da</strong> Zalauflebis<br />
struqturebma Tavisi represiuli aparatis amuSaveba<br />
bolomde ver SeZles. pirvel rigSi, es iyo qristianuli<br />
mistika, romelic saeklesio dogmatikis CarCoebSi<br />
ver jdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mis akrZalul sazRvrebsac abijeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mistikosebis umravlesoba Tavad<br />
sasuliero piri iyo, azrs moklebuli ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
is mosazreba, rom maT sruliad Segnebulad Seqmnes<br />
werisa <strong>da</strong> saubris „gaucnaurebuli“ stili, romelsac<br />
isini eklesiisa <strong>da</strong> oficiozis sxva Cinovnikebisagan<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ecva. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, araerTi Sua saukuneebis<br />
mistikosi an maTi naweri mainc aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> eklesiisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> RmrTis saxeliT <strong>da</strong>nTebul koconze.<br />
mistika RvTaebriv siyvaruls eqstatur formas aZlevs.<br />
qristianuli mistikis erT-erTi pirveli warmomadgeneli<br />
fsevdo-dionise areopageli (swored is pirovneba,<br />
romelic saqarTveloSi qarTuli warmomavlobis<br />
RvTismetyvel petre iberTanaa gaigivebuli), RvTaebriv<br />
siyvarulze saubrisas xmarobs berZnul sityva<br />
„eross“, romelic xorciel siyvaruls niSnavs <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
qristesmieri siyvarulisa Tu saTnoebis aRmniSvnel<br />
„agapes“. amasTanave, es mistikosi eross kidev erT winaqristianul<br />
berZnul termin „eqstaziasTan“ akavSirebs,<br />
romelic eqstazs, Tav<strong>da</strong>viwyebas gamoxatavs. sasiyvarulo<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>viwyeba RmerTs samyaros aqmnevinebs.<br />
amis sawinaaRmdegod, „oficialur“ qristianobaSi<br />
sxeulebriv siamovnebaTa uaryofam <strong>da</strong> gmobam imdenad<br />
totaluri saxe miiRo, rom Zalauneburad misi Se<strong>da</strong>reba<br />
erT nevrotul meqanizmTan SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>, romelsac<br />
„uaryofa“ ewodeba: nevrozebi, romelTa negativebic<br />
perversiebia, TavianT farul Sinaarss misi amoCemebuli<br />
uaryofiT, negaciiT gamoxataven. Sinaarsi, romlis<br />
gamomzeurebasac nevrotuli pirovneba mTeli Tavisi<br />
ZalisxmeviT ewinaaRmdegeba, sakuTar Tavs hyidis<br />
am Sinaarsis arcTu iSviaTad sruliad ukonteqsto
<strong>da</strong> agresiul uaryofaSi. aseTi „uaryofebis“ yvelaze<br />
cnobili <strong>da</strong> banaluri magaliTia: „iciT, me ara var<br />
homoseqsuali... me homoseqsuali ar gegonoT“... amaze<br />
fsiqoanalitikosis pirvelive reaqcia iqnebo<strong>da</strong>: „ma-<br />
Sasa<strong>da</strong>me es pirovneba homoseqsualia“. arsebobs „uaryofis“<br />
ufro mZafri muxtis matarebeli, agresiuli<br />
variantebic: „me mZuls homoseqsualebi... pi<strong>da</strong>rastebis<br />
de<strong>da</strong>“... _ amgvari formulebis analiziT miRebuli<br />
yvelaze martivi diagnozi ase SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes:<br />
nevrozis Sinaarsi CaxSobili <strong>da</strong> gandevnili homoseqsualuri<br />
survilis sado-mazoxistur perversiad<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>qmnaa. a<strong>da</strong>mianis siZulvilis obieqti sakuTari<br />
Tavia, romelic gandevnil survils gaukuRmarTebuli,<br />
anu perversiuli formiT isrulebs, rodesac mas<br />
sZuls is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebsac am survilis asruleba<br />
SeuZliaT. am SemTxvevaSi misi agresia erosis, siyvarulis<br />
gaukuRmarTebuli, Sebrunebuli formaa <strong>da</strong><br />
igi am formiT amyarebs Tavisi grZnobebis obieqtTan<br />
erotul kavSirs. amasTanave, igi ganicdis mazoxistur<br />
siamovnebas sakuTari Tavis <strong>da</strong>sjiT, pirvandeli survilis<br />
codvad <strong>da</strong> mankierebad SeracxviT.<br />
merab mamar<strong>da</strong>Svils ekuTvnis jojoxeTis metafo-<br />
ris aseTi xatovani ganmarteba: „jojoxeTia, rodesac<br />
<strong>da</strong>bmuli xar <strong>da</strong> Sen Tvalwin aupatiureben Sens satrfos“.<br />
jojoxeTis kuprSi wva mazoxisturi fantaziebis<br />
triumfia, romelic neba<strong>da</strong>karguli a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
maradiul tanjvas <strong>da</strong> sakuTari survilebis verasrulebas,<br />
maT gamo <strong>da</strong>sjasa <strong>da</strong> gvemas ganasaxierebs.<br />
qristianulma eklesiam ki mTeli kacobrioba gamoacxa<strong>da</strong><br />
codvilad <strong>da</strong> amisaTvis mas survilebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
siamovnebaze uaris Tqma <strong>da</strong> codvebis gamosasyi<strong>da</strong>d<br />
mTeli sicocxlis manZilze TviTgvema miusaja. amiT<br />
ki eklesia miwaze, saaqaoSi Seudga imis Seqmnasa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcielebas, rasac igi saiqioSi arsebul jojoxeTad<br />
warmosaxav<strong>da</strong>. filosofos miSel fukos TqmiT,<br />
„arasdros hqonia seqsualobas esoden uSualo <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi<br />
mniSvneloba, rogorc Sua saukuneebis <strong>da</strong>cemuli<br />
sxeulebisa <strong>da</strong> codvebis samyaroSi“.<br />
xorcieli eqstazi, orgaistika, <strong>da</strong>wesebuli <strong>da</strong><br />
wmin<strong>da</strong>d Seracxuli normebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva Semoinaxa Sua<br />
saukuneebis „<strong>da</strong>bal fenebad“ wodebul uuflebo <strong>da</strong><br />
saavtoro<br />
wera-kiTxvis ucodinari xalxis karnavalurma kulturam,<br />
romelTa qarTuli nairsaxeoba berikaoba <strong>da</strong><br />
yeenobaa. am kulturis yvelaze cnobili mkvlevari<br />
mixail baxtini karnavals „utopiuri Tavisuflebis“<br />
gamoxatulebas uwodebs, romlis drosac a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />
ufleba eZleo<strong>da</strong>T ierarqiisa <strong>da</strong> mmarTveli klasebisaTvis,<br />
TviT saeklesio avtoritetebisTvisac ki<br />
<strong>da</strong>ecinaT, masxrad aegdoT normatiuli wesrigi <strong>da</strong><br />
SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi Tavisuflebis idealuri samyaro Teatraluri<br />
<strong>da</strong> xSirad „uxamsi“ formebiTac gamoesaxaT.<br />
ukve gvian Sua saukuneebSi eklesiam karnavaluri<br />
kultura alqajTa Tavyrilobad Seracxa <strong>da</strong> mTeli<br />
Tavisi sisastike swored am uswavlel xelovanTa <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavisufal moazrovneTa winaaRmdeg mimarTa, magram<br />
misi aRmofxvra mainc ver SeZlo. Tanamedrove samyaroSi<br />
ki igi masobriv kulturas Seerwya <strong>da</strong> Cveulebriv<br />
komerciul dResaswaulad iqca, romlis erTerTi<br />
yvelaze cnobili magaliTicaa „helouini“.<br />
baxtinisa <strong>da</strong> ara mxolod misi azriT, swored am<br />
„m<strong>da</strong>bioTa“ uxamsma kulturam udidesi sasicocxlo<br />
impulsebi misca renesansis saxviT xelovnebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
literaturas. karnavaluri warmoSobisaa xelovnebis<br />
iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa parodia <strong>da</strong> groteski,<br />
romlebSic utrirebisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>metebis meSveobiT,<br />
epataJiTa <strong>da</strong> ironiiT sakmaod radikaluri socialuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> politikuri kritika Tu protesti gamoixateba.<br />
Tavad karnavaluri Janri ki, romlisTvisac <strong>da</strong>wesebuli<br />
normebisa <strong>da</strong> sazRvrebis ga<strong>da</strong>bijeba <strong>da</strong> „akrZaluli“<br />
<strong>da</strong> codvad Seracxuli Temebis kultivirebaa<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli, mTeli simZafriT Sua saukuneebis<br />
religiuri wesrigisa <strong>da</strong> „Zveli reJimebis“ <strong>da</strong>mxobis<br />
Semdeg gamoCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT klasikur Janrad<br />
iqca, romlebsac ukve universitetebSi aswavlian.<br />
xelovneba, rogorc `paTologia~ <strong>da</strong><br />
`boroteba~<br />
„Я люблю смотреть как умирают дети“. _ vladimir<br />
maiakovski<br />
XVIII saukuneSi, safrangeTis revoluciamde ramdenime<br />
wliT adre gaCn<strong>da</strong> literaturuli Janri,<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 85
saavtoro<br />
Tuki civilizaciis, wesrigiani samyaros arqetipi Tavisuflebis CaxSobaa, Semoqmedeba<br />
am <strong>da</strong>karguli Tavisuflebis ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebisa <strong>da</strong> misi gancdis, sulieri travmebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
tkivilebisgan gankurnebis erTaderTi saSualebacaa.<br />
romelsac „libertinuli“ ewo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelic, sayovelTaod<br />
aRiarebuli moraluri <strong>da</strong> seqsualuri<br />
normebis sawinaaRmdegod, srul aRviraxsnilobas<br />
aRwer<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> yovelgvar zneobriv tradicias abuCad<br />
igdeb<strong>da</strong>. am Janris erT-erTi pirveli <strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />
cnobili warmomadgeneli frangi markizi donasien<br />
alfons fransua de sadi kacobriobis istoriaSi,<br />
upirveles yovlisa, misi saxeli<strong>da</strong>n warmoebuli fsiqopaTologiuri<br />
terminis sadizmis saxeliT Sevi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
sadi, gar<strong>da</strong> skan<strong>da</strong>luri romanebis avtorobisa, axali<br />
epoqis pirveli udidesi disidentic iyo, romelic<br />
Tanabari ukompromisobiTa <strong>da</strong> radikalurobiT<br />
akritikeb<strong>da</strong> jer monarqiasa <strong>da</strong> samRvdeloebas, Semdeg<br />
iakobinelTa diqtaturasa <strong>da</strong> „direqtorias“,<br />
bolos ki napoleonis imperias. XX saukunis germaneli<br />
dramaturgis peter vaisis piesaSi „marat/sadi“<br />
ukve fsiqiatriul klinikaSi iZulebiT moTavsebuli<br />
sadi ixsenebs safrangeTis mefe lui XV-ze ganxorcielebul<br />
warumatebel teraqtSi <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>naSaulebuli<br />
pirovnebis _ <strong>da</strong>mianes sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sjis ambavs.<br />
parizis erT-erT centralur moe<strong>da</strong>nze ramdenime<br />
saaTs grZeldebo<strong>da</strong> sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sjis sanaxaoba.<br />
braldebuli neli <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivi wamebiT mokles.<br />
am istoriis gaxsenebisas ki sads yuradReba imaze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>aqvs, rom moe<strong>da</strong>nze mdgari erTi saxlis fanjaraSi<br />
jakomo kazanova Cans, romelsac erTdroulad<br />
or qalTan seqsi aqvs. Cemi azriT, peter vaiss am<br />
erT scenaSi naCvenebi aqvs sadis Semoqmedebis mTeli<br />
arsi: im dros, rodesac safrangeTSi mravalwliani<br />
politikuri terori, samoqalaqo Tu imperiuli omebi<br />
mZvinvareb<strong>da</strong>, sadma Tavis romanebSi yovelgvar<br />
zRudes moklebuli <strong>da</strong> „aRviraxsnili“ seqsualobis<br />
detaluri aRweriT erTgvari hiperrealoba Seqmna,<br />
romelmac yoveldRe giliotinaze mokveTili Tavebis<br />
naxviT emocieb<strong>da</strong>Clungebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebis Se-<br />
Zrwuneba <strong>da</strong> maTTvis mgrZnobelobis unaris <strong>da</strong>bruneba<br />
SeZlo.<br />
sekularuli „modernis“ xanaSi religiuri akr-<br />
Zalvebis adgili sazogadoebrivma moralizmma <strong>da</strong><br />
iurisprudenciam <strong>da</strong>ikava, religiebs samecniero<br />
diskursebi Caenacvla, „codvas“ _ „perversiebi“<br />
<strong>da</strong> „paTologiebi“. XIX saukunis araerTi cnobili<br />
mwerali <strong>da</strong> xelovani aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> axali zneobrivi<br />
instanciebis Setevisa <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmebis samizne.<br />
samagaliTod gustav floberisa <strong>da</strong> oskar uaildis<br />
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo procesebis gax-<br />
86 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
senebac SeiZleba. araevropul qveynebSi ki, magali-<br />
Tad ruseTis imperiaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis<br />
done sagrZnoblad CamorCebo<strong>da</strong> evropul<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs, 1917 wlamde isev mZlavrob<strong>da</strong> saeklesio<br />
cenzura, romelsac Zala Seswev<strong>da</strong> dostoevskis<br />
romani<strong>da</strong>n „eSmakni“ mTeli erTi Tavi amoeRo, xolo<br />
tolstoi anaTemisTvis ga<strong>da</strong>eca.<br />
magram aseT konfliqtebze metad mniSvnelovani<br />
is aris, rom „modernis“ xanaSi xelovanis, Semoqmedi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis <strong>da</strong> Tavad Semoqmedebis paradigma icvleba<br />
an, ufro swori iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>faruli arsi<br />
mJRavndeba: literatura <strong>da</strong> xelovneba (romlebic<br />
am SemTxvevaSi erTi <strong>da</strong> igivea) gvevlineba rogorc<br />
Semdgari, ganxorcielebuli subversia, mimarTuli<br />
moraluri warmodgenebisa <strong>da</strong> politikuri wesrigis<br />
winaaRmdeg. xelovnebis subversiuloba imiTac gamoixateba,<br />
rom is a<strong>da</strong>mianebis nervebze moqmedebs,<br />
wesebs <strong>da</strong> konvenciebs arRvevs, mudmiv konfliqtSia<br />
sazogadoebasTan <strong>da</strong> mis tradiciul faseulobeb-<br />
Tan. esaa xelovnebis suverenulobis arsi, romelic<br />
verc erTi normatiuli wesrigis farglebSi ver Tavsdeba<br />
<strong>da</strong>, rogorc iuri lotmani ambobs, „ara mxolod<br />
akrZaluls, aramed SeuZlebelsac SesaZlebels<br />
xdis“. is, rac ver xerxdeba realobaSi, xorcs isxams<br />
gamoTqmul <strong>da</strong> gamosaxul fantaziebSi. xelovneba<br />
imdena<strong>da</strong>a xelovneba, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c igi „akrZalul<br />
Temebs“ ar cnobs, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c misTvis zRudeebi <strong>da</strong><br />
Tematuri ierarqiebi ar arsebobs <strong>da</strong> yvelaze Zlieri<br />
ideologiuri wnexisa Tu zogjer niRbis qveSac<br />
ki arsebuli realobis Semaryevel biZgebs warmoqmnis.<br />
yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, xelovneba ideologiuri<br />
nagvis reproduqciis samsaxurSia. xelovnebaSi ara<br />
mxolod cocxldeba, aramed legitimuri xdeba is,<br />
rac akrZaluli <strong>da</strong> CaxSobili iyo _ a<strong>da</strong>mianis survilebi,<br />
romlebic represiis Sedegad „gaukuRmarTebuli“,<br />
perversiuli saxiT amotivtivdeba Semoqmedi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis imaginarul, anu warmosaxviT samyaroSi. es<br />
faqtori ki ukve radikalurad cvlis xelovani a<strong>da</strong>mianis,<br />
rogorc xelovnebis subieqtis paradigmas: is<br />
RvTisgan boZebuli zea<strong>da</strong>mianuri unarebiT <strong>da</strong>jildoebuli<br />
RmerTkaci ki aRaraa, aramed sigiJis zRvarze<br />
myofi, garyvnili <strong>da</strong> amoraluri fantaziebis<br />
patroni, romelsac sircxvilis grZnoba aqvs <strong>da</strong>karguli<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakuTar uintimures detalebsac ki sajarod<br />
yvelas acnobs. jer kidev XIX saukuneSi gavrcel<strong>da</strong><br />
azri, rom genialuroba fsiqopaTiis nairsaxeobaa.
poststruqturalizmis erT-erTi pirveli Teoretikosi<br />
rolan bartis azriT ki, „yvela mwerals Seu-<br />
Zlia Tqvas: sigiJemde ver vqaCav, janmrTelad yofnas<br />
ver vkadrulob, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me nevrotuli var“.<br />
iseve rogorc nevrozebis, xelovnebis „negativebic“<br />
perversiebia. XX saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze<br />
skan<strong>da</strong>luri mwerali <strong>da</strong> Teoretikosi JorJ batai Tavis<br />
Teoriul naSromSi, romelsac „literatura <strong>da</strong><br />
boroteba“ ewodeba, ase gansazRvravs literaturis<br />
arss: „literatura... borotebis mwvaved gamoxatuli<br />
formaa, Tavad borotebaa... es debuleba ara moralis<br />
arqonas, aramed zemorals moiTxovs“. amgvari<br />
„zemorali“ yofiTi samyaros zneobriv normativebze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bijebas niSnavs. aqve gasaxsenebelia lotmanis<br />
azric, rom yoveli axali, novatoruli mxatvruli<br />
forma, „tradiciuli azris matarebelTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
ukanonod <strong>da</strong> maTi grZnobebis Seuracxmyofla<strong>da</strong>c ki<br />
fasdeba; esaa Sokis momgvreli metafora, romelic<br />
SemoqmedebiTi aqtis Sedegia“. anu Semdgari SemoqmedebiTi<br />
aqti ukve Tavis<strong>da</strong>uneburad <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli<br />
formebisa <strong>da</strong> normebis ngrevas an maTgan gamijvnas,<br />
maT uaryofasac iwvevs. amdenad, sruliad bunebri-<br />
via isic, rom tradicionalistebi mas sakuTar Rirebulebebze<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmad aRiqvamen. amis sapirispirod,<br />
ideologiuri fsevdo-xelovneba sicocxlisgan <strong>da</strong>clili<br />
<strong>da</strong> didi xnis gaxunebuli mkv<strong>da</strong>ri formebis<br />
kvlavwarmoebiTaa <strong>da</strong>kavebuli, romlebic wmin<strong>da</strong>d<br />
propagandistuli Sinaarsis gar<strong>da</strong>, aranair emociur<br />
muxts ar gadmoscemen. esaa frigiduli xelovneba an<br />
xelovnebis surogati, romelic ara cocxali a<strong>da</strong>mianebisaTvis,<br />
aramed zombebisaTvisaa gankuTvnili,<br />
maT kidev ufro metad <strong>da</strong>sakabaleblad <strong>da</strong> maTSi<br />
sicocxlis impulsebis kidev ufro metad gasaneitraleblad.<br />
xelovneba imdena<strong>da</strong>a dinamikuri <strong>da</strong> cocxali,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mas axali formebis, metaforebis,<br />
gamosaxvis saSualebebis warmoqmna SeuZlia,<br />
romlebic Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad perversiad <strong>da</strong> uxamsobad<br />
aRiqmeba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebaSi <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba Semoaqvs.<br />
gansakuTrebiT aRSfoTebulia sazogadoebis is nawili,<br />
romelic xelovnebis nawarmoebSi sakuTar Tavs,<br />
sakuTar verrealizebul <strong>da</strong> CaxSobil grZnobebs<br />
saavtoro<br />
amoicnobs. aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi sakuTar farul vnebebs<br />
gaSiSvlebulsa <strong>da</strong> mxilebuls xe<strong>da</strong>ven, rogorc dostoevskis<br />
romanis „<strong>da</strong>naSaulisa <strong>da</strong> sasjelis“ mTavar<br />
protagonists, rodion raskolnikovs quCaSi yurmokruli<br />
fraza „mkvlelo!“ mis pirovnul samxilad<br />
eCveneba. aseve xelovnebis nawarmoebis SinaarsiTa<br />
Tu formiT aRSfoTebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianic mas Tavis pirovnul<br />
„lustraciad“ <strong>da</strong> Seuracxyofad iRebs.<br />
rodesac xelovneba Tavis perversiulobas kargavs<br />
<strong>da</strong> sayovelTaod misaRebi <strong>da</strong> xelmisawvdomi<br />
xdeba, banalur stereotipad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva, romelic<br />
pirvandel mniSvnelobas icvlis <strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT<br />
ideologiuri instrumentis funqciasac iZens. rolan<br />
barti literaturul Txzulebas usaqcielo<br />
pirovnebas a<strong>da</strong>rebs, romelic „mama-politikas ukanals<br />
aCvenebs“. „mama-politika“ aq konservatoruli<br />
azrovnebis, ideologiuri kulturis statikurobis<br />
simboloa, romelic „Svilebisgan“ morCilebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> qedmoxrilobas moiTxovs <strong>da</strong> nebismieri sasicocxlo<br />
formis aqtiobis gamovlinebas SeCvenebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
CaxSobiT emuqreba. mxatvruli nawarmoebiT amgvari<br />
avtoritetebisa <strong>da</strong> cenzorebis mimarT is SiSi <strong>da</strong><br />
mowiweba ga<strong>da</strong>ilaxeba, romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianis sasicocxlo<br />
energiebis <strong>da</strong>Trgunviskenaa mimarTuli. Tuki<br />
civilizaciis, wesrigiani samyaros arqetipi Tavisuflebis<br />
CaxSobaa, Semoqmedeba am <strong>da</strong>karguli Tavisuflebis<br />
ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebisa <strong>da</strong> misi gancdis, sulieri<br />
travmebisa <strong>da</strong> tkivilebisgan gankurnebis erTader-<br />
Ti saSualebacaa. amdenad Semoqmedebas, raoden cinikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> „borotic“, „garyvnilebisa“ <strong>da</strong> „perversiebis“<br />
gamomsaxvelic un<strong>da</strong> iyos igi, Terapiuli<br />
funqcia aqvs ara mxolod avtorisaTvis, aramed misi<br />
mimRebi <strong>da</strong> gamgebi auditoriisTvisac. aqve gasagebia<br />
avtoritaruli ideologiuri organizaciebis,<br />
rogoricaa eklesia, xelovnebisadmi SiSi <strong>da</strong> zizRi,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c xelovnebas, zogjer Sokuri, zogjer ki<br />
ufro Sefaruli <strong>da</strong> SeniRbuli formiT a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi<br />
sicocxlisa <strong>da</strong> Tavisuflebisaken ltolvis impulsebis<br />
gamZafreba SeuZlia. es ki a<strong>da</strong>mianis nebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
survilebis <strong>da</strong>mTrgunvel instituciebs <strong>da</strong>sayrdensa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Zalauflebas aclis.<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 87
gagrZeleba<br />
erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis<br />
ob<strong>da</strong>, saqarTveloSi axali, Signi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
warmoqmnili barieri gaCn<strong>da</strong><br />
avangardisa <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove xelovnebisTvis.<br />
es iyo komerciulobis<br />
<strong>da</strong> prestiJulobis gafetiSeba.<br />
arakomerciuli aq warumatebel-<br />
Tan <strong>da</strong> uiRblosTan gaigiv<strong>da</strong>, ri-<br />
Tac, TavisTavad win wamoiwia Tanamedrove<br />
art konteqstebisTvis<br />
miuRebelma salonurma Rirebulebebma.<br />
saqarTveloSi burJuaziuli<br />
kultura bolomde ver Semovi<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> mdidruli, Tanamedrove galereebi<br />
naklebad Seiqmna. moskovs,<br />
rogorc megapoliss, aseTi pretenziis<br />
meti Sansi hqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> albaT<br />
amitomac, Tavs iseTi fufunebis<br />
uflebac misca, rom sakuTar<br />
kulturaSi wamyvan generatorad<br />
<strong>da</strong>etovebina araformaluri xelovneba.<br />
marTlac, dRes kabakovi muzeu-<br />
mebSia, bugaevs, igive afrikas, niu-<br />
iorkSi xSirad naxavT <strong>da</strong> CelsiSic<br />
gamoifineba, german vinogradovi<br />
moskovSi, isev sakuTar samsarTulian<br />
binaSi atarebs grandiozul<br />
alqimiur-Samanur-musikalur performansebs<br />
yovel kvira dRes, Tu<br />
evropul turneebze ar aris wasuli.<br />
bartenevi sabWoTa xelovnebis<br />
magnatTan, zurab wereTelTan er-<br />
Tad awyobs erTobliv samxatvro<br />
seansebs. Jana aguzarova <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
rusi artistebi ameriki<strong>da</strong>n isev<br />
ruseTs <strong>da</strong>ubrundnen. TbilisSic,<br />
`meaTe sarTulTan~ <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
artistebi yovelwliurad axal<br />
samuSaos gvTavazoben. awyoben gamofenebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> isini dResac progresuli<br />
inteleqtualuri dizainis<br />
birTvs warmoadgenen. <strong>da</strong> mainc, am<br />
yvelafris institucionalizacia<br />
jer kidev ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra, <strong>da</strong> is Cven-<br />
diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
studenturi amboxeba mickeviCis<br />
poema `papebis~ akrZalviT <strong>da</strong>iwyo,<br />
magram xelisuflebis mier `Segdebuli~<br />
xazis wyalobiT, male<br />
antisemitizmis niSnebi SeiZina.<br />
maSin am ambebma Seiwira mwerali<br />
iasenica, romelic studentebis<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel moTxovnebs mxars<br />
aqtiurad uWer<strong>da</strong>. iasenicas ciliswamebis<br />
talRa <strong>da</strong>aty<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
gulma veRar gauZlo. es iyo `swori<br />
polonelebis~ xelSi Cadebuli<br />
samarTeblis namdvili msxverpli.<br />
Julavskis, SeiZleba qvecnobiera<strong>da</strong>c,<br />
raRac metis Tqma undo<strong>da</strong> _<br />
mowesrigebulobaSi, sworxazovnebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> meinstrimulSi <strong>da</strong>malul<br />
safrTxeze miTiTeba.<br />
ajanyebebi <strong>da</strong> qalebi<br />
`ra aris poloneTi bolos <strong>da</strong><br />
bolos, _ uTqvams erT rus diplomats<br />
varSavaSi, banketze, _ bevri<br />
kartofili, vaSli <strong>da</strong> `straikebi,<br />
straikebi~... diplomati mTvrali<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong> mTavari <strong>da</strong>aviwy<strong>da</strong> _ poloneli<br />
qalebi. Tanac bolo ori<br />
elementi erTmaneTs mWidrod ukavSirdeba.<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c ajanyebebi iyo,<br />
iyvnen poloneli qalebic, rogorc<br />
STagonebis, suliskveTebis<br />
wyaro. nikoloz I-s uyvar<strong>da</strong> poloneli<br />
qalebi, <strong>da</strong> Tan, mgoni, cota<br />
eSino<strong>da</strong> kidec maTi, imitom rom<br />
poloneTSi momsaxure Svils, momaval<br />
imperators werilSi afrTxileb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
_ frTxilad iyavi magaT-<br />
Tan, raRac magiuri momnusxveli<br />
Zala aqvTo. vfiqrob, saqme ufro<br />
martivad iyo _ am qveynis specifikurma<br />
bedma Seqmna gansakuTrebuli<br />
qali, eris inteleqtis, <strong>da</strong><br />
kidev ufro metad, suliskveTebis<br />
matarebeli.<br />
1864 wels, sisxlSi CaxSobili<br />
ajanyebi<strong>da</strong>n TiTqmis erTi wlis<br />
Semdeg nikolozi varSavaSi Cavi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
iqaur elitas `Jesti~, Tu<br />
raRac amis msgavsi gaukeTa, Tan<br />
Tvalsac wyals <strong>da</strong>alevineb<strong>da</strong>. magram<br />
imperatori swored maT <strong>da</strong>zafres,<br />
visi wyalobis imedic<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong>. poloneTis yvelaze war-<br />
90 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
Cinebuli, yvelaze lamazi qalebi<br />
sazeimo mejlisze sruli samgloviaro<br />
`amuniciiT~ <strong>da</strong>xvdnen, imdeni<br />
TavSekavebiT, ris saSualebasac<br />
etiketi (mainc maTi imperatori<br />
iyo) iZleo<strong>da</strong>. erTaderTi samkauli,<br />
rac im dRes <strong>da</strong>rbazSi ekeTaT,<br />
foladis iyo: sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sjili<br />
poloneli oficrebis ojaxebma<br />
maTi iaraRi ga<strong>da</strong>adnes <strong>da</strong> maT<strong>da</strong>mi<br />
pativis misagebad es mouxeSavi,<br />
ubralo saprotesto samkauli <strong>da</strong>amzadebines.<br />
varSavis saxelmwifo<br />
muzeumSi erTi <strong>da</strong>rbazia, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
mxolod am qalebis portretebia<br />
gamofenili. am suraTebze isini<br />
swored ise gamoiyurebian, rogorc<br />
nikoloz I-s <strong>da</strong>xvdnen.<br />
polonuri tradiciiT, qali pasiur,<br />
simyudrovis Semqmnel arsebad<br />
sulac ar ganixilebo<strong>da</strong>; piriqiT,<br />
is qmni<strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rts, maRal<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rts, romelic mamakacs modunebis<br />
saSualebas ar aZlev<strong>da</strong>,<br />
myudro cxovrebas urRvev<strong>da</strong>, Seurigeblobisken<br />
mouwodeb<strong>da</strong>. es sadRac<br />
oci wlis asakSi, bulat okujavas<br />
`diletantebis mogzaurobis~<br />
wakiTxvam Semaxsena. romanSi mTeli<br />
poloneTi am or qalSi, araordinarul<br />
de<strong>da</strong>-SvilSi iyris Tavs. cnobili<br />
ambavia, colebi, marto rus<br />
dekabristebs ki ara, me-19 saukunis<br />
polonel meamboxeebsac mihyvebodnen<br />
cimbirSi, magram, Tu Cemi STabeWdileba<br />
sworia, es ambavi poloneTSi<br />
iseTi miTologizebuli araa,<br />
rogorc ruseTSi.<br />
`retradicionalizacia~:<br />
tradiciaze ga<strong>da</strong>bijebiT<br />
oTxmociani wlebi poloneTSic,<br />
iseve rogorc sabWoTa kavSirSi,<br />
saintereso <strong>da</strong> cocxali periodi<br />
iyo, Tumca, iq _ amas Semawuxebeli<br />
siRaribec axl<strong>da</strong>, radgan aRmosavleT<br />
blokis krizisi pirvelad<br />
am qveyanaSi gamomJRavn<strong>da</strong>. uRaribesi<br />
Sliaxtis devizi _ `Sarvals<br />
vyidi, fraks vitoveb~ _ cocxalia,<br />
rogorc arasdros. magram ai,<br />
bloki <strong>da</strong>Slilia <strong>da</strong> masSi Semaval<br />
qveynebs Tavisufali ganviTare-<br />
bis saSualeba eZlevaT. `postkomunistebTan~<br />
(iaroslav kaCinskis<br />
sayvareli terminia) brZolaSi,<br />
mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc maSin, roca Sarvlis<br />
gayidvis aucilebloba aRar dgas<br />
_ polonuri ekonomikuri reformis<br />
mamis, balceroviCis TqmiT,<br />
qveyanas aseTi xelsayreli periodi<br />
300 welia, aRar hqonia _ ibadeba<br />
axali filisteruli tendencia,<br />
romlis gaCena TiTqos bunebrivia,<br />
magram garkveul safrTxeebs Seicavs:<br />
retradicionalizacia. poloneTSi<br />
am mimarTulebas romis<br />
papis polonelobam, misma ganuzomelma<br />
avtoritetmac Seuwyo xeli.<br />
polonelebis didi nawilisTvis<br />
am periodSi yvelaferi gasagebia;<br />
arsebobs ideali, romelic, Tu<br />
memarcxenuli Zalebis kritikas<br />
ar CavTvliT, unakloa, srulyofilebaa.<br />
es tendencia dualurad<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Zvel, polonur<br />
tradiciasTan: imeoreb<strong>da</strong>, magram,<br />
rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,<br />
Tanac uaryof<strong>da</strong> mxolod misTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel niSnebs, <strong>da</strong>, ra<br />
Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, qalis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebazec<br />
iqonia gavlena.<br />
polonuri feminizmi saTaves mecxramete<br />
saukunis pirvel wlebSi<br />
iRebs, <strong>da</strong> dRevandlamde, ase iTvleba,<br />
Svid talRad aRwevs. bunebrivia,<br />
ori didi, 1831 <strong>da</strong> 1863-64<br />
wlebis amboxeba qalebis rolis<br />
gaaqtiurebas iwvevs. feminizmis<br />
meore talRa swored am periodze<br />
modis. ormocian wlebSi qveyanaSi<br />
Zlieria JorJ sandis <strong>da</strong> `la gazet<br />
de fam~-is gavlena; iqmneba qalebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>jgufeba `enTuziastki~; pirveli<br />
filosofosi qali eleonora zimiencka<br />
wers `mosazrebebs qalTa<br />
aRzrdis Sesaxeb~, romelic qalSi<br />
jer a<strong>da</strong>mianis, pirovnebis aRzrdis<br />
aucileblobas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, Semdeg<br />
ki _ qaluri sawyisis. magram mgoni,<br />
arc erT talRas ar Sexvedria<br />
iseTi winaaRmdegoba, rogorc ukanasknels,<br />
romlis warmomadgenlebs<br />
kaTolikuri eklesiis mzardi<br />
gavlenis pirobebSi mouwiaT cxovreba.<br />
1993 wels qveyanaSi oficia-
lurad aikrZala abortebi, ramdenime<br />
wlis Semdeg ki _ sqesobrivi<br />
aRzrdis gakveTilebi skolebSi.<br />
SeCer<strong>da</strong> kontracefciasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sirebuli saxelmwifo programebi.<br />
Tu es xdebo<strong>da</strong> kvaSnevskis prezidentobis<br />
periodSi, romelic ka-<br />
Tolikuri platformiT ar mosula,<br />
`kanonis <strong>da</strong> samarTlianobis~<br />
xelisuflebaSi mosvlis Semdeg<br />
tendencia mxolod gaZlier<strong>da</strong>.<br />
morwmune polonuri ojaxebis didma<br />
nawilma CaTvala, rom sami k-s<br />
biurgeruli kombinacia qalisTvis<br />
sruliad sakmarisia.<br />
samociani-oTxmociani wlebis<br />
poloneTi rus mwerals viqtor<br />
erofeevs ase warmoedgina: `es iyo<br />
axalgazr<strong>da</strong>, aRtyinebuli, ga<strong>da</strong>reuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> aRviraxsnili poloneTi,<br />
romelsac mis <strong>da</strong>uZinebel mter-<br />
Tan, sabWoTa kavSirTan yvelaferi<br />
brwyinvaled gasdio<strong>da</strong>. mis fonze,<br />
poloneTi TvalismomWrel, lamaz<br />
qalad Can<strong>da</strong>, romelic mokle kabas<br />
atareb<strong>da</strong>, rok-n-rols cekvav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
uZilo Rameebis Semdeg kosCiolSi<br />
loculob<strong>da</strong>... Cven yvelam gamoviareT<br />
aseTi poloneTiT aRfrTovanebis<br />
periodi~. magram is poloneTi<br />
aRar aris. axla mas sakuTar<br />
TavTan uwevs brZola. `paradoqsuli<br />
ram mox<strong>da</strong> _ sovietizmis kraxis<br />
Semdeg poloneTs raRac sxva<br />
`sabWouroba~ <strong>da</strong>emarTa. glexuri<br />
sijiute. eklesiisadmi usazRvro<br />
ndoba, TiTqmis iseTi, rogorc<br />
sabWoeTSi _ partiis mimarT, politikuri<br />
niSnuli gax<strong>da</strong>. qveynis<br />
beds ironiulRimiliani kverTxisTavebi<br />
wyveten, romlebsac nacionalizmis,<br />
antisemitizmis <strong>da</strong><br />
provinciuli mesianobis wylulebi<br />
awuxebT. poloneli inteligencia,<br />
romelic am skan<strong>da</strong>lur ambavs SeuiaraRebeli<br />
TvaliT xe<strong>da</strong>vs, <strong>da</strong>berebul,<br />
ususur qals <strong>da</strong>emsgavsa,<br />
radgan Tavisuflebis wlebSi misi<br />
roli sabazro ekonomikis kanonebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>umorCiles~.<br />
lex kaCinski, poloneTis <strong>da</strong>Rupuli<br />
prezidenti, Zveli, ruseT-<br />
Tan mZafrad <strong>da</strong>pirispirebuli, ka-<br />
Tolikuri poloneTis Svili iyo,<br />
faseulobebis Sesabamisi paketiT.<br />
saerTod, aSkaraa, rom tradiciuli<br />
qarTul-polonuri soli<strong>da</strong>roba<br />
swored am pakets efuZneba.<br />
axalgazr<strong>da</strong>, gansxvavebuli poloneTi<br />
nakleba<strong>da</strong>a cnobili. masTan<br />
urTierTobas safuZvlad isev Zveli<br />
tradicia udevs, magram SeiZleba<br />
male es sakmarisi aRar iyos.<br />
poloneTi yvelasia<br />
roca kaCinskis erT-erT interviuSi<br />
hkiTxes, Tu ras fiqrobs<br />
poloneTis kaTolicizirebaze<br />
(ucnaurad <strong>da</strong>smuli kiTxvaa, magram<br />
azri, mgoni, gasagebia), man<br />
upasuxa, _ `es qveynis deqristianizebas<br />
gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong>, me ki es ar<br />
min<strong>da</strong>, mxolod imitom ki ara, rom<br />
morwmune var, aramed imis gamoc,<br />
rom sxva, yvelasaTvis misaRebi<br />
arCevani ar gvaqvs. xSirad mixdeba<br />
erT magi<strong>da</strong>sTan iseT a<strong>da</strong>mianeb-<br />
Tan jdoma, visi azrebic Cemsas ar<br />
emTxveva, <strong>da</strong> maT mimarT simpaTii-<br />
Tac ki var ganwyobili~. Tumca,<br />
roca misi merobis periodSi gei<br />
organizaciebma aRlumis Catarebis<br />
moTxovniT mimarTes, kaCinskim<br />
maT ganucxa<strong>da</strong>, rom pativs scems<br />
maT moqalaqeobriv uflebebs, magram<br />
ara _ maTi, rogorc geebis,<br />
uflebas.<br />
poloneTs hqon<strong>da</strong> Sansi, gansxvavebulTa<br />
Soris iseTi TanaarsebobisTvis<br />
mieRwia, rogorzec wignis<br />
`<strong>da</strong>umorCilebelTa geneologiis~<br />
avtori wer<strong>da</strong>: `iqneb am gansjam<br />
imaT argos, vinc morwmuneebs <strong>da</strong><br />
urwmunoebs Soris arsebul zRvars<br />
barikadebad aRiqvams... eklesiis<br />
gare eTikuri tradiciebis<br />
mimdevrebma ukuagdon miTi<br />
antihumanisturi qristianobis<br />
Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> saxarebas mimarTon...<br />
qristianma ki gaacnobieros, rom<br />
eklesiis gareT myofi misi TanamoZme<br />
eTikur vakuumSi ar cxovrobs,<br />
aramed masaviT _ <strong>da</strong> masaviT<br />
mouqnelad _ cdilobs sakuTari<br />
zneobrivi kodeqsis xorcSesxmas.<br />
am kodeqsSi asaxulia Tav<strong>da</strong>pirve-<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
li sikeTe <strong>da</strong> samaridiso WeSmariteba,<br />
romelsac yvela Cvengani ase<br />
eZiebs <strong>da</strong> ase xSirad Ralatobs~.<br />
arsebobs kidev erTi polonuri<br />
ideali, romelic iagelonuri<br />
(didi, Wreli _ rac gnebavT, is<br />
<strong>da</strong>varqvaT _ roca sityva polonelisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel Semwynareblobaze<br />
Camovardeba, sabuTad<br />
iagelonuri xana moaqvT xolme)<br />
poloneTis safuZvelSi devs. roca<br />
poloneTis <strong>da</strong> litvis samefoebi<br />
dinastiuri qorwinebiT erTiandebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
1413 wels am movlenis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebel<br />
gorodlos uniaSi<br />
Caiwera: `mxolod siyvaruli araa<br />
amaoeba: siyvaruli sxivosania, wyenas<br />
aSuSebs, mSvidobas amkvidrebs,<br />
<strong>da</strong>yofilT aerTianebs, <strong>da</strong>cemulT<br />
fexze wamoayenebs...siyvaruli qmnis<br />
kanonebs, samefoebs marTavs, qalaqebs<br />
safuZvels uyris... amis gamoa,<br />
rom Cven, aq erTad Tavmoyrilebi,<br />
siyvarulis farqveS Tavis modrekis<br />
msurvelebi <strong>da</strong> misadmi wmin<strong>da</strong> grZnobiT<br />
aRvsilebi am qaRaldiT va<strong>da</strong>sturebT,<br />
rom Cveni saxlebis <strong>da</strong><br />
ojaxebis SeerTeba <strong>da</strong> Sekvra gvsurs~.<br />
erTianobaze saubari legen<strong>da</strong>ruli<br />
`soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCis~ wlebTan<br />
gvabrunebs, roca ideologiurad<br />
<strong>da</strong>pirispirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi brZolis<br />
strategias erTad irCevdnen,<br />
ramac muSebis <strong>da</strong> inteligenciis<br />
`gaugonari, SesaSuri fenomeni~<br />
Seqmna. amis gamo, g<strong>da</strong>nskis gemTm-<br />
Senebeli qarxnis muSebTan soli<strong>da</strong>ruli<br />
Zalebic erTiandebodnen:<br />
norvegiaSi maoistebi konservatorebTan<br />
erTad gamoxatavdnen protests<br />
poloneTis movlenebis Taobaze,<br />
safrangeTSi _ trockistebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> qristianuli profkavSirebi, inglisSi<br />
_ memarcxeneebi <strong>da</strong> konservatori<br />
inteleqtualebi. indoeTSi<br />
g<strong>da</strong>nskis ambebi<strong>da</strong>n ori wlis Semdegac<br />
ki saxlebis fasadebze didi<br />
asoebiT ewera: `imperialisturo<br />
sabWoeTo: xelebi Sors poloneTisagan!~<br />
`rogorc wesi, mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras<br />
erT romelime movlenas an memarjveneebi<br />
ucxadeben, an memarcxeneebi,<br />
magram `soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCma~ amis<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 91
gagrZeleba<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>laxva moaxerxa. `ratom vuWerdi<br />
mxars soli<strong>da</strong>robas? imitom rom<br />
miyvars imis keTeba, rac sakuTar<br />
Tavze maRla mayenebs~, _ wer<strong>da</strong><br />
wlebis Semdeg erT-erTi norvegieli<br />
aqtivisti.<br />
...<br />
am dReebSi rene harlinis filmis<br />
nawyveti vnaxe _ kadrebi, roca<br />
oTxi prezidenti parlamentis SenobasTan<br />
Sekrebili mwared <strong>da</strong>marcxebuli<br />
qarTveli xalxis winaSe<br />
gamodis; xalxis, romelsac hgonia,<br />
rom gaimarjva. mere prezidentebi<br />
erTmaneTs xelebs sWideben <strong>da</strong><br />
maRla sweven. erT-erTi lex ka-<br />
Cinskia, im dReebis soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />
gansaxiereba. ukanasknel wuTs yvelaferi<br />
Tvalwin <strong>da</strong>midga. es scena;<br />
polonelebis mier sul cota xnis<br />
win gancdili el<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> naRveli; ka-<br />
Cinskis foto, romelic im dReebSi<br />
nanax aTas sxva suraTs Soris<br />
mexsierebaSi CamrCa, <strong>da</strong> romelzec<br />
kaCinski polonuri droSis winaSe<br />
muxlebze dgas. suraTi RamiTaa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli, rac atmosferos in-<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Canawerebi<br />
mxolod am movleni<strong>da</strong>n didi xnis<br />
Semdeg <strong>da</strong>brun<strong>da</strong> abstraqcia TeatrSi.<br />
1944 weli, krakovi. Teatri<br />
nangrevebad iqca. abstraqtuli<br />
xelovneba poloneTSi mxolod<br />
omamde arsebob<strong>da</strong>. ebraelTa genocidis<br />
Semdeg igi gaqra. gasagebia,<br />
rom aseT viTarebaSi abstraqtuli<br />
xelovnebis idea kvdeba,<br />
radgan is sisastikis msxverplia.<br />
omis Semdgomi realoba bevrad<br />
ufro saSinelia, xolo xelovnebis<br />
idealizaciis mcdeloba umweo<br />
<strong>da</strong> ususuri.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis simxecem gamoricxa<br />
xelovneba <strong>da</strong>, rac pirvelad moxv<strong>da</strong><br />
xelSi, swored is aqcia xelovnebis<br />
iaraRad. amitom codva,<br />
SurisZieba Tu <strong>da</strong>naSauli moralis<br />
kategorii<strong>da</strong>n xelovnebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> Tavad Seqmna axali, socialuri<br />
ena; miT umetes, agresiuli<br />
saSualebebiT aRbeWdil droSi.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani sinamdvileSi carieli <strong>da</strong><br />
ufunqcio gax<strong>da</strong>, rogorc oTxTvalas<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebuli mexuTe borbali.<br />
an yovlad usargeblo, brWyviala<br />
nivTi omis dros, roca yvelas<br />
puri enatreba.<br />
`odisevsis <strong>da</strong>brunebaSi~ penelope<br />
mudmivad samzareuloSia, skamze<br />
zis. misTvis principulia swored<br />
`adgilze jdoma~, anu es qmedeba<br />
misi upirvelesi a<strong>da</strong>mianuri movaleobaa.<br />
amdenad penelopes skamma<br />
scenuri dekoraciis mniSvneloba<br />
<strong>da</strong>karga <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>tvirTva SeiZina.<br />
igi msaxiobis metoqe gax<strong>da</strong>. magram<br />
ukve Teatrisa <strong>da</strong> reJisoris amocanaa,<br />
rogor ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos a<strong>da</strong>mianebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sagnebis konfliqti.<br />
ferfli <strong>da</strong> almasi<br />
meoce saukunis polonuri Teatraluri<br />
reJisura pirobiTad<br />
or mimarTulebad iyofa. pirveli<br />
_ reJisorebi, romelTa interesi<br />
mimarTulia a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sinagani samyarosken.<br />
filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri<br />
Tu religiuri problemebisadmi,<br />
anu `introspeqtiuli<br />
reJisura~ (anjei vai<strong>da</strong>, eJi groto-<br />
vski, konrad Svinarski) <strong>da</strong> meore _<br />
reJisorebi, romelTac ufro gare<br />
samyaro <strong>da</strong> forma ainteresebT.<br />
kritikosebi am ukanasknelT<br />
`permanentul avangardistebs~<br />
uwodeben (a<strong>da</strong>m xanuSkeviCi, TadeuS<br />
kantori, iozef Saina), romelTa<br />
Semoqmedebam didi gavlena<br />
moaxdina Tanamedrove mxatvrobasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> performansis ganviTarebaze.<br />
gasagebia, rom nebismieri<br />
<strong>da</strong>yofa pirobiTia, magram `avangardistebSi”<br />
kantoris rols <strong>da</strong><br />
mniSvnelobas misi yvelaze didi<br />
kritikosebic ki ver uaryofen.<br />
albaT imitom, rom mis SemoqmedebaSi<br />
gamokveTilad igrZnoba<br />
piesis teqstisa <strong>da</strong> scenuri moqmedebis<br />
gancalkevebisa <strong>da</strong> sagnebis<br />
qmedebad gar<strong>da</strong>saxvis gansacvifrebeli<br />
unari <strong>da</strong> xarisxi.<br />
kantorma SeZlo, rom msaxiobi<br />
xan ilustratorad, xan sagnad<br />
<strong>da</strong> xanac `moTamaSe~ manekenad<br />
eqcia, magram ise, rom misTvis<br />
profesionaluri Seuracxyofa<br />
ar mieyenebina. misi Teatraluri<br />
azrovneba <strong>da</strong> speqtaklis forma<br />
uaryofs aqtioris gar<strong>da</strong>saxvas,<br />
niWs. ase vTqvaT, `TamaSis xelovnebas~.<br />
kantorma Teatrs sagangebod<br />
gamoacala stanislavskisTvis<br />
aucilebeli iaraRi _ gar<strong>da</strong>saxva.<br />
msaxiobis pirovnulma neitralizaciam<br />
ki poloneli reJisori<br />
Teatraluri enis revoluciur<br />
cvlilebamde miiyvana. swored<br />
amitom uwodeb<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze<br />
sakuTar Teatrs xan `nulovan<br />
Teatrs~, xan `sagnisa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis~<br />
Teatrs, vidre Semoqmedebis<br />
bolos ar mivi<strong>da</strong> `mkv<strong>da</strong>r Teatramde~.<br />
xolo am rTul wertilamde<br />
misaRwevad mas `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~<br />
gakveTili <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Segnebulad movitoveT finalisTvis<br />
kantoris yvelaze didi<br />
speqtaklebi <strong>da</strong> misi Semoqmedebis<br />
umniSvnelovani periodi, 70-80iani<br />
wlebi. kantori Txzavs warmodgenebs<br />
ucnaur personaJebze;<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebze, romlebic didi xnis<br />
win gar<strong>da</strong>icvalnen, magram reJi-<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
soris fantaziam isini mkrTalad<br />
ganaTebul scenaze cocxlad <strong>da</strong>abruna.<br />
es cikli xuT speqtakls<br />
moicavs: `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~ (1975),<br />
`velopole, velopole~ (1980),<br />
`<strong>da</strong>e, gaiqcnen msaxiobebi~ (1985),<br />
`me aq arasdros <strong>da</strong>vbrundebi~<br />
(1988), `dRes Cemi <strong>da</strong>badebis dRea~<br />
(1990). am ukanaskneli speqtaklis<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgma reJisorma ver SeZlo. igi<br />
avadmyofob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> repeticiebis<br />
dros gar<strong>da</strong>icvala.<br />
yvela am speqtakls erTi Tema<br />
_ sikvdili aerTianebs <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />
es cvlis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />
mayureblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n. Tumca reJisorisTvis<br />
es `personaluri aRsarebaa~<br />
(misi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT),<br />
romelsac xSirad mis mimarT personaJebi<br />
ver `imeteben~. isini ganuwyvetliv<br />
sadRac garbian, sadRac<br />
eCqarebaT... <strong>da</strong> sabolood erT mocucqnul<br />
saklaso oTaxSi amoyofen<br />
Tavs, sa<strong>da</strong>c grZel, nacrisfer<br />
merxebze Camwkrivdebian. sakuTar<br />
manekenebTan erTad sikvdilis Sesagebeblad<br />
Tu gasabrazeblad valsis<br />
ritms <strong>da</strong>elodebian. swored es<br />
aris `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ mTavari Tema<br />
_ mosalodnel sikvdilTan Sexvedra.<br />
oRond reJisori gvafrTxilebs,<br />
rom personaJebma sakuTari<br />
bediswera ukve ician... albaT, rogorc<br />
10 aprils, 15 wuTiT adre,<br />
`tu-135~-is Camovardnamde. <strong>da</strong> am<br />
dros Zveli polonuri gamoTqmebi,<br />
SemTxveviTi bibliuri frazebi,<br />
usistemo laTinizmebi, tangos<br />
fragmentebi, samxedro marSebi <strong>da</strong><br />
sasacilo sabavSvo leqsebi _ yvelaferi<br />
is, rac JRers speqtaklSi,<br />
gansacvifrebel <strong>da</strong> winaswarmetyvelur<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvas iZens!<br />
amitomac pan TadeuS kantors<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvianebiT vuxdiT madlobas im<br />
Semzaravi simarTlisaTvis, rasTanac<br />
misi `sikvdilis Teatri~ gvaaxloebs.<br />
xolo roca Teatrs aseTi<br />
kultura aqvs, aseTi TviTrefleqsiis<br />
<strong>da</strong> tragikuli ironiis unari,<br />
es niSnavs, rom qveyana yvelafers<br />
gauZlebs <strong>da</strong> icocxlebs.<br />
es niSnavs Jeszcze Polska nie zginela!<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 93
gagrZeleba<br />
Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi<br />
om faSisturi memkvidreoba uamrav<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mians amosvlo<strong>da</strong> yelSi. amas wer<strong>da</strong><br />
giunter valrafi. amas wer<strong>da</strong><br />
hainrix bioli. 1978 wlis oqtomber-<br />
Si bremenSi ufrosklaselTa 40-aTasiani<br />
demonstracia skandireb<strong>da</strong>:<br />
`RAF marTalia, Tqven faSistebi<br />
xarT~.<br />
<strong>da</strong> am dros gairkva, rom ganaCenis<br />
molodinSi saknebSi msxdomma<br />
wiTeli armiis fraqciis meTaurebma<br />
Tavi moikles. sxvaTa Soris, Zalian<br />
sainteresod:<br />
Stamhaimis cixeSi patimrebi<br />
`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri derefnebis~ sistema-<br />
Si isxdnen, anu TiTo derefanSi _<br />
TiTo patimari TiTo sakanSi. yovel<br />
or kviraSi erTxel saknebs cvlidnen.<br />
es cixe betoniTaa nagebi, xazgasmiT<br />
weren: `gansakuTrebiT mtkice<br />
betoniT~. patimrebs ki, nu ityvi,<br />
kedlebSi samalavebi gauTxriaT <strong>da</strong><br />
Sig saocari nivTebi <strong>da</strong>umalavT _<br />
iaraRi, asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis<br />
maragi, radiomimRebebi. es ise,<br />
sxvaTa Soris iTqva. mTavaria, rom<br />
cacia baaderma marjvena xeliT<br />
sakuTar kefaSi isrola. gudrun<br />
enslinma Werze, kauWze Camoixr-<br />
Co Tavi, oRond iq rogor aZvra <strong>da</strong><br />
eleqtrogayvanilobis mavTuli sai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
moitana _ gaugebaria. sruliad<br />
cariel sakanSi CamoixrCo Tavi ulrike<br />
mainhofmac.<br />
ase amboben.<br />
ulrike mainhofis werili mkv<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
derefni<strong>da</strong>n,16.6.72-<strong>da</strong>n 9.2.73-mde:<br />
SegrZneba, rom Tavi feTqdeba (SegrZneba,<br />
rom Tavis qala un<strong>da</strong> gaskdes);<br />
SegrZneba, rom zurgis tvins Tavis<br />
tvinSi tenian;<br />
SegrZneba, rom tvini Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan iWmuWneba,<br />
Semwvari xiliviT;<br />
SegrZneba, rom gamudmebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
SeumCnevlad Zabvis qveS xar, gairiye;<br />
SegrZneba, rom asociaciebi CamogaCexes;<br />
SegrZneba, rom suls gamoafsam,<br />
wylebs Rvri;<br />
SegrZneba, rom sakani midis. iRvi-<br />
Zeb, Tvals axel: sakani midis, naSuadRevs,<br />
roca mze adgeba, Cerdeba.<br />
ver xvdebi, sicxisgan kankaleb Tu<br />
sicivisgan,<br />
ver xvdebi, ratom kankaleb,<br />
iyinebi;<br />
Cveulebriv xmaze salaparakod<br />
ise iZabebi, rogorc xmamaRla TqmisTvis,<br />
lamis RrialisTvis;<br />
SegrZneba, rom munjdebi,<br />
sityvebis mniSvnelobebs veRar<br />
xvdebi, mxolod gumaniT grZnob,<br />
SiSina bgerebis warmoTqma sruliad<br />
autanelia,<br />
yaraulebi, mnaxvelebi, ezo Ti-<br />
Tqos celuloidisaa;<br />
Tavis tkivili;<br />
Gaelvebebi;<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debis wyoba, gramatika, sintaqsi<br />
_ veRar akontroleb. weris<br />
dros: ori xazi _ meore xazis bolos<br />
pirvelis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi ar gaxsovs;<br />
SegrZneba, rom Signi<strong>da</strong>n gamoiwvi;<br />
SegrZneba, rom Tu ityvi, ra xdeba,<br />
Tu amas amouSveb, igivea, rac sxvas<br />
saxeSi mduRare Seasxa, vTqvaT, manqanaSi<br />
aduRebuli wyali, romelic<br />
samu<strong>da</strong>mod <strong>da</strong>mduRravs, <strong>da</strong>asaxi-<br />
Crebs;<br />
TavaSvebuli agresia, romelsac<br />
onkans ver mouWer. es yvelaze<br />
cudia. naTlad gacnobiereba, rom<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>rCenis Sansi ara gaqvs; sruli<br />
gaugebroba amis garkvevisas; mnaxvelebi<br />
arafers toveben. naxevari<br />
saaTis mere meqanikurad Tu aRidgen,<br />
dRes ginaxules Tu gasul kviraSi;<br />
samagierod, kviraSi erTxel banaoba<br />
niSnavs wamiT amoyvinTvas, <strong>da</strong>svenebas<br />
_ erT-or saaTs gastans;<br />
SegrZneba, rom dro <strong>da</strong> sivrce ga<strong>da</strong>ixlarTa;<br />
SegrZneba, rom mrude sarkeebis<br />
oTaxSi xar;<br />
barbaceb;<br />
mere: saSineli eiforia, rom ra-<br />
Rac gesmis, dRe-Rames smeniT ganasxvaveb;<br />
SegrZneba, rom axla dro miedineba,<br />
rom tvini kvlav Seivseba, zurgis<br />
tvini Tavis adgils <strong>da</strong>ubrundeba _<br />
ramdenime kviriT;<br />
SegrZneba, rom gatyaveben.<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
bneli ambavia.<br />
RAF-is advokatma xelisufalni<br />
mkvlelobaSi <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>naSaula _<br />
<strong>da</strong> umalve terorizmis braldebiT<br />
gaasamarTles. hainrix biolma moi-<br />
Txova, rom es burusiT moculi<br />
TviTmkvlelobebi safuZvlianad<br />
gamoekvliaT _ misi Svili teroristebTan<br />
TanamSromlobis braldebiT<br />
gaCxrikes. magram es calke ambebia:<br />
`germanuli Semodgoma~, RAF-is meore<br />
<strong>da</strong> mesame Taobebi, mowinaaRmdegeebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi. es sxva ambebia,<br />
Tan sruliad gaugebari.<br />
albaT mravali a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis isic<br />
gaugebaria, Tu ratom miasveneb<strong>da</strong><br />
teroristi <strong>da</strong> mkvleli ulrike<br />
mainhofis cxe<strong>da</strong>rs oTxi aTasi a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />
me mesmis, oRond ver vxsni.<br />
CemTvis is ufro gaugebaria, rom<br />
yovelTvis, roca rame cerad midis,<br />
mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc ulrike mainhofi maxsendeba.<br />
sul ar mainteresebs xolme,<br />
rogori kacebi imsaxurebdnen mis<br />
keTilganwyobas an marTla xvret<strong>da</strong><br />
Tu ara vinmes _ mainc ver gavigeb.<br />
ubralod, masze vfiqrob. albaT<br />
cota mSurs.<br />
albaT mSurs, rom me verasdros<br />
<strong>da</strong>vwere is <strong>da</strong> ise, rogorc man <strong>da</strong>wera.<br />
giJuri teqstebi, romlebmac<br />
qveyana SeZra <strong>da</strong> dResac aqtualurad<br />
<strong>da</strong>tova, vaglax, uTargmneli<br />
SeZaxili: !<br />
<strong>da</strong> bolos:<br />
`aq iyaviT! mgoni, mTelma cixem<br />
gaixara, yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ase<br />
vfiqrob. axlaxan, oqtomberSi cixis<br />
Tavze feradi drakonebi <strong>da</strong>frinavdnen,<br />
franebi. ese igi, sadRac bavSvebic<br />
iyvnen, maTi amfrenebi. maRla,<br />
maRla frendnen wiTlebi <strong>da</strong> mwvaneebi.<br />
Zalian kargi iyo~...<br />
es ulrikem Tavis tyup qaliSvilebs<br />
miswera, roca cixeSi maTi<br />
naxvis ufleba pirvelad <strong>da</strong>rTes.<br />
manamde es Svilebi teroristebis<br />
banakSi hyav<strong>da</strong> gagzavnili, SemTxveviT<br />
gaumarTlaT <strong>da</strong> gzaSi <strong>da</strong>akaves.<br />
`Znelia... Zalian Znelia... uaRresad<br />
Znelia~...<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 95
gagrZeleba<br />
interviu erik trufazTan<br />
`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
debul siuJets yovelTvis naxulobs<br />
gamocdili mTavari re<strong>da</strong>qtori,<br />
romelic adre `frans televiziaSi~<br />
muSaob<strong>da</strong>. Tu Jurnalists raime<br />
gaepara an Secdoma <strong>da</strong>uSva, gamoricxulia<br />
mTavarma re<strong>da</strong>qtorma is<br />
siuJeti Casworebis gareSe eTerSi<br />
gauSvas. Tuki gansakuTrebulad mikerZoebuli<br />
siuJeti gaakeTa Jurnalistma,<br />
romelsac auxsni <strong>da</strong> mainc<br />
ver gaigebs an uarzea, rame Secvalos,<br />
erTaderTi `<strong>da</strong>sjis~ forma<br />
is aris, rom siuJeti eTerSi ar<br />
gava. CvenTan aseTi ram arasdros<br />
momx<strong>da</strong>ra. vTqvaT, romelime Jurnalistma<br />
Tqva, rom sarkozi aris<br />
pedofili an faSisti _ ra Tqma<br />
un<strong>da</strong>, aseT siuJets eTerSi aravin<br />
gauSvebs, mxolod imitom, rom es<br />
simarTle ar aris.<br />
Cveni mravalerovani qveynisTvis<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebis, seqsualuri<br />
Tu religiuri umciresobebis uflebebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebi<br />
Zalze mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> mtkivneulia.<br />
evropisTvis ramdenad mniSvnelovania<br />
es problemebi <strong>da</strong> ra iTvleba<br />
diskriminaciad safrangeTSi?<br />
vidre kiTxvas vupasuxebde, getyviT,<br />
rom safrangeTi aris respublika,<br />
kanonis winaSe yvela Tanabaria<br />
<strong>da</strong> gansxvavebebi ar arsebobs,<br />
aseve ar arsebobs eTnikuri umciresoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, arc termini.<br />
am mxriv Tqvengan gansxvavebulebi<br />
varT, radgan Tqven ga<strong>da</strong>cemebic ki<br />
gaqvT eTnikuri umciresobebis enebze.<br />
CvenTan, magaliTad, korsikaSi,<br />
maT enaze gadis ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, magram<br />
sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze msgavsi<br />
ram ar xdeba. rac Seexeba diskriminacias,<br />
is arsebobs mxolod gareubnebSi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d CrdiloeT<br />
afriki<strong>da</strong>n Camosuli emigrantebi<br />
cxovroben. isini amboben, rom ar<br />
aqvT samsaxuri, arian umuSevrebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>, sxvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, mZime pirobebSi<br />
uwevT arseboba; marTlac,<br />
maTi sacxovrebeli bevrad uaresad<br />
gamoiyureba, vidre sxva adgilebi.<br />
amboben, rom xeli ar miuwvdebaT<br />
ganaTlebaze. safrangeTSi marTlac<br />
98 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
problemaa gareubnebi<strong>da</strong>n gamosuli<br />
axalgazrdebis sazogadoebaSi integrireba.<br />
diskriminaciis sakiTxi<br />
bevrad ufro rTulia <strong>da</strong> politikas<br />
ganekuTvneba, magram televizias<br />
rac Seexeba, Cven ramdenime<br />
pirovneba TanamSromlad aviyvaneT<br />
I, II, III Taobis emigracii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> isini<br />
dRemde CvenTan muSaoben. gar<strong>da</strong><br />
amisa, vamzadebT ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs gareubnebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamosul axalgazrdebze,<br />
maT problemebsa <strong>da</strong> warmatebebze<br />
saubrebiT vaCvenebT sazogadoebas,<br />
rogor SeuZliaT miaRwion imas,<br />
rac surT, Tuki iswavlian <strong>da</strong> iSromeben.<br />
safrangeTSi kanoni krZalavs<br />
<strong>da</strong> mkacrad sjis yovelgvari tipis<br />
diskriminacias, iqneba es rasobrivi,<br />
religiuri Tu seqsualuri.<br />
roca konkretuli faqtebi xdeba,<br />
amaze sainformacio gamoSvebebSi<br />
vsaubrobT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, vTanamSromlobT<br />
diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg<br />
mebrZol organizaciasTan <strong>da</strong><br />
erTad vapirebT axali proeqtis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebas, romlis saSualebiTac sazogadoebas<br />
gavacnobT, rogor Seu-<br />
Zlia Tavis <strong>da</strong>cva diskriminaciuli<br />
qmedebebisagan. yvelaze xSiri mainc<br />
rasobrivi diskriminaciis SemTxvevebia<br />
_ zogi Civis, rom samsaxurSi<br />
ar aiyvanes imis gamo, rom zangia<br />
an afrikuli warmoSobis, sxvebs<br />
diskoTekaze ar uSveben _ ufro<br />
aseTi tipis diskriminaciis faqtebia.<br />
am bolo dros Zalze Semcir<strong>da</strong><br />
seqsualuri umciresobebis diskriminaciis<br />
SemTxvevebi. gareubnebis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, es TiTqmis aRarsad xdeba.<br />
rogorc kvlevebi aCvenebs, frangi<br />
sazogadoeba Zalze tolerantuli<br />
gax<strong>da</strong> seqsualuri umciresobebis<br />
mimarT, sakmao tolerantobaa religiuri<br />
umciresobebis mimarTac<br />
_ 1905 wels miRebuli kanonis Tanaxmad,<br />
yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs sruli<br />
ufleba, iyos an ar iyos morwmune;<br />
rogorc yvelafers, am sakiTxsac<br />
kanoni agvarebs. garkveuli problema<br />
maSin warmoiSoba, roca religia<br />
ereva saxelmwifo saqmeebSi.<br />
vTqvaT, muslimebi TavianT gogonebs<br />
ukrZalaven biWebTan erTad<br />
auzze wasvlas, rac ukve kanonis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevaa, imitom, rom skolaSi<br />
aris erTi auzi <strong>da</strong> aseTi akrZalva<br />
kanons arRvevs. asevea religiuri<br />
ritualebis Catareba, romelic kanons<br />
ar Seesabameba. sul muslimebze<br />
saubari gamomdis, magram igive<br />
kaTolikebi rom aviRoT, aseve kanonis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevaa, roca maT sastiki<br />
gamosvlebi aqvT abortis akrZalvasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. garkveuli<br />
problemebia religiursa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo<br />
kanonebs Soris _ am Temebze<br />
televiziaSi xSirad vawyobT debatebs,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c politikosebs <strong>da</strong> ama<br />
Tu im religiis warmomadgenlebs<br />
viwvevT.<br />
Jurnalists ramdenad SeuZlia gamoxatos<br />
pozicia seqsualur <strong>da</strong> religiur<br />
problematikasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>eTanxmos romelime mxares<br />
an uaryos maTi azri.<br />
visac ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi viwvevT, maT<br />
SeuZliaT sakuTari azris gamoxatva.<br />
Cvenma Jurnalistebma ki orive<br />
mxaris poziciebi un<strong>da</strong> warmoadginon<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tu raime politikuri<br />
konsensusi iqna miRweuli, esec<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aCvenon. magaliTad, erovnul<br />
asambleaSi miRweuli iyo erTgvari<br />
konsensusi Tavsaburavis tarebas-<br />
Tan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT _ saerTod ki ar<br />
avkrZaloT, aramed vareguliroT<br />
<strong>da</strong>, vTqvaT, sazogadoebrivi Tav-<br />
Seyris adgilebSi aikrZalos. arsebobs<br />
sxva Sexedulebac, romlis<br />
mixedviTac, absoluturad yvelgan<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aikrZalos, rac a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
uflebebs ewinaaRmdegeba.<br />
ramdenad icnobT postsabWoTa medias<br />
<strong>da</strong> hgavs Tu ara ganviTarebadi<br />
qveynebi erTmaneTs Jurnalistikis<br />
problematikis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d iseT qveynebSi vmuSaobdi,<br />
romlebic teritoriulad<br />
safrangeTs ganekuTvnebian. isini<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblebi ar arian <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT sakmaod<br />
axlos arian safrangeTTan. polineziis<br />
televiziis Seqmna rom <strong>da</strong>viwyeT,<br />
maSinve ultraTanamedro-
ve, cifruli aparatura SeiZines.<br />
Tqvengan gansxvavebiT, maTTvis es<br />
problema ar yofila. `meore arxis~<br />
teqnikurma direqtorma miTxra, rom<br />
dResac 18 wlis kamerebiT muSaoben.<br />
sabWoTa <strong>da</strong> postsabWoTa medias<br />
kargad ar vicnob, magram rusul<br />
mediaze maqvs warmodgena, romelic<br />
Sors ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos sinamdvili<strong>da</strong>n<br />
_ rusuli media xelisuflebisgan<br />
kontroldeba.<br />
saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv<br />
mauwyebels vurCevdi, mayureblis<br />
ndobis mopovebis mizniT, metad<br />
warmoaCinos sakuTari <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba.<br />
es kargi iqneba Tavad<br />
politikosebisTvisac, romlebic<br />
sazogadoebrivi arxisadmi Tavisuflebis<br />
miniWebiT amave sazogadoebis<br />
ndobas moipoveben. aseve<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mixvdnen, rom `meore arxis~<br />
srulyofili muSaobisaTvis aucilebelia<br />
teqnikuri saSualebebis<br />
SeZena. roca arxi srulfasovani<br />
gaxdeba, mayureblis ndoba erTiorad<br />
gaizrdeba.<br />
brZaneT, rom 10 wlis win Tqvens<br />
arxs garkveuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri muSaoba<br />
moux<strong>da</strong> politikosebTan <strong>da</strong> `me-<br />
ore arxisTvisac~ es samuSao gegmis<br />
nawili un<strong>da</strong> iyos. roca politikosebs<br />
monopolizebuli aqvT eTeri,<br />
SesaZloa Tu ara, saboloo jamSi Tavisken<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Zalon televizia?<br />
Cven pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri moRvaweoba<br />
gavwieT ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d teqnikur saki-<br />
TxebTan mimarTebaSi _ vTqvaT,<br />
parlamentis sxdoma <strong>da</strong>wyebuliyo<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuliyo SeTanxmebul<br />
dros. roca moundebo<strong>da</strong>T, maSin ar<br />
gamoecxadebinaT an gaewelaT Sesveneba,<br />
radgan es angrev<strong>da</strong> programebis<br />
bades. nel-nela SevamCnieT,<br />
rom politikosebis qceva Seicvala,<br />
isini cdilobdnen, ukeTesad<br />
warmoCeniliyvnen erovnul asambleaSi,<br />
radgan yvelaferi eTerSi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>icemo<strong>da</strong>. rac Seexeba Tqvens<br />
politikosebs, pirvel rigSi un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaacnobieron, rom maTi mizanic<br />
aris mayureblis mizidva, risTvisac<br />
<strong>da</strong>usrulebeli monologebi<br />
namdvilad ar gamoadgebaT. sauke-<br />
Teso saSualebaa, Tu arxze iqneba<br />
namdvili debatebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mowveuli<br />
iqnebian umravlesobis <strong>da</strong> opoziciis<br />
warmomadgenlebi <strong>da</strong> gaimarTeba<br />
namdvili diskusia, xolo iseTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>usrulebeli monologebi, rac<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
`Tavisufal tribunaSi~ vixile, namdvilad<br />
ar uwyobs xels imas, rom<br />
politikosebs hyavdeT mayurebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, romelSic isini monawileoben,<br />
saintereso gamovides.<br />
ramdenad SesaZlebelia arsebul<br />
politikur garemoSi `meore arxs~<br />
hqondes ganviTarebis perspeqtiva?<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, rom jgufs,<br />
romelmac wamoiwyo `meore arxis~<br />
Camoyalibebis procesi, yvelanairi<br />
saSualeba <strong>da</strong> monacemi aqvs imisa-<br />
Tvis, rom bolomde miiyvanos <strong>da</strong>wyebuli<br />
gegma. maT kargad esmiT<br />
miznebic <strong>da</strong> is winaaRmdegobebic,<br />
rac SeiZleba SexvdeT. Cven erToblivad<br />
vimuSaveT samauwyeblo badeze,<br />
programirebasa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianur<br />
resursTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul sakiTxebze.<br />
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis<br />
saSualebebiT Tu vimsjelebT, rogorc<br />
teqnikuri, aseve a<strong>da</strong>mianuri,<br />
`meore arxis~ ganxorcieleba absoluturad<br />
realuri <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebelia.<br />
mjera am arxis momavlis <strong>da</strong><br />
imedi maqvs, rom amas arxis xelmZRvanelobac<br />
<strong>da</strong> politikosebic mixvdebian<br />
<strong>da</strong> erToblivad imuSaveben<br />
am mimarTulebiT.<br />
ringze<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
arnold kemps<br />
18 dekemberi, 1964<br />
Zvirfaso arnold,<br />
...rogori ucnauric un<strong>da</strong> iyos,<br />
roca sartrma nobelis premia miiRo,<br />
am ambavs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairad<br />
SevxedeT. Cemi azriT, mas uari<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> eTqva, radgan burJuazias<br />
is ufro metad amwarebs,<br />
roca mis winaaRmdeg mebrZolebi<br />
did premiebs iReben. magaliTad,<br />
bolo wlebSi Jurnali `laifi~<br />
Jan-pol sartrs erTTavad `usasoobis<br />
mociqulad~ moixsenieb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
axla ki moulodnelad es usasoobis<br />
mociquli nobelis premiis<br />
laureati gax<strong>da</strong>. ase maT bevrad<br />
ufro gauZneldebaT xalxis gasuleleba.<br />
mjera, rom jildoebze<br />
uari ar un<strong>da</strong> Tqva, radgan Tu<br />
sworad gamoiyeneb, isini bevr rameSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>gexmareba. erT dRes marTlac<br />
raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />
rom moxdes <strong>da</strong> amaze `niu-iork<br />
taimsSi~ werilis gamoqveyneba<br />
mogindes, ai, magari, mware werilis,<br />
amisTvis ufro meti berketi<br />
geqneba...<br />
saukeTeso survilebiT,<br />
normani<br />
marvin gorsons<br />
11 aprili, 1968<br />
Zvirfaso marvin,<br />
...ar mgonia, Tqvens Zvirfas mowvevas<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmde <strong>da</strong> mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavisuflebis partiis iniciativiT<br />
mowveuli filosofosi gavxde. amisaTvis<br />
ori mizezi maqvs. naTlad ver<br />
vxe<strong>da</strong>v, romel politikur poziciasTan<br />
ufro axlos var. iqneb iciT,<br />
an sulac ar iciT, rom memarcxene<br />
konservatori var, rac Tavisebur<br />
winaaRmdegobebs gulisxmobs: erTi<br />
mxriv, urbanul rekonstruqcias-<br />
Tan <strong>da</strong>pirispirebas, meore mxriv ki,<br />
marixuanas legalizebis sakiTxSi<br />
TavSekavebas. Tumca me SeiZleba mxari<br />
<strong>da</strong>vuWiro marixuanas legalizebas.<br />
diax, SeiZleba asec moviqce,<br />
Tu policia xalxis gawamebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
uazro <strong>da</strong>patimrebebs ar Sewyvets.<br />
am dros mirCevnia, rom misi mox-<br />
100 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
mareba kanoniT neba<strong>da</strong>rTuli ar<br />
iyos, radgan ase sul sxva gemos<br />
atan mowevas, Tan korporaciebic<br />
ver axerxeben, rom hidrofonurad<br />
gamoyvanili, sayovelTaod naqebi,<br />
filtriani marixuana vitaminebiT<br />
gaajeron; rom aRaraferi vTqvaT<br />
im fsiqodeliur reklamebze, romlebsac<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n avicilebT. gar<strong>da</strong><br />
amisa, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli ar var, rom<br />
makkarti <strong>da</strong> kenedi arafriT gansxvavdebian<br />
hamfrisgan, romelmac,<br />
sxva Tu araferi, pasuxi un<strong>da</strong> agos<br />
vietnamis omis gamo. ioli saTqmelia,<br />
rom kenedisa <strong>da</strong> jonsons Soris<br />
gansxvaveba ar aris _ am azrs<br />
sulac ar viziareb. mniSvneloba<br />
ara aqvs, kenedis TavSi ra utrialebs,<br />
radgan mainc sruliad gansxvavebul<br />
qveyanas miiReb, roca<br />
prezidenti is kaci xdeba, visac<br />
misnairi varcxniloba aqvs...<br />
pativiscemiT,<br />
normani<br />
alen ginzbergs<br />
9 dekemberi, 1969<br />
Zvirfaso alen,<br />
...min<strong>da</strong>, ubralod, Seni saxlis<br />
binadrebi movikiTxo <strong>da</strong> warmateba<br />
gisurvo ekologiurad sufTa<br />
produqtis moyvanaSi.<br />
gulwrfeli mokiTxviT,<br />
normani<br />
P.S. xSirad mTxoven xolme, imaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>vwero, Tu rogor warmomidgenia<br />
70-iani wlebi. ara<strong>da</strong>, umciresi<br />
warmodgenac ki ar maqvs. Cven <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulebi<br />
viyaviT, rom vicodiT,<br />
ra moxdebo<strong>da</strong> 60-ianebSi, <strong>da</strong> magra<strong>da</strong>c<br />
vcdebodiT. 70-ianebi Cems<br />
TvalSi mxolod Tavzar<strong>da</strong>mcemi<br />
TeTri laqaa. imedi maqvs, es ufro<br />
asakis bralia, vidre winaTgrZnobis.<br />
Sobas gilocav, poeto.<br />
riCard stretons<br />
ianvris <strong>da</strong>sawyisi, 1987<br />
Zvirfaso rik,<br />
...me <strong>da</strong> norisi moskovSi migviwvies,<br />
konferenciaze, romelic<br />
gorbaCovma moawyo. rik, <strong>da</strong>ujereb-<br />
el rames getyvi: iq namdvilad<br />
raRac xdeba. is qveyana <strong>da</strong>Tvs magonebs<br />
_ beber, sqel, ayrolebul,<br />
mravalgan <strong>da</strong>Wril, sakuTar qaqSi<br />
amosvril cxovels, romlis TvalebSic<br />
mxolod imas amoikiTxav,<br />
rom isev cirkSi <strong>da</strong>bruneba un<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mas surs, gawvrTnili <strong>da</strong>Tvi iyos<br />
<strong>da</strong> mayureblebis taSi <strong>da</strong>imsaxuros,<br />
yvela sxva cxovelma ki pativi<br />
sces. ucnaur rameebs vambob,<br />
magram ruseTze fiqri im droi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
amekviata, rac `SiSvlebi <strong>da</strong> mkvdrebi~<br />
<strong>da</strong>vwere. Cems TaobaSi Zalian<br />
bevri CemsaviT fiqrob<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
rusebma didebulad iomes meore<br />
msoflio omSi. isini pativs scemdnen<br />
maT jarsa <strong>da</strong> TiToeul jariskacs<br />
imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c es<br />
rigiT amerikel jariskacs SeeZlo,<br />
afasebdnen omis dros rusebis mier<br />
gaRebul msxverpls. mere ki civi<br />
omi gaCaR<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> yvelaferi Tav<strong>da</strong>yira<br />
<strong>da</strong>dga. amis Semdeg aRaravis<br />
vendobi, maT Soris _ arc rusebs,<br />
radgan mivxvdi, rom leninma<br />
moumza<strong>da</strong> safuZveli stalinizmsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> im saSinelebebs, rac iq trialebs.<br />
rusebsa <strong>da</strong> amerikelebs Soris<br />
erTi umTavresi gansxvavebaa:<br />
amerikaSi Cveni <strong>da</strong>naSauli cxvirwin<br />
gvidevs, magram mas arafrad vagdebT.<br />
amaSi teqnikis ganviTareba,<br />
TiToeuli ultramoduri nabiji<br />
gvexmareba. Cven fsiqoanalizi<br />
Cagvitares, trankvilizatorebi<br />
gvaylapes, robotebad gvaqcies,<br />
`nuvel kuizinis~ saocrebebs gvaziares,<br />
karieristebi gagvxades _<br />
SiSic <strong>da</strong> udidesi <strong>da</strong>naSaulic aqve,<br />
xelis gawvdenazea, magram maTgan<br />
Tavis <strong>da</strong>Rwevas vaxerxebT. ai, rusebi<br />
ki ver axerxeben. maT sakuTari<br />
<strong>da</strong>naSauli bolos uRebT. Zalian<br />
cota rusi <strong>da</strong>dis sufTa sindisiT<br />
_ es qveyana xom 30 wlis manZilze<br />
aiZuleb<strong>da</strong> TiToeul a<strong>da</strong>mians, rom<br />
megobrebisTvis zurgi eqcia (albaT<br />
yvelasTvis mainc ara) <strong>da</strong> ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmarebo<strong>da</strong> im axloblebs, romlebic<br />
mTavrobas TvalSi ar mosdio<strong>da</strong>.<br />
TviTon mTavrobasac mZime<br />
tvirTad awevs Tavisive usindiso-
a. Cemi azriT, rusebi gacilebiT<br />
kargad icnoben sakuTar sulebs,<br />
vidre Cven vicnobT Cvensas, radgan<br />
isini marTlac <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebi arian.<br />
ver getyvi, rogori sulisSemZvrelia,<br />
roca Tavad umaRles eSelonebSi<br />
aRiareben, rom cvlilebebi<br />
aucilebelia <strong>da</strong> qveyanas ufro<br />
humanuri mTavroba un<strong>da</strong> hyavdes.<br />
ici ra, rik, locva rom SemeZlos,<br />
zeciur Zalebs Semweobas vTxovdi<br />
im <strong>da</strong>ujerebeli saqmisTvis, rasac<br />
gorbaCovi akeTebs ruseTSi. me mas<br />
bolomde TanavugrZnob. SeiZleba<br />
yvelaferi sul iolad Caiyaros<br />
wyalSi, magram Tu ase ar mox<strong>da</strong>,<br />
Cvens qveyanas, amerikas mouwevs,<br />
xazi ga<strong>da</strong>usvas uamrav absurdul<br />
axirebas <strong>da</strong> Tvali gausworos axal<br />
ideas. Tu komunisturi qveyana demokratiuli<br />
gax<strong>da</strong>, es niSnavs, rom<br />
Cveni Tavlebic misaxedia: ra xania,<br />
nexvis suni dgas. kargi, vnaxoT, ra<br />
moxdeba.<br />
megobruli mokiTxviT,<br />
normani<br />
sel Cetranos<br />
28 marti, 1999<br />
Zvirfaso sel,<br />
...demokratebs, pirvel rigSi ki<br />
klintons, ver vitan im politikis<br />
gamo, romelsac „butikis politikas~<br />
vuwodeb _ cota es, cota is<br />
<strong>da</strong> mainc yelamde nagavSi yofna. am<br />
dros respublikelebi fsiqozur<br />
koSmarSi aRmoCndnen. erTi mxriv,<br />
maT RmerTi, droSa <strong>da</strong> ojaxi akeriaT<br />
pirze, xolo meore mxriv, Zalian<br />
cota Tu icnob<strong>da</strong> ieso qristes<br />
Tavis gverdiT, pisuarTan mdgari<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>enaxa. warmoudgenlad bevrs<br />
jarSi arasdros umsaxuria, arc<br />
tyviis zuzuni gaugonia. gar<strong>da</strong><br />
amisa, es politikosebi colebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ojaxis RalatSi aTeneben <strong>da</strong> aRameben.<br />
ho, aba, ra azri eqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
politikosobas, TvalTmaqcobiT<br />
Tavis gatanis saSualebas rom ar<br />
iZleodes? mTavari ki is aris, rom<br />
respublikelebs Sizofrenia <strong>da</strong>emarTaT:<br />
erTi mxriv, isini RmerTs,<br />
droSas <strong>da</strong> ojaxs adideben, xolo<br />
meore mxriv, kapitalizmis upirobod<br />
gavrcelebas uWeren mxars. amdenad,<br />
yuradRebis miRma rCebaT is,<br />
rac SeiZleba axlac mniSvnelovani<br />
iyos: ieso karl marqsiviT fiqrob<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom fuli yvela Rirsebas azrs<br />
ukargavs. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, asecaa. Tu<br />
mTeli qveyana viRacebma un<strong>da</strong> miisakuTron<br />
<strong>da</strong> es marTlac ase xdeba,<br />
mxolod zneobrivi degra<strong>da</strong>ciis<br />
momswre ki ar gaxdebi, aramed socialuri<br />
aqtivobisa <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
normebis Semcirebisac _ vfiqrob,<br />
am degra<strong>da</strong>cias maSinve un<strong>da</strong> elodo,<br />
rogorc ki dou jonsis indeqsi<br />
aiwevs: rac ufro maRali iqneba es<br />
indeqsi, miT ufro <strong>da</strong>bali iqneba<br />
norma. fuli yvela Rirsebas<br />
anadgurebs. respublikuri partiis<br />
memarcxene frTas pativsac ki vcem<br />
imis gamo, rom garkveul normebs<br />
icavs, Tumca is kapitalizms ar<br />
ebrZvis. umarTavi kapitalizmi ki<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis Tavs <strong>da</strong>mty<strong>da</strong>ri udidesi<br />
ubedurebaa, romelic mis Rirebulebebs<br />
acamtverebs. axla swored<br />
es xdeba. albaT iyo dro, roca<br />
komunizmi ufro did ubedurebas<br />
warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, magram dRes Cven<br />
varT liderebi. vfiqrob, TviTonac<br />
xvdebi, rom Seni arCeuli partia<br />
moralTan mimarTebaSi paralizebulia...<br />
aba, magrad, Zvelo,<br />
normani<br />
`boston gloubis~ re<strong>da</strong>qtors<br />
13 marti, 2002<br />
jorj uili wers (`boston gloubi~,<br />
12 marti): `ernest hemingueis<br />
ena rom jon ueslis enis sakazmiT<br />
SevagemoT, buSis lakonur stils<br />
miviRebT~.<br />
gasagebia, Znelad Tu moiZebneba<br />
vinme, vinc jon ueslis qa<strong>da</strong>gebebs<br />
icnobs, magram is ki vici, rom jorj<br />
buSis nawerebis xseneba hemingueis<br />
prozis gverdiT TiTqmis igivea,<br />
rac jeki siuzenisa <strong>da</strong> jein ostinis<br />
gaTanabreba. sircxvilis nasaxi<br />
aRar SerCaT am respublikel qlesebs?<br />
marTlac verafers gaxdebiT<br />
im xalxTan, visac sakuTari saqcie-<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
lis arasdros rcxvenia. jorj<br />
uilis survils, rom Roris yuri<br />
abreSumis qisad gaasaRos, mxolod<br />
msoflio donis laquci hqvia...<br />
norman meileri<br />
emerix kustrixs<br />
26 ianvari, 2005<br />
Zvirfaso imre,<br />
didi yuradReba gamoiCine, roca<br />
muxlebis arTritis Sesaxeb statia<br />
gamomigzavne. rac dro gadis,<br />
sul ufro iolad veguebi Cems<br />
mdgomareobas. ori xeljoxi mSvenier<br />
gasarTobad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva, Tu<br />
mixvdebi, ra TvaliT un<strong>da</strong> Sexedo<br />
(me xom mexerxeba aseTebi). mTeli<br />
siamovneba is aris, rom Segi-<br />
Zlia warmoidgino, TiTqos mTebSi<br />
TxilamurebiT srialeb, joxebs<br />
aqeT-iqiT usvam _ magari garTobaa.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, fexze didxans<br />
dgomac ar giwevs: yovelTvis gamoCndeba<br />
viRac, vinc Tavis skams<br />
giTmobs.<br />
„fainenSel taimsi<strong>da</strong>n~ im amonaWers<br />
vkiTxulob, Sen rom gamomigzavne.<br />
mware statiaa. ar vici, saiT<br />
miveqanebiT yvela. es saukune mZime<br />
tvirTad <strong>da</strong>gvawva mxrebze. meoce<br />
saukuneSi gveSino<strong>da</strong>, rom atomuri<br />
omi erTianad gagvacamtvereb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rac axla siurrealisturad moCans.<br />
oc<strong>da</strong>meerTe saukuneSi ki bneli azrebi<br />
imdens utrialebs TavSi, rom<br />
SeiZleba saukunis bolomdec ver<br />
mivaRwioT Cveni dRevandeli mdgomareobiT.<br />
Cems asakSi didi mniSvneloba<br />
aRarafers aqvs, magram me<br />
cxra Svili <strong>da</strong> bevri SviliSvili myavs,<br />
romlebsac arcTu saxarbielo<br />
perspeqtiva eliT.<br />
mapatie, msoflios aRsasruli<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>gixate. mgoni, Txrobam gamitaca.<br />
Tumca imis gameorebac min<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rac adre giTxari: erTmaneTs wesierad<br />
arc vicnobT <strong>da</strong> mainc Zveli<br />
megobrebiviT vsaubrobT. es iseTi<br />
sasiamovno ram aris. megobrulad<br />
mogikiTxavT Sen <strong>da</strong> gertruds _<br />
gavbe<strong>da</strong>v <strong>da</strong> vityvi: cota siyvaruliTac.<br />
normani<br />
cxeli Sokoladi 101
gagrZeleba<br />
lismanisi<br />
gagrZeleba<br />
lubas pirveli gamoCenisTanave<br />
lismanisma komentari gaakeTa, _ SexedeT,<br />
ra talantia, natalia andrei-<br />
Cenko am filmSi mxolod 27 wlisaa<br />
<strong>da</strong> am kadrSi, sul cota, ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTi<br />
wlis qals ar hgavs?<br />
maniloviCi gagiJ<strong>da</strong>. gagiJ<strong>da</strong> andreiCenkoze.<br />
ara, gulgrili arc<br />
aravin <strong>da</strong>rCenila, magram boria maniloviCi<br />
aSkarad „ga<strong>da</strong>iria“ (imave<br />
wels, andreiCenko oskarosan msaxiob<br />
<strong>da</strong> reJisor maqsimilian Sels<br />
rom gahyva colad, boriam amoioxra,<br />
_ Cems orive cols gavayolebdi maqsimilians,<br />
oRond nataSa CemTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>eTmoo). vamSvidebdiT, _ rad gin<strong>da</strong><br />
andreiCenko, ager cenzor ganiCenkos<br />
giTmobs jonio, _ magram ver wynardebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
lismanisi movi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> miTxra:<br />
_ simarTle aravis siamovnebs, simarTle<br />
rom vTqva, maniloviCi ise<strong>da</strong>c<br />
antisemitad mTvlis <strong>da</strong> axla<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir rozenbergad momnaTlavs.<br />
simarTle ki isaa, rom mag qalbatonis<br />
qmarma, maqsimilian Selma, avstrielma<br />
Tu Sveicarielma, Tu orivem erTad,<br />
1961 wels mamakacis rolis saukeTeso<br />
104 cxeli Sokoladi<br />
SesrulebisTvis oskari imitom <strong>da</strong>imsaxura,<br />
rom stenli krameris film<br />
„niurnbergis procesSi“ nacisti <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebis<br />
advokatis roli Seasrula<br />
brwyinvaled. icis es maniloviCma,<br />
icis ra ga<strong>da</strong>xrebi aqvs mis sayvarel<br />
nataSas?<br />
_ maqsimilian Seli avstriis anSlusis<br />
Semdeg SveicariaSi gaiqca, mTels<br />
mis ojaxs nacistebi ezizRebaT, misma<br />
<strong>da</strong>m mag nia<strong>da</strong>gze auria kidevac, _<br />
gamovesarCle oskarosan msaxiobs me.<br />
_ TviTon rom nacisti araa <strong>da</strong> piriqiTaa,<br />
eg ki vici, magram nacistebis<br />
advokatis rolis ostaturad<br />
Sesrulebas maniloviCi ar apatiebs.<br />
uTxari es faqti, iqneb nataSa guli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
amovagdebinoT <strong>da</strong> ojaxSi werili<br />
gavagzavninoT, _ lismanisi, rogorc<br />
„SesaniSnavi meojaxe“, marTlac mudmivad<br />
zrunav<strong>da</strong> yvela ojaxis mTlianobaze.<br />
borias rom vuTxari, _ maqsimilian<br />
Sels oskari nacistebis advokatis<br />
rolis ostaturad SesrulebisTvis<br />
miuRiao, _ gaecina <strong>da</strong> miTxra, _ xom<br />
vici, am ambavs lismanisi mogiyvebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
magis metma vin icis ase wvrilad<br />
kinos ambebi Cvens banakSio. ga<strong>da</strong>eci,<br />
boria maniloviCis saSveli ar aris,<br />
andreiCenkoze 12 leqsi aqvs <strong>da</strong>werili,<br />
maT Soris sami soneti, ori bala<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> erTi madrigali. rac Seexeba<br />
siyvaruls, namdvili Tu gamogonili<br />
faSistis xelSi Cavardnili sabralo<br />
rusis qali kidev ufro uyvars-Tqo.<br />
kinos sakmaod iSviaTi stumari var,<br />
bolo xanebSi kinoSi mxolod amerikaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>vdivar <strong>da</strong> saukeTeso adgils<br />
vikaveb, rogorc wesi, cariel kino<strong>da</strong>rbazebSi.<br />
gauTavebeli sareklamo<br />
rgolebis Semdeg filmis demonstrireba<br />
rom iwyeba, sul mgonia, rom<br />
ukni<strong>da</strong>n lismanisis mxiarul <strong>da</strong> energiul<br />
xmas gavigoneb:<br />
_ yuradRebiT SexedeT, ra operatoruli<br />
namuSevaria, mauro fiore<br />
namdvili geniosia, ukana fonze ra<br />
ferebi gaSala! sxvaTa Soris, jeims<br />
kemeroni Teqvsmeti weli muSaob<strong>da</strong><br />
„avatarze“, pirveli oTxmocgverdiani<br />
scenari 1994 wels <strong>da</strong>wera. qarTvelebo<br />
klub-sasadiloSi, im kompiuterul<br />
animatorebs Soris, romelTac<br />
es saswauli Seqmnes, qarTveli kacic<br />
eria!
literaturuli kafe `qaravani~<br />
warmogidgenT:<br />
1 ivnisi, samSabaTi, 17 saaTi<br />
Sexvedra poet vasil guleurTan<br />
literaturuli kafe `qaravani~, mis.: furcelaZis 10
misamarTi: abanos q. N 3<br />
radio „nacnobi“ gepatiJebaT<br />
klubSi „nacnobi“<br />
tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo<br />
cocxali musika
WWW.LIBERALI.GE