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istoriebi<br />

<strong>petliura</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>sxvebi</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

poloneTi<br />

qeTi qanTaria<br />

TadeuS kantori<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />

ulrike mainhofi<br />

ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />

interviuebi<br />

erik trufazi<br />

kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va<br />

erik monio<br />

qeTevan sadRobelaSvili<br />

komentarebi<br />

37<br />

gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni<br />

tendenciuri gmirebis aRlumi<br />

basa janikaSvili<br />

lokaluris Zaladoba<br />

paata Samugia<br />

`niWieri~<br />

sandro naveriani<br />

ivnisi 2010 #61<br />

fasi 5 lari<br />

saavtoro<br />

lismanisi<br />

levan berZeniSvili<br />

isev birsi gamaxsen<strong>da</strong><br />

aka morCilaZe<br />

xelovneba <strong>da</strong> `perversiebi~<br />

giorgi maisuraZe<br />

literatura<br />

mario vargas liosa<br />

semuel beketi<br />

maka miqelaZe<br />

irakli kakabaZe

saswavlo centri<br />

"British Connection"<br />

gTavazobT mosamzadebel kursebs<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sasertifikato gamocdebisTvis:<br />

FCE (B1-B2)<br />

CAE<br />

TOEFL<br />

IELTS<br />

magistraturis inglisuri enis gamocdisTvis<br />

mosamzadebeli jgufebi<br />

funqcionirebas iwyeben 1-7 ivnisi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

kursis xangrZlivoba - 12 kvira<br />

☺ sasargeblo rCeva - ewvieT saits<br />

www.britishconnection.ge<br />

misamarTi: bu<strong>da</strong>peStis q. 1<br />

telefoni: 308 135 / 855 301 390

inglisurenovani banaki kvariaTSi<br />

Camp etc.<br />

inglisuri enis gakveTilebi / TamaSobebi / eqskursiebi / RonisZiebebi<br />

ingliseli <strong>da</strong> amerikeli maswavleblebi <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelebi<br />

maRali xarisxis sacxovrebeli pirobebi<br />

samjeradi kveba<br />

brwyinvale adgilmdebareoba<br />

<strong>da</strong>matebiTi informaciisTvis <strong>da</strong>gvikavSirdiT:<br />

telefoni: 8 907 907 07 / 8 908 908 08<br />

www.etcetera.ge

garekanze: saSa lugini, katia riJikova<br />

foto: guram wibaxaSvili<br />

mTavari re<strong>da</strong>qtori:<br />

nino lomaZe<br />

art-re<strong>da</strong>qtori: giorgi nadiraZe<br />

re<strong>da</strong>qtor-stilisti: nino svaniZe<br />

koreqtori: nino saiTiZe<br />

nomerze muSaobdnen: <strong>da</strong>viT<br />

buxrikiZe, <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe, levan<br />

berZeniSvili, gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni,<br />

qeTi qanTaria, giorgi maisuraZe,<br />

kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va, nino beqiSvili,<br />

ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili, qeTevan<br />

sadRobelaSvili, basa janikaSvili,<br />

paata Samugia, sandro naveriani,<br />

giorgi svaniZe, naTia guliaSvili,<br />

aka morCilaZe, irma taveliZe<br />

foto: levan xerxeuliZe, marika<br />

qoCiaSvili, guram wibaxaSvili<br />

ilustracia: mariam zal<strong>da</strong>staniSvili,<br />

maia sumbaZe<br />

dizaini: Tornike lorTqifaniZe<br />

sazogadoebasTan urTierToba:<br />

lela SubiTiZe<br />

sareklamo gayidvebi: Salva CubiniZe<br />

distribucia: zviad Sengelia<br />

gamomcemeli: Sorena Saver<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />

gamomcemloba:<br />

Sps `em fabliSingi~, Tbilisi 0105,<br />

faliaSvilis q. 108, tel.: 912326<br />

el-fosta: mpublishing@caucasus.net<br />

sxva gamocemebi: liberali, biznesia<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />

meTodebi, strategiebi,<br />

dialogi, Tibisi <strong>da</strong> Tibiselebi.<br />

stamba: `favoriti~, Tbilisi,<br />

CubinaSvilis q. 50, tel.: 951952<br />

Jurnali gamodis 2004 wlis 25<br />

dekembri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

© “M Publishing” saavtoro uflebebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>culia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli<br />

masalebis nawilobrivi an mTliani<br />

gamoyeneba gamomcemlobis nebarTvis<br />

gareSe akrZalulia.<br />

6 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

8 re<strong>da</strong>qtoris werili<br />

10 Cveni avtorebi<br />

N61, ivnisi 2010<br />

mimoxilvebi 12 `eqslibrisis~ mkiTxvelTa klubi <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

13 `axali `galerea 9~ <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

14 totalitaruli epoqis arqiteqtura konceptualur<br />

fotografiaSi <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

14 uxmo evolucia naTia guliaSvili<br />

16 iuri meCiTovis Jurnalisturi retrospeqtiva<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

17 rok kafe droebiT <strong>da</strong>ixura <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

18 gaseirneba Zveli Tbilisis fotopeizaJSi<br />

naTia guliaSvili<br />

19 Rvinis festivali giorgi svaniZe<br />

20 aris Tu ara oleg timCenkos sfinqsi samkauli<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

22 istoriuli reversi sapnis aromatiT<br />

naTia guliaSvili<br />

recenzia 24 mieciT qmari ninis... <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />

komentarebi 25 37 gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni<br />

26 tendenciuri gmirebis aRlumi basa janikaSvili<br />

27 lokaluris Zaladoba paata Samugia<br />

29 finaluri mwuxri sandro naveriani<br />

istoriebi 30 erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

38 diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi qeTi qanTaria<br />

44 TadeuS kantori<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Canawerebi <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />

50 ulrike mainhofi<br />

Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi<br />

ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />

interviuebi 54 interviu erik trufazTan kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va<br />

58 interviu erik moniosTan<br />

`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori<br />

qeTevan sadRobelaSvili<br />

diskusia 62 radikalizmi dialogis magivrad nino beqiSvili<br />

esei 68 isev birsi gamaxsen<strong>da</strong> aka morCilaZe<br />

Targmani 72 ringze norman meileris werilebi<br />

inglisuri<strong>da</strong>n Targmna irma taveliZem<br />

saavtoro 76 lismanisi levan berZeniSvili<br />

82 xelovneba <strong>da</strong> `perversiebi~ giorgi maisuraZe

e<strong>da</strong>qtoris werili<br />

8 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

dResac zustad veravin ityvis vin aris ulrike mainhofi. elfride elineki<br />

fiqrobs, rom ulrikes biografia istoriul saidumlod <strong>da</strong>rCa, <strong>da</strong> awi am fenomenis<br />

amoxsnas veravin SeZlebs. mainhofis mkvlevari, karin baueri mas tragikul<br />

personas uwodebs, maRali idealebisTvis mebrZol qals, frustrirebuli<br />

Taobis Svils. <strong>sxvebi</strong> fiqroben, rom is namdvili sisxliani monstria, <strong>da</strong> misi<br />

nakvalevi gvamebiTaa aRniSnuli. hainrix bioli wiTeli armiis (RAF) eqvskacian<br />

fraqciaze (maT Soris mainhofze) wer<strong>da</strong>, rom es iyo eqvsis omi eqvsi milionis<br />

(eqvs milionSi Zalovanebs gulisxmob<strong>da</strong>) winaaRmdeg.<br />

1960-70-ian wlebSi, germanul Jurnal `konkritSi~ gamoqveynebuli ulrike mainhofis<br />

publikaciebis mimarT, bevrs gaorebuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba hqon<strong>da</strong>, roca<br />

ar ici, is giyvars Tu mTeli arsebiT gZuls. yvelaze neitraluri Sefaseba ki<br />

aseTia _ mainhofi ubralod saintereso mweralia, vinc ga<strong>da</strong>reuli drois qaosma<br />

CaiTria <strong>da</strong> veRar ipova gza ukan. mokled, rTulia gaigo, vin aris mainhofi.<br />

faqtia, ulrike teroristad rom ar qceuliyo misi nawerebi dRes aRaravis<br />

emaxsovrebo<strong>da</strong>. albaT, arc aravin Sekreb<strong>da</strong> `konkritis~ publikaciebs <strong>da</strong> verasdros<br />

iqceo<strong>da</strong> es unikaluri werilebi wignad _ `yvela amindze laparakobs.<br />

Cven _ ara~. mainhofis mkvlevari, wignis Sesaval sityvaSi wers, rom germanul<br />

sazogadoebas ulrikes teroristul aqtebTan kavSirze metad is abrazeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

man qalis tradiciuli rolis uaryofis magaliTi aCvena. RAF-Si gawevrianebis<br />

Semdeg, mainhofma 8 wlis tyupi gogonebi miatova <strong>da</strong> imis gamo, rom ar sur<strong>da</strong>,<br />

mis bavSvebze saxelmwifos ezruna, isini RAF-is teroristul banakSi gagzavna.<br />

tyupebi gzaSi policiam <strong>da</strong>akava <strong>da</strong> TavSesafarSi waiyvana.<br />

albaT, mainc veravin mouZebna mainhofis istorias imaze zusti saxeli, rogorc<br />

TviTon, sakuTar publikaciaSi, romelic misi cxovrebis mTel gzas aCvenebs<br />

_ `protesti<strong>da</strong>n winaaRmdegobamde~.<br />

`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa <strong>da</strong> es ar mawyobs.<br />

winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas wyvets.<br />

protesti: vacxadeb, rom morCa, me amaSi aRar vmonawileob.<br />

winaaRmdegoba: me viqcevi ise, rom amaSi aRaravin miiRebs monawileobas. wels,<br />

TebervalSi vietnamisadmi miZRvnil konferenciaze, berlinSi erTma Savkanianma<br />

amerikelma, moZraoba Black Power-is warmomadgenelma <strong>da</strong>axloebiT es Tqva _ sityvasityviT<br />

ar maxsovs.<br />

studentebi sulac ar `awyoben ajanyebas~, isini winaaRmdegobas swavloben.<br />

diax, qvebs isrodnen, diax, berlinSi Springeris koncernis Senobis fanjrebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>imsxvra. manqanebi aal<strong>da</strong>, `bild caitungis~ erT-erTi re<strong>da</strong>qcia <strong>da</strong>zaral<strong>da</strong>,<br />

saburavebi <strong>da</strong>iglija, satransporto moZraoba paralizebuli iyo, satvirTo<br />

manqanebi ga<strong>da</strong>ayiraves, policielebis jaWvebi gaarRvies _ diax, Zalas mimarTes,<br />

fizikur Zalmomreobas. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, Springeris presis gamosvlas xeli veraferma<br />

SeuSala, quCis moZraoba ramdenime saaTSi ganaxl<strong>da</strong>. fanjrebis fuls<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>zRvevo kompaniebi ga<strong>da</strong>ixdian. <strong>da</strong>mwvari satvirTo manqanebis nacvlad, quCebSi<br />

<strong>sxvebi</strong> gamovlen. policia wylis Wavls kvlav gamoiyenebs, iseve, rogorc<br />

rezinis xeljoxebi ar mogvakldeba. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, is, rac mox<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba kvlav<br />

ganmeordes: Springeris presa kvlav gaafTrebul devnas ganagrZobs, klaus Sulci<br />

kvlav mogviwodebs, rom `am subieqtebs TvalebSi CavxedoT~ <strong>da</strong> _ modiT,<br />

viyoT Tanmimdevrulni _ vurtyaT (rac 21 Tebervals ukve mox<strong>da</strong>) <strong>da</strong>, sabolood,<br />

vesroloT~.<br />

vfiqrob, dRes mniSvnelovania fiqri imaze, Tu ra xdeba maSin, rodesac ar<br />

arsebobs kiTxvebze pasuxi.<br />

rodis iqceva kiTxvebi _ protestad <strong>da</strong> protesti _ winaaRmdegobad?<br />

rodis ibadeba mainhofi?<br />

nino lomaZe<br />

mogvwereT, editor@shokoladi.ge

Cveni avtorebi<br />

qeTi qanTaria<br />

klaviaturaze dro<strong>da</strong>dro kidev erTi wyvili xeli Cndeba <strong>da</strong><br />

miwers `ras Svebi axla qeTi~. wels axali SiSi aqvs, romelsac<br />

veRar ereva, buzebi. mec wels erTi didi buzi gamiCn<strong>da</strong>, romelsac<br />

fanjri<strong>da</strong>n ver vagdeb. televizori. mowyenili bavSvebis<br />

megobari. `axla me ra vqna~, mwers isev. `waikiTxe rame~, vuwer.<br />

`me patara var~. `ar xar.~ `var~. hm. dialogis azrgamocliloba<br />

Cemi bralia. bolo droebis Cemi sifuyis bralia. naxeT rogor<br />

aris mowyobili cxovreba. gaCerebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>fiqrebis fufuneba<br />

masSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, meore Tves gazs gamogirTaven.<br />

`jetiksis~, MTV-is degeneratuli <strong>da</strong> vulgaruli laTinuri<br />

amerikis xmaurSi (aba borxess didi xania biblioTekaSi sZinavs),<br />

patara vardisferi putkuna karieristebis mquxare sityvebSi<br />

deteqtivi, romelSic raRacas ixdian, mainc iTargmneba,<br />

avtopilotiT. rac Tavi maxsovs, dRisiT Tbilisi sul aseTi<br />

qancgamZvrali <strong>da</strong> Zalagamoclilia. albaT amitom vwvebi Zalian<br />

gvian. RamiT, Tormetis mere, rac un<strong>da</strong> gamofituli viyo, TavSi<br />

raRac naTurebi inTeba <strong>da</strong> dReis iqiTa cxovrebis <strong>da</strong>sajdomi<br />

ganaTebebi moCans. dRes ukve zustad vici, aseT mdgomareobaSi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani yvelaze kargad mosazeli plastelinia. me xom<br />

ukve beberi mgeli var <strong>da</strong> Cemi ga<strong>da</strong>zelva SeuZlebelia (Tumca,<br />

amis Tqmaze raRac sasignalo Tu sifrTxilis naTurebi mainc<br />

menTeba), magram vinc Zalian adre iZinebs? me Toro miyvars<br />

yvelaze Zaan, gunebaSi masTan erTad tyeSi vcxovrob. marTalia,<br />

mwerebis mec meSinia, magram am jiut kacTan erTad mainc<br />

iqa var. oRond erTi patara bavSvi mabaria (Svili, araSvili<br />

_ ar aqvs mniSvneloba, a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic mabaria), romelic<br />

sadRac or realobas Soris meWedeba, imitom rom kargad jer<br />

ver vuxsni, vin arian yvelaze tvinisgamxvreti buzebi, visi un<strong>da</strong><br />

eSinodes. amitom mas uyvars yvelaferi vardisferi, saitebi,<br />

romlebzec bevri vardisferi `produqti~ eguleba <strong>da</strong> naTurebi<br />

maTi Tvalierebisas enTeba. ai, axali Jurnali, romel-<br />

Sic patara a<strong>da</strong>mians axaliseben: egre gaagrZele <strong>da</strong> CvensaviT<br />

didi <strong>da</strong> msuqani (ukacravad, `skinny~ <strong>da</strong> lamazi) iqnebi, ijdebi<br />

aramyudro, magram did saxlSi <strong>da</strong> gamoSterebul Jurnalists<br />

Seni fexsacmlis oTxmoc<strong>da</strong>aT wyvils gadmouwyob. viRacas aq<br />

Svela sWirdeba, xsna _ ara, xsna garantirebulia, indulgencia<br />

met-naklebad yvela qarTvels ganaRdebuli aqvs. oTxmoc<strong>da</strong>aTi<br />

wyvili SeiZleba sulier mamasac gadmouwyo, Tu patara plastelini<br />

iqnebi. ara<strong>da</strong>, a.d.v. Toro <strong>da</strong> mec qristianebi varT.<br />

10 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

nino beqiSvili<br />

`yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani ibadeba Tavisufali <strong>da</strong> Tanaswori Tavisi<br />

RirsebiTa <strong>da</strong> uflebebiT. maT miniWebuli aqvT goneba<br />

<strong>da</strong> sindisi <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTis mimarT un<strong>da</strong> iqceodnen Zmuri<br />

suliskveTebiT~<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia<br />

muxli 1<br />

`cxeli Sokoladis~ re<strong>da</strong>qciaSi diskusiaze levan berZeniSvilma<br />

`a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis~<br />

Sesaxeb, romelic gaerom meore msoflio omis Semdeg, 1948<br />

wlis 10 dekembers miiRo, aseTi ram Tqva: `am deklaracias<br />

dRes veravin ver <strong>da</strong>wers <strong>da</strong> ar arsebobs saxelmwifo,<br />

romelic mas dRes miiReb<strong>da</strong>. yvela religiuri konfesia<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba am dokuments, es normaluricaa, asec un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos. es deklaracia yvelaferze maRla <strong>da</strong>dga swored<br />

imitom, rom misma Semqmnelebma warmoudgeneli sisastike<br />

naxes~.<br />

im dRes, 2010 wlis 15 maiss pirvelad <strong>da</strong>vfiqrdi imaze,<br />

rom SeiZleba es dokumenti gasuli saukunis yvelaze<br />

mniSvnelovani monapovari iyos. deklaraciis arsebobis<br />

Sesaxeb, viTarca sabWoTa moqalaqem, gvian gavige. mere<br />

uamravjer wamikiTxavs, punqtebis mixedviTac SemiZlia<br />

CamovTvalo iq aRwerili uflebebi, magram Sin mosulma<br />

kidev erTxel gadmoviRe <strong>da</strong> mivxvdi, rom batoni levani<br />

ar cdebo<strong>da</strong>. Sors wasvla <strong>da</strong> msoflioSi mimdinare<br />

procesebis gaxseneba sulac ar <strong>da</strong>mWir<strong>da</strong> _ teqstis didi<br />

nawili Tanamedrove, demokratiuli <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis gzaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>mdgari saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis didi nawilisTvis<br />

gaugebari <strong>da</strong> miuRebelia. cxadi <strong>da</strong> martivi WeSmaritebebis<br />

aRiarebis nacvlad Cvens efemerul SiSebs isev verafers<br />

vuxerxebT, <strong>da</strong> roca raRac problemis winaSe vdgebiT,<br />

`Zmuri suliskveTeba~ sadRac qreba _ sul erTia vin varT,<br />

mdidrebi Tu Raribebi, ganaTlebulebi Tu gaunaTleblebi,<br />

liberalebi Tu marTlmorwmune qristianebi.<br />

es, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, samwuxaro ambavia. erTi nugeSi isaa, rom<br />

marto ara varT _ a<strong>da</strong>mianebi sxvaganac, sxva qveynebSic<br />

met-naklebi simZafriT imave problemebis winaSe dganan.<br />

mTavari albaT isaa, rom gvjerodes _ saubriT, erTmane-<br />

Tis mosmeniT <strong>da</strong> kompromisis ZiebiT gamosavali yovel-<br />

Tvis SeiZleba vipovoT...

gonieri kbilis pastebi<br />

siamovnebis moyvarulTaTvis<br />

R.O.C.S.-is kbilis pasta `yava<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tambaqo~ specialurad<br />

SemuSavebulia yavis, Cais,<br />

wiTeli Rvinisa <strong>da</strong> Tambaqos<br />

moyvarulTaTvis.<br />

SeinarCuneT momxibvleli Rimili<br />

<strong>da</strong> jansaRi sunTqva.

mimoxilva<br />

12 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

`eqslibrisis~ mkiTxvelTa klubi<br />

yazbegis gamzirisa <strong>da</strong> TamaraSvilis quCis kuTxeSi mdebare maRazia `eqslibrisi~ cdilobs,<br />

yovel xuTSabaTs avtorebTan Sexvedris tradicia <strong>da</strong>amkvidros. magram, sxva aseTive Sexvedrebisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT, es ar aris paTetikuri SemoqmedebiTi saRamoebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mwerali saku-<br />

Tari Tavis morigi gandidebisTvis mieSureba. aq yvelaferi piriqiTaa _ anu ise, rogorc un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos, <strong>da</strong> Cvenc namdvili interesebi <strong>da</strong> xalisi <strong>da</strong>gvibrundes. mwerals elodeba mkiTxvelTa<br />

viwro wre, romelsac gansaxilveli wigni wakiTxuli aqvs <strong>da</strong> konkretuli SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma<br />

surs. pirveli ori Sexvedri<strong>da</strong>n SegviZlia <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom aq marTlac <strong>da</strong>saSvebia iseT mkiTxvelTan<br />

Sexvedris molodini, romelic gvegona, rom ukve aRar arsebobs. yuradRebis centrSi<br />

swored beletristikaa, misi klasikuri gagebiT, yovelgvari poeturi <strong>da</strong> postmodernistuli<br />

triukebis gareSe _ Tu rogor qmnis avtori siuJets, personaJTa xasiaTebs <strong>da</strong> mere ukve<br />

istorias <strong>da</strong> dialogs. istoriis <strong>da</strong> dialogis <strong>da</strong>viwyeba vcadeT, Tumca mivxvdiT, rom es, ra-<br />

Rac TvalsazrisiT, mkiTxvelisa <strong>da</strong> literaturis <strong>da</strong>viwyebas udris. albaT amitomac iridebs<br />

`eqslibrisi~ poetebs _ isini arasodes misdevdnen Txrobas <strong>da</strong> ambavs. magram, Cveni paTetikuri<br />

tendenciebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, qarTuli proza, umeteswilad, swored maneruli saxelebis mqone<br />

personaJebis, maTi ara<strong>da</strong>majerebeli dialogebis <strong>da</strong> angaJirebuli siuJetebis tyveobaSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

pirveli Sexvedra moewyo mweral zurab leJavasTan. ganxilvisTvis warmodgenili iyo<br />

mwerlis pirveli krebuli `bavSvis nakbeni karaliokze oqtombris TveSi~, romelic 2010 wels<br />

gamosca `bakur sulakauris gamomcemlobam~. wignSi mwerlis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva periodis moTxrobebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> erTi romania gaerTianebuli. rogorc maRaziisa <strong>da</strong> am programis erT-erTma warmomadgenelma,<br />

mweralma zaza koSkaZem aRniSna, zurab leJavas msubuqi Savi iumoriTa <strong>da</strong> Zalze zomieri<br />

siurrealisturi <strong>da</strong> fantasmagoriuli saxeebiT gamsWvaluli es wigni namdvili beletristikis,<br />

lamis, erTaderTi nimuSia qarTuli literaturis bolodroindel sinamdvileSi.<br />

anu aseTi Sefaseba etyoba miniSneba iyo, rom mwerali istoriiT <strong>da</strong> personaJebiT un<strong>da</strong> cxovrobdes,<br />

is un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>sxvebi</strong>s cxovrebis Semoqmedi <strong>da</strong> SeeZlos sakuTari cxovrebis gverdze<br />

gaweva, <strong>da</strong>viwyeba, <strong>da</strong> Zalze cnobismoyvarec un<strong>da</strong> iyos. marTlac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom namdvili<br />

beletristika arc mkiTxvelisTvis iqmneba, arc fulisTvis <strong>da</strong> arc karierisTvis. is<br />

ubralod istoriebis SesaZleblobaTa uzomo siyvarulis Sedegia. aseT SemTxvevaSi stilis<br />

niuansebi TavisTavad Cndeba <strong>da</strong> mkiTxvelisken mimavali kulturuli veli swored ase iqmneba.<br />

mwerals sabolood, marTlac mkiTxveli qmnis, Tuki mas miscemen amis saSualebas. aseTi fantasmagoriebisgan<br />

iqmneba yvelaze realisturi mwerloba. xolo mwerlebis xelovnuri ganwyoba<br />

CvenTvis kargad nacnob paTetikas <strong>da</strong> manerulobas warmoSobs. meore Sexvedra mweral laSa<br />

buRaZesTan Sedga. ganixilebo<strong>da</strong> misi axali wigni `literaturuli eqspresi~. laSa buRaZesTan<br />

saubari swored imis aRniSvniT <strong>da</strong>iwyo, rom es mwerlis pirveli wignia, romelic arsebul socialur-politikur<br />

mdgomareobas ar exmianeba <strong>da</strong> wmin<strong>da</strong> beletristikis nimuSia. am saukeTeso<br />

tradiciis aRdgena maRaziis xelmZRvanelebis _ Tedo mirijanaSvilisa <strong>da</strong> nata caavas <strong>da</strong>msaxurebaa.<br />

marTlac, iqneb Seiqmnas mkiTxvelTa klubi <strong>da</strong> ara ubralod msmenelTa auditoria. <strong>da</strong><br />

es yvelaferi arafersac ar emsaxureba, mxolod _ literaturis siyvaruls.<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

foto: naTia xaCiraSvili

axali `galerea 9~<br />

axlaxan gaxsnil `galerea 9~-Si, romelic gudiaSvilis 9 nomerSi mdebareobs <strong>da</strong> simpaTiur <strong>da</strong><br />

komfortabelur sivrces warmoadgens, unikaluri jgufuri gamofena Sedga _ saxelwodebiT<br />

`art procesi~. aq gamofenili namuSevrebis avtorebi TbilisSi momuSave kuratorebi, galeristebi,<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneebi an koleqcionerebi arian. cxadia, rom es mxatvar iuri beriSvilis<br />

mier organizebuli raRac postmodernistuli eqspromti iyo, romliTac am axali galereis<br />

biografia <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<br />

gamofenaze naCvenebi iyo baia wiqoriZis, van<strong>da</strong> mujiris, qeTi korZaxias, <strong>da</strong>viT andriaZis,<br />

arCil <strong>da</strong>rCias, zaira bereliZis, lika mamacaSvilis, ia dvalis, maia nozaZis, gia jamberiZis,<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT muSkudianis, nino gujabiZis, nika maWavarianis, rusiko oatis <strong>da</strong> TviT `galerea<br />

9~-s kuratoris, marina amzaSvilis namuSevrebi _ anu im profesionalebis, visi saqmianobac<br />

aqamde mxatvrebis namuSevrebze iyo <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. axla ki, Tu galeristebi ase ga<strong>da</strong>wyveten,<br />

mxatvrebs namdvilad quCaSi mouwevT <strong>da</strong>rCena. SeiZleba es raRac miniSnebaa _ `xelovneba<br />

xelovnebisTvis~ Tezisis axali, sapirispiro Tezisi _ `galerea galeristebisTvis~. an Sei-<br />

Zleba im mc<strong>da</strong>r Sexedulebas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom yoveli kritikosi verSemdgari mweralia, an<strong>da</strong><br />

galeristi _ verSemdgari mxatvari. ar mgonia, rom am gamofenas aseTi faruli survilebis<br />

asrulebis motivacia hqono<strong>da</strong>. es ufro erTi kargi <strong>da</strong> gamaxalisebeli TamaSi gamovi<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />

marTlac sWirdeba Cvens samxatvro garemos. sasurvelia aseTi TamaSis ufleba galeristebma<br />

mxatvrebsac miscen. es, SesaZloa, negatiuri <strong>da</strong> saSiSi sulac ar aRmoCndes. `galerea<br />

9~-s namdvilad kargi monaxazi gamouvi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>narCens ki, rogorc ityvian, dro gviCvenebs.<br />

swored droze, aqtualobasa <strong>da</strong> konteqstebzea saWiro <strong>da</strong>fiqreba, rogorc am axal galereaSi,<br />

aseve sxvagan. mxolod fuli arafers cvlis. is ufro myari valutis _ cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> misi<br />

mSvenierebis axleburad wakiTxvis pirobaa. swored dro erT-erTi yvelaze mTavari faqtoria<br />

galeristebisTvis <strong>da</strong> saintereso iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, swored drosTan, aqtualobasTan <strong>da</strong> konteqstebTan<br />

meti muSaoba, rogorc am axal galereaSi, aseve zoga<strong>da</strong>d. radgan dro, ase pir<strong>da</strong>pir,<br />

mxolodRa fuli ar aris, is ufro myari valutis _ cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> misi mSvenierebis axali<br />

wakiTxvebis pirobacaa.<br />

mimoxilva<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

foto: ani gugutiSvili<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 13

mimoxilva<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

foto: ani gugutiSvili<br />

14 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

uxmo evolucia<br />

totalitaruli epoqis arqiteqtura konceptualur<br />

fotografiaSi<br />

fotografi irina abJan<strong>da</strong>Ze axal interdisciplinur <strong>da</strong> interpersonalur<br />

proeqts, <strong>da</strong> axal gamofenas gvTavazobs. 5 maiss saqarTvelos goeTes<br />

institutSi man musikos gela megreliZesTan erTad warmoadgina fotogamofena<br />

`tempelhofi<strong>da</strong>n karl marqsis gamziramde~. berlini or nawilad<br />

_ nacional-socialistur <strong>da</strong> stalinistur banakebad iyo gayofili <strong>da</strong>,<br />

arqiteqturis mxriv, am ori diqtaturis <strong>da</strong>pirispirebac <strong>da</strong> Tanaarsebobac<br />

aq dResac TvalnaTliv Cans. irina abJan<strong>da</strong>Zem ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d fasadebi ga<strong>da</strong>iRo,<br />

xolo gela megreliZem aRmosavleT berlinSi <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi <strong>da</strong><br />

maTi sacxovrebeli saxlebis myudro <strong>da</strong> moduri interierebi. am konstruqtivistuli<br />

reminiscenciis gamofeniT mxatvrebi gvaCveneben, rom bnelma<br />

istoriam Caiara <strong>da</strong> nagebobebi ubralod nagebobebad <strong>da</strong>rCa, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

maTi imdroindeli ideologiuri konteqstebisa. irina abJan<strong>da</strong>Ze ar Ralatobs<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> xelovnebis normebs <strong>da</strong> is dokumenturi <strong>da</strong> struqturalisturi<br />

fotografiis mediums namdvili <strong>da</strong> mokrZalebuli Terapiis formad<br />

iyenebs. mayurebeli ecnoba nacional-socialisturi germaniis gauqmebuli<br />

aeroportis miwisqveSa saTavsoebs, romlebic faSisturi germaniis sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo<br />

samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis adgilebsac warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, gela megreliZis<br />

programis perifrazi rom gavakeToT, marTlac gasaocaria am oTaxebSi<br />

mxiaruli grafitebisa <strong>da</strong> naxatebis aRmoCena, kedlebs uwyinarad rom<br />

amSvenebs. gamofenis gaxsnaze arqiteqtorma levan lominaSvilma waikiTxa<br />

moxseneba nacional-socialisturi arqiteqturis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.<br />

aseve uCvenes nawyveti filmi<strong>da</strong>n `msoflio de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi germania~.<br />

26 aprils marjaniSvilis Teatris scena uCveulo speqtakls<br />

<strong>da</strong>eTmo. quTaisis 45-e skolis moswavleebma, giga miqaZis re-<br />

JisorobiT, mimodrama `evolucia~ warmoadgines. uCveulo ki<br />

am, erTi SexedviT, dramaturgiiTa <strong>da</strong> inscenirebiT Cveulebriv<br />

speqtaklSi is iyo, rom scenaze mdgom arc erT bavSvs ar<br />

esmo<strong>da</strong>. quTaisis 45-e skola yru-munji bavSvebisTvisaa gankuTvnili.<br />

`evoluciam~ yvelanairi winaswarganwyoba <strong>da</strong> stereotipi<br />

gaaqro, rac mayurebels SeiZleba provinciuli Teatris mimarT<br />

hqondes. dekoraciebis kitCuri nimuSebiT gaformebis nacvlad,<br />

scena minimalisturia. aranairi kostiumi, arc erTi rekviziti. patara msaxiobebi ki dramaturgiul<br />

ganviTarebas, moZraobis dinamikas <strong>da</strong> metic, musikasac ise mihyvebian, rTulia <strong>da</strong>ijero, rom maT arc<br />

sakuTari moZraobis xma esmiT, <strong>da</strong> speqtaklSi erTmaneTis funqcia <strong>da</strong> scenaris Sinaarsi reJisorisgan<br />

Jestis pe<strong>da</strong>gogis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT gaiges. piter gebrielis meditaciuri musikis fonze, romelic<br />

musikosma skorsezes `qristes ukanaskneli cdunebisTvis~ <strong>da</strong>wera, speqtaklSi samyaros <strong>da</strong>badebis<br />

pirveli scena viTardeba. TeTr tiloSi gaxveulebi scenaze wvanan. ramdenime wuTis Semdeg erTi<br />

maTgani jer frTxilad, Semdeg <strong>da</strong>JinebiT, elastiuri moZraobiT cdilobs garsis SemorRvevas <strong>da</strong><br />

male naWris `kvercxi<strong>da</strong>n~ jer kaci `ibadeba~, Semdeg _ qali. erTmaneTs ramdenime wuTis manZilze<br />

Sori<strong>da</strong>n akvirdebian, mere ki xelebiT erTmaneTis sxeulebis Seswavlas iwyeben; amCneven msgavsebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> gansxvavebas. es samyaros Seqmnis <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis ganviTarebis ambavia. yvela Tvisebas <strong>da</strong> SegrZnebas<br />

gza<strong>da</strong>gza iZenen; swavloben, rogor <strong>da</strong>Zlion SimSili, wyurvili, sicive. mere sxva kvercxebi<strong>da</strong>nac<br />

iCekebian <strong>da</strong> Cndeba tomi. tomi iwyebs cxovrebas. tomSi Cndeba pirveli tyuili, pirveli <strong>da</strong>naSauli<br />

_ codva <strong>da</strong> amiT gamowveuli mkvleloba; bolos ki _ rwmena <strong>da</strong> siyvaruli, rogorc kaTarzisi.<br />

scenaze mdgomma 13-ma mozardma, romlebsac speqtaklis <strong>da</strong>srulebisas maTken mimarTuli aplodismentebis<br />

xmac ki ar esmo<strong>da</strong>T, mimodramis saSualebiT sazogadoebas aCvena <strong>da</strong> uambo im gzis Sesaxeb,<br />

yvelani rom gavdivarT, ganurCevlad imisa, Cvens welTaRricxvamde <strong>da</strong>vibadeT, Tu 21-e saukuneSi.<br />

avtori: naTia guliaSvili

mimoxilva<br />

16 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

iuri meCiTovis Jurnalisturi retrospeqtiva<br />

qarvaslaSi gaixsna cnobili qarTveli fotografis, iuri meCiTovis gamofena, romelic<br />

detalebSi asaxavs saqarTvelos cxovrebas 1981 wli<strong>da</strong>n dRemde. es <strong>da</strong>xunZluli eqspozicia<br />

matianes warmoadgens, magram mTavari aq mainc a<strong>da</strong>mianTa bedia; a<strong>da</strong>mianebis, romlebmac ukiduresad<br />

rTuli <strong>da</strong> siZneleebiT aRsavse cxovreba ganvles <strong>da</strong> aseve Seegebnen 21-e saukunes.<br />

Tu rogori ganadgurebulebi SevediT 21-e saukuneSi, amis saCveneblad iuri meCiTovma<br />

iseTi fotoebi gamofina, romelic Cvens rux cxovrebas Segvaxsenebs, <strong>da</strong> rasac ukve veRarc<br />

vamCnevT, radgan Tvali SeeCvia. am fotoebze alag-alag krTeba raRac Souebis, modelebis,<br />

dResaswaulebis amsaxveli kadrebi, romlebic, Raribuli sabWoTa periodis raionuli<br />

sasadiloebis an atalaxebul quCebSi umweod <strong>da</strong>rCenili a<strong>da</strong>mianebis fonze, sevdian<br />

Sinaarss iZenen _ TiTqos es zeimebi soflis mitovebul klubSi imarTeba, Cven ki Cveni<br />

cxovreba uaRresad feSenebeluri gvgonia. mitingebi, samgloviaro procesiebi, SimSili,<br />

omebi, <strong>da</strong>rbevebi, gulubryvilobamde misuli uimedoba _ iuri meCiTovi imas gviCvenebs, rac<br />

mis garSemo yoveldRiurad iyo am 20 wlis manZilze. erT suraTSi is kontrasts asaxavs<br />

_ cocxlad <strong>da</strong>rCenili mebrZolebis win miwaze <strong>da</strong>svenebuli, <strong>da</strong>xocili <strong>da</strong> nawamebi jariskacebis<br />

sxeulebi. Cven ki kontrastis mxolod erT mxares vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, <strong>da</strong>viRaleT <strong>da</strong> gamosavali,<br />

principSi, mainc ar Cans.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad fotosuraTebis simravlisa, fotografma eqspozicia ise aawyo, rom es masStaburi<br />

gamofena <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebels ar Rlis. <strong>da</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad yvelafrisa, arc simZimis grZnoba<br />

mogyveba <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gamosuls. albaT imitom, rom es realobaa <strong>da</strong> aq aravin gatyuebs.<br />

fotografi gvaCvenebs, rom simarTles, ra mZimec un<strong>da</strong> iyos is, ukeTesi momavlis realuri<br />

safuZveli metad aqvs, vidre aqa-iq amokrefil mxiarul, sinamdvileSi ki, sevdian kadrebs.<br />

mnaxvels iseTi ganwyoba eufleba, TiTqos am gamofenis mere raRac un<strong>da</strong> Seicvalos, TiTqos<br />

es am ruxi periodis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis sindromia. ar vici, rogor moaxerxa fotografma aseTi<br />

optimisturi gancdis Seqmna _ nuTu mxolod imiT, rom viciT, cuds kargi mosdevs, <strong>da</strong><br />

rom aq yvela foto Sav-TeTria, <strong>da</strong>rbazis gareT ki mainc mravali feriT aRsavse cxovreba<br />

gvelodeba.<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

foto: irina xuciSvili

ok kafe droebiT <strong>da</strong>ixura<br />

1 maiss rok kafe droebiT sazeimod <strong>da</strong>ixura e.w. papsas ironiuli jem koncertiT. manamde<br />

ki, ramdenime dRiT adre <strong>da</strong>xurvis realuri programa valeri xaCiZes <strong>da</strong> jguf `monoplans~<br />

ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>T. es jgufi, romelic TbilisSi avangardul alternatiul roks ukravs, marTlac<br />

yvelaze metad enaTesaveba `autsaiders~ <strong>da</strong> mis mTavar figuras, robi kuxianiZes. swored es<br />

ori musikosi iyo warmodgenili bolo koncertebze rok kafeSi, 28 <strong>da</strong> 29 aprils.<br />

Tu `autsaiders~ rusuli pankis Slageri <strong>da</strong> qarTuli kitCuri baladis kargad gamogonili<br />

melodiuri Samanizmi aerTianebs, `monoplani~ wmin<strong>da</strong> anarqistuli pankia, harmoniis pirobiTi<br />

monaxaziT, refrenis monotonurobiT, arcTu martivi melodiiT <strong>da</strong> yvirilSi ga<strong>da</strong>suli<br />

vokaliT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom orive am jgufs utopiuri anarqistuli idealebi asazrdoebs,<br />

iseTi, ruseTSi, ukrainaSi an amerikaSi rom SeiZleba naxoT, magram ara _ saqarTveloSi. <strong>da</strong><br />

SeiZleba swored ocnebis es xarisxi hmatebs momxibvlelobas maT musikas.<br />

<strong>da</strong>xurvis wina dReebSi rok kafeSi sxva raRacebic mox<strong>da</strong> _ mwerali Teona dolenjaSvili performansebis<br />

keTebaze ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> erT saRamos beqa molaSvilTan erTad SesaniSnavi teqsturmusikaluri<br />

performansi warmoadgina, saxelwodebiT `fi<strong>da</strong>i~. es iyo istoria Saxid qalze,<br />

romelic Tavs ifeTqebs. Cven, mayureblebi ki vxe<strong>da</strong>vdiT am qals <strong>da</strong>rbazSi <strong>da</strong> vicodiT, rom<br />

mas Tavi un<strong>da</strong> aefeTqebina. amasobaSi Teona dolenjaSvilis prozauli reCitativi poeziad<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>iqca <strong>da</strong> mTlianobaSi es gamosvla marTlac kargi performansi gamovi<strong>da</strong>; gvesmo<strong>da</strong> teqsti<br />

<strong>da</strong> am teqstis detalebi ufro gvxiblav<strong>da</strong>, vidre istoria.<br />

mokled, raRac misteriuli dReebi idga _ valeri xaCiZem wiTeli qsoviliT Tvalaxveulma<br />

imRera mTeli koncerti, romelic erT uwyvet mTlianobaSi mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. mas SesaniSnavi<br />

gitaristi, stas rogankovi <strong>da</strong> bendi hyav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> es marTlac erT-erTi saukeTeso koncerti iyo<br />

bolo periodis TbilisSi. Teona dolenjaSvilma moulodnelad lamazi literatura <strong>da</strong> teqsti<br />

Seqmna, ara mxolod imiT, rac ukve <strong>da</strong>werili hqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> xelSi eWira, aramed mTlad Cven<br />

Tvalwin, iqve rac iqmnebo<strong>da</strong> _ teqsts, musikasa <strong>da</strong> Saxid msaxiob qals Soris.<br />

gul<strong>da</strong>sawyvetia <strong>da</strong> albaT bevrs moenatreba es adgili rusTavelze. miT umetes, rogorc cnobilia,<br />

aq xuTSabaTobiT `lib.ge~-sa <strong>da</strong> rok kafes erToblivi art-saRamoebis tradiciac <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Tumca, rok kafe male, sul ramdenime TveSi axal SenobaSi gaixsneba. manamde ki `lib.ge~<br />

gaCerebas arc apirebs _ ukve ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, literaturis muzeumTan iTanamSromlebs.<br />

foto: irina xuciSvili<br />

mimoxilva<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

foto: naTia xaCiraSvili<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 17

mimoxilva<br />

18 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

gaseirneba Zveli Tbilisis fotopeizaJSi<br />

evropis saxlma TbilisSi saqmianoba masStaburi kulturuli RonisZiebiT<br />

_ fotogamofeniT <strong>da</strong>iwyo. Zveli Tbilisis ubnebi 3 dRiT Tbilisi Open Air<br />

Photo Fest-is sagamofeno teritoriad iqca. 15 maisis Rames gudiaSvilis<br />

baRi<strong>da</strong>n abanoTubnamde <strong>da</strong>montaJebul aT ekranze asobiT foto cvli<strong>da</strong><br />

erTmaneTs. gamofena cnobili arlis fotofestivalis (Les Rencontres<br />

d’Arles) programasac maspinZlob<strong>da</strong>. arlis „wlis Ramis“ farglebSi erTi<br />

Ramis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime ekrani sinqronulad dilamde uCveneb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

imeoreb<strong>da</strong> msoflios wamyvani Jurnalebis, saagentoebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />

fotoxelovanebis namuSevrebs <strong>da</strong> videoproeqciebs. maT Soris iyo: Le<br />

Monde, Vogue, GQ, STILETTO, Reuters, World Press Photo, Magmun Photos, Corbis Outline.<br />

paralelurad ki, im RamiT SegeZloT Tbilisis fotografiis saxlis<br />

mier warmodgenili 12 qarTveli fotografis <strong>da</strong> 2 qarTuli Jurnalis _<br />

`liberalis~ <strong>da</strong> `tabulas~ fotoreportiorebis namuSevrebic genaxaT;<br />

aseve _ uiliam kleinis telearx ARTE-sTvis Seqmnili videoseria `kontaqtebi~,<br />

nan goldinis Sesaxeb, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoyenebulia fotoebi goldinis<br />

cikli<strong>da</strong>n `bala<strong>da</strong> seqsualur <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaze~. Zveli Tbilisis arqiteqturuli<br />

Taviseburebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, gamofena Photo Fest TbilisSi sagamofeno<br />

sivrcis gamoyenebis yvelaze saintereso SemTxveva iyo. mTlianobaSi,<br />

mTeli es sivrce erTian kompozicias warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>: Zveli Tbilisis<br />

sxeuli <strong>da</strong> 10 patara Tvali, sa<strong>da</strong>c mudmivad cimcimeb<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

gamosaxuleba. ekranebs Soris moseirne mayureblis moZraoba erTgvari<br />

hefeningis ganwyobas qmni<strong>da</strong>, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebeli<br />

fotoperformansSi uSualod ar monawileob<strong>da</strong>. arlis programis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Tbilisis fotofestivalis farglebSi ramdenime personaluri gamofena,<br />

fotografTa <strong>da</strong>jildoeba, diskusia <strong>da</strong> Alter Vision-is organizebuli koncertic<br />

moewyo. 14 maiss, festivalis gaxsnis dRes evropis saxlSi saagento<br />

magnumma konkursis _ `prizi axalgazr<strong>da</strong> fotografisTvis kavkasiis<br />

regioni<strong>da</strong>n“ _ monawileebi <strong>da</strong>ajildova. <strong>da</strong>ro sulakaurma saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n<br />

<strong>da</strong> karen mirzoianma somxeTi<strong>da</strong>n sapatio diplomebi miiRes, gamarjvebuli<br />

ki azerbaijaneli rena efendi gax<strong>da</strong>, romlis proeqtis PIPE DREAMS gamofena<br />

evropis saxlSi im dResve moewyo. fotoseria, romelic baqo-Tbilisijeihanis<br />

navTobsadens exebo<strong>da</strong>, gviCvenebs, Tu rogor aisaxeba 1700 km-ze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Wimuli politikurad mniSvnelovani milsadeni regionis sami qveynis<br />

socialur cxovrebaze. proeqtis Cveneba msoflios ramdenime qveyanaSi<br />

ukve Sedga <strong>da</strong> wigna<strong>da</strong>c gamoica, Tumca Tavad azerbaijanSi, politikuri<br />

cenzuris gamo, <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebels misi naxvis saSualeba dRemde<br />

ar hqonia. meore personaluri gamofena festivalis <strong>da</strong>xurvis dRes, 16<br />

maiss `purpurSi~ Sedga. maikl kenas fotoseria `saqarTvelo~ 2008 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi iqmnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> festivalis organizatoris, nestan niJara-<br />

Zis TqmiT, gamofenaze warmodgenili 11 foto, romelic kenam Tbilisis<br />

fotografiis saxls personalurad gamougzavna, seriis nawilia, romelic<br />

aucileblad gagrZeldeba <strong>da</strong> wigna<strong>da</strong>c gamoicema. qarTveli <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebeli<br />

ucxoeli fotografis TvaliT <strong>da</strong>naxul saqarTveloSi naklebad Tu<br />

aRmoaCens raime siaxles. mTis peizaJebi <strong>da</strong> misi aucilebeli komponentebi<br />

_ eklesia <strong>da</strong> maRlobze Semomdgari cxvari. meore mxriv ki, zRvis sanapiro<br />

zolis palmebi albaT ufro maTTvis iqneba saintereso, visTvisac saqarTvelo<br />

ucnobi egzotikuri qveyanaa. saboloo jamSi, Tbilisis fotofestivali<br />

Tbiliseli fotomoyvarulebisTvis saukeTeso SesaZlebloba<br />

iyo, lokalur sivrceSi enaxaT, Tu rogor gamoiyureba bolo dros mediis<br />

grandebis fotoTvalebiT <strong>da</strong>naxuli beberi samyaro, Tavisi ukanaskneli<br />

konfliqturi SeiaraRebiT, Raribi ubnebis getoebiTa <strong>da</strong> Ramis qalaqebis<br />

glamuruli cxovrebiT.<br />

avtori: naTia guliaSvili<br />

foto: levan xerxeuliZe

Rvinis festivali<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT ori kviris win eTnografiuli muzeumisTvis sateliti<strong>da</strong>n foto ro ga<strong>da</strong>geRo,<br />

Sua saukuneebis banaki gegonebo<strong>da</strong>. SeiZleba kidev ufro Sors wasvla <strong>da</strong> romelime aRmosavleli<br />

<strong>da</strong>mpyroblis laSqrobis dros gaSlil banakze saubaric, magram iq, eTnografiulSi, arc<br />

murvan yru iyo <strong>da</strong> verc grZelfexa edvards mohkravdiT Tvals. im karvebSi, romelic romeli-<br />

Rac qveynis armiis banaks hgav<strong>da</strong>, qarTveli meRvineebi iyvnen <strong>da</strong>binavebulni _ Tavisi naJuriT,<br />

wiTliT <strong>da</strong> TeTriT, wulukiZis TeTraTi <strong>da</strong> usaxelauriT, qvevris <strong>da</strong> qarxnis RviniT...<br />

eWvi mepareba, vinmem ar icodes, raze vlaparakob, magram ar iqneba urigo, Tu mainc gavixsenebT.<br />

ese igi, Sen xar Cemi batoni, eTnografiul muzeumSi `axali Rvinis festivali~ Catar<strong>da</strong>.<br />

eTnografiuls im dRes saqarTvelos yvela kuTxi<strong>da</strong>n ewvivnen meRvineebi. iyvnen didi qarxnebis<br />

warmomadgenlebi TavianTi auareba RviniT, aqauriT <strong>da</strong> iqauriT, mSraliT <strong>da</strong> naxevrad<br />

mSraliT, tkbiliT <strong>da</strong> naxevrad tkbiliT... yvelaze gemrieli ki mainc meRvine ojaxebi iyvnen<br />

TavianTi neqtariT, mama-papis <strong>da</strong>tovebuli tradiciebiT <strong>da</strong> muRamiT, rasac ubralod, mxolod<br />

Rvinis msmeli a<strong>da</strong>miani ver xvdeba. yvela Tavisi Rvinis istorias hyvebo<strong>da</strong>. saubrobdnen teqnologiebze<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva aTas wvrilmanze, rasac mxolod Rvinis smiT ver gaigeb.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, es iyo erTgvari seminari maTTvis, visac Rvino uyvars <strong>da</strong> erTxel mainc<br />

ufiqria, Tavad moevlo venaxisTvis, rTvelSi garjiliyo, <strong>da</strong>ewura <strong>da</strong> bolos <strong>da</strong>elia sakuTari<br />

nawarmi. Tumca, es festivali mainc pirveli Rvinis zeimi iyo saqarTveloSi. Cven gvaxsovs sayovelTao<br />

rTvelebi, ceka-s mdivniT <strong>da</strong>wyebuli dRevandeli prezidentiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli yvela<br />

rom iRebs monawileobas. magram is sxva rame iyo <strong>da</strong> sxva miznebisTvis gaTvlili, romelsac<br />

TavisTavad sxva Sedegi moaqvs. `axali Rvinis festivali~ ki ubralod klasgareSe sakiTxaviviT<br />

iyo, zogadi ganaTlebis ambavSi, romelsac cota SeJuJunebuli Tav-guliT ufro gemrielad<br />

SeigrZnobdi, <strong>da</strong>Rvrili oflis sunsac igrZnobdi, <strong>da</strong>koJril xelebsac <strong>da</strong>afasebdi <strong>da</strong> miwis<br />

madlsac SeigrZnobdi. ar mindo<strong>da</strong>, nametani sadRegrZelosaviT gamomsvlo<strong>da</strong>, magram `Rvinis<br />

klubi~ <strong>da</strong> festivalis partniorebi imisTvis, rac me `eTnografiul muzeumSi~ vnaxe, marTla<br />

erT karg <strong>da</strong> madlian sadRegrZelos imsaxureben.<br />

mimoxilva<br />

avtori: giorgi svaniZe<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 19

mimoxilva<br />

20 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

aris Tu ara oleg timCenkos sfinqsi samkauli<br />

oleg timCenkos, rogorc avtoritetis, es personaluri gamofena saxelwodebiT `sfinqsi _<br />

saganZuris mcveli~ `gala galereaSi~ SeiZleba imTaviTve miviCnioT raRac iracionalur receptad,<br />

socialuri kritikis indikatorad. avangardTan ase <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mxatvari SeuZlebelia<br />

kritikisgan Sors idges. <strong>da</strong> Tu is sakuTar feriebs, sirenebs <strong>da</strong> axla ukve samkaulebs<br />

aseTi xazgasmiT xatavs, es ar aris mxolod silamazis naivuri aRqmis ubraloeba, aramed<br />

SeiZleba ormagi kritikac ki aRmoCndes _ ukve ara mxolod socialuri fonis, aramed TviT im<br />

artistebisken mimarTuli, romlebic <strong>da</strong>usrulebeli konceptualuri gasaCivrebebiT, nihilisturi<br />

reagirebebiT <strong>da</strong> marTlac wmin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> usafuZvlo narcisistuli pozirebiT arian <strong>da</strong>kavebulebi.<br />

oleg timCenkos personaluri gamofena warmatebuli iyo. ar maxsendeba bolo periodSi<br />

gamofenis gaxsnaze mosuli amdeni <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebeli. SeiZleba Tbilisi patara qalaqia, aq<br />

mxolod qarTvelebi cxovroben <strong>da</strong> yvela yvelas icnobs, magram timCenkos gamofenis gaxsnaze<br />

me namdvilad ar vicnobdi yvelas. esec triukia, akeTo iseTi xelovneba, romelic yvelas<br />

moizi<strong>da</strong>vs. aseTi triuki ki niWia _ akritikebde ara aqtivisturad, sworxazovnad, lozungiT<br />

_ aramed ase ironiulad, Sefarulad, <strong>da</strong>xvewilad, impersonalurad. swored am unariT<br />

gax<strong>da</strong> endi uorholi yvelasgan gamorCeuli <strong>da</strong> albaT namdvili avangardis yvelaze utyuari<br />

niSanic es aris. oleg timCenkos skivrebis, beWdebis, mZivebis, gnomebisa <strong>da</strong> sarfiani garigebebis<br />

scenebis es gamofena, rogorc firosmans, Sav fonze aqvs <strong>da</strong>xatuli. <strong>da</strong> iseve, rogorc<br />

niko firosmanTan, an endi uorholTan, aqac figurebi cariel sivrceSi gamokidebuli aplikaciebia<br />

<strong>da</strong> amiT maTi solipsisturi gamovlineba <strong>da</strong>uviwyari <strong>da</strong> STambeW<strong>da</strong>via. oleg timCenkos<br />

es gamofena imiTac aris gamorCeuli, rom aq misi xatvis Zveli xelwera kvlav Zalze uSualod<br />

Cans <strong>da</strong> ar aris <strong>da</strong>tvirTuli raime siuJetze an koncefciaze miniSnebebiT. am suraTebSi<br />

swored oleg timCenkos magiuri konturebis xazi <strong>da</strong> am xazebis palitraa erT-erTi mTavari<br />

gzavnili.<br />

diax, saqme swored piriqiTaa, avangardSi xelovneba samkauli ar aris, Tun<strong>da</strong>c naxatSi samkauli<br />

exatos _ <strong>da</strong> kargad rom <strong>da</strong>ukvirde, mas verc gamoiyeneb. aseTi, TiTqmis SeumCneveli<br />

ironiis mqone mxatvaria oleg timCenko. is mixv<strong>da</strong>, ras elodebian a<strong>da</strong>mianebi mxatvrobisgan<br />

<strong>da</strong> maT am <strong>da</strong>xatuli samkaulebiviT ZviradRirebul poezias sTavazobs.<br />

`gala galerea~ sul axlaxan gaixsna <strong>da</strong> misma mflobelma <strong>da</strong> kuratorma dedika buliam ukve<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo im niSis Seqmna, rac SeiZleba axal, ufro ukeTes <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaxurebul epoqasac uqaddes<br />

saqarTvelos samxatvro kulturas. es galerea xazgasmiT, ukompromisod <strong>da</strong> eleganturad warmoadgens<br />

maRali gemovnebis Tanamedrove mxatvrobas <strong>da</strong> misi uaxlesi istoriis Seqmnas iwyebs.<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

foto: irina xuciSvili

mimoxilva<br />

istoriuli reversi<br />

sapnis aromatiT<br />

avtori: naTia guliaSvili<br />

foto: Tako robaqiZe<br />

rusTavelis Teatris eqsperimentul scenaze ivnisamde<br />

proeqt `axali talRis~ piesebi iqneba warmodgenili.<br />

Teatris magistrant studentebs `Ria<br />

sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ konkursSi gasuli am<br />

proeqtis farglebSi 10 axalgazr<strong>da</strong> qarTveli dramaturgis<br />

piesa scenaze ga<strong>da</strong>aqvT.<br />

`sapnis opusi~ 10 piesi<strong>da</strong>n erT-erTia, romelic<br />

dramaturg <strong>da</strong>To gabunias ekuTvnis, reJisori ki maka<br />

nacvliSvilia. dramaturgisTvis es rigiT mesame namuSevaria.<br />

erTmoqmedebiani drama-komediis uvertiura Teatris<br />

gverdiTa Sesasvleli<strong>da</strong>n iwyeba, sa<strong>da</strong>c germaneli<br />

oficris formaSi gamowyobili qali mkacrad<br />

gafrTxilebT, rom telefonebi gamorToT <strong>da</strong> gaxsovdeT,<br />

saaTisa <strong>da</strong> 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi Senobas ver<br />

<strong>da</strong>tovebT. mere ki bneli gvirabis gavliT, romelic<br />

Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan labirinTis saxes iRebs <strong>da</strong> sul ufro Rrmad,<br />

sar<strong>da</strong>fisken CahyavxarT, farniT xelSi migiZRvebaT.<br />

lamis 5-wuTiani mogzaurobis Semdeg, sarepeticio<br />

oTaxs miadgebiT, speqtaklis scenad rom<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>uqmniaT. oTaxis karTan ki kontroliori yvelas<br />

saTiTaod gkiTxavT `qarTveli xar?~ <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>debiTi<br />

pasuxis SemTxvevaSi wiTel beWeds gasvamT mtevanze.<br />

22 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

amgvarad, mayurebelic am jurRmulis erT-erTi tusaRi<br />

xdeba, romelsac arc fanjara aqvs, arc gana-<br />

Teba, mxolod scenis siRrmeSi, ukana kedels wiTeli<br />

Suqi anaTebs <strong>da</strong> mis fonze Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan arCevT 3 sxeuls.<br />

qalebi oTaxSi auCqareblad <strong>da</strong> umisamarToT <strong>da</strong>borialeben.<br />

moqmedeba 1953 wels viTardeba, meore msoflio<br />

omis Semdeg 7 welia gasuli, Tumca aq istoriuli<br />

realoba Tav<strong>da</strong>yira dgas. 1945 wlis gamarjvebuli nacisturi<br />

germaniaa, stalini tyveobaSi hyavT. cisfer-<br />

Tvala, qeraTmiani germanelebi TavianTi janmrTeli,<br />

ariuli rasis gasamravleblad abasTumnis sakoncentracio<br />

banakad ga<strong>da</strong>keTebul observatoriaSi <strong>da</strong>tusaRebul<br />

qarTvel qalebs aupatiureben <strong>da</strong> eqsperimentebs<br />

atareben.<br />

am abzacis Semdeg uTuod gagaxsendebo<strong>da</strong>T kventin<br />

tarantinos swored meore msoflio omis Temaze parodireba<br />

filmSi `usaxelo nabiWvrebi~.<br />

sakoncentracio banakis erT oTaxSi 4 mTavari gmiri<br />

qali cxovrobs. nestani, medea, qeTevani <strong>da</strong> salome.<br />

saxelebs literaturuli personaJebi<strong>da</strong>n iReben,<br />

albaT imitom, rom mayurebelma maTi saqarTvelos-<br />

Tan identifikaciis SegrZneba ar <strong>da</strong>kargos. scenis

mTeli dekoracia 4 logini <strong>da</strong> maT Tavze <strong>da</strong>kidebuli<br />

naTurebia. qalebs sakoncentracio banakis stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli<br />

forma _ moSxamuli iisferi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nomrili kabebi<br />

acviaT. amgvari gaformeba gabunias speqtaklebisTvis<br />

uCveulo araa <strong>da</strong> karnavalur kostiumebiT,<br />

dekoraciebiT <strong>da</strong> paTetikuri yviril-SeZaxilebiT<br />

gajerebul qarTul Teatralur sivrceSi, es namdvilad<br />

minimalisturi arCevania. samagierod, aq mTeli<br />

<strong>da</strong>tvirTva teqstze modis, rac avtorisTvis mniSvnelovania,<br />

dramaturgias dialogebiTa <strong>da</strong> monologebiT<br />

aviTarebs <strong>da</strong> zogjer sxva literaturuli teqstebis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>TamaSebasac mimarTavs.<br />

oTxive gmiri sakuTari `solo~ monologiT ixsenebs<br />

arcTu Soreul warsuls, germaniasTan <strong>da</strong>marcxebamdel<br />

saqarTvelos, mSoblebs, sayvarel a<strong>da</strong>mians,<br />

romelic germanelebma <strong>da</strong>xvrites, an romelmac im<br />

mizeziT miatova, rom colad maSindeli kulturis<br />

ministris grigol robaqiZis qaliSvili falestra SeerTo.<br />

istoriul sinamdvileSi `falestras~ avtors<br />

<strong>da</strong> faSizmiT gatacebul robaqiZes speqtaklSi germaniis<br />

imperia am TanamdebobiT asaCuqrebs.<br />

imperias arc im qarTveli dedebis gmirobis wodebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>jildoeba enaneba, romelTa saSoc erTgulad<br />

emsaxureba arielebis gamravlebis saqmes. Tumca Cveni<br />

oTxeulisTvis es gmiroba sasjeli <strong>da</strong> tanjvaa, radgan<br />

amis gamo qarTvelebi maT moRalateebad Tvlian<br />

<strong>da</strong> ician, mtris msaxurebas aRarasodes apatieben. qalebs<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis gamosyidva arc im protestis gamoxatviT<br />

SeuZliaT, romelsac mTeli saqarTvelo<br />

moucavs. saqme isaa, rom germanelebi sakoncentra-<br />

cio banakebSi qarTvelebis muclis qonisgan sapons<br />

amzadeben <strong>da</strong> xalxs urigeben. tyveebi ki ormag winaaRmdegobaSi<br />

vardebian, erTi mxriv, maT mtris binZuri<br />

Teslis CamoSoreba <strong>da</strong> amiT <strong>da</strong>orsulebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acileba surT, meore mxriv ki, kargad ician sapnis<br />

Semadgeneli ingredientebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>banaze uaris TqmiT<br />

cdiloben SeinarCunon qarTveloba. es pasaJi ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

dramatulia scenis realobaSi, imdenadve komikuria<br />

qarTul kulturul <strong>da</strong> socialur konteqstSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> `qarTuli Rirsebis SenarCunebis~ ritorikis parodias<br />

warmoadgens.<br />

qalebis mdgomareoba Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan gausaZlisi xdeba,<br />

yvela maTgani fiqrobs TviTmkvlelobaze, magram banakSi<br />

oTaxebs fanjrebi ar aqvs, Weri ki miuwvdomlad<br />

maRalia <strong>da</strong> arc raime nivTi moepovebaT, rom sxeuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>izianon. kulminaciur momentSi maTi mxsneli saponi<br />

aRmoCndeba, roca afeqtSi myofi erT-erTi tusaRi<br />

mamebis, Zmebis <strong>da</strong> qmrebis qonisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebul sapnis<br />

did maragSi gaSmagebiT eZebs sakuTar gulisswors <strong>da</strong><br />

`poulobs~, mere wylis kasrSi dgeba <strong>da</strong> esiyvaruleba.<br />

kvanZis gaxsna misi bolo moqmedebaa _ qali patara<br />

WurWels nabani sapniani wyliT avsebs <strong>da</strong> sulmouTqmelad<br />

gamoclis. <strong>sxvebi</strong>c mas baZaven.<br />

maSin, roca omis <strong>da</strong> qalis Temaze qarTuli xelovneba<br />

qalis, rogorc gmiris <strong>da</strong> namdvili vaJkacebis<br />

aRmzrdeli dedis saxis SeqmniT Semoifargleba, `sapnis<br />

opusi~ istoriis erTi nawilis gayalbebiT, im gacilebiT<br />

mtkivneul magram uxilav mxares eZebs <strong>da</strong><br />

gvaCvenebs, romelic SeiZleba sulac ar dgas realobisgan<br />

Zalian Sors.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 23

ecenzia<br />

mieciT qmari ninis...<br />

<strong>da</strong> `vardisferi neorealizmi~ tanjul mayurebels<br />

rogorc iqna!.. wvalebiT<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli filmebi omze,<br />

siduxWireze, narkomanebze,<br />

qurdebze, umuSevrebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva aTasi juris ubedurebaze<br />

optimisturma<br />

`ocnebis qalaqma~ erT kviraSi<br />

gaabaTila. rogorc<br />

amboben, filmma kinogaqiravebas<br />

ukve rekorduli<br />

Semosavali moutana. warmatebul<br />

prodiusers (marto<br />

rene harlinis `jorjia~<br />

rad Rirs!), yoCaR klipmeikers<br />

(fsous wyalic xom<br />

gaxsovT?) <strong>da</strong> axla `ocnebis qalaqiT~ Tu vimsjelebT, komerciul<br />

reJisors _ <strong>da</strong>viT ime<strong>da</strong>Svils didi Sansi aqvs,<br />

qarTul depresiul `neorealizmze~ erTi mardi <strong>da</strong> msubuqi<br />

xelis <strong>da</strong>kvriT amaRldes. aba, qalaqi tyuila<strong>da</strong>a ase<br />

ganaTebuli, xolo saaxalwlod rusTavelze iluminaciis<br />

mauwyebeli WaRebi ubralod <strong>da</strong>kides? an `pe-es-pe~ marto<br />

`Cveni ojaxis afTiaqi~ xom ar iqneba?.. aucilebelia,<br />

cota ram saqmian burJuziasac <strong>da</strong>rCes gasarTobad.<br />

yvelaferi, rac ime<strong>da</strong>Svilis imediT, saaxalwlod Se-<br />

Txzul `ocnebis qalaqSia~ _ saqmianad mibnedili Sorena<br />

begaSvilis xarisxiani TeTreuliT (xanac `SaveuliT~) <strong>da</strong>wyebuli,<br />

`naiT ofisSi~ momzadebuli alublis koqteilebiT,<br />

Tu finalSi momlodined gaocebuli maia asaTianis<br />

reaqciiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli _ `vardisferi cxovrebis~<br />

mZafrad gamoxatul iluzias ukavSirdeba. rogorc Cans,<br />

amaod verCodiT Tavis droze sazogadoebriv mauwyebels<br />

`vardisferi gzis~ gamo. masze axla ukve nac-moZraobiT<br />

waxalisebuli axalgazr<strong>da</strong> reJisori, <strong>da</strong>viT ime<strong>da</strong>Svili,<br />

dramaturg beso solomonaSvilis TiTqmis zomieri iumoris<br />

xarjze miabijebs. <strong>da</strong> jguf `mgzavrebis~ eniT Tu<br />

melodiiT gvamcnobs: `Cven avaSenebT ocnebis qalaqs~.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, bevrs sjera kidec am iluzoruli qalaqmSeneblobis,<br />

Tumca spa-salonebSi `natanji~ gogonebiviT<br />

<strong>da</strong>mcinavad amboben, rom `oficiantic a<strong>da</strong>miania~.<br />

rac Seexeba Tavad oficiant sandros (arCil soloRaSvili<br />

filmSi yvelasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT namdvilad msaxiobia),<br />

erTi morcxvi biWia, romelic prestiJul barSi muSaobs<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamoucnobi niWis mqone milioneri Sefis (duta sxirtlaZe)<br />

londoni<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>brunebuli qaliSvili nini (nanka<br />

kalatoziSvili) Seuyvardeba. grZnobebSi vergarkveuli<br />

ninis ki amasobaSi Soumeni <strong>da</strong> mamikos `oqros biWi~ (paata<br />

papuaSvili) cudi zraxvebiT umiznebs...<br />

`lirikuli komedia dramis elementebiT~ imdenad ba-<br />

24 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />

naluri <strong>da</strong> sworxazovania,<br />

rom mas verc gamocdili<br />

dramaturgis Selamazeba,<br />

verc feradovnebaze gamecadinebuli<br />

operatoris<br />

optimizmi <strong>da</strong> verc jguf<br />

`mgzavrebis” a<strong>da</strong>mianureTnografiuli<br />

lirizmi<br />

Svelis. Tanac, `hepi endis~<br />

logika <strong>da</strong> holivuduri<br />

finali moiTxovs, rom<br />

niWier, magram upatrono<br />

musikosebs merii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>mxmare<br />

gamouCndeT (bolos<br />

<strong>da</strong> bolos, mudmivad bnel<br />

<strong>da</strong> civ sa<strong>da</strong>rbazoebSi, an saxuravze xom ar <strong>da</strong>ukraven?),<br />

xolo morcxvi <strong>da</strong> wesieri oficianti, romelic saWiro<br />

SemTxvevaSi barmenis fantaziiTacaa <strong>da</strong>jildoebuli, milioneri<br />

<strong>da</strong> lamis qarafSuta gogos siyvaruliT <strong>da</strong>jildovdes.<br />

rasakvirvelia, ocnebis winaaRmdegi, ufro zustad,<br />

rac ocneba-imedis kinematografiul xatebs ukavSirdeba,<br />

aravinaa. ubralod, CvenTan SeTxzuli `vardisferi<br />

neorealizmi~ (giga aglaZis TiTqmis xelovnuri `gogona<br />

slaidi<strong>da</strong>n~, plus <strong>da</strong>viT ime<strong>da</strong>Svilis optimisturi `ocnebis<br />

qalaqi~) gacilebiT energiulad aRorZin<strong>da</strong>, vidre<br />

moklevadiani `neorealizmi~ gaixareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> fesvebs gaidgam<strong>da</strong><br />

(levan TuTberiZis `mogzauroba yarabaRSi~, aleko<br />

cabaZis `rusuli samkuTxedi~, levan koRuaSvilis `quCis<br />

dReebi~). Tumca, italiurisagan gansxvavebiT, jer mokr-<br />

Zalebuli Sedevrebi verc fera<strong>da</strong>d vixileT <strong>da</strong> verc<br />

aqromatul ganzomilebaSi. kino siyvaruliviTaa: `cota<br />

xniT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargo, rom mere mixvde, ra <strong>da</strong>karge~...<br />

sxvaTa Soris, am frazas filmSi swored Seyvarebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> imedgacruebuli oficianti ambobs, romlis lirikuli<br />

melanqolia <strong>da</strong> mokrZalebuli socialuri statusi<br />

(xelmocaruli msaxiobi mama, lamis <strong>da</strong>ngreuli bina Zvel<br />

TbilisSi <strong>da</strong> musikosi megobrebi) erTaderTi bunebrivi<br />

gamonaTebaa. <strong>da</strong>narCeni sofitebis xelovnur Suqze, dizainerisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mxatvris mier arcTu koxtad gaformebul<br />

Ramis barebsa <strong>da</strong> spa-salonebSi gaTamaSebul `modelirebul<br />

dramas~ hgavs... lirikuli komediis elementebiT.<br />

magram optimistur sasowarkveTaSi ar CavardeT. afi-<br />

Sebi qarTuli kinos aRorZinebas isev gvamcnoben <strong>da</strong> mais-<br />

Si ramaz CaCavas inglisuri saxelwodebis mqone filmze<br />

_ Spam-ze gvepatiJebian. oRond iq auzebi, grZelfexeba<br />

gogoebi <strong>da</strong> Sampanuri ar iqneba. mistikur trilerSi gar<strong>da</strong>cvlilTa<br />

sulebis `gamoZaxeba~ geliT.

37<br />

avtori: gigi gule<strong>da</strong>ni<br />

gamomdinare iqi<strong>da</strong>n, rom gasuli Tve sayovelTao si-<br />

Zulvilis Tved gamocxad<strong>da</strong>, saWirod CavTvale, gamomeqveynebina<br />

angariSi, romelSic ruseTSi Cemi bolo vizitis<br />

ramdenime garemoebas Sevexebodi.<br />

moskovSi Cemi wasvla `bolo wams~ ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sul vfiqrobdi,<br />

_ netavi Tu SeiZleba Cvens droSic (antiteroristul<br />

procedurebs vgulisxmob) aeroportSi naxevari<br />

saaTiT adre gamocxadeba-meTqi; miT umetes, kargad maxsovs,<br />

sami Tvis win rogor gamWedes 8 saaTiT CikagoSi<br />

aviaxazebis ugemovnod Cacmulma gogoebma, maiamis reisze<br />

sul raRac ormoc<strong>da</strong>xuTi wuTiT adre misvlisTvis.<br />

magram bolos mainc wavedi.<br />

imis gamo, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi <strong>da</strong>vibade <strong>da</strong> rusulic<br />

kargad vici, moskovSi Tavi ucxoelad ar migrZvnia (me<br />

mapatieT). rac ar un<strong>da</strong> igeslebodnen televiziebi leninis<br />

mumiasa <strong>da</strong> moskovSi stalinis kultis reabilitaciaze,<br />

quCaSi TxuTmetwuTiani gaseirnebac ki sakmarisia, rom<br />

<strong>da</strong>askvna _ sabWoTa moskovs <strong>da</strong>bruneba aRar uweria. es<br />

Cveulebrivi msoflio megapolisia <strong>da</strong> erTaderTi Zafi,<br />

romelic sabWoTa moqalaqeebis bolo Taobas masTan<br />

gvakavSirebs, ukve gamqrali sabWoTa yofierebis ganc<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> skolaSi naswavli rusuli enaa. am Zafis gawyvetac<br />

drois ambavia, <strong>da</strong> vidre es moxdeba, SegiZliaT <strong>da</strong>tkbeT<br />

gamqral civilizaciasTan ziarebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis gancdiT.<br />

jer kidev TviTmfrinavSi <strong>da</strong>viwye fantazioroba: ai,<br />

moskovSi SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>-meTqi `mament~ gadmosvla sacxovreblad,<br />

<strong>da</strong> warmovidgine, rogor veubnebi kioskis gamyidvels<br />

iqaur gancxadebebis gazeTze: `Газету объявлении,<br />

пожалуйста~, romelsac Semdeg metros eskalatorze wavikiTxavdi.<br />

Cemi azriT, swored aseTi un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo namdvili<br />

moskovuri samuSao dRis <strong>da</strong>sasruli.<br />

fiqrebi<strong>da</strong>n eskalatorze CarTulma niusebma gamomarkvia:<br />

`Сегодня на Киевском проспекте, в торговом центре<br />

произошел несчастный случай, при котором пострадавший<br />

потерял девять из десяти пальцев. Как ни странно, он не подал в<br />

суд на администрацию~...<br />

metro<strong>da</strong>n swrafadve amovedi imitom, rom erT `enjeoSnikur~<br />

simpoziumze magviandebo<strong>da</strong> (risTvisac saerTod<br />

wavedi kidec moskovSi, amjerad). `suxoi paioki~ <strong>da</strong> fuli<br />

organizatorebma aeroportSi <strong>da</strong>xvedrisTanave <strong>da</strong>vgi-<br />

komentari<br />

riges. `paioki~ iyo gemrieli <strong>da</strong> odnav depresiuli. iqve<br />

CavkbiCe erTi cali burito (meqsikuri burito moskovSi<br />

sul sxva bazaria), gverdiT mdgom ukrainel gogos gavu-<br />

Rime <strong>da</strong> piramovsebulma odnav uxerxuli ClifiniT vu-<br />

Txari: `Как говориться, _ marto kaci WamaSiac braliao~...<br />

ase <strong>da</strong>iwyo Cemi moskovuri voiaJi.<br />

sastumroSi, sanam abazana wyliT ivsebo<strong>da</strong>, saabazano<br />

oTaxis did fanjarasTan videqi <strong>da</strong> gareT viyurebodi.<br />

fanjri<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>Slili panorama TbilisSi, Cemi aivni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

nucubiZis platos xeds magoneb<strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c uklebliv yvela<br />

korpuss svamdnen mTlianad lurj SuSebSi, romlebzec mze<br />

ireklebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, ris gamoc, plato seulis centrs hgav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mere gamoverkvie <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vakvirdi, rom abazanis fanjri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

aseve Can<strong>da</strong> badeebiT SemosazRvruli ezo stadioniT.<br />

gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, sastumros konsierJi meubnebo<strong>da</strong>, _ es swored<br />

is ezoa, sa<strong>da</strong>c film `kurieris~ <strong>da</strong>skvniTi scenaa ga<strong>da</strong>-<br />

Rebulio. is gulisxmob<strong>da</strong> epizods, romelSic Sebindebisas<br />

jari<strong>da</strong>n axlad <strong>da</strong>brunebuli jariskaci ezoSi moyiale<br />

Tineijerebs akvirdeba. `kurieri~ imdenad didi xnis<br />

win mqon<strong>da</strong> nanaxi, rom verc es scena aRvidgine <strong>da</strong> verc<br />

is gavixsene, ratom un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>srulebuliyo Tavisi drois<br />

erT-erTi sakulto rusuli filmi sasowarkveTili jariskacis<br />

saxiT.<br />

sanam fanjri<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>Slil panoramas vakvirdebodi,<br />

<strong>da</strong>bind<strong>da</strong>, sai<strong>da</strong>nRac gaZlier<strong>da</strong> oTxmocianebis old school<br />

musika <strong>da</strong> ezoSi gamosvla <strong>da</strong>iwyo axalgazrdebis Wrelma<br />

`tusovkam~. maT Soris iyo sastumro<strong>da</strong>n gamosuli Cemi<br />

simpoziumis `sastavic~. maT <strong>da</strong>naxvaze, abazanis onkani <strong>da</strong>vkete<br />

<strong>da</strong> mec gareT gavedi.<br />

musika ukve Zalian xmamaRla ukrav<strong>da</strong>. stadionis kideSi<br />

Cadgmul ludis jixurTan idga Zveli sabWoTa macivari<br />

`dnepri~, zustad iseTi, rogoric saxlSi maqvs. ise hgav<strong>da</strong><br />

nakawrebiTac, rom raRac momenti vifiqre, _ Cemi xom ar<br />

aris-meTqi, _ mis gverdiT <strong>da</strong>vdeqi <strong>da</strong> xalxs <strong>da</strong>vakvirdi.<br />

moskovis transformaciaSi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulma gaocebiT aRvniSne,<br />

rom `kurieris~ ezos mixedviT Tu vimsjelebdiT,<br />

80-ianebis Semdeg aq bevri arc araferi Secvlila. videqi<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tineijerebs vuyurebdi, roca uceb viRacam gamwia, macivris<br />

kari gamoaRo <strong>da</strong> civi ludi amoiRo. mere meore<br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n sxvam gamwia uxeSad <strong>da</strong> imanac ludi aiRo. xalxi,<br />

or-ori, sam-samkaciani jgufebiT elaparakebo<strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs.<br />

idga saSineli aurzauri, ismo<strong>da</strong> magari breiq-<strong>da</strong>nsis<br />

musika, wkrialeb<strong>da</strong> ludis boTlebi <strong>da</strong> ganuwyvetliv ajaxunebdnen<br />

Zveli macivris kars.<br />

gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, rom simpoziumis Power Point-is prezentaciisTvis<br />

un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mexe<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> nomerSi avbrundi. abazanis<br />

wyali idealur temperaturamde gagrilebuliyo <strong>da</strong> masSi<br />

Cawolisas vfiqrobdi, rom rac im wuTas ezoSi vnaxe, albaT<br />

ar iyo specialurad <strong>da</strong>dgmuli, magram erTi-erTze<br />

hgav<strong>da</strong> `kurieris~ finalur scenas, mniSvnelovani detalis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> _ ezoSi ar SemimCnevia demobilizebuli, sasowarkveTili<br />

jariskaci, romlis saxec bolo ramaa, rasac<br />

am filmSi titrebis wamosvlamde xe<strong>da</strong>v.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 25

komentari<br />

avtori: basa janikaSvili<br />

tendenciuri gmirebis<br />

aRlumi<br />

avtori: basa janikaSvili<br />

nuRar uyureb Wers,<br />

Tu ar uSveli Tavs,<br />

aravin gagiRebs kars.<br />

irakli Carkviani<br />

ra gansxvavebaa iranis islamur respublikasa <strong>da</strong> saqar-<br />

Tvelos demokratiul respublikas Soris? iranSi akrZalulia<br />

azartuli TamaSebi _ ubralo saTamaSo kartsac<br />

ver iyidi. saqarTveloSi yovel fexis nabijze saTamaSo<br />

avtomatebi <strong>da</strong> samorineebia. iranSi mandilosnebi xijabs,<br />

anu Tavsafars atareben, saqarTveloSi qalbatonebs naxevrad<br />

Cacmulebs SeuZliaT siaruli, Tu, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />

figura amis saSualebas miscems. iranSi misalmebisas qals<br />

xels ver CamoarTmev, akrZalulia. saqarTveloSi SegiZlia,<br />

Sua rusTavelze welSi Seuvarde. TeiranSi, iranis amJamindel<br />

de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi, SesamCnevad cota meCeTia. TbilisSi ki,<br />

saqarTvelos de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi, sagrZnoblad bevri eklesiaa. es<br />

CamonaTvali usasrulod SegviZlia gavweloT. gansxvaveba<br />

marTlac bevria.<br />

ukve meramdene arCevnebia, araerTi politikuri partiis<br />

sareklamo klipSi patriarqis saxelis gamoyeneba midis. me<br />

amas spekulacias <strong>da</strong>varqmevdi, ufro rbilad Tu vityviT _<br />

manipulacias. ukanaskneli TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli<br />

saarCevno kampaniebis analizma mafiqrebina, rom<br />

es ukve Seuqcevadi procesia. es SemTxveviTi ar aris. politikosebi<br />

Tvlian, radgan saqarTvelos patriarqi udidesi<br />

avtoritetiT sargeblobs, uwmindesis reitingis ra-<br />

Rac procentebis madli maTac SexvdebaT. es ase iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom ara _ erTi detali. rodesac patriarqis saxels bevri<br />

politikuri subieqti erTdroulad iyenebs, xdeba Tavad<br />

procesis devalvacia; ara patriarqis saxelisa <strong>da</strong> avtoritetis,<br />

aramed procesis gaufasureba. Sedegad, patriarqis<br />

saxelis gamoyenebiT verc erTi politikuri partia ver<br />

aRwevs sasurvel Sedegs. politikuri warmatebisTvis es<br />

aRar kmara.<br />

Tu ase gagrZel<strong>da</strong>, ramdenime weliwadSi, SesaZloa, sa-<br />

26 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

foto: naTia guliaSvili<br />

qarTvelos patriarqi romelime firmis abrazec vixiloT.<br />

magaliTad: <strong>da</strong>lieT Tbilisis wyali, am wyals patriarqi<br />

svams; an kidev: CaerTeT Cvens qselSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>urekeT Tqvens<br />

moZRvars yvelaze <strong>da</strong>bali tarifiT. SesaZloa patriarqis<br />

<strong>da</strong> sapatriarqos arapir<strong>da</strong>piri reklamac. magaliTad, ai,<br />

ase: mobrZandiT kazino `bedisweraSi~, moigeT milioni <strong>da</strong><br />

mogebis aTi procenti sapatriarqoSi ga<strong>da</strong>ricxeT. ra, Zalian<br />

ararealurs vwer? sakmarisia romelime `morwmune~<br />

biznesmenma gariskos, pirvelma ga<strong>da</strong>dgas nabiji <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />

aseTi saxis reklamebi walekavs televiziebsa <strong>da</strong> radios,<br />

presasa <strong>da</strong> internets, quCasa <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>rbazoebs.<br />

Sedegad ras miviRebT? farisevlobas <strong>da</strong> ara _ rwmenas,<br />

siyalbes <strong>da</strong> ara _ simarTles.<br />

<strong>da</strong> iciT ra? es rom mxolod araswori sareklamo strategiis<br />

Tema iyos, yuradRebas saerTod ar gavamaxvilebdi.<br />

me ufro saSiS tendencias vxe<strong>da</strong>v. es aris qveynis `gamar-<br />

Tlmadideblebis~ araswori forma.<br />

wignis prezentaciis viTom CaSla, telekompania `kavkasiaSi~<br />

momx<strong>da</strong>ri Cxubi, arafrismTqmeli internet klubi `me<br />

miyvars Cemi patriarqi~, <strong>da</strong> piriqiT _ fsevdoalternatiuli<br />

klipi patriarqis `monawileobiT~. iseTi STabeWdileba<br />

mrCeba, TiTqos media (yvela saxis) mxolod imitom arsebobs,<br />

rom rac SeiZleba metad <strong>da</strong>amaxinjos ise<strong>da</strong>c lamazi<br />

sulebi. nuTu, iseTi ususuria sazogadoeba, rom sulier<br />

SimSils am lukmiT ivsebs?<br />

Cven realuri problemebi gvaqvs <strong>da</strong> amas Tvali un<strong>da</strong><br />

gavusworoT. un<strong>da</strong> vaRiaroT, rom qarTvelebi erTmaneTs<br />

ver vitanT. Cven gviyvars mxolod simRera <strong>da</strong> galoba mravalxmiani.<br />

erTmaneTi gvezizReba <strong>da</strong> erTi suli gvaqvs, rom<br />

CavqoloT, Seuracxyofa mivayenoT, <strong>da</strong>vCagroT. Cven guli<br />

gvereva erTmaneTze kafeebsa <strong>da</strong> restornebSi, skolebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

baRebSi, institutebsa <strong>da</strong> kolejebSi, qorwilebsa <strong>da</strong> wveulebebSi,<br />

samsaxurebsa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis TavSeyris adgilebSi,<br />

quCasa <strong>da</strong> transportSi, teleSouebsa <strong>da</strong> presis furclebze.<br />

Cvens saxeze mxolod zizRia. usuldgmulo zizRi.<br />

magram, es naxevari `bednierebaa~. imitom, rom erTmaneTze<br />

metad Cven gvezizReba afxazebi, osebi, somxebi, rusebi,<br />

azerbaijanelebi <strong>da</strong> qurTebi. nu vmalavT, xmamaRla vTqvaT<br />

es! guli gvereva cisferebze <strong>da</strong> vardisferebze, Savebze<br />

<strong>da</strong> yviTlebze. Cven gvezizReba prezidenti <strong>da</strong> parlamenti,<br />

opozicia <strong>da</strong> radikaluri opozicia, `rusTavi 2~ <strong>da</strong> `imedi~,<br />

`maestro~ <strong>da</strong> `kavkasia~. Cveni neba rom iyos, mxolod<br />

naTesavebis mcire jgufs <strong>da</strong> saZmakacos <strong>da</strong>vtovebdiT cocxlad.<br />

Cveni neba rom iyos, ramden rames <strong>da</strong>vuSavebdiT<br />

sakuTar Tavs... Cven viRviZebT gulis reviT <strong>da</strong> viZinebT<br />

sakuTar narwyevSi. vaRiaroT es <strong>da</strong> gavTavisufldebiT.<br />

Cven vnaxeT, rom axali reJimis mosvlis Semdeg demokratiis<br />

xarisxma iklo. oriaTas samSi cota Tu ifiqreb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom ase, erTi xelis mosmiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong> Tavisufali<br />

telekompaniebis arseboba. rodesac dRes gvayvedrian, rom<br />

ramdenime televizia, radio <strong>da</strong> uamravi <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli gazeTi<br />

arsebobs, aviwydebaT, rom Cven es brZoliT movipoveT<br />

<strong>da</strong> SevinarCuneT. rom ar gvebrZola, dRes arc erTi

ar gveqnebo<strong>da</strong>. viqnebodiT Cveni bevri mezobeli qveynis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rad.<br />

Tavisufali presa ase Tu ise <strong>da</strong>vicaviT, magram axla Cveni<br />

sulis <strong>da</strong>cvis droa.<br />

amitom mogviwevs brZola TavisuflebisaTvis. Cven<strong>da</strong><br />

uneburad, im mdinareSi SevdivarT, romelic ga<strong>da</strong>laxuli<br />

gvegona. brZola ucodinarobis, agresiis, fsevdomarTlmadideblobis<br />

koniunqturasTan, mogviwevs axali frontis<br />

xazis gaxsna. im xazis, romelic gvegona, rom aRar arsebobs.<br />

mogviwevs fsevdoliberalebTan brZola, Cumad rom<br />

isxdnen, rodesac oriaTas cxra wlis aprilSi xelketebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sdevdnen, scemdnen <strong>da</strong> erCodnen momitingeebs (aRarafers<br />

vambob sxva TariRebze). mogviwevs fsevdomarTlmadideblebis<br />

agresiis <strong>da</strong> ZaliT liberalebis pasiurobis<br />

lokaluris Zaladoba<br />

avtori: paata Samugia<br />

bexuanosebi cxovels rom moklavdnen, mere bodiSs<br />

uxdidnen. es mniSvnelovani rituali iyo, romelic ise-<br />

Tive mondomebiT xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong>, rogorc Tavad nadiroba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, cxovelisTvis veraferi Sveba<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, samagierod, bexuanosebisTvis es aqti erTgvari<br />

kaTarzisi iyo, agresiis makompensirebeli, <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

gamosyidvis sakraluri momenti, romelic miTologiuri<br />

akribiiT gaamagres.<br />

aqvT Tu ara moralis agresiul guSagebs msgavsi rituali,<br />

rodesac <strong>da</strong>naSaulis gacnobierebis momenti dgeba?<br />

iqneb es momenti arc dgeba? vin arian isini? pasiuri mrevli,<br />

romelic mxolod lideris TiTis <strong>da</strong>qnevaze aqtiurdeba<br />

<strong>da</strong> xalxs fizikurad uswordeba? ritorikuli ki-<br />

Txvebia. TiTqmis.<br />

uxamsobaa, iyo pasiuri, pirovnuli identobis gaucnobiereblad<br />

emsaxurebode kvlavwarmoebas, genofondis<br />

Wirveul konstitucias, xe<strong>da</strong>vde politkoreqtul<br />

sizmrebs, aTvalierebde realobas specialurad SenTvis<br />

gamoyofili WuWrutani<strong>da</strong>n, sai<strong>da</strong>nac moCans morfologiuri<br />

kentavri: media-mrevli. <strong>da</strong> iyo kmayofili.<br />

ar vapireb kulturologiuri diskursebis gafiltvras<br />

foto: no<strong>da</strong>r cxviraSvili<br />

komentari<br />

winaaRmdeg galaSqreba. rodesac pirvelni meorenis saqmiT<br />

arian <strong>da</strong>kavebulni <strong>da</strong> meoreni _ pirvelnis. marTlac, Tav<strong>da</strong>yira<br />

dgas saqarTveloSi yvelaferi. `marTlmadideblebi~<br />

ibrZvian <strong>da</strong> `liberalebi~ loculoben.<br />

Tu Tavisuflad azrovneba gvin<strong>da</strong>, Cveni Svilebis laRi<br />

momavali, Tu gvin<strong>da</strong> gvqondes arCevanis ufleba _ icodeT,<br />

rom es TavisiT ar modis. wels es <strong>da</strong>sacavia, momavalSi,<br />

SesaZloa, Tavi<strong>da</strong>n iyos mosapovebeli.<br />

magram, riT hgavs irani <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelo erTmaneTs _ pirvel<br />

rigSi, istoriis saTuTi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>metebuli siyvaruliT,<br />

erovnuli Rirsebis upiratesobiT, rasis prioritetulobis<br />

gancdiT, saxelisuflo reJimiT, opoziciuri gamosvlebiT,<br />

reformebis surviliT, <strong>da</strong> rac mTavaria _ iranelebic<br />

<strong>da</strong> qarTvelebic cvlilebebis molodinSi arian.<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebis Camoyras, amisaTvis zedmetad Tavm<strong>da</strong>bali<br />

var; imdenad Tavm<strong>da</strong>bali, rom ministris Svilic ki ar<br />

var. Sesabamisad, Cemi yoveldRiuri transporti yviTeli,<br />

karga xnis win Camosaweri avtobusia, sai<strong>da</strong>nac ukeT mo-<br />

Cans saqarTvelo, qarTveli sazogadoeba. mgzavruli Temebis<br />

mravalferovan <strong>da</strong> faqtobrivad usasrulo cikls<br />

am dReebSi ilias universitetis Tema Seemata. „saidumlo<br />

sirobis“ gamoqveynebis Semdeg ilias universiteti ramdenimedRiani<br />

aqciebis talRaSi mohyva. marTalia, aqciebi <strong>da</strong><br />

mitingebi saqarTveloSi vis ukvirs, magram iyo aq raRac<br />

sxva, raRac Taviseburi <strong>da</strong> Zalian, Zalian niSandoblivi:<br />

erT mxares idgnen anonimuri RmerTebis guSagebi, mointeligento<br />

reliqtebi, sakuTar hormonebze amxedrebuli<br />

graalis mcvelebi, romlebic muStiT avrcelebdnen<br />

„rwmenas“, „zneobas“, <strong>da</strong> meore mxares _ cenzuris mowinaaRmdege,<br />

<strong>da</strong>qsaqsuli liberalebi, romlebic es-esaa,<br />

memarcxene <strong>da</strong> memarjvene diskursebze kamaTobdnen <strong>da</strong><br />

jer kargad verc gamoerkviaT, rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ecvaT Tavi<br />

„wmin<strong>da</strong> wixlisgan“.<br />

rom ara telekompania „kavkasiis“ eTerSi Sevardna <strong>da</strong><br />

Jurnalistebisa <strong>da</strong> stumrebis winaaRmdeg sastiki angariSsworeba,<br />

albaT, es <strong>da</strong>rbevac SerCebo<strong>da</strong> mmk-s, rogorc<br />

`helouini~ SerCa, zautaSvilis gamofenis <strong>da</strong>rbeva Ser-<br />

Ca, „didi aTeulis“ <strong>da</strong>xurva SerCa <strong>da</strong> a.S. am droisTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebulia „marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris“ <strong>da</strong><br />

„saxalxo marTlmadidebluri moZraobis“ ramdenime aqtivisti.<br />

xelmZRvanelebi gareT arian.<br />

Sua saukuneebis inglisSi samefo karze hyav<strong>da</strong>T paJebi,<br />

romlebic saerTod arafers akeTebdnen. Tumca, did<br />

rols TamaSobdnen momavali monarqis aRzr<strong>da</strong>Si. erTi<br />

sityviT, eseni iyvnen patara biWebi, romelTac takunebs<br />

wkepliT usisxlianebdnen, roca taxtis memkvidre cu<strong>da</strong>d<br />

iqceo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

imis Tqma min<strong>da</strong>, rom Cven isev „paJebs“ xom ar vcemT,<br />

„memkvidris“ nacvlad? cxadia, moZalade aqtivistebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba samarTlebrivad adekvaturi iyo, magram maTi<br />

wveruxvi Tu „jerT uwveruli“ bosebi (isakaZe-gulaSvi-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 27

komentari<br />

li) pasuxisgebas Tu ara, <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze gamoZaxebas mainc ar<br />

„imsaxurebdnen“? es is kiTxvaa, romelic gaCn<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis<br />

mcire wreSi <strong>da</strong> ar gaCenila Cemi avtobuseli Tanamgzavrebis<br />

tvinSi, romelTac SesaSuri gulmodginebiT<br />

ganevrcoT „saidumlo sirobis“ Tema <strong>da</strong> axla ukve masonebze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>suliyvnen. es ki is Temaa, romliTac qarTuli<br />

morali sakuTar monoliTurobas testavs, aq yvela er-<br />

Tiania. marTalia, mTlad kargad araa cnobili, vin arian<br />

masonebi, magram es, cxadia, umniSvneloa.<br />

moralis qarxana gauCereblad muSaobs, permanentulad<br />

gvawvdis ukanaskneli modelis tabuebs, sruliad axals,<br />

sruliad eWvmiutanels <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, sruliad gaugebars.<br />

rac mTavaria, Tineijerebis (marTalia, mcire, magram<br />

mainc) nawilic CaTreul iqna am absurdSi <strong>da</strong> mTeli<br />

es „samomxmareblo pedofilia“ religiur swavlebad moi-<br />

cnobili qarTuli tolerantobis Sesaxeb<br />

CemSic jer kidev SemorCenili miTi<br />

nel-nela orTqldeba. bolo drois<br />

bataliebis samoyvarulo analizic<br />

sakmarisia imis saTqmelad, rom CvenTvis<br />

muStis ena socialuri interaqciis<br />

yvelaze mSobliuri variantia. dialogi<br />

ra, veluri <strong>da</strong>savlelebi xom ar varT?<br />

naTla. totaluri SiSis kultivirebiT Seiqmna morCili<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavis<strong>da</strong>mqnevi mrevlis saxe, romelsac ar uCndeba ki-<br />

Txvebi... imitom, rom am kiTxvebze pasuxebi ukve ganusazRvres<br />

„mamaoebma“.<br />

me ar min<strong>da</strong>, visaubro religiaze, rogorc koleqtiur<br />

nevrozze ara imitom, rom es ase araa, ubralod, aq religiis<br />

saxiT mogvevlina sruliad sxva movlena. ai ise-<br />

Ti, saxelis <strong>da</strong>rqmevac rom Wirs <strong>da</strong> zogadi aRwerilobiT<br />

cdilob, ZiriTadi arsi gamokveTo, rogorc gamoc<strong>da</strong>ze<br />

gasulma abiturientma. religia ki is ukanaskneli niRabi<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, romlis Camoxsnis mere SiSveli terorizmi <strong>da</strong>vinaxeT<br />

Tavisi specifikuri simbolikebiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTrgunveli<br />

paTetikiT. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, erTbaSad SeuZlebelic<br />

kia, es eqstremistuli jgufebi rame konkretul subkulturas<br />

miakuTvno.<br />

cnobilia, rom TviT alkoholur halucinaciebSic<br />

vlindeba socialur-kulturuli faqtori. mag: qristian<br />

alkoholikebs eSmaki elandebaT, budistebs drakoni, muslimebs<br />

jini <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

ra elandebaT mmk-s <strong>da</strong> smm-s brigadebs, roca isini<br />

religiuri egzaltaciis qveS myofni Tav-pirs alewaven<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebs? vin miuZRviT win fsevdo rwmeniTi Trobisas?<br />

ratom hgoniaT, rom WeSmaritebis prioritetebi <strong>da</strong>saku-<br />

Trebuli aqvT <strong>da</strong> mxolod maTi gavliT xdeba saRi azris<br />

28 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

wvdoma? aRarafers vambob socialur qselebSi gulaSvilis<br />

aqtivistebis mier gavrcelebul azrebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c saubaria<br />

„qarTvelebis mier sxva erebze hegemoniaze“, „maTi<br />

Svilebis sxvis Svilebze batonobis“ ideasa <strong>da</strong> „marTlmadidebelTa<br />

SeiaraRebuli armiis“ Seqmnaze.<br />

rogorc Cans, es subkultura jer kidev SemoqmedebiTi<br />

<strong>da</strong> meTodologiuri Ziebis procesSia <strong>da</strong> saboloo sulieri<br />

misia SesaZloa, qarTuli Mein Kampf-is <strong>da</strong>weriT gamoxatos.<br />

avtobusi gmirTa moe<strong>da</strong>nze uxvevs. vcdilob, TvalSi ar<br />

SeveCxiro mkacr moralistebs, romlebmac ukve verbaluri<br />

jvarcma mouwyves deisaZes, gigi TevzaZes (es kaci ra<br />

SuaSia, kacma ar icis), ga<strong>da</strong>swvdnen „pi<strong>da</strong>rast“ burWula-<br />

Zes. cota ar iyos, vSfoTav, emand Cemi ramdenime wlis win<br />

„miqaruli“ rom gaaxsendes vinmes, rogor gin<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>uZvre<br />

am WyletaSi?<br />

cnobili qarTuli tolerantobis Sesaxeb CemSic jer<br />

kidev SemorCenili miTi nel-nela orTqldeba. bolo<br />

drois bataliebis samoyvarulo analizic sakmarisia imis<br />

saTqmelad, rom CvenTvis muStis ena socialuri interaqciis<br />

yvelaze mSobliuri variantia. dialogi ra, veluri<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlelebi xom ar varT?<br />

aqve vityvi, rom nebismieri kulturuli aqtivoba Zaladobrivia<br />

<strong>da</strong> amavdroulad uvnebeli, rogorc mkv<strong>da</strong>ri<br />

mowme, rogorc uSno Se<strong>da</strong>reba (Tun<strong>da</strong>c, iseTive uSno, rogorc<br />

es Se<strong>da</strong>reba).<br />

deisaZis wigni (iseve, rogorc nebismieri (kontr)kulturuli<br />

faqti, procesi, artefaqti) pozitiuri Zaladoba<br />

iyo, magram is asc<strong>da</strong> (kontr)kulturis konteqsts<br />

(SeiZleba, Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve ase iyo Cafiqrebuli avtoris an gamomcemlis<br />

mier) <strong>da</strong> socialur produqtad iqca, Sesabamisad,<br />

deaeracia mZime formebSi ganviTar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> avtoris<br />

savaraudo survili, literaturuli flangi<strong>da</strong>n moexdina<br />

konkretuli mdgomareobis <strong>da</strong>refreSeba, lamis samoqalaqo<br />

<strong>da</strong>pirispirebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>izar<strong>da</strong>.<br />

<strong>da</strong> mainc, meore mxaris ritorika uryevia: gvaqvs 365<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> giorgis saxelobis eklesia, yvela ubanSi 90-iani<br />

wlebis „butkebiviT“ gaxsnili taZrebi, mosaxvevebSi <strong>da</strong>montaJebuli<br />

aTasobiT ganaTebuli jvari, erT moqalaqeze<br />

saSualod sami mRvdeli <strong>da</strong> Svidi stiqarosani modis,<br />

milionobiT mrevli...<br />

mavani cimermani amaze ityo<strong>da</strong>, rom esaa „egos fxana cifrebiT“.<br />

<strong>da</strong> patiosani kaci <strong>da</strong>eTanxmebo<strong>da</strong> cimermans.<br />

P.S. avtobusi pekinze, restoran „nikalasTan“ sacobSi<br />

iWedeba, mgzavrebi fuTfuTeben, Cem garSemo qalebi wyevlian<br />

„<strong>da</strong>rsavaZes“ (sinamdvileSi _ deisaZes), kacebi imuqrebian<br />

<strong>da</strong> evfemisturad citireben televizorSi yurmokrul<br />

frazebs „saidumlo sirobi<strong>da</strong>n“. Suaxnis mamri<br />

Temas avrcobs <strong>da</strong> deisaZesTan erTad „wmin<strong>da</strong>nebis maginebel“<br />

buRaZesac gahkravs kbils.<br />

me Tavs vxri <strong>da</strong> CanTaSi rac SeiZleba Rrmad vCurTav<br />

`literaturul eqspress“.

finaluri mwuxri<br />

avtori: sandro naveriani<br />

kvantur fizikaSi universiadis finali ro iyos, <strong>da</strong>jdebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> uyureb. ai egeTi intriga ramea finali. im<br />

dRes `niWieris~ finali iyo. ukve kai xnis win. ho<strong>da</strong><br />

vuyure. erTi monawile gansakuTrebiT momewona _<br />

iluzionisti iyo <strong>da</strong> naR<strong>da</strong>d sakaifo Sous akeTeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Cemze ro yofiliyo magas ga<strong>da</strong>vcemdi Tass. magram sul<br />

sxvam moigo imitom, rom Cemze ar iyo.<br />

sul Tavi<strong>da</strong>n, proeqti `niWieri~ ro <strong>da</strong>iwyo, pirveli<br />

aRmoCena gulnaz goleTiani gax<strong>da</strong>. youtube-ze misi<br />

video egreve suzan boilis videosTan <strong>da</strong>ilinka. kamerebis<br />

win Jiuris wevrebic alaparakdnen talant qalbatonze.<br />

simRera, romelic imRera <strong>da</strong> xma, romliTac<br />

imRera, Zalian sevdiania <strong>da</strong> viRac-viRacebs albaT Sig<br />

gulis gulSi moxv<strong>da</strong>. gulnaz goleTianis gamosvlamde<br />

mayurebels gvaCvenes masze momzadebuli promo,<br />

romlis saTauric, albaT, aseTi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>: `Tu rogor<br />

Seicvala gulnaz goleTianis cxovreba mas Semdeg,<br />

rac `niWierSi~ imRera~. misi cxovreba ki cota xniT<br />

marTla Seicvala, is miiwvies televiziebsa <strong>da</strong> radioebSi,<br />

atrialebdnen mis namRers <strong>da</strong> Jurnal-gazeTebma<br />

masze statiebi <strong>da</strong>beWdes. mis Sesaxeb `niWieris~ yvelaze<br />

zarmac mayurebelsac ki smeno<strong>da</strong> rame. promos<br />

verbaluri mxare aSkarad <strong>da</strong>debiTi iyo, magram promos<br />

yurebisas me mainc TanavugrZnobdi am a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong><br />

roca <strong>da</strong>vfiqrdi Tu ratom, sworad maSin mivaqcie yuradReba<br />

brutalur kadrebs <strong>da</strong> musikas, romelic fonad<br />

gasdev<strong>da</strong> gulnaz goleTianis sinqrons.<br />

promo <strong>da</strong>iwyo kadriT Tu rogor amuSavebs gulnaz<br />

goleTiani ToxiT miwas <strong>da</strong> rogor recxavs sarecxs<br />

diasaxlisisTvis autanel pirobebSi _ gareT, yinvaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> civ wyalSi. amis Semdeg ki gvaCvenes is radios <strong>da</strong><br />

televiziis studiaSi, rampebi <strong>da</strong> CiraRdnebi, JurnalgazeTebis<br />

ydebze, aq, iq, rame <strong>da</strong> rume. prodiuserebi/<br />

reJisorebi meubnebodnen, naxe, ra vuqeniT, sad iyo <strong>da</strong><br />

axla sad aris?! ra iyo <strong>da</strong> axla ra aris?! gamoviyvaneT,<br />

tusovka, aqeT, iqiT, gavastareT, cxovreba vanaxeT.<br />

es iyo provincializmis erT-erTi yvelaze masStaburi<br />

gamovlena, rac ki cxovrebaSi minaxavs.<br />

komentari<br />

sakmaod bevri vifiqre imaze, Tu riT jobia Jurnal<br />

`gzis~ y<strong>da</strong>ze gamoWimva, vTqvaT, mecxvareobas? an romelime,<br />

Tbilisur tusovkaSi erTi (Tun<strong>da</strong>c asi) RamiT<br />

gareva romelime soflis koloritobas? riT jobia<br />

is cxovreba, riTic ramdenime dRe icxovra gulnaz<br />

goleTianma im cxovrebas, romelSic mTeli warsuli<br />

gaatara? romelmac misca mas Svilebi, ojaxi, sakuTari<br />

saxli, miwa <strong>da</strong> akeTebs imas, rasac un<strong>da</strong> akeTebdes.<br />

SeiZleba, gulnaz goleTians marTlac urCevnia ise<br />

gaetarebina mTeli cxovreba rogorc bolo ramdenime<br />

kvira cxovrob<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba arc urCevnia, magram es man<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Tqvas, man un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>usvas xazi Tu ga<strong>da</strong>sasmelia<br />

<strong>da</strong> ara iman vinc mxolod Sous akeTebs, mis warmatebaze<br />

fiqrobs <strong>da</strong> am fiqrSi sruliad ver amCnevs an amCnevs<br />

<strong>da</strong> ar imCnevs, rom saSinel Seuracxyofas ayenebs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong> mTel mis cxovrebas.<br />

ratom, sai<strong>da</strong>n aqvT mentoruli toni, sad <strong>da</strong> rodis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, rom Tbilisi <strong>da</strong> Tbilisuri Jurnalebi gansazRvravs<br />

kai tipobas?<br />

Tumca, rogor grZnobebsac ar un<strong>da</strong> iwvevdes CvenSi<br />

msgavsi kadrebi, es Sous warmatebis erTaderTi Tu<br />

ara, erT-erTi garantia.<br />

Cven ar mogvwons is, vinc Cvenze ukeTesia <strong>da</strong> gvjobia.<br />

ufro konkretulad ki, Cven ar <strong>da</strong>vrekavT <strong>da</strong> xmas<br />

ar mivcemT mas, vinc ar Segvecodeba. am SouSi promos<br />

mizanic is iyo, rom maqsimalurad Segvcodebo<strong>da</strong> gmiri;<br />

rom Cven mas TanavugrZnoT <strong>da</strong> xma mivceT, Sous ki _<br />

reitingi <strong>da</strong> Semosavali. albaT, amas mec vgrZnob, sxva<br />

SemTxvevaSi me amis Sesaxeb araferi mecodinebo<strong>da</strong> _ ar<br />

var is tipi, ro Cavujde <strong>da</strong> vifiqro ratom mox<strong>da</strong> ase.<br />

`niWieris~ finali TiTqmis erTi Tvis win iyo <strong>da</strong> aba<br />

gaixseneT, bolos rodis <strong>da</strong> sad naxeT gulnaz gole-<br />

Tiani? a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelsac sul cota xnis win suzan<br />

boils a<strong>da</strong>rebdnen, Sotlandiel momRerals, romelic<br />

msofliom swored msgavsi proeqti<strong>da</strong>n gaicno. a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />

romelmac aTiaTasobiT diski gayi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romlis<br />

mimarT interesi dRemde ar gamqrala mediaSi. SeiZleba<br />

is aRar aris popularobis zenitSi, magram misiT<br />

dRemde interesdeba ama Tu im provinciis gazeTi an<br />

sakabelo televizia. masTan urTierToba dRemde aqvT<br />

xmis Camwer studiebs <strong>da</strong> aTasgvar proeqtSi monawileobas<br />

sTavazoben. suzan boili, mas Semdeg, rac popularuli<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>, ga<strong>da</strong>iRes ramdenime sareklamo rgolSi,<br />

moxv<strong>da</strong> ramdenime dokumenturi filmSi... <strong>da</strong> sad aris<br />

gulnaz goleTiani? ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, cota gulubryvilo<br />

Se<strong>da</strong>rebaa, radgan saqarTvelos gabaritebi ver Seedreba<br />

britaneTisas, sai<strong>da</strong>nac yvela saxis produqti<br />

kidev ufro didi gabaritebis mqone amerikaSi xvdeba,<br />

sworad masStabebze maqvs saubari _ qarTuli maStabebiTac<br />

ki gulnaz goleTianis namdvili cxovreba dRes<br />

aravis ar ainteresebs. yvelaze did ignorirebas ki is<br />

televizia iCens, romelmac ase lamazad gagvacno es<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 29

istoria<br />

erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis<br />

anu moskovuri xelovneba, romelic ar iyideba<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT CixlaZe<br />

foto: guram wibaxaSvili<br />

30 cxeli Sokoladi

istoria<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 31

istoria<br />

_ ra Rirs es ZaRli?<br />

_ erTi maneTi, magram ar iyideba.<br />

moskovi-Tbilisis matareblis<br />

derefani. 1990 wlis zafxuli.<br />

es umniSvnelo dialogi uzustesi<br />

gansazRvrebaa Cveni dRevandeli<br />

istoriis erT-erTi gmiris, moskoveli<br />

artistis, <strong>petliura</strong>s <strong>da</strong> misi<br />

xelovnebis xasiaTis gasagebad. misi<br />

xelovnebac 1 maneTi Rirs, magram<br />

ver iyidi.<br />

misi namdvili saxeli <strong>da</strong> gvari<br />

aleqsandr liaSenkoa. 80-iani wlebis<br />

bolos <strong>petliura</strong>m mitovebuli<br />

samsarTuliani saxli ipova moskovis<br />

centrSi, petrovski bulvarze.<br />

iq erT-erTi pirveli <strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />

xmauriani art-komuna gaixsna. mxatvrebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxlebul aseT Senobebs,<br />

romlebic msoflios bevr did<br />

qalaqSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes, skvots<br />

eZaxian <strong>da</strong> is andergraundis artistebisa<br />

Tu musikosebis myudro<br />

32 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

saxelosnoebia xolme. artistuli<br />

TavSeyris msgavsi gaxmaurebuli<br />

adgilebi arsebob<strong>da</strong> leningradsa<br />

Tu berlinSi, an<strong>da</strong> uiliamsburgSi,<br />

niu-iorkSi, magram <strong>petliura</strong>s SemTxvevaSi<br />

es namdvili art-komuna<br />

iyo, endi uorholis fabrikis msgavsi,<br />

mudmivi performansis <strong>da</strong><br />

dResaswaulis adgili, sa<strong>da</strong>c xelovneba,<br />

<strong>da</strong>sveneba, koncerti, kino,<br />

instalacia, poezia, guliTadi saubari,<br />

modis Cveneba, iafi sadili<br />

Tu baRSi gaseirneba erTi mTliani<br />

procesis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva fragmentad<br />

Can<strong>da</strong>.<br />

am uzarmazar saxlSi inaxav<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>petliura</strong> Tavis koleqcias _ miviwyebul<br />

sabWoTa sayofacxovrebo<br />

atributikasa <strong>da</strong> artefaqtebs<br />

_ 20-30-iani wlebis qalis garderobs,<br />

qudebs <strong>da</strong> fexsacmels, sxva<br />

epoqalur efemeras, rogoricaa<br />

beladTa <strong>da</strong> kolmeurneTa kitCuri<br />

biustebi, sigelebi, vimpelebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva socialisturi suvenirebi,<br />

saavadmyofoebis ga<strong>da</strong>yrili qirurgiuli<br />

instrumentebi <strong>da</strong> sinjarebi,<br />

romelTac ucnob a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

tragikuli biografia <strong>da</strong>mCneo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

aq TiTqmis yoveldRe ga<strong>da</strong>saRebad<br />

modiodnen ucxoeli Jurnalistebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> fotografebi, saRamoobiT<br />

Tavs iyridnen moskoveli artistebi,<br />

poetebi, xelovnebaTmcodneebi,<br />

modelebi <strong>da</strong> subkulturis<br />

bevri inkognito warmomadgeneli,<br />

visac es yvelaferi uyvar<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />

avanscenaze gamosvlis ambicia ar<br />

amoZravdeb<strong>da</strong>. male <strong>petliura</strong>s saxlSi<br />

Tavisufali akademia <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong><br />

_ ase <strong>da</strong>arqves ideebis warmoSobis<br />

ukve saxelganTqmul keras moskovSi.<br />

iq aCvenebdnen sakuTar kinonamuSevrebs,<br />

awyobdnen poetur <strong>da</strong><br />

modis performansebs, <strong>da</strong>diodnen<br />

sagastrolod ruseTis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

qalaqSi, mihqon<strong>da</strong>T moskovis dinamikuri<br />

energia, xolo iqi<strong>da</strong>n axali

artefaqtebis koleqciiT brundebodnen.<br />

1990 wlis zafxulSi <strong>petliura</strong>s-<br />

Tan erTad moskovi-Tbilisis matarebliT<br />

vimgzavre. mesame mgzavric<br />

gvaxl<strong>da</strong>, saxelad petlika, germanuli<br />

nagazis jer kidev axalgazr<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> xalisiani lekvi. CvenTan<br />

erTad TbilisSi sagastrolod sxva<br />

moskoveli araformali artistebic<br />

gamoemgzavrnen _ saSa lugini,<br />

katia riJikova, lena <strong>da</strong> maqsi, magram<br />

am jgufma marSruti Secvala<br />

<strong>da</strong> baqos gavliT wamovi<strong>da</strong>. ar vici,<br />

ratom gaviyaviT orad kurskis sadgurze,<br />

moskovSi. mgoni, maT baqos<br />

naxvac aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T, xolo <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />

<strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>da</strong> sakuTari<br />

artistuli ideaze safiqrelad er-<br />

Civna ganmartoeba.<br />

gamoviareT ruseTis gaSlili<br />

<strong>da</strong>blobebi <strong>da</strong> rodesac mTebi gamoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> matarebeli ukve saqar-<br />

TveloSi Semovi<strong>da</strong>, mivxvdiT, rom<br />

ukve sxva sixSiris velSi vimyofebiT<br />

_ ara mxolod muzeumiviT ganlagebul<br />

istoriul Zeglebs Soris,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c tradiciebi lamis suraTebiviT<br />

hkidia garSemo, aramed sadRac<br />

sxvagan, sa<strong>da</strong>c kultura jer kidev<br />

ar gulisxmobs usasyidlo <strong>da</strong> uangaro<br />

Tavisuflebas. albaT amitomac,<br />

gorTan axlos viRac kaci uxe-<br />

Sad SeekiTxa <strong>petliura</strong>s, _ ra Rirs<br />

es ZaRlio, _ TiTqos es raRac sagani<br />

yofiliyo, bazrobaze gasayi<strong>da</strong>d<br />

gamotanili. <strong>petliura</strong>mac mokled<br />

<strong>da</strong> sruliad uceremoniod upasuxa,<br />

_ erTi maneTi, magram ar iyideba.<br />

me min<strong>da</strong>, rom qarTvel artist-<br />

Tan erTad gavakeTo performansi<br />

TbilisSi. magram ra gavakeToT? _<br />

mekiTxeba matarebelSi <strong>petliura</strong>.<br />

is ambobs, rom jaSuSebis Tema Sei-<br />

Zleba airCion. niko cecxlaZesTan<br />

fiqrobs performansis gakeTebas,<br />

an mamuka jafariZesTan. bolos<br />

isev niko cecxlaZeze Cerdeba. me<br />

istoria<br />

vTavazob Zexvis <strong>da</strong>sakuTrebisTvis<br />

Cxubs _ martivia <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>piri.<br />

vici, rom mxolod es sakmarisi ar<br />

aris, magram ar mindo<strong>da</strong> amaze meti<br />

meTqva _ aq isaa avtori, me ki, principSi,<br />

misgan vswavlob. <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />

Tavisufal akademiaSi marTlac<br />

vswavlobdi. vswavlobdi am uzarmazar,<br />

arcTu ioli energetikis<br />

artefaqtebiT mofenil SenobaSi<br />

Tun<strong>da</strong>c marto <strong>da</strong>rCenas, dReebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi. rodesac mTeli jgufi<br />

ruseTis romelime qalaqSi iyo<br />

gastrolebze, me ki erT-erT oTaxSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxlebuli moskovuri yvavis<br />

movla <strong>da</strong> misTvis sadilis mitana<br />

mevalebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 1990 wli<strong>da</strong>n gaCn<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>petliura</strong>s cxovrebaSi bronislava<br />

anatolievna dubneri, mokled<br />

ki pani bronia _ moxuci, umweo<br />

moskoveli qalbatoni sakuTar<br />

aseTive meuRlesTan erTad. isini<br />

axal moskovSi ukve aRaravis sWir-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 33

istoria<br />

debo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>petliura</strong>m ara mxolod<br />

maTi meurveoba iTava, aramed pani<br />

bronia Cvenebebsa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>Rebebzec<br />

Tavis mTavar modelad <strong>da</strong> aqtrisad<br />

aqcia. gastrolebzec erTad<br />

midiodnen evropis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qalaqSi.<br />

pani broniam sruliad axali,<br />

artistuli cxovreba <strong>da</strong>iwyo maSin,<br />

rodesac amas ukve namdvilad aRar<br />

elodebo<strong>da</strong>. dRes ki pani bronias<br />

naxatebi msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva muzeumSi<br />

inaxeba. eqstravaganturobiT<br />

is, rogorc amboben, salvador<br />

<strong>da</strong>lis, nina hagensa <strong>da</strong> boi jorjs<br />

ar Camouvardeba. 1998 wels bronias<br />

londonSi alternatiuli mis<br />

msoflios tituli mianiWes.<br />

TbilisSi pani bronia ar Camosula,<br />

albaT TbilisisTvis es Zalian<br />

adre iyo. 1990 wels, <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />

pirveli qarTuli gastrolis dros,<br />

rodesac yvelani nanatri kapitalizmis<br />

Semosvlas velodebodiT,<br />

TbilisisTvis jer adre iyo mosko-<br />

34 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

vuri araformaluri xelovnebis mi-<br />

Reba, romelic, <strong>petliura</strong>s ZaRlis<br />

msgavsad, sulac ar iyo gamiznuli<br />

saswrafo gayidvisa <strong>da</strong> finansuri<br />

prestiJisaTvis. <strong>petliura</strong>s tansacmlis<br />

Teatri arasdros yofila<br />

komerciaze gaTvlili. erTgan is<br />

ambobs, _ CemTan iyo ramdenime a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />

isini albaT kargi artistebi<br />

gaxdebodnen, magram samwuxarod,<br />

mere modeliorebad ga<strong>da</strong>iqcnen <strong>da</strong><br />

rogorc artistebi <strong>da</strong>mTavrdneno.<br />

TbilisSi yofnis drosac <strong>petliura</strong>m<br />

intervius dros upasuxa, _ me<br />

viReb nagavs <strong>da</strong> misgan yvavilebs<br />

vakeTeb. misi unikaluri koleqciis<br />

didi nawili moskovis baraxlovkazea<br />

nayidi, maT Soris im xanad<br />

yvelaze cnobil tiSinski rinokze.<br />

bevric albaT nagavSia napovni.<br />

paradoqsia, magram swored es<br />

arakomerciuli xelovneba gax<strong>da</strong><br />

yvelaze konvertirebadi msoflio<br />

bazarze. araformaluri xelovne-<br />

ba _ am niSniT iyo <strong>da</strong> dResac aris<br />

moskovSi gaazrebuli is xelovneba,<br />

romelsac avangardis tradiciasTan<br />

aigivebdnen <strong>da</strong> romelic Tavs uyri<strong>da</strong><br />

konceptualistur safuZvelze warmoqmnil<br />

yvela im mimarTulebas, rac<br />

moskovis xelovnebis savaWro niSans<br />

qmni<strong>da</strong>, maT Soris: rusuli konceptualizmi,<br />

soc-arti, koleqtivnie<br />

deistvia, medgermenevtika <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />

araformaluri ki arakomerciulsac<br />

gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong> amiT moskovis e.w. antisabWoTa<br />

artistebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTis<br />

neomarqsistebi (partia ar egonos<br />

mkiTxvels, Jan luk go<strong>da</strong>rs <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />

Tanamedrove artistebs aerTianebs)<br />

saerTo baziss poulobdnen.<br />

vidre TbilisSi wamovidodiT,<br />

moskovi<strong>da</strong>n gia buRaZes <strong>da</strong>vureke.<br />

maSin mxatvarTa kavSiris erT-er-<br />

Ti xelmZRvaneli iyo <strong>da</strong> vTxove,<br />

nebarTva moepovebina qarvaslaSi<br />

moskoveli mxatvrebis gamofenis-<br />

Tvis. TbilisSi CamovediT Tu ara,

moskovelebs maSinve qalaqSi xetiali<br />

moun<strong>da</strong>T _ yovelgvari Zilisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis winaaRmdegni<br />

iyvnen. mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc arc qarTul<br />

samzareuloze gaumaxvilebia vinmes<br />

yuradReba, radgan es ar <strong>da</strong>mmaxsovrebia.<br />

maTTvis ufro axali<br />

artefaqtebi iyo mimzidveli <strong>da</strong><br />

mniSvnelovani. ar vici, ramdenad<br />

aRmoaCines aseTi ram, Tu ar CavTvliT<br />

erT iseT banalur artefaqts,<br />

rogoricaa WaWiT savse 3-litriani<br />

boca, romelic <strong>petliura</strong>s<br />

romeliRac aivanze <strong>da</strong>unaxavs,<br />

amZvrala <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>pir gamofenis<br />

gaxsnis win moitana instalacia-<br />

Si gamosayeneblad. meore albaT<br />

is iyo, rom erTxel RamiT gmirTa<br />

moe<strong>da</strong>nze mogvix<strong>da</strong> manqaniT gavla.<br />

ukve <strong>da</strong>carielebul quCaSi marto<br />

erTi wyvili Can<strong>da</strong> varazisxevis<br />

kuTxeSi <strong>da</strong> vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom Cxuboben<br />

_ kaci qals muSts uRerebs<br />

<strong>da</strong>sartymelad an emuqreba. etyoba,<br />

CvenTvis aseTi scenebi an Zalian<br />

banaluri <strong>da</strong> yoveldRiuri iyo, an,<br />

tradiciuli qveynisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasia-<br />

Tebeli <strong>da</strong>uwereli kanonebis gamo,<br />

wyvilis saqmeebSi Carevas imTavi-<br />

Tve gamovricxavdiT. <strong>petliura</strong>s ki<br />

swored es ar gamorCa, jer manqanis<br />

gaCereba moiTxova <strong>da</strong> roca taqsis<br />

mZRolma ar urCia <strong>da</strong> yuri arc ki<br />

ugdo, maSin fanjara Camowia <strong>da</strong><br />

TbilisisTvis sruliad ucxo, rusuli<br />

Tu ukrainuli, anarqistuli,<br />

mTeli xmiT <strong>da</strong>uyvira, _ Sen, ei, ar<br />

gabedo qalis Seuracxyofao. mesame<br />

Tbilisuri artefaqtic, rasac <strong>petliura</strong>sTan<br />

erTad wavawydiT, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

misi arakanonierebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

araa<strong>da</strong>mianurobisa, mainc aseve banaluri<br />

iyo CvenTvis _ rusTavelis<br />

prospeqtze troleibuss gavyeviT<br />

<strong>da</strong> centraluri fostis Senobas<br />

rom gavuswordiT, <strong>petliura</strong>m gineba<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>da</strong> saxeze xeli aifara.<br />

ver mivxvdi, ra ayvireb<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>naxva<br />

istoria<br />

ver movaswari. troleibusi swrafad<br />

gasc<strong>da</strong> im adgils, <strong>petliura</strong>m<br />

miTxra, rom <strong>da</strong>inaxa, Tu rogor Caartya<br />

viRacam meore a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong>na<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>pir TavSi <strong>da</strong> gaiqca.<br />

aseT dros Camoitanes moskovelebma<br />

namdvili rusuli avangardi<br />

TbilisSi, pirvelad, maiakovskisdroindeli<br />

20-iani wlebis mere.<br />

meore jgufi, romelic maSin<br />

CvenTan erTad TbilisSi Camovi<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> romelic aseve <strong>petliura</strong>s art_<br />

komunis nawils Seadgen<strong>da</strong>, jgufi<br />

`sever~ iyo (aleqsandr lugini <strong>da</strong><br />

katia riJikova). Tbilisur gastrolebze<br />

komuni<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime sxva artistic<br />

wamovi<strong>da</strong>. kidev ufro mets<br />

undo<strong>da</strong> wamosvla, magram yvelafers<br />

<strong>petliura</strong> wyvet<strong>da</strong>. man Tqva,<br />

rom, viRacis <strong>da</strong>svenebisa <strong>da</strong> mogzaurobis<br />

xarjze, lekv petlikas<br />

saWmels ver moakleb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

gamofena qarvaslisTvis <strong>da</strong>igegma.<br />

80-iani wlebis miwuruls swo-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 35

istoria<br />

red qarvasla iyo is adgili, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

Tanamedrove mxatvarTa gamofenebi<br />

imarTebo<strong>da</strong>. aq xSirad iyo Tbilisuri<br />

jgufis `meaTe sarTulis~ sapaviliono<br />

gamofenebi, romlebic<br />

Tbiliss Tanamedrove xelovnebis<br />

saerTaSoriso stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis gamofenebTan<br />

aaxloeb<strong>da</strong>. qarvaslas im<br />

drosac xelovnebaTmcodne lika<br />

mamacaSvili kuratorob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> swored<br />

mis sagalereo saqmianobasTan<br />

aris mniSvnelovanwilad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

Tbilisis Tanamedrove sagamofeno<br />

kulturis Seqmnis istoria.<br />

<strong>petliura</strong>s importis realuri mimRebi<br />

TbilisSi swored `meaTe sar-<br />

Tuli~ <strong>da</strong> misi garemocva iyo _ jgufi,<br />

romelic 5 mxatvars aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>:<br />

mamuka cecxlaZes, niko cecxlaZes,<br />

mamuka jafariZes, oleg timCenkos,<br />

koka ramiSvils; <strong>da</strong> am jgufTan imxanad<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyvnen sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

xelovanebi _ niko lomaSvili, guram<br />

wibaxaSvili, karlo kaWarava, gia ri-<br />

36 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

gvava, lia SveliZe, maia cecxlaZe,<br />

gia loria <strong>da</strong> <strong>sxvebi</strong>.<br />

qalaqSi <strong>petliura</strong>s u<strong>da</strong>rdeli xetialisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT, romelmac<br />

performansisTvis mxolod muyaos<br />

yuTebi moiTxova, raTa <strong>da</strong>rbazSi<br />

kedeli aeSenebina, rogorc sazRvari,<br />

romelsac mere <strong>petliura</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

niko cecxlaZe ZexvisaTvis Cxubis<br />

dros <strong>da</strong>angrevdnen, jgufi `severi~<br />

_ saSa lugini <strong>da</strong> katia riJikova<br />

_ calke, ganmartoebiT amzadeb<strong>da</strong><br />

sakuTar performanss, romlisTvisac<br />

meti dekoracia sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

rodesac moskovSi pirveli reiv<br />

klubi `ptiuCi~ gaixsna, romelic<br />

sakuTar gaxmaurebul priala Jurnalsac<br />

gamoscem<strong>da</strong>, saxelwodebiT<br />

`om~, <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>cvaSi mxolod<br />

Savkanianebi hyav<strong>da</strong>T, xolo mineraluri<br />

wyali aucileblad `eviani~<br />

un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo, saSa lugini iq<br />

wamyvani artisti <strong>da</strong> dizaineri iyo.<br />

isini qmnian musikalur <strong>da</strong> aqcio-<br />

nistur performanss, rac slavuri<br />

arqetipebisa <strong>da</strong> Samanuri, magiuri<br />

performansis paralelurad, Rrmad<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> transis, fsiqodeliisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> saklubo subkulturas. es<br />

Samanur qmedebasa <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove<br />

dizains Soris arsebuli xelovneba<br />

iyo, romelsac, rogorc Tan<strong>da</strong>-<br />

Tan gamoCn<strong>da</strong>, raRac komerciuli<br />

potenciac hqon<strong>da</strong>. `severis~ performansebSi<br />

is ritualuri sawyisi<br />

ikiTxebo<strong>da</strong>, ramac bunebrivad Sei-<br />

Zleba <strong>da</strong>ainteresos Tanamedrove<br />

rusi avangardisti, Tu is ar egueba<br />

dRevandel sterilur, komfortabelur<br />

<strong>da</strong> ambivalentur sistemas<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamosavals isev wmin<strong>da</strong> modernistul<br />

formebSi <strong>da</strong> Tun<strong>da</strong>c Soreuli<br />

aRmosavleTis misterialur<br />

arqetipebSi eZebs.<br />

`severi~ qarvaslaSic aqcionistur<br />

transs qmni<strong>da</strong>. saSa luginisa <strong>da</strong> katia<br />

riJikovas performansis `Sinaarsi<strong>da</strong>n~<br />

gamomdinare, ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, rom

kari un<strong>da</strong> Caketiliyo <strong>da</strong> mnaxveli<br />

<strong>da</strong>rbazSi ar SemoeSvaT. mayurebeli<br />

moqmedebis msvlelobas Sesasvlel<br />

karTan <strong>da</strong>montaJebuli ori televizoris<br />

saSualebiT adevneb<strong>da</strong> Tvals.<br />

SigniT ki, <strong>da</strong>rbazis erT mxares, patara<br />

scenaze dramze ukravdnen.<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n `severis~ wevrebi specialurad<br />

momzadebul, fantastikur kostiumebSi<br />

gamowyobilebi gamovidnen,<br />

kostiumebi simetriulad iyo moxatuli<br />

arqauli <strong>da</strong> gamogonili rusuli<br />

ornamentebiT. male gogonebma<br />

tansacmeli gaixades. katias <strong>da</strong> lenas<br />

saRebaviT savse konteineri edgaT<br />

win <strong>da</strong> xan erTmaneTs xatavdnen,<br />

xan ki sxeulebiT raRac Samanur ornamentebs<br />

qmnidnen. moxatvis saSiSroeba<br />

emuqrebo<strong>da</strong> yvelas, vinc maT<br />

miuaxlovdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

kars miRma, <strong>da</strong>rbazSi monawileebs<br />

`meaTe sarTulis~ Tbiliseli mxatvrebic<br />

SeuerTdnen, salamurebiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva musikaluri instrumente-<br />

biT `aRWurvilebi~. mxatvrebma aseve<br />

eqspoziciac Seqmnes, sa<strong>da</strong>c niko<br />

lomaSvilis, mamuka jafariZis, Salva<br />

xaxanaSvilis, poet badri guguSvilis<br />

namuSevrebi <strong>da</strong> instalaciebi<br />

iyo gamofenili. iqve iyo diqtoric,<br />

romlis rolsac gela patiaSvili<br />

asruleb<strong>da</strong>. diqtori gareT<br />

performansis msvlelobis Sesaxeb<br />

mayurebels informacias awvdi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

mcire komentarebsac akeTeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

gamofenis gaxsni<strong>da</strong>n zustad erT<br />

saaTSi centraluri komiteti<strong>da</strong>n<br />

miTiTeba movi<strong>da</strong> _ saswrafod <strong>da</strong>exuraT<br />

gamofena. male qarvaslas-<br />

Tan manqanebic gaCer<strong>da</strong>. gamofenis<br />

saswrafo <strong>da</strong>Sla <strong>da</strong> performansis<br />

SeCereba mogvTxoves. ase rom, Tbilisel<br />

mayurebels sul raRac 1 saa-<br />

TiT hqon<strong>da</strong> saSualeba, enaxa, Tu ras<br />

akeTebs avangardistuli moskovi<br />

perestroikis pikSi, rodesac gorbaCovi<br />

imave platformebis <strong>da</strong>brunebas<br />

cdilobs, rogoric 20-iani<br />

istoria<br />

wlebis periodSi iyo _ im periodSi,<br />

rodesac saerTod avangardistuli<br />

xelovneba <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. maSinac, ssrk-s<br />

gariJraJze saqarTvelos futuristebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> avangardisti poetebi stumrobdnen.<br />

axlac, rodesac sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris <strong>da</strong>isis Tu misi sawyisebisken<br />

mibrunebis periodi <strong>da</strong>dga,<br />

<strong>petliura</strong>c swored didi rusi avangardisti<br />

poetis, velimir xlebnikovis<br />

leqsiT <strong>da</strong>mSvenebuli maisuriT<br />

Camovi<strong>da</strong> TbilisSi.<br />

faqtobrivad, es iyo pirveli media<br />

performansi TbilisSi, romlis<br />

obieqtis translacia iqve xdebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

imave drosa <strong>da</strong> adgilas. es ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />

marto konceptualuri<br />

kaprizis Sedegi ar iyo, ubralod<br />

maSindel TbilisSi _ tradiciuli<br />

qveynis, ase Tu ise, progresulad<br />

ganwyobil de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi amgvarad ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong><br />

monawileebis usafrTxoeba.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 88<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 37

istoria<br />

diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi<br />

avtori: qeTi qanTaria<br />

poloneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Cemi<br />

pirveli vizualuri STabeWdileba<br />

kaTolicizms ukavSirdeba. Tormeti<br />

wlis viyavi, mxatvar eJi du<strong>da</strong><br />

graCis gamofenaze rom movxvdi.<br />

maxsovs Cemze maRali a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

duduni Tavs zemoT. es ambavi<br />

38 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

poloneli reJisori anJei vai<strong>da</strong><br />

poloneli marSali jozef pilsudski<br />

moskovSi xdebo<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />

komentarebic im siamtkbilobis<br />

kvalobaze keTdebo<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />

tradiciulad am or qveyanas akav-<br />

Sirebs. maSin gavbrazdi, <strong>da</strong> poloneTTan<br />

Cemi pirveli soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />

momentic es iyo. im asakSi, roca<br />

lex kaCinski <strong>da</strong> nikola sarkozi, varSava, 2008<br />

reJisori anJei Julavski<br />

aviakatastrofaSi <strong>da</strong>RupulTa Camosveneba varSavaSi, 11 aprili 2010<br />

bavSvebis umetesobam geografiac<br />

ki ar icis wesierad, mec <strong>da</strong> zogierT<br />

Cems amxanagsac poloneTisadmi<br />

ukve Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

gvqon<strong>da</strong>. `soli<strong>da</strong>rnosC~,<br />

amerikis xma, Jurnali `amerika~<br />

<strong>da</strong>stebad, romliTac rusuli wera

kiTxva viswavle. aRfrTovanebuli<br />

`xe<strong>da</strong>v, ras Svebian polonelebi?!~<br />

_ erTi sityviT, aseTi iyo paketi,<br />

romliTac Tavisufleba, ase-<br />

Ti <strong>da</strong>uzustebeli definiciiT, SemoiWra<br />

Cvens cxovrebaSi, romelic<br />

CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovan rames<br />

gveubnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gvaRelveb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

eJi du<strong>da</strong> graCis namuSevrebi im<br />

gamofenaze bolojer vnaxe. Cemi<br />

azriT, gansakuTrebulad gamor-<br />

Ceuli mxatvari ar iyo. is CenstoxovoSi,<br />

kaTolikuri msvlelobebis,<br />

wirvebis <strong>da</strong> galobis atmosferoSi<br />

gaizar<strong>da</strong>. mis naxatebSi eklesiuri<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>reva, rogorc maxsovs, gaSar-<br />

Jebuli iyo.<br />

im dReebSi aRmovaCine, rom graCs<br />

religiuri Sinaarsis namuSevrebic<br />

hqonia <strong>da</strong> poloneTSi erT-erTi<br />

eklesiac aqvs moxatuli. mxatvris<br />

bavSvobis STabeWdilebebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

misi religiurobac<br />

<strong>da</strong> satirac gasagebi momeCvena.<br />

samoc<strong>da</strong>aTiani wlebis Semdeg ka-<br />

Tolicizmisadmi polonelebs gansakuTrebiT<br />

intimuri <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

gauCn<strong>da</strong>T. amis mizezi, ra Tqma<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, karol iuzef voitila gax<strong>da</strong>,<br />

papi ioane-pavle II, TiTqmis yoveli<br />

polonelis siamaye, romlis avtoritetma,<br />

`soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCis~ legen<strong>da</strong>sTan<br />

erTad, poloneTi, garkveuli<br />

azriT, unikalur qveynad aqcia.<br />

pani erJbeta<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>narCeni a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

1996 wels Cemi patara bina gavyide<br />

<strong>da</strong> ase Tu ise simpaTiuri Tanxa<br />

poloneTSi samogzaurod ga<strong>da</strong>vinaxe.<br />

mindo<strong>da</strong>, sakuTari TvaliT<br />

menaxa <strong>da</strong> xeliT momesinja is, rac<br />

10-11 wlis asaki<strong>da</strong>n gulSi CamrCa.<br />

ase <strong>da</strong>vsaxldi varSavis erT orsar-<br />

Tulian saxlSi, 82 wlis pani erJbetasTan,<br />

moulodnel tipaJTan,<br />

romelmac pirvelive dRes miambo,<br />

rogor <strong>da</strong>ikarga amas winaT disnei<br />

lendSi. vifiqre, gagviWirdebo<strong>da</strong><br />

Cven-Cveni gansxvavebuli realobebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

urTierToba, magram mas<br />

sul ramdenime dRe <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong> imis<br />

<strong>da</strong>samtkiceblad, rom Cven ors So-<br />

ris realobis ganc<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>karguli<br />

me mqon<strong>da</strong>. pani erJbeta germanisti<br />

iyo <strong>da</strong> omis dros okupantebis Tarjimnad<br />

muSaob<strong>da</strong>. germanelebi namdvili<br />

jentlmenebi iyvnen <strong>da</strong> omis<br />

wlebSi Tavs SesaniSnavad vgrZnobdi,<br />

Citis rZe ar makl<strong>da</strong>o, _ ambob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

kvaSnevskis mTavrobam, rogorc<br />

am periodSi gansakuTrebiT saSiS<br />

samuSaoze (okupantebTan!) momuSave<br />

pirs, seriozuli pensia <strong>da</strong>uniSna.<br />

`rogorc xe<strong>da</strong>vT, _ miTxra isev eSmakurad,<br />

_ yvela kargad gavacure~.<br />

gamomicxa<strong>da</strong>, _ imedi maqvs, saxlSi<br />

rusebs ar SemoaparebTo. pani er-<br />

Jbeta <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli iyo, rom yvela<br />

qarTveli raRaciT mainc rusia,<br />

yovel SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme misi<br />

binis usafrTxoebas exebo<strong>da</strong>, maTi<br />

rusobis bolomde gamoricxva (sifrTxilis<br />

TvalsazrisiT) ar Sei-<br />

Zlebo<strong>da</strong>. rusebis Semoparebis varianti<br />

advilad gamovricxe, ramac<br />

pani erJbeta mTlianad gaabedniera<br />

<strong>da</strong> im dRi<strong>da</strong>n ise Semiyvara, rogorc<br />

Sinauri cxoveli, romelsac<br />

Sin quCaSi napovni WuWyiani moZmeebis<br />

moyvana SeuZlia, magram amas<br />

ucnaurad gamoCenili a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />

Segnebis gamo ar akeTebs. ras niSnavs<br />

qarTveli, erJbetam pirvelad,<br />

82 wlis asakSi gaigo. axalgacnobil<br />

fenomens polonuri gamoTqma<br />

moargo _ `Sarvals vyidi, fraks vitoveb~;<br />

Zveli eWvebisTvisac ki, momibodiSa:<br />

mkacri bavSvoba mqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />

muSis ojaxSi gavizarde <strong>da</strong> realobisTvis<br />

axalgazrdobi<strong>da</strong>n Tvali<br />

maqvs gasworebulio, `Tqven kidev<br />

wignebma <strong>da</strong>gRupaT, wignebma!~ _ momaZaxa<br />

iseve mkacrad, rogorc sCveo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mag codvas ver <strong>da</strong>vibralebmeTqi,<br />

_ gamovtydi. pani erJbetam<br />

xelebi gaSala, _ `ki magram, aba am<br />

poloneTSi ra <strong>da</strong>kargeT!~<br />

me arc is ramdenimeTviani poloneTi<br />

minania <strong>da</strong> arc pani erJbetas<br />

mkacri realobis gacnoba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

imisa, rom is dRemde ver<br />

SevuTavse im sinamdviles, romelic<br />

misi saxlis gareT arsebob<strong>da</strong>:<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, romlebic stabiluri<br />

<strong>da</strong> met-naklebad SeZlebuli cxo-<br />

istoria<br />

vrebis SesaZleblobas ijerebdnen,<br />

ucxos mimarT yovel nabijze<br />

cnobismoyvareobas <strong>da</strong> gulgaxsnilobas<br />

amJRavnebdnen; taqsistebs,<br />

romlebic fuls marto imitom<br />

ar marTmevdnen, rom sayvelpuro<br />

polonuri vicodi; gamyidvlebs,<br />

romlebic mamSvidebdnen, rom poloneTSi<br />

cimbiriviT ar acivdeba;<br />

saSobao sixaruls; Zveli varSavis<br />

yvelaze lamaz quCas, sa<strong>da</strong>c quCis<br />

kafeebSi msxdomi xalxi fexze wamomdgari<br />

ukrav<strong>da</strong> Cems qarTvel<br />

nacnobs taSs, imis gamo, rom saku-<br />

Tar jvrisweraze CoxaSi gamowyobili<br />

midio<strong>da</strong>.<br />

polonuri `promeTeizmi~<br />

saqarTvelosadmi, saerTod kavkasiisadmi<br />

unikaluri soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />

<strong>da</strong> gulwrfeli simpaTiis istoria<br />

mecxramete saukunis ori didi _<br />

1830-31 <strong>da</strong> 1863-64 wlebis _ ajanyebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

iwyeba. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, is, rac<br />

xSirad paralelurad saqarTvelo-<br />

Si xdebo<strong>da</strong>, polonuri meamboxeobis<br />

mxolod susti anarekli iyo, iseve<br />

rogorc Tan moyolili sasjeli <strong>da</strong><br />

sazRauri. ocian wlebamde saqar-<br />

TveloSi polonuri armiis nawilebi<br />

idga. maTi Sin gawvevis Semdeg<br />

polonur mxares saqarTvelos didi<br />

vali <strong>da</strong>rCa, romelic <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />

saqarTvelos mxri<strong>da</strong>n aseTive<br />

didi xelgaSlilobiT epatia, sityvebiT<br />

`qarTuli miwisTvis didi<br />

pativi iyo iseTi brwyinvale eris<br />

Svilebis maspinZloba, rogoric<br />

polonelebi arian~. 1921 wlis Semdeg<br />

poloneTi msoflios erTader-<br />

Ti qveyana iyo, romelic qarTul<br />

emigracias sakuTar miwaze ara mxolod<br />

TavSesafars aZlev<strong>da</strong>, aramed<br />

xelisSemwyob pirobebsac uqmni<strong>da</strong>.<br />

polonurma armiam samxedro pirebs<br />

araTu Cinebi SeunarCuna, aramed<br />

xelsayreli kontraqtebic <strong>da</strong>udo.<br />

qarTuli emigracia yvelaze Rirseulad<br />

swored poloneTSi gamoiyurebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

gamicvnia iseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />

visac es xalxi axsov<strong>da</strong>, vis<br />

mSoblebTanac isini megobrobdnen<br />

<strong>da</strong> ojaxebSi stumrobdnen. swored<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 39

istoria<br />

ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi paradoqsuli situaciaa Seqmnili. poloneTi, slavuri qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

yvelaze evropuli, aRmosavleTis yofili bloki<strong>da</strong>n yvelaze pro<strong>da</strong>savluri saxelmwifoa,<br />

romelsac 2004 wels ocneba ausrul<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> evropis sabWos wevri gax<strong>da</strong>. Tumca, axla Tavad qmnis<br />

<strong>da</strong>brkolebebs evropis gzaze <strong>da</strong> Tavs TviTizolaciaSi iqcevs.<br />

maTi gamorCeulobis gamo, aTwleulebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo<br />

poloneTi<strong>da</strong>n iseTi Can<strong>da</strong>, rogorebic<br />

gvindo<strong>da</strong> vyofiliyaviT, magram<br />

ar viyaviT. prezidenti lex<br />

kaCinskic im polonelebis ricxvs<br />

ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>.<br />

11 noembers, <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis<br />

dRes pilsudskis moe<strong>da</strong>nze gaviare.<br />

maintereseb<strong>da</strong>, ra moxdebo<strong>da</strong><br />

am dRes. aRlumi <strong>da</strong> baTqa-buTqi ar<br />

yofila, saRamosken ki cxovrebaSi<br />

pirvelad <strong>da</strong> ukanasknelad vnaxe<br />

brZolis veli: rogor uaxlovdebian<br />

erTmaneTs mowinaaRmdegeebis<br />

naxevarkilometriani mwkrivebi,<br />

rogor Caxe<strong>da</strong>ven erTmaneTs TvalebSi.<br />

mere es ori zoli, erT-ormetriani<br />

distanciis SenarCunebiT,<br />

saaTis isariviT <strong>da</strong>trial<strong>da</strong>. Tumca,<br />

maT Soris manZili ar Semcirebula.<br />

pirvelebma raRac gaugebris<br />

ZaxiliT _ `normalurebma~ _ `erTi<br />

rasa, kacTa modgmas~ _ ase itriales<br />

<strong>da</strong> male <strong>da</strong>iSalnen, ise, rom<br />

erTmaneTs arc ki Sexebian. im dRes<br />

verc erTma nacnobma ver amixsna,<br />

ra vnaxe. magram erTi STabeWdileba<br />

ki maxsovs: vfiqrobdi, rom rac<br />

un<strong>da</strong> mavne <strong>da</strong> suleluri tendencia<br />

iyos, am qveyanaSi, etyoba, pasuxis<br />

gamcemi adekvaturi Zala yovel-<br />

Tvis moinaxeba-meTqi. igives Tqma<br />

maT aRmosavlel mezoblebze Zneli<br />

iqneba, polonelebi ki sazogadoebrivad<br />

mgrZnobiare xalxia. amas<br />

albaT amboxebebisadmi tradiciuli<br />

midrekileba <strong>da</strong> soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />

niWic ganapirobebs. imave wels,<br />

poloneTSi yofnisas vnaxe, ra kargad<br />

icodnen am qveyanaSi CeCneTis<br />

movlenebi, rogori Tav<strong>da</strong>debiT<br />

gulSematkivrobdnen <strong>da</strong> aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T<br />

yvelaferi, rac SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong><br />

mcodno<strong>da</strong>, magram me maSin araferi<br />

vicodi <strong>da</strong>, garkveul mizezTa gamo,<br />

40 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

romlebic maSin aqtualuri gveCvenebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

arc maintereseb<strong>da</strong>. amis-<br />

Tvis bevr polonels araerTxel<br />

Sevurcxvenivar. poloneTi iyo<br />

qveyana, romelic sakmao enTuziazmiT<br />

iReb<strong>da</strong> CeCen ltolvilebs <strong>da</strong><br />

TavSesafars aZlev<strong>da</strong>. lex kaCinskim<br />

varSavis merobisas qalaqis erTerT<br />

moe<strong>da</strong>ns joxar du<strong>da</strong>evis saxeli<br />

mianiWa. Znelia zustad Tqma,<br />

rodis mox<strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>texa, magram<br />

dRes am qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

patara qalaqebSi, CeCen ltolvilebs<br />

didi problemebi eqmnebaT.<br />

ltolvilebi amas maTi kaTolicizmis<br />

momZlavrebis fonze islamisadmi<br />

agresiiT xsnian. samagierod,<br />

saqarTvelos qristianuli istoria<br />

aRfrTovanebas iwvevs. Cemi iq yofnis<br />

dros ki CeCnebi bevri polonelisTvis<br />

nomeri pirveli eri iyo.<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, es antirusuli Jestic<br />

iyo, magram ara mxolod es _<br />

`<strong>da</strong>umorCilebelTa geneologiis~<br />

mqone kidev erTma xalxma bunebrivad<br />

<strong>da</strong>ipyro polonelebis gulebi.<br />

ise, im wlebSic ki, axalgazr<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

did nawils ruseTisadmi<br />

sruliad neitraluri <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong>. ruseTi ubralod ar<br />

aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T. es gulgriloba,<br />

araafeqturi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, rogorc<br />

Cans, ukve poloneTis saboloo<br />

gamarjvebis niSani iyo.<br />

eklesia, `kanoni<br />

<strong>da</strong> samarTlianoba~<br />

2005 wels, poloneTis saparlamento<br />

arCevnebamde erTi TviT<br />

adre romis papma benediqte XVI-m<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> petres moe<strong>da</strong>nze tradiciuli<br />

saerTo locvis dros Tqva, rom<br />

am arCevnebis saTanadod <strong>da</strong>srulebisTvis<br />

loculobs. gancxadeba<br />

sensaciurad, metic, did Secdomad<br />

iqna miCneuli: romis paps arc<br />

erTi qveynis politikiT metismeti<br />

<strong>da</strong>intereseba ar Seefereba. yovel<br />

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac germania prezidents<br />

irCev<strong>da</strong>, warmoSobiT germanel<br />

paps es movlena xsenebis Rirsad<br />

ar CauTvlia.<br />

poloneTSi kaTolikuri eklesia<br />

istoriis yvela etapze umniSvnelovanes<br />

rols asruleb<strong>da</strong>, dRes ki<br />

poloneTi evropis yvelaze kaTolikuri<br />

qveyanaa, romis papis mTavari<br />

<strong>da</strong>sayrdeni <strong>da</strong>savleTSi. ukve Tormeti<br />

welia, poloneTma aRadgina<br />

1925 wels vatikansa <strong>da</strong> poloneTis<br />

meore respublikas Soris <strong>da</strong>debuli<br />

konkor<strong>da</strong>ti, romliTac eklesias<br />

_ sazogadoebriv sferoSi Carevis<br />

ufleba, Tavad ki praqtikulad SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi<br />

Zalaufleba mieca.<br />

paps kaTolike episkoposebmac<br />

mihbaZes <strong>da</strong> kaTolike amomrCevels<br />

rCeviT mimarTes: sasurveli partia<br />

Riad ar <strong>da</strong>usaxelebiaT, magram im<br />

Zalis arCeva mouwodes, romelic<br />

`ojaxis <strong>da</strong> qorwinebis siwmindes~<br />

<strong>da</strong>icavs, evTanaziisa <strong>da</strong> abortis<br />

winaaRmdeg gailaSqrebs. saarCevno<br />

programaSi aseTi <strong>da</strong>pireba or partias<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong>: nakleb perspeqtiul<br />

`polonuri ojaxebis ligas~ <strong>da</strong> `kanons<br />

<strong>da</strong> samarTlianobas~, lex <strong>da</strong><br />

iaroslav kaCinskebis partias.<br />

ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi paradoqsuli<br />

situaciaa Seqmnili.<br />

poloneTi, slavuri qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

yvelaze evropuli, aRmosavleTis<br />

yofili bloki<strong>da</strong>n yvelaze pro<strong>da</strong>savluri<br />

saxelmwifoa, romelsac<br />

2004 wels ocneba ausrul<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

evropis sabWos wevri gax<strong>da</strong>. Tumca,<br />

axla Tavad qmnis <strong>da</strong>brkolebebs<br />

evropis gzaze <strong>da</strong> Tavs TviTizolaciaSi<br />

iqcevs.<br />

2005 wels krakovis mTavar moe<strong>da</strong>nze<br />

Zalian saintereso mitingi<br />

gaimarTa. ramdenime aseuli a<strong>da</strong>mia

ni poloneTis mefed ieso qristes<br />

aRiarebas moiTxov<strong>da</strong>. es albaT am<br />

qveyanaSi religiuri rwmenis yvelaze<br />

briyvuli gamovlineba iyo.<br />

yovel SemTxvevaSi, aSkaraa, rom<br />

poloneli amomrCevlis did nawils<br />

sulac ar sWirdeba karnaxi, vis<br />

misces xma arCevnebSi, rodesac arsebobs<br />

partia, romelic mas kaTolikuri<br />

Rirebulebebis saxelmwifo<br />

doneze <strong>da</strong>cvas hpirdeba. 2005 wlis<br />

dekemberSi kidev gasakviri iyo, rom<br />

partiis `kanoni <strong>da</strong> samarTlianoba~<br />

liders, dRes tragikulad <strong>da</strong>Ru-<br />

anJei vai<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>saReb moe<strong>da</strong>nze, poloneTi 1989<br />

pul lex kaCinskis, xmaTa mxolod<br />

54% <strong>da</strong>ugrov<strong>da</strong>, mis mTavar konkurents,<br />

liberal tusks ki _ 45%.<br />

bolo Tvis ganmavlobaSi poloneTSi<br />

gaCn<strong>da</strong> imis precedentebi, rom<br />

erT-erT saprezidento kandi<strong>da</strong>ts,<br />

tragikulad <strong>da</strong>Rupuli prezidentis<br />

Zmas, iaroslav kaCinskis kani<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>turis<br />

warsadgenad saWiro xmebs eklesiebSi<br />

ugroveben. `kanonma <strong>da</strong> samar-<br />

Tlianobam~ kaTolike amomrCevels<br />

ukve Seusrula is, rasac winasaar-<br />

Cveno periodSi <strong>da</strong>hpir<strong>da</strong>. eklesiis<br />

idea iyo umetesobisTvis sayvareli,<br />

poloneTi, g<strong>da</strong>nski, 1981<br />

istoria<br />

<strong>sxvebi</strong>sTvis ki retrogradi prezidentis,<br />

lex kaCinskis eris `wmi<strong>da</strong>Tawmi<strong>da</strong>~<br />

adgilas _ vavelSi <strong>da</strong>krZalvac,<br />

poloneTis mefeebis, Sopenis <strong>da</strong><br />

mickeviCis gverdiT.<br />

poloneTis kaTolikurma eklesiam<br />

Tavis droze STaagona <strong>da</strong> Sekra erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebelimoZraoba.<br />

saqarTvelos msgavsad, eklesia <strong>da</strong><br />

sarwmunoeba swored am aspeqtma aqcia<br />

nacionaluri eTikis safuZvlad.<br />

Tumca, wignis `<strong>da</strong>umorCilebelTa<br />

geneologiis~ avtori, bog<strong>da</strong>n civinski,<br />

romelic ganmaTavisuflebel<br />

poloneTi, g<strong>da</strong>nski, 1988<br />

poloneli generali iaruzelski <strong>da</strong><br />

gdr-is prezidenti erix honekeri, berlini, 1982<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 41<br />

soni rolinzi, scenaze gasvlis win, niu-iorki, 1961 weli soni rolinzi, <strong>da</strong> atilio rota, milani, 1963 weli

istoria<br />

`paradoqsuli ram mox<strong>da</strong> _ sovietizmis kraxis Semdeg poloneTs raRac sxva `sabWouroba~<br />

<strong>da</strong>emarTa. glexuri sijiute. eklesiisadmi usazRvro ndoba, TiTqmis iseTi, rogorc sabWoeTSi<br />

_ partiis mimarT, politikuri niSnuli gax<strong>da</strong>. qveynis beds ironiulRimiliani kverTxisTavebi<br />

wyveten, romlebsac nacionalizmis, antisemitizmis <strong>da</strong> provinciuli mesianobis wylulebi<br />

awuxebT~.<br />

brZolaSi polonuri inteligenciis<br />

rolze wers, aRniSnavs, rom Tu polonel<br />

inteligentsa <strong>da</strong> kaTolikur<br />

eklesias Soris arsebul konfliqts<br />

ar vaxsenebT, suraTi upatieblad<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxinjdeba. avtori am konfliqtis<br />

erT-erT aspeqtad sazogadoebrivi<br />

moRvaweobis eTikur principebs asaxelebs,<br />

winaaRmdegobis safuZvlad<br />

ki _ socialur eTikas, romelsac<br />

kaTolike poloneli <strong>da</strong> radikali<br />

inteligenti gansxvavebulad aRiqvamdnen.<br />

civinskis miaCnia, rom XX<br />

saukunis polonurma kaTolikobam<br />

mniSvnelovani ganaxleba ganica<strong>da</strong>,<br />

ris wyalobiTac qveynis inteligenciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloeba moaxerxa.<br />

inteligencia<br />

<strong>da</strong> inteleqtualebi<br />

terminebis _ `inteligencia~<br />

<strong>da</strong> `inteleqtualebi~ _ Sejaxeba<br />

poloneTSic mox<strong>da</strong>, Tumca pirvelTaTvis<br />

iq es iseTi kraxiT ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>srulebula, rogorc CvenSi.<br />

diskusiebSi xSirad axseneben xolme,<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>savluri tipis inteleqtualebi<br />

polonur sazogadoebriv<br />

cxovrebaSi XX saukunis 30-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

Semodian. imasac amboben, rom<br />

inteligencia, polonur-rusuli<br />

gagebiT, <strong>da</strong>savleTSi ar arsebobs;<br />

arsebobs saSualo klasi, romelic<br />

male poloneTSic momZlavrdeba <strong>da</strong><br />

inteligencias wamyvan poziciebs<br />

mTlianad CamoarTmevs.<br />

mariuS cesliaki 2009 wlis seqtembris<br />

`niusuiqSi~ uaryofs komunizmis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mxobaSi inteligenciis<br />

rols, <strong>da</strong> `kanonis <strong>da</strong> samarTlianobis~<br />

poziciebis Sesustebas. mas<br />

axseneben, rom, magaliTad, italiaSi<br />

sityva intellighenzia dRemde polonuri<br />

(ruseTis pirvel inteligentebad<br />

dekabristebi <strong>da</strong> maTi Tana-<br />

42 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

moazreebi iTvlebian. pirvelebi<br />

Tavad-aznaurebi<strong>da</strong>n, vinc, maT<strong>da</strong><br />

gasakvirad, 1812 wlis omSi aRmoa-<br />

Cina, rom Turme glexic a<strong>da</strong>miania,<br />

metic, patriotia. polonuri inteligencia<br />

ki, rogorc Cans, me-18<br />

saukunis bolos iSva, respublikur<br />

<strong>da</strong> demokratiul principebTan er-<br />

Tad) an rusuli transkrifciiT ixmareba.<br />

asea Tu ise, Cvengan gansxvavebiT,<br />

ramdenime aseuli, rogorc<br />

axla amboben, `cnobadi~ konformistis<br />

gamo, polonelebs umadurad ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>uviwyniaT aTobiT aTasi a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />

romlebic ori saukunis ganmavloba-<br />

Si im idealebs amkvidrebdnen, risac<br />

Tavad swam<strong>da</strong>T. poloneTSi marTlac<br />

iyo <strong>da</strong> dRemde aris _ kaTolikuri<br />

inteligencia, liberaluri inteligencia,<br />

nacionalisturi <strong>da</strong> Sereuli<br />

tipis kidev sxva (periodebis<br />

mixedviT) inteligencia, <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

roli ama Tu im xanis movlenebis<br />

warmarTvaSi Zalian mniSvnelovania.<br />

poloneTSi, bevri sxva qveynisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT, masonuri organizaciebic<br />

ki erovnul elfers<br />

atareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> antirusul revoluciur<br />

moZraobaSi saintereso rols<br />

TamaSobdnen. mecxramete saukunis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sawyisSi maiorma lukasianskim<br />

`Tavisufali erovnuli masonobis~<br />

sazogadoeba <strong>da</strong>aarsa. masonobis<br />

simboluri niSnebic gaerovnulebuli<br />

iyo: hirami _ <strong>da</strong>qucmacebuli<br />

poloneTi iyo, misi sami mkvleli _<br />

avstriis, prusiis <strong>da</strong> ruseTis monarqebi,<br />

romlebmac is <strong>da</strong>inawiles,<br />

Svilebi _ revolucioneri poloneli<br />

masonebi. rusi dekabristebis<br />

SeTqmuleba rom gamoaSkarav<strong>da</strong>, maT-<br />

Tan urTierTobaSi myofi poloneli<br />

masonebic <strong>da</strong>apatimres. Tumca, poloneTis<br />

seimma isini samxedro <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebad<br />

ki ar cno, konstituciis<br />

Tanaxmad, saidumlo organizaciis<br />

wevrobisTvis gaasamarTla <strong>da</strong> msubuqad<br />

<strong>da</strong>saja, ris gamoc, nikoloz<br />

I-sgan Seirisxa. Tumca, es is konstitucia<br />

ar iyo, romliTac polonelebi<br />

ase amayoben.<br />

pirveli polonuri konstitucia<br />

1791 wlis 3 maiss miiRes, safrangeTze<br />

naxevari wliT adre <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />

is evropis yvelaze Zvel<br />

konstituciad iTvleba, rac absoluturi<br />

monarqiebiT garSemortymuli<br />

qveynisTvis progresul momentad<br />

miiCneva. magram ori wlis<br />

Semdeg qveyanas amave monarqiebma<br />

mouRes bolo _ samwuxarod, polonelive<br />

magnatebis <strong>da</strong> umsxvilesi<br />

miwaTmflobelebis xelSewyobiT.<br />

nacionalisturi inteligenciis<br />

bevri warmomadgeneli 40-iani wlebis<br />

bolos memarjvene nacionaluklonizmSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>naSaules <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>apatimres. 1956 wels poznanis mu-<br />

SaTa ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg maTi<br />

roli uaRresad Semcir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> win wamoiwia<br />

kaTolikurma inteligenciam,<br />

romlis gavlena mas Semdeg Zveleburad<br />

Zlieria. <strong>da</strong> Tuki perioduli<br />

ukan <strong>da</strong>xeva mainc arsebob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

`soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCis~ wlebSi, saidumlo<br />

samsaxurebis mier gavleniani inteleqtualis,<br />

qsenZ eJi pepeliuSkos<br />

sadisturi mkvlelobis Semdeg mox<strong>da</strong><br />

is, rom polonuri kapitalizmis<br />

ideebma socializmis ideebi mkve-<br />

Trad Caanacvla <strong>da</strong> es suraTi mas<br />

Semdeg di<strong>da</strong>d aRarc Secvlila.<br />

Tavisufali, stiqiuri<br />

poloneTi<br />

mudmivi oponirebis Tu Ria <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, polonuri<br />

kultura yovelTvis, yvelaze<br />

mZafri konfrontaciis periodeb-<br />

Sic ki Ria iyo yovelive saukeTe-

sos mimarT, rac ruseTSi iqmnebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

legen<strong>da</strong>rul 80-ian wlebSic ki<br />

poloneTi, rusuli dramaturgiis<br />

inscenirebis mxriv, msoflioSi<br />

pirvel adgilze idga. es im Tavisuflebis<br />

erT-erTi gamovlineba iyo,<br />

romelsac kaTolikuri, tradiciuli<br />

poloneTi xorcs asxam<strong>da</strong> xelovnebaSi<br />

_ tradiciuli meamboxeobis<br />

meore saxe. ise<strong>da</strong>c, eklesiuroba<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove polonuri xelovnebis<br />

Tavawyvetili niWiereba (masSi<br />

kaTolike qristianis gansjac bevria<br />

<strong>da</strong> religiurobisgan <strong>da</strong>clili<br />

`eresic~) am qveyanaSi erTmaneTis<br />

gverdigverd uproblemod Tanaarsebob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

es kargad Cans polonuri<br />

warmoSobis erTi amerikeli kritikosis<br />

werilSi, roca is wers eJi<br />

grotovskize, rogorc polonuri<br />

xasiaTis stiqiur, dionisur gamovlinebaze<br />

_ rom arsebobs sxva<br />

grotovskic, privatuli, formalurobis<br />

niSnebCamocilebuli.<br />

pirveli dro<strong>da</strong>dro mickeviCis <strong>da</strong><br />

Sopenis maRal romantikul tradiciis<br />

elementebs amJRavnebs; magram<br />

arsebobs polonelis meore tipic,<br />

romelsac grotovski sakuTar Tav-<br />

Si atareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelic aranakleb<br />

istoria<br />

stereotipulia _ bneli, saeWvo,<br />

konspiratori, kontrabandisti <strong>da</strong><br />

maqinatori, iseTi, germaniis sarkinigzo<br />

sadgurebis <strong>da</strong> mdidruli<br />

sastumroebis mi<strong>da</strong>moebSi rom<br />

trialebdnen <strong>da</strong> gulSi Savbnel<br />

zraxvebs atareben. personaJi, romelic<br />

Seqspiris <strong>da</strong> Jan Jenes kalamTa<br />

TanamSromlobiT SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong><br />

Seqmniliyo; SesaZloa, dostoevskiseuli<br />

personaJi. albaT amitom gamovi<strong>da</strong><br />

vai<strong>da</strong>s `avsulebi~ rusulze<br />

bevrad ufro rusuli filmi.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 89<br />

poloneTi, varSava, 1944 poloneli marSali jozef pilsudski, varSava 1926<br />

axali arqiepiskoposi iozef kovalCiki samgloviaro ceremonialze, poloneTi, varSava, 17 aprili 2010<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 43

istoria<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />

44 cxeli Sokoladi

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Canawerebi<br />

TadeuS kantori _ reJisori, reformatori <strong>da</strong> winaswarmetyveli<br />

avtori: <strong>da</strong>viT buxrikiZe<br />

misi warmodgenebi cu<strong>da</strong>d momarTuli<br />

manekenebis, groteskulad metyveli<br />

Tojinebisa <strong>da</strong> mkvdreTiT aRmdgari a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

droebiT zeims waagavs. TiTqos<br />

amqveyniuri vnebebisTvis adgili aRar<br />

<strong>da</strong>rCaT. odnav ganaTebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianimanekenebi,<br />

aqromatulad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili<br />

scenografia <strong>da</strong> sagangebod ariTmiuli,<br />

texili reJisura <strong>da</strong>mcinavi sikvdilis<br />

mniSvnelobas gvamcnobs: minoruli valsis<br />

TanxlebiT, magram maJoruli epitafiiT.<br />

misi gamomwvevi, magram siaxlis Segr-<br />

ZnebiT gamorCeuli sasceno esTetika<br />

meoce saukunis xelovnebis istoriaSi<br />

`sikvdilis Teatris~ saxelwodebiT Sevi<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Tumca mudmivi TviTganaxlebis surviliT<br />

aRbeWdili eqsperimentebi xSirad<br />

gamx<strong>da</strong>ra mZafri kritikis sagani. vizualur<br />

xelovnebasTan nazavi misi hefeningebi<br />

jer kidev 40-50-ian wlebSi krakovSi,<br />

aRmosavleT evropis `mcire Teatralur<br />

renesanss~ moaswaveb<strong>da</strong>; xolo 70-ian wlebSi<br />

ganxorcielebuli speqtaklebi (msaxiobis<br />

gancdisa <strong>da</strong> eqspresiis gareSe,<br />

rasac xSirad `nulovan Teatrsac~ uwodeben),<br />

tradiciul dramaturgiasa <strong>da</strong><br />

klasikur Teatrs SeCveuli publikisa-<br />

Tvis marTlac Sokis momgvreli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

gamomwvevad nonkonformistuli, vizualurad<br />

uCveulo <strong>da</strong> ideologiisgan<br />

Tavisufali warmodgenebi, krakovis Teatr<br />

`kriko 2~-Si Seiqmna, romelTa avtoria<br />

evropuli Teatris erT-erT udidesi<br />

eqsperimentatori, aRiarebuli poloneli<br />

reJisori, mxatvari <strong>da</strong> scenografi<br />

TadeuS kantori. meore msoflio omis<br />

Semdeg Tavisi mravalricxovani performansebiT<br />

man erT-erTma pirvelma uaryo<br />

klasikuri Teatris ena, amxila misi yalbi<br />

pompezuroba <strong>da</strong> gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />

siRaribe. Sesabamisad, Secvala Teatrisa-<br />

istoria<br />

dmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, misi socialuri <strong>da</strong><br />

kulturuli mniSvneloba.<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~,<br />

rogorc politikuri mexsiereba<br />

ratom TadeuS kantori <strong>da</strong> ratom swored<br />

dRes? iseTi didi Teatraluri tradiciebiT<br />

mdi<strong>da</strong>r qveyanaSi, rogoric poloneTia,<br />

sxva saxelovani reJisorebic<br />

mravlad iyvnen <strong>da</strong> arian: eJi grotovski,<br />

anjei vai<strong>da</strong>, konrad Svinarski, iozef Saina,<br />

kristian lupa... Tumca, Cemi azriT,<br />

am kiTxvaze pasuxi sabediswero politikuri<br />

SemTxveviTobisa <strong>da</strong> didi xelovnebis<br />

idumal kavSirSi un<strong>da</strong> veZioT. ufro<br />

konkretulad ki 1975 wels, kantoris<br />

mier krakovSi <strong>da</strong>dgmuli `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasisa~<br />

<strong>da</strong> 2010 wlis 10 aprils, smolenskSi<br />

Camovardnili TviTmfrinavis tragikul<br />

<strong>da</strong> paradoqsul ga<strong>da</strong>ZaxilSi. luis bunueli<br />

xSirad ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom xelovneba<br />

uswrebs cxovrebas...<br />

1975 wels (<strong>da</strong>axloebiT im dros, rodesac<br />

robert sturuam `kavkasiuri carcis<br />

wre~ <strong>da</strong>dga) TadeuS kantorma krakovSi,<br />

mis mierve <strong>da</strong>arsebul TeatrSi, saxelwodebiT<br />

`kriko 2~, pirvelad uCvena speqtakli<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~. maSin veravin ifiqreb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom patara, nacrisfer saklaso<br />

oTaxSi gamomwyvdeuli, meore msoflio<br />

omis dros gar<strong>da</strong>cvlili <strong>da</strong> reJisoris<br />

fantaziiT gacocxlebuli es ucnauri<br />

personaJebi _ bavSvebi, moxucebi, qvrivebi,<br />

samxedroebi, ebraelebi, mlocvelebi,<br />

pensionerebi, xelmocaruli axalgazrdebi<br />

Tu araerotikulad momlodine qalebi<br />

didi Teatraluri misteriis nawilad<br />

iqceodnen. iseve, rogorc veravin warmoidgen<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom 2010 wels aviakatastrofaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>Rupuli poloneTis politikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> samxedro elitis <strong>da</strong>krZalvis ceremonia<br />

lamis `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Teatralur<br />

metaforas <strong>da</strong>emsgavsebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 45

istoria<br />

ase ucnaurad, sabediswerod <strong>da</strong><br />

moulodnelad gaeriTma erTmaneTs<br />

didi reJisoris mxatvruli gamonagoni<br />

<strong>da</strong> dRevandeli politikuri<br />

realoba; meore msoflio omis STabeWdilebebiT<br />

nakvebi Teatraluri<br />

xilvebi <strong>da</strong> amave omSi, katinis<br />

maxloblad <strong>da</strong>Rupuli poloneli<br />

oficrebis ZebnaSi <strong>da</strong>ferflili<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebis sicocxle; gar<strong>da</strong>suli<br />

Teatraluri sigiJe <strong>da</strong> dRevandeli<br />

politikuri cinizmi. TadeuS kantorma<br />

lamis winaswarmetyveliviT<br />

<strong>da</strong>asabuTa, rom Teatris efemeruli,<br />

warmavali <strong>da</strong> sizmariviT naqsovi samyaro<br />

mudmivad waagavs sikvdilTan<br />

<strong>da</strong> aCrdilebTan TamaSs; maSinac ki,<br />

rodesac am TamaSSi yovlisSemZle<br />

`kgb~ TiTqmis ar monawileobs.<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~ dRes ara mxolod<br />

Teatris brwyinvale warsuls<br />

asaxavs, aramed am warsuli<strong>da</strong>n gadmoyolil<br />

politikur mexsierebasac<br />

ufrTxildeba. poloneTis<br />

erovnul kompleqsebs, patriotul<br />

siamayes Tu aracnobier SiSebs Ti-<br />

46 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

Tqmis yovelTvis gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong><br />

or didi qveynis _ germaniisa <strong>da</strong><br />

ruseTis mezobloba. <strong>da</strong> ar aris<br />

gasakviri, rom TadeuS kantoric<br />

am socialur-politikuri velis<br />

`kulturuli~ tyvea. miT umetes,<br />

rom is galiciaSi, patara qalaq velopoleSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>, romelic 1916<br />

wels jer kidev ruseTis imperias<br />

ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sagnebi <strong>da</strong> msaxiobebi<br />

kantori krakovis samxatvro<br />

akademiaSi, scenografiis fakultetze<br />

swavlob<strong>da</strong>. jer kidev studentobisas<br />

germanuli eqspresionizmisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> arqiteqturis (kerZod,<br />

`bauhauzis~) gavleniT, samxatvro<br />

akademiis scenaze meterlinkis simbolisturi<br />

piesebi <strong>da</strong>dga, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

personaJebi marionetul figurebad<br />

aqcia. amdenad, maSinve gamoikveTa<br />

misi interesebi TeatrSi _<br />

mxatvrobis aqcentireba, scenografiis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong><br />

performansi.<br />

misi kritikuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

tradiciuli Teatrisadmi meore<br />

msoflio omma <strong>da</strong> totalurma ngrevam<br />

kidev ufro gaamZafra. germanuli<br />

okupaciis pirobebSi kantori<br />

dgams slovackis `baladinas~ (1942)<br />

<strong>da</strong> vispianskis `odisevsis <strong>da</strong>brunebas~<br />

(1943). am warmodgenebSi sagnebma<br />

ukve ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mxatvruli<br />

mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> didi masStabi Sei-<br />

Zina. mis warmodgenebSi Cndeba bibliuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> absurduli aluziebi,<br />

omiT <strong>da</strong>saxiCrebuli evropis metafizikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> pesimisturi teqstebi,<br />

SeSlilTa leqsebi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cvlil-<br />

Ta gamocxadebebi, <strong>da</strong> es yvelaferi<br />

sagnebisa <strong>da</strong> dekoraciis mniSvnelobis<br />

fonze; radgan, kantoris<br />

azriT, `sagnebi msaxiobebTan erTad<br />

Tanabrad inawileben <strong>da</strong> gansazRvraven<br />

warmodgenis mniSvnelobas~.<br />

eqsperimentuli xelovnebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

scenografiis siRrmiseulma Seswavlam<br />

Tavisi kvali <strong>da</strong>aCnia krakovis<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebel TeatrSi <strong>da</strong>dgmul<br />

warmodgenebsac. kantoris idea

`sagani-msaxiobi~ srula<strong>da</strong>a realizebuli<br />

`odisevsis <strong>da</strong>brunebaSi~,<br />

romelic naxevrad <strong>da</strong>ngreul SenobaSi<br />

TamaSdeba. rekviziti mxolod<br />

meore msoflio omis droindeli<br />

realuri nivTebia, romelic TiTqmis<br />

`erwymis~ msaxiobis TamaSsa <strong>da</strong><br />

mis saarsebo sivrces. Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mogvianebiT,<br />

50-ian wlebSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> `simbiozis~<br />

idea, rac, kantoris azriT,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> sagnis urTierTobaSi<br />

axal etaps moaswavebs. magaliTad<br />

personaJi, romelic scenaze mudmivad<br />

TojiniT Semodis, rac mis axalgazrdobas<br />

aRniSnavs. an a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

karadiT, a<strong>da</strong>miani skamiT, a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

sabavSvo etliT <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

Teatr `kriko 2~-is <strong>da</strong>badeba TadeuS<br />

kantoris mier 50-ian wlebSi<br />

ganxorcielebuli mravalricxovani<br />

eqsperimentebis logikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong>sasruli iyo. performansi saxelwodebiT<br />

`TamaSebi vitkeviCTan~<br />

(1956) mweral stanislav vitkeviCis<br />

scenuri xatebis Teatris simbolod<br />

iqca, romelsac mogvianebiT<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri Teatri~ uwo<strong>da</strong>. es yvelaferi<br />

stalinis sikvdilisa <strong>da</strong><br />

polonuri `ottepelis~ periodSi<br />

xdeba, roca mas ukve legalurad<br />

mieca saSualeba, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />

emuSava, Tanac _ yovelgvari cenzuris<br />

gareSe.<br />

ukve 60-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>savleT<br />

evropam misi obieqtebi, instalaciebi<br />

Tu hefeningebi aRmoaCina:<br />

`patara mamuli~ (1962), `SeSlili<br />

<strong>da</strong> monazoni (1963), `wylis qaTami~<br />

(1967), `lamazebi <strong>da</strong> maxinjebi~<br />

(1970), rac informaciuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

mniSvnelovani garRveva<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. Tumca, kulturul sabWoeTs<br />

didi polonelis arc erTi<br />

speqtakli ar unaxavs _ arc Zveli<br />

<strong>da</strong> arc axali... mxolod erTxel,<br />

didi xnis win `sabWoTa xelovneba-<br />

Si~ wavikiTxe baton no<strong>da</strong>r gurabaniZis<br />

vrceli werili kantorze,<br />

romlis yvelaze didi speqtakli<br />

_ `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~ mas edinburgis<br />

saerTaSoriso Teatralur festivalze<br />

enaxa.<br />

istoria<br />

80-iani wlebis bolos ukve asakovani<br />

TadeuS kantori xelmZRvanelobs<br />

milanSi gamarTul dramatuli xelovnebis<br />

seminars, romelSic misi Teatris<br />

Tayvanismcemlebi, reJisorebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> msaxiobebi monawileoben. <strong>da</strong>swreba<br />

SezRudulia, radgan kantori sakmaod<br />

Caketili <strong>da</strong> idumali pirovneba<br />

iyo. albaT, amiTac un<strong>da</strong> aixsnas misi<br />

iSviaTi gamoCena teleekranze, iseve _<br />

rogorc sakmaod SezRuduli <strong>da</strong> limitirebuli<br />

urTierToba presasTan.<br />

seminaris <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg, gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebamde<br />

ramdenime TviT adre<br />

(kantori 1990 wels gar<strong>da</strong>icvala)<br />

aqveynebs wigns saxelwodebiT `milanis<br />

seminari~, romelSic Tormeti<br />

Cawerili leqciaa Tanamedrove Teatris<br />

Sesaxeb. es, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,<br />

unikaluri wignia ara<br />

marto sxarti <strong>da</strong> uSualo eniT, aramed<br />

avtoris <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT Teatrisadmi<br />

<strong>da</strong> movlenebis gadmocemis<br />

iSviaTi eqspresiiT. es faqtobrivad<br />

erTaderTi wignia, sa<strong>da</strong>c meoce<br />

saukunis erT-erTi didi reJisori<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 47

istoria<br />

qaosurad, magram SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad<br />

zustad ayalibebs sakuTar Teorias<br />

Tanamedrove Teatris Sesaxeb.<br />

fragmentebi wigni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

`milanis seminari~<br />

msurs magiuri sityviT _ `Seswavla~,<br />

<strong>da</strong>viwyo. ar mrcxvenia am sityvis<br />

warmoTqma 71 wlis asakSic,<br />

radgan yovelTvis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n viwyebdi<br />

<strong>da</strong> es niSnavs, rom vswavlobdi.<br />

ferwerac im droi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>viwye,<br />

roca pirvelad aRmovaCine, rom<br />

didi franguli mxatvroba arsebobs.<br />

magram poloneTSi amis naxva<br />

SeuZlebeli iyo, amitom klasikosebis<br />

gacnobas wignebiT <strong>da</strong> reproduqciebiT<br />

Sevudeqi.<br />

es ar yofila arc saskolo <strong>da</strong>valeba,<br />

arc iZulebiT momzadebuli<br />

gakveTilebi, radgan yvelaze metad<br />

warmosaxva mexmarebo<strong>da</strong>. warmosaxva<br />

ki yovelTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania.<br />

maxsovs, pirveli realuri Sexvedra<br />

frangul ferwerasTan 1947<br />

48 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

wels Sedga, magram es is ar iyo, rasac<br />

velodi. ufro zustad, es materialuri<br />

SegrZnebebis gamoc<strong>da</strong>s<br />

hgav<strong>da</strong>, romelsac araferi aqvs<br />

saerTo warmosaxvasTan. <strong>da</strong> amis Semdeg<br />

reJisuraSic <strong>da</strong> Semoqmedeba-<br />

Sic yovelTvis warmosaxvas varCev.<br />

Semoqmedeba pirvel rigSi saku-<br />

Tari Tavis aRmoCenas hgavs. es<br />

Taviseburi mogzaurobaa, Seswavla,<br />

axali teritoriebis gacnoba.<br />

rodesac ggonia, rom raRacas mia-<br />

Rwie, mizans kidev ufro Sordebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> sadRac, ukan auTvisebeli miwebi<br />

rCeba... xelovneba swored ase warmomidgenia:<br />

rac ufro uaxlovdebi,<br />

miT ufro gSordeba.<br />

arc vici, rogor aRvwero saku-<br />

Tari SegrZnebebi ise, rom warsul-<br />

Si ar <strong>da</strong>vrCe <strong>da</strong> naambobi utopia ar<br />

gamovides, magram Sevecdebi...<br />

warsuli yovelTvis axali ku-<br />

TxiT warmogvidgeba <strong>da</strong> mudmivad<br />

pulsirebs awmyoSi. asea TeatrSic.<br />

rom gaigo misi buneba, mTlianad<br />

xelovneba un<strong>da</strong> moicva, radgan<br />

Teatris arsi mravalferovnebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> drois ganfenilobaSia. gamocalkeveba<br />

<strong>da</strong>marcxebas niSnavs,<br />

ufro zustad es partikularizmia.<br />

sinamdvileSi, Teatrs ar gaaCnia<br />

sakuTari sayrdeni wertili, radgan<br />

literaturas, dramas, arqiteqturas,<br />

saxviT xelovnebas, cekvas,<br />

plastikas, musikas efuZneba. es<br />

yovelive Teatris pirveladi materiaa,<br />

proto-materia, gansakuTrebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> mravalferovani.<br />

amis gaazreba gagviadvilebs Tanamedrove<br />

xelovnebis Seswavlas <strong>da</strong><br />

Teatris Tanamedrove mniSvnelobis<br />

gagebas. Tumca sinamdvileSi yvelaze<br />

didi problema swored amis<br />

Semdeg dgeba _ rogor movaxdinoT<br />

abstraqcia? es iSviaTi movlenaa<br />

TeatrSi <strong>da</strong> pirvelad `bauhauzis~<br />

abstraqtul stilSi, oskar Slemeris<br />

TeatrSi moxerx<strong>da</strong>.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 92

istoria<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 49

istoria<br />

Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi<br />

RAF dich auf!<br />

avtori: ana korZaia-sama<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />

interviu Cawerilia 1970 wels.<br />

ulrike mainhofi 36 wlisaa. mas ori<br />

Svili hyavs, romlebsac marto zrdis.<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Rlilia, wvalobs. intervius<br />

dros xelebs ver aCerebs, papiross<br />

atrialebs, nivTebs aadgilebs.<br />

ulrike TavCaRunuli laparakobs,<br />

xan<strong>da</strong>xan Tu amoxe<strong>da</strong>vs xolme kameras.<br />

garegnulad? ra vici. magram er-<br />

Txel Tu naxeT, ar <strong>da</strong>gaviwydebaT.<br />

Tema aris bavSvTa aRzr<strong>da</strong>, ojaxis<br />

roli a<strong>da</strong>mianis cxovrebaSi, rogoria,<br />

roca politikuri moRvawe xar<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tan Svilebs un<strong>da</strong> mixedo. ulrike<br />

pasuxobs:<br />

50 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

`Znelia... Zalian Znelia... uaRresad<br />

Znelia~...<br />

ramdenime Tvis Semdeg ulrike mainhofma<br />

Tavisi Svilebi miatova.<br />

yvelaze kargad ulrike mainhofis<br />

fenomeni laSa baqraZem amixsna. bolos<br />

filmi vnaxe, `baader-mainhofis<br />

kompleqsi~, <strong>da</strong> laSas SevCivle, rom<br />

veRaraferi gamigia. ra grZnobebs<br />

aRZravs CemSi es qali? _ siZulvils?<br />

aRtacebas? ulrikes gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

mravali wlis Semdeg misi samSoblo<strong>da</strong>n<br />

Zalian Sors, sul sxva kulturis<br />

Svili, sul sxva biografiis<br />

mqone Zalian xSirad vfiqrob masze<br />

_ qalze, romelze mniSvnelovani<br />

Jurnalistic germanias meore msoflio<br />

omis Semdeg albaT arc hyolia.<br />

vgoneb, masze ukeT wera aravis<br />

SeeZlo. misi narkvevebi <strong>da</strong> analitikuri<br />

statiebi dResac saukeTeso<br />

ramaa, rac im wlebis Sesaxeb wamikiTxavs.<br />

misi teqstebi marwmunebs,<br />

rom usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg br-<br />

Zola aucilebelia _ <strong>da</strong> kidev er-<br />

Txel maCvenebs, rom amis gambe<strong>da</strong>oba<br />

<strong>da</strong> unari ar myofnis. amave dros is,<br />

Cemi ulrike mainhofi, iyo teroristi.<br />

mkvleli. me ki mainc Zalian min-

<strong>da</strong>, iseTi gavxde, rogoric ulrike<br />

mainhofi iyo.<br />

samarcxvino mdgomareobaa.<br />

qalbatoni ulrike mainhofi<br />

axlac Zalian saxifaTo qali gaxlavT.<br />

<strong>da</strong> ai, laSa baqraZem amixsna, rom<br />

es sworia. rom RAF-is <strong>da</strong> ulrikes<br />

calsaxa Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. man<br />

miTxra, rom ulrike mainhofi rom<br />

ara, RAF ar iarsebeb<strong>da</strong>, xolo RAF<br />

rom ara, dRevandeli germania <strong>da</strong>,<br />

garkveulwilad, dRevandeli evropa<br />

aseTi ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong>; rom mu<strong>da</strong>m<br />

un<strong>da</strong> arsebobdes Zala, romelsac,<br />

protestTan erTad, winaaRmdegobis<br />

unaric aqvs.<br />

ulrike maria mainhofi<br />

protesti<strong>da</strong>n winaaRmdegobamde<br />

`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa <strong>da</strong><br />

es ar mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi<br />

ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas<br />

wyvets. protesti: vacxadeb, rom<br />

morCa, me amaSi aRar vmonawileob.<br />

winaaRmdegoba: me viqcevi ise, rom<br />

amaSi aRaravin miiRebs monawileobas~.<br />

wels, TebervalSi vietnamisadmi<br />

miZRvnil konferenciaze, berlinSi<br />

erTma Savkanianma amerikelma,<br />

moZraoba Black Power-is warmomadgenelma<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT es Tqva _ sityvasityviT<br />

ar maxsovs.<br />

studentebi sulac ar `awyoben<br />

ajanyebas~, isini winaaRmdegobas<br />

swavloben. diax, qvebs isrodnen,<br />

diax, berlinSi Springeris koncernis<br />

Senobis fanjrebi <strong>da</strong>imsxvra.<br />

manqanebi aal<strong>da</strong>, `bild caitungis~<br />

erT-erTi re<strong>da</strong>qcia <strong>da</strong>zaral<strong>da</strong>,<br />

saburavebi <strong>da</strong>iglija, satransporto<br />

moZraoba paralizebuli iyo,<br />

satvirTo manqanebi ga<strong>da</strong>ayiraves,<br />

policielebis jaWvebi gaarRvies<br />

_ diax, Zalas mimarTes, fizikur<br />

Zalmomreobas. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa,<br />

Springeris presis gamosvlas xeli<br />

veraferma SeuSala, quCis moZraoba<br />

ramdenime saaTSi ganaxl<strong>da</strong>. fanjrebis<br />

fuls sa<strong>da</strong>zRvevo kompaniebi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>ixdian. <strong>da</strong>mwvari satvirTo<br />

manqanebis nacvlad, quCebSi <strong>sxvebi</strong><br />

gamovlen. policia wylis Wavls<br />

kvlav gamoiyenebs, iseve, rogorc<br />

rezinis xeljoxebi ar mogvakldeba.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, is, rac mox<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba<br />

kvlav ganmeordes: Springeris presa<br />

kvlav gaafTrebul devnas ganagr-<br />

Zobs, klaus Sulci kvlav mogviwodebs,<br />

rom `am subieqtebs TvalebSi<br />

CavxedoT~ <strong>da</strong> _ modiT, viyoT Tanmimdevrulni<br />

_ vurtyaT (rac 21 Tebervals<br />

ukve mox<strong>da</strong>) <strong>da</strong>, sabolood,<br />

vesroloT.<br />

sityvier protestsa <strong>da</strong> fizikur<br />

winaaRmdegobas Soris zRvari saaRdgomod<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>ilaxa, rudi duCkeze<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli demonstraciebis<br />

dros. es pirvelad<br />

mox<strong>da</strong> masobrivad <strong>da</strong> ara calkeuli<br />

pirovnebebis mier, ramdenime dRis<br />

ganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong> sayovelTaod, <strong>da</strong><br />

aramarto berlinSi, praqtikulad<br />

<strong>da</strong> ara simbolurad. Tu 2 ivnisis<br />

mere Springeris gazeTebs wvavdnen,<br />

axla cdiloben, maT gavrcelebas<br />

xeli SeuSalon. 2 ivniss mxolod<br />

pomidvrebs <strong>da</strong> laye kvercxebs isrodnen<br />

_ axla qvebs isvrian. TebervalSi<br />

mxiaruli <strong>da</strong> sasacilo filmi<br />

aCvenes imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor<br />

keTdeba `molotovis koqteili~ _<br />

axla ki koqteilis boTlebi marTla<br />

abrial<strong>da</strong>. protestsa <strong>da</strong> winaaRmdegobas<br />

Soris sazRvari ga<strong>da</strong>ilaxa,<br />

`imisTvis, rom<br />

TavianTi sayvareli<br />

firma, `simSvide &<br />

wesrigi~ SeinarCunon,<br />

erTaderTi saSualeba<br />

arsebobs: Springeris<br />

eqspropriacia.<br />

Cven aRar vxumrobT.<br />

protesti: vacxadeb,<br />

rom esa <strong>da</strong> es ar<br />

mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba:<br />

viqcevi ise, rom rac<br />

ar mawyobs, arsebobas<br />

wyvets~.<br />

istoria<br />

Tumca araefeqturad. <strong>da</strong> mainc, is,<br />

rac mox<strong>da</strong>, SeiZleba kvlav ganmeordes,<br />

ZalTa Tanafardoba ar Secvlila.<br />

winaaRmdegoba viswavleT.<br />

magram Zalauflebis poziciebi ver<br />

<strong>da</strong>vipyariT. maS, SeiZleba Tu ara<br />

momx<strong>da</strong>rs uazro, teroristuli,<br />

apolitikuri, uZluri Zaladoba<br />

vuwodoT?<br />

modiT, yvelafers Tavisi saxeli<br />

<strong>da</strong>varqvaT. ra surs politikur Zalauflebas?<br />

Zalauflebas, romelic<br />

gmobs qvebis msrolel demonstrantebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> cecxlis gaCenas <strong>da</strong> ara<br />

Springeris gaafTrebul propagan<strong>da</strong>s,<br />

vietnamis <strong>da</strong>bombvas, iranSi gamefebul<br />

terors, samxreT afrikis<br />

respublikaSi miRebul wamebas. Zalauflebas,<br />

romelsac _ kanonis Tanaxmad<br />

_ Springeris eqspropriacia<br />

SeuZlia, magram amis nacvlad `koalicias~<br />

qmnis. Zalauflebas, romelsac<br />

masmediiT SeuZlia mohyves<br />

simarTles `bildis~ <strong>da</strong> `berliner<br />

caitungis~ Sesaxeb, magram amis nacvlad<br />

studentebis Sesaxeb cru<br />

ambebs avrcelebs. im Zalauflebas,<br />

romelic TvalTmaqcurad gmobs<br />

Zaladobas <strong>da</strong> `ormagi stan<strong>da</strong>rtis~<br />

momxrea, romelic swored imisken<br />

miiswrafvis, rac Cven, am dReebSi<br />

quCaSi qvebiT Tu uqvebod gasulebs,<br />

sul ar gvin<strong>da</strong>: CvenTvis uZluri,<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobas moklebuli masebis<br />

bedis Tavze moxveva, CvenTvis<br />

aravisTvis saSiSi opoziciis rolis<br />

Tavze moxveva, CvenTvis bavSvuri<br />

demokratiuli TamaSebis Tavze moxveva<br />

<strong>da</strong> imis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba, rom Cveni<br />

bedi esaa. xolo Tu saqme seriozul<br />

saxes miiRebs, es Zalaufleba sagangebo<br />

mdgomareobasac mogvaxvevs<br />

Tavze.<br />

jonsoni, romelmac martin lu-<br />

Ter kingi erovnul gmirad gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>,<br />

kisingeri, romelmac telefoniT<br />

gamoxata TanagrZnoba<br />

duCkeze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis gamo _ oriveni<br />

Zaladobis sistemis wamomadgenlebi<br />

arian, sistemisa, romlis winaaRmdegac<br />

gamodiodnen kingic <strong>da</strong><br />

duCkec, Zaladobis sistemisa, romelmac<br />

Sva Springeric <strong>da</strong> vietnamis<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 51

istoria<br />

omic. amitom arc jonsons <strong>da</strong> arc<br />

kisingers ara aqvT arc moraluri<br />

<strong>da</strong> arc politikuri ufleba, studentebis<br />

winaaRmdegoba gakicxon.<br />

kvlav: yvelafers Tavisi saxeli<br />

<strong>da</strong>varqvaT. dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli,<br />

rom CvenTan, dRisiTmzisiT,<br />

ubralod viRacam viRac ki<br />

ar <strong>da</strong>xvrita, aramed inteligenciis<br />

protesti masebis gasulelebis winaaRmdeg<br />

seriozulad iyo Seswavlili<br />

<strong>da</strong> gaanalizebuli Springeris<br />

koncernis mier _ <strong>da</strong> koncernma<br />

zomebi miiRo, rom isini, vinc gasulelebis<br />

kampaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

gamodian, gamoacxados RvTis mowinaaRmdege<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebad, subieqtebad,<br />

romlebic viTom<strong>da</strong> yovelTvis<br />

yvelafris winaaRmdegni arian.<br />

dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli,<br />

rom biurgeruli firma `Cveulebebi<br />

& kargi manerebi~ borkilebia<br />

<strong>da</strong> es borkilebi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>imsxvres, Tuki Seborkilebis<br />

cema <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xvreta <strong>da</strong>iwyeba. dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a<br />

<strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli, rom am<br />

qveyanaSi kidev arseboben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />

romlebic ara marto gulis<br />

siRrmeSi ar emxrobian <strong>da</strong> kicxaven<br />

terors <strong>da</strong> Zaladobas, aramed<br />

mzad arian, Tavze xeli aiRon <strong>da</strong><br />

es xmamaRla Tqvan, <strong>da</strong> maT veravin<br />

SeaSinebs; anu, arseboben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />

romlebsac winaaRmdegobis<br />

gawevis unari SeswevT <strong>da</strong> SeuZliaT<br />

yvelas aCvenon, rom is, rac aqamde<br />

xdebo<strong>da</strong>, ase veRar gagrZeldeba.<br />

52 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

dokumentura<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli,<br />

rom sikvdilis propagan<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebisTvis<br />

saSiSia, <strong>da</strong> amitom<br />

sazogadoebaSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> Zalebi,<br />

romlebic mzad arian, sasaklaoze<br />

uari Tqvan. dokumenturad <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulia,<br />

rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis sicocxle<br />

bevrad Zvirfasia, vidre fanjris<br />

minebi <strong>da</strong> manqanebi, rogorc<br />

Springeris koncernis satvirTo<br />

manqanebi, aseve demonstrantebis<br />

avtomobilebi, romlebic berlinSi<br />

Springeris gamomcemlobis Senobis<br />

blokadis moxsnis aqciis dros<br />

policiam <strong>da</strong>amtvria <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>aziana.<br />

dokumenturad <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulia,<br />

rom sazogadoebaSi, rogorc iqna,<br />

gamoCndnen Zalebi, romlebic mzad<br />

arian ara marto autanels autaneli<br />

uwodon, aramed Springeris <strong>da</strong><br />

misi msaxurebis ganiaraRebis procesis<br />

organizebac SeZlon. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me,<br />

imis demonstrireba mox<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom Cvens gankargulebaSi arsebobs<br />

sxva saSualebebic, ufro efeqturi,<br />

vidre is, ramac Tavisi uZlureba<br />

ukve <strong>da</strong>amtkica (vgulisxmob<br />

demonstraciebs, protestebs,<br />

Springeris saqmis mosmenebs <strong>da</strong> a.S.)<br />

_ Tuki rudi duCkeze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba ver SeZlo.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, vinai<strong>da</strong>n borkilebi<br />

firmisa `simSvide & wesrigi~ ukve<br />

<strong>da</strong>msxvreulia (Tavad Zalauflebis<br />

mier), Cven SegviZlia <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>viwyoT axali diskusia Zaladobis<br />

<strong>da</strong> sapasuxo Zaladobis Sesa-<br />

xeb. sapasuxo Zaladoba im formiT,<br />

ra formiTac is saaRdgomod ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>,<br />

ar aris gankuTvnili<br />

imisTvis, rom (opoziciuri Zalebis)<br />

simpaTia gamoiwvios, arasaparlamento<br />

opoziciis mxareze ga<strong>da</strong>iyvanos<br />

samTavrobo ZaladobiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>Sinebuli liberalebi. sapasuxo<br />

Zaladoba un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>iqces iseT Zaladobad,<br />

romelic policiuri Zaladobis<br />

Sesatyvisia, Zaladobad,<br />

romelSic gaTvla Secvlis uZlur<br />

risxvas, Zaladobad, romelic policiis<br />

SeiaraRebul, saomar Zalad<br />

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, aseve<br />

SeiaraRebuli, saomari saSualebebiT<br />

gascems pasuxs. istabliSmenti,<br />

`mmarTveli wre~ un<strong>da</strong> vaiZuloT<br />

rudisTan molaparakeba awarmoos<br />

_ ise, rom mTavroba, saparlamento<br />

partiebi <strong>da</strong> kavSirebi mixvdnen:<br />

imisTvis, rom TavianTi sayvareli<br />

firma, `simSvide & wesrigi~ Seinar-<br />

Cunon, erTaderTi saSualeba arsebobs:<br />

Springeris eqspropriacia.<br />

Cven aRar vxumrobT.<br />

`protesti: vacxadeb, rom esa <strong>da</strong><br />

es ar mawyobs. winaaRmdegoba: viqcevi<br />

ise, rom rac ar mawyobs, arsebobas<br />

wyvets~.<br />

es ambavi <strong>da</strong>iwyo 1960-ian wlebSi.<br />

ufro sworad, erTbaSad bevri ram<br />

mox<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> ramdenime a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic<br />

manamde ubralod revoluciobanas<br />

TamaSob<strong>da</strong>, Zalian mWidrod<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs.

cacia baaderma marjvena xeliT sakuTar kefaSi isrola. gudrun enslinma Werze,<br />

kauWze CamoixrCo Tavi, oRond iq rogor aZvra <strong>da</strong> eleqtrogayvanilobis mavTuli<br />

sai<strong>da</strong>n moitana _ gaugebaria. sruliad cariel sakanSi CamoixrCo Tavi ulrike<br />

mainhofmac. ase amboben.<br />

1967 wels germanias iranis Sahi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> swveo<strong>da</strong>. memarcxene studentebi<br />

am vizitis winaaRmdegi iyvnen,<br />

radgan smeno<strong>da</strong>T, rogor awamebdnen<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebs iranis cixeebSi. erT<br />

manifestaciaze maT studenti, beni<br />

onezorgi SeuerT<strong>da</strong>T, Cveulebrivi<br />

studenti, memarcxenec ki ar eTqmo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

is mokles. ubralod, wamebis<br />

winaaRmdeg gamovi<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> mokles.<br />

erTi wlis mere rudi duCkes esroles.<br />

rudi duCke, romelic germaniis<br />

studentTa profkavSiris<br />

lideri iyo, Springeris sagazeTo<br />

koncerns hyav<strong>da</strong> aTvalwunebuli.<br />

germanelebs mouwodebdnen: `Sea-<br />

CereT duCke!~ duCke neonacistma<br />

baxmanma SeaCera _ TavSi esrola.<br />

duCke saswaulad ga<strong>da</strong>rCa, magram<br />

mTeli <strong>da</strong>rCenili cxovreba Tavis<br />

tkivili stanjav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> epilefsiis<br />

Setevebi <strong>da</strong>sCem<strong>da</strong>. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa,<br />

Springeris koncerns misi devna<br />

ar Seuwyvetia. duCke londonSi ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong>,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c martodmarto <strong>da</strong>saxl<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> epilefsiis morigi Setevis<br />

dros abazanaSi <strong>da</strong>ixrCo.<br />

`tyviebma, romlebic duCkes esroles,<br />

bolo mouRo Cvens ocnebebs<br />

mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong> araZalmomreobis<br />

Sesaxeb~, _ wer<strong>da</strong> ulrike mainhofi.<br />

duCkes esroles _ <strong>da</strong> frankfurtis<br />

savaWro saxlis Senobas cecxli<br />

gauCn<strong>da</strong>. xanZari uceb Caaqres, <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>akaves _ sayvarlebi<br />

iyvnen, pacifistebi, andreas baaderi<br />

<strong>da</strong> gudrun enslini. sasamarTlo<br />

gaimarTa <strong>da</strong> advokatebma imdeni<br />

qnes, rom msjavrdebulebi maleve<br />

gamouSves cixi<strong>da</strong>n. erT-erTi<br />

advokati _ es mniSvnelovania! _<br />

horst maleri iyo.<br />

enslini <strong>da</strong> baaderi safrangeTSi<br />

gaemgzavrnen <strong>da</strong> uceb, gaugebari<br />

mizezebis gamo, isini interpolma<br />

<strong>da</strong>akava <strong>da</strong> kvlav cixeSi ukres Tavi.<br />

memarcxeneebi aRSfoTdnen, sasamarTlo<br />

<strong>da</strong>rbazSi ki erTmaneTs<br />

Sexvdnen zemoT xsenebuli advokati<br />

horst maleri <strong>da</strong> memarcxene<br />

Jurnalisti gazeT `konkreti<strong>da</strong>n~<br />

_ ulrike mainhofi. swored ase<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo `wiTeli armiis fraqciis~,<br />

RAF-is istoria. am orma gaugonari<br />

ram Caifiqra <strong>da</strong> ganaxorciela:<br />

baaderi <strong>da</strong> enslini cixi<strong>da</strong>n gaaqcies.<br />

oTxeuli ior<strong>da</strong>niis saswavlo<br />

banakebSi gaemgzavra, sa<strong>da</strong>c maTgan<br />

profesionali teroristebi Seqmnes.<br />

1970 wels isini, gawvrTnilebi,<br />

momzadebulebi <strong>da</strong> sabrZolod Se-<br />

istoria<br />

marTulebi germaniaSi <strong>da</strong>brundnen.<br />

`wiTel armias~ ukve 30 wevri hyav<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> asobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani TanaugrZnob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mraval sxva sakiTxTan erTad, maT<br />

erTi ram aintereseb<strong>da</strong>T, marTlac<br />

saintereso ambavi: ratom mox<strong>da</strong><br />

ise, rom mravali nacisti omis Semdeg<br />

ara marto sasjels ga<strong>da</strong>urCa,<br />

aramed Zalauflebis SenarCunebac<br />

SeZlo. RAF-elebi kvlevas Seudgnen<br />

<strong>da</strong> gasaocari faqtebi aRmoaCines:<br />

omis ukanaskneli Tveebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

faSisturi sagangebo tribunalebis<br />

mosamarTleebma `panikis<br />

TesvisTvis~ aTasobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani CamoaxrCes.<br />

arc erTi <strong>da</strong>mnaSave ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>usjiaT. `<strong>da</strong>niis jalaTi~, romelmac<br />

pira<strong>da</strong>d gaanadgura, sul<br />

mcire, rva aTasi a<strong>da</strong>miani, saxelganTqmuli<br />

iuristi gax<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> raRac<br />

did koncernSi did fulsac iReb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

eseseli maRalCinosani, safrangeTSi<br />

faSisturi teroris organizatori,<br />

romelsac safrangeTis<br />

sasamarTlom sikvdili miusaja,<br />

germaniis federaciuli respublikis<br />

xelisuflebam gamoiTxova,<br />

umalve Seiwyala <strong>da</strong> generlis sapatio<br />

pensiac <strong>da</strong>uniSna.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 94<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 53

interviu<br />

54 cxeli Sokoladi

interviu erik trufazTan<br />

avtori: kaxa Tolor<strong>da</strong>va<br />

foto: marika qoCiaSvili<br />

raze gin<strong>da</strong>T, rom visaubroT?<br />

ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d musikaze.<br />

es isaa, rac miWirs xolme, gansakuTrebiT<br />

_ inglisurad. musikaze<br />

mirCevnia vimRero, oRond<br />

_ frangulad. axla nu momTxovT<br />

amas, kargi? simReras vgulisxmob.<br />

kargi, SevTanxmdiT. musikaze zogjer<br />

marTla rTulia saubari. ramdenime<br />

kviris win jon maqlaflinis<br />

DVD-s vuyurebdi indoel musikosebTan<br />

rom Cawera oriode wlis win;<br />

filmi imazea, Tu rogor muSaobdnen<br />

isini erTad maqlaflinis albomze<br />

Floating Point. filmis bolos, muSaobas<br />

rom asruleben, maqlaflini<br />

haerovan kocnas ugzavnis Tavis musikosebs,<br />

madlobis niSnad. es albaT<br />

musikosebTan urTierTobis yvelaze<br />

kargi saSualebaa.<br />

es momwons. yoveli SemTxvevis-<br />

Tvis, sityvebs sjobia.<br />

arasdros giCndebaT musikaluri<br />

impulsebis artikulirebis survili<br />

an saWiroeba?<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, magram rogorc<br />

wesi, sityvebiT kargad ver vaxerxeb<br />

xolme imis axsnas, rac am dros CemSi<br />

xdeba. uamravi metaforis gamoyeneba<br />

mixdeba. amitomac vTqvi,<br />

rom musikaze leqsis Tqma an simRera<br />

mirCevnia. me sayvirze vukrav,<br />

sayviri ki amosunTqvaa. simRerac<br />

amosunTqvaa. me momRerali var<br />

sayviriT xelSi <strong>da</strong> momReraliviT<br />

vudgebi musikalur masalas, ufro<br />

_ momReraliviT, vidre virtuozi<br />

instrumentalistiviT.<br />

amitomac saubrobT xolme ase xSirad<br />

Tqvensave musikaSi dramis prin-<br />

interviu<br />

cipebis <strong>da</strong> elementebis Semotanaze?<br />

marTalia. <strong>da</strong>kvrisas idumali atmosferos<br />

Seqmnas vcdilob xolme.<br />

marto amas ver mivaRwev, amitomac<br />

Cem gverdiT kargi musikosebi un<strong>da</strong><br />

idgnen. maT <strong>da</strong>kvrac un<strong>da</strong> icodnen<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>sxvebi</strong>s mosmenac, Torem scenaze<br />

oTxi an xuTi kaci rom dgas <strong>da</strong><br />

yvela erTdroulad ukravs, qaosi<br />

iqmneba. musikoss dramis SegrZneba<br />

un<strong>da</strong> hqondes. maqlaflini radgan<br />

vaxseneT, pira<strong>da</strong>d me misi mailzis<br />

droindeli periodi ufro<br />

miyvars. mailzTan <strong>da</strong> Tavis pirvel<br />

solo albomebSi maqlaflini<br />

Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Zunwad avseb<strong>da</strong> sivrces<br />

<strong>da</strong> me swored aseT musikas vaniWeb<br />

upiratesobas. mailzTan yofnisas<br />

maqlaflini gansxvavebulad ukrav<strong>da</strong>,<br />

gaxsovT?<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>. In a Silent Way, Bitches<br />

Brew, Live Evil. mailzis imdroindel<br />

musikaSic dramis Seqmnis mcdeloba<br />

iyo.<br />

Tan rogori <strong>da</strong>Zabuli, saintereso<br />

<strong>da</strong> savse dramis!<br />

rogorc wesi, Tqven erTdroulad<br />

Zalian bevr proeqtSi xarT xolme<br />

`gaxveuli~, Tan erTmaneTisgan sruliad<br />

gansxvavebul proeqtebSi _<br />

xan hif-hoferebTan erTad werT alboms,<br />

xan _ eleqtro-musikosebTan,<br />

xan pier henrisTan an jon haselTan.<br />

advilad axerxebT TqvenTvis ase<br />

mniSvnelovani atmosferos Seqmnas<br />

musiki<strong>da</strong>n musikaSi ga<strong>da</strong>nacvlebisas?<br />

musika Cemi cxovrebaa, cxovreba<br />

ki dRi<strong>da</strong>n dRemde <strong>da</strong> wli<strong>da</strong>n wlamde<br />

erTnairi araa. amitomac vicvli<br />

xolme musikalur garemos, Cemive<br />

aRmoCenebis ga<strong>da</strong>saxaliseblad.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 55

interviu<br />

kargi musika drois miRma un<strong>da</strong> idges <strong>da</strong> wlebis<br />

Semdegac Tanamedroved JRerdes. vis rad un<strong>da</strong><br />

iseTi musika, romelic cecxliviTaa _ erT wams<br />

gizgizebs, mere ki qreba?<br />

miyvars musikalurad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

geografiuli sivrceebis Semotana<br />

Cems musikaSi. aseTi ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebebi<br />

azrovnebis unars miumjobesebs.<br />

Tanac, kompozitoric var <strong>da</strong> musikasTan<br />

aseTi midgoma gansxvavebuli<br />

formebis gamoyenebis saSualebas<br />

maZlevs. SarSan magaliTad<br />

mec indoel musikosebTan erTad<br />

Cavwere albomi.<br />

vici. isic vici, induri klasikuri<br />

ragas Seswavla rom gindo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, sanam induri musikis<br />

Seswavla ar ga<strong>da</strong>vwyvite, arc ki vicodi,<br />

rom klasikuri ragas didi<br />

nawili improvizaciaa.<br />

ho, magram amis gamo is advili<br />

ar xdeba <strong>da</strong> misi Seswavlac Zalian,<br />

Zalian Znelia. raga induri klasikuri<br />

musikaa, <strong>da</strong> Tu gin<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

seriozulad <strong>da</strong>euflo mas, minimum<br />

20 weli mainc un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axarjo swavlis<br />

process, raRacas mainc rom<br />

miaRwio. ho, ragaSi mec improvizacia<br />

mizi<strong>da</strong>vs, magram, rogorc gi-<br />

TxariT, am SemTxvevaSi ase advilad<br />

araa saqme. me hariprasad Caurasias<br />

(hariprasad Caurasia _ bansurize,<br />

bambukis fleitaze, Semsrulebeli<br />

56 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

indoeli musikosi) didi fani var.<br />

is Tavisi musikiT ramdenime wuTSi<br />

axerxebs msmeneli amqveyniurobas<br />

moswyvitos. ho<strong>da</strong>, sul megona, rom<br />

mTeli misi musika improvizaciaa,<br />

vidre mis koncertze ar movxvdi.<br />

cocxlad Sesrulebisas misi musikis<br />

garkveuli nawili improvizaciaa,<br />

magram raRac momentSi am nakadSi<br />

tabla (klasikuri induri <strong>da</strong>sartyami<br />

instrumenti) rom Semodis,<br />

mas sruliad gaTvlili <strong>da</strong> gansazRvruli<br />

klasikuri struqturebi<br />

Semoaqvs musikaSi. am dros indoeli<br />

msmeneli taSs ukravs xolme, Cven ki<br />

_ evropelebi ver vxvdebiT, Tu ram<br />

gamoiwvia es taSi. saqme ki isaa, rom<br />

isini cnoben im struqturebs <strong>da</strong> ni-<br />

Sans aZleven musikoss, rom bolomde<br />

mihyvebian mas. genialuria! ise ki<br />

tablaze <strong>da</strong>mkvrelebTanac miyvars<br />

muSaoba. ramdenime wlis win talvin<br />

singxTan erTa<strong>da</strong>c Cavwere diski.<br />

bolo albomze ki apurba muherjis-<br />

Tan erTad vimuSave.<br />

verasdros warmoidgen, rom Sesa-<br />

Zlebelia <strong>da</strong>sartyam instrumentze<br />

melodiis <strong>da</strong>kvra. zakir huseini pu-<br />

Cinis cnobil Temas ukravs tablaze<br />

Carlz loidis Sangam-ze, gaxsovT?<br />

ah, zakir huseini! RvTaebrivi<br />

musikosia! tabla ki erT-erTi yvelaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>xvewili <strong>da</strong> rTuli instrumenti.<br />

ai, aseTi rameebi iwvevs CemSi<br />

musikis keTebis provocirebas.<br />

aseT a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan Sexvedra <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

musikis smena. me im kaciviT var,<br />

sul raRacas rom eZebs <strong>da</strong> uecrad,<br />

erT mSvenier dRes, moulodnelad<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>awydeba raRac ideas an koncefcias.<br />

aseT dros vxvdebi, rom<br />

Cndeba Sansi, gamoxatvis Cemebur<br />

saSualebas axali ferebi SevZino.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan, sxva musikosebTan<br />

Sexvedris drosac ase xdeba. ra-<br />

Rac uxilavs iWer musikisadmi maT<br />

midgomaSi <strong>da</strong> xvdebi, rom Tu erTad<br />

muSaobis Sansi mogecemaT, marTlac<br />

rom Rirebulis Seqmnas moaxerxebT.<br />

aseTi Sexvedrebi azartuli TamaSiviTaa.<br />

erTxel axseneT, rom spartanuli<br />

garemo gizi<strong>da</strong>vT _ mTebi, u<strong>da</strong>bno, iaponuri<br />

arqiteqtura. mere ki <strong>da</strong>amateT,<br />

_ musika am yvelafris metaforaao.<br />

ras gulisxmobdiT?<br />

rogorc ukve vTqvi, saundis organizaciis<br />

Cemeburi mcdelobaa mu

sikaSi gansakuTrebuli atmosferos<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zebna. me CaurasiasaviT ganwyobis<br />

Semqmneli musikosi ufro var, vidre<br />

ritmul struqturebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobili<br />

vinme kubeli virtuozi. Cemi<br />

musika imis metaforaa, rac me mizi<strong>da</strong>vs<br />

_ gaSlili sivrceebis, u<strong>da</strong>bnos,<br />

<strong>da</strong> ase Semdeg. igive exeba e.w.<br />

urbanul, industriul saundsac.<br />

isic garkveul atmosferoze agebuli<br />

musikaa. sxvaTa Soris, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

Cemi mcdelobebisa, winaswar<br />

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iqneba Sedegi, musikis keTebis procesSi<br />

amas ver vaxerxeb. Cven xSirad<br />

ar viciT, vin <strong>da</strong> ra varT, sanam Cvenive<br />

Seqmnils gverdi<strong>da</strong>n ar Sevxe<strong>da</strong>vT.<br />

musikis keTebis procesSi,<br />

ramdenad karga<strong>da</strong>c un<strong>da</strong> viyo mzad,<br />

Sedegi, rogorc wesi, idumalebiTaa<br />

moculi. es cxovrebasaviTaa. mTavari<br />

am dros isaa, rom musikas SenSi<br />

Semosvlis ufleba misce. zogjer<br />

amas vaxerxeb, zogjer ki araferi<br />

gamomdis.<br />

qiT jareTi wam<strong>da</strong>uwum imeorebs,<br />

rom musikosebis <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba araa<br />

msmenelis garToba, Tqven ki, amas<br />

winaT pier henrize, eleqtronuli<br />

musikis erT-erT pionerze saubrisas<br />

aRniSneT, rom is, musikosi ki ara,<br />

maZiebeli ufroa. ra doziT xarT gamrTobi<br />

<strong>da</strong> ra doziT _ maZiebeli?<br />

henriviT mkvlevari namdvilad ar<br />

var. vinai<strong>da</strong>n musikas msmenels vasmenineb,<br />

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,<br />

gamrTobic var. zogjer formebs<br />

Segnebulad vcvli xolme, msmenelisaTvis<br />

ufro saintereso rom<br />

gavxado. es CemTvis problema araa.<br />

msoflios yvela kuTxeSi miwevs gamosvla<br />

<strong>da</strong> min<strong>da</strong>, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebma<br />

kargad igrZnon Tavi am musikis mosmenisas.<br />

meore mxriv, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />

mec min<strong>da</strong>, jareTiviT SemeZlos erTi<br />

<strong>da</strong> igive musikis ise <strong>da</strong>kvra wlebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi, rom musikam xibli ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>kargos. jareTs SeuZlia amis gake-<br />

Teba. trios formatSi, lamis oc<strong>da</strong>aT<br />

welze metia, jaz-stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs<br />

ukravs erTi <strong>da</strong> imave musikosebTan<br />

erTad <strong>da</strong> yoveli misi axali albomi<br />

movlenaa. magram, sworad gamigeT,<br />

is qiT jareTia! is geniosia, me ki<br />

ar var geniosi. saerTod, mniSvnelovania<br />

imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra<br />

potencialis musikosi xar. me vici,<br />

rom geniosi ar var <strong>da</strong> amitomac<br />

mesaWiroeba garkveuli scenarebis<br />

interviu<br />

Seqmna musikis keTebisas. zogs geniosad<br />

miaCnia Tavi, sinamdvileSi ki<br />

mosawyen musikas akeTebs. samyaroSi<br />

asobiT qiT jareTi araa. garSemo bevri<br />

kargi pianistia <strong>da</strong> isini xSirad<br />

karg musikasac ukraven, magram mainc<br />

usmen <strong>da</strong> grZnob, rom es is musikaa,<br />

erTxel ukve mosmenili rom gaqvs.<br />

amitomac, mimaCnia, rom Tu musikosi<br />

xvdeba, rom <strong>da</strong>kruls imeorebs, aucileblad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Secvalos midgoma<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva musikaluri formiT scados<br />

sakuTari Tavis gamoxatva. aseTia<br />

Cemi filosofia. uein SorTers na-<br />

Tqvami aqvs, _ imisTvis, rom sakuTari<br />

Tavi ipovo, Senive Tavis erTguli<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rCe. gimeorebT, jareTi geniosia,<br />

me ki _ ara.<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c CemTvis cnobilia, jareTisnairi<br />

musikosebic awydebian<br />

problemebs, Tun<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>kvrisas meqanikurobis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad.<br />

am bolo dros mas ara erTxel aRuniSnavs,<br />

rom maSinve wyvets <strong>da</strong>kvras,<br />

ra wamsac xvdeba, rom `komfortul~<br />

zonaSi Seabija <strong>da</strong> xelebis meqanikuri<br />

karnaxiT ukravs.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 96<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 57

interviu<br />

`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori<br />

interviu erik moniosTan<br />

avtori: qeTevan sadRobelaSvili<br />

foto: levan xerxeuliZe<br />

es `meore arxia~, oRond ara is,<br />

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arxi ukve politikuria <strong>da</strong>, mravalferovani<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis nacvlad,<br />

arxze ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d politikosebi <strong>da</strong><br />

`ufro ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d~ opozicioneri<br />

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xSirad monologebs Sewiruli `Tavisufali<br />

tribuniT~... <strong>da</strong> es yvelaferi,<br />

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arxs~ Zalze mwiri teqnikuri SesaZleblobebi,<br />

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gaTvlili yovelTviuri 31 000-lariani<br />

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exmarebo<strong>da</strong>, arxis siduxWires ki<br />

evropelisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />

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instituti <strong>da</strong>amTavra. muSaob<strong>da</strong><br />

finansTa saministrosa <strong>da</strong> `re-<br />

58 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

nos~ saavtomobilo kompaniaSi. oci<br />

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Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, specifikuria. ki vambobT,<br />

rom mayurebelic <strong>da</strong> reitingic<br />

Cveni mizania, magram arc mayureblis<br />

raodenoba <strong>da</strong> arc reitingi<br />

akviatebad ar un<strong>da</strong> gveqces.

interviu<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 59

interviu<br />

sazogadoebriv mauwyebels sami ZiriTadi funqcia aqvs. pirveli _ socialuri<br />

kavSirebi <strong>da</strong>amyaros sazogadoebasTan, meore _ aamaRlos kulturis mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong><br />

moamzados ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi kulturaze <strong>da</strong> mesame _ wavides riskze _ ecados, gaakeTos iseTi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, romlebis gakeTebac ar SeuZlia <strong>da</strong> arc un<strong>da</strong> kerZo arxs, radgan erideba<br />

riskze wasvlas.<br />

maSin, mizani ra aris? SesaZloa,<br />

gkiTxon _ ra saWiroa iseTi ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis<br />

gakeTeba, romelsac aravin Sexe<strong>da</strong>vs.<br />

rasakvirvelia, sazogadoebrivi<br />

arxic <strong>da</strong> Cveni tipis saparlamento<br />

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specifikuria, yovelTvis fiqrobs<br />

mayureblis mozidvaze <strong>da</strong> amis-<br />

Tvis yvela saSualebas viyenebT _<br />

igive komunikaciisa <strong>da</strong> presasTan<br />

urTierTobis samsaxuri Cvens televiziaSi<br />

Zalze mniSvnelovania.<br />

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dros yvelanairi tipis mayureblis<br />

mosazi<strong>da</strong>d vamzadebT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

Janris ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs, <strong>da</strong>wyebuli Toq-<br />

SouTi <strong>da</strong> SemecnebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>cemebiT,<br />

<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli dokumenturi filmebiT.<br />

TamaSic ki gvaqvs, anu vcdilobT,<br />

samizne jgufebi gvyavdes <strong>da</strong><br />

yovelmxriv <strong>da</strong>vainteresoT mayurebeli.<br />

Cemi azriT, sazogadoebriv<br />

mauwyebels sami ZiriTadi funqcia<br />

aqvs. pirveli _ socialuri kavSirebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>amyaros sazogadoebasTan,<br />

meore _ aamaRlos kulturis mniSvneloba<br />

<strong>da</strong> moamzados ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi<br />

kulturaze <strong>da</strong> mesame _ wavides<br />

riskze _ ecados, gaakeTos iseTi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, romlebis gakeTebac ar<br />

SeuZlia <strong>da</strong> arc un<strong>da</strong> kerZo arxs,<br />

radgan erideba riskze wasvlas <strong>da</strong><br />

iseTi `arapopularuli~ ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis<br />

gakeTebas, rogoricaa saganmanaTleblo,<br />

SemecnebiTi <strong>da</strong> kulturuli.<br />

marTalia, aseT ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs<br />

naklebi mayurebeli hyavs, magram<br />

Sedegis TvalsazrisiT Zalze mniSvnelovania.<br />

Tqven gaintereseb<strong>da</strong>T<br />

sazogadoebis ndobis sakiTxi, safrangeTis<br />

sazogadoebrivi televizia,<br />

romelic ramdenime arxs<br />

60 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

aerTianebs, <strong>da</strong> Cveni saparlamento<br />

arxic maRali xarisxis ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs<br />

amzadebs iseT Temebze, romliTac<br />

yvela tipis mayurebeli interesdeba,<br />

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aris. CvenTan kerZo arxs TF<br />

1-s yvelaze maRali reitingi aqvs,<br />

TiTqmis 30 procentamde, magram safrangeTis<br />

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Tianebs, saboloo jamSi ufro met<br />

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ganmsazRvreli aucilebeli faqtoria<br />

sainformacio gamoSvebebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>, rac mTavaria, pluralizmi. im<br />

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icavs, reitingic maRali aqvs <strong>da</strong><br />

mudmivi mayurebelic hyavs. CvenTan<br />

sazogadoebrivi arxebi ufro <strong>da</strong>moukideblebi<br />

arian, vidre kerZo<br />

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ramdena<strong>da</strong>c vici, franguli saparlamento<br />

arxis reitingi 0,5 procentia.<br />

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imas niSnavs, rom mudmivad 300 000<br />

kaci uyurebs Cvens arxs, zogjer<br />

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milionze meti, magram statistikurad<br />

mudmivi mayurebeli<br />

300 000-mdea. sxvaTa Soris, `artes~<br />

reitingic amdenivea.<br />

arxis gavrcelebis areali rogoria?<br />

safrangeTSi 40 milion mayurebels<br />

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romelic kulturul <strong>da</strong> saganmanaTleblo<br />

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Tan, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom yoveli<br />

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Tqven <strong>da</strong>eswariT `meore arxis~<br />

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naxeT Cveni politikosebi. Se<strong>da</strong>rebis<br />

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Sinagani kulturis done.<br />

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Tavs uflebas ver mivcem, qarTveli<br />

politikosebis kulturis doneze<br />

vilaparako. rac Seexeba Cvens politikosebs,<br />

zoga<strong>da</strong>d, maTi kulturis

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gaakeTon is, rac TviTon ar<br />

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arxis ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs uyureb,<br />

romelic aTi welia arsebobs, verasdros<br />

ityvi, rom arxi an erT partias<br />

miemxro, an meores. imis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad,<br />

rom erovnuli asamblea asi<br />

procentiT gvafinansebs, ar yofila<br />

arc erTi SemTxveva, xelisufleba<br />

Careuliyo Cvens saqmianobaSi an<br />

raime <strong>da</strong>evalebinaT. amis magaliTia<br />

Tun<strong>da</strong>c Cveni arxis xelmZRvaneli,<br />

romelic memarcxenea, magram roca<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cema mihyavs, misi memarcxene<br />

pozicia araferSi ar igrZnoba. erovnul<br />

asambleaSi umravlesoba aris<br />

memarjvene, magram Cveni xelmZRvaneli<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSnulia e.w opoziciuri banaki<strong>da</strong>n.<br />

esec imaze metyvelebs, rom<br />

Cvenze aranairi zewola ar aris.<br />

ra rekomen<strong>da</strong>cia geqnebaT Cveni<br />

tipis qveynisTvis, rogor un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan<br />

Tavi Jurnalistebma politikosebis<br />

zewolisgan?<br />

CemTvis Zalze rTulia am ki-<br />

Txvaze pasuxis gacema. albaT politikosebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> Jurnalistebi un<strong>da</strong><br />

SeTanxmdnen imaze, rom sasikeTod<br />

ganviTardes is procesebi, romelic<br />

axla mimdinareobs. politikosebma<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvan <strong>da</strong> pativi scen<br />

Jurnalistebis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobas<br />

<strong>da</strong> pluralizms.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 97<br />

interviu<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 61

diskusia<br />

62 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

diskusia<br />

radikalizmi<br />

dialogis magivrad<br />

avtori: nino beqiSvili<br />

monawileebi:<br />

levan berZeniSvili<br />

respublikuri partiis wevri<br />

lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />

filosofosi<br />

nato zazaSvili<br />

fsiqologi <strong>da</strong> wmin<strong>da</strong> ninos saxelobis eklesiis mRvdelmsaxuri<br />

vaxuSti menabde<br />

iuristi<br />

mama vladimer vaxtangaZe<br />

konfliqti, romlis kulminaciac telekompania `kavkasiaSi~ momx<strong>da</strong>ri Cxubi iyo, wlebis win <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>da</strong> perio-<br />

dulobiT iCens xolme Tavs. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom moCxubrebi <strong>da</strong>apatimres, <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba isev rCeba _ <strong>da</strong>piris-<br />

pirebul mxareTa Soris, romlTaganac erTni gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva umciresobebis uflebebs<br />

icaven, xolo meoreni religiuri grZnobebis Seuracxyofaze saubroben <strong>da</strong> miznis misaRwevad Zaladobas ar<br />

eridebian. dialogi ver Sedga.<br />

dRes ukve iuristebi <strong>da</strong> politikosebi msjeloben, Seitanon Tu ara cvlilebebi kanonmdeblobaSi, romlebic<br />

gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas religiuri grZobebis sasargeblod SezRu<strong>da</strong>vs.<br />

ram gamoiwvia es konfliqti, ratom mimarTaven a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Zaladobas, ra pozicia aqvs eklesias _ am sakiTxebis<br />

garkvevas diskusiaze SevecadeT.

nino beqiSvili: ra SeiZleba iyos religiuri eqstremizmis<br />

mizezebi, rogor movediT aqamde?<br />

levan berZeniSvili: es ar aris martivi ambavi.<br />

aqamde mivediT imitom, rom kanonebi <strong>da</strong> deklarirebuli<br />

Rirebulebebi erTi mimarTulebiT midis,<br />

sazogadoebrivi cxovreba ki _ sxva mxares. sazogadoeba<br />

xSirad sajarod acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom kanoni ar<br />

aris mniSvnelovani, rom arsebobs iseTi ram, rac<br />

kanonze maRla dgas. magaliTad, Tuki samSoblos<br />

interesebi moiTxovs, SeiZleba kanoni <strong>da</strong>irRves.<br />

aseTi ram sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva konfesiis warmomadgenlTa an<br />

konfesiaTa uarmyofelTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n araerTxel Tqmula.<br />

aqamde mivediT imitom, rom Cven varT principulad<br />

CamorCenili <strong>da</strong> gaunaTlebeli sazogadoeba.<br />

yvelam SesaniSnavad icis, rom teritoriuli mTlianobis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>, arsebobs sxva Rirebulebebic, magram<br />

roca saqarTvelos xeliusflebam wamoiwyo brZola<br />

teritoriuli mTlianobis aRsadgenad, sazogadoebis<br />

didma nawilma Tqva: mere ra, Tu irRveva kanoni,<br />

mTavaria aRdges teritoriuli mTlianoba. Cemi<br />

azriT, aq aris ZiriTadi problema. me am yvelafers<br />

Zalian pirobiT <strong>da</strong> gacveTil saxels varqmev, rasac<br />

aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs mis Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel mniSvnelobasTan,<br />

magram kargad gamoxatavs Cveni sazogadoebis<br />

axlandel mdgomareobas _ es farisevlobaa.<br />

sazogadoeba acxadebs erTs, akeTebs meores <strong>da</strong> fiqrobs<br />

mesames. es ar aris martivi problema. magaliTad,<br />

saqarTvelos prezidenti erT-erTi Zalian<br />

aqtiuri moqalaqea eklesiaSi. mas SeuZlia ambionze<br />

sityva warmoTqvas, patriarqi gverdze gawios. Cven<br />

patriarqs amis bedi aqvs _ maxsovs irakli wereTelmac<br />

gverdze gawia Tavis droze. yvelam icis, ranairi<br />

aRmsarebeli <strong>da</strong> qristiania saakaSvili, magram<br />

iTvleba, raxan prezidentia, amitom marTlmorwmune<br />

qristiani un<strong>da</strong> iyos. farisevloba bevrgan Cans.<br />

vambobT, rom codna CvenTvis Zalian Rirebulia <strong>da</strong><br />

am dros maswavleblis xelfasi, mebadurTa xelfas-<br />

Tan erTad, yvelaze naklebanazRaurebadia mTel sabiujeto<br />

sistemaSi. sazogadoebaSi ar aris gulwrfeloba<br />

<strong>da</strong> xalxi ar akeTebs imas, rasac fiqrobs.<br />

kanoni <strong>da</strong>sust<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> yovelTvis, roca kanoni sustdeba,<br />

pirvelyofili instinqtebi wamoyofen xolme<br />

Tavs. instinqti martivia: me marTali var, Sen _<br />

mtyuani, ucxo ar varga <strong>da</strong> a. S<br />

nino beqiSvili: mama vladimer, Tqven ukve gamoxvediT<br />

`kavkasiis~ eTerSi <strong>da</strong> erTxel ukve TqviT,<br />

rom im Zaladobriv meTodebs, romelsac mimarTav<strong>da</strong><br />

`marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiri~ <strong>da</strong> `saxalxo<br />

marTlmadidebluri moZraoba~, qristianobasTan<br />

diskusia<br />

aranairi saerTo <strong>da</strong> kavSiri ar aqvs. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

imisa, rom incidentis Semdeg amdeni dRe gavi<strong>da</strong>,<br />

oficialurad sapatriarqos gancxadeba ar gauke-<br />

Tebia. patriarqis mier mama <strong>da</strong>viT isakaZis <strong>da</strong>jildoeba<br />

sazogadoebis nawilma ise aRiqva, TiTqos<br />

sapatriarqo miesalmeba brZolis aseT meTodebs.<br />

ramdenad erTiania qarTuli samRvdeloeba? aris<br />

Tu ara is mzad imisTvis, rom Zaladobrivi meTodebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>gmos?<br />

mama vladimeri: yvelanairi Zaladoba, visi mxri<strong>da</strong>nac<br />

un<strong>da</strong> modiodes, <strong>da</strong>sagmobia. ver getyviT,<br />

incidentis provocireba vin moaxdina, `marTlmadidebel<br />

mSobelTa kavSirma~, malxaz gulaSvilis<br />

Tanamoazreebma, Tu e.w. liberalebma, romlebic iq<br />

isxdnen. es ar vici, magram Zaladoba rom yovlad<br />

miuRebelia, es calsaxad un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas. saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia yovelTvis iyo, dResac<br />

aris <strong>da</strong> iqneba yvelanairi Zaladobis mowinaaRmdege.<br />

rac Seexeba dekanoz <strong>da</strong>viT isakaZis <strong>da</strong>jildoebas,<br />

mama <strong>da</strong>viTi araerTi welia, qarTuli eklesiis<br />

msaxuria. calsaxad nu vityviT, rom is konfliqtebis<br />

monawilea. me ar vici, TviTon ramdenad monawileob<strong>da</strong><br />

am incidentSi.<br />

nino beqiSvili: arsebobs videomasala, sa<strong>da</strong>c Cans,<br />

rom swored mama <strong>da</strong>viTi aZlev<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebebs `mar-<br />

Tlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris~ wevrebs.<br />

mama vladimeri: ara mgonia, mama <strong>da</strong>viTma vinmeze<br />

miuTiTos, _ scemeTo. ara marto mama <strong>da</strong>viTma, aramed<br />

_ nebismierma mRvdelma. es miuRebelia nebismieri<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianisgan <strong>da</strong> miT umetes _ sasuliero pirisgan.<br />

dekanozi <strong>da</strong>viT isakaZe, rogorc giTxariT,<br />

ukve ramdenime welia, eklesiis samsaxurSia <strong>da</strong> mas<br />

eklesiisTvis bevri sikeTe aqvs motanili. araer-<br />

Ti eklesia aaSena Tu ganaaxla, mravali a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

moiyvana eklesiaSi <strong>da</strong> vfiqrob, is am <strong>da</strong>msaxurebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT <strong>da</strong>ajildoves.<br />

nino beqiSvili: rodis xdeba Zaladoba SesaZlebeli?<br />

ra kvebavs Zaladobas?<br />

lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: Zaladoba SesaZlebelia<br />

maSin, rodesac is ar ganiSifreba, anu ar aris<br />

msjeloba am socialur movlenaze. eqstremizmi,<br />

fun<strong>da</strong>mentalizmi, Seuwynarebloba, qsenofobia SesaZlebelia<br />

mxolod im sazogadoebaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c ar<br />

aris SexedulebaTa pluralizmi <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c radikalizacia<br />

xdeba. erTi mxriv, arsebobs ukiduresad<br />

liberaluri azri <strong>da</strong> meore mxriv _ ukiduresad fa-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 63

diskusia<br />

natikuri Sexedulebebi. SuaSi ki araferia. magram<br />

or radikalur azrs Sorisac ar moxdebo<strong>da</strong> Sejaxeba,<br />

rom iyos am Sexedulebebze, mosazrebebze mudmivi<br />

msjeloba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas hqondes saSualeba,<br />

mousminos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Tvalsazriss, mousminos yvelas<br />

<strong>da</strong> sakuTar Tavs <strong>da</strong>ujeros. Tuki demokratiis,<br />

liberalizmis evropul istorias ga<strong>da</strong>vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, vnaxavT,<br />

rom iyo raRac warmodgenebi, Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong><br />

maTi sapirispiro ideebi <strong>da</strong> swored sapirispiros<br />

gaCenis Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong> qveynebis <strong>da</strong> Sexedulebebis<br />

ganviTarebas SesaZlebloba. stagnacias swored<br />

alternatiuli azrebis ararseboba iwvevs. magram<br />

Tu ga<strong>da</strong>vxe<strong>da</strong>vT Cveni sazogadoebis ganviTarebis<br />

istorias, vTqvaT _ <strong>da</strong>moukideblobi<strong>da</strong>n dRemde,<br />

sul sxva suraTi <strong>da</strong>gvxvdeba _ aq TiTqmis yovel-<br />

mama vladimer vaxtangaZe<br />

aravin ambobs, rom quCaSi vinme un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>viWiroT, an vinmes rame avukrZaloT.<br />

am yvelafers sityviT <strong>da</strong> yvela im<br />

berketiT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vupirispirdeT, rac<br />

eklesias aqvs xelT. eklesiis Zala<br />

sityvaa. Cven, sasuliero pirebi <strong>da</strong><br />

yvela is a<strong>da</strong>miani, vinc Tavs eklesiis<br />

wevrad Tvlis, maqsimalurad un<strong>da</strong><br />

SevecadoT, msgavs sibinZures win<br />

aRvudgeT, oRond _ yovelnairi<br />

Zaladobis gareSe.<br />

Tvis batonob<strong>da</strong> erTi Sexeduleba, romelzec un<strong>da</strong><br />

yofiliyo sworeba. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva institucia mudmivad<br />

amisaken mogviwodebs: an mmarTveli partia, an<br />

eklesia, an vinme inteleqtuali ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom misi<br />

azri erTaderTi <strong>da</strong> xelTuqmnelia. ar vmsjelobdiT<br />

<strong>da</strong> arc axla vmsjelobT. me ar maxsovs arc<br />

erTi sajaro diskusia Temaze, aris Tu ara gamoxatvis<br />

Tavisufleba konfliqtSi saxelmwifo samar-<br />

Tlis raRac dokumentTan, an religiis kanonebTan.<br />

diskusiis ararseboba mniSvnelovani xarvezia.<br />

64 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

nino beqiSvili: gavixsenoT is meTodebi, rasac<br />

Cveni xelisufleba pirvel wlebSi iyeneb<strong>da</strong>, roca<br />

Cven yoveldRe teleeTeriT vuyurebdiT tele<strong>da</strong>-<br />

Werebs _ roca a<strong>da</strong>mianebs sakuTrebas arTmevdnen,<br />

roca Zalis ga<strong>da</strong>metebiT <strong>da</strong>iWires basil mkalaviSvili<br />

<strong>da</strong> a. S. Cven SeveCvieT Zaladobis cqeras.<br />

amgvari telemedia <strong>da</strong> amgvari ganwyobebi uxsnis Tu<br />

ara gzas, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, moZaladeebs?<br />

nato zazaSvili: 9 apriliT rom <strong>da</strong>viwyoT <strong>da</strong> gamovyveT,<br />

vnaxavT, ramdeni konfliqti mox<strong>da</strong>. Cven<br />

samoqalaqo omi <strong>da</strong> araerTi eTnokonfliqti ga<strong>da</strong>vitaneT<br />

<strong>da</strong> iqi<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli Zaladoba yoveldRiuri<br />

cxovrebis Semadgeneli nawili gax<strong>da</strong>. bolo<br />

wlebis movlenebs am procesis nawilad aRviqvam.<br />

me, rogorc profesionals _ fsiqologs, mawuxebs<br />

is, Tu rogori <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT, intonaciiT<br />

xdeba urTierTobis garkveva. makvirvebs sazogadoebis<br />

mzadyofna, momentalurad Seqmnas mtris<br />

xati. SeiZleba raRacas ar eTanxmebode, Sinaganad<br />

agresiac gagiCndes, magram es ar niSnavs, rom xeli<br />

un<strong>da</strong> vkraT a<strong>da</strong>mians. rac un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes, yovel-<br />

Tvis SeiZleba pirobiTad, Seni mowinaaRmdege mainc<br />

Sen gverdiT <strong>da</strong>tovo. amis magaliTia mSoblis <strong>da</strong><br />

Svilis urTierToba, rodesac maT Soris konfliqtia.<br />

iSviaTad xdeba, rom de<strong>da</strong>m Svili napralis<br />

iqiT ga<strong>da</strong>tyorcnos. Tu amis gakeTeba sakuTar<br />

SvilebTan SegviZlia, sxvis SvilebTanac un<strong>da</strong> SevZloT.<br />

rodesac konfliqtur situaciaSi myof<br />

col-qmarTan vmuSobT, pirveli win ga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli<br />

nabijia, rodesac urTierT<strong>da</strong>bralebis terminebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

vaxerxebT <strong>da</strong> saubari mizezebis Ziebisken migvyavs.<br />

es advili ar aris, gansakuTrebiT, roca<br />

saqme bavSvebs exebaT. zogjer mSoblebi bavSvebs<br />

iseT mZime pirobebSi amyofeben, rom SeiZleba Sinaganad<br />

Zalian agresiuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba mqondes<br />

mSoblis mimarT, magram amas arasdros gamovxatav.<br />

roca a<strong>da</strong>miani mrisxanebaSia, xdeba cnobierebis<br />

Seviwroeba, fokusi viwrovdeba, xe<strong>da</strong>v marto erT<br />

wertils <strong>da</strong> goneba blokirebulia, moqmedeb mxolod<br />

impulsebiT <strong>da</strong> kontrols aRar eqvemdebarebi.<br />

ojaxSi Zaladoba <strong>da</strong> saerTod Zaladoba erTmaneTs<br />

hgavs. ojaxSi Sexla-Semoxla xdeba col-qmars Soris,<br />

amas bavSvi xe<strong>da</strong>vs. saRamos ki yvela televizorTan<br />

jdeba <strong>da</strong> uyreben, magaliTad, 7 noembris<br />

kadrebs. amiT isini <strong>da</strong>sturs iReben, rom maTi saqcieli<br />

gamarTlebulia: saxelmwifo, romlis xelSicaa<br />

Zalaufleba _ moZaladea. mozardi meore dRes<br />

quCaSi gadis, Tan <strong>da</strong>na udevs jibeSi <strong>da</strong> aravin ar<br />

aris mis gverdiT, vinc <strong>da</strong>elaparakeba. mgonia, amaze<br />

un<strong>da</strong> vifiqroT _ ras fiqroben, ra stkivaT, ra<br />

moswonT am bavSvebs. maT <strong>da</strong>xmareba sWirdebaT, rom<br />

moZaladeebad ar iqcnen.

lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: Cven ramdenime tipis kanons<br />

vemorCilebiT. erTi mxriv aris religiuri kanoni,<br />

meore mxriv _ civilizebuli, anu samoqalaqo kanonebi,<br />

romelsac un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vemorCiloT, rogorc am qveynis<br />

moqalaqeebi. CvenSi isev Zlieria a<strong>da</strong>T-wesobrivi<br />

samarTali. Cvens cxovrebaSi did rols asrulebs<br />

e.w. tradiciuli normebi, romelsac mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc<br />

did winaRmdegobas ver vuwevT. amave dros 1994<br />

wli<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqti<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>. Tu Cven varT sekularuli saxelmwifo<br />

<strong>da</strong> gvin<strong>da</strong> civilizebuli samyaros nawilad viqceT,<br />

maSin un<strong>da</strong> vaRiaroT, rom yvela sxva samarTalTan<br />

mimarTebaSi, primati saerTaSoriso samarTals aqvs.<br />

nino beqiSvili: qarTveli mosamarTleebi saqmeebis<br />

ganxilvisas iSviTad mimarTaven saerTaSoriso<br />

samarTals.<br />

lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: xSirad maT isic ar ician,<br />

rom saerTaSoriso samarTals primati aqvs. amis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>, saerTaSoriso samarTliT garantirebuli<br />

uflebebi bevr moqalaqes, saxelmwifo moxeles, politikoss<br />

Tu sasuliero pirs gacnobierebuli ar<br />

aqvs <strong>da</strong> ar esmis, rom amis gareSe qveyana, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

vcxovrobT, ver gaxdeba civilizebuli <strong>da</strong> ver ganvviTardebiT.<br />

nino beqiSvili: erekle deisaZis wigni, savaraudod,<br />

mxolod sababi iyo. konfliqti ar <strong>da</strong>wyebula<br />

guSin. bolo wlebis manZilze garkveuli sixSiriT<br />

amgvari SemTxvevebi xdebo<strong>da</strong>. Tuki vaRiarebT saqarTvelos<br />

konstitucias <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobas,<br />

romelic icavs Cveni gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas,<br />

maSin ra un<strong>da</strong> vqnaT? arseboben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />

romlebic amboben, rom wignebi un<strong>da</strong> aikrZalos, kanonmdebloba<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>ixedos <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />

levan berZeniSvili: es martivi saqme ar aris. deisaZes<br />

aqvs ufleba, weros, rac un<strong>da</strong>. rac Seexeba am<br />

organizacias <strong>da</strong> mis Zaladobas _ qalbatonma natom<br />

ojaxur Zaladobaze isaubra, magram organizebuli<br />

Zaladoba gansxvavdeba erTi piris Zaladobisgan.<br />

koleqtiur Zaladobas aqvs erTi Tavisebureba. am<br />

Taviseburebas kacobrioba gaecno iseTi formiT,<br />

rom mere Sercxva <strong>da</strong> warmoudgeneli dokumenti<br />

<strong>da</strong>do 1948 wlis 10 dekembers. dRes `a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias~ veravin ver<br />

<strong>da</strong>wers <strong>da</strong> ar arsebobs saxelmwifo, romelic mas<br />

dRes miiReb<strong>da</strong>. yvela religiuri konfesia ewinaaRmdegeba<br />

am dokuments, es normaluricaa, asec un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos. es deklaracia yvelaferze maRla <strong>da</strong>dga swored<br />

imitom, rom misma Semqmnelebma warmoudgeneli<br />

sisastike naxes.<br />

lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />

diskusia<br />

erTi mxriv, arsebobs ukiduresad<br />

liberaluri azri <strong>da</strong> meore<br />

mxriv _ ukiduresad fanatikuri<br />

Sexedulebebi. SuaSi ki araferia.<br />

Tuki demokratiis, liberalizmis<br />

evropul istorias ga<strong>da</strong>vxe<strong>da</strong>vT,<br />

vnaxavT, rom iyo raRac warmodgenebi,<br />

Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong> maTi sapirispiro<br />

ideebi <strong>da</strong> swored sapirispiros<br />

gaCenis Semdeg Cndebo<strong>da</strong> qveynebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> Sexedulebebis ganviTarebas<br />

SesaZlebloba.<br />

Zaladoba Zaladobas warmoSobs. Cven amdeni xania,<br />

vuyurebT sxva qveynebSi amas. Tu israeli Zaladobs,<br />

maSin arabebi afeTqeben <strong>da</strong> Tu arabebi afeTqeben,<br />

maSin israeli Zaladobs. es ar <strong>da</strong>mTavrdeba,<br />

vidre ar moiZebneba raime formula. Cven sazogadoebas<br />

komunisturi ideologia moaxvies Tavs. vinc<br />

ar eTanxmebo<strong>da</strong>, imas mixe<strong>da</strong>vdnen. naxevarma qveyanam<br />

<strong>da</strong>xoca qveynis meore naxevari. komunistebis dros<br />

Cven gamovtoveT ganviTarebis faza, CamovrCiT.<br />

xolo Cven, qarTvelebi, vinai<strong>da</strong>n ar vflobdiT saerTo<br />

saxelmwifos 800 wlis ganmavlobaSi, gansaku-<br />

Trebulad CamovrCiT _ ufro metad, vidre baltiis<br />

qveynebi.<br />

saqarTveloSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> moTxovna `erTze~. magali-<br />

Tad, moiTxoven, gaerTiandes mTeli opozicia.<br />

naTelia, vinc amas iTxovs, is xval gcems, imitom,<br />

rom is `erTs~ iTxovs. erTisadmi aseTi brma rwmenaa,<br />

moiTxoven, rom mTeli nacia erTis garSemo Seikras,<br />

yvelas un<strong>da</strong> hqondes erTi azri, yvelas un<strong>da</strong><br />

ecvas ase, yvela un<strong>da</strong> iyos aseTi. me gansakuTrebiT<br />

momewona, roca axalgazr<strong>da</strong> axalgazr<strong>da</strong>s uxsni<strong>da</strong>,<br />

ra un<strong>da</strong> Caicvas.<br />

nino beqiSvili: saqarTvelo Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan xdeba Tanamedrove<br />

msoflios nawili <strong>da</strong> am pirobebSi eklesia<br />

ver iqneba erTaderTi azrTa mpyrobeli, rogorc<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 65

diskusia<br />

_ bevri saukunis manZilze. Tu aris eklesiaSi dialogi<br />

imis Sesaxeb, ra gamowvevebis winaSe dgas dRes<br />

eklesia Tanamedrove samyaroSi? es ar aris marto<br />

qarTuli eklesiis problema. amave dilemis winaSe<br />

albaT bevri sxva religiuri organizaciac dgas.<br />

mama vladimeri: eklesia ar aris marto ierarqebi,<br />

arc marto mrevli. es erTi mTlianobaa. ra Tqma<br />

nato zazaSvili<br />

me, rogorc profesionals _<br />

fsiqologs, mawuxebs is, Tu rogori<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT, intonaciiT<br />

xdeba urTierTobis garkveva.<br />

makvirvebs sazogadoebis mzadyofna,<br />

momentalurad Seqmnas mtris xati.<br />

SeiZleba raRacas ar eTanxmebode,<br />

Sinaganad agresiac gagiCndes,<br />

magram es ar niSnavs, rom xeli un<strong>da</strong><br />

vkraT a<strong>da</strong>mians. rac un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes,<br />

yovelTvis SeiZleba pirobiTad, Seni<br />

mowinaaRmdege mainc Sen gverdiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>tovo.<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, saqarTvelos eklesia axali gamowvevebis winaSe<br />

dgas, es bunebrivia. magram rac brZaneT, rom<br />

istoriis manZilze eklesia iyo azrTa erTaderTi<br />

mpyrobeli, mTlad ase ar yofila. eklesia yovel-<br />

Tvis cdilob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> dResac cdilobs, rom sazogadoeba<br />

iyos jansaRi. ar vici, Tu vinme fiqrobs, rom<br />

homoseqsualebi <strong>da</strong> aseTi ukuRmarTobebi sijansa-<br />

Ris maxasiaTebelia, amas marTlmadidebeli eklesia,<br />

me marTlmadidebelTa saxeliT vsaubrob, ver<br />

Seegueba. ar mgonia, rom muslimebi <strong>da</strong> iudevelebi<br />

amas gagebiT Sexvdnen. es arabunebrivia <strong>da</strong> xSirad<br />

es a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, ufro metad moZaladeebi arian. deisaZes<br />

<strong>da</strong> mis msgavsebs vgulisxmob. gvikiJineben, _<br />

amis ufleba gvaqvso. ki batono, Cven aravis sawer<br />

magi<strong>da</strong>sTan ar vusxedvarT, <strong>da</strong> veravis vukrZala-<br />

66 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

vT <strong>da</strong> arc avukrZalavT, imitom rom yvelas Tavisi<br />

azri aqvs; magram Semdeg am wignebs did propagan<strong>da</strong>s<br />

uweven <strong>da</strong> reklamas ukeTeben.<br />

nino beqiSvili: erekle deisaZis wigns reklama<br />

swored im kampaniam gauwia, rac mis sawinaaRmdegod<br />

aagores.<br />

mama vladimeri: SeiZleba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis<br />

niRbiT sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianis, an a<strong>da</strong>mianTa jgufis religiur<br />

Tu moralur Rirebulebebs Seuracxyofa<br />

mivayenoT? cema-tyepa calsaxad miuRebelia, amaze<br />

ar aris saubari, magram aris institutebi, maT Soris<br />

saqarTveloSic, romlebic mizanmimarTulad<br />

uweven propagan<strong>da</strong>s aRviraxsnilobas. ratom ar xdebo<strong>da</strong><br />

amgvari ram Svidi, rva, aTi wlis winaT? maSin<br />

ar iyvnen saqarTveloSi homoseqsualebi? eklesia<br />

<strong>da</strong> yvela moralurad mdgradi organizacia, iqneba<br />

es religiuri Tu sxva, ver Seegueba, Tvisobrivad<br />

ver miiRebs <strong>da</strong> ver waaxalisebs amoralurobas.<br />

nino beqiSvili: internetis epoqaSi uxamsobisgan,<br />

Zaladobisgan, pornografiisgan aravinaa <strong>da</strong>culi.<br />

saqarTveloSi irans ver SevqmniT. iranSi msgavsi<br />

araferi iwereba. vinc <strong>da</strong>wers, maSinve Tavs moWrian<br />

an CamoaxrCoben.<br />

mama vladimeri: aravin ambobs, rom quCaSi vinme<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viWiroT, an vinmes rame avukrZaloT. am<br />

yvelafers sityviT <strong>da</strong> yvela im berketiT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vupirispirdeT,<br />

rac eklesias aqvs xelT. eklesiis<br />

Zala sityvaa. Cven, sasuliero pirebi <strong>da</strong> yvela is<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani, vinc Tavs eklesiis wevrad Tvlis, maqsimalurad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> SevecadoT, msgavs sibinZures win<br />

aRvudgeT, oRond _ yovelnairi Zaladobis gareSe.<br />

erovnuli Rirebulebebi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vicvaT Tu ara?<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vicvaT Tu ara zogadsakacobrio moraluri<br />

Rirebulebebi? amazea saubari. gvikiJineben, _<br />

Tqven ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvaT, <strong>da</strong> Cven es yvelaferi un<strong>da</strong><br />

vnergoTo. ase ar SeiZleba.<br />

lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili: un<strong>da</strong> SevTanxmdeT, ra meTodebiT<br />

vicavT Rirebulebebs. cxadia, eklesias aqvs<br />

ufleba, raRac ar moewonos <strong>da</strong> amaze isaubros.<br />

mama vladimeri: eklesia a<strong>da</strong>mianTa erTobaa, is<br />

cocxali organizmia. roca misTvis wmi<strong>da</strong>Tawmi<strong>da</strong>s<br />

Seuracxyofen, cota Znelia TavSekaveba. TavSekaveba<br />

im gagebiT, rom mere sapasuxo agresia ar wamovides.<br />

pirveli agresori Seuracxmyofelia, magali-<br />

Tad _ deisaZe. viRacebi a<strong>da</strong>mianis moralur mxareze<br />

Zaladoben. eklesiis cneba, iciT, ra gaxlavT? erT<br />

loyaSi rom gagartyamen, meore un<strong>da</strong> miuSviro.

srulyofis gzaze un<strong>da</strong> midiode. Tuki pirovnebebs<br />

rame eSlebaT, amaSi eklesia <strong>da</strong>mnaSave ar aris.<br />

eklesia aris saxareba <strong>da</strong> wmi<strong>da</strong> werili. eklesia ar<br />

aris viRac cdomili pirovneba. ase iyo saukuneebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi. qristianoba gvaswavlis, _ giyvardes<br />

Seni mteri <strong>da</strong> ulocevdiT mawyevarTa TqvenTao.<br />

levan berZeniSvili: raSi sWirdeba saqarTvelos,<br />

Cvens qveyanas, mis sazogadoebas `marTlmadidebel<br />

mSobelTa kavSiri~? seriozulad vkiTxulob.<br />

gulaSvili rom ar gvWirdeba, es ukve `marTlmadidebel<br />

mSobelTa kavSirmac~ icis. es kavSiri ras<br />

akeTebs? eklesias rame funqcia aklia, <strong>da</strong> eseni avseben?<br />

Tu es eklesiis komkavSiria? aseTi moZaladeebi<br />

komkavSirlebi iyvnen. Cems axalgazrdobaSi<br />

eklesiaSi Sesvlas komunisturi partiis wevrebi ki<br />

ar gvikrZalavdnen, aramed _ komkavSirlebi. vTvli,<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>mnaSavea sazogadoeba, romelic ambobs, _<br />

mere ra, iyos cota moeqstremisto organizaciebico.<br />

me arasamTavrobo organizaciis xelmZRvaneli<br />

viyavi wlebis ganmavlobaSi, vicnob am seqtors <strong>da</strong><br />

min<strong>da</strong> vikiTxo, _ riTi arsebobs `marTlmadidebel<br />

mSobelTa kavSiri~?! am sferos kargad vicnob <strong>da</strong><br />

vici, SemosawiriT ver iarsebebs arc erTi organizacia,<br />

e.i. sponsori hyavT, romelic <strong>da</strong>farulia,<br />

rac imas niSnavs, rom gamWvirvale ar aris. is finansebi,<br />

romlebic gamWvirvale ar aris, ar miekuTvneba<br />

samoqalaqo sazogadoebas. mafiac samoqalaqo<br />

sazogadoebis wevri iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, finansebis xarjva <strong>da</strong><br />

is brZanebebi, romlebic gaicema, gamWvirvale rom<br />

iyos.<br />

nato zazaSvili: erTia, roca viRac akontrolebs,<br />

viRac afinansebs, magram es <strong>da</strong>mfinanseblebi, rogorc<br />

wesi, noyier nia<strong>da</strong>gs pouloben a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi,<br />

romlebic gulwrfelad ijereben, gulwrfelad<br />

mihyvebian maT. vfiqrob, Cveni sazogadoeba mZime<br />

krizisSia. ukanasknel ocwleulSi marto politikuri,<br />

ekonomikuri, socialuri krizisi ki ar iyo,<br />

aramed iyo kulturuli, moraluri, fsiqologiuri<br />

_ yvelanairi krizisi. SeiZleba esec iyos imis mizezi,<br />

rom viRac wers <strong>da</strong> mimarTavs TviTgamoxatvis<br />

aseT mZafr formas. viRacas aseTi reaqcia aqvs <strong>da</strong><br />

Tvlis, rom es misaRebia, un<strong>da</strong> rom iyviros, xmamaRla<br />

gamoxatos protesti. a<strong>da</strong>mianis aseTi sulieri<br />

mdgomareoba yuradRebamisaqcevia. es SemTxveviT<br />

ar xdeba. ar vgulisxmob, rom CemTan movidnen <strong>da</strong><br />

me fsiqoTerapiis kurss Cavutareb. eklesias Zalian<br />

didi resursi aqvs <strong>da</strong> mgoni, SeuZlia, gamoiyenos<br />

sazogadoebis sasargeblod.<br />

levan berZeniSvili: erTi ram un<strong>da</strong> vTqva deisa-<br />

Zis <strong>da</strong>sacavad. deisaZe Semc<strong>da</strong>ria <strong>da</strong>, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c me<br />

levan berZeniSvili<br />

aqamde mivediT imitom, rom kanonebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> deklarirebuli Rirebulebebi<br />

erTi mimarTulebiT midis,<br />

sazogadoebrivi cxovreba ki _<br />

sxva mxares. sazogadoeba xSirad<br />

sajarod acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom kanoni ar<br />

aris mniSvnelovani, rom arsebobs<br />

iseTi ram, rac kanonze maRla<br />

dgas. magaliTad, Tuki samSoblos<br />

interesebi moiTxovs, SeiZleba kanoni<br />

<strong>da</strong>irRves.<br />

vici, eklesia un<strong>da</strong> loculobdes deisaZisTvis, rom<br />

man swori gza ipovos. `marTlmadidebel mSobelTa<br />

kavSiri~ ki ar loculobs, aramed scems deisaZes.<br />

figuralurad vambob, pira<strong>da</strong>d is ver moixelTes.<br />

esaa gansxvaveba. arc imis mjera, rom eklesia viRacas<br />

ubrZanebs, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi scemon. `marTlmadidebel<br />

mSobelTa kavSiris~ wevrebi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulebi arian,<br />

rom locvas Zala ar aqvs <strong>da</strong> eklesiac uZluria,<br />

amitomac scemen. rac Seexeba baton isakaZes, Cemi<br />

azriT, is aSkarad xulignuri qvena grZnobiT karnaxob<strong>da</strong><br />

universitetTan, vin un<strong>da</strong> gaelaxaT <strong>da</strong> vin _<br />

ara. aq eklesia arafer SuaSi ar aris. ubralod, im<br />

monetSi mas anafora ar ecva, man qriste ar Seimosa.<br />

mama vladimeri: me ar minaxavs es.<br />

diskusia<br />

levan berZeniSvili: rom vnaxe, imitom geubnebiT.<br />

pira<strong>da</strong>d iq ar vyofilvar, magram mere vuyure. mTel<br />

msoflios aqvs saSualeba, `iuTubze~ es kadrebi naxos,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c Cans, rom isakaZe warmarTav<strong>da</strong> Zaladobas.<br />

namdvilad konteqsti<strong>da</strong>n amoglejili aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>jildoeba. is, marTalia, sxva ramis gamo mox<strong>da</strong>,<br />

magram es ambebi un<strong>da</strong> gaeTvaliswinebinaT. sajarod<br />

keTilad ar un<strong>da</strong> moexseniebinaT kaci, romelic,<br />

yvelam vnaxeT, ra procesebsac warmarTav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 67

esei<br />

isev birsi gamaxsen<strong>da</strong><br />

avtori: aka morCilaZe<br />

axla gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, swored rom samoc<strong>da</strong>aTian wlebSi iyo<br />

wignebis aseTi seria, albaT erT-erTi yvelaze kargi <strong>da</strong><br />

moqnili seria im droSi <strong>da</strong> erqva `erTi moTxroba~.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wignebi arc iyo, aramed patara,<br />

Txeli rveulebi, momcro zomisa. TiTo rveulSi, mwerlis<br />

TiTo moTxroba iyo, isinic albaT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva zomisa.<br />

y<strong>da</strong>s feradi zoli gasdev<strong>da</strong>, romelze<strong>da</strong>c TeTrad<br />

ewera saTauri. ydis marcxena kuTxeSi mwerlis foto<br />

iyo, rogorc wesi, Zalian retuSirebuli <strong>da</strong> mixatulmoxatuli.<br />

etyoba im droSi an Wir<strong>da</strong> an ra vici, xerxebi<br />

ar iyo fotos sufTad <strong>da</strong>beWdvisa.<br />

fotos qveS ki mwerlis gvari <strong>da</strong> saxeli ewera. marjvena<br />

ze<strong>da</strong> kuTxeSi ki seriis logo iyo, gaSlili gragnili<br />

<strong>da</strong> zed kalami, iqave warwera, `erTi moTxroba~.<br />

ar vici ra mizeziT <strong>da</strong> es wignakebi blomad gvqon<strong>da</strong>.<br />

etyoba mamaCemi yidulob<strong>da</strong> xolme, xels gamoayoleb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

cxadia, Zalian iafi wignakebi iyo, Cemi varaudiT, ase<br />

oci kapiki eRirebo<strong>da</strong>. albaT arc iyo gaTvlili didx-<br />

68 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

amroz birsi<br />

ans Sesanaxad <strong>da</strong> arc Semonaxula, razec gvarianad mwydeba<br />

guli, bolomde mqon<strong>da</strong> erTi <strong>da</strong> mere aRar vici<br />

sad wavi<strong>da</strong>.<br />

qarTveli mwerlebisa am seriaSi erTi moTxroba<br />

maxsovs, guram gegeSiZisa. gvarianad SemaSina am<br />

moTxrobam. albaT imitom rom patara viyavi, xom ici,<br />

Tan rom mogewoneba <strong>da</strong> Tan rom SegeSindeba. marTla Zalian<br />

patara viyavi imis sakiTxavad. ufro ki ucxoelebi<br />

maxsovs.<br />

iq iyo trumen kapotes `bavSvebi <strong>da</strong>badebis dReze~,<br />

simenonis `Ria fanjara~, Tu raRac aseTi, hemingueis<br />

`kilimanjaros Tovliani mTa~ <strong>da</strong> ambroz birsis `SemTxveva<br />

Wotiswylis xidze~.<br />

simenoni im fotoze ratomRac fernandels hgav<strong>da</strong>,<br />

heminguei zangiviT iyo <strong>da</strong> iRimo<strong>da</strong> rogorc arasdros<br />

gauRimia <strong>da</strong> kapote iyurebo<strong>da</strong> sadRac, SoreTSi.<br />

saqme marTlac eg aris, rom CemTvis arasdros uTqvams<br />

vinmes, es waikiTxe <strong>da</strong> es ar waikiTxoo, rogorRac<br />

egre gamovi<strong>da</strong>. raRacas ki mirCevdnen es waikiTxeo, ro

gorc bavSvebs urCeven xolme, magram amas jerjerobiT<br />

nu miadgebio aravis uTqvams. ho<strong>da</strong>, egre gamovi<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

`kilimanjaros Tovliani mTa~ dRemde ar wamikiTxavs.<br />

ar wamikiTxavs rogor, maxsovs rom ga<strong>da</strong>keTebulSi gregori<br />

peki TamaSobs <strong>da</strong> im films hefi endi aqvs, Torem<br />

momkali <strong>da</strong> odesme wamakiTxe eg wigni. ise, vTvli, rom<br />

wakiTxuli maqvs, imitom rom im seriaSi wavikiTxe. ra<br />

Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, bevri veraferi gavige <strong>da</strong> dRemde <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />

var, rom saukeTeso am moTxrobaSi misi epigrafia.<br />

anu Semdgomi ambavi saWiro aRar aris. im kai<br />

kacs SeeZlo yinulebSi moxvedril leopardze <strong>da</strong>ewera,<br />

oRon<strong>da</strong>c maSin ufro a<strong>da</strong>mianebze wera iyo mo<strong>da</strong>Si <strong>da</strong><br />

ara ambebze. ase iyo, Tu ise, im wignze ki guli aRar<br />

mimivi<strong>da</strong>.<br />

simenonze mivxvdi, rom iyo iq raRac mouxelTebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong> ostaturi. maSin eg sityva ar vicodi, rasakvirvelia.<br />

oRond, ratomRac maxsovs is dRe, roca am moTxrobas<br />

vkiTxulobdi <strong>da</strong> Tan samzareulos fanjri<strong>da</strong>n viyurebodi.<br />

kargi amindi iyo, SabaTi, <strong>da</strong> albaT ukve gviani<br />

gazafxuli. mere raRac kargi mox<strong>da</strong>. kargi ra, sasiamovno.<br />

nametania, Svidi wlis rom xar <strong>da</strong> am wignebs ar<br />

gamogarTmeven xeli<strong>da</strong>n. albaT imitom vkiTxulobdi,<br />

rom saqme <strong>da</strong> gasarTobi araferi mqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ezoSic ar<br />

gamiSves. ras gaugeb.<br />

kapote Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve uarvyavi, ar vici ratom, albaT<br />

saTauri ar momewona. xo<strong>da</strong>, maxsovs, rogor wavikiTxe<br />

birsi.<br />

am wignakebi<strong>da</strong>n, birsis wignaki erTaderTi iyo,<br />

romelsac avtoris foto ar amSveneb<strong>da</strong>. etyoba ver<br />

iSoves, arsad iyo sabWoTa sawigne SesanaxebSi <strong>da</strong> arc<br />

is vici, birsis wignebi gamoicemo<strong>da</strong> Tu ara sabWoTa<br />

kavSirSi xSirad.<br />

birsis fotos nacvlad wigns amSveneb<strong>da</strong> sibneleSi,<br />

Sav siluetebad mavali kaci <strong>da</strong> kaktusi.<br />

moTxrobas ki, rogorc mogaxseneT, erqva `SemTxveva<br />

Wotiswylis xidze~.<br />

gavigJdi ra. eg ro wavikiTxe gavgiJdi. ise <strong>da</strong>mwy<strong>da</strong><br />

guli <strong>da</strong> ise avReldi.<br />

iq egeTi ambavia, rom kaci un<strong>da</strong> CamoaxrCon jariskacebma<br />

<strong>da</strong> TiTqos es kaci ga<strong>da</strong>rCeba, ReleSi gacuravs,<br />

mere ki irkveva, rom es mxolod misi fiqrebi yofila<br />

CamoxrCobis dros. aba, guli ar gagiskdeba?<br />

CamoxrCobis ambisa maSin vicodi, rom ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />

u<strong>da</strong>naSauloebs CamoaxrCoben xolme. ratomRac kinoebSi<br />

sakmaod xSirad Can<strong>da</strong> CamoxrCobebi <strong>da</strong> sikvdiliT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sjebi. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d revolucionerebs CamoaxrCobdnen<br />

xolme <strong>da</strong> isinic gmirulad CamoexrCobodnen.<br />

rogorc maxsovs, am CamoxrCobebis ambebi kinoebiT<br />

di<strong>da</strong>d ar moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>, radgan iq di<strong>da</strong>d ar Can<strong>da</strong> rom<br />

vinme, Tun<strong>da</strong>c CamosaxrCobi, di<strong>da</strong>d winaaRmdegia am ambisa.<br />

iq Can<strong>da</strong>, rom is imdenad mamacia, rom Tavis aRsasruls<br />

rwmeniTa <strong>da</strong> RirsebiT xvdeba, Tumca icis rom es<br />

didi usamarTlobaa.<br />

esei<br />

am moTxrobaSi ki kaci <strong>da</strong>sawyisi<strong>da</strong>nve ga<strong>da</strong>rCenis gegmas<br />

awyob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Tumca, saqme egec ar iyo, rom aq Tavga<strong>da</strong>savlis ambavi<br />

iyo saintereso. saqme ferebi iyo, rogorc axla<br />

vxvdebi. rogor iyo es yvelaferi aRwerili. vaaax…<br />

aba ramdeni wlis mere Sevityve, rom birsi pure inglisuris<br />

ostati iyo <strong>da</strong> Cans, es qarTul TargmanSic<br />

gadmohyolo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Tan es yvelaferi, razec is mogiTxrob<strong>da</strong>, sruliad<br />

ucxo <strong>da</strong> axali iyo, ubralod qalebis <strong>da</strong> kacebis ambavi<br />

ki ar iyo, kidev raRac meti. kaci iyo samxreTeli<br />

plantatori, jariskacebi _ Crdiloelebi <strong>da</strong> imitom<br />

axrCobdnen, rom man swored am Wotiswylis xidis <strong>da</strong>ngreva<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita erTi jaSuSis CagonebiT. anu, TviTon<br />

ubiZges, raTa CamoxrCobis mizezi hqono<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

es plantatorobac vicodi mgoni. didi sazizRari<br />

rame iyo, `biZia Tomas qoxi<strong>da</strong>n~ gamomdinare, magram es<br />

CamosaxrCobi kaci sazizRari ar Can<strong>da</strong>.<br />

an ras omobdnen erTmaneTSi, xom saerTod…<br />

birsis wignebi rusulad ar menaxa-meTqi <strong>da</strong> moTxrobebic<br />

imdeni ar hqon<strong>da</strong>, rom uamravi wigni gamosuliyo.<br />

birsi xom ufro Jurnalisti iyo, dRes rogorc ityvian,<br />

cxeli wertilebisa, <strong>da</strong> manamde ki sabrZolo Wrilobebi<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong>, raic mTeli cxovreba stanjav<strong>da</strong>. bolos,<br />

ukve moxuci, samoc<strong>da</strong>aTi wlisa gaqan<strong>da</strong> meqsikaSi iqauri<br />

samoqalaqo omis gemos asaRebad <strong>da</strong> iqav <strong>da</strong>ikarga.<br />

aravin icis misi saflavi.<br />

axirebuli kaci iyo, Semtevi, mwarekalmiani Jurnalisti,<br />

Tavisi Jurnalistika tomebad gamosca sanam<br />

cocxali iyo.<br />

komunistebis droSi egeTi gamomcemloba iyo, `progresi~,<br />

romelic inglisurad uSveb<strong>da</strong> wignebs. ho<strong>da</strong>,<br />

birsis erTi krebuli mqon<strong>da</strong> swored im gamomcemlobisa.<br />

patara iyo, jibeSi eteo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> erT student gogos<br />

miveci.<br />

aRar maxsovs, ratom <strong>da</strong>interes<strong>da</strong> birsiT, me ar<br />

mixsenebia. mgoni imitom, rom raRac amis msgavsze<br />

velaparakebodi, Zvel Jurnalistebze.<br />

mgoni amaze sadRac <strong>da</strong>vwere ukve, Tu raRac deJa-vius<br />

ambavia, ar vici.<br />

esec birsis pontia, uyvar<strong>da</strong> deJa-viuze <strong>da</strong> aseT rameebze<br />

wera.<br />

perestroikis dros misi wignebi <strong>da</strong>iyara, ufro sworad<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> igive krebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva y<strong>da</strong>Si. viyide,<br />

gaqra, viyide, gaqra. Cinikosis leqsikoni <strong>da</strong> aseTebi.<br />

qarTula<strong>da</strong>c gamoCn<strong>da</strong> is Zveli moTxroba, oRond<br />

cota sxva saTauriT, `SemTxveva busnakadis xidze~. anu<br />

Wotiswylis <strong>da</strong> busnakadis. oul qreeq.<br />

axla imis moyola ar min<strong>da</strong>, ranairi mwerali iyo birsi,<br />

risa sjero<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ris ar sjero<strong>da</strong>. cxadia, rom bevris<br />

arafrisa sjero<strong>da</strong>. ise ki, gvarianad Znelia im dros<br />

wero, roca mark tveni, bret harti, stiven kreini, jek<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 69

esei<br />

londoni, o’henri <strong>da</strong> aseTebi weren <strong>da</strong> iseTi rameebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>tovo, rom ar gamorCeT <strong>da</strong> sul arsebobdes.<br />

axla rom Sexedo, rac amerikelebs omze uweriaT.<br />

igive heminguei, mTeli es <strong>da</strong>karguli Taobis ambebi,<br />

mTeli es vietnamis biWebi. ra vici, blomad uweriaT<br />

<strong>da</strong> birsi ki amaT yvelas sjobs. birss bevris arafrisa<br />

sjero<strong>da</strong>-meTqi <strong>da</strong> mgoni imitomac, rom Zalian axlos<br />

ico<strong>da</strong> omi. imgvarad axlos, rom mgoni arc erT mwerals<br />

ar scodnia.<br />

is, rom birsi mamaci <strong>da</strong> TavzexelaRebuli kaci iyo,<br />

sulac ar niSnavs, rom raime imedi hqon<strong>da</strong> omebisa, an<strong>da</strong><br />

moswon<strong>da</strong> omi. omSi siaruli misTvis mxolod saqme<br />

<strong>da</strong> honoraric ar iyo. es ubedureba iyo. raRacnairi,<br />

didi imedgacrueba, romelSic yovel jerze midio<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> TiTqos ico<strong>da</strong>, iq ra <strong>da</strong>xvdebo<strong>da</strong>. magram mainc midio<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom kidev erTxel <strong>da</strong>enaxa <strong>da</strong> kidev erTxel ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>ejerebina sikeTisa <strong>da</strong> imedisaTvis.<br />

me mgoni, ase iyo.<br />

kidev erTxel ar erwmuna <strong>da</strong> kidev erTxel <strong>da</strong>ewera.<br />

egeTi moTxroba aqvs, `aWedili fanjara~. romeli<br />

erTi.<br />

isic aris, rom birsma moulodneli <strong>da</strong>bruneba icis.<br />

ise uceb gagaxsendeba, mTlianad, rac wagikiTxavs<br />

misi, rom gikvirs. is raRacnaira<strong>da</strong>a Cabmuli uamrav<br />

Semdgomdroindel mweralTan <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT ki<br />

amerikelebTan.<br />

amerikaSi xom birsisgan <strong>da</strong> aseTi kacebisgan ganviTar<strong>da</strong><br />

uamravi Janri <strong>da</strong> Janruli mwerloba xom saerTod.<br />

dResac, ratom gamaxsen<strong>da</strong> birsi <strong>da</strong> Wotiswylis xidis<br />

ambavi? imitom rom wuxel jeims kramlis romans<br />

vkiTxulobdi.<br />

kramli axlaxan gar<strong>da</strong>icvala, Zveli texaseli kaci iyo,<br />

nafexburTelari, nasal<strong>da</strong>Tari, nacixari. <strong>da</strong>mlevi, oTxcolganaSvebi,<br />

weras aswavli<strong>da</strong> universitetSi, raoden<br />

sakvirvelic un<strong>da</strong> iyos. Tumca, sakvirveli arc un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos, aba vin un<strong>da</strong> aswavlos wera, Tu ara aseTma kacma?<br />

kramli deteqtivebs wer<strong>da</strong>. cota <strong>da</strong>wera deteqtivebis<br />

avtoris pirobaze.<br />

70 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

trumen kapote<br />

deteqtivebis mwerlebi xom bevrs weren, rac meti,<br />

miT meti fuli <strong>da</strong> ase Semdeg. mTeli sistemaa ase. magram<br />

kramlis bevri ar <strong>da</strong>uweria ormoc weliwadSi.<br />

Tanac, arcerTi misi deteqtivi bestseleri ar Seiqna<br />

<strong>da</strong> rogorc Cans TviTonac di<strong>da</strong>d ar naRvlob<strong>da</strong> amaze.<br />

ewerebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ase moswon<strong>da</strong> rogorc ewerebo<strong>da</strong>. hardboild<br />

rom hqvia, im JanrSi muSaob<strong>da</strong>, sxvanairad rom<br />

vTqvaT, ufro <strong>da</strong>undobel <strong>da</strong> sisxlian deteqtivSi,<br />

oRon<strong>da</strong>c deteqtivebad misi wignebi didi veraferiSvili<br />

rameebi iyo. sxvanairad rom iTqvas, deteqtivobisTvis<br />

mis romanebs aravin yidulob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> amitom deteqtivis<br />

mkiTxvelebs ar uyvar<strong>da</strong>T. uyvar<strong>da</strong>T ubralod<br />

mkiTxvelebs, imitom rom kramnis rom kiTxulob, erTi<br />

rom is gaocebs, rogor ar sjera, birsisa ar iyos, <strong>da</strong><br />

meorec _ Tu rogor wers. orive SemTxvevaSi raimond<br />

Cendlers amsgavseben, is iyo misi mamobilio, magram me<br />

birsisac bevri mgonia.<br />

mokled, me asec mgonia, rom hemingueis rom samocianebis<br />

bolos <strong>da</strong>ewyo wera, kramli iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, Tavis<br />

sasmels narkotikebsac <strong>da</strong>umateb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mTlad SiSvela<br />

vietnamis Semdgomi magari biWobis amara <strong>da</strong>rCebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

sastikad <strong>da</strong>marcxebuli, magram mainc cocxali <strong>da</strong> mebrZoli,<br />

raRacis matarebeli amoTxvrili landi.<br />

xolo birss rom droSi emogzaura, kramli aucileblad<br />

moiwoneb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> etyo<strong>da</strong>, maladec Seno, modi TiTo<br />

<strong>da</strong>vlioTo.<br />

kramli imgvari stilistia, rom rodesac mokv<strong>da</strong>, misi<br />

romanebi<strong>da</strong>n amokrefili wina<strong>da</strong>debebi misave nekrologebSi<br />

moxv<strong>da</strong>. nekrologebi am citatebT iwyebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong>. ai, amisTvis vkiTxulobT kramliso.<br />

simarTle rom iTqvas, pirvelad mis nekrologi wavikiTxe<br />

<strong>da</strong> amitomac <strong>da</strong>viwye misi wignebis Zebna. povna ar<br />

gamWirvebia.<br />

iq iyo erTi wina<strong>da</strong>deba, romliTac iwyeba misi romani,<br />

romlis Sesaxebac kramlim Tqva, am wina<strong>da</strong>debas rva<br />

weliwads vwerdio.<br />

axla namdvilad ver gadmovTargmni im wina<strong>da</strong>debas,<br />

dros marTla waiRebs <strong>da</strong> Tan misi es naTqvami pasux-<br />

JorJ simenoni

vin icis, sruliad axalgazr<strong>da</strong> egeb Tava<strong>da</strong>c idga iseT xidze, Tavis moTxrobaSi<br />

rom aRwera <strong>da</strong> Tokze Camokonwialebuli gvamebic mravlad enaxa <strong>da</strong> ifiqra<br />

mravali wlis Semdeg imaze, SeuZlia Tu ara kacs, rom iocnebos CamoxrCobis win?<br />

<strong>da</strong> ara mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc imaze, rom CamoxrCoba saSinelebaa. aris, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />

CamoxrCobas Jurnalisti aRwers. SeuZlia kacs ocneba CamoxrCobis win? ar vici.<br />

ismgeblobasac gmatebs. ise magari kaia wignis <strong>da</strong>sawyisad.<br />

ho<strong>da</strong>, birsic amitom gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

birss ara mxolod tragikuli ambis <strong>da</strong>undoblad<br />

moyola SeeZlo, aramed wina<strong>da</strong>debebsac Zalian moxdenilad<br />

awyob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

saerTod kidev, mgonia, rom didi mniSvneloba ara<br />

aqvs, rodis waikiTxav wigns. Tu sisqes erevi, sulac<br />

patara rom iyo <strong>da</strong> iq iseTi ambebi eweros patara biWs<br />

rom ar esmis, STabeWdileba mainc utyuaria. axla imas<br />

ki ar vambob, mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc markiz de sadis rameebs<br />

un<strong>da</strong> etakos-meTqi. an<strong>da</strong> sad iyo Cvens bavSvobaSi de<br />

sadis raRaceebi, an<strong>da</strong> romc yofiliyo, Taroebze vin<br />

<strong>da</strong>ilageb<strong>da</strong>. de sadi, me Tu mkiTxavT, weris gagebaSi ar<br />

iyo. masSi mTavari misi pozicia <strong>da</strong> samyaros aRqma iyo,<br />

Torem frangi iyo <strong>da</strong> egre werde, roca ukve arsebobs<br />

figaro, cota uxerxulia.<br />

raRac mgoni mived-movedebi. imas vambobdi, rom rac<br />

bavSvobisas wakiTxuli<strong>da</strong>n CagrCeba, Znelad rom tyuili<br />

iyos. saerTod, eg magari ucnaurobaa, Cemi megobari<br />

meubnebo<strong>da</strong>, patara viyav, roca `don kixots~ vkiTxulobdi<br />

<strong>da</strong> dialogebs vtovebdi, ambebi maintereseb<strong>da</strong>o.<br />

mec egre viyavi.<br />

ratomRac ase iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>, rom es `don kixoti~<br />

sabavSvoa, Tu ra iyo ar vici. raxan axirebul kacze iyo,<br />

Tu.. mokled, egre iyo. mere egec ari, rom bavSvs ambavi<br />

ainteresebs. gulubryvilobas ambavi ainteresebs. rac<br />

ufro mwvelia igi, miT metad <strong>da</strong>gamaxsovrdeba. saer-<br />

Tod ucnauri rameebi gamaxsovrdeba.<br />

ai, kidev gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, raxan birsze vlaparakobT. aris<br />

egeTi amerikeli mwerali, hari qrusi. kramlis ar iyos,<br />

samxreTeli <strong>da</strong> aseve naxiStar-nawvalebi, babuobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>suli<br />

biZis ieris kaci, ro ara tydebian xolme. ho<strong>da</strong>,<br />

imas aqvs Tavis wignSi, de<strong>da</strong>Cems <strong>da</strong>vurekeo, Cems sawyal<br />

de<strong>da</strong>so, oblobaSi ro gagvzar<strong>da</strong> me <strong>da</strong> Cemi Zmao,<br />

<strong>da</strong> veubnebi, _ dedi, romani gavyide, morCa, mwerali<br />

varo. pirveli romani cxovrebaSio. gaexar<strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>Cemso,<br />

kiTxulob<strong>da</strong> Cems nawvalebs xan<strong>da</strong>xano <strong>da</strong> miTxra<br />

eg romelio, Sen ro moigone, Tu Cveni cxovreba romaa<br />

Sig aRwerilio <strong>da</strong> me vuTxari, me ro movigoneo <strong>da</strong> Ca-<br />

Cum<strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>Cemio, karga xniT CaCum<strong>da</strong>o. ra iyo, dedi,<br />

rato CaCumdio. <strong>da</strong> vfiqrobo, albaT me cotaRa mesmis<br />

samyarosi, mogonil ambavSi fuli rogor ga<strong>da</strong>gixades,<br />

eg xom tyuiliao.<br />

esei<br />

de<strong>da</strong>CemisTviso, qrusi ambobs, Cemi xelnawerebi iyo<br />

pirveli romanebi romlebic waikiTxao.<br />

es gulubryviloba cxadia maSinac arsebobs, roca<br />

bavSvi xar <strong>da</strong> multfilmebsa <strong>da</strong> urfin jusis maRla<br />

mdgom rameebs miadgebi. oRon<strong>da</strong>c maSin ver xvdebi, ra<br />

aris mwerloba, mocemuloba gaqvs: wigni <strong>da</strong> Sig arc mTlad<br />

gasagebi ambavi. igeb Tu vera, eg ambavi grZnobebs<br />

aRZravs. ho<strong>da</strong>, swored es gamaxsovrdeba.<br />

birss imdeni hqon<strong>da</strong> nanaxi <strong>da</strong> imdeni reportaJi <strong>da</strong>ewera,<br />

rom aseTebs, Cveulebriv, cota dro rCebaT gamonagonisTvis.<br />

is, rac namdvilad ginaxavs <strong>da</strong> gangicdia,<br />

gamonagonSi rom ga<strong>da</strong>gaqvs, ise un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>itano, rom<br />

TviTonac gainteresebdes. Tu sruliad gansakuTrebul<br />

weris xerxebs ar flob, es ubralod ar gin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> morCa.<br />

isic, an gamova, an _ ara. <strong>da</strong>rCeba Jurnalistikad, rogorc<br />

Salamovis ga<strong>da</strong>sarevi moTxrobebi.<br />

birss Tavad moxvedro<strong>da</strong> tyvia <strong>da</strong> roca kacs tyvia<br />

moxvedria <strong>da</strong> tyviis moxvedraze wers, ise, rom iq Tavisas<br />

arafers tovebs, weris ostatobis gar<strong>da</strong>, es kargi<br />

moTxrobaa. SeuZlia mTeli Tavisi pir<strong>da</strong>pirobiT, Jurnalisturad<br />

<strong>da</strong>weros <strong>da</strong> misi naweri namdvilad kargi<br />

iqneba, magram raxanRa icis, rom arsebobs raRac, Jurnalistobaze<br />

Zlieri <strong>da</strong> maRali, rasac SeuZlia, rom es<br />

tyvia mTels samyarod aqcios <strong>da</strong> ara ubralod sulis-<br />

SemZvrel reportaJad, suli wasZlevs, rom mwerali<br />

gaxdes.<br />

birss es SeeZlo.<br />

is igoneb<strong>da</strong> Tavis moTxrobebs.<br />

vin icis, sruliad axalgazr<strong>da</strong> egeb Tava<strong>da</strong>c idga<br />

iseT xidze, Tavis moTxrobaSi rom aRwera <strong>da</strong> Tokze<br />

Camokonwialebuli gvamebic mravlad enaxa <strong>da</strong> ifiqra<br />

mravali wlis Semdeg imaze, SeuZlia Tu ara kacs, rom<br />

iocnebos CamoxrCobis win? <strong>da</strong> ara mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc imaze,<br />

rom CamoxrCoba saSinelebaa. aris, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />

CamoxrCobas Jurnalisti aRwers.<br />

SeuZlia kacs ocneba CamoxrCobis win? ar vici.<br />

man ukeT ico<strong>da</strong>.<br />

ho<strong>da</strong>, mec bavSvobi<strong>da</strong>n mjera misi gamonagonis. ramdeni<br />

xania mjera <strong>da</strong> arasdros <strong>da</strong>mviwynia birsi. mwerlobac<br />

eg aris albaT, roca wamkiTxvels ar aviwydebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> raRac ucnauri, Camouqneli, feradi sivrce<br />

amoutivtivdeba xolme TavSi Seni saxelis gaxsenebaze.<br />

ambroz birsi. kai magari iyo im Txel wignakSi.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 71

Targmani<br />

ringze<br />

meoce saukunis pirispir<br />

norman meileris werilebi<br />

inglisuri<strong>da</strong>n Targmna irma taveliZem<br />

meore msoflio omSi monawileobis periodi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebuli,<br />

norman meileri Tavis mimoweraSi mudmivad aqtualur<br />

politikur Temebs exebo<strong>da</strong> _ gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebamde<br />

cota xniT adrec ki.<br />

bietris meilers<br />

8 agvisto, 1945<br />

Cemo patarav,<br />

atomuri bombis Seqmnas aq ufro didi gamoxmaureba<br />

mohyva, vidre germaniis mxri<strong>da</strong>n kapitulaciis gamocxadebas.<br />

prezident ruzveltis sikvdilmac aseTive<br />

miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia. Zalian <strong>da</strong>bneuli var (amas rom<br />

72 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

vwer, mxolod oficialuri gancxadeba maqvs wakiTxuli.<br />

ar vici, es rogor mox<strong>da</strong>). axla vxvdebi, ramxela zegavlenas<br />

axdens a<strong>da</strong>mianis azrovnebaze misive egoizmi. Cemi<br />

keTili `me~ yvelafers miesalmeba, rac omis periods<br />

Seamoklebs <strong>da</strong> Sin male <strong>da</strong>mabrunebs. ai, es ki xSirad<br />

upirispirdeba ufro Zvel, ufro mniSvnelovan principebs.<br />

magaliTad, imedi maqvs, rom axalwveulebiT jaris<br />

Sevseba ukve ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> Tu ase ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra, ma-<br />

Sin neli, mtanjveli demobilizaciis procesi gvelis.<br />

swored am azriT vamarTleb im instruments, romelsac,<br />

Sesabamis pirobebSi, wamierad SeuZlia uamravi a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

mospoba.

sinamdvileSi ki ra Semzaravi perspeqtivaa! sul imas<br />

vambobdiT, rom kacobrioba TviTganadgurebis gzas adgas.<br />

ho<strong>da</strong>, axla es yvelaferi ise axlos Cans, mxolod<br />

aTwleulebisa <strong>da</strong> ramdenime bombis ambavia. atomuri<br />

afeTqeba teqnikis saboloo gamarjvebas moaswavebs.<br />

roca fizikas vswavlobdi, im dros mxolod uwyinari<br />

gamoTvlebi tardebo<strong>da</strong>, es TiTqmis ganuxorcielebel<br />

<strong>da</strong> mainc Tavzar<strong>da</strong>mcem ideas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>: muxudos<br />

marcvlisodena masis atomuri energia xom savsebiT sakmarisia,<br />

raTa lokomotivma zRaprulad bevrjer ga<strong>da</strong>seros<br />

mTeli de<strong>da</strong>miwa.<br />

vfiqrob, Cveni epoqa samu<strong>da</strong>mod <strong>da</strong>asamarebs iseT cnebebs,<br />

rogoricaa a<strong>da</strong>mianis neba <strong>da</strong> masebis Zalaufleba.<br />

msoflio ramdenime politikosisa <strong>da</strong> meqanikosis xelSi<br />

aRmoCndeba _ Spengleriseuli gviandeli <strong>da</strong>savleTevropul-amerikuli<br />

civilizaciis warmomadgenlebis<br />

xelSi. me ki, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom mraval saazrovno<br />

impulss maZlevs, Spenglerianeli mainc ara var. Tu ar-<br />

Cevanis winaSe <strong>da</strong>vdgebi: is gavakeTo, rac aucilebelia,<br />

an TiTic ar gavanZrio, TiTsac ar gavanZrev, Tuki is,<br />

rac aucilebelia, gulis amrevi aRmoCndeba.<br />

marTlac saSineli perspeqtivaa, Zvirfaso. kidev<br />

erTi omi gvelis oc weliwadSi Tu ara, ormoc<strong>da</strong>aT<br />

weliwadSi mainc, <strong>da</strong> Tu naxevari msoflio ga<strong>da</strong>rCeba,<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, momdevno omis dros, usafrTxoebis<br />

mizniT, momavlis didi qalaqebi miwisqveS iqneba<br />

aSenebuli. a<strong>da</strong>miani cxoveliviT iq aRar icxovrebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

<strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> _ mwerebi mas aRar Seawuxeben <strong>da</strong> is, vinc<br />

samoTxes antarqtikis mkvlevariviT eZeb<strong>da</strong>, jojoxeTs<br />

aTasobiT futiT miuaxlovdeba...<br />

aq siyvarulis adgili aRar aris, me ki axla iseTi<br />

gulmokluli var. rac ufro mets vfiqrob am yvelaferze,<br />

ufro Semzaravad meCveneba. aba, romeli Senadnobi<br />

Seedreba meqanikisa <strong>da</strong> sentimentalurobis nazavs.<br />

rogor min<strong>da</strong>, amaRam mklavebSi mogiqcio.<br />

miyvarxar,<br />

normani<br />

feni <strong>da</strong> aizek meilerebs, en <strong>da</strong> deivid<br />

keslerebs<br />

4 seqtemberi, 1945<br />

Zvirfaso de<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mama, dei<strong>da</strong> nen <strong>da</strong> biZia deiv,<br />

...rogorc radios diqtorma mauwya, istoriul movlenas<br />

Sevswrebivar. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT erTi mili gvaSoreb<strong>da</strong><br />

xomald `misuris~, roca iq iaponiis kapitulaciis aqts<br />

moaweres xeli. mesiamovna, radioSi es ambavi rom gadmosces,<br />

me ki am xomalds iluminatori<strong>da</strong>n vxe<strong>da</strong>vdi.<br />

mimomxilvelma Tqva: „xatovnad Tu vityviT, tokios<br />

yuris Tavze mze amobrwyin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> naTeli mohfina aremares:<br />

kapitulaciis aqts xeli ukve moewera <strong>da</strong> mSvidobam<br />

sabolood <strong>da</strong>isadgura~. SeiZleba Tvali ise kargad<br />

ver miWris, rogorc am kacs, magram im dRes ca iseTive<br />

Rrubliani Can<strong>da</strong>, rogorc yovelTvis...<br />

Targmani<br />

miyvarxarT, Zvirfasebo,<br />

normani<br />

P.S. axla 145 funts viwoni, rogorc adre. ase rom, ar<br />

i<strong>da</strong>rdoT Cems janmrTelobaze.<br />

bietris meilers<br />

13 Tebervali, 1946<br />

gamarjoba, Cemo Steruka,<br />

amas winaT vcdilobdi, Cemi mrwamsis umTavres principebSi<br />

gavrkveuliyavi _ politikur mrwamss vgulisxmob.<br />

Tumca, sinamdvileSi, mxolod im politikur kredos<br />

vTxzavdi, romelsac im SemTxvevaSi vuerTgulebdi,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis progresulad ganviTarebis rom mjerodes.<br />

pirvel rigSi, sruliad cxadi mgonia, rom marqsistuli<br />

mTavroba erTaderTi Rirseuli mTavroba iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

magram _ marTlac Zneli warmosadgenia, es rogor un<strong>da</strong><br />

moxdes _ man a<strong>da</strong>miani ki ar un<strong>da</strong> marTos, aramed saxelmwifo.<br />

politikosi rom viyo, erTaderT rames gavakeTebdi<br />

_ axal komunistur partias Sevqmnidi, romelsac ruseTTan<br />

saerTo araferi eqnebo<strong>da</strong>. ruseTi mZuls (misi<br />

mTavroba <strong>da</strong> ara xalxi). am qveyniT Sens aRfrTovanebas<br />

ver gaviziareb. Tu <strong>da</strong>vuSvebT, rom misi agresiuloba<br />

<strong>da</strong> TviTorganizeba msoflio zewolam ganapiroba, im<br />

faqts versad gaveqceviT, rom is axla pirovnebis Tavisuflebas<br />

axSobs <strong>da</strong> totalitarizmis gzas adgas, sai<strong>da</strong>nac<br />

ukan veRar <strong>da</strong>brundeba. Cemi axali komunisturi<br />

partia nakleb mniSvnelobas mianiWeb<strong>da</strong> ekonomikasa <strong>da</strong><br />

politikas, radgan a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulis mxolod erT nawils<br />

ver <strong>da</strong>eyrdnobi, roca cxovrebis sxvagvari wesis <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba<br />

gsurs. am partiis yuradRebis centrSi moeqceo<strong>da</strong><br />

swored a<strong>da</strong>mianis pirovnuli zr<strong>da</strong>, rac yvelaze mTavaria.<br />

gaixsene Cemi mebrZoli qristiani komunistebi _ esec<br />

msgavsi ideaa. eTikas ekonomikaze ver <strong>da</strong>afuZneb, ufro<br />

gonivruli iqneba, Tu mas, vTqvaT, seqsTan mimarTebaSi<br />

ganaviTareb. amgvari komunisturi mTavroba mxolod<br />

<strong>da</strong>mxmare ram iqneba, im drois erTgvari bunebrivi warmonaqmni,<br />

roca namdvilad <strong>da</strong>afaseben Tanasworobas, zomierebas,<br />

Rirsebasa <strong>da</strong> SemoqmedebiT midgomas. Cemi azriT,<br />

amis saukeTeso magaliTs kvakerebi warmoadgenen.<br />

gasagebia, maT kargi xelmZRvanelebi hyavT, magram esec<br />

xom maTi mrwamsis bunebrivi, samarTlianad moweuli<br />

politikuri nayofia...<br />

rac <strong>da</strong>vwere, sruli absurdia, miamituri absurdi.<br />

ar mjera amis, radgan saerTod arafris mjera. Tumca,<br />

raimesi rom mjerodes, swored am principebs <strong>da</strong>vicavdi.<br />

aba, ras ityvi, patarav?...<br />

Zalian miyvarxar, Steruka,<br />

normani<br />

Jan malakes<br />

13 oqtomberi, 1956<br />

Zvirfaso Jan,<br />

...radikalad yofna ucnauri ram aris _ wlebi gadis<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 73

Targmani<br />

<strong>da</strong> ai, dgeba dro, roca <strong>da</strong>winaurebuli Tanamoazreebi<br />

aRar girekaven. vfiqrob, megobris yola didi fufunebaa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tu megobrebi Sen mimarT mometebul yuradRebas<br />

ar iCenen _ ara, arc erTi Tanamoazre Cem mimarT mometebul<br />

yuradRebas ar iCens _ maTi orbiti<strong>da</strong>n Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan<br />

gadixar. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, niu-iorkic yelSi amomivi<strong>da</strong>, es<br />

saSineli qalaqi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gaafTrebuli konkurencia mZvinvarebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> yvelgan sisastikes, sicives, nervebis<br />

wyvetas awydebi. ho, albaT asakSi Sevdivar. amas winaT<br />

koneqtikutis erT-erT sofelSi megobrebs vestumreT<br />

<strong>da</strong> saxli vnaxeT, romelic Zalian mogvewona. axla<br />

swored mas vyidulobT...<br />

ori kviris win ki _ is dro iyo, saxlis yidva rom<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>vwyviteT <strong>da</strong> qalaqSi <strong>da</strong>vbrundiT _ ZaRlebi gavaseirne<br />

(ori didi franguli pudeli) gvian RamiT, SabaTs,<br />

ara, ukve kviras _ saaTis isrebi 12-s ga<strong>da</strong>scdeno<strong>da</strong>.<br />

erT adgilas ZaRlebi gaCerdnen <strong>da</strong> raRacis qeqva<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyes. iqve, saxlTan sami moxuligno tipi <strong>da</strong>exetebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

erTma uxamsad gaixumra, meorem gaicina. mec ra-<br />

Racam momiara <strong>da</strong> im moxuligno tips vkiTxe, _ ra TqvimeTqi?<br />

Semagina, valSi arc me <strong>da</strong>vrCi <strong>da</strong> aty<strong>da</strong> erTi<br />

ambavi. miTxra, _ aba, <strong>da</strong>axvieo. SemeSin<strong>da</strong>, magram fexi<br />

74 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

ar movicvale. yvelaferi xelCarTuli CxubiT <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong>.<br />

am CxubSi aucileblad gavimarjvebdi, radgan, <strong>da</strong>mijere,<br />

im tipze gacilebiT Zlieri viyavi. maRali iyo,<br />

magram Cemze gamx<strong>da</strong>ri. ase, 21 wlis iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. rogorc<br />

vTqvi, aucileblad gavimarjvebdi, miwaze goraobisas<br />

CemTvis TvalebSi TiTebi rom ar etakebina, rac marTlac<br />

profesionalurad gamouvi<strong>da</strong>. xeli gavuSvi, mere<br />

cota isev vibRlarZuneT, miwaze vigoraveT, bolos ki<br />

isev TvalebSi mataka TiTebi. am dros saxli<strong>da</strong>n biWebis<br />

jgufi gamovi<strong>da</strong> _ mTeli ban<strong>da</strong> (Cven trotuarze vCxubobdiT).<br />

viRac aylayu<strong>da</strong> mxecma saxeSi mxia <strong>da</strong> mkiTxa:<br />

`es gindo<strong>da</strong>, ara?~<br />

ho, es mindo<strong>da</strong>. TiTqmis veRarafers vxe<strong>da</strong>vdi, Tvalebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

sisxli momdio<strong>da</strong>, Zval-rbili gaerTianebuli<br />

mqon<strong>da</strong>. im biWs Tavi <strong>da</strong>vuqnie <strong>da</strong> ramdenjerme Cavibutbute:<br />

`ai, es mindo<strong>da</strong>, es mindo<strong>da</strong>, es mindo<strong>da</strong>~. mere<br />

meores, romelsac mTeli Cxubis manZilze ZaRlebis<br />

sayelurebi <strong>da</strong>mcinavad eWira, isini gamovarTvi <strong>da</strong> Sinisken<br />

wavbancaldi. araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri sisastikis ambavi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom ara imave bandis ori Savkaniani wevri, romelic<br />

maSinve amedevna. quCis kuTxeSi isini <strong>da</strong>mewivnen<br />

kidec. im dros yvelaferi fexebze meki<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> arafris<br />

meSino<strong>da</strong>. ubralod, vfiqrobdi, Tu fexqveS gamigdeben,<br />

SeiZleba suli aRar SemrCes-meTqi. albaT asec<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, magram mTavari is iyo, rom erTma Savkanianma<br />

miTxra: `usamarTlod mogdes, Zmao~. misi sityvebi<br />

raRacnairad mamxneveb<strong>da</strong>, roca momdevno dReebSi am<br />

yvelaferze vfiqrobdi.<br />

es ambavi mZime SedegiT <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>. ramdenime dRis<br />

manZilze marcxena Tvali mtkio<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mxedvelobis<br />

aris SuagulSi laqas vxe<strong>da</strong>vdi. TiTqmis mTeli kvira<br />

bnel oTaxSi gavatare. Tvali axlac mawuxebs. mis mo-<br />

SuSebas erTi Tve mainc <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba. ra bednieri var,<br />

rom saxli manamde viyide, vidre es ambavi moxdebo<strong>da</strong>;<br />

Torem, yovelTvis vifiqrebdi, rom niu-iorki<strong>da</strong>n panikaSi<br />

myofi gaviqeci...<br />

Zveli mebrZolisgan meore mebrZols siyvaruliT,<br />

normani<br />

Jan malakes<br />

30 dekemberi, 1957<br />

Zvirfaso Jan,<br />

...axla parizi ise Sors meCveneba. erTxans sofelSi<br />

vicxovreT, mere mogvbezr<strong>da</strong>, yelSi amogvivi<strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />

miwaTmflobelebis autaneli, winaaRmdegobebiT<br />

savse cxovreba (sxvaTa Soris, iseTi mdidrebi aRar<br />

varT _ `sputnikis~ kosmosSi gaSvebam Cems kapital<strong>da</strong>bandebebs<br />

de<strong>da</strong> utira). ho<strong>da</strong>, niu-iorkSi vbrundebiT.<br />

bolo dros depresiaSi Cavvardi. wlebi gavi<strong>da</strong><br />

mas Semdeg, roca nebismier wamowyebas warmatebiT<br />

vasrulebdi (ramdenime gamonaklisis gar<strong>da</strong>), axla ki<br />

swored is <strong>da</strong>memarTa, rac Sen ori wlis win ga<strong>da</strong>itane<br />

_ amas neba-survilis kraxs <strong>da</strong>varqmevdi. rogorc Cans,

niWze ufro didi ambicia maqvs, meryevi xasiaTis gamo<br />

ki, cxovrebaSi naTel periodebs ar un<strong>da</strong> velode. im<br />

uzarmazar romanze vfiqrob, romlis werac <strong>da</strong>viwye <strong>da</strong><br />

romlis <strong>da</strong>srulebasac albaT aTi weli mainc <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba.<br />

Tu Canafiqris ganxorcieleba SevZeli, misi gamocema<br />

SeuZlebeli iqneba _ mxolod frangul uxarisxo,<br />

mwvaneydian gamocemebs Soris Tu moxvdeba. me ki ukve<br />

Suaxnis kaci viqnebi, roca am wigns <strong>da</strong>vasruleb. ici,<br />

ise aRar mjera sakuTari Tavis, rogorc _ adre <strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

yvelaze uaresia, es yvelaferi sulac ar mgonia Zalian<br />

mniSvnelovani. <strong>da</strong>marcxebulebis mimarTac gacilebiT<br />

Semwynarebeli gavxdi. is xalxi, vinc ramdenime wlis<br />

win mZul<strong>da</strong>, axla asatani meCveneba. vfiqrob, warsul-<br />

Si araerTi iRbliani SemTxveva xeli<strong>da</strong>n gavuSvi, ho<strong>da</strong>,<br />

isinic ar un<strong>da</strong> ganvsajo. aseTi gancdebi bunebrivad<br />

ereva mTel sulsa <strong>da</strong> guls. muSaobis survili miqreba<br />

<strong>da</strong> mere depresiaSi vvardebi imis gamo, rom ar vmuSaob,<br />

rac samuSaosTan mibrunebas kidev ufro mirTulebs,<br />

sabolood ki es yvelaferi gulze mZime lo<strong>da</strong>d mawveba.<br />

xSirad maxsendeba omis Semdgomi ubadruki wlebi, romlebmac<br />

bolo mouRo Cems yvela nacnobs: maTi amboxi<br />

mianavla, maTi sifrTxile silaCred aqcia, xolo maTi<br />

uwyinari mzakvroba _ did siZulvilad. yvelaze cudi<br />

ki is aris, rom axla imasRa vfiqrob, albaT a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

SesaZleblobebis zedmetad gvjero<strong>da</strong>-meTqi. rasakvirvelia,<br />

aseTi fiqrebis fonze, cxovreba uferuli <strong>da</strong><br />

mosawyeni xdeba. mapatie amxela tira<strong>da</strong>. Sen Seni depresia<br />

gaqvs, me _ Cemi (mec isev Zalian bevrs vewevi)...<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, es nebismieri xelovanis tkivilia _<br />

mravali Cvengani xom geniosi gaxdebo<strong>da</strong>, yvelaferi<br />

rom sworad warmarTuliyo. sxvebze metad gamimarTla,<br />

magram, Cemo kargo Jan, yvelaferi ise xel<strong>da</strong>xel mivaniave,<br />

imedgacruebac ki ar ganmicdia. ho, marTlac sabralo<br />

rus emigrantebs vgavarT. mapatie, ase rom gewuwune,<br />

magram Zvel, erTgul megobarTan wuwuni jobs,<br />

romelime wveulebaze mTvrali ucnobis saeWvo gulmowyalebis<br />

ime<strong>da</strong>d yofnas.<br />

(sxvaTa Soris, erTi Tvis win am egoistma geniosma<br />

bodleris dRiurebi waikiTxa (inglisurad). vfiqrobdi,<br />

ai, zustad Cemnairi kaci-meTqi)...<br />

mokiTxva gelis,<br />

normani<br />

Jan malakes<br />

29 aprili, 1960<br />

Zvirfaso Jan,<br />

...ici, ratom SevuerTdi kubis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWer komitets<br />

Zveli leninuri principiT? amisken Jurnalma `taimma~<br />

mibiZga. vifiqre, Tu isini kastros upirispirdebian, me<br />

mxars <strong>da</strong>vuWer-meTqi. SesaZloa, antistalinizmi politikuri<br />

pozicia ar iyos, magram antiliuisizmi (henri<br />

liuisi (1898-1967) _ gavleniani amerikeli gamomcemeli)<br />

namdvilad aris. a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavad faqtebis <strong>da</strong>dgenas ver<br />

Targmani<br />

axerxebs, Tumca imas ki xvdeba, romel Zalebs surT,<br />

rom mas am faqtebis sjerodes. wesad SemoviRe, yoveldRiuri<br />

politikuri oromtrialis wyaro swored Zvel,<br />

sayvarel Jurnal `taimSi~ veZebo...<br />

aq didi Teatraluri movlenaa Jan Jenes `aivanis~<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgma, romelic brodveis gareT, Teatr `seql in zi<br />

sqveaSi~ ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. me ki speqtakli sulac ar momewona.<br />

piesa sulelurad <strong>da</strong>uCexavT, atmosferoc mZime<br />

<strong>da</strong> sulisSemxuTveli <strong>da</strong>mxv<strong>da</strong>. Cemi azriT, es nawilobriv<br />

Jenes bralicaa. guli mereva mTel mis brwyinvalebaze.<br />

mokiTxva edelisgan,<br />

normani<br />

eiiti iamanisis<br />

23 oqtomberi, 1961<br />

Zvirfaso eiiti,<br />

...trockisTan yovelTvis didi siaxlove makavSireb<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> is, rom sakuTar Tavs trockists veRar vuwodeb,<br />

ar niSnavs, TiTqos misiT aRfrTovaneba gaminel<strong>da</strong>. aq,<br />

amerikaSi sirTules is qmnis, rom revoluciuri marqsizmis<br />

tradiciuli formebi ver ergeba amerikuli<br />

sazogadoebis Tavisebur, mravalsaxovan struqturas.<br />

ara, imas ar vgulisxmob, TiTqos marqsizmi gamosadegi<br />

aRar iyos. Tumca, azrovnebis amgvarma wesma isev rom<br />

aRafrTovanos axalgazrdebis saukeTeso nawili, is sxva<br />

geniosma un<strong>da</strong> ganavrcos, romelic amerikuli fenomenis<br />

sirTules Caswvdeba. vfiqrob, `TeTri zangis~ bolo<br />

abzacSi swored erT-erT SesaZlo mimarTulebaze mivaniSne.<br />

iciT, eiiti, problema is aris, rom amerikaSi mSromelTa<br />

klass saerTod ar aqvs revoluciuri Segneba.<br />

am qveyanaSi nebismier amboxs is xalxi ki ar awyobs, vis<br />

mxrebzec ekonomika dgas, aramed im axalgazrdebis sul<br />

ufro mzardi raodenoba, romlebic sruliad gaucxoebulebi<br />

arian sakuTari qveynisgan <strong>da</strong> misi istoriisgan.<br />

SesaZlebelia, momdevno aT welSi am yvelaferma raRac<br />

nayofi gamoiRos _ meamboxeebis suliskveTeba xom namdvilia!<br />

axla arc erTi Cvengani ar aris im inteleqtualur<br />

simaRleze, rac problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris axali,<br />

radikalurad gansxvavebuli gzis moZebnas sWirdeba.<br />

amerikaSi yvelaze cudi is ki araa, rom <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Rirebulebis<br />

saxiT bevrs gvZalaven, aramed Cveni sulieri<br />

gamofituloba <strong>da</strong> is, rom namdvili zrdis SesaZlebloba<br />

ar gveZleva. ai, es u<strong>da</strong>vod kapitalizmis umaRlesi stadiaa.<br />

iciT, amgvar situaciaSi azrs kargavs sakuTari Tavis<br />

trockistad moazreba. aseTive warmatebiT SeiZleba<br />

Tavs burboni an batko maxnos mimdevari uwodoT. <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />

var, trocki rom cocxali yofiliyo <strong>da</strong> am<br />

qveyanaSi ecxovra, trockistobas ar moindomeb<strong>da</strong>...<br />

gulTbili mokiTxviT,<br />

normani<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 99<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 75

saavtoro<br />

lismanisi<br />

avtori: levan berZeniSvili<br />

ilustracia: mariam zal<strong>da</strong>staniSvili<br />

politikur zonas, iseve rogorc<br />

nebismier sxva sabWoTa zonas, Tavisi<br />

aristokratia hyav<strong>da</strong>: mzareuli,<br />

mekuWnave, biblioTekari, cecxlfareSi,<br />

meabanoe, parikmaxeri, barakis<br />

morige, kinomeqanikosi, kurieri<br />

<strong>da</strong> a.S. amaze werdnen solJenicini,<br />

ginzburgi, Salamovi <strong>da</strong> sxva avto-<br />

76 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

rebi, romlebic saswaulebrivad ga<strong>da</strong>urCnen<br />

gulags. Tuki Zvel droSi,<br />

breJnevis epoqamde, rodesac gulagis<br />

naxevarze met mosaxleobas 58-e<br />

muxliT gasamarTlebulebi Seadgendnen,<br />

am aristokratiul Tanamdebobaze<br />

mxolod Cveulebrivi kriminalebi,<br />

marqsistul-leninisturi<br />

Teoriis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli<br />

termini rom vixmaroT, e.w. „socialurad<br />

axloblebi“ (социально<br />

близкие _ mkvlelebi, qurdebi, mZarcvelebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> a.S.) xvdebodnen, axal<br />

droSi, rodesac msoflio zewoliT<br />

politikuri patimrebi sanaxevrod<br />

aRiares <strong>da</strong> maT calke banakebi gau-

xsnes (sul 4 mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi,<br />

3 permSi <strong>da</strong> erTic mordoveTSi, saxelganTqmuli<br />

„dubrovlagi“), axal<br />

aristokratias jaSuSebi, samxedro<br />

<strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebi <strong>da</strong> samSoblos moRalateebi<br />

Seadgendnen; sxva sityvebiT<br />

rom vTqvaT, Tu sisxlis samarTlis<br />

kodeqsis Zveli, 58-e muxlis memkvi-<br />

dre axali 70-e (saqarTvelos ssr 71e)<br />

muxliT iyavi gasamarTlebuli,<br />

parikmaxeroba an biblioTekaroba<br />

ar SegeZlo, Tun<strong>da</strong>c manamde ssrk-s<br />

saukeTeso parikmaxeri an didi biblioTekis<br />

direqtori yofiliyavi.<br />

bunebrivia, baraSevoSic gvyavdnen<br />

„aristokratebi“ (Zvel droSi<br />

maT upativcemulod, „pridurkebad“<br />

moixseniebdnen <strong>da</strong> Jora xomizuri<br />

axal droSic mxolod am terminiT<br />

aRiareb<strong>da</strong> maT statuss): biblio-<br />

Tekari andersoni, mzareulebi maqsimoviCi<br />

<strong>da</strong> petrov ufrosi, parikmaxeri<br />

kuxaruki, cecxlfareSebi<br />

saari <strong>da</strong> muzikiaviCusi, meabanoe <strong>da</strong><br />

kinomeqanikosi (SeTavsebiT) lismanisi,<br />

mekuWnave leikusi, barakis morige<br />

krainiki <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />

latviel nacionalistsa <strong>da</strong> social-demokrats,<br />

1980 wlis noemberSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebul <strong>da</strong>inis lismaniss<br />

latviis uzenaesi sasamarTlos<br />

<strong>da</strong>xurul sesiaze 12 weli hqon<strong>da</strong><br />

misjili „samSoblos“ (anu sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris) RalatisTvis. im qveynis<br />

RalatisTvis, romelSic igi ar <strong>da</strong>badebula,<br />

romelic okupantad <strong>da</strong><br />

moZaladed miaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romlis winaaRmdegac<br />

iaraRiT xelSi brZola<br />

arc ufiqria, ubralod, latviis<br />

okupaciis Semdeg iatakqveSeTSi ga<strong>da</strong>suli<br />

im social-demokratiuli<br />

partiis wevri iyo, romlis saTavo<br />

ofisi germaniis federaciul respublikaSi<br />

iyo ganTavsebuli.<br />

<strong>da</strong>inis lismanisi sakmaod pikantur<br />

garemoebebSi gavicani. zonaSi CasvlisTanave<br />

me <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tos ori sasixarulo<br />

ambavi <strong>da</strong>gvaxvedres, sadili<br />

<strong>da</strong> abano. sadils pirveli movrCi <strong>da</strong><br />

abanoSi gamagzavnes. zonuri „abano“<br />

saintereso <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>:<br />

xangrZlivi etapis Semdeg „Tavisufali“<br />

saponi rom <strong>da</strong>vinaxe <strong>da</strong><br />

gaxarebulma (higiena Tavisuflebis<br />

ganuyofeli nawilia, abanoSi ar „zixar“<br />

anu Tavs patimrad ar grZnob)<br />

kargad gavisapne Tavi, aRmovaCine,<br />

rom onkanSi wyali aRar modio<strong>da</strong>.<br />

abanoSi aravin iyo, rom <strong>da</strong>mxmarebo<strong>da</strong><br />

Cveulebriv abano mxolod SabaTobiT<br />

iyo, xolo Cven xuTSabaTs<br />

saavtoro<br />

CavediT, sicxe iyo <strong>da</strong> cxeli wyali<br />

arc gvWirdebo<strong>da</strong>, magram wyali zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />

gWirdeba, Tu abanoSi tanis<br />

<strong>da</strong>banas apireb. ra gza mqon<strong>da</strong>, ra-<br />

Rac naWeri Semovixvie welze <strong>da</strong> gareT<br />

gamovedi Svelis saTxovnelad.<br />

pirvelive kaci gavaCere <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmareba<br />

vTxove. manac amixsna, rom onkan-<br />

Si wyali ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos (diax!), rom<br />

wyali aris wina oTaxSi, e.w. „predbannikSi“<br />

did kasrSi <strong>da</strong>grovili <strong>da</strong><br />

iqi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> movimarago taStSi <strong>da</strong><br />

mere momcro vedrosxela xisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli<br />

wylis saxapaviT, romelsac<br />

hqvia „Saika“, erTi xeliT un<strong>da</strong><br />

visxa Tavze <strong>da</strong> meoreTi sxva operaciebi<br />

ganvaxorcielo. mainca<strong>da</strong>mainc<br />

mosaxerxebeli ar iyo, magram<br />

saocnebo sisufTavis SegrZneba yvelafers<br />

aRematebo<strong>da</strong>. kaci, romelmac<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmareba gamiwia <strong>da</strong> abanoze Zalian<br />

sasacilo anekdotis moyolac<br />

moaswro SesamCnevi latviuri aqcentiT,<br />

xmovnebis <strong>da</strong>grZelebiT <strong>da</strong> xan<br />

pirvel <strong>da</strong> xan meore moraze (grZeli<br />

marcvlis mokle nawilze) mkveTri<br />

dinamikuri maxvilis <strong>da</strong>smiT, sanam<br />

me did kasrsa <strong>da</strong> wyals veZebdi, iyo<br />

<strong>da</strong>inis lismanisi, samSoblos moRalate,<br />

social-demokrati, meabanoe,<br />

kinomeqanikosi, Crdilouri tipi,<br />

WeSmariti arieli <strong>da</strong> SesaniSnavi<br />

meojaxe _ тип нордический, истинный<br />

ариец и отличный семянин, rogorc<br />

TviTon amateb<strong>da</strong> xolme Tavis <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebas<br />

saxelganTqmuli sabWo-<br />

Ta Cekisti mwerlis, misive wignis<br />

mixedviT reJisor lioznovas mier<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli yvelaze popularuli<br />

sabWoTa serialis, „gazafxulis 17<br />

gaelvebis“ scenaris avtoris, iulian<br />

semionovis mTxrobeliviT, rodesac<br />

am ukanasknelis saxeliT gestapoeli<br />

<strong>da</strong> abvereli personaJebis<br />

portretiani formularis fonze<br />

SesaniSnavi tembris mqone sabWoTa<br />

msaxiobi efim kopeliani mokle anketas<br />

kiTxulob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

<strong>da</strong>inis lismanisi mudmivad karg<br />

xasiaTze iyo. aravin icis, rogor<br />

axerxeb<strong>da</strong> amas politikur banakSi,<br />

magram faqtia, rom axerxeb<strong>da</strong>: mo-<br />

RuSuli <strong>da</strong> uxasiaTo aravis unaxavs.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 77

saavtoro<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> imisa, rom TviTon iyo karg<br />

guneba-ganwyobaze, Tavis irgvlivac<br />

aseT msubuq <strong>da</strong> mxiarul garemos qmni<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Joras miaCn<strong>da</strong>, rom es mxolod<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleli a<strong>da</strong>mianis „sagareo ieri“<br />

iyo, rafika Tvli<strong>da</strong>, rom ze<strong>da</strong>piruli<br />

kaci iyo (xumrobiT meubnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

ase xazgasmiT evropuli garegnoba<br />

rom ar hqondes, eWvi Semeparebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

lismaniSvili, lismaniZe an lismanauri<br />

xom ar ariso), jonis „Wkuamxiarulad“<br />

miaCn<strong>da</strong>, genrixa „umisamarTod<br />

bedniers“ uwodeb<strong>da</strong>, boria<br />

maniloviCi yvela baltieliviT „bunebriv“<br />

<strong>da</strong> msubuq antisemitad saxav<strong>da</strong>,<br />

xolo mis srul antipods, gaucinar<br />

miSa poliakovs mravalgzis<br />

uTqvams, <strong>da</strong>inisTan „bolomde“ <strong>da</strong>leva<br />

saintereso iqnebo<strong>da</strong>o, iankovi<br />

rogorc demokratiisTvis saerTosakavSiro<br />

brZolis uarmyofels<br />

eWvis TvaliT uyureb<strong>da</strong>, Tumca<br />

„faustze“ saubars masTan ar gaurbo<strong>da</strong><br />

(goeTe lismanisis RmerTi iyo,<br />

germanuli, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, wyaliviT<br />

ico<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> karga mozrdil citatebs<br />

„urtyam<strong>da</strong>“ „fausti<strong>da</strong>n“; xumrob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

_ goeTe mama-RmerTia, Sileri su-<br />

liwmin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tomas mani Zeo). ukrainelebi<br />

gaurbodnen lismaniss, misi<br />

mudmivi Rimili <strong>da</strong>mcinavad eCvenebo<strong>da</strong>T<br />

<strong>da</strong> rusebisadmi <strong>da</strong>ufarav zizRSi<br />

antislavur gamoxtomas xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen<br />

(maTi saerTo azriT, rusebis<br />

anu „moskalebis“ zizRi marto kievis<br />

ruseTis erTaderTi kanonieri<br />

STamomavlebis, WeSmariti ukrainelebis<br />

saqme iyo).<br />

Cveni zonis ebraelebisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT, romlebic SabaTobiT<br />

yvela tipis saqmianobas gaurbodnen<br />

_ griSa feldmani, magaliTad, pirSi<br />

wekos TviTnakeTi sigaretiT (kviris<br />

wina dReebSi SabaTis marags imzadeb<strong>da</strong>)<br />

<strong>da</strong> asanTiT xelSi wamogeweo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

gTxov, momikideo _ <strong>da</strong>inisis zeobis<br />

dRe swored SabaTs dgebo<strong>da</strong>. SabaTs<br />

misi ormagi batonoba myardebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Tavisuflebis or kunZulze _ abanosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> klub-sasadiloSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

igi „axali“ filmis demonstrirebas<br />

axden<strong>da</strong> (zonaSi Semotanili filmi<br />

sinamdvileSi TiTqmis arasodes<br />

iyo axali, filmi Cvens politikur<br />

gamosworebasa <strong>da</strong> aRzr<strong>da</strong>s emsaxurebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

amitom ideurad iyo gamar-<br />

ЖХ 385/3-5-is klub-sasadilos mravlismnaxvel ekranze<br />

xidi<strong>da</strong>n Rrma xeobaSi xtebodnen sabWoTa tyveebi, maT<br />

Soris qalebi <strong>da</strong> bavSvebic, oRond ki `Tavisianebis~<br />

xelSi ar moxvedriliyvnen.<br />

78 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

Tuli <strong>da</strong>, rogorc wesi, exebo<strong>da</strong> an<br />

amxanag lenins, an amxanag stalins,<br />

an orive am amxanags an am amxanagebis<br />

erTgul sxva amxanagebs, magaliTad<br />

rkinis feliqss, ucxo enebis mcodne<br />

frunzes an sulac sakavSiro „starosta“<br />

kalinins).<br />

ar vici _ ratom, magram kinos<br />

xalxTan (xSir SemTxvevaSi, sruliad<br />

SemTxveviTi) axlobloba bedma marguna,<br />

Cemi erT-erTi yvelaze sayvareli<br />

megobari kinomcodnea (ra Tqma<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, ara SemTxveviT; sxvaTa Soris,<br />

saqarTveloSi Zneli gamosacnobi ar<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iyos, vin igulisxmeba); me moulodnelad<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>vyrivar TbilisSi<br />

quTaisis quCaze robert redfords<br />

(erTi gamagebina, iq ra undo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

manqanis nawils xom ar eZeb<strong>da</strong>?);<br />

anJeSi biblioTekarTa wveulebaze,<br />

rogorc Semdeg gairkva, Cemi<br />

maspinZlis, safrangeTis erovnuli<br />

biblioTekis maSindeli direqtoris<br />

megobars, qarTuli kulturisa<br />

<strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT, kulinariis <strong>da</strong>mfasebels<br />

ani Jirardos, romelsac<br />

xaWapurze mokle, magram yovlismomcveli<br />

leqcia wavukiTxe (maxsov<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom manamde, el<strong>da</strong>r riazanovis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi legen<strong>da</strong>rulma frangma<br />

msaxiobma xaWapuri rom axsena, sabWoTa<br />

reJisors ratomRac xasiaTi<br />

waux<strong>da</strong>); moskovSi, sastumro „rosias“<br />

derefanSi kinofestivalze gamarjvebul<br />

italiel reJisor etore<br />

skolas <strong>da</strong> Jiuris wevr jina lolobriji<strong>da</strong>s,<br />

romelic ukve asakSi iyo,<br />

magram mnaxvelebs mainc adgilze yinav<strong>da</strong><br />

gorgona meduzasaviT; moskovi-Tbilisis<br />

reisze <strong>da</strong>vmgzavrebivar<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis saSualeba ar<br />

mimicia lidia fedoseeva-SuqSinas-<br />

Tvis, romelsac Tavxedurad vuxsnidi<br />

SukSinis prozauli Semoqmedebis<br />

Taviseburebebs; taSkenti-moskovis<br />

matareblis saerTaSoriso kupeSi<br />

„duraka“ miTamaSia ukve „Stirlic“<br />

viaCeslav tixonovTan; santa monikaSi<br />

liftSi Sevjaxebivar „<strong>da</strong>uxatav“<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Rlil Seron stouns,<br />

romelic „holandiisTvis sakmarisi<br />

iyo“ (ase upasuxa ssrk-s pirvelma<br />

<strong>da</strong> ukanasknelma prezidentma, mi

xail gorbaCovma holandieli Jurnalistis<br />

SekiTxvas, _ ganiaraRebis<br />

Semdeg ramdeni birTvuli qobini<br />

<strong>da</strong>grCaTo); sigareti momiwevia antonio<br />

banderasTan erTad „uorner<br />

brazerzis“ studiis SesasvlelSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> iseTi qaTinauri miTqvams qe-<br />

Trin zeta-jonsisTvis, romelmac<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>saReb filmSi Tavis partniors<br />

moakiTxa, rom kinaRam safrTxe iyo<br />

an maikl duglass movekali an saxelganTqmuli<br />

amerikuli „seqSual<br />

harasmentis“ muxlisTvis gamomekra<br />

xeli, banderass rom ar ganemarta,<br />

kavkasieli kavkasielia (erTi „kavkasieli“<br />

TeTri rasis warmomadgenels<br />

niSnavs <strong>da</strong> banderasma amitom ixmara<br />

ormagi kavkasielis termini) <strong>da</strong> lamazi<br />

qalisTvis qaTinauri magisTvis<br />

gamarjobis anu Tqveneburi „hais“<br />

tolfasiao.<br />

am satrabaxo ambebi<strong>da</strong>n mxolod<br />

jina lolobriji<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> viaCeslav<br />

tixonovi Seadgendnen Cems simdidres<br />

politikur banakSi moxvedramde,<br />

yvela sxva Sexvedra Semdgom-<br />

Si mox<strong>da</strong>. lismaniss, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />

ulamazes jinaze Camovugde sityva<br />

(rusi mzveravis, isaevis, imave Stirlicis<br />

rolis Semsrulebel tixonovTan<br />

samgzavro-samatareblo<br />

axloblobiT trabaxi ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />

swori toni patiosan latviel nacionalistTan<br />

saubrisas). lismanisi<br />

kinos namdvili partizani iyo, maSin<br />

ar vicodiT sityva, romelic axla<br />

iolad aRwers <strong>da</strong>inisis mdgomareobas,<br />

latvieli social-demokrati<br />

kinos <strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT, italiuri<br />

kinos namdvili fani iyo. rogorc ki<br />

jina lolobriji<strong>da</strong> vuxsene, lismanisi<br />

aRel<strong>da</strong>.<br />

_ ici Tu ara, Cemo qarTvelo megobaro,<br />

rom lolobriji<strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />

amerikuli italieli msaxiobia,<br />

sofi lorenze meta<strong>da</strong>c ki? lolobriji<strong>da</strong><br />

yvelaze didi saxeli iyo<br />

ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTiani wlebisa <strong>da</strong> samocianis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sawyisis italiur kinoSi, Tumca<br />

ra italiur, msoflio kinoSi!<br />

<strong>da</strong> ici, ra periodi iyo es italiuri<br />

kinosTvis? ici, rom mas uTamaSia<br />

iseTi gigantebis mxar<strong>da</strong>mxar, rogo-<br />

rebic iyvnen bert lankasteri, iul<br />

brineri, frenk sinatra, ser alek<br />

ginesi?<br />

_ me mxolod is vici, rom msgavsi<br />

silamazis qali pira<strong>da</strong>d, ase<br />

vTqvaT, „cxovrebaSi“ arasodes minaxavs,<br />

_ ganvacxade me <strong>da</strong> meaTasejer<br />

<strong>da</strong>viwye moyola, Tu rogor SeveCexe<br />

italielebis mTel xmaurian delegacias<br />

moskovis sastumro „rosiis“<br />

derefanSi 1975 wels, rodesac jina<br />

lolobriji<strong>da</strong> ukve 48 wlisa iyo.<br />

_ ici Tu ara, Cemo leevan (Léevan,<br />

maxviliT pirvel e-ze), rom 1947<br />

wels jinam monawileoba miiRo „mis<br />

italiis“ silamazis konkursSi?<br />

_ ara, es ar vicodi, magram warmomidgenia,<br />

ra triumfiT gaimarjveb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

maSin xom 20 wlisa iqnebo<strong>da</strong>?!<br />

_ ver gaimarjva! diax, ver gaimarjva!<br />

sxvam gaimarjva, luCia bozem<br />

(juzepe de santisis „ar aris mSvidoba<br />

zeTisxilis xeebis qveS“, xuan<br />

antonio bardemis „velosipedistis<br />

sikvdili“) <strong>da</strong> meoreze jana maria<br />

kanale gavi<strong>da</strong> (amas, sxvaTa Soris,<br />

ava gardners a<strong>da</strong>rebdnen), lolobriji<strong>da</strong><br />

mxolod mesame iyo! <strong>da</strong>ujere<br />

axla silamazis konkursebs! lu-<br />

Cia boze Cemi <strong>da</strong> Seni <strong>da</strong>sawuni qali<br />

ar iyo, magram jina?!<br />

lismanisi kinos, bunebrivia, kinomeqanikosis<br />

jixuri<strong>da</strong>n uyureb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

xan<strong>da</strong>xan moulodnel <strong>da</strong> xmamaRal<br />

komentarebsac akeTeb<strong>da</strong>, ris gamoc<br />

patimar-mayurebelTa erTi nawili<br />

aRSfoTdebo<strong>da</strong> xolme, xolo meore<br />

nawili gvarianad xalisob<strong>da</strong>. magaliTad,<br />

sabWoTa propagandistuli<br />

Sedevris, „<strong>da</strong>melodes“, anu «Жди<br />

меня»-s demonstrirebisas, romel-<br />

Sic qalis mTavar rols konstantine<br />

simonovis meuRle, valentina<br />

serova asruleb<strong>da</strong>, msaxiobi qalis<br />

pirveli gamoCenisTanave lismanisma<br />

filmis demonstrireba SeaCera <strong>da</strong><br />

xmamaRali komentari gaakeTa:<br />

_ Tqven winaSea sabWoTa kinos merlin<br />

monrod wodebuli qeraTmiani<br />

lamazmani valentina vasilis asuli<br />

serova, ruseTis ekranis oc<strong>da</strong>aTianormociani<br />

wlebis seqs-simbolo,<br />

stalinis usayvarlesi msaxiobi, ro-<br />

saavtoro<br />

melsac msoflios xalxTa beladi<br />

<strong>da</strong> kinos didi megobari Ckalovis<br />

meuRlesTan erTad gverdiT <strong>da</strong>isvam<strong>da</strong><br />

xolme wveulebebze, radgan<br />

es qalbatoni sabWoTa kavSiris gmiris,<br />

espaneTis omSi TavgamoCenili<br />

pilotis, anatoli serovis qvrivi<br />

iyo. SemdgomSi aramza<strong>da</strong> (papaiano,<br />

ar gewyinos!) konstantin simonovis<br />

coli iyo, rasac xeli ar Seu-<br />

Slia qeraTmiani mzeTunaxavisTvis,<br />

romani gaeba maSindel general <strong>da</strong><br />

momaval marSal konstantin konstantines<br />

Ze rokosovskisTan, iseTi<br />

romani, rom amxanag stalins erTerT<br />

miRebaze ukiTxavs general k.<br />

k. rokosovskisTvis, _ xom ar ici,<br />

amxanago rokosovski, visi colia<br />

msaxiobi valentina serovao; rokosovskis<br />

amouRerRavs, _ poet simo-<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 79

saavtoro<br />

noviso, _ <strong>da</strong> amxanag belads uTqvams,<br />

_ mec ase vicodio. amis Semdeg momavali<br />

marSali Tavis gulis satrfos<br />

aRar gahkarebia. msaxiobi qali galoT<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>icvala martoobaSi<br />

1975 wels, samxreTelma <strong>da</strong> „Tbilma“<br />

simonovma kislovodskSi <strong>da</strong>sveneba<br />

ar Sewyvita <strong>da</strong> mxolod vardebis<br />

gamogzavniT <strong>da</strong>kmayofil<strong>da</strong>. sabWo-<br />

Ta kinos legen<strong>da</strong> ukanasknel gzaze<br />

samiode kacma gaacila, maT Soris<br />

_ qaliSvilma, maria simonovam. ase<br />

rom, amxanag stalins qeraTmiani<br />

lamazmanebi itaceb<strong>da</strong>, gansxvavebiT<br />

misi Tanamemamule, amJamad klub<br />

sasadilos <strong>da</strong>rbazSi myofi levan<br />

berZeniSvilisgan, romelsac gaugebari<br />

pretenziebi aqvs qeraTmianebis<br />

mimarT. ganvagrZoT filmis Cveneba,<br />

gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis, megobrebo.<br />

lismanisi, rogorc wesi, saSinel<br />

komentarebs akeTeb<strong>da</strong> iseTi ukv<strong>da</strong>vi<br />

sabWoTa Sedevrebis, rogorebic<br />

iyo „SeiaraRebuli kaci“ (Человек с<br />

ружьем), „lenini oqtomberSi“, „le-<br />

nini 1918 wels“ <strong>da</strong> leninianas sxva<br />

sabWoTa klasikad qceuli filmebis<br />

demonstrirebisas, magram es komentarebi<br />

xazgasmiT latviur enaze<br />

keTdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> lismaniss yovelTvis<br />

SeeZlo eTqva leninis rolis Semsrulebeli<br />

msaxiobebis ostatobaze<br />

vakeTeb komentarebso. xan<strong>da</strong>xan lismaniss<br />

qarTvelebic exmaurebodnen<br />

80 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

<strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n qarTul enaze warmo-<br />

Tqmuli komentarebiT, romelSic<br />

figurireb<strong>da</strong> iseTi uwyinari Sefasebebi,<br />

rogoric iyo „garewari“,<br />

„aramza<strong>da</strong>“, „<strong>da</strong>mpali“, „tvingayinuli“<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxv. am mxriv arc somxebi<br />

CamogvrCebodnen <strong>da</strong> erTi-or lamaz<br />

Sefasebas isrodnen ukv<strong>da</strong>vi grigol<br />

narekacis enaze. ase rom, lismanis-<br />

Tan erTad sabWoTa propagandis<br />

saamayo Sedevrebis, e.w. mxatvruli<br />

filmebis demonstrireba xalisianad<br />

mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

erTxel warmoudgeneli ram mox<strong>da</strong>:<br />

SabaTs kinoCvenebaze namdvili<br />

kino moitanes, ingmar bergmanis „Semodgomis<br />

sonata“ ingrid bergmanisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> liv ulmanis monawileobiT. Cemi<br />

azriT, baraSevos arazonur kino-<br />

TeatrSi aCvenes mayurebels, romelsac<br />

igi aqtiurad ar moewona <strong>da</strong><br />

sasjelis saxiT Semogvigdes banakSi<br />

_ esec Tqveni sayvareli <strong>da</strong>savleTi<br />

<strong>da</strong> misi gaugebari Sedevrio. de<strong>da</strong>-<br />

Svilis dramatul urTierTobebze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli, sakmaod rTuli <strong>da</strong> si-<br />

vrceSi Caketili filmi patimrebs<br />

mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc ar moewonaT, magram<br />

lismanisi xSirad aCereb<strong>da</strong> Cvenebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> ingmar bergmanis oci filmis<br />

ucvleli operatoris, sven niukvistis<br />

ostatobaze amaxvileb<strong>da</strong> Cvens<br />

yuradRebas. lismanisi namdvili<br />

mxatvari iyo, iseT detalebs xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom saxelganTqmuli niukvisti<br />

siamovnebiT aiyvan<strong>da</strong> Tanaoperatorad<br />

Tu ara, mTavari operatoris<br />

asistentad mainc. Tanac, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />

var, sakmaod civi <strong>da</strong> mudmivad<br />

melanqoliuri, tokioSi <strong>da</strong>badebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> kana<strong>da</strong>Si aRzrdili norvegieli<br />

liv ulmanis gamxiarulebasac ki<br />

SeZleb<strong>da</strong> Tavisi uTvalavi anekdotiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> xalisiani moTxrobiT.<br />

erTxel iseTi pativi gvces, rom,<br />

romeliRac mxatvruli filmis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>, e.w. Jurnalic mogvawodes.<br />

lismanisma winaswar gagvafrTxila,<br />

_ es kino ar aris, Jurnalia, kino<br />

kidev iqnebao. „Jurnalad“ dokumenturi<br />

moklemetraJiani filmi<br />

gadio<strong>da</strong>, romelSic (ar <strong>da</strong>gaviwydeT,<br />

es yvelaferi perestroikisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> gaqanebuli sajaroobis epoqa-<br />

Si xdeba) naCvenebi iyo unikaluri<br />

kadrebi, romelsac aTwleulobiT<br />

umalavdnen mTel msoflios rogorc<br />

sabWoTa komunistebi, ise<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleli demokratebi. mokled,<br />

dokumentur filmSi naCvenebi iyo,<br />

Tu rogor ga<strong>da</strong>sces ingliselebma<br />

meore msoflio omis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis-<br />

Tanave sabWoTa kavSirs maT saokupacio<br />

zonaSi moxvedrili tyveebi.<br />

lismanisi swrafad gaerkva situaciaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>, _ visac susti<br />

guli gaqvT, <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gadiT, ise<br />

vatyob, saSineli kadrebi gvelodebao.<br />

am komentarma adgils miajaWva<br />

isinic, vinc Jurnalis gamotovebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> wekos mosawevad gareT gasvlas<br />

apireb<strong>da</strong> (klub-sasadilo marTla<br />

klubi ki ar iyo, rom iq mowevis nebarTva<br />

miecaT vinmesTvis).<br />

ekranze gamoCn<strong>da</strong> Zalian maRali<br />

xidi, romli<strong>da</strong>nac mdinaris xeobamde,<br />

sul cota, asi metri mainc<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. Zalian Sori<strong>da</strong>n iyo ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> TiTqmis araferi ar<br />

Can<strong>da</strong>, magram rogorc ki kadris<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloeba <strong>da</strong>iwyo, gamoCn<strong>da</strong> raRac<br />

wertilebi, romlebic xidi<strong>da</strong>n qvemoT<br />

mieqanebodnen. rodesac kadri<br />

kidev ufro axlos movi<strong>da</strong>, cxadi<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>, rom es wertilebi a<strong>da</strong>mianebia,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic saku-<br />

Tari nebiT xtebian mdinareSi <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavs iklaven. ЖХ 385/3-5-is klub

sasadilos mravlismnaxvel ekranze<br />

xidi<strong>da</strong>n Rrma xeobaSi xtebodnen sabWoTa<br />

tyveebi, maT Soris qalebi <strong>da</strong><br />

bavSvebic, oRond ki „Tavisianebis“<br />

xelSi ar moxvedriliyvnen; ZiriTadi<br />

masa ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebas cdilob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

magram ukan mibrunebulebs ingliselebi<br />

cecxls uxsnidnen <strong>da</strong> adgilze<br />

xocavdnen: xidze saSineli tragedia<br />

trialeb<strong>da</strong>, kacobriobis istoriaSi<br />

yvelaze sastiki omis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ramdenime TveSi ukve sisxlmonatrebul<br />

sikvdils namdvili kalo hqon<strong>da</strong><br />

gamarTuli _ britanelTa saokupacio<br />

zonaSi moxvedril sabWoTa<br />

tyveebs win gulagi <strong>da</strong> masSi sikvdili<br />

elodebo<strong>da</strong>T, ukan _ mokavSireebis<br />

tyviiT sikvdili <strong>da</strong> qvemoT,<br />

Rrma xeobaSi _ miwaze <strong>da</strong>xeTqebamde<br />

haerSi sikvdili. am fonze gamoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

erTi patara kaci, romelic xelebaweuli<br />

garbo<strong>da</strong> rusebisken. kameram<br />

igi sagangebod msxvili planiT<br />

aiRo: patara kaci gaxarebuli garbis<br />

Tavisianebisken, xelebs ucnaurad<br />

iqnevs <strong>da</strong> raRacas iZaxis.<br />

uecrad klub-sasadilo araa<strong>da</strong>mianurma<br />

Rrialma SeZra:<br />

_ aaraa! aaraa! lismanis, gaaCere<br />

kino, lismanis, gaaCere!<br />

<strong>da</strong>bneulma lismanisma marTla „gaaCera<br />

kino“ <strong>da</strong> Cvenma Tanazonelma<br />

timinma, patara kacma, romelsac<br />

manamde arasodes araferze xma ar<br />

amouRia, ara<strong>da</strong> namdvili saopero<br />

baritoni aRmoaCn<strong>da</strong>, ekranze gaCerebul<br />

gamosaxulebas mimarTa:<br />

_ Куда прёшь, дуралей?! saiT garbixar,<br />

idioto! es xom me var, biWebo!<br />

es xom me var, saxlSi movrbivar ormoci<br />

weli gulagSi amosaxrCobad!<br />

ekrani<strong>da</strong>n mas <strong>da</strong> yvelas axalgazr<strong>da</strong><br />

timini gviyureb<strong>da</strong>, gaRimebuls<br />

ar esmo<strong>da</strong>, ra erCo<strong>da</strong> mas ormoci<br />

wlis Semdeg misi sakuTari, gulagSi<br />

gatanjuli arseba. lismanisma proeqtori<br />

gamorTo, amasobaSi xma gavar<strong>da</strong>,<br />

timinia ekranzeo <strong>da</strong> mTeli zona<br />

klub-sasadiloSi Semovar<strong>da</strong>, maT<br />

Soris iyvnen _ zonis ufrosi maiori<br />

Salini, depeenka suraikini, aRmzrdelobiTi<br />

samuSaoebis xelmZRvaneli<br />

leiteranti arapovi, ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvele-<br />

bi trifonovi, kiseliovi <strong>da</strong> trimazkini<br />

<strong>da</strong> uklebliv yvela patimari,<br />

arkadi dudkinic ki, romelic, Tu<br />

berlinis aRebaze <strong>da</strong> raixstagze<br />

droSis aRmarTvaze ar iyo kino, sxva<br />

filmebs arasodes ar swyalob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

_ lismanis, moita timini, _ br-<br />

Zana Salinma <strong>da</strong> lismanisma Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gauSva filmi zustad im adgili<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

rodesac xidze gaCerebul masas gamoeyo<br />

patara wertili, mere es wertili<br />

nel-nela gadid<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> utyuar<br />

timinad iqca. morbo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> morbo<strong>da</strong><br />

gaxarebuli timini, morbo<strong>da</strong> Tavisi<br />

monatrebuli samSoblosaken, oc<strong>da</strong>xuTwliani<br />

ganaCenisken, romelsac<br />

kidev oci ukve gulagSi <strong>da</strong>emata,<br />

morbo<strong>da</strong>, radgan egona, rom bolos<br />

<strong>da</strong> bolos general vlasovis<br />

armiaSi samsaxurs apatiebdnen <strong>da</strong><br />

rusulad mainc <strong>da</strong>elaparakebodnen.<br />

zonis xelmZRvanelobam timini<br />

iolad amoicno <strong>da</strong> Salini<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebuli<br />

trifonoviT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli,<br />

yvelas homerosuli xarxari<br />

auty<strong>da</strong>, maT zogierTi patimaric<br />

saavtoro<br />

КУДА ПРЁШЬ, ДУРАЛЕЙ?! saiT garbixar, idioto! es xom me<br />

var, biWebo! es xom me var, saxlSi movrbivar ormoci<br />

weli gulagSi amosaxrCobad!<br />

ahyva. kargi sanaxavi iyo klub-sasadilo,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c mayurebelTa erTi<br />

nawili gulze skdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> meore<br />

nawili gulianad icino<strong>da</strong>. saco<strong>da</strong>vma<br />

timinma jer <strong>sxvebi</strong>viT gacineba<br />

sca<strong>da</strong>, ar gamouvi<strong>da</strong>, mere uecrad<br />

guli wauvi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> samxreT kavkasiis<br />

qristian xalxTa federaciis wevrebma,<br />

qarTvelebma <strong>da</strong> somxebma gareT<br />

gamoviyvaneT, sa<strong>da</strong>c adgilobrivma<br />

eskulapusma, arnold andersonma<br />

saswrafod moiyvana gonze Tavisi<br />

saxelganTqmuli nouhauTi, romel-<br />

Sic arasaidumlo ingredientebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

mravalZarRvasa <strong>da</strong> pitnis nayeni Sedio<strong>da</strong>,<br />

xolo saidumlo ingredientebis<br />

Semadgenlobas sabWoTa polivitaminebis<br />

avtori sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod<br />

malav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

_ esec Cveni sasiqadulo uinston<br />

CerCili! _ wamoiZaxa Jora xomizurma,<br />

_ ki wer<strong>da</strong> amaze aleqsandr isaeviCi,<br />

magram me mainc ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli<br />

kritika megona.<br />

>>> gagrZeleba gv. 102<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 81

saavtoro<br />

xelovneba <strong>da</strong> `perversiebi~<br />

akrZaluli survilebi<br />

avtori: giorgi maisuraZe<br />

ilustracia: maia sumbaZe<br />

„Cven visjebiT imitom, rom seqsi viRacam odesRac codvad gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>“.<br />

miSel fuko<br />

Rrmadmorwmune rus filosofoss vasili rozanovs<br />

aseTi azri ekuTvnis: Tuki seqsi siyvarulis umaRlesi<br />

xorcieli gamoxatulebaa, maSin ratomRa un<strong>da</strong> gvikvirdes<br />

incesti? _ is xom a<strong>da</strong>mianis ukeTilSobiles<br />

ltolvas ganasaxierebs...<br />

82 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

incesti, anu seqsualuri kavSiri sakuTari ojaxis<br />

wevrebTan, kacobriobis istoriis albaT yvelaze<br />

didi <strong>da</strong> uZvelesi tabua, romlis gaCenasac anTropologebi<br />

kulturis warmoSobas, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa jogis<br />

_ sazogadoebad, civilizaciad qcevas ukavSireben.

„kultura“ <strong>da</strong> „civilizacia“ ki a<strong>da</strong>mianis ara mxolod<br />

ganviTarebulobis, aramed misi Tavisuflebis<br />

CaxSobis simboloebicaa. filosofosi herbert markuze<br />

wer<strong>da</strong>, rom „Tuki Tavisuflebis arqetipi CaxSobis<br />

ararsebobaa, civilizacia am Tavisuflebis<br />

winaaRmdeg brZolad SegviZlia ganvixiloT“. Tumca,<br />

Tavisuflebis aRmniSvneli uZvelesi sityva, romelic<br />

Sumerul enaSia mocemuli, erTgvar „incestualur“<br />

Sinaarss gadmogvcems, romelic sityva-sityviT „de<strong>da</strong>sTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>brunebas“ niSnavs <strong>da</strong> am metaforiT mzis<br />

RmerTis RamRamobiT sakuTar dedis wiaRSi Sesvla <strong>da</strong><br />

diliT misi saSo<strong>da</strong>n kvlav<strong>da</strong>badeba igulisxmeba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>vubrundeT isev markuzes debulebas, romelic<br />

civilizaciisa <strong>da</strong> CaxSobis, anu „represiis“ urTierTmimarTebis<br />

fsiqoanalitikur suraTs gadmogvcems:<br />

fsiqoanalizis fuZemdebelma zigmund froidma incestis<br />

Tema gasaRebad gamoiyena a<strong>da</strong>mianis aracnobieri<br />

fsiqikis uxilav samyaroSi Sesasvlelad <strong>da</strong> berZnuli<br />

miTologiis erT-erTi yvelaze tragikuli gmiris mefe<br />

oidiposis figuriT fsiqoanalitikuri metafora „oidiposis<br />

kompleqsi“ Seqmna, romelic patara bavSvis sasiyvarulo<br />

ltolvas gansxvavebuli sqesis mSoblis mimarT<br />

gamoxatavs. amasTanave, sakuTari sqesis mSobeli<br />

bavSvisaTvis konkurentad aRiqmeba <strong>da</strong> aseTi gaorebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba siyvarulisa <strong>da</strong> siZulvilis pirveladi<br />

obieqtebisadmi gansazRvravs a<strong>da</strong>mianis fsiqoseqsualur<br />

bunebas. froidis Tanaxmad, aracnobieri<br />

fsiqika gandevnili <strong>da</strong> CaxSobili survilebisagan Sedgeba,<br />

romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mians nevrozebis, fsiqozebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sxva fsiqikuri usiamovnebebis saxiT ubrundeba. warmoSobisTanave<br />

CaxSobili survilebi ki aracnobier-<br />

Sive „perversiebad“ gar<strong>da</strong>iqmneba, romlebsac froidi<br />

fotografiul termin „negativs“ a<strong>da</strong>rebs: perversiebi<br />

nevrozebis negativebia. Tavad „perversia“ ki laTinuri<br />

warmoSobis sityvaa <strong>da</strong> qarTulad „gaukuRmarTebad“<br />

iTargmneba <strong>da</strong> masSi, upirveles yovlisa, sazogadoebrivad<br />

miRebuli normebi<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>xveva igulisxmeba.<br />

seqsologiaSi ki es termini seqsualobis garkveul<br />

marginalur formebs aRniSnavs, rogorebicaa, magali-<br />

Tad, sodomia, anu seqsualuri ltolva cxovelebis<br />

mimarT, an koprofilia _ seqsualuri aRgzneba ganavalze,<br />

agreTve nekrofilia _ gvamebis siyvaruli <strong>da</strong><br />

a. S. perversiaTa yvelaze gavrcelebul formebad ki<br />

sadizmi, anu partniorisaTvis seqsualuri aqtis dros<br />

tkivilis miyeneba <strong>da</strong> misi sapirispiro forma _ mazoxizmi,<br />

anu sasiyvarulo grZnobis tkivilTan <strong>da</strong> tanjvasTan<br />

gaigiveba miiCneva. es ukanaskneli, romelic<br />

samedicino terminad XIX saukuneSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelic<br />

avstrieli mwerlis leopold fon zaxer-mazoxis saxels<br />

ukavSirdeba, ukve XX saukunis meore naxevarSi<br />

araerTi Teoretikosis mier SemoqmedebiTi procesis<br />

erT-erT mTavar mamoZravebel impulsad gamocxad<strong>da</strong>:<br />

xelovani, romelic sakuTari survilebisa <strong>da</strong> ltol-<br />

saavtoro<br />

vebis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobas acnobierebs, maT<br />

realizebas mxatvruli fantaziebis meSveobiT cdilobs.<br />

xelovnebis nawarmoebi ki avtoris mier gancdili<br />

tkivilebis gamosaxva <strong>da</strong> warmosaxvis gziT maTi xelaxali<br />

ganc<strong>da</strong>a. amdenad, xelovneba pir<strong>da</strong>pir kavSirSia<br />

„perversiebTan“.<br />

„perversia“ aris akrZalvis, normebis <strong>da</strong>wesebis Sedegi<br />

<strong>da</strong> ara a<strong>da</strong>mianis fsiqikis „pirvandeli“ mdgomareoba.<br />

imisaTvis, rom akrZalvam „imuSaos“, arqaul<br />

<strong>da</strong> tradiciul sazogadoebebSi mas religiuri Sinaarsi<br />

aqvs <strong>da</strong> is RmerTis an RmerTebis nebad cxaddeba.<br />

RmerTis saxeliT laparakis monopolia ki religiur<br />

instituciebsa aqvT, romelTa sazogadoebrivi <strong>da</strong><br />

politikuri funqciac ara „WeSmaritebis“ samsaxuri,<br />

aramed swored represiuli, CamxSobi <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo<br />

meqanizmebis legitimaciaa. winaremodernul sazogadoebebSi<br />

kanonmdebloba, romelic sazogadoebriv<br />

urTierTobaTa <strong>da</strong>saregulireblad iqmneba, sakraluri,<br />

religiuri Sinaarsisaa <strong>da</strong> misi mizani, upirveles<br />

yovlisa, sazogadoebrivi ierarqiebisa <strong>da</strong> Zalauflebis<br />

sistemebis ganmtkicebaa, romlebsac a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

Tavisufleba ewireba msxverplad. amitomac sruliad<br />

bunebrivia, rom yvela humanisturi Tu saganmanaTleblo<br />

<strong>da</strong> ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kritikis mTavari<br />

samizne religiuri instituciebia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

religia, raoden amaRlebul <strong>da</strong> kacTmoyvare idealebi<strong>da</strong>nac<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iyos warmoSobili (amis TvalsaCino<br />

magaliTia qristes moZRvreba), sazogadoebriv-politikur<br />

instituciad qcevisTanave, sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo <strong>da</strong><br />

totalitaruli ideologiebis saTaved gvevlineba.<br />

religiis siaxlove totalitarizmTan imdenad didia,<br />

rom TviT yvelaze metad aTeisturi totalitarizmebic<br />

ki sakuTar ideologiebs religiebis analogiiT<br />

qmnian <strong>da</strong> maT msgavsad represiebiTa <strong>da</strong> SeCvenebiT<br />

dganan „ubiwobisa“ <strong>da</strong> „moralis“ sa<strong>da</strong>rajoze. Tumcaki<br />

saxelisuflebo <strong>da</strong> religiur instituciaTa istoria<br />

imasac gvaCvenebs, rom xSirad swored moralisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> zneobis am <strong>da</strong>rajebs xelT epyraT monopolia<br />

imaze, rasac isini Tavad codvad <strong>da</strong> garyvnilebad<br />

acxadebdnen. Zalaufleba, romelic mis armqoneTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>morCilebiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebiT xorcieldeba,<br />

siamovnebaze uflebis garanticaa <strong>da</strong>, amdenad, marTebuli<br />

mgonia is mosazreba, rom revoluciebi swored<br />

am uflebis mosapoveblad xdeba.<br />

Tumca arsebobs sfero, romelSic ufro didi revoluciuri<br />

Zvrebia SesaZlebeli, vidre nebismier<br />

SeiaraRebul ajanyebaSi, saxelmwifo ga<strong>da</strong>trialebasa<br />

Tu „xaverdovan“ revoluciebSi. esaa Semoqmedeba,<br />

romelSic <strong>da</strong> romlis meSveobiTac a<strong>da</strong>miani imis ganc<strong>da</strong>s,<br />

Tun<strong>da</strong>c gamoxatuli warmosaxvis doneze mainc<br />

axerxebs, risi realobaSi ganxorcielebis uflebac<br />

mas zneobis anaforianma Tu sxva uniformianma <strong>da</strong>mcvelebma<br />

waarTves <strong>da</strong> saTavisod miisakuTres.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 83

saavtoro<br />

yvela humanisturi Tu saganmanaTleblo <strong>da</strong> ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kritikis mTavari<br />

samizne religiuri instituciebia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c religia, raoden amaRlebul <strong>da</strong> kacTmoyvare<br />

idealebi<strong>da</strong>nac un<strong>da</strong> iyos warmoSobili (amis TvalsaCino magaliTia qristes moZRvreba),<br />

sazogadoebriv-politikur instituciad qcevisTanave, sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo <strong>da</strong> totalitaruli<br />

ideologiebis saTaved gvevlineba.<br />

xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>badeba `codvis~ suli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

Tavis pirvel wignSi _ „tragediis <strong>da</strong>badeba musikis<br />

suli<strong>da</strong>n“ nicSe mefe oidiposis <strong>da</strong>naSauls _ mamis<br />

mkvlelobasa <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>ze qorwinebas bunebriobis sawinaaRmdegod<br />

mimarTul imdenad did qmedebas uwodebs,<br />

romelic Tavad bunebas aiZulebs, misi idumalebani<br />

gasces. nicSesTvis oidiposi filosofosis prototipia,<br />

romelic akrZalul sferoSi SesvliT samyaros<br />

idumal kanonebs imecnebs. igi mis saqciels promeTes<br />

gmirobas a<strong>da</strong>rebs, romelmac RmerTebs cecxli mohpara<br />

<strong>da</strong>, maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod, a<strong>da</strong>mianebs „RvTaebrivi<br />

xelobebi“ aswavla. Zvel berZnul enaSi „xeloba“<br />

<strong>da</strong> „xelovneba“ erTi <strong>da</strong> igive sityviT gadmoicema.<br />

Semoqmedi a<strong>da</strong>mianis pirvelxateba RmerTebis mier <strong>da</strong>wesebuli<br />

kanonebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva, am kanonebis winaaRmdeg<br />

svlaa. „saidumloebebi“ ki, romlebic akrZalvebiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> xelSeuxeblobiTaa ya<strong>da</strong>Ra<strong>da</strong>smuli, gandevnil <strong>da</strong><br />

Caklul survilTa is sferoa, romelSi cota xniT<br />

mainc Caxedvis ufleba antikuri sazogadoebebis a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />

weliwadSi erTxel mainc misteriebis dros<br />

eZleo<strong>da</strong>T. am religiuri dResaswaulebis zeniti iniciaciis<br />

anu ziarebis ritualebi iyo. aseT ritualebs<br />

ki xSirad sruliad Riad seqsualuri forma hqon<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romelsac Tan axl<strong>da</strong> orgiebi <strong>da</strong> sqesobrivi rolebis<br />

aRreva. maTi meSveobiT ki a<strong>da</strong>miani imas eziarebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

risi uflebac mas yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebaSi ar<br />

eZleo<strong>da</strong>. magram antikuri xanis a<strong>da</strong>mianma isic ico<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom siamovnebis am formebze monopolia mxolod<br />

RmerTebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. RmerTebi a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>v uflebas siamovnebasa <strong>da</strong> gancxromaze<br />

ganasaxierebdnen. es iyo maTi zea<strong>da</strong>mianuri Zalis,<br />

RvTaebriobis gamoxatuleba. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi ki, romlebic<br />

sakuTari ZalauflebiT Tavs RmerTebs utolebdnen,<br />

aseT Zalauflebas xSirad swored seqsualuri aRviraxsnilobiT<br />

gamoxatavdnen.<br />

misteriebis Tanmxlebi Zvel saberZneTsa <strong>da</strong> romSi<br />

Teatraluri sanaxaobebic iyo, sai<strong>da</strong>nac Tavisufali<br />

xelovnebis pirveli formebi <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. „Tavisufali<br />

xelovneba“ am SemTxvevaSi swored religiuri normebisagan<br />

Tavisuflebas niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac<br />

berZeni tragikosi poeti esqile Tavsi tragediaSi<br />

„mijaWvuli promeTe“ meamboxe titans aTqmevinebs,<br />

rom uzenaesi RvTaebis _ zevsis xelisufleba <strong>da</strong>emxoba,<br />

yofiT situaciaSi aseTi gancxadeba RvTis gmoba<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, literaturul TxzulebaSi ki, romelic<br />

84 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

misteriebis dros TamaSdebo<strong>da</strong>, xelovans imis saSualeba<br />

eZleo<strong>da</strong>, rom sakuTari „mkrexeluri“ mosazreba<br />

sajarod gamoeTqva.<br />

magram amgvari „SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba“ mono-<br />

Teisturi religiebis gamarjvebisTanave moispo. saxelmwifo<br />

religiis rangSi aRzevebulma qristianobam<br />

erTmaneTze miyolebiT akrZala olimpiuri TamaSobebi,<br />

antikuri Teatri, filosofosTa akademiebi, TviT<br />

sajaro „biblioTekebic“ ki. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, TviT<br />

am „bnel xanad“ wodebul Sua saukuneebSic ki arsebob<strong>da</strong><br />

sferoebi, romlebSic eklesiam <strong>da</strong> Zalauflebis<br />

struqturebma Tavisi represiuli aparatis amuSaveba<br />

bolomde ver SeZles. pirvel rigSi, es iyo qristianuli<br />

mistika, romelic saeklesio dogmatikis CarCoebSi<br />

ver jdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mis akrZalul sazRvrebsac abijeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mistikosebis umravlesoba Tavad<br />

sasuliero piri iyo, azrs moklebuli ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

is mosazreba, rom maT sruliad Segnebulad Seqmnes<br />

werisa <strong>da</strong> saubris „gaucnaurebuli“ stili, romelsac<br />

isini eklesiisa <strong>da</strong> oficiozis sxva Cinovnikebisagan<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ecva. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, araerTi Sua saukuneebis<br />

mistikosi an maTi naweri mainc aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> eklesiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> RmrTis saxeliT <strong>da</strong>nTebul koconze.<br />

mistika RvTaebriv siyvaruls eqstatur formas aZlevs.<br />

qristianuli mistikis erT-erTi pirveli warmomadgeneli<br />

fsevdo-dionise areopageli (swored is pirovneba,<br />

romelic saqarTveloSi qarTuli warmomavlobis<br />

RvTismetyvel petre iberTanaa gaigivebuli), RvTaebriv<br />

siyvarulze saubrisas xmarobs berZnul sityva<br />

„eross“, romelic xorciel siyvaruls niSnavs <strong>da</strong> ara<br />

qristesmieri siyvarulisa Tu saTnoebis aRmniSvnel<br />

„agapes“. amasTanave, es mistikosi eross kidev erT winaqristianul<br />

berZnul termin „eqstaziasTan“ akavSirebs,<br />

romelic eqstazs, Tav<strong>da</strong>viwyebas gamoxatavs. sasiyvarulo<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>viwyeba RmerTs samyaros aqmnevinebs.<br />

amis sawinaaRmdegod, „oficialur“ qristianobaSi<br />

sxeulebriv siamovnebaTa uaryofam <strong>da</strong> gmobam imdenad<br />

totaluri saxe miiRo, rom Zalauneburad misi Se<strong>da</strong>reba<br />

erT nevrotul meqanizmTan SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>, romelsac<br />

„uaryofa“ ewodeba: nevrozebi, romelTa negativebic<br />

perversiebia, TavianT farul Sinaarss misi amoCemebuli<br />

uaryofiT, negaciiT gamoxataven. Sinaarsi, romlis<br />

gamomzeurebasac nevrotuli pirovneba mTeli Tavisi<br />

ZalisxmeviT ewinaaRmdegeba, sakuTar Tavs hyidis<br />

am Sinaarsis arcTu iSviaTad sruliad ukonteqsto

<strong>da</strong> agresiul uaryofaSi. aseTi „uaryofebis“ yvelaze<br />

cnobili <strong>da</strong> banaluri magaliTia: „iciT, me ara var<br />

homoseqsuali... me homoseqsuali ar gegonoT“... amaze<br />

fsiqoanalitikosis pirvelive reaqcia iqnebo<strong>da</strong>: „ma-<br />

Sasa<strong>da</strong>me es pirovneba homoseqsualia“. arsebobs „uaryofis“<br />

ufro mZafri muxtis matarebeli, agresiuli<br />

variantebic: „me mZuls homoseqsualebi... pi<strong>da</strong>rastebis<br />

de<strong>da</strong>“... _ amgvari formulebis analiziT miRebuli<br />

yvelaze martivi diagnozi ase SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes:<br />

nevrozis Sinaarsi CaxSobili <strong>da</strong> gandevnili homoseqsualuri<br />

survilis sado-mazoxistur perversiad<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>qmnaa. a<strong>da</strong>mianis siZulvilis obieqti sakuTari<br />

Tavia, romelic gandevnil survils gaukuRmarTebuli,<br />

anu perversiuli formiT isrulebs, rodesac mas<br />

sZuls is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebsac am survilis asruleba<br />

SeuZliaT. am SemTxvevaSi misi agresia erosis, siyvarulis<br />

gaukuRmarTebuli, Sebrunebuli formaa <strong>da</strong><br />

igi am formiT amyarebs Tavisi grZnobebis obieqtTan<br />

erotul kavSirs. amasTanave, igi ganicdis mazoxistur<br />

siamovnebas sakuTari Tavis <strong>da</strong>sjiT, pirvandeli survilis<br />

codvad <strong>da</strong> mankierebad SeracxviT.<br />

merab mamar<strong>da</strong>Svils ekuTvnis jojoxeTis metafo-<br />

ris aseTi xatovani ganmarteba: „jojoxeTia, rodesac<br />

<strong>da</strong>bmuli xar <strong>da</strong> Sen Tvalwin aupatiureben Sens satrfos“.<br />

jojoxeTis kuprSi wva mazoxisturi fantaziebis<br />

triumfia, romelic neba<strong>da</strong>karguli a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

maradiul tanjvas <strong>da</strong> sakuTari survilebis verasrulebas,<br />

maT gamo <strong>da</strong>sjasa <strong>da</strong> gvemas ganasaxierebs.<br />

qristianulma eklesiam ki mTeli kacobrioba gamoacxa<strong>da</strong><br />

codvilad <strong>da</strong> amisaTvis mas survilebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

siamovnebaze uaris Tqma <strong>da</strong> codvebis gamosasyi<strong>da</strong>d<br />

mTeli sicocxlis manZilze TviTgvema miusaja. amiT<br />

ki eklesia miwaze, saaqaoSi Seudga imis Seqmnasa <strong>da</strong><br />

ganxorcielebas, rasac igi saiqioSi arsebul jojoxeTad<br />

warmosaxav<strong>da</strong>. filosofos miSel fukos TqmiT,<br />

„arasdros hqonia seqsualobas esoden uSualo <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi<br />

mniSvneloba, rogorc Sua saukuneebis <strong>da</strong>cemuli<br />

sxeulebisa <strong>da</strong> codvebis samyaroSi“.<br />

xorcieli eqstazi, orgaistika, <strong>da</strong>wesebuli <strong>da</strong><br />

wmin<strong>da</strong>d Seracxuli normebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva Semoinaxa Sua<br />

saukuneebis „<strong>da</strong>bal fenebad“ wodebul uuflebo <strong>da</strong><br />

saavtoro<br />

wera-kiTxvis ucodinari xalxis karnavalurma kulturam,<br />

romelTa qarTuli nairsaxeoba berikaoba <strong>da</strong><br />

yeenobaa. am kulturis yvelaze cnobili mkvlevari<br />

mixail baxtini karnavals „utopiuri Tavisuflebis“<br />

gamoxatulebas uwodebs, romlis drosac a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />

ufleba eZleo<strong>da</strong>T ierarqiisa <strong>da</strong> mmarTveli klasebisaTvis,<br />

TviT saeklesio avtoritetebisTvisac ki<br />

<strong>da</strong>ecinaT, masxrad aegdoT normatiuli wesrigi <strong>da</strong><br />

SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>vi Tavisuflebis idealuri samyaro Teatraluri<br />

<strong>da</strong> xSirad „uxamsi“ formebiTac gamoesaxaT.<br />

ukve gvian Sua saukuneebSi eklesiam karnavaluri<br />

kultura alqajTa Tavyrilobad Seracxa <strong>da</strong> mTeli<br />

Tavisi sisastike swored am uswavlel xelovanTa <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavisufal moazrovneTa winaaRmdeg mimarTa, magram<br />

misi aRmofxvra mainc ver SeZlo. Tanamedrove samyaroSi<br />

ki igi masobriv kulturas Seerwya <strong>da</strong> Cveulebriv<br />

komerciul dResaswaulad iqca, romlis erTerTi<br />

yvelaze cnobili magaliTicaa „helouini“.<br />

baxtinisa <strong>da</strong> ara mxolod misi azriT, swored am<br />

„m<strong>da</strong>bioTa“ uxamsma kulturam udidesi sasicocxlo<br />

impulsebi misca renesansis saxviT xelovnebasa <strong>da</strong><br />

literaturas. karnavaluri warmoSobisaa xelovnebis<br />

iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa parodia <strong>da</strong> groteski,<br />

romlebSic utrirebisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>metebis meSveobiT,<br />

epataJiTa <strong>da</strong> ironiiT sakmaod radikaluri socialuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> politikuri kritika Tu protesti gamoixateba.<br />

Tavad karnavaluri Janri ki, romlisTvisac <strong>da</strong>wesebuli<br />

normebisa <strong>da</strong> sazRvrebis ga<strong>da</strong>bijeba <strong>da</strong> „akrZaluli“<br />

<strong>da</strong> codvad Seracxuli Temebis kultivirebaa<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli, mTeli simZafriT Sua saukuneebis<br />

religiuri wesrigisa <strong>da</strong> „Zveli reJimebis“ <strong>da</strong>mxobis<br />

Semdeg gamoCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT klasikur Janrad<br />

iqca, romlebsac ukve universitetebSi aswavlian.<br />

xelovneba, rogorc `paTologia~ <strong>da</strong><br />

`boroteba~<br />

„Я люблю смотреть как умирают дети“. _ vladimir<br />

maiakovski<br />

XVIII saukuneSi, safrangeTis revoluciamde ramdenime<br />

wliT adre gaCn<strong>da</strong> literaturuli Janri,<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 85

saavtoro<br />

Tuki civilizaciis, wesrigiani samyaros arqetipi Tavisuflebis CaxSobaa, Semoqmedeba<br />

am <strong>da</strong>karguli Tavisuflebis ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebisa <strong>da</strong> misi gancdis, sulieri travmebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

tkivilebisgan gankurnebis erTaderTi saSualebacaa.<br />

romelsac „libertinuli“ ewo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelic, sayovelTaod<br />

aRiarebuli moraluri <strong>da</strong> seqsualuri<br />

normebis sawinaaRmdegod, srul aRviraxsnilobas<br />

aRwer<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> yovelgvar zneobriv tradicias abuCad<br />

igdeb<strong>da</strong>. am Janris erT-erTi pirveli <strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />

cnobili warmomadgeneli frangi markizi donasien<br />

alfons fransua de sadi kacobriobis istoriaSi,<br />

upirveles yovlisa, misi saxeli<strong>da</strong>n warmoebuli fsiqopaTologiuri<br />

terminis sadizmis saxeliT Sevi<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sadi, gar<strong>da</strong> skan<strong>da</strong>luri romanebis avtorobisa, axali<br />

epoqis pirveli udidesi disidentic iyo, romelic<br />

Tanabari ukompromisobiTa <strong>da</strong> radikalurobiT<br />

akritikeb<strong>da</strong> jer monarqiasa <strong>da</strong> samRvdeloebas, Semdeg<br />

iakobinelTa diqtaturasa <strong>da</strong> „direqtorias“,<br />

bolos ki napoleonis imperias. XX saukunis germaneli<br />

dramaturgis peter vaisis piesaSi „marat/sadi“<br />

ukve fsiqiatriul klinikaSi iZulebiT moTavsebuli<br />

sadi ixsenebs safrangeTis mefe lui XV-ze ganxorcielebul<br />

warumatebel teraqtSi <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>naSaulebuli<br />

pirovnebis _ <strong>da</strong>mianes sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sjis ambavs.<br />

parizis erT-erT centralur moe<strong>da</strong>nze ramdenime<br />

saaTs grZeldebo<strong>da</strong> sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sjis sanaxaoba.<br />

braldebuli neli <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivi wamebiT mokles.<br />

am istoriis gaxsenebisas ki sads yuradReba imaze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>aqvs, rom moe<strong>da</strong>nze mdgari erTi saxlis fanjaraSi<br />

jakomo kazanova Cans, romelsac erTdroulad<br />

or qalTan seqsi aqvs. Cemi azriT, peter vaiss am<br />

erT scenaSi naCvenebi aqvs sadis Semoqmedebis mTeli<br />

arsi: im dros, rodesac safrangeTSi mravalwliani<br />

politikuri terori, samoqalaqo Tu imperiuli omebi<br />

mZvinvareb<strong>da</strong>, sadma Tavis romanebSi yovelgvar<br />

zRudes moklebuli <strong>da</strong> „aRviraxsnili“ seqsualobis<br />

detaluri aRweriT erTgvari hiperrealoba Seqmna,<br />

romelmac yoveldRe giliotinaze mokveTili Tavebis<br />

naxviT emocieb<strong>da</strong>Clungebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebis Se-<br />

Zrwuneba <strong>da</strong> maTTvis mgrZnobelobis unaris <strong>da</strong>bruneba<br />

SeZlo.<br />

sekularuli „modernis“ xanaSi religiuri akr-<br />

Zalvebis adgili sazogadoebrivma moralizmma <strong>da</strong><br />

iurisprudenciam <strong>da</strong>ikava, religiebs samecniero<br />

diskursebi Caenacvla, „codvas“ _ „perversiebi“<br />

<strong>da</strong> „paTologiebi“. XIX saukunis araerTi cnobili<br />

mwerali <strong>da</strong> xelovani aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> axali zneobrivi<br />

instanciebis Setevisa <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmebis samizne.<br />

samagaliTod gustav floberisa <strong>da</strong> oskar uaildis<br />

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sasamarTlo procesebis gax-<br />

86 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

senebac SeiZleba. araevropul qveynebSi ki, magali-<br />

Tad ruseTis imperiaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis<br />

done sagrZnoblad CamorCebo<strong>da</strong> evropul<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs, 1917 wlamde isev mZlavrob<strong>da</strong> saeklesio<br />

cenzura, romelsac Zala Seswev<strong>da</strong> dostoevskis<br />

romani<strong>da</strong>n „eSmakni“ mTeli erTi Tavi amoeRo, xolo<br />

tolstoi anaTemisTvis ga<strong>da</strong>eca.<br />

magram aseT konfliqtebze metad mniSvnelovani<br />

is aris, rom „modernis“ xanaSi xelovanis, Semoqmedi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis <strong>da</strong> Tavad Semoqmedebis paradigma icvleba<br />

an, ufro swori iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>faruli arsi<br />

mJRavndeba: literatura <strong>da</strong> xelovneba (romlebic<br />

am SemTxvevaSi erTi <strong>da</strong> igivea) gvevlineba rogorc<br />

Semdgari, ganxorcielebuli subversia, mimarTuli<br />

moraluri warmodgenebisa <strong>da</strong> politikuri wesrigis<br />

winaaRmdeg. xelovnebis subversiuloba imiTac gamoixateba,<br />

rom is a<strong>da</strong>mianebis nervebze moqmedebs,<br />

wesebs <strong>da</strong> konvenciebs arRvevs, mudmiv konfliqtSia<br />

sazogadoebasTan <strong>da</strong> mis tradiciul faseulobeb-<br />

Tan. esaa xelovnebis suverenulobis arsi, romelic<br />

verc erTi normatiuli wesrigis farglebSi ver Tavsdeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>, rogorc iuri lotmani ambobs, „ara mxolod<br />

akrZaluls, aramed SeuZlebelsac SesaZlebels<br />

xdis“. is, rac ver xerxdeba realobaSi, xorcs isxams<br />

gamoTqmul <strong>da</strong> gamosaxul fantaziebSi. xelovneba<br />

imdena<strong>da</strong>a xelovneba, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c igi „akrZalul<br />

Temebs“ ar cnobs, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c misTvis zRudeebi <strong>da</strong><br />

Tematuri ierarqiebi ar arsebobs <strong>da</strong> yvelaze Zlieri<br />

ideologiuri wnexisa Tu zogjer niRbis qveSac<br />

ki arsebuli realobis Semaryevel biZgebs warmoqmnis.<br />

yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, xelovneba ideologiuri<br />

nagvis reproduqciis samsaxurSia. xelovnebaSi ara<br />

mxolod cocxldeba, aramed legitimuri xdeba is,<br />

rac akrZaluli <strong>da</strong> CaxSobili iyo _ a<strong>da</strong>mianis survilebi,<br />

romlebic represiis Sedegad „gaukuRmarTebuli“,<br />

perversiuli saxiT amotivtivdeba Semoqmedi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis imaginarul, anu warmosaxviT samyaroSi. es<br />

faqtori ki ukve radikalurad cvlis xelovani a<strong>da</strong>mianis,<br />

rogorc xelovnebis subieqtis paradigmas: is<br />

RvTisgan boZebuli zea<strong>da</strong>mianuri unarebiT <strong>da</strong>jildoebuli<br />

RmerTkaci ki aRaraa, aramed sigiJis zRvarze<br />

myofi, garyvnili <strong>da</strong> amoraluri fantaziebis<br />

patroni, romelsac sircxvilis grZnoba aqvs <strong>da</strong>karguli<br />

<strong>da</strong> sakuTar uintimures detalebsac ki sajarod<br />

yvelas acnobs. jer kidev XIX saukuneSi gavrcel<strong>da</strong><br />

azri, rom genialuroba fsiqopaTiis nairsaxeobaa.

poststruqturalizmis erT-erTi pirveli Teoretikosi<br />

rolan bartis azriT ki, „yvela mwerals Seu-<br />

Zlia Tqvas: sigiJemde ver vqaCav, janmrTelad yofnas<br />

ver vkadrulob, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me nevrotuli var“.<br />

iseve rogorc nevrozebis, xelovnebis „negativebic“<br />

perversiebia. XX saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze<br />

skan<strong>da</strong>luri mwerali <strong>da</strong> Teoretikosi JorJ batai Tavis<br />

Teoriul naSromSi, romelsac „literatura <strong>da</strong><br />

boroteba“ ewodeba, ase gansazRvravs literaturis<br />

arss: „literatura... borotebis mwvaved gamoxatuli<br />

formaa, Tavad borotebaa... es debuleba ara moralis<br />

arqonas, aramed zemorals moiTxovs“. amgvari<br />

„zemorali“ yofiTi samyaros zneobriv normativebze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>bijebas niSnavs. aqve gasaxsenebelia lotmanis<br />

azric, rom yoveli axali, novatoruli mxatvruli<br />

forma, „tradiciuli azris matarebelTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ukanonod <strong>da</strong> maTi grZnobebis Seuracxmyofla<strong>da</strong>c ki<br />

fasdeba; esaa Sokis momgvreli metafora, romelic<br />

SemoqmedebiTi aqtis Sedegia“. anu Semdgari SemoqmedebiTi<br />

aqti ukve Tavis<strong>da</strong>uneburad <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli<br />

formebisa <strong>da</strong> normebis ngrevas an maTgan gamijvnas,<br />

maT uaryofasac iwvevs. amdenad, sruliad bunebri-<br />

via isic, rom tradicionalistebi mas sakuTar Rirebulebebze<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmad aRiqvamen. amis sapirispirod,<br />

ideologiuri fsevdo-xelovneba sicocxlisgan <strong>da</strong>clili<br />

<strong>da</strong> didi xnis gaxunebuli mkv<strong>da</strong>ri formebis<br />

kvlavwarmoebiTaa <strong>da</strong>kavebuli, romlebic wmin<strong>da</strong>d<br />

propagandistuli Sinaarsis gar<strong>da</strong>, aranair emociur<br />

muxts ar gadmoscemen. esaa frigiduli xelovneba an<br />

xelovnebis surogati, romelic ara cocxali a<strong>da</strong>mianebisaTvis,<br />

aramed zombebisaTvisaa gankuTvnili,<br />

maT kidev ufro metad <strong>da</strong>sakabaleblad <strong>da</strong> maTSi<br />

sicocxlis impulsebis kidev ufro metad gasaneitraleblad.<br />

xelovneba imdena<strong>da</strong>a dinamikuri <strong>da</strong> cocxali,<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mas axali formebis, metaforebis,<br />

gamosaxvis saSualebebis warmoqmna SeuZlia,<br />

romlebic Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad perversiad <strong>da</strong> uxamsobad<br />

aRiqmeba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebaSi <strong>da</strong>Zabuloba Semoaqvs.<br />

gansakuTrebiT aRSfoTebulia sazogadoebis is nawili,<br />

romelic xelovnebis nawarmoebSi sakuTar Tavs,<br />

sakuTar verrealizebul <strong>da</strong> CaxSobil grZnobebs<br />

saavtoro<br />

amoicnobs. aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi sakuTar farul vnebebs<br />

gaSiSvlebulsa <strong>da</strong> mxilebuls xe<strong>da</strong>ven, rogorc dostoevskis<br />

romanis „<strong>da</strong>naSaulisa <strong>da</strong> sasjelis“ mTavar<br />

protagonists, rodion raskolnikovs quCaSi yurmokruli<br />

fraza „mkvlelo!“ mis pirovnul samxilad<br />

eCveneba. aseve xelovnebis nawarmoebis SinaarsiTa<br />

Tu formiT aRSfoTebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianic mas Tavis pirovnul<br />

„lustraciad“ <strong>da</strong> Seuracxyofad iRebs.<br />

rodesac xelovneba Tavis perversiulobas kargavs<br />

<strong>da</strong> sayovelTaod misaRebi <strong>da</strong> xelmisawvdomi<br />

xdeba, banalur stereotipad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva, romelic<br />

pirvandel mniSvnelobas icvlis <strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT<br />

ideologiuri instrumentis funqciasac iZens. rolan<br />

barti literaturul Txzulebas usaqcielo<br />

pirovnebas a<strong>da</strong>rebs, romelic „mama-politikas ukanals<br />

aCvenebs“. „mama-politika“ aq konservatoruli<br />

azrovnebis, ideologiuri kulturis statikurobis<br />

simboloa, romelic „Svilebisgan“ morCilebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> qedmoxrilobas moiTxovs <strong>da</strong> nebismieri sasicocxlo<br />

formis aqtiobis gamovlinebas SeCvenebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

CaxSobiT emuqreba. mxatvruli nawarmoebiT amgvari<br />

avtoritetebisa <strong>da</strong> cenzorebis mimarT is SiSi <strong>da</strong><br />

mowiweba ga<strong>da</strong>ilaxeba, romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianis sasicocxlo<br />

energiebis <strong>da</strong>Trgunviskenaa mimarTuli. Tuki<br />

civilizaciis, wesrigiani samyaros arqetipi Tavisuflebis<br />

CaxSobaa, Semoqmedeba am <strong>da</strong>karguli Tavisuflebis<br />

ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebisa <strong>da</strong> misi gancdis, sulieri<br />

travmebisa <strong>da</strong> tkivilebisgan gankurnebis erTader-<br />

Ti saSualebacaa. amdenad Semoqmedebas, raoden cinikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> „borotic“, „garyvnilebisa“ <strong>da</strong> „perversiebis“<br />

gamomsaxvelic un<strong>da</strong> iyos igi, Terapiuli<br />

funqcia aqvs ara mxolod avtorisaTvis, aramed misi<br />

mimRebi <strong>da</strong> gamgebi auditoriisTvisac. aqve gasagebia<br />

avtoritaruli ideologiuri organizaciebis,<br />

rogoricaa eklesia, xelovnebisadmi SiSi <strong>da</strong> zizRi,<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c xelovnebas, zogjer Sokuri, zogjer ki<br />

ufro Sefaruli <strong>da</strong> SeniRbuli formiT a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi<br />

sicocxlisa <strong>da</strong> Tavisuflebisaken ltolvis impulsebis<br />

gamZafreba SeuZlia. es ki a<strong>da</strong>mianis nebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

survilebis <strong>da</strong>mTrgunvel instituciebs <strong>da</strong>sayrdensa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Zalauflebas aclis.<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 87

gagrZeleba<br />

erTi saaTi TbilisisTvis<br />

ob<strong>da</strong>, saqarTveloSi axali, Signi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

warmoqmnili barieri gaCn<strong>da</strong><br />

avangardisa <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove xelovnebisTvis.<br />

es iyo komerciulobis<br />

<strong>da</strong> prestiJulobis gafetiSeba.<br />

arakomerciuli aq warumatebel-<br />

Tan <strong>da</strong> uiRblosTan gaigiv<strong>da</strong>, ri-<br />

Tac, TavisTavad win wamoiwia Tanamedrove<br />

art konteqstebisTvis<br />

miuRebelma salonurma Rirebulebebma.<br />

saqarTveloSi burJuaziuli<br />

kultura bolomde ver Semovi<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> mdidruli, Tanamedrove galereebi<br />

naklebad Seiqmna. moskovs,<br />

rogorc megapoliss, aseTi pretenziis<br />

meti Sansi hqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> albaT<br />

amitomac, Tavs iseTi fufunebis<br />

uflebac misca, rom sakuTar<br />

kulturaSi wamyvan generatorad<br />

<strong>da</strong>etovebina araformaluri xelovneba.<br />

marTlac, dRes kabakovi muzeu-<br />

mebSia, bugaevs, igive afrikas, niu-<br />

iorkSi xSirad naxavT <strong>da</strong> CelsiSic<br />

gamoifineba, german vinogradovi<br />

moskovSi, isev sakuTar samsarTulian<br />

binaSi atarebs grandiozul<br />

alqimiur-Samanur-musikalur performansebs<br />

yovel kvira dRes, Tu<br />

evropul turneebze ar aris wasuli.<br />

bartenevi sabWoTa xelovnebis<br />

magnatTan, zurab wereTelTan er-<br />

Tad awyobs erTobliv samxatvro<br />

seansebs. Jana aguzarova <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />

rusi artistebi ameriki<strong>da</strong>n isev<br />

ruseTs <strong>da</strong>ubrundnen. TbilisSic,<br />

`meaTe sarTulTan~ <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

artistebi yovelwliurad axal<br />

samuSaos gvTavazoben. awyoben gamofenebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> isini dResac progresuli<br />

inteleqtualuri dizainis<br />

birTvs warmoadgenen. <strong>da</strong> mainc, am<br />

yvelafris institucionalizacia<br />

jer kidev ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra, <strong>da</strong> is Cven-<br />

diletantis mogzauroba poloneTSi<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

studenturi amboxeba mickeviCis<br />

poema `papebis~ akrZalviT <strong>da</strong>iwyo,<br />

magram xelisuflebis mier `Segdebuli~<br />

xazis wyalobiT, male<br />

antisemitizmis niSnebi SeiZina.<br />

maSin am ambebma Seiwira mwerali<br />

iasenica, romelic studentebis<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel moTxovnebs mxars<br />

aqtiurad uWer<strong>da</strong>. iasenicas ciliswamebis<br />

talRa <strong>da</strong>aty<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

gulma veRar gauZlo. es iyo `swori<br />

polonelebis~ xelSi Cadebuli<br />

samarTeblis namdvili msxverpli.<br />

Julavskis, SeiZleba qvecnobiera<strong>da</strong>c,<br />

raRac metis Tqma undo<strong>da</strong> _<br />

mowesrigebulobaSi, sworxazovnebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> meinstrimulSi <strong>da</strong>malul<br />

safrTxeze miTiTeba.<br />

ajanyebebi <strong>da</strong> qalebi<br />

`ra aris poloneTi bolos <strong>da</strong><br />

bolos, _ uTqvams erT rus diplomats<br />

varSavaSi, banketze, _ bevri<br />

kartofili, vaSli <strong>da</strong> `straikebi,<br />

straikebi~... diplomati mTvrali<br />

iyo <strong>da</strong> mTavari <strong>da</strong>aviwy<strong>da</strong> _ poloneli<br />

qalebi. Tanac bolo ori<br />

elementi erTmaneTs mWidrod ukavSirdeba.<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c ajanyebebi iyo,<br />

iyvnen poloneli qalebic, rogorc<br />

STagonebis, suliskveTebis<br />

wyaro. nikoloz I-s uyvar<strong>da</strong> poloneli<br />

qalebi, <strong>da</strong> Tan, mgoni, cota<br />

eSino<strong>da</strong> kidec maTi, imitom rom<br />

poloneTSi momsaxure Svils, momaval<br />

imperators werilSi afrTxileb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

_ frTxilad iyavi magaT-<br />

Tan, raRac magiuri momnusxveli<br />

Zala aqvTo. vfiqrob, saqme ufro<br />

martivad iyo _ am qveynis specifikurma<br />

bedma Seqmna gansakuTrebuli<br />

qali, eris inteleqtis, <strong>da</strong><br />

kidev ufro metad, suliskveTebis<br />

matarebeli.<br />

1864 wels, sisxlSi CaxSobili<br />

ajanyebi<strong>da</strong>n TiTqmis erTi wlis<br />

Semdeg nikolozi varSavaSi Cavi<strong>da</strong>.<br />

iqaur elitas `Jesti~, Tu<br />

raRac amis msgavsi gaukeTa, Tan<br />

Tvalsac wyals <strong>da</strong>alevineb<strong>da</strong>. magram<br />

imperatori swored maT <strong>da</strong>zafres,<br />

visi wyalobis imedic<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong>. poloneTis yvelaze war-<br />

90 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

Cinebuli, yvelaze lamazi qalebi<br />

sazeimo mejlisze sruli samgloviaro<br />

`amuniciiT~ <strong>da</strong>xvdnen, imdeni<br />

TavSekavebiT, ris saSualebasac<br />

etiketi (mainc maTi imperatori<br />

iyo) iZleo<strong>da</strong>. erTaderTi samkauli,<br />

rac im dRes <strong>da</strong>rbazSi ekeTaT,<br />

foladis iyo: sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sjili<br />

poloneli oficrebis ojaxebma<br />

maTi iaraRi ga<strong>da</strong>adnes <strong>da</strong> maT<strong>da</strong>mi<br />

pativis misagebad es mouxeSavi,<br />

ubralo saprotesto samkauli <strong>da</strong>amzadebines.<br />

varSavis saxelmwifo<br />

muzeumSi erTi <strong>da</strong>rbazia, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

mxolod am qalebis portretebia<br />

gamofenili. am suraTebze isini<br />

swored ise gamoiyurebian, rogorc<br />

nikoloz I-s <strong>da</strong>xvdnen.<br />

polonuri tradiciiT, qali pasiur,<br />

simyudrovis Semqmnel arsebad<br />

sulac ar ganixilebo<strong>da</strong>; piriqiT,<br />

is qmni<strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rts, maRal<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rts, romelic mamakacs modunebis<br />

saSualebas ar aZlev<strong>da</strong>,<br />

myudro cxovrebas urRvev<strong>da</strong>, Seurigeblobisken<br />

mouwodeb<strong>da</strong>. es sadRac<br />

oci wlis asakSi, bulat okujavas<br />

`diletantebis mogzaurobis~<br />

wakiTxvam Semaxsena. romanSi mTeli<br />

poloneTi am or qalSi, araordinarul<br />

de<strong>da</strong>-SvilSi iyris Tavs. cnobili<br />

ambavia, colebi, marto rus<br />

dekabristebs ki ara, me-19 saukunis<br />

polonel meamboxeebsac mihyvebodnen<br />

cimbirSi, magram, Tu Cemi STabeWdileba<br />

sworia, es ambavi poloneTSi<br />

iseTi miTologizebuli araa,<br />

rogorc ruseTSi.<br />

`retradicionalizacia~:<br />

tradiciaze ga<strong>da</strong>bijebiT<br />

oTxmociani wlebi poloneTSic,<br />

iseve rogorc sabWoTa kavSirSi,<br />

saintereso <strong>da</strong> cocxali periodi<br />

iyo, Tumca, iq _ amas Semawuxebeli<br />

siRaribec axl<strong>da</strong>, radgan aRmosavleT<br />

blokis krizisi pirvelad<br />

am qveyanaSi gamomJRavn<strong>da</strong>. uRaribesi<br />

Sliaxtis devizi _ `Sarvals<br />

vyidi, fraks vitoveb~ _ cocxalia,<br />

rogorc arasdros. magram ai,<br />

bloki <strong>da</strong>Slilia <strong>da</strong> masSi Semaval<br />

qveynebs Tavisufali ganviTare-<br />

bis saSualeba eZlevaT. `postkomunistebTan~<br />

(iaroslav kaCinskis<br />

sayvareli terminia) brZolaSi,<br />

mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc maSin, roca Sarvlis<br />

gayidvis aucilebloba aRar dgas<br />

_ polonuri ekonomikuri reformis<br />

mamis, balceroviCis TqmiT,<br />

qveyanas aseTi xelsayreli periodi<br />

300 welia, aRar hqonia _ ibadeba<br />

axali filisteruli tendencia,<br />

romlis gaCena TiTqos bunebrivia,<br />

magram garkveul safrTxeebs Seicavs:<br />

retradicionalizacia. poloneTSi<br />

am mimarTulebas romis<br />

papis polonelobam, misma ganuzomelma<br />

avtoritetmac Seuwyo xeli.<br />

polonelebis didi nawilisTvis<br />

am periodSi yvelaferi gasagebia;<br />

arsebobs ideali, romelic, Tu<br />

memarcxenuli Zalebis kritikas<br />

ar CavTvliT, unakloa, srulyofilebaa.<br />

es tendencia dualurad<br />

iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Zvel, polonur<br />

tradiciasTan: imeoreb<strong>da</strong>, magram,<br />

rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,<br />

Tanac uaryof<strong>da</strong> mxolod misTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel niSnebs, <strong>da</strong>, ra<br />

Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, qalis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebazec<br />

iqonia gavlena.<br />

polonuri feminizmi saTaves mecxramete<br />

saukunis pirvel wlebSi<br />

iRebs, <strong>da</strong> dRevandlamde, ase iTvleba,<br />

Svid talRad aRwevs. bunebrivia,<br />

ori didi, 1831 <strong>da</strong> 1863-64<br />

wlebis amboxeba qalebis rolis<br />

gaaqtiurebas iwvevs. feminizmis<br />

meore talRa swored am periodze<br />

modis. ormocian wlebSi qveyanaSi<br />

Zlieria JorJ sandis <strong>da</strong> `la gazet<br />

de fam~-is gavlena; iqmneba qalebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>jgufeba `enTuziastki~; pirveli<br />

filosofosi qali eleonora zimiencka<br />

wers `mosazrebebs qalTa<br />

aRzrdis Sesaxeb~, romelic qalSi<br />

jer a<strong>da</strong>mianis, pirovnebis aRzrdis<br />

aucileblobas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, Semdeg<br />

ki _ qaluri sawyisis. magram mgoni,<br />

arc erT talRas ar Sexvedria<br />

iseTi winaaRmdegoba, rogorc ukanasknels,<br />

romlis warmomadgenlebs<br />

kaTolikuri eklesiis mzardi<br />

gavlenis pirobebSi mouwiaT cxovreba.<br />

1993 wels qveyanaSi oficia-

lurad aikrZala abortebi, ramdenime<br />

wlis Semdeg ki _ sqesobrivi<br />

aRzrdis gakveTilebi skolebSi.<br />

SeCer<strong>da</strong> kontracefciasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />

Sirebuli saxelmwifo programebi.<br />

Tu es xdebo<strong>da</strong> kvaSnevskis prezidentobis<br />

periodSi, romelic ka-<br />

Tolikuri platformiT ar mosula,<br />

`kanonis <strong>da</strong> samarTlianobis~<br />

xelisuflebaSi mosvlis Semdeg<br />

tendencia mxolod gaZlier<strong>da</strong>.<br />

morwmune polonuri ojaxebis didma<br />

nawilma CaTvala, rom sami k-s<br />

biurgeruli kombinacia qalisTvis<br />

sruliad sakmarisia.<br />

samociani-oTxmociani wlebis<br />

poloneTi rus mwerals viqtor<br />

erofeevs ase warmoedgina: `es iyo<br />

axalgazr<strong>da</strong>, aRtyinebuli, ga<strong>da</strong>reuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> aRviraxsnili poloneTi,<br />

romelsac mis <strong>da</strong>uZinebel mter-<br />

Tan, sabWoTa kavSirTan yvelaferi<br />

brwyinvaled gasdio<strong>da</strong>. mis fonze,<br />

poloneTi TvalismomWrel, lamaz<br />

qalad Can<strong>da</strong>, romelic mokle kabas<br />

atareb<strong>da</strong>, rok-n-rols cekvav<strong>da</strong>,<br />

uZilo Rameebis Semdeg kosCiolSi<br />

loculob<strong>da</strong>... Cven yvelam gamoviareT<br />

aseTi poloneTiT aRfrTovanebis<br />

periodi~. magram is poloneTi<br />

aRar aris. axla mas sakuTar<br />

TavTan uwevs brZola. `paradoqsuli<br />

ram mox<strong>da</strong> _ sovietizmis kraxis<br />

Semdeg poloneTs raRac sxva<br />

`sabWouroba~ <strong>da</strong>emarTa. glexuri<br />

sijiute. eklesiisadmi usazRvro<br />

ndoba, TiTqmis iseTi, rogorc<br />

sabWoeTSi _ partiis mimarT, politikuri<br />

niSnuli gax<strong>da</strong>. qveynis<br />

beds ironiulRimiliani kverTxisTavebi<br />

wyveten, romlebsac nacionalizmis,<br />

antisemitizmis <strong>da</strong><br />

provinciuli mesianobis wylulebi<br />

awuxebT. poloneli inteligencia,<br />

romelic am skan<strong>da</strong>lur ambavs SeuiaraRebeli<br />

TvaliT xe<strong>da</strong>vs, <strong>da</strong>berebul,<br />

ususur qals <strong>da</strong>emsgavsa,<br />

radgan Tavisuflebis wlebSi misi<br />

roli sabazro ekonomikis kanonebs<br />

<strong>da</strong>umorCiles~.<br />

lex kaCinski, poloneTis <strong>da</strong>Rupuli<br />

prezidenti, Zveli, ruseT-<br />

Tan mZafrad <strong>da</strong>pirispirebuli, ka-<br />

Tolikuri poloneTis Svili iyo,<br />

faseulobebis Sesabamisi paketiT.<br />

saerTod, aSkaraa, rom tradiciuli<br />

qarTul-polonuri soli<strong>da</strong>roba<br />

swored am pakets efuZneba.<br />

axalgazr<strong>da</strong>, gansxvavebuli poloneTi<br />

nakleba<strong>da</strong>a cnobili. masTan<br />

urTierTobas safuZvlad isev Zveli<br />

tradicia udevs, magram SeiZleba<br />

male es sakmarisi aRar iyos.<br />

poloneTi yvelasia<br />

roca kaCinskis erT-erT interviuSi<br />

hkiTxes, Tu ras fiqrobs<br />

poloneTis kaTolicizirebaze<br />

(ucnaurad <strong>da</strong>smuli kiTxvaa, magram<br />

azri, mgoni, gasagebia), man<br />

upasuxa, _ `es qveynis deqristianizebas<br />

gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong>, me ki es ar<br />

min<strong>da</strong>, mxolod imitom ki ara, rom<br />

morwmune var, aramed imis gamoc,<br />

rom sxva, yvelasaTvis misaRebi<br />

arCevani ar gvaqvs. xSirad mixdeba<br />

erT magi<strong>da</strong>sTan iseT a<strong>da</strong>mianeb-<br />

Tan jdoma, visi azrebic Cemsas ar<br />

emTxveva, <strong>da</strong> maT mimarT simpaTii-<br />

Tac ki var ganwyobili~. Tumca,<br />

roca misi merobis periodSi gei<br />

organizaciebma aRlumis Catarebis<br />

moTxovniT mimarTes, kaCinskim<br />

maT ganucxa<strong>da</strong>, rom pativs scems<br />

maT moqalaqeobriv uflebebs, magram<br />

ara _ maTi, rogorc geebis,<br />

uflebas.<br />

poloneTs hqon<strong>da</strong> Sansi, gansxvavebulTa<br />

Soris iseTi TanaarsebobisTvis<br />

mieRwia, rogorzec wignis<br />

`<strong>da</strong>umorCilebelTa geneologiis~<br />

avtori wer<strong>da</strong>: `iqneb am gansjam<br />

imaT argos, vinc morwmuneebs <strong>da</strong><br />

urwmunoebs Soris arsebul zRvars<br />

barikadebad aRiqvams... eklesiis<br />

gare eTikuri tradiciebis<br />

mimdevrebma ukuagdon miTi<br />

antihumanisturi qristianobis<br />

Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> saxarebas mimarTon...<br />

qristianma ki gaacnobieros, rom<br />

eklesiis gareT myofi misi TanamoZme<br />

eTikur vakuumSi ar cxovrobs,<br />

aramed masaviT _ <strong>da</strong> masaviT<br />

mouqnelad _ cdilobs sakuTari<br />

zneobrivi kodeqsis xorcSesxmas.<br />

am kodeqsSi asaxulia Tav<strong>da</strong>pirve-<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

li sikeTe <strong>da</strong> samaridiso WeSmariteba,<br />

romelsac yvela Cvengani ase<br />

eZiebs <strong>da</strong> ase xSirad Ralatobs~.<br />

arsebobs kidev erTi polonuri<br />

ideali, romelic iagelonuri<br />

(didi, Wreli _ rac gnebavT, is<br />

<strong>da</strong>varqvaT _ roca sityva polonelisaTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel Semwynareblobaze<br />

Camovardeba, sabuTad<br />

iagelonuri xana moaqvT xolme)<br />

poloneTis safuZvelSi devs. roca<br />

poloneTis <strong>da</strong> litvis samefoebi<br />

dinastiuri qorwinebiT erTiandebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

1413 wels am movlenis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebel<br />

gorodlos uniaSi<br />

Caiwera: `mxolod siyvaruli araa<br />

amaoeba: siyvaruli sxivosania, wyenas<br />

aSuSebs, mSvidobas amkvidrebs,<br />

<strong>da</strong>yofilT aerTianebs, <strong>da</strong>cemulT<br />

fexze wamoayenebs...siyvaruli qmnis<br />

kanonebs, samefoebs marTavs, qalaqebs<br />

safuZvels uyris... amis gamoa,<br />

rom Cven, aq erTad Tavmoyrilebi,<br />

siyvarulis farqveS Tavis modrekis<br />

msurvelebi <strong>da</strong> misadmi wmin<strong>da</strong> grZnobiT<br />

aRvsilebi am qaRaldiT va<strong>da</strong>sturebT,<br />

rom Cveni saxlebis <strong>da</strong><br />

ojaxebis SeerTeba <strong>da</strong> Sekvra gvsurs~.<br />

erTianobaze saubari legen<strong>da</strong>ruli<br />

`soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCis~ wlebTan<br />

gvabrunebs, roca ideologiurad<br />

<strong>da</strong>pirispirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi brZolis<br />

strategias erTad irCevdnen,<br />

ramac muSebis <strong>da</strong> inteligenciis<br />

`gaugonari, SesaSuri fenomeni~<br />

Seqmna. amis gamo, g<strong>da</strong>nskis gemTm-<br />

Senebeli qarxnis muSebTan soli<strong>da</strong>ruli<br />

Zalebic erTiandebodnen:<br />

norvegiaSi maoistebi konservatorebTan<br />

erTad gamoxatavdnen protests<br />

poloneTis movlenebis Taobaze,<br />

safrangeTSi _ trockistebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> qristianuli profkavSirebi, inglisSi<br />

_ memarcxeneebi <strong>da</strong> konservatori<br />

inteleqtualebi. indoeTSi<br />

g<strong>da</strong>nskis ambebi<strong>da</strong>n ori wlis Semdegac<br />

ki saxlebis fasadebze didi<br />

asoebiT ewera: `imperialisturo<br />

sabWoeTo: xelebi Sors poloneTisagan!~<br />

`rogorc wesi, mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras<br />

erT romelime movlenas an memarjveneebi<br />

ucxadeben, an memarcxeneebi,<br />

magram `soli<strong>da</strong>rnosCma~ amis<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 91

gagrZeleba<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>laxva moaxerxa. `ratom vuWerdi<br />

mxars soli<strong>da</strong>robas? imitom rom<br />

miyvars imis keTeba, rac sakuTar<br />

Tavze maRla mayenebs~, _ wer<strong>da</strong><br />

wlebis Semdeg erT-erTi norvegieli<br />

aqtivisti.<br />

...<br />

am dReebSi rene harlinis filmis<br />

nawyveti vnaxe _ kadrebi, roca<br />

oTxi prezidenti parlamentis SenobasTan<br />

Sekrebili mwared <strong>da</strong>marcxebuli<br />

qarTveli xalxis winaSe<br />

gamodis; xalxis, romelsac hgonia,<br />

rom gaimarjva. mere prezidentebi<br />

erTmaneTs xelebs sWideben <strong>da</strong><br />

maRla sweven. erT-erTi lex ka-<br />

Cinskia, im dReebis soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />

gansaxiereba. ukanasknel wuTs yvelaferi<br />

Tvalwin <strong>da</strong>midga. es scena;<br />

polonelebis mier sul cota xnis<br />

win gancdili el<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> naRveli; ka-<br />

Cinskis foto, romelic im dReebSi<br />

nanax aTas sxva suraTs Soris<br />

mexsierebaSi CamrCa, <strong>da</strong> romelzec<br />

kaCinski polonuri droSis winaSe<br />

muxlebze dgas. suraTi RamiTaa<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli, rac atmosferos in-<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ Canawerebi<br />

mxolod am movleni<strong>da</strong>n didi xnis<br />

Semdeg <strong>da</strong>brun<strong>da</strong> abstraqcia TeatrSi.<br />

1944 weli, krakovi. Teatri<br />

nangrevebad iqca. abstraqtuli<br />

xelovneba poloneTSi mxolod<br />

omamde arsebob<strong>da</strong>. ebraelTa genocidis<br />

Semdeg igi gaqra. gasagebia,<br />

rom aseT viTarebaSi abstraqtuli<br />

xelovnebis idea kvdeba,<br />

radgan is sisastikis msxverplia.<br />

omis Semdgomi realoba bevrad<br />

ufro saSinelia, xolo xelovnebis<br />

idealizaciis mcdeloba umweo<br />

<strong>da</strong> ususuri.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis simxecem gamoricxa<br />

xelovneba <strong>da</strong>, rac pirvelad moxv<strong>da</strong><br />

xelSi, swored is aqcia xelovnebis<br />

iaraRad. amitom codva,<br />

SurisZieba Tu <strong>da</strong>naSauli moralis<br />

kategorii<strong>da</strong>n xelovnebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavad Seqmna axali, socialuri<br />

ena; miT umetes, agresiuli<br />

saSualebebiT aRbeWdil droSi.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani sinamdvileSi carieli <strong>da</strong><br />

ufunqcio gax<strong>da</strong>, rogorc oTxTvalas<br />

<strong>da</strong>matebuli mexuTe borbali.<br />

an yovlad usargeblo, brWyviala<br />

nivTi omis dros, roca yvelas<br />

puri enatreba.<br />

`odisevsis <strong>da</strong>brunebaSi~ penelope<br />

mudmivad samzareuloSia, skamze<br />

zis. misTvis principulia swored<br />

`adgilze jdoma~, anu es qmedeba<br />

misi upirvelesi a<strong>da</strong>mianuri movaleobaa.<br />

amdenad penelopes skamma<br />

scenuri dekoraciis mniSvneloba<br />

<strong>da</strong>karga <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>tvirTva SeiZina.<br />

igi msaxiobis metoqe gax<strong>da</strong>. magram<br />

ukve Teatrisa <strong>da</strong> reJisoris amocanaa,<br />

rogor ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos a<strong>da</strong>mianebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> sagnebis konfliqti.<br />

ferfli <strong>da</strong> almasi<br />

meoce saukunis polonuri Teatraluri<br />

reJisura pirobiTad<br />

or mimarTulebad iyofa. pirveli<br />

_ reJisorebi, romelTa interesi<br />

mimarTulia a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sinagani samyarosken.<br />

filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri<br />

Tu religiuri problemebisadmi,<br />

anu `introspeqtiuli<br />

reJisura~ (anjei vai<strong>da</strong>, eJi groto-<br />

vski, konrad Svinarski) <strong>da</strong> meore _<br />

reJisorebi, romelTac ufro gare<br />

samyaro <strong>da</strong> forma ainteresebT.<br />

kritikosebi am ukanasknelT<br />

`permanentul avangardistebs~<br />

uwodeben (a<strong>da</strong>m xanuSkeviCi, TadeuS<br />

kantori, iozef Saina), romelTa<br />

Semoqmedebam didi gavlena<br />

moaxdina Tanamedrove mxatvrobasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> performansis ganviTarebaze.<br />

gasagebia, rom nebismieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>yofa pirobiTia, magram `avangardistebSi”<br />

kantoris rols <strong>da</strong><br />

mniSvnelobas misi yvelaze didi<br />

kritikosebic ki ver uaryofen.<br />

albaT imitom, rom mis SemoqmedebaSi<br />

gamokveTilad igrZnoba<br />

piesis teqstisa <strong>da</strong> scenuri moqmedebis<br />

gancalkevebisa <strong>da</strong> sagnebis<br />

qmedebad gar<strong>da</strong>saxvis gansacvifrebeli<br />

unari <strong>da</strong> xarisxi.<br />

kantorma SeZlo, rom msaxiobi<br />

xan ilustratorad, xan sagnad<br />

<strong>da</strong> xanac `moTamaSe~ manekenad<br />

eqcia, magram ise, rom misTvis<br />

profesionaluri Seuracxyofa<br />

ar mieyenebina. misi Teatraluri<br />

azrovneba <strong>da</strong> speqtaklis forma<br />

uaryofs aqtioris gar<strong>da</strong>saxvas,<br />

niWs. ase vTqvaT, `TamaSis xelovnebas~.<br />

kantorma Teatrs sagangebod<br />

gamoacala stanislavskisTvis<br />

aucilebeli iaraRi _ gar<strong>da</strong>saxva.<br />

msaxiobis pirovnulma neitralizaciam<br />

ki poloneli reJisori<br />

Teatraluri enis revoluciur<br />

cvlilebamde miiyvana. swored<br />

amitom uwodeb<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze<br />

sakuTar Teatrs xan `nulovan<br />

Teatrs~, xan `sagnisa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis~<br />

Teatrs, vidre Semoqmedebis<br />

bolos ar mivi<strong>da</strong> `mkv<strong>da</strong>r Teatramde~.<br />

xolo am rTul wertilamde<br />

misaRwevad mas `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~<br />

gakveTili <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Segnebulad movitoveT finalisTvis<br />

kantoris yvelaze didi<br />

speqtaklebi <strong>da</strong> misi Semoqmedebis<br />

umniSvnelovani periodi, 70-80iani<br />

wlebi. kantori Txzavs warmodgenebs<br />

ucnaur personaJebze;<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebze, romlebic didi xnis<br />

win gar<strong>da</strong>icvalnen, magram reJi-<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

soris fantaziam isini mkrTalad<br />

ganaTebul scenaze cocxlad <strong>da</strong>abruna.<br />

es cikli xuT speqtakls<br />

moicavs: `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasi~ (1975),<br />

`velopole, velopole~ (1980),<br />

`<strong>da</strong>e, gaiqcnen msaxiobebi~ (1985),<br />

`me aq arasdros <strong>da</strong>vbrundebi~<br />

(1988), `dRes Cemi <strong>da</strong>badebis dRea~<br />

(1990). am ukanaskneli speqtaklis<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgma reJisorma ver SeZlo. igi<br />

avadmyofob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> repeticiebis<br />

dros gar<strong>da</strong>icvala.<br />

yvela am speqtakls erTi Tema<br />

_ sikvdili aerTianebs <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />

es cvlis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />

mayureblis mxri<strong>da</strong>n. Tumca reJisorisTvis<br />

es `personaluri aRsarebaa~<br />

(misi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT),<br />

romelsac xSirad mis mimarT personaJebi<br />

ver `imeteben~. isini ganuwyvetliv<br />

sadRac garbian, sadRac<br />

eCqarebaT... <strong>da</strong> sabolood erT mocucqnul<br />

saklaso oTaxSi amoyofen<br />

Tavs, sa<strong>da</strong>c grZel, nacrisfer<br />

merxebze Camwkrivdebian. sakuTar<br />

manekenebTan erTad sikvdilis Sesagebeblad<br />

Tu gasabrazeblad valsis<br />

ritms <strong>da</strong>elodebian. swored es<br />

aris `mkv<strong>da</strong>ri klasis~ mTavari Tema<br />

_ mosalodnel sikvdilTan Sexvedra.<br />

oRond reJisori gvafrTxilebs,<br />

rom personaJebma sakuTari<br />

bediswera ukve ician... albaT, rogorc<br />

10 aprils, 15 wuTiT adre,<br />

`tu-135~-is Camovardnamde. <strong>da</strong> am<br />

dros Zveli polonuri gamoTqmebi,<br />

SemTxveviTi bibliuri frazebi,<br />

usistemo laTinizmebi, tangos<br />

fragmentebi, samxedro marSebi <strong>da</strong><br />

sasacilo sabavSvo leqsebi _ yvelaferi<br />

is, rac JRers speqtaklSi,<br />

gansacvifrebel <strong>da</strong> winaswarmetyvelur<br />

<strong>da</strong>tvirTvas iZens!<br />

amitomac pan TadeuS kantors<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvianebiT vuxdiT madlobas im<br />

Semzaravi simarTlisaTvis, rasTanac<br />

misi `sikvdilis Teatri~ gvaaxloebs.<br />

xolo roca Teatrs aseTi<br />

kultura aqvs, aseTi TviTrefleqsiis<br />

<strong>da</strong> tragikuli ironiis unari,<br />

es niSnavs, rom qveyana yvelafers<br />

gauZlebs <strong>da</strong> icocxlebs.<br />

es niSnavs Jeszcze Polska nie zginela!<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 93

gagrZeleba<br />

Zalian saxifaTo frau mainhofi<br />

om faSisturi memkvidreoba uamrav<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians amosvlo<strong>da</strong> yelSi. amas wer<strong>da</strong><br />

giunter valrafi. amas wer<strong>da</strong><br />

hainrix bioli. 1978 wlis oqtomber-<br />

Si bremenSi ufrosklaselTa 40-aTasiani<br />

demonstracia skandireb<strong>da</strong>:<br />

`RAF marTalia, Tqven faSistebi<br />

xarT~.<br />

<strong>da</strong> am dros gairkva, rom ganaCenis<br />

molodinSi saknebSi msxdomma<br />

wiTeli armiis fraqciis meTaurebma<br />

Tavi moikles. sxvaTa Soris, Zalian<br />

sainteresod:<br />

Stamhaimis cixeSi patimrebi<br />

`mkv<strong>da</strong>ri derefnebis~ sistema-<br />

Si isxdnen, anu TiTo derefanSi _<br />

TiTo patimari TiTo sakanSi. yovel<br />

or kviraSi erTxel saknebs cvlidnen.<br />

es cixe betoniTaa nagebi, xazgasmiT<br />

weren: `gansakuTrebiT mtkice<br />

betoniT~. patimrebs ki, nu ityvi,<br />

kedlebSi samalavebi gauTxriaT <strong>da</strong><br />

Sig saocari nivTebi <strong>da</strong>umalavT _<br />

iaraRi, asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis<br />

maragi, radiomimRebebi. es ise,<br />

sxvaTa Soris iTqva. mTavaria, rom<br />

cacia baaderma marjvena xeliT<br />

sakuTar kefaSi isrola. gudrun<br />

enslinma Werze, kauWze Camoixr-<br />

Co Tavi, oRond iq rogor aZvra <strong>da</strong><br />

eleqtrogayvanilobis mavTuli sai<strong>da</strong>n<br />

moitana _ gaugebaria. sruliad<br />

cariel sakanSi CamoixrCo Tavi ulrike<br />

mainhofmac.<br />

ase amboben.<br />

ulrike mainhofis werili mkv<strong>da</strong>ri<br />

derefni<strong>da</strong>n,16.6.72-<strong>da</strong>n 9.2.73-mde:<br />

SegrZneba, rom Tavi feTqdeba (SegrZneba,<br />

rom Tavis qala un<strong>da</strong> gaskdes);<br />

SegrZneba, rom zurgis tvins Tavis<br />

tvinSi tenian;<br />

SegrZneba, rom tvini Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan iWmuWneba,<br />

Semwvari xiliviT;<br />

SegrZneba, rom gamudmebiT <strong>da</strong><br />

SeumCnevlad Zabvis qveS xar, gairiye;<br />

SegrZneba, rom asociaciebi CamogaCexes;<br />

SegrZneba, rom suls gamoafsam,<br />

wylebs Rvri;<br />

SegrZneba, rom sakani midis. iRvi-<br />

Zeb, Tvals axel: sakani midis, naSuadRevs,<br />

roca mze adgeba, Cerdeba.<br />

ver xvdebi, sicxisgan kankaleb Tu<br />

sicivisgan,<br />

ver xvdebi, ratom kankaleb,<br />

iyinebi;<br />

Cveulebriv xmaze salaparakod<br />

ise iZabebi, rogorc xmamaRla TqmisTvis,<br />

lamis RrialisTvis;<br />

SegrZneba, rom munjdebi,<br />

sityvebis mniSvnelobebs veRar<br />

xvdebi, mxolod gumaniT grZnob,<br />

SiSina bgerebis warmoTqma sruliad<br />

autanelia,<br />

yaraulebi, mnaxvelebi, ezo Ti-<br />

Tqos celuloidisaa;<br />

Tavis tkivili;<br />

Gaelvebebi;<br />

wina<strong>da</strong>debis wyoba, gramatika, sintaqsi<br />

_ veRar akontroleb. weris<br />

dros: ori xazi _ meore xazis bolos<br />

pirvelis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi ar gaxsovs;<br />

SegrZneba, rom Signi<strong>da</strong>n gamoiwvi;<br />

SegrZneba, rom Tu ityvi, ra xdeba,<br />

Tu amas amouSveb, igivea, rac sxvas<br />

saxeSi mduRare Seasxa, vTqvaT, manqanaSi<br />

aduRebuli wyali, romelic<br />

samu<strong>da</strong>mod <strong>da</strong>mduRravs, <strong>da</strong>asaxi-<br />

Crebs;<br />

TavaSvebuli agresia, romelsac<br />

onkans ver mouWer. es yvelaze<br />

cudia. naTlad gacnobiereba, rom<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>rCenis Sansi ara gaqvs; sruli<br />

gaugebroba amis garkvevisas; mnaxvelebi<br />

arafers toveben. naxevari<br />

saaTis mere meqanikurad Tu aRidgen,<br />

dRes ginaxules Tu gasul kviraSi;<br />

samagierod, kviraSi erTxel banaoba<br />

niSnavs wamiT amoyvinTvas, <strong>da</strong>svenebas<br />

_ erT-or saaTs gastans;<br />

SegrZneba, rom dro <strong>da</strong> sivrce ga<strong>da</strong>ixlarTa;<br />

SegrZneba, rom mrude sarkeebis<br />

oTaxSi xar;<br />

barbaceb;<br />

mere: saSineli eiforia, rom ra-<br />

Rac gesmis, dRe-Rames smeniT ganasxvaveb;<br />

SegrZneba, rom axla dro miedineba,<br />

rom tvini kvlav Seivseba, zurgis<br />

tvini Tavis adgils <strong>da</strong>ubrundeba _<br />

ramdenime kviriT;<br />

SegrZneba, rom gatyaveben.<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

bneli ambavia.<br />

RAF-is advokatma xelisufalni<br />

mkvlelobaSi <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>naSaula _<br />

<strong>da</strong> umalve terorizmis braldebiT<br />

gaasamarTles. hainrix biolma moi-<br />

Txova, rom es burusiT moculi<br />

TviTmkvlelobebi safuZvlianad<br />

gamoekvliaT _ misi Svili teroristebTan<br />

TanamSromlobis braldebiT<br />

gaCxrikes. magram es calke ambebia:<br />

`germanuli Semodgoma~, RAF-is meore<br />

<strong>da</strong> mesame Taobebi, mowinaaRmdegeebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi. es sxva ambebia,<br />

Tan sruliad gaugebari.<br />

albaT mravali a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis isic<br />

gaugebaria, Tu ratom miasveneb<strong>da</strong><br />

teroristi <strong>da</strong> mkvleli ulrike<br />

mainhofis cxe<strong>da</strong>rs oTxi aTasi a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />

me mesmis, oRond ver vxsni.<br />

CemTvis is ufro gaugebaria, rom<br />

yovelTvis, roca rame cerad midis,<br />

mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc ulrike mainhofi maxsendeba.<br />

sul ar mainteresebs xolme,<br />

rogori kacebi imsaxurebdnen mis<br />

keTilganwyobas an marTla xvret<strong>da</strong><br />

Tu ara vinmes _ mainc ver gavigeb.<br />

ubralod, masze vfiqrob. albaT<br />

cota mSurs.<br />

albaT mSurs, rom me verasdros<br />

<strong>da</strong>vwere is <strong>da</strong> ise, rogorc man <strong>da</strong>wera.<br />

giJuri teqstebi, romlebmac<br />

qveyana SeZra <strong>da</strong> dResac aqtualurad<br />

<strong>da</strong>tova, vaglax, uTargmneli<br />

SeZaxili: !<br />

<strong>da</strong> bolos:<br />

`aq iyaviT! mgoni, mTelma cixem<br />

gaixara, yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ase<br />

vfiqrob. axlaxan, oqtomberSi cixis<br />

Tavze feradi drakonebi <strong>da</strong>frinavdnen,<br />

franebi. ese igi, sadRac bavSvebic<br />

iyvnen, maTi amfrenebi. maRla,<br />

maRla frendnen wiTlebi <strong>da</strong> mwvaneebi.<br />

Zalian kargi iyo~...<br />

es ulrikem Tavis tyup qaliSvilebs<br />

miswera, roca cixeSi maTi<br />

naxvis ufleba pirvelad <strong>da</strong>rTes.<br />

manamde es Svilebi teroristebis<br />

banakSi hyav<strong>da</strong> gagzavnili, SemTxveviT<br />

gaumarTlaT <strong>da</strong> gzaSi <strong>da</strong>akaves.<br />

`Znelia... Zalian Znelia... uaRresad<br />

Znelia~...<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 95

gagrZeleba<br />

interviu erik trufazTan<br />

`meore arxis~ pirveli partniori<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

debul siuJets yovelTvis naxulobs<br />

gamocdili mTavari re<strong>da</strong>qtori,<br />

romelic adre `frans televiziaSi~<br />

muSaob<strong>da</strong>. Tu Jurnalists raime<br />

gaepara an Secdoma <strong>da</strong>uSva, gamoricxulia<br />

mTavarma re<strong>da</strong>qtorma is<br />

siuJeti Casworebis gareSe eTerSi<br />

gauSvas. Tuki gansakuTrebulad mikerZoebuli<br />

siuJeti gaakeTa Jurnalistma,<br />

romelsac auxsni <strong>da</strong> mainc<br />

ver gaigebs an uarzea, rame Secvalos,<br />

erTaderTi `<strong>da</strong>sjis~ forma<br />

is aris, rom siuJeti eTerSi ar<br />

gava. CvenTan aseTi ram arasdros<br />

momx<strong>da</strong>ra. vTqvaT, romelime Jurnalistma<br />

Tqva, rom sarkozi aris<br />

pedofili an faSisti _ ra Tqma<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, aseT siuJets eTerSi aravin<br />

gauSvebs, mxolod imitom, rom es<br />

simarTle ar aris.<br />

Cveni mravalerovani qveynisTvis<br />

eTnikuri umciresobebis, seqsualuri<br />

Tu religiuri umciresobebis uflebebTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebi<br />

Zalze mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> mtkivneulia.<br />

evropisTvis ramdenad mniSvnelovania<br />

es problemebi <strong>da</strong> ra iTvleba<br />

diskriminaciad safrangeTSi?<br />

vidre kiTxvas vupasuxebde, getyviT,<br />

rom safrangeTi aris respublika,<br />

kanonis winaSe yvela Tanabaria<br />

<strong>da</strong> gansxvavebebi ar arsebobs,<br />

aseve ar arsebobs eTnikuri umciresoba<br />

<strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, arc termini.<br />

am mxriv Tqvengan gansxvavebulebi<br />

varT, radgan Tqven ga<strong>da</strong>cemebic ki<br />

gaqvT eTnikuri umciresobebis enebze.<br />

CvenTan, magaliTad, korsikaSi,<br />

maT enaze gadis ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, magram<br />

sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze msgavsi<br />

ram ar xdeba. rac Seexeba diskriminacias,<br />

is arsebobs mxolod gareubnebSi,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d CrdiloeT<br />

afriki<strong>da</strong>n Camosuli emigrantebi<br />

cxovroben. isini amboben, rom ar<br />

aqvT samsaxuri, arian umuSevrebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>, sxvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, mZime pirobebSi<br />

uwevT arseboba; marTlac,<br />

maTi sacxovrebeli bevrad uaresad<br />

gamoiyureba, vidre sxva adgilebi.<br />

amboben, rom xeli ar miuwvdebaT<br />

ganaTlebaze. safrangeTSi marTlac<br />

98 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

problemaa gareubnebi<strong>da</strong>n gamosuli<br />

axalgazrdebis sazogadoebaSi integrireba.<br />

diskriminaciis sakiTxi<br />

bevrad ufro rTulia <strong>da</strong> politikas<br />

ganekuTvneba, magram televizias<br />

rac Seexeba, Cven ramdenime<br />

pirovneba TanamSromlad aviyvaneT<br />

I, II, III Taobis emigracii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> isini<br />

dRemde CvenTan muSaoben. gar<strong>da</strong><br />

amisa, vamzadebT ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs gareubnebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamosul axalgazrdebze,<br />

maT problemebsa <strong>da</strong> warmatebebze<br />

saubrebiT vaCvenebT sazogadoebas,<br />

rogor SeuZliaT miaRwion imas,<br />

rac surT, Tuki iswavlian <strong>da</strong> iSromeben.<br />

safrangeTSi kanoni krZalavs<br />

<strong>da</strong> mkacrad sjis yovelgvari tipis<br />

diskriminacias, iqneba es rasobrivi,<br />

religiuri Tu seqsualuri.<br />

roca konkretuli faqtebi xdeba,<br />

amaze sainformacio gamoSvebebSi<br />

vsaubrobT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, vTanamSromlobT<br />

diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg<br />

mebrZol organizaciasTan <strong>da</strong><br />

erTad vapirebT axali proeqtis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wyebas, romlis saSualebiTac sazogadoebas<br />

gavacnobT, rogor Seu-<br />

Zlia Tavis <strong>da</strong>cva diskriminaciuli<br />

qmedebebisagan. yvelaze xSiri mainc<br />

rasobrivi diskriminaciis SemTxvevebia<br />

_ zogi Civis, rom samsaxurSi<br />

ar aiyvanes imis gamo, rom zangia<br />

an afrikuli warmoSobis, sxvebs<br />

diskoTekaze ar uSveben _ ufro<br />

aseTi tipis diskriminaciis faqtebia.<br />

am bolo dros Zalze Semcir<strong>da</strong><br />

seqsualuri umciresobebis diskriminaciis<br />

SemTxvevebi. gareubnebis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>, es TiTqmis aRarsad xdeba.<br />

rogorc kvlevebi aCvenebs, frangi<br />

sazogadoeba Zalze tolerantuli<br />

gax<strong>da</strong> seqsualuri umciresobebis<br />

mimarT, sakmao tolerantobaa religiuri<br />

umciresobebis mimarTac<br />

_ 1905 wels miRebuli kanonis Tanaxmad,<br />

yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs sruli<br />

ufleba, iyos an ar iyos morwmune;<br />

rogorc yvelafers, am sakiTxsac<br />

kanoni agvarebs. garkveuli problema<br />

maSin warmoiSoba, roca religia<br />

ereva saxelmwifo saqmeebSi.<br />

vTqvaT, muslimebi TavianT gogonebs<br />

ukrZalaven biWebTan erTad<br />

auzze wasvlas, rac ukve kanonis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevaa, imitom, rom skolaSi<br />

aris erTi auzi <strong>da</strong> aseTi akrZalva<br />

kanons arRvevs. asevea religiuri<br />

ritualebis Catareba, romelic kanons<br />

ar Seesabameba. sul muslimebze<br />

saubari gamomdis, magram igive<br />

kaTolikebi rom aviRoT, aseve kanonis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevaa, roca maT sastiki<br />

gamosvlebi aqvT abortis akrZalvasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. garkveuli<br />

problemebia religiursa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo<br />

kanonebs Soris _ am Temebze<br />

televiziaSi xSirad vawyobT debatebs,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c politikosebs <strong>da</strong> ama<br />

Tu im religiis warmomadgenlebs<br />

viwvevT.<br />

Jurnalists ramdenad SeuZlia gamoxatos<br />

pozicia seqsualur <strong>da</strong> religiur<br />

problematikasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />

<strong>da</strong>eTanxmos romelime mxares<br />

an uaryos maTi azri.<br />

visac ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi viwvevT, maT<br />

SeuZliaT sakuTari azris gamoxatva.<br />

Cvenma Jurnalistebma ki orive<br />

mxaris poziciebi un<strong>da</strong> warmoadginon<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tu raime politikuri<br />

konsensusi iqna miRweuli, esec<br />

un<strong>da</strong> aCvenon. magaliTad, erovnul<br />

asambleaSi miRweuli iyo erTgvari<br />

konsensusi Tavsaburavis tarebas-<br />

Tan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT _ saerTod ki ar<br />

avkrZaloT, aramed vareguliroT<br />

<strong>da</strong>, vTqvaT, sazogadoebrivi Tav-<br />

Seyris adgilebSi aikrZalos. arsebobs<br />

sxva Sexedulebac, romlis<br />

mixedviTac, absoluturad yvelgan<br />

un<strong>da</strong> aikrZalos, rac a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

uflebebs ewinaaRmdegeba.<br />

ramdenad icnobT postsabWoTa medias<br />

<strong>da</strong> hgavs Tu ara ganviTarebadi<br />

qveynebi erTmaneTs Jurnalistikis<br />

problematikis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d iseT qveynebSi vmuSaobdi,<br />

romlebic teritoriulad<br />

safrangeTs ganekuTvnebian. isini<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblebi ar arian <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri<br />

TvalsazrisiT sakmaod<br />

axlos arian safrangeTTan. polineziis<br />

televiziis Seqmna rom <strong>da</strong>viwyeT,<br />

maSinve ultraTanamedro-

ve, cifruli aparatura SeiZines.<br />

Tqvengan gansxvavebiT, maTTvis es<br />

problema ar yofila. `meore arxis~<br />

teqnikurma direqtorma miTxra, rom<br />

dResac 18 wlis kamerebiT muSaoben.<br />

sabWoTa <strong>da</strong> postsabWoTa medias<br />

kargad ar vicnob, magram rusul<br />

mediaze maqvs warmodgena, romelic<br />

Sors ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos sinamdvili<strong>da</strong>n<br />

_ rusuli media xelisuflebisgan<br />

kontroldeba.<br />

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv<br />

mauwyebels vurCevdi, mayureblis<br />

ndobis mopovebis mizniT, metad<br />

warmoaCinos sakuTari <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba.<br />

es kargi iqneba Tavad<br />

politikosebisTvisac, romlebic<br />

sazogadoebrivi arxisadmi Tavisuflebis<br />

miniWebiT amave sazogadoebis<br />

ndobas moipoveben. aseve<br />

un<strong>da</strong> mixvdnen, rom `meore arxis~<br />

srulyofili muSaobisaTvis aucilebelia<br />

teqnikuri saSualebebis<br />

SeZena. roca arxi srulfasovani<br />

gaxdeba, mayureblis ndoba erTiorad<br />

gaizrdeba.<br />

brZaneT, rom 10 wlis win Tqvens<br />

arxs garkveuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri muSaoba<br />

moux<strong>da</strong> politikosebTan <strong>da</strong> `me-<br />

ore arxisTvisac~ es samuSao gegmis<br />

nawili un<strong>da</strong> iyos. roca politikosebs<br />

monopolizebuli aqvT eTeri,<br />

SesaZloa Tu ara, saboloo jamSi Tavisken<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Zalon televizia?<br />

Cven pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri moRvaweoba<br />

gavwieT ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d teqnikur saki-<br />

TxebTan mimarTebaSi _ vTqvaT,<br />

parlamentis sxdoma <strong>da</strong>wyebuliyo<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuliyo SeTanxmebul<br />

dros. roca moundebo<strong>da</strong>T, maSin ar<br />

gamoecxadebinaT an gaewelaT Sesveneba,<br />

radgan es angrev<strong>da</strong> programebis<br />

bades. nel-nela SevamCnieT,<br />

rom politikosebis qceva Seicvala,<br />

isini cdilobdnen, ukeTesad<br />

warmoCeniliyvnen erovnul asambleaSi,<br />

radgan yvelaferi eTerSi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>icemo<strong>da</strong>. rac Seexeba Tqvens<br />

politikosebs, pirvel rigSi un<strong>da</strong><br />

gaacnobieron, rom maTi mizanic<br />

aris mayureblis mizidva, risTvisac<br />

<strong>da</strong>usrulebeli monologebi<br />

namdvilad ar gamoadgebaT. sauke-<br />

Teso saSualebaa, Tu arxze iqneba<br />

namdvili debatebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mowveuli<br />

iqnebian umravlesobis <strong>da</strong> opoziciis<br />

warmomadgenlebi <strong>da</strong> gaimarTeba<br />

namdvili diskusia, xolo iseTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>usrulebeli monologebi, rac<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

`Tavisufal tribunaSi~ vixile, namdvilad<br />

ar uwyobs xels imas, rom<br />

politikosebs hyavdeT mayurebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cemebi, romelSic isini monawileoben,<br />

saintereso gamovides.<br />

ramdenad SesaZlebelia arsebul<br />

politikur garemoSi `meore arxs~<br />

hqondes ganviTarebis perspeqtiva?<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, rom jgufs,<br />

romelmac wamoiwyo `meore arxis~<br />

Camoyalibebis procesi, yvelanairi<br />

saSualeba <strong>da</strong> monacemi aqvs imisa-<br />

Tvis, rom bolomde miiyvanos <strong>da</strong>wyebuli<br />

gegma. maT kargad esmiT<br />

miznebic <strong>da</strong> is winaaRmdegobebic,<br />

rac SeiZleba SexvdeT. Cven erToblivad<br />

vimuSaveT samauwyeblo badeze,<br />

programirebasa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianur<br />

resursTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul sakiTxebze.<br />

sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis<br />

saSualebebiT Tu vimsjelebT, rogorc<br />

teqnikuri, aseve a<strong>da</strong>mianuri,<br />

`meore arxis~ ganxorcieleba absoluturad<br />

realuri <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebelia.<br />

mjera am arxis momavlis <strong>da</strong><br />

imedi maqvs, rom amas arxis xelmZRvanelobac<br />

<strong>da</strong> politikosebic mixvdebian<br />

<strong>da</strong> erToblivad imuSaveben<br />

am mimarTulebiT.<br />

ringze<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

arnold kemps<br />

18 dekemberi, 1964<br />

Zvirfaso arnold,<br />

...rogori ucnauric un<strong>da</strong> iyos,<br />

roca sartrma nobelis premia miiRo,<br />

am ambavs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairad<br />

SevxedeT. Cemi azriT, mas uari<br />

ar un<strong>da</strong> eTqva, radgan burJuazias<br />

is ufro metad amwarebs,<br />

roca mis winaaRmdeg mebrZolebi<br />

did premiebs iReben. magaliTad,<br />

bolo wlebSi Jurnali `laifi~<br />

Jan-pol sartrs erTTavad `usasoobis<br />

mociqulad~ moixsenieb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

axla ki moulodnelad es usasoobis<br />

mociquli nobelis premiis<br />

laureati gax<strong>da</strong>. ase maT bevrad<br />

ufro gauZneldebaT xalxis gasuleleba.<br />

mjera, rom jildoebze<br />

uari ar un<strong>da</strong> Tqva, radgan Tu<br />

sworad gamoiyeneb, isini bevr rameSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>gexmareba. erT dRes marTlac<br />

raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />

rom moxdes <strong>da</strong> amaze `niu-iork<br />

taimsSi~ werilis gamoqveyneba<br />

mogindes, ai, magari, mware werilis,<br />

amisTvis ufro meti berketi<br />

geqneba...<br />

saukeTeso survilebiT,<br />

normani<br />

marvin gorsons<br />

11 aprili, 1968<br />

Zvirfaso marvin,<br />

...ar mgonia, Tqvens Zvirfas mowvevas<br />

<strong>da</strong>vTanxmde <strong>da</strong> mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavisuflebis partiis iniciativiT<br />

mowveuli filosofosi gavxde. amisaTvis<br />

ori mizezi maqvs. naTlad ver<br />

vxe<strong>da</strong>v, romel politikur poziciasTan<br />

ufro axlos var. iqneb iciT,<br />

an sulac ar iciT, rom memarcxene<br />

konservatori var, rac Tavisebur<br />

winaaRmdegobebs gulisxmobs: erTi<br />

mxriv, urbanul rekonstruqcias-<br />

Tan <strong>da</strong>pirispirebas, meore mxriv ki,<br />

marixuanas legalizebis sakiTxSi<br />

TavSekavebas. Tumca me SeiZleba mxari<br />

<strong>da</strong>vuWiro marixuanas legalizebas.<br />

diax, SeiZleba asec moviqce,<br />

Tu policia xalxis gawamebasa <strong>da</strong><br />

uazro <strong>da</strong>patimrebebs ar Sewyvets.<br />

am dros mirCevnia, rom misi mox-<br />

100 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

mareba kanoniT neba<strong>da</strong>rTuli ar<br />

iyos, radgan ase sul sxva gemos<br />

atan mowevas, Tan korporaciebic<br />

ver axerxeben, rom hidrofonurad<br />

gamoyvanili, sayovelTaod naqebi,<br />

filtriani marixuana vitaminebiT<br />

gaajeron; rom aRaraferi vTqvaT<br />

im fsiqodeliur reklamebze, romlebsac<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n avicilebT. gar<strong>da</strong><br />

amisa, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli ar var, rom<br />

makkarti <strong>da</strong> kenedi arafriT gansxvavdebian<br />

hamfrisgan, romelmac,<br />

sxva Tu araferi, pasuxi un<strong>da</strong> agos<br />

vietnamis omis gamo. ioli saTqmelia,<br />

rom kenedisa <strong>da</strong> jonsons Soris<br />

gansxvaveba ar aris _ am azrs<br />

sulac ar viziareb. mniSvneloba<br />

ara aqvs, kenedis TavSi ra utrialebs,<br />

radgan mainc sruliad gansxvavebul<br />

qveyanas miiReb, roca<br />

prezidenti is kaci xdeba, visac<br />

misnairi varcxniloba aqvs...<br />

pativiscemiT,<br />

normani<br />

alen ginzbergs<br />

9 dekemberi, 1969<br />

Zvirfaso alen,<br />

...min<strong>da</strong>, ubralod, Seni saxlis<br />

binadrebi movikiTxo <strong>da</strong> warmateba<br />

gisurvo ekologiurad sufTa<br />

produqtis moyvanaSi.<br />

gulwrfeli mokiTxviT,<br />

normani<br />

P.S. xSirad mTxoven xolme, imaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>vwero, Tu rogor warmomidgenia<br />

70-iani wlebi. ara<strong>da</strong>, umciresi<br />

warmodgenac ki ar maqvs. Cven <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulebi<br />

viyaviT, rom vicodiT,<br />

ra moxdebo<strong>da</strong> 60-ianebSi, <strong>da</strong> magra<strong>da</strong>c<br />

vcdebodiT. 70-ianebi Cems<br />

TvalSi mxolod Tavzar<strong>da</strong>mcemi<br />

TeTri laqaa. imedi maqvs, es ufro<br />

asakis bralia, vidre winaTgrZnobis.<br />

Sobas gilocav, poeto.<br />

riCard stretons<br />

ianvris <strong>da</strong>sawyisi, 1987<br />

Zvirfaso rik,<br />

...me <strong>da</strong> norisi moskovSi migviwvies,<br />

konferenciaze, romelic<br />

gorbaCovma moawyo. rik, <strong>da</strong>ujereb-<br />

el rames getyvi: iq namdvilad<br />

raRac xdeba. is qveyana <strong>da</strong>Tvs magonebs<br />

_ beber, sqel, ayrolebul,<br />

mravalgan <strong>da</strong>Wril, sakuTar qaqSi<br />

amosvril cxovels, romlis TvalebSic<br />

mxolod imas amoikiTxav,<br />

rom isev cirkSi <strong>da</strong>bruneba un<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mas surs, gawvrTnili <strong>da</strong>Tvi iyos<br />

<strong>da</strong> mayureblebis taSi <strong>da</strong>imsaxuros,<br />

yvela sxva cxovelma ki pativi<br />

sces. ucnaur rameebs vambob,<br />

magram ruseTze fiqri im droi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

amekviata, rac `SiSvlebi <strong>da</strong> mkvdrebi~<br />

<strong>da</strong>vwere. Cems TaobaSi Zalian<br />

bevri CemsaviT fiqrob<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

rusebma didebulad iomes meore<br />

msoflio omSi. isini pativs scemdnen<br />

maT jarsa <strong>da</strong> TiToeul jariskacs<br />

imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c es<br />

rigiT amerikel jariskacs SeeZlo,<br />

afasebdnen omis dros rusebis mier<br />

gaRebul msxverpls. mere ki civi<br />

omi gaCaR<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> yvelaferi Tav<strong>da</strong>yira<br />

<strong>da</strong>dga. amis Semdeg aRaravis<br />

vendobi, maT Soris _ arc rusebs,<br />

radgan mivxvdi, rom leninma<br />

moumza<strong>da</strong> safuZveli stalinizmsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> im saSinelebebs, rac iq trialebs.<br />

rusebsa <strong>da</strong> amerikelebs Soris<br />

erTi umTavresi gansxvavebaa:<br />

amerikaSi Cveni <strong>da</strong>naSauli cxvirwin<br />

gvidevs, magram mas arafrad vagdebT.<br />

amaSi teqnikis ganviTareba,<br />

TiToeuli ultramoduri nabiji<br />

gvexmareba. Cven fsiqoanalizi<br />

Cagvitares, trankvilizatorebi<br />

gvaylapes, robotebad gvaqcies,<br />

`nuvel kuizinis~ saocrebebs gvaziares,<br />

karieristebi gagvxades _<br />

SiSic <strong>da</strong> udidesi <strong>da</strong>naSaulic aqve,<br />

xelis gawvdenazea, magram maTgan<br />

Tavis <strong>da</strong>Rwevas vaxerxebT. ai, rusebi<br />

ki ver axerxeben. maT sakuTari<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSauli bolos uRebT. Zalian<br />

cota rusi <strong>da</strong>dis sufTa sindisiT<br />

_ es qveyana xom 30 wlis manZilze<br />

aiZuleb<strong>da</strong> TiToeul a<strong>da</strong>mians, rom<br />

megobrebisTvis zurgi eqcia (albaT<br />

yvelasTvis mainc ara) <strong>da</strong> ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebo<strong>da</strong> im axloblebs, romlebic<br />

mTavrobas TvalSi ar mosdio<strong>da</strong>.<br />

TviTon mTavrobasac mZime<br />

tvirTad awevs Tavisive usindiso-

a. Cemi azriT, rusebi gacilebiT<br />

kargad icnoben sakuTar sulebs,<br />

vidre Cven vicnobT Cvensas, radgan<br />

isini marTlac <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebi arian.<br />

ver getyvi, rogori sulisSemZvrelia,<br />

roca Tavad umaRles eSelonebSi<br />

aRiareben, rom cvlilebebi<br />

aucilebelia <strong>da</strong> qveyanas ufro<br />

humanuri mTavroba un<strong>da</strong> hyavdes.<br />

ici ra, rik, locva rom SemeZlos,<br />

zeciur Zalebs Semweobas vTxovdi<br />

im <strong>da</strong>ujerebeli saqmisTvis, rasac<br />

gorbaCovi akeTebs ruseTSi. me mas<br />

bolomde TanavugrZnob. SeiZleba<br />

yvelaferi sul iolad Caiyaros<br />

wyalSi, magram Tu ase ar mox<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Cvens qveyanas, amerikas mouwevs,<br />

xazi ga<strong>da</strong>usvas uamrav absurdul<br />

axirebas <strong>da</strong> Tvali gausworos axal<br />

ideas. Tu komunisturi qveyana demokratiuli<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>, es niSnavs, rom<br />

Cveni Tavlebic misaxedia: ra xania,<br />

nexvis suni dgas. kargi, vnaxoT, ra<br />

moxdeba.<br />

megobruli mokiTxviT,<br />

normani<br />

sel Cetranos<br />

28 marti, 1999<br />

Zvirfaso sel,<br />

...demokratebs, pirvel rigSi ki<br />

klintons, ver vitan im politikis<br />

gamo, romelsac „butikis politikas~<br />

vuwodeb _ cota es, cota is<br />

<strong>da</strong> mainc yelamde nagavSi yofna. am<br />

dros respublikelebi fsiqozur<br />

koSmarSi aRmoCndnen. erTi mxriv,<br />

maT RmerTi, droSa <strong>da</strong> ojaxi akeriaT<br />

pirze, xolo meore mxriv, Zalian<br />

cota Tu icnob<strong>da</strong> ieso qristes<br />

Tavis gverdiT, pisuarTan mdgari<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>enaxa. warmoudgenlad bevrs<br />

jarSi arasdros umsaxuria, arc<br />

tyviis zuzuni gaugonia. gar<strong>da</strong><br />

amisa, es politikosebi colebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> ojaxis RalatSi aTeneben <strong>da</strong> aRameben.<br />

ho, aba, ra azri eqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />

politikosobas, TvalTmaqcobiT<br />

Tavis gatanis saSualebas rom ar<br />

iZleodes? mTavari ki is aris, rom<br />

respublikelebs Sizofrenia <strong>da</strong>emarTaT:<br />

erTi mxriv, isini RmerTs,<br />

droSas <strong>da</strong> ojaxs adideben, xolo<br />

meore mxriv, kapitalizmis upirobod<br />

gavrcelebas uWeren mxars. amdenad,<br />

yuradRebis miRma rCebaT is,<br />

rac SeiZleba axlac mniSvnelovani<br />

iyos: ieso karl marqsiviT fiqrob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom fuli yvela Rirsebas azrs<br />

ukargavs. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, asecaa. Tu<br />

mTeli qveyana viRacebma un<strong>da</strong> miisakuTron<br />

<strong>da</strong> es marTlac ase xdeba,<br />

mxolod zneobrivi degra<strong>da</strong>ciis<br />

momswre ki ar gaxdebi, aramed socialuri<br />

aqtivobisa <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />

normebis Semcirebisac _ vfiqrob,<br />

am degra<strong>da</strong>cias maSinve un<strong>da</strong> elodo,<br />

rogorc ki dou jonsis indeqsi<br />

aiwevs: rac ufro maRali iqneba es<br />

indeqsi, miT ufro <strong>da</strong>bali iqneba<br />

norma. fuli yvela Rirsebas<br />

anadgurebs. respublikuri partiis<br />

memarcxene frTas pativsac ki vcem<br />

imis gamo, rom garkveul normebs<br />

icavs, Tumca is kapitalizms ar<br />

ebrZvis. umarTavi kapitalizmi ki<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis Tavs <strong>da</strong>mty<strong>da</strong>ri udidesi<br />

ubedurebaa, romelic mis Rirebulebebs<br />

acamtverebs. axla swored<br />

es xdeba. albaT iyo dro, roca<br />

komunizmi ufro did ubedurebas<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, magram dRes Cven<br />

varT liderebi. vfiqrob, TviTonac<br />

xvdebi, rom Seni arCeuli partia<br />

moralTan mimarTebaSi paralizebulia...<br />

aba, magrad, Zvelo,<br />

normani<br />

`boston gloubis~ re<strong>da</strong>qtors<br />

13 marti, 2002<br />

jorj uili wers (`boston gloubi~,<br />

12 marti): `ernest hemingueis<br />

ena rom jon ueslis enis sakazmiT<br />

SevagemoT, buSis lakonur stils<br />

miviRebT~.<br />

gasagebia, Znelad Tu moiZebneba<br />

vinme, vinc jon ueslis qa<strong>da</strong>gebebs<br />

icnobs, magram is ki vici, rom jorj<br />

buSis nawerebis xseneba hemingueis<br />

prozis gverdiT TiTqmis igivea,<br />

rac jeki siuzenisa <strong>da</strong> jein ostinis<br />

gaTanabreba. sircxvilis nasaxi<br />

aRar SerCaT am respublikel qlesebs?<br />

marTlac verafers gaxdebiT<br />

im xalxTan, visac sakuTari saqcie-<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

lis arasdros rcxvenia. jorj<br />

uilis survils, rom Roris yuri<br />

abreSumis qisad gaasaRos, mxolod<br />

msoflio donis laquci hqvia...<br />

norman meileri<br />

emerix kustrixs<br />

26 ianvari, 2005<br />

Zvirfaso imre,<br />

didi yuradReba gamoiCine, roca<br />

muxlebis arTritis Sesaxeb statia<br />

gamomigzavne. rac dro gadis,<br />

sul ufro iolad veguebi Cems<br />

mdgomareobas. ori xeljoxi mSvenier<br />

gasarTobad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva, Tu<br />

mixvdebi, ra TvaliT un<strong>da</strong> Sexedo<br />

(me xom mexerxeba aseTebi). mTeli<br />

siamovneba is aris, rom Segi-<br />

Zlia warmoidgino, TiTqos mTebSi<br />

TxilamurebiT srialeb, joxebs<br />

aqeT-iqiT usvam _ magari garTobaa.<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, fexze didxans<br />

dgomac ar giwevs: yovelTvis gamoCndeba<br />

viRac, vinc Tavis skams<br />

giTmobs.<br />

„fainenSel taimsi<strong>da</strong>n~ im amonaWers<br />

vkiTxulob, Sen rom gamomigzavne.<br />

mware statiaa. ar vici, saiT<br />

miveqanebiT yvela. es saukune mZime<br />

tvirTad <strong>da</strong>gvawva mxrebze. meoce<br />

saukuneSi gveSino<strong>da</strong>, rom atomuri<br />

omi erTianad gagvacamtvereb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rac axla siurrealisturad moCans.<br />

oc<strong>da</strong>meerTe saukuneSi ki bneli azrebi<br />

imdens utrialebs TavSi, rom<br />

SeiZleba saukunis bolomdec ver<br />

mivaRwioT Cveni dRevandeli mdgomareobiT.<br />

Cems asakSi didi mniSvneloba<br />

aRarafers aqvs, magram me<br />

cxra Svili <strong>da</strong> bevri SviliSvili myavs,<br />

romlebsac arcTu saxarbielo<br />

perspeqtiva eliT.<br />

mapatie, msoflios aRsasruli<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>gixate. mgoni, Txrobam gamitaca.<br />

Tumca imis gameorebac min<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rac adre giTxari: erTmaneTs wesierad<br />

arc vicnobT <strong>da</strong> mainc Zveli<br />

megobrebiviT vsaubrobT. es iseTi<br />

sasiamovno ram aris. megobrulad<br />

mogikiTxavT Sen <strong>da</strong> gertruds _<br />

gavbe<strong>da</strong>v <strong>da</strong> vityvi: cota siyvaruliTac.<br />

normani<br />

cxeli Sokoladi 101

gagrZeleba<br />

lismanisi<br />

gagrZeleba<br />

lubas pirveli gamoCenisTanave<br />

lismanisma komentari gaakeTa, _ SexedeT,<br />

ra talantia, natalia andrei-<br />

Cenko am filmSi mxolod 27 wlisaa<br />

<strong>da</strong> am kadrSi, sul cota, ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTi<br />

wlis qals ar hgavs?<br />

maniloviCi gagiJ<strong>da</strong>. gagiJ<strong>da</strong> andreiCenkoze.<br />

ara, gulgrili arc<br />

aravin <strong>da</strong>rCenila, magram boria maniloviCi<br />

aSkarad „ga<strong>da</strong>iria“ (imave<br />

wels, andreiCenko oskarosan msaxiob<br />

<strong>da</strong> reJisor maqsimilian Sels<br />

rom gahyva colad, boriam amoioxra,<br />

_ Cems orive cols gavayolebdi maqsimilians,<br />

oRond nataSa CemTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>eTmoo). vamSvidebdiT, _ rad gin<strong>da</strong><br />

andreiCenko, ager cenzor ganiCenkos<br />

giTmobs jonio, _ magram ver wynardebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

lismanisi movi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> miTxra:<br />

_ simarTle aravis siamovnebs, simarTle<br />

rom vTqva, maniloviCi ise<strong>da</strong>c<br />

antisemitad mTvlis <strong>da</strong> axla<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>pir rozenbergad momnaTlavs.<br />

simarTle ki isaa, rom mag qalbatonis<br />

qmarma, maqsimilian Selma, avstrielma<br />

Tu Sveicarielma, Tu orivem erTad,<br />

1961 wels mamakacis rolis saukeTeso<br />

104 cxeli Sokoladi<br />

SesrulebisTvis oskari imitom <strong>da</strong>imsaxura,<br />

rom stenli krameris film<br />

„niurnbergis procesSi“ nacisti <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebis<br />

advokatis roli Seasrula<br />

brwyinvaled. icis es maniloviCma,<br />

icis ra ga<strong>da</strong>xrebi aqvs mis sayvarel<br />

nataSas?<br />

_ maqsimilian Seli avstriis anSlusis<br />

Semdeg SveicariaSi gaiqca, mTels<br />

mis ojaxs nacistebi ezizRebaT, misma<br />

<strong>da</strong>m mag nia<strong>da</strong>gze auria kidevac, _<br />

gamovesarCle oskarosan msaxiobs me.<br />

_ TviTon rom nacisti araa <strong>da</strong> piriqiTaa,<br />

eg ki vici, magram nacistebis<br />

advokatis rolis ostaturad<br />

Sesrulebas maniloviCi ar apatiebs.<br />

uTxari es faqti, iqneb nataSa guli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

amovagdebinoT <strong>da</strong> ojaxSi werili<br />

gavagzavninoT, _ lismanisi, rogorc<br />

„SesaniSnavi meojaxe“, marTlac mudmivad<br />

zrunav<strong>da</strong> yvela ojaxis mTlianobaze.<br />

borias rom vuTxari, _ maqsimilian<br />

Sels oskari nacistebis advokatis<br />

rolis ostaturad SesrulebisTvis<br />

miuRiao, _ gaecina <strong>da</strong> miTxra, _ xom<br />

vici, am ambavs lismanisi mogiyvebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

magis metma vin icis ase wvrilad<br />

kinos ambebi Cvens banakSio. ga<strong>da</strong>eci,<br />

boria maniloviCis saSveli ar aris,<br />

andreiCenkoze 12 leqsi aqvs <strong>da</strong>werili,<br />

maT Soris sami soneti, ori bala<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> erTi madrigali. rac Seexeba<br />

siyvaruls, namdvili Tu gamogonili<br />

faSistis xelSi Cavardnili sabralo<br />

rusis qali kidev ufro uyvars-Tqo.<br />

kinos sakmaod iSviaTi stumari var,<br />

bolo xanebSi kinoSi mxolod amerikaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>vdivar <strong>da</strong> saukeTeso adgils<br />

vikaveb, rogorc wesi, cariel kino<strong>da</strong>rbazebSi.<br />

gauTavebeli sareklamo<br />

rgolebis Semdeg filmis demonstrireba<br />

rom iwyeba, sul mgonia, rom<br />

ukni<strong>da</strong>n lismanisis mxiarul <strong>da</strong> energiul<br />

xmas gavigoneb:<br />

_ yuradRebiT SexedeT, ra operatoruli<br />

namuSevaria, mauro fiore<br />

namdvili geniosia, ukana fonze ra<br />

ferebi gaSala! sxvaTa Soris, jeims<br />

kemeroni Teqvsmeti weli muSaob<strong>da</strong><br />

„avatarze“, pirveli oTxmocgverdiani<br />

scenari 1994 wels <strong>da</strong>wera. qarTvelebo<br />

klub-sasadiloSi, im kompiuterul<br />

animatorebs Soris, romelTac<br />

es saswauli Seqmnes, qarTveli kacic<br />

eria!

literaturuli kafe `qaravani~<br />

warmogidgenT:<br />

1 ivnisi, samSabaTi, 17 saaTi<br />

Sexvedra poet vasil guleurTan<br />

literaturuli kafe `qaravani~, mis.: furcelaZis 10

misamarTi: abanos q. N 3<br />

radio „nacnobi“ gepatiJebaT<br />

klubSi „nacnobi“<br />

tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo<br />

cocxali musika

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