istoriebi
rusudan mirzikaSvili
levan asabaSvili
nino lomaZe
brZola TavisuflebisTvis
brZola TavisuflebisTvis
nino jafiaSvili
interviuebi
arseni roginski, rusuli `memoriali~
nino beqiSvili
jeimz qarTeri
kaxa Tolordava
analizi
qarTuli kinoindustriis kinoindustriis problemebi
nino ZanZava
isaqarTvelo
saqarTvelo
jvarcma
paata qurdaZe
esei
neoliberalizmis kritika
irakli kakabaZe
specproeqti
sazRvrebi
Tebervali 2010 #57
fasi 5 lari
saavtoro
rafika
levan berZeniSvili
dokumenturi proza
sxvebis qveyana
sandro naveriani
literatura
osip mandelStami
erekle deisaZe
olesia TavaZe
nugzar zazanaSvili
garekanze: rusudan mirzikaSvili, levan asabaSvili
foto: daviT mesxi
mTavari redaqtori:
nino lomaZe
aRmasrulebeli redaqtorebi:
nino jafiaSvili, salome
kikaleiSvili
art-redaqtori: giorgi nadiraZe
redaqtor-stilisti: nino svaniZe
koreqtori: nino saiTiZe
nomerze muSaobdnen: daviT buxrikiZe,
ana korZaia-samadaSvili, kaxa
Tolordava, daviT CixlaZe, levan
berZeniSvili, sandro naveriani,
salome kikaleiSvili, nino
jafiaSvili, nino ZanZava, irakli
kakabaZe, klaudia ruSi, giorgi
gvaxaria, daviT makariZe, SoTa
gagarini, gigi guledani
foto: daviT mesxi, levan xerxeuliZe,
qeTo caava, marika qoCiaSvili
ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili,
maia sumbaZe
dizaini: Tornike lorTqifaniZe
sazogadoebasTan urTierToba:
lela SubiTiZe
sareklamo gayidvebi: Salva CubiniZe
distribucia: zviad Sengelia
gamomcemeli: Sorena SaverdaSvili
gamomcemloba:
Sps `em fabliSingi~, Tbilisi 0105,
faliaSvilis q. 108, tel.: 912326
el-fosta: mpublishing@caucasus.net
sxva gamocemebi: liberali, biznesiadamianebi,
meTodebi, strategiebi,
dialogi, Tibisi da Tibiselebi.
stamba: Sps `sezani~, Tbilisi,
wereTlis gamz. 140, tel.: 357002
Jurnali gamodis 2004 wlis 25 dekembridan
© “M Publishing” saavtoro uflebebi
daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli
masalebis nawilobrivi an mTliani
gamoyeneba gamomcemlobis nebarTvis
gareSe akrZalulia.
4 cxeli Sokoladi
6 redaqtoris werili
8 Cveni avtorebi
N57, Tebervali 2010
mimoxilvebi 10 ubraloebis ZiebaSi kibernetikulsa da meqanikurs
Soris daviT CixlaZe
12 xinkali da koketoba daviT CixlaZe
14 mowodebebi poeziad daviT CixlaZe
16 banqos TamaSi mecnierulad...
anu ufasod mijaWvuli `promeTe~ daviT buxrikiZe
imogzaure 20 yelis tba
saqarTveloSi sandro naveriani
istoriebi 24 rusudan mirzikaSvili da levan asabaSvili
raze fiqrobs urban reaqtori nino lomaZe
32 brZola TavisuflebisTvis nino jafiaSvili
interviuebi 40 arseni roginski: ruseTSi ar arsebobs politikuri
sivrce nino beqiSvili
44 interviu jeimz qarTerTan kaxa Tolordava
fotoproeqti 48 patara qalaqSi daviT mesxi
analizi 56 qarTuli kinoindustriis problemebi nino ZanZava
specproeqti 62 sazRvrebi
dokumenturi proza 76 sxvebis qveyana sandro naveriani
isaqarTvelo 80 jvarcma. teqnikuri personali da dekoracia
paata qurdaZe
84 kvazimoda giorgi kalatoziSvili
saavtoro 88 rafika levan berZeniSvili
esei 92 neoliberalizmis kritika ocdameerTe saukuneSi
irakli kakabaZe
gasworeba
`cxeli Sokoladis~ 56-e nomerSi, statiaSi `dmanisis aRmoCena~ SecdomiT
iyo miTiTebuli gamofenis mowyobis adgili. dmanisSi aRmoCenili uZvelesi
adamianis eqspozicia gaimarTa niderlandebis bunebis istoriis nacionalur
muzeumSi, q. leideni. gamofena gaixsna 2009 wlis 28 noembers da gagrZeldeba
2010 wlis 28 Tebervlamde.
aseve ar iyo aRniSnuli, rom proeqti ganxorcielda sadazRvevo kompania
`jipiai holdingis~ mxardaWeriT.
piris Rrus movlis saukeTeso saSualebebi
GPC-isa da wiTeli -s afTiaqebSi
macdunebeli siamovnebis
moyvarulTaTvis
R.O.C.S.-is kbilis pasata “yava da Tambaqo”
specialurad SemuSavebulia yavis, Cais, wiTeli
Rvinisa da Tambaqos moyvarulTaTvis. igi
saSualebas gaZlevT SeinarCunoT momxibvleli
Rimili da jansaRi sunTqva. amcirebs Tambaqos
bolis uaryofiT zemoqmedebas piris Rruze.
abraziuli nivTierebebis zomieri Semcveloba
saSualebas iZleva gamoiyenoT R.O.C.S.-is kbilis
pasata “yava da Tambaqo” yoveldRiurad.
yava da Tambaqo
edaqtoris werili
6 cxeli Sokoladi
javaxeTis zeganze, sul kideSi, sadac saqarTvelos somxeTi esazRvreba, erTi patara
sofelia _ sameba. sul TxuTmeti ojaxi cxovrobs _ sami duxoborebis, cxra
somxuri da sami qarTuli. iq, SarSan me da daviT mesxi JurnalisTvis werilis gasake-
Teblad wavediT. jer Tovli ar ido, amitom soflamde advilad mivaRwieT. gzaze
duxoborebis mitovebuli, naxevrad, an mTlianad dangreuli saxlebi idga. or patara
SenobaSi skola iyo, erTi somxurenovani, erTic qarTuli. Cveni maspinZeli qar-
Tuli skolis maswavlebeli gaxldaT, cico naTenaZe. ramdenime dRis win dagvireka
da Jurnalis dabadebis dRe mogviloca. cota xnis mere, pavlemac dareka, mezobeli
soflidan. mere iqaur ambebs moyva: wels Tovli gvian movida da gzebic axla Caiketa;
gorelovka doxuborebis ramdenime ojaxma datova da iq isev aWaridan ekomigrantebi
daasaxles; orive soflis skolebs, axali saswavlo wlis saxelmZRvaneloebi isev ar
hyofnis, biblioTekebi isev mouwesrigebelia; sofels eqimi axlac ar hyavs, miwebis
problema isev mougvarebeli rCeba, arada arc erT ojaxs soflis datoveba ar unda.
sasazRvro dacvaSi pavle mainc ar miiRes, samebaSi qarTulenovan skolaSi isev istorias
da geografias aswavlis. yovel diliT gamTeniisas dgeba, transports rom
miuswros, mere samebamde erTi saaTi fexiT midis. ukan isev mesazRvreebs, an ise,
SemTxveviT Camvlels mohyveba. gasarTobad isev koswinkasTan da armenTan erTad dadis,
vabRuilebT Zvel motociklets da varTo, _ ambobs. CamodiT, xom dagvpirdiT
zamTris javaxeTi unda vnaxoTo.
mTavari gzatkecilidan samebamde oTx kilometrs isev fexiT, cxeniT, an marxiliT
gadian. axla yvela ojaxSi gazafxulamde produqtebi aqvT momaragebuli da daTbobas
elodebian. saRamoobiT romelime ojaxSi, SeSis Rumels mousxdebian da qveynis
ambebs arCeven.
aucileblad waval. male, sanam gzebi gaixsneba da sanam soflis gzebze welamde
Tovli devs.
nino lomaZe
mogvwereT, editor@shokoladi.ge
Cveni avtorebi
nino beqiSvili
saqarTveloSi jerjerobiT ar dawyebula diskusia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra unda
vuyoT gasuli saukunis 70 wels _ saqarTvelos sabWoTa istorias. mediaSi
am Temaze TiTqmis araferi iwereba, arc samecniero kvlevebis Sesaxebaa
cnobili sazogadoebisTvis. qarTvelebis umetesobas sabWoTa istoriisgan
gaTavisufleba martivi ambavi gvgonia _ magaliTad, goridan stalinis
Zeglis aReba an, meore msoflio omSi daRupuli gmirebis xsovnisadmi
miZRvnili memorialis afeTqeba. arc imis gaxseneba gvsiamovnebs, rom aq
vinme piotr ivanovi ki ar Semosula, meTerTmete armias sergo orjonikiZe
SemouZRva da is cnobili 25 Tebervlis depeSac qarTvelis, filipe maxara-
Zis dawerilia. raRaa gasaxsenebeli _ 90-ianebSi orjonikiZis Zeglic aviReT
da mTawmindaze filipe maxaraZis saflavic avafeTqeT. am oris sakiTxi
namdvilad mogvarebulia. iqneb, imis mizezi, sabWoTa istoris Sesaswavlad
da gasaazreblad rom ver movicaleT, Sidapolitikuri areulobebiT,
qaosiT da omebiT damZimebuli wlebia? 2006 wels TbilisSi „okupaciis
muzeumi“ gaixsna. TavisTavad es saxelic „okupaciis muzeumi“ ukve cxadad
asaxavs xelisuflebis ritorikas _ saqarTvelo msxverplia. ra Tqma unda _
aris, amaze WkuaTmyofeli ver ikamaTebs, magram Cveni wili pasuxismgebloba
sadRac haerSia gamokiduli. aravis unda qarTveli jalaTebis gaxseneba.
maTze, vinc jer „danosebs“ werdnen, xolo Semdeg sixaruliT ikavebdnen daxvretili
da gadasaxlebuli mezoblebis saxlebs, arasdros visaubrebT ise,
rogorc winaprebze. arc msxverplTa vinaoba viciT (ramdenime gamonaklisis
garda) da, miT umetes _ arc jalaTebis. `okupaciis muzeumis~ pirvelive
darbazSi erT kedelze tyviebiT dacxriluli is vagonia gamofenili, sadac
1924 wels bolSevikebma SorapanSi asobiT adamiani daxvrites, meore mxares
ki uzarmazar ekranze vardebis revoluciis amsaxveli videokadrebi Seu-
Cereblad trialebs _ rogor Semodis mcxeTidan manqanebis jaWvi, rogor
svams saakaSvili SevardnaZis Cais, rogor zeimobs mTeli qarTveli eri
da a.S. Tan muzeumia, romelsac sul sxva datvirTva unda hqondes, meore
mxriv ki _ banaluri oficialuri propaganda, is, rasac ukve karga xania,
miveCvieT da SeiZleba, Tvalsa da yurs aRarc gvWrides. Tumca, mTavari
siurprizi „okupaciis muzeumis“ sadarbazo kibeebzea gamofenili: absoluturad
sabWoTa esTetikiT Sesrulebuli foto _ saakaSvili da iuSCenko
bavSvebTan erTad, Tanac zustad ise, rogorc kompartiis pirveli mdivnebi
gvinaxavs pataraobisas _ liderebi siyvaruliT, mzrunveli saxeebiT dahyureben
bavSvebs. `okupaciis muzeumSi~ ucxoel stumrebTan, Tanac stalinizmis
profesional mkvlevrebTan erTad movxvdi. maT Soris iyo arseni
roginskic, visTan interviusac am nomerSi waikiTxavT.
8 cxeli Sokoladi
nino ZanZava
saqarTveloSi weliwadSi ramdenime
srulmetraJian mxatvrul films iReben,
romelTa biujeti, adgilobrivi resursebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, arcTu ise dabalia
da naxevari milionidan erTi milioni
laris farglebSi meryeobs. filmebs safestivalo
cxovrebac aqvT da adgilobriv
gaqiravebaSic trialebs. maRalCinosnebi
qarTuli kinos SesamCnevad mzard potencialze
akeTeben gancxadebebs. Tumca,
rodesac Cemi profesiiT dainteresebul
axal nacnobebs veubnebi, _ kinokritikosi
var meTqi, _ gakvirvebulebi mpasuxoben:
rogor unda wero imaze, rac ar ariso.
am kiTxvas gansakuTrebiT xSirad taqsis
mZRolebi svamen. is adamianebi, visTvisac
dRes kino namdvilad ar arsebobs.
samagierod, maT warsuli axsovT, rodesac
kinoSi siaruli yoveldRiuri cxovrebis
nawili iyo. kinematografis sicocxlisunarianobas
misi masobrioba ganapirobebs.
SeiZleba arsebobdes elituri kino, magram
ar arsebobs elituri kinoindustria.
saqarTveloSi kinowarmoebis procesi ar
aris Sekruli. marTalia, gaCnda teqnikuri
saSualebebi, magram ara filmis warmoebis
yvela etapisTvis. gaumarTavia warmoebis
procesisTvis saWiro infrastruqtura, ar
arsebobs srulyofili laboratoriuli
momsaxureba, normaluri kinoproeqcia,
filmis dacvis pirobebi, kinokritika,
safestivalo sivrce, distribucia, bolos
da bolos _ taqsistebi ar dadian kinoSi.
`TbilRvino~ 2009 wels
STambeWdavi SedegebiT asrulebs
2009 wlis SedegebiT `TbilRvino~ #1 Rvinis eqsportiori
kompaniaa saqarTveloSi.
2009 wels `TbilRvinom~ ISO 9001 (xarisxis marTvis
sistema) da ISO 22000 (sakvebis uvneblobis marTvis sistema)
sertifikatebi miiRo.
2009 wels `TbilRvinos~ produqciam yvelaze prestiJul
saerTaSoriso konkuresebze 14 medali moipova, maT Soris
2 oqros da 4 vercxlis medalia.
mimoxilva
ubraloebis ZiebaSi kibernetikulsa
da meqanikurs Soris
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: qeTo caava
19 dekembers Tbilisis samxatvro
akademiis kursdamTavrebulma
giorgi maRraZem personaluri
gamofena gamarTa Tbilisis Tojinebis
muzeumis erT-erT darbazSi.
Tbilisis saerTo kulturuli
monotonurobis fonze es gamofena
sasiamovno araadekvaturobad
gamoiyureboda.
rogorc wesi, Tanamedrove mxatvris
mxridan dadaizmze pirdapiri
apelireba groteskad an gulubryvilo
pativiscemad aRiqmeba
xolme, radgan miiCneva, rom mas
Semdeg didi dro gavida da xelovneba
ukve mraval axal mimdinareobasa
Tu tendenciaSi
transformirda. dadaizmis idea,
romelic sityvebisa da niSnebis
wminda formamde dayvanas da Semdeg
ukve maTi axali, frivoluri
mniSvnelobebiT aRWurvas emsaxureba,
100 wlis Semdegac kargad
Cans dakvirvebuli TvalisTvis.
aseTebi arian kiber-filosofosi
da mwerali hakim bei, igive piter
lamborn uilsoni, sakuTari, fragmentuli
da seriuli ornamentebis
10 cxeli Sokoladi
nawerebiT; an meTiu barni, romlis
logo, marTalia, ukve sinTetikuri
faqturisaa, magram mainc
makratlis gamosaxulebiT.
dadaizmis idea sadac cocxlobs,
iq, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamianebs
wignis wakiTxva jer ar daviwyebiaT.
diax, swored wakiTxva da ara
kiTxva. aseTi wakiTxvebi swored
dadaizms ufro ukavSirdeba da
ara semiotikas an struqturalizms,
radgan Tu niSnebis formebis
mowesrigebaze vlaparakobT, unda
vaRiaroT, rom forma pirvel rig-
Si swored rom vizualuria da misi
kvalic Tanamedrove vizualur xelovnebis
sawyisebSi unda veZeboT.
giorgi maRraZis namuSevrebis
faqturaSi aSkara iyo gzavnili
kibernetikulze. mxatvari
gvTavazobda saukeTeso saTamaSo
moedans, mxiaruli miniSnebebiT
kargad nacnob qrestomaTiul dadaistur
Sriftebze da dizainze.
Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi damkvidrebuli
konteqstisaTvis es
namuSevrebi marTlac lamaz da
daxvewil saTamaSoebs hgavda,
romelTa gamoyenebiTi funqciac
ucnobi iyo.
iSviaTia, rom dRevandel saqarTveloSi
dadaisturi apelirebebi
morigi dacinviT ar damTavrdes,
radgan aq jer kidev namdvilad
ar muSaobs me-20 saukunis esTetikuri
postulati `rogor~ da
ara `ra~. saqarTveloSi cdiloben
weron bodriaris filosofiaze da
simulakraze, magram qveyanas jer
arc erTi Tanamedrove xati ar
Seuqmnia da saxalxo artistebi Tu
masobrivi scenis varskvlavebi jer
isev ara suraT-xatebad, imijebad
an bilbordebad, aramed `karg an
magar kacebad da qalebad~, karg
pirovnebebad moiazrebian mxolod.
suraT-xati an saTqmeli,
romlis miRmac ar Cans adamiani,
aris is mTavari, riTac mTeli Tanamedrove
dasavleTi arsebobs.
Cven am simulakrasadmi dauokebeli
simpaTia gvaqvs, magram moraliT
vapelirebT da kvlav Soreul
moswavleebad vrCebiT. swored
pirovnulobis aRmoufxvreli
kultis da cvalebadi moraluri
Sexedulebebis gamo mTlianad gadavagdeT
yvelaferi, rac ki memkvidreobiT
SegveZlo dagvetovebina
sabWoTa dizainis gamzadebuli
struqturebidan. dRes Cvens moqalaqes
ara aqvs saSualeba, icodes
art nuvo an sabWoTa konstruqtivizmi,
radgan moralis prioritetiT
Semofargvla infantiluri
zRaprebiT dakmayofilebis
pirobas qmnis, rogoricaa xuTkun-
Wula an komble. giorgi maRraZis
gamofenis adgilic simboluri da
zRaprulia _ isev Tojinebis an
marionetebis muzeumi.
dRes moulodneli ar unda
iyos axalgazrdebis pretenzia
cifrul snobizmze. kibernetikulTan
Sexeba CvenSi prioritetia,
magram mxolod SMS-ebis gau-
Cerebeli, nevrotuli gagzavniT
Semoifargleba. saqarTveloSi
Catma ukve imdenad Caanacvla wignic
da cxovrebac, rom erotikuli
voiaJebi ki ara, albaT internetiT
qorwili da bavSvis gaCenac Sesa-
Zleblad eCvenebaT. xolo is, rom
dasavleTSi axalgazrda adamianebi
kafeebSic ki wignebis gareSe arasodes
arian, CvenTan warmoudgenlis
sazRvrebs scildeba.
SeiZleba paradoqsia, magram mxolod
TamaSs da simulakras Seu-
Zlia adamiani gamoiyvanos rTuli
gaucxoebidan, dramatizebidan da
tragizmidan, rasac yovelTvis
dros da epoqas abraleben. am mniSvnelobiT
ki, vin ityvis, rom Tama-
Si seriozuli ram ar aris? dadaizmi
TamaSi iyo da swored aseTi
TamaSi gvaseriozulebs imdenad,
rom SegviZlia naTeli da dalagebuli
xedviT SevxedoT cxovrebas
da yvelaferi davinaxoT im sizustiT
da ubraloebiT, rogor-
Sic is aris.
gamosavali ubraloebasa da daTmobaSia.
aseTi gamosavali ipova axalgazrda
mxatvarma giorgi maRra-
Zem, romelmac dRevandeli drois
Sesabamis sakuTar enas miagno. es
umniSvnelo ram ar aris, Tumca
cxadia, rom mis stilze SeiZleba
jer adre iyos saubari da mxatvarma
kidev bevrjer SeiZleba gadauxvios
arCeuli gzidan. gulwrf-
eloba ki namdvilad saxezea, rac
yovelTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovania.
gabedulebaa, rodesac aseTi nihilisturi,
virtualuri snobizmis
droSi ar uSindebi bohemur, pankur
da avangardistul aluziebs da
reminiscenciebs mxolod imis imedad,
rom es yvelaferi dRevandeli
moduri, samomxmareblo, advili
dizainis da aplikaciebis enasTan
uzadod gaqvs Serwymuli; garSemo
ki xelovnebis mTeli Tanamedrove
struqtura orad or models
imeorebs _ erTi mxriv, saloni
da sruli mgrZnobelobiTi stagnaciaa
gamefebuli, xolo meore
mxriv, daStampuli postmodernizmi,
romelic saleqcio darbazis
anda trafaretuli Jurnalistikis
moTxovnebs Zlivs scildeba.
erTi ram cxadia, giorgi maRraZe
sentimentalizmSi namdvilad ar
aris CaZiruli, man ubralod igrZno
niSnebis realuri Zala, riTac
sakuTari dramatuli faqturebisa
da zedapirebis Seqmna SeuZlia.
cxeli Sokoladi 11
mimoxilva
xinkali da koketoba
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: Temo barZimaSvili
gasul Tves axalgazrda artistma
da aqtivistma nikoloz luti-
Zem `niu art kafeSi~ 20 dekembers
warmoadgina performansi `xarSva~.
gamofenis mosawvevs xinkali exata,
kote sulaberiZis grafikuli
SesrulebiT. performansis anonsi
gvauwyebda Tezisebs, romlebic
Tanamedrove sivrceSi warmar-
Tuli realobis reabilitirebaze
migvaniSnebda. xinkaliT artisti
albaT migvaniSnebda cxovelis msxverplSewirvis
velur gadmonaSTebze
da vegetarianizmze, rogorc
araZaladobaze nebismieri sicocxlis
mimarT. marTlac, Tanamedrove
Tbilisi, ise, rogorc arasdros,
saxinklebiTaa savse.
misasalmebelia, rom nikoloz
lutiZis performansi simboluri
datvirTvis ar aRmoCnda da masSi
mxatvris mier SemoTavazebuli
sawyisi Tezisebis pirdapiri ilustraciebi
ar gvixilavs. anu mas ar
Semoutania darbazSi xinkliT savse
qvabi da Tavze mduRare naxarSi
ar gadausxams. erTaderTi, rac
yvelaze moulodneli iyo, artistma
kros-dresingis (sawinaaRmdego
sqesis tansacmelSi gamowyoba) performansi
SemogvTavaza. is Cacmuli
iyo rogorc drag-qvini, qalis
12 cxeli Sokoladi
tansacmelSi gamowyobili transvestiti
da rogorc Tanamedrove
iaponuri butos Teatris mocekvave.
da man danapirebi Segvisrula
_ gviCvena misi sxeulis simZimis
centri da eqspresiuli reagireba
sayovelTao xarSvis gacxovelebul
ritualebze.
kros-dresingis elementebi saqarTvelos
artistul konteqstSi
Segvxvedria gia eZgveraZesTan,
zura jiSkarianTan, miSa andRulaZesTan
`SabaTis SouSi~, magram
konceptualuri, pankuri Tu komediuri
esTetikis miRma, es strategia,
rogorc ubralod artistuli
eqspresia, gamoyenebuli ar yofila.
artisti gviCvenebda, Tu rogoria
misi sxeulis reagireba dRevandel
brutalur warmarTobaze.
nikoloz lutiZis performansi
gamoirCeoda gawelili tempiT,
romelic sulac ar aRmoCnda mosabezrebeli
da man erTgvar meditaciaSic
ki CarTo auditoria.
swored am niSniT hgavda es performansi
butos esTetikas, sadac
Senelebuli moZraobebis ritmi namuSevris
Sinaarss mniSvnelovnad
gansazRvravs. aq butos esTetikas
ritualuri dekoratiuli grimic
Segvaxsenebda, rac, saerTod, sxeu-
lis mokvdavobaze pirdapiri miniSneba
iyo, swored imave sxeulis,
romelic erotiulobis obieqtic
aris da mizezic. am mxriv, nikoloz
lutiZesTan yovelgvari miniSneba
seqsualurze sabolood isev
sxeulis kritikad gadaiqceoda da
sikvdilisa da seqsualuris aseTi
Tanaarseboba saqarTveloSi kempis
esTetikis precedents qmnida.
xinkali da koketoba _ ase aRvwerdi
nikoloz lutiZis performansis
gzavnils. CvenSi gavrcelebul
ukiduresad materialistur
msoflxedvebSi, rac siduxWiriT
aris ganpirobebuli, koketoba
mainc arasodes Tmobs poziciebs
da cdilobs, rac SeiZleba erotikulad
da seqsualurad gamoiyurebodes.
maSinac ki, rodesac
tradiciuli sazogadoeba sajarod
koketobas gmobs da ar Rebulobs,
rogorc adamianis macdunebel
elements. safrangeTis revoluciis
dros, direqtoriis epoqaSi,
kostumirebulma koketobam marTlac
piks miaRwia. sainteresoa,
ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli igive
CvenTan, rodesac liberalizmi da
eTnocentrizmi, dogma da erosi
realurad erTmaneTTan sabrZolo
poziciebSia.
audio da video teqnika
maRali xarisxis audio-video diskebi
xidis quCa #2
(mSrali xidis mimdebare teritoria)
momRerali
qeTi melua
tel.: 47 56 12
www.pegasigroup.ge
mowodebebi poeziad
avtori: daviT CixlaZe
foto: marika qoCiaSvili
dekemberi marTlac datvirTuli
aRmoCnda da ara imdenad raodenobrivad,
aramed warmodgenili iventebis
xasiaTis TvalsazrisiT, rac
SeiZleba mokled daxasiaTdes, rogorc
aqtivizmisa da esTetizmis
iRbliani da iSviaTi Sexamebebi. 21
dekembers xatia SiukaSvilis poeturi
wignis `Savi leqsebi an ukan
ssrk-sken~ prezentacia `art-kafe
qaravanSi~ saimedo, magram arcTu
bolomde dadgenil impulsebs gvigzavnida,
rom CvenSi TviT yvelaze
uimedo sferomac ki, rasac literatura
hqvia, kvlav naxa saSualeba
axali, dRevandeli poetikisa da enis
moZebna daiwyos _ samitingo enisa
da poetikis. rTuli gziT siaruli
gadawyvita xatia SiukaSvilma, poetma,
ukve araerTi sayuradRebo
krebulis avtorma, romelic aqamde
wminda lirikuli impulsis poetad
SegveZlo mogveazrebina.
rodesac platonma socialuri
amjobina poeturs, man poeturi teqsti
albaT samoqalaqo mowodebebiT
Secvala. mxolod saqarTveloSi Sei-
Zleba Segxvdes imdenad Tavdajere-
14 cxeli Sokoladi
buli da umanko poeti, rom masTan
platonic da sxva msgavsi wminda
wylis suraT-xatebi mxolod kekluci
saubris sagnad rCeba. poeziaSi
samoqalaqo paTosi adrec saeWvo
iyo da Cven amisTvis araerTi marTlac
SesaniSnavi sabWoTa poetis
Cumi gasamarTleba mogvixda. poezia
ver egueba mis sxeulSi sxva enebis
SemoWras da masSi araTu mowodebebi,
TviT filosofiuri gansjebic
ki meorexarisxovnad miiCneva. amitom
sjobs, poetma weras daanebos
Tavi, vidre poezia rame sxvas, Tundac
eTikurad amaRlebuls an truizmebis
deklamirebas amsaxuros.
ra suraTia saqarTvelos poetur
sivrceSi? mTel areals jiutad
avsebs zomieri verlibri, sadac
aranairi enobrivi da tropuli eqsperimenti,
ukve didi xania, aRar mimdinareobs
da principSi isic igive
paradigmaa, rac mis mierve uaryofili
tradiciuli leqsi.
xatia SiukaSvilis wignis prezentacia
garkveulwilad sensaciasac
gulisxmobda. bolodroindeli tendencia
saqarTveloSi, rom an saer-
Tod unda gaCumde anda ukiduresad
iaqtiuro da iyviro, am saRamozec
dadasturda. zura rTveliaSvilis
msgavsad, garda imisa, rom es axalgazrda
poeti qalic aqtivistia,
anu monawileobs samoqalaqo gamosvlebsa
da politikur mitingebze, mis
leqsebSic xSiria mowodebebi, epataJuri
frazeologia da erTgvarad
xazgasmuli mZafri protestis
grZnoba. piradad CemTvis es poeziis
pirvelxarisxovani elementebi ar
aris, radgan ar mgonia, poezia informatiuli
saTqmelis iaraRi iyos.
da gansxvavebiT isev zura rTveliaSvilisgan,
xatia SiukaSvils
politikasTan profesia akavSirebs,
is studenti, axalgazrdobis demokratiuli
ligis prezidentia,
xolo diplomatia misi Seswavlis
sagania. politikosi seriozul poetur
gancxadebas akeTebdes, araTu
iSviaTia, ormxrivad sariskoc aris.
magram vin icis, ra siurprizebs
gvimzadebs axali, 21-e saukune, sadac
`xelovneba xelovnebisTvis~
nacvlad SeiZleba gaCndes raime
utopiuri, rogoricaa, vTqvaT, `xe-
lovneba politikisTvis~.
Tu xatia SiukaSvilis poetikas
politikur da aqtivistur komponentebs
CamovacilebT, is Cven winaSe
warsdgeba, rogorc kargad nacnobi
lirikuli poezia konvenciuri formiT,
magram sadac, erTi SexedviT,
axali TiTqmis araferi xdeba formis
TvalsazrisiT. mTeli am aqtivisturi
xmauris gamo SeiZleba ifiqro,
rom xatia SiukaSvili ar aris
is poeti, vinc ikvlevs niSans, rogorc
Sinaarss. saboloo jamSi ki es
imas niSnavs, rom aseTi poeti arc
aris poeti saerTod.
aseTi, mowodebiTi poetikis sarisko
zonaSi, sadac mkiTxvels
lamazi sityvebiT veRar gaabrueb
da yursac ki mosWri mas, an raRac
gulubryvilo gamorCenis imedad
SeiZleba Seexetos vinme anda iseTi
gabeduli poeturi mowodebis mqone
Semoqmedi Segvxvdes, vinc fiqrobs,
rom daRupva sjobia, vidre mkvdrad
arseboba.
msgavsad yvela 2000-ianeli poetisa,
isic cdilobs iyos axali, magram
am Taobas jerjerobiT saTqmeli ar
moutania. mizezi ki is aris, rom isini
yuradRebas ar aqceven formas. maT
uaryves forma, rogorc marqsistuli
gadmonaSTi da mTlianad wminda
ideas miecnen TavianTi azriT. for-
ma maTTvis mxolod saSualebaa. anu
cduneba laparakisa didia da aravis
axsovs 20-e saukunis mTavari esTetikuri
ideologiis postulatebi:
`forma aris saTqmeli~ da `saSualeba
aris Sinaarsi~. Cveni koleqtiuri
forma ki sazogadoebaa da masze
pasuxismgeblobas politika ewodeba.
xolo udidesi gabedulebis da
mgrZnobelobis mqone unda iyos poeti,
rom politikuri aqcios sakuTar
samuSao arealad, sakuTar formad,
sakuTar saTqmelad.
miuxedavad yvelafrisa, mainc aris
raRac, rac am tipis miswrafebaSi Sei-
Zleba gvizidavdes da gamoarCevdes
mas sxva danarCenisgan. upirveles
yovlisa, es aris TviTon intonacia
narativis. swored intonaciam
gadaarCina zurab rTveliaSvili
aseTive rTul gzaze, rodesac man
avangardistuli gemovneba da mowodeba
masobrivi xelovnebis momxmareblebs
ZaliT SesTavaza TiTqmis
yovelgvari warmatebis gareSe.
magram TviTon ki SeZlo poetad
gadarCena. es intonacia iyo, rac
adre, aseve, dalila bedianiZes panacead
gamoadga. swored intonacia
gamoarCevs poets da ara Sinaarsebi
da sadRac sxvagan arsebuli saTqmeli.
SegviZlia kidev Sors wavideT:
ramdenime poetia, vinc truizmebiT
mimoxilva
Tavis gatana SeZlo _ albaT, mainc
ufro SoTa rusTaveli da daviT
guramiSvili. ilia WavWavaZe swored
am truizmebis maqsimalizaciis gamo
ar miiCnia bevrma srulfasovan poetad.
da Tu kargad davukvirdebiT,
swored ilia WavWavaZis poetikis reabilitaciazea
dRes laparaki xatia
SiukaSvilTan. aseTi SesaZlebeli
ambiciiT ki ara mxolod axali poeturi
ena iqneba dadgenili da aRmoCenili,
aramed saTqmelic ufro humanuri,
araabstrahirebuli gaxdeba da
bevri adamianis realur satkivarTan
da bedTan miva.
xatia SiukaSvilis ambicias, rogorc
yvela wamowyebas, bevri sir-
Tule elodeba win. Tu saerTod
SeZlo aseTma fenomenma ganviTareba
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi,
romelic, rogorc avtors miaCnia,
mTlianad erTi gansxeulebuli
luarsab TaTqariZea da ara ilia
WavWavaZe, vinc sakuTar TavSi gonebrivi
sizarmace daZlia. poet qalTan
es amocana dgas _ rogor gadavaqcioT
mowodebebi poeziad, anu
rogor gamoviyenoT dRevandeli realoba
poeziis sasargeblod. da Tu
imasac gavixsenebT, rom namdvili
poeti yovelTvis Tavidan ibadeba,
maSin xatia SiukaSvilisTvisac es
kidev erTi saintereso dasawyisia.
cxeli Sokoladi 15
anqos TamaSi mecnierulad...
anu ufasod mijaWvuli `promeTe~
avtori: daviT buxrikiZe
ufulo kulturisa da ukulturo
festivalebis dro, rogorc Cans,
uaxlesi istoriis arqivs bolomde
ver CavabareT. Tanac arqivebi dagvianebiTac
ixsneba xolme da ukve
kargad nacnobi faqtebi Tavdayira
dgeba. magram mivendoT optimizms
da davijeroT, rom saqarTveloSi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso
kinofestivali, romelic yoveli
wlis noember-dekemberSi imarTeba,
aRar iqneba imdenad Rataki, rom momavalSi
misma organizatorebma oficialuri
safestivalo konkursis Catareba
ver SeZlon da verc mTavari
prizi _ `oqros promeTe~ gascen.
cxadia, Cveni dagvianebuli refleqsia
ganvlil safestivalo ambebs
veRar Secvlis. Semodgoma Zalian
datvirTuli aRmoCnda Sida da gare
kulturuli aqciebiT, festivalebiT,
SexvedrebiT Tu Tanamedrove
`art-zonebis~ mauwyebeli gamofenebiT.
amasobaSi Tbilisis saerTaSoriso
kinofestivali erTgvarad `daiCagra~
kidec. qveyanaSi mniSvnelovani
nebismieri kulturuli movlena an
16 cxeli Sokoladi
festivali qveynis imijzec aisaxeba,
ase vTqvaT _ misi savizito baraTia,
romelic ar SeiZleba raime socialur
an kulturul koniunqturas
SevwiroT. ar SeiZleba arc kinematografiuli
`promeTe~ davamSioT
da arc Teatraluri `saCuqrebis~
gacema avkrZaloT. Tumca es ufro
seriozuli Temaa.
Tbilisis pirveli saerTaSoriso
Teatraluri festivali rom kargad
iyo reklamirebuli da misi biujeti
or milions gascda, lamis yvela gazeTma
Tu Jurnalma gvamcno, rac TavisTavad
sasamovno moulodnelobaa,
magram ratom ergo ukve fexze damdgar
`promeTes~ mxolod asi aTasamde
lari? miT umetes, rom festivalis
organizatorebi saiubileo, meaTe
festivalisTvis Tadarigs winaswar
aucileblad daiWerdnen. ara mgonia
an sponsorebs gamoeCinoT garkveuli
ugulisyuroba, an kulturis, Zegl-
Ta dacvisa da sportis saministros
_ siZunwe.
ramdenadac viciT, saxelmwifom
kino lamis mTavar prioritetad
levan koRuaSvili, `quCis dReebi~
gamoacxada da uaxles kinoproeqtebSic
sakmaod didi fuli Caido,
magram... luiji komenCinis cnobili
filmis personaJisa ar iyos, `banqos
TamaSs simkacre da eSmakoba sWirdeba,
iseve rogorc `mecnieruli~
midgoma~.
roca Jurnali `cxeli Sokoladi~
Tbilisis kinofestivalis dReebSi
saintereso kinoblogebs qmnida
da diskusiebs awyobda, ver
gaiTvaliswinebda, rom eqvsdRiani
`kinomaraTonis~ Sedegebi da analizi,
garkveuli mizezebis gamo, Cven
furclebze dagvianebiT aisaxeboda.
amdenad, gacilebiT ufro saintereso
iqneboda festivalis zogadi
politika, filmebis SerCevis Taviseburebani,
naklovani Tu dadebiTi
mxareebi. cxadia, aucilebeli perspeqtivis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
Tbilisis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis
aTwliani istoria 2000
wlidan iwyeba, rodesac is pirvelad
festival `saCuqaris~ farglebSi
gaimarTa. ori wlis Semdeg ki damoukidebeli
statusi miiRo da calke
maik li. `vera dreiki~
karolin linki, `zamTarSi erTi weli gaxdeba~ nika maCaiZe, `anarekli~
festivalad Camoyalibda. igi yoveli
wlis Semodgomaze, daaxloebiT
erTi kviriT epatiJeba kinomanebs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, wels prizebi,
iseve rogorc `oqros promeTe~, ar
gaica. gasul wels mTavari prizi
stefan arsenieviCis films `siyvaruli
da sxva danaSaulobani~ mieniWa;
`vercxlis promeTe~ ki saukeTeso
reJisurisTvis ozjan alperis `Semodgomas~
gadasces.
qarTuli kinematografisaTvis
yvelaze warmatebuli mainc 2005
weli gamodga. gela babluans `vercxlis
promeTe~ gadaeca saukeTeso
reJisurisaTvis (filmi `cameti~),
xolo levan TuTberiZis `mogzauroba
yarabaRSi~ fipresiT daajildoves.
manamde, 2004 wels `oqros
promeTes~ mflobeli dito cincaZe
gaxda, romlis pirveli didi evropuli
warmateba _ `gasrolis SiSi~
(san-sebastianis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalze)
reJisoris samSoblo-
Sic gaiziares.
ukve aTwliani gadasaxedidan kargad
Cans organizaciuli sakiTxebis
sirTule da mudmivi finansuri problema,
romelsac festivalis direqcia
TiTqmis yovelwliurad awydeba.
saimedo partniorebi _ goeTes
instituti, diumas saxelobis franguli
kulturis centri, `qarTul-
britanuli kulturis platforma~
da sxvadasxva qveynis saelCoebi mudmivad
TanamSromloben festivalTan,
rac mxolod misasalmebelia. samagierod,
lamis minimalur donezea
yofili sabWoeTis qveynebTan kavSiri
da arc maTi axali filmebiT vart
ganebivrebulebi.
finansurma krizisma da uprizod
darCenilma festivalma (romelic
Jurnalistebma `upatarZlo
qorwils~ Seadares), cxadia, sasiamovno
STabeWdileba ver datova kinomanebze,
magram sapremiero Cvenebebma
da gansakuTrebiT saintereso stumrebis
Camosvlam sagrZnoblad gamoacocxla
safestivalo atmosfero.
marto didi britaneli reJisoris,
maik lis stumroba, misi filmebi da
masterklasi xom ukve movlenaa.
festivali kinoTeatr `amiranSi~
swored maik lis cnobili filmiT _
`vera dreiki~ daixura, romelsac Tavad
reJisoric eswreboda. veneciis
kinofestivalis triumfatori da
sam `oskarze~ nominirebuli filmi
(reJisura, scenari da qalis mTavari
roli) did britaneTSi 50-ian wleb-
Si aralegalur abortebs exeba. vera
dreiki gulwrfelad, usasyidlod
da `keTili zraxviT~ exmareba qalebs,
anu, maSindeli kanonis mixedviT,
Cadis danaSauls.
mimoxilva
reJisori xazgasmulad neitraluria
personaJis mimarT da gvitovebs
saSualebas, Tavad SevafasoT damnaSavea
vera dreiki Tu garemoebis
msxverpli. mkacri da pirquSi realizmi
ar ewinaaRmdegeba SesaniSnav
retro-stilizacias da, rac mTavaria,
maik li ar aris moralisti.
festivalma aseve gaixsena britaneli
reJisoris filmebi `SiSveli~ da
`udardeli~.
radgan finaliT daviwyeT, aqve
davZenT, rom festivali levan ko-
RuaSvilis axali filmiT, `quCis
dReebiT~ gaixsna, romelic ukve ianvris
bolos roterdamis saerTaSoriso
kinofestivalis oficialur
konkursSi iqneba warmodgenili. ko-
RuaSvilis films erTi SexedviT banaluri
siuJeti aqvs _ policielebi
aSantaJeben `staJian~ narkomans, rom
man sakuTari megobris Svils wamali
gaukeTos, Semdeg ki mdidarma mamam
Svilis gamosaxsnelad didi fuli gadaixados.
umTavresi filmSi mainc garemoa _
cxadi, zusti da Semzaravi, romelic
reJisorma daundobeli neitralurobiTa
da yovelgvari sentimentebis
gareSe asaxa. aranakleb mniSvnelovania,
rom filmSi monawile msaxiobebi
siyalbis gareSe TamaSoben, rac
qarTuli kinosaTvis namdvilad
cxeli Sokoladi 17
siurprizia. da mainc, sruliad moulodnelia
guga kotetiSvilis mier
gansaxierebuli mTavari gmiri, 45
wlis carieli da martosuli `Ceki~,
romelsac cnobili dizaineri yovelgvari
paTetikisa da xelovnuri
dramatizmis gareSe TamaSobs; ubralod
da gansacvifrebeli realurobis
gancdiT.
levan koRuaSvili zedmiwevniT
kargad icnobs imedgacruebul, depresiul
90-ianelTa `dakargul~ Taobas,
romelmac sakuTari cxovreba
erT unayofod saSinel kiTxvas gadaayola
_ sad da rogor viSovoT
wamali? magram ufro saSiSia, roca
ufrosi Taobis magaliTi avadmyofurad
gadamdebi xdeba; roca gza arsaiT
midis, xolo Tineijerebi skolis
merxebidan gadian `dakacebis~
gakveTilebs.
festivalis damaintrigebel dasawyissa
da maRalmxatvrul finals
Soris daaxloebiT 120 filmi moeqca;
mxatvruli, dokumenturi, reporta-
Juli, moklemetraJiani, ucxouri Tu
Sinauri. mayurebels eqvsi dRis ganmavlobaSi
SeeZlo nairgvari arCevani
gaekeTebina. magaliTad, axali germanuli
kino (karolin linkis fsiqologiuri
drama `zamTarSi erTi weli
gaxdeba~, an mixael balhauzis dokumenturi
filmi `berlinSi~); frangul
retrospeqtivas (loran kantes
SesaniSnavi `klasi~ an Zmebi dardenebis
gamorCeuli `lornas mdumareba~)
Seedarebina; enaxa SedarebiT ucnobi
italiuri filmebi: evropuli `seza-
18 cxeli Sokoladi
mateo garone, `gomora~
riT~ dajildoebuli, mateo garones
`gomora~ da erovnuli kinematografiuli
priziT `gamagrebuli~ paolo
benvenutis `puCini da gogona~. bevri
filmis naxva saerTod SeuZlebelic
iyo mkacri safestivalo grafikis
gamo.
radgan 2009 wels safestivalo
konkursi ar arsebobda, bevri re-
Jisori ufro momgebian situaciaSi
aRmoCnda. mayurebeli Tanabrad gadanawilda
darbazebsa da filmebs
Soris. veravin ityoda, romeli filmi
romels jobda. amitomac mayurebeli
sakuTar intuicias ufro
endo. qarTuli programidan, levan
koRuaSvilis garda, STabeWdileba
moaxdina moklemetraJiani filmebis
programam. gansakuTrebiT irakli
faniaSvilis Cumi simZafriTa da dramatizmiT
gamorCeulma filmma `sergo
goTorani~, romelic afxazeTidan
ltolvili ojaxis tragedias `ugmirod~
gviCvenebs, xolo operatoris,
naTela grigalaSvilis namuSevari
marTlac SesaniSnavia. moulodneli
rakursiT gamoirCeva nuca mesxiSvilis
`bedniereba~ (scenaris avtori
zaira arseniSvili) da 2008 wlis omisadmi
miZRvnili filmi `dadumebulebi~
(reJisori salome jaSi).
dramaturgiulad sainteresodaa
agebuli nino furcxvaniZisa da piter-ian
smitis filmi `ra Tqma unda
amerikaSi~, romelic aralegalur
emigraciasa da sasiyvarulo TavgadasavalSi
gaxlarTuli `mSvenieri
qarTveli qalis~ (msaxiobi qeTevan
loran kante, `klasi~
salome jaSi, `dadumebulebi~
xarSilaZe) istorias mogviTxrobs.
SedarebiT `norCebidan~ ki zaza rusa-
Zis `nakecebi da bzarebi~, nika maCai-
Zis `anarekli~, da sandro jandieris
Chamber piece (es ukanaskneli londonis
kinoskolaSi swavlobs) axdens
karg STabeWdilebas. dokumenturi
filmebis programidan unda gamovar-
CioT vano burdulis `konfliqtis
zona~ da oliko JRentis `knut hamsunis
kavkasiuri misteriebi~.
SedarebiT didi da warmatebuli
qarTvelebidan festivalma nana
jorjaZe, irakli kvirikaZe da nino
kirTaZe daafasa. safrangeTSi mcxovrebi
mixeil kobaxiZis 70 wlis iubile
da misi moklemetraJiani filmebis
retrospeqtiva gacilebiT
saintereso aRmoCnda, vidre nana
jorjaZis arafrismTqmeli da xelovnuri
zRapari-filmi `meteoidioti~.
aRarafers vambob nino kirTaZis
subieqtur da evropul koniunqturaze
gaTvlil dokumentur filmze
`zogi ram saqarTvelos Sesaxeb~,
romelic zeaRelvebuli saakaSvilis
tele-portrets ufro hgavs...
fragmentebi Tbilisis uprizo
kinofestivalis cxovrebidan SegveZlo
erTi SegonebiT dagvemTavrebina:
krizisi ufro gvaZlierebs,
radgan socialur imunitets amaRlebs.
ratomRac mgonia, rom samagierod,
festivalis dones akninebs
da ukve momdevno kinofestivalze,
`banqos TamaSi mecnierulad~ anu, eSmakoba
fulis dazogvis mizniT, aRar
gamova. Tumca, vin icis?!
imogzaure saqarTveloSi
yelis tba
avtori: sandro naveriani
foto: kote gabriCiZe
didi siamovnebiT davTanxmdi, damewera
rame rubrikis qveS `imogzaure
saqarTveloSi~. didi siamovnebiT
imitom, rom rac Tavi maxsovs, marTla
aqeT-iqiT davexetebi da araTu ku-
Txe, saqarTveloSi administraciuli
erTeuli ar meguleba, rom ar viyo
namyofi. hoda, ra gasakviria, rom gamixarda
da Tanac vifiqre, siamovnebi-
Tac davwer da didi tvinis Wyletac
ar damWirdeba, ra da rogor davweromeTqi.
da roca sawerad davjeqi, swored
maSin mivxvdi, rom me am qveynis
TiTqmis araferi vici. ki, bevri mixetialia
da yvelgan namyofi var, magram
is, rac mniSvnelovania, is, rac
ganasxvavebs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
kuTxeebs erTmaneTisgan _ adamianebi _
maT Sesaxeb araferi vici. garda imisa,
rom am aRmoCenam Zalian damamwuxra,
damafiqra kidec da Tvalic amixila
_ droa gavicno Cemi qveyana da viyo
ukeTesi turisti, vidre avstrieli
klausi, an Sveicarieli markusi.
am yvelafridan gamomdinare, gadavwyvite
dRes saqarTvelos im nawilze
mogiyveT, sadac aravin cxovrobs,
20 cxeli Sokoladi
garda gareuli cxovelebisa da zafxulobiT
karvebSi dabanakebuli turistebisa.
am adgils yelis tba hqvia
da dRes iq moxvedra TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.
ara imitom, rom zamTaria, aramed
imitom, rom yelis tbis mimdebare
teritorias dRes rusi da osi mesazRvreebi
akontroleben.
yelis tbaze moxvedra ramdenime
marSrutiT aris SesaZlebeli da aqedan
yvelaze popularuli TeTri aragvis
xeobidan, gudamayris marSruti
da qsnis xeobis marSrutia. amboben,
_ qsnis xeobidan jobs, ufro STambeWdavia,
bevrad ufro lamaziao. eg
marSruti me ar vici, me aqedan, aragvis
xeobidan wavedi, zemo mleTas
cota gavcdi da serpantinis pirvelive
mosaxvevSi Camovedi transportidan,
danarCeni fexiT unda gvevlo.
oTxni viyaviT _ Tiniko, daTo, Zia
da me. Tinikoc da daToc tye-RreSi
gamocdili mogzaurebi arian, mec,
ase Tu ise vqaCav, ai, Zias ki aSkarad
etyoboda, ro gamoucdeli iyo. amas
pirvelad maSin mivxvdiT, rodesac
transportidan Camosulebma bargis
gadanawileba daviwyeT. Zias iseTi
zurgCanTa hqonda wamoRebuli, erTi
kilometri ori kilo bargic ro etarebina,
mxarze mosakidebeli qamrebi
mxrebs moaWrida. es problema movagvareT,
magram mere aRmoCnda, ro
TiTqmis CustebiT iyo wamosuli, rac
imas niSnavda, ro erTi aTjer mainc
gadautrialdeboda fexi da SeiZleba
ukan mobrunebac ki dagvWirveboda.
Zias sasaxelod unda iTqvas, ro yvelaze
magrad iara. maSin 15 wlis iyo.
daviZariT da pirveli dabrkoleba
iq Segvxvda, sadac yazbegas saxli dgas
da saxls kidev ramdenime qofaki icavs.
yazbegas saxli aragvis marjvena
napirze (dinebis mimarTulebiT) sul
marto dgas, Sefenili mTis ferdze.
yazbega saxlSi ar iyo, misma qaliSvilebma
ki ZaRlebs veraferi mouxerxes,
amitomac TiTqmis kedelze
mogviwia xoxva. rogorc iqna, aviareT
yazbegas saxls ukan mTis ferdi da
gavswordiT. pirvelive naxevar saaTSi
ise daviRale, vifiqre, aqve gavSli
karavs-meTqi. sworze mwyemsebi
Segvxvdnen. salam-qalamis Semdeg, _
aba, saiT gagiweviaTo, _ da ro gaiges,
yelis tbaze mivdiodiT da Tan Cemi
qoSinic didxans ismines, Tavi gaaqnies
da gza dagviloces. ki gagvikvirda,
uxalisod ro agvixsnes gza, xelebiT
da Tavis gawev-gamoweviT, magram sami
dRis Semdeg, rodesac tbas mivaRwieT,
mivxvdiT ratomac gvixsnidnen uxalisod
_ amxela gzis Cveneba SeuZlebelia
da gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Ti-
Tqmis gzis dasawyisSi xar. mignebiT ki
mivagnebdiT, topografiuli samxedro
rukac gvqonda da Tan Tbilisidan
erTi TviT adre yelis tbaze namyofi
jaba malaRuraZec xazze iyo, da Tu
sadme orientirs vkargavdiT, egreve
zari jabasTan da, yvelaferi Tavis
adgilze dgeboda.
orsaaTnaxevari ise viareT, erTxelac
ar gavCerebulvarT da sakmaod
didi da rTuli monakveTi gaviareT.
dasasveneblad ro davsxediT, davinaxeT,
ro gudauri TiTqmis motovebuli
gvqonda. ise ki, ucnauri sanaxavi
iyo xevis meore mxares motitvlebuli
gudauri. amis Semdeg kidev cota viareT,
ramdenjerme SevisveneT da aragvis
saTavesTan misulebs, iq, sadac
miwas mowyvetili mdinare CanCqerad
iqceva, davbanakdiT. pirvelma dRem,
rukis da jabas monacemebis Tanaxmad,
sakmaod nayofierad Caiara, anu meore
dRes, daaxloebiT xuTi-eqvsi saaTis-
Tvis ukve yelis tba unda gvenaxa.
im Rames davkrifeT deka da gzad
daTreuli fiCxic mivayoleT da mSvenieri
koconi gamogvivida. davlieT
arayi, romelic imdeni gvqonda, sad
wagveRo, ar vicodiT da daviZineT.
ufro sworad ki daveyareT karvebSi
da gaviTiSeT.
meore dRe ufro rTuli iyo, vidre
wina RamiT warmogvedgina, cecxlis
garSemo mjdomebi arays ro vurtyamdiT.
pirvelad sworad yelis tbaze
gamovcade, Tu rogori mZime SeiZleba
iyos `paxmelia~. me da daTo davitanjeT,
rac Seexeba Zias da Tinikos, maT
araferi etyobodaT. miuxedavad imisa,
rom Zia da Tiniko mkvircxlad Seuyvnen
biliks, iZulebulni gaxdnen, Cemi da
daTos temps morgebodnen, amitomac
yelis tba verc im dRes vnaxeT. Tumca,
erTi aTjer mainc iyvira win wasulma
Ziam, _ vxedav, vxedavo, magram... Cven
vulkanur platos mivuyvebodiT, sadac
ramdenime aTeuli tba aris da albaT
gazafxulobiT kidev ufro meti.
Rame erT-erTi patara tbis napiras
gavaTieT. karvebi qviSaze gavSaleT
da gavimeoreT is, rac wina RamiT _
koconi, oRond cota mokrZalebuli
da dalevac kidev ufro mokrZalebuli.
raSic Tavi ar davzogeT, Wama iyo.
gemrielad mivirTviT da mkvdrebiviT
dagveZina.
daTom dilauTenia wamogvyara. Cven
patara sanapiros jer mze ar mosdgomoda,
kera, ra Tqma unda, gaciebuli
iyo, da amitomac CavicviT yvelaferi,
racki Tan gvqonda, ramenairad
sicives rom ar avetaneT. daTom jer
dasiebul saxeebze Semogvxeda, mere
karvebis garSemo da mTel plaJze jer
kidev Tbili daTvis nakvalevi gvanaxa
da xeli CrdiloeTiT gaiSvira, _ am
goras iqiT yelis tba ariso.
yelis tba marTlac ulamazesi sanaxaobaa,
miT ufro dilauTenia, jer
kidev haeri ro ar iZvris da tbas
mzis sxivebi ar dasdgomia. ggonia,
TiTqos uzarmazari sarkis namsxvrevi
gdia da masSi yvelaferi Cans, rac
mas zeviT aris. mzis amosvlis Semdeg
niavic dauberavs xolme da garda imisa,
ro tba mzis sxivebs ireklavs da
misi sruli silamaziT datkbobas ver
axerxeb, tbac livlivs iwyebs, da sarkis
efeqtic momaval dilamde qreba.
dilaobiT yelis tba yvelaze lamazia.
gadaviReT fotoebi, vibodialeT
aqeT-iqiT da or saaTSi banakSi davbrundiT.
jer aTi saaTic ar iyo. gadavwyviteT,
maleve avbargebuliyaviT,
rom is manZili erT dReSi Cagvevlo,
romlis amovlasac TiTqmis sami dRe
movandomeT. aq cotaTi kanonzomierebis
darRveva movisurveT albaT, da
amitomac moxda ise, rom mainc meore
dRes CavediT.
me mTeli meore dRe weli mawuxebda.
xo, damaviwyda meTqva, rom yovel
Rame wvimda. Cem karavSi wyali Semovida,
Sesabamisad saZile tomaraSic
da weli amitomac mtkioda _ gamicivda.
welis tkivilis gamo, CemTvis
imogzaure saqarTveloSi
adgoma-dajdoma did sirTuleebTan
iyo dakavSirebuli, amitomac daTos,
Tinikos da Zias vuTxari, _ me waval,
ar gavCerdebi, gaxurebulze saerTod
ar mawuxebs welis tkivili, da aragvis
saTavesTan dagelodebiT, iq, sadac
pirveli banaki gvqonda-meTqi. Ziam, _
mec wamogyvebio.
saaTnaxevari-ori saaTi iyo, rac
gzaSi viyaviT, me da Ziam srolis xma
rom gavigeT. Zalian Sors, daaxloebiT
40 wuTis savalSi qveviT davinaxeT,
wertilebi moZraobdnen. Zias
filosofiurad vuTxari, _ mwyemsebi,
maTTan SevisvenoT da iq davelodoT
daTos da Tinikos-meTqi. Tan
gamoricxuli iyo, daTo da Tiniko
agvcdenodnen _ ukana gzaze viRac
RvTisnieris mier agebul yorRanebs
movyvebodiT.
daaxloebiT 40 wuTSi adgilze mivediT.
manamde vxedavdiT, rom mwyemsebi
raRac ucnaurad gadaadgildebodnen.
arc rame oTxfexi dagvinaxavs da
cota eWvi ki Semepara _ mwyemsebisTvis
cota ucnaurad iqcevian-meTqi. mere
vifiqre, monadireebi iqnebian, aba,
sxva vin unda iyos-meTqi...
Руки вверх! _ didi lodis uknidan
gamoZvra axalgazrda ymawvili da
avtomati mogviSvira me da Zias. mas
kidev ori daexmara _ mogviSvires ruminuli
kalaSnikovebi; dagvagdes qvas-
Tan da gvekiTxebian aTas sisuleles.
Zias uxaria, erTferovnul Tbilisur
cxovrebas mowyvetili aseT ambav-
Si ro gaexvia. ver xvdeba, ramdenad
seriozulad SeiZleba ganviTardes
movlenebi da amitomac raRac sisuleleebs
laparakobs, mesazRvreebs
elaparakeba. aRmoCnda, rom osi mesazRvreebi
yofilan da Cven gvadanaSauleben
sazRvris ukanono gadakveTasa
da jaSuSobaSi. me da Zias (15 wlis
aris!). arafers ar gveubnebian, garda
imisa, ro cxinvalSi unda wagviyvanon
da xelisuflebas gadagvcen. gveubnebian,
rom Tavis megobrebs elodebian
da, rogorc ki isini movlen, cxinvalisken
daviZvrebiT, magram gamoCnda
erTi problema _ rodesac gvkiTxes,
marto xarT Tu arao, _ vuTxari, _
ki-meTqi. am Cemma daufiqrebelma pa-
cxeli Sokoladi 21
imogzaure saqarTveloSi
suxma kinaRam imsxverpla daTo: sanam
mesazRvreebis megobrebs velodebodiT,
erT-erTi mesazRvre, romelsac
SemdegSi rododendroni SevarqviT,
durbindiT aremares aTvalierebda.
uceb SaSxana (snaiperski vintovka ra)
moimarjva da Caujda. meorem hkiTxa,
_ ra xdebao, _ da rododendronma, _
viRac zangi da qali modiano. zangi
daTo iyo, wverebSi da damwvari saxiT.
amitomac, sanam yvelafers mivxvdebodi,
instinqtma daaswro Cem gonebas da
saswrafod iyvira _ не стреляйте, они с
нами...
sanam daTo da Tiniko Cvenamde movidnen
(gzaSi maTac egonaT, rom mwyemsebi
daxvdebodaT), avuxseni mesazRvreebs,
rom ar momityuebia isini,
rodesac vuTxari, marto varT-meTqi.
Cvenze win iyvnen da megona, ukve unagirs
iqiT iqnebodnen da amitomac
giTxari, rom marto varT, eseni aq
moCanCaleben-meTqi.
daTo da Tiniko gaRimebulebi movidnen,
Tinikos gzad alpuri yvavilebis
Taigulic ki Seekra. roca
mixvdnen, raSi iyo saqme, iseTive ga-
Rimebulebi darCnen da gverdiT mogvisxdnen.
hoda visxediT ase gaRimebulebi,
sanam is sami mesazRvrec ar
movida. yvelaze uaryofiTi gmiri teroristi
Tu gagaxsendaT vinme, romelime
amerikuli `boevik~-trileridan,
ai, sworad eg gmiri iyo erT-erTi im
samidan da amitomac mis danaxvaze
Rimili bunebrivad wameSala da sa-
Sineli mwuxareba gamomexata saxeze.
yvelaferze vifiqre, rac ki damiSavebia
cxovrebaSi da vinane yvelaferi,
22 cxeli Sokoladi
risi gakeTebac SemeZlo da ar gavake-
Te. kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli, cxenze
amxedrebuli Samil basaevi moemarTeboda
Cvenken dinjad da cxenis yoveli
nabiji maaxlovebda infarqtTan, arada
aseTi axalgazrda viyavi.
sabednierod, Samil basaevi mxolod
`vidze~ aRmoCnda Samil basaevi da im
eqvskacian jgufSi mTavari da yvelaze
saSiSi Turme sul sxva yofila, saxeladac
da gvaradac `ZeduSka~, romlis
sityvac iseTive kanoni iyo danarCeni
xuTisTvis, rogorc _ venesuelis
ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis ministrisTvis
ugo Cavesis sityva.
bevri rom aRar gavagrZelo, dagvavles
xeli da narnariT Camovlili
es daRmarTi sul aRmarTad gviqcies
_ cxinvalisken gzas SevudeqiT.
roca mivxvdiT, ro ar mogvklavdnen,
daviwyeT jer tkbili sityviT axsna,
rom agentebi ar varT, mere cota waviwuwuneT,
mere mxolod vwuwunebdiT
da bolos roca fexebi aRar gvemor-
Cileboda da arc goneba, isev instinqtma
gamogviyvana mdgomareobidan da
gavbrazdiT. ufro sworad ki, Tiniko
gabrazda, Cven ki Tinikoze vbrazobdiT,
_ nu uyviri, aqve dagvxocaven,
dagvCexaven, dagvyrian da egeTi ramerumeebi.
Tinikom Tavisi gaitana: maSin
maRlaferiZe mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionis
gubernatori iyo, amaT vuTxariT,
gadarekeT cxinvalSi, gadarekon
vasosTan da iq gaarkveven, vin varT
Cven. aman gaWra, mirekva-morekvis Semdeg
gviTxres, _ dRes veRar gagiSvebT
da Rame erTad unda gavaTioT, xval ki
Tqven gzaze mibrZandiTo.
im Rames isev is gavakeTeT, rasac
wina RameebSi vakeTebdiT _ iseTi koconi
gvqonda, jordano brunosac ki
SeSurdeboda, arCvis mwvadebi (amaT iq
unadiriaT kidec), cota arayi da cotac
spirtSi gazavebuli wyali. maSin
ki vinaneT, simZimis gamo pirvel banakTan
ori litri arayi ro davtoveT,
magram verafers vizamdiT _ vsviT da
vsviT es wyalnarevi samedicino spirti.
sadRegrZeloebSi yvelam aRvniSneT,
rom politikis dedac da Cven
Zmebi da debi varT, ram gagvyo osi da
qarTvelebi, ro orive marTlmadideblebi
varT da daviZineT, magram tkbilad
vera, imitom rom isev gawvimda da
isev davsveldi.
diliT fotoebi gadaviReT, Zias
avtomatic ki misces xelSi da xelic
gadaxvies. `ZeduSkam~ Tavisi telefoni
Cagvawerina, Cven Cveni miveciT da
saxlSi mSvidobiT davbrundiT.
omamde `ZeduSkac~ rekavda da Cvenc
vrekavdiT masTan, omis mere ki Cveni
telefonebi dadumda. dadumda yelis
tbac, imitom rom iq, qarTvelebis da
saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebis
garda, aravin dadioda da isic Zalian
iSviaTad, axla ki albaT aRaravin dadis
da, vin icis, kidev ramdeni weli
iqneba ase.
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SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~ _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
`vefxistyaosnis~ akademiuri teqstis damdgeni komisiis bolo redaqciiT;
`mogiTxrobT `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb~ _ enciklopediuri krebuli poemisa da misi
avtoris Sesaxeb;
`vefxistyaosans~ mogiTxroben avTandil arabuli da mamia malazonia _ poemis
prozauli versia, romlis avtoria filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori avTandil
arabuli. teqsts erTvis mxatvar mamia malazonias ilustraciebi;
`vefxistyaosans~ warmogidgenT qeTi matabeli _ poemis uZvelesi xelnawerebisa
da mxatvar mamuka TavaqaraSvilis ilustraciebis mixedviT Seqmnili 52 folianti,
romelsac axlavs filolog levan gigineiSvilis esse qarTul da inglisur enebze;
`vefxistyaosnis~ gamocemaTa bibliografia 1712-2008 w.w. _ qarTul da ucxour
enebze dabeWdili poemis 300-ze meti gamocemis CamonaTvali.
wignebi SegiZliaT SeiZinoT literaturul art kafe `qaravanSi~.
misamarTi: furcelaZis q. 10
telefoni: +995 32 99 66 91
899 67 77 56 irina
24 cxeli Sokoladi
aze fiqrobs urban reaqtori
rusudan mirzikaSvili da levan asabaSvili
avtori: nino lomaZe
foto: daviT mesxi
istoria
cxeli Sokoladi 25
istoria
`aravin icis, rogor gaxdeba ukeTesi Cveni qalaqi, amas mxolod lamazi provinciuli
dasaxlebebis TvalierebiT, masStabebis cvliT, an ocnebis qalaqebis
agebiT ver moaxerxeb. amisTvis ubralod, gareT unda gaxvide da gaiaro~.
jein jeikobsi
`qalaqi xalxisTvisaa~
erTi oTaxi
amaRlebis quCaze, `ai, iq, sololaks
ivaniSvilis biznes centri
rom adgas Tavze, imis qvemoT~,
rusos da levanis saxlSi mivdivar.
orientirad haiteq stilis
Senobas viReb da misamarTs maSinve
vpoulob. rkinis WiSkriT mocu-
26 cxeli Sokoladi
cqnul ezoSi Sevdivar. pirdapir
naxevrad dangreul orsarTulian
saxls vxedav. meore sarTulze
wina kedeli mTlianad CamorRveulia
da ZvelisZveli Spaleri, WaRi
da patara SuSabandi moCans, sadac
raRac avejic ki dgas. cxadia, iq
aravin cxovrobs.
am ezoSi adre rva ojaxi cxovrobda.
saxlis qveS, patara sardafSic
Turme qurTebis mraval-
Svilian ojaxs hqonda bina. Zveli
mosaxleebidan iq mxolod levanis
ojaxiRa darCa. ubralod cota
gafarTovdnen da bavSvobisdroindel
saxlSi, meore sarTulze,
miSenebuli abazaniT da sarecxis
gasafeni Zveleburi, gorgolaWiani
TokiT, mSoblebi darCnen. maT
qvemoT levanis Zmis ojaxi dasaxlda.
levani da ruso ki erTi ke-
Tili mezoblis saxlSi cxovroben,
romlebic karga xnis win israelSi
wavidnen sacxovreblad da is erTi
oTaxi maT dautoves. `iSviaTad
Camodian, daxedaven aqaurobas,
madlobas gvetyvian, yvelaferi
ucvleli rom xvdebaT xolme da
mere isev midian~, _ miyveba levani
da ezos sruli aRweris mere saxlSi
miZRveba. patara SuSabandi,
zamTris sicivis dros mcenareebis
droebiTi TavSesafaria. oTaxSi
SesasvlelSi Toras droSa hkidia.
`gansakuTrebiT es axarebs, rom
droSa isev adgilze xvdeba. mokled,
yvelaferi isea, rogorc datoves,
araferi Segvicvlia~.
levani mSoblebTan da ZmasTan
erTad im erT oTaxSi gaizarda,
sadac deda da mama dResac arian.
iq yvelaferi Zveleburadaa, avejic
igive dgas, Spaleric iseTivea,
moxatuli zemodan. `raRacnairad
miyvars iqauroba. momwons
kidec aseT patara sivrceSi rom
gavizardeT. did saxlSi yvelas
Tavisi oTaxi, meti piradi sivrce
aqvs. urTierTobebic sxvanairi
yalibdeba. me da Cemi Zma xSirad
vkinklaobdiT xolme, da ufro
metjer vidre es did saxlSi Sei-
Zleboda momxdariyo, magram es patara
konfliqtebi, vfiqrob, kidev
ufro arkvevs urTierTobebs, aaxlovebs
adamianebs erTmaneTTan~.
* * *
ramdenjerac wereTelze stadionis
monakveTs gaivlis, rusos
Tavisi `erTi oTaxi~ axsendeba. patara,
erTsarTuliani mogrZo saxli
da is erTi oTaxi, sadac deda,
mama, bebia, TviTon da patara Zma
cxovrobdnen. raRacnairi fragmentuli
da romantikulia es mogoneba
_ sawoli, sadac dedasTan
erTad eZina, mocucqnuli samzareulo,
sadac bebia fusfusebda,
saerTo ezo, sadac mezobel bavSvebTan
erTad TiTqmis mTel dRes
atarebda. mere mSoblebma doliZis
quCaze didi bina miiRes da iq gadasaxldnen,
magram is patara oTaxi,
erTmaneTze rom brazobdnen da
erTi omaxiani karis gajaxunebis,
an `samudamo~ gabutvis saSualeba
ar hqondaT, mainc sxvanairad
axsendeba. ambobs, rom axali bina
da sakuTari piradi sivrce maSinve
ratomRac ver moirges. `xSirad
mainc erT oTaxSi visxediT xolme~.
es `erTi oTaxi~ ucnaurad
istoria
amekviata. ufro sworad, es maTi
cxovrebis akviateba mgonia, radgan
yvelaferi, rasac isini ake-
Teben, razec fiqroben, muSaoben,
ganicdian da uxariaT, konkretuli
Tu zogadad sivrcis garSemo
trialebs da yovelTvis akviatebuli
erTi patara oTaxidan iwyeba.
oTaxi akademiaSi
rusos rom vkiTxe, ase mipasuxa,
_ akademiaSi erTi gavrcelebuli
miTis da ambiciis gamo Cavabareo.
miTis _ akademiaSi bohemuri
atmosferos Sesaxeb da ambiciis,
romelsac im mizans arqmevs, rac
maSin hqonda _ undoda rame masStaburSi,
globalurSi mieRo monawileoba.
da Caabara kidec. levanic
iq gaicno, kurselebi iyvnen.
ise, zustad arc erTma ar icoda,
ra undodaT. ufro zustad, rac
icodnen dRes, is zedapiruli da
araseriozuli eCvenebaT. `sindisi
mqenjnis xolme, roca maxsendeba,
rogori miamiturebi viyaviT. arada,
ramdeni ramis swavla da gake-
Teba, SeiZleba Secvlac ki Segve-
Zlo~. gvian mixvdnen, rom mTavari
arqiteqturaSi misi socialuri
funqcia da Sinaarsi iyo da ara
dizaini da vizualuri formebi;
rom karg arqiteqturas maincdamainc
bevri fuli ar sWirdeba;
cxeli Sokoladi 27
istoria
rom konstruqciis teqnikur detalebze
yuradRebis gamaxvileba
Zalian mniSvnelovania, maT ki es
drois fuW flangvad miaCndaT. ho,
da gemovneba. imasac gvian mixvdnen,
rom qalaqSi, arqiteqturaSi
da zogadad, urbanul cxovreba-
Si yvelaze mTavari adamianebi da
maTi uflebebia. mokled, es Ziebis,
cdis, winaswari ganwyobebis ngrevis
da imedgacruebebis periodis
dasawyisi iyo. mxolod intuiciiT
grZnobdnen, rom raRac mniSvnelovan
xazs acdenilebi, meorexarisxovan
detalebze amaxvilebdnen
yuradRebas. furclavdnen
maSin jer kidev iSviaTi `TaSenis~
gamocemis priala furclebs da
imaxsovrebdnen arqiteqturul detalebs.
`verasdros vimaxsovrebdi
am mSral informacias. maviwydeboda
arqiteqtorebis saxelebi, nagebobebis
aSenebis TariRebi~. albaT
swored imitom, rom aqcents
arasworad svamdnen. ar icodnen,
ra socialuri, ekonomikuri da
28 cxeli Sokoladi
politikuri procesebi uswrebda
win am axali stilis da mimarTulebebis
formirebas. ubralod iyo
_ mogwons? ar momwons. me is ufro
momwons. da rac ufro moswondaT,
imis mibaZvas cdilobdnen. erTi
sityviT, maT varskvlavoba, `magari
arqiteqtoroba~, originaluri
dizainebis keTeba undodaT. dRes
ukvirT, rom gverdze rCebodaT
yvelaze mTavari _ rodesac proeqtze
muSaobdnen, sivrces adamianebisgan
daclil, cariel obieqtebad
aRiqvamdnen.
akademiaSic iyo erTi patara
oTaxi, sadac bolo kursebze, leqciebis
garda, mTel dros atarebdnen.
albaT mxolod es oTaxi
amarTlebda rusos molodinebs,
akademiis studentebis `miTiuri
bohemuri cxovrebis~ Sesaxeb. Sei-
Zleba am oTaxisTvis Rirda kidec
iq swavla. radgan yvelaze mTavari
rac institutidan gamoyvaT, is
adamianebi arian, visTan erTadac
iq trialebdnen da kiTxvebi, rom-
lebze pasuxis Ziebac dRemde ar
dausrulebiaT. `oTaxSi~ Rame xSirad
rCebodnen da xazavdnen plan-
Setebze, feravdnen da mere erTmaneTis
namuSevrebs arCevdnen. isev
_ mogwons? ar momwons. me is ufro
momwons-diskursSi.
levanis da rusos saerTo istoriac
im oTaxidan iwyeba. Tavidan
ubralod megobrobdnen, mere megobrobas
sxva rameebic daemata da
imad iqca, rac dRes erTmaneTis-
Tvis arian _ `megobrebi da partniorebi~.
`yvelas ukvirda, ase
rom vacnobdiT erTmaneTs. arada,
zustad gamoxatavs imas, rac Cven
erTmaneTisTvis varT. saSinlad ar
uxdeba am yvelafers Seyvarebuli,
Zalian bavSvuri mgonia es epiTeti.
maSinac ase vfiqrobdi da axlac
ase vfiqrob~.
ase rom ar efiqraT, im arcTu
ise romantikuli gadawyvetilebis
miReba Zalian gauWirdebodaT, rac
institutis damTavrebamde cota
xniT adre miiRes. maT miznebis misaRwevad
pirvel rigSi xarisxiani
ganaTlebis miReba sWirdebodaT.
amas savaraudod erTad ver moa-
rom am Sansis xelidan gaSveba ar
Rirda, amitom fakuleteti aRar
gauprotestebia da wavida. levani
germaniaSi gaemgzavra da gadawyvita
bedi iqve ecada. Tumca maleve
dabrunda da arqiteqturul kompaniaSi
daiwyo muSaoba.
ruso luvenSi istoriuli qalaqebis
konservaciis saerTaSoriso
kanonmdeblobas, regulirebas da
meTodologias swavlobda da paralelurad,
praqtikuladac muSaobda
jgufTan erTad, erT-erT Zvel
ubanze. pirveli, ramac belgiis im
urban reaqtori fiqrobs, rom, pirvel rigSi,
Sesacvlelia mTliani urbanuli politika, romelic,
maTi azriT, Zalian zedapiruli da myifea, da kidev
SerCeviTi, radgan realurad mxolod maTi uflebebia
daculi, visac fuli aqvs.
xerxebdnen, amitom ase ifiqres _
orives damoukideblad ecada bedi
da, rac mTavaria, gansxvavebuli
mimarTulebebi aerCiaT, rom mere
saerTo saqmeSi funqciebi mxolod
kompetenciis mixedviT gaenawilebinaT
da moqmedebis areali gaefarTovebinaT.
luveni
rusom belgiaSi, istoriuli qalaqebis
konservaciis ganxriT
saswavlo stipendia moipova. am
specialobaze, marTalia, arasdros
uocnebia, magram ifiqra,
civi qalaqis institutSi brinjiviT
daabnia, avtomatizirebuli
biblioTeka iyo. verafriT mixvda,
rogor SeeZlo kompiuteriT
wignebi aerCia. amitom karga xans
biblioTekas sul Soridan uvlida,
sanam gambedaoba ar moikriba,
TviTdajerebuli gamometyvelebiT
avtomatizirebul karSi ar
Sevida da biblioTekars daxmareba
ar sTxova. meore gansacdeli
eseebis weris dros daatyda Tavs.
akademiaSi mxolod proeqtebis xazvis
gamocdilebis mere, sakuTari
azrebis mkafiod Camoyalibe-
istoria
ba da furcelze gadatana Zalian
gauWirda.
luvenis, studentis revoluciuri
ganwyobebisa da cvlilebebis
Semdeg TbilisSi dabrunda
da kulturis, sportisa da Zegl-
Ta dacvis saministroSi, sajaro
samsaxurSi daiwyo muSaoba. male
saministros daxmarebiT staJirebaze
iuneskos ofisSi gaemgzavra,
msoflio memkvidreobis marTvis
Sesaswavlad. da Tavi amoyo dasavluri
biurokratiis namdvil,
isteriul da superteqnokratiul
samsaxurSi _ bevri qaRaldiT,
dokumentomaniiT Sepyrobili TanamSromlebiT
da Tavisuflebisa
da SemoqmedebisTvis sruli vakuumiT.
iq dReebi gaWrili vaSliviT
hgavda erTmaneTs _ orkestris
dasis mowesrigebuli svliT da saqmiani
gamometyvelebiT №123445
konvenciis, №2345 samuSao jgufis
№1456 oTaxisken, da mere isev ukan
_ rac mTavaria, bevri qaRaldiT
xelSi. Tavidan aRtacebuli iyo
am wesrigiT. moswonda da dResac
moswons maTi muSaobis kultura
da pasuxismgebloba. magram Tan
gaacnobiera, rom: biurokratiis
am labirinTebSi adamianebs xSirad
ar axsovT, risTvis muSaoben; rom
am keTilSobilur samsaxurSi mTavari
mainc komerciaa; rom qveynebs
Soris namdvili xelCarTuli br-
Zola imarTeba axali ZeglisTvis
msoflio memkvidreobis statusis
mosapoveblad; da rom es yvelaferi
kulisebs miRma, politikuri
garigebebis xarjze xdeba, da ara
ubralod samarTlianobis dacvisaTvis.
cxeli Sokoladi 29
istoria
30 cxeli Sokoladi
iuneskodan axali aRmoCenebiT
da msoflio masStabis aparatze
cota Secvlili warmodgeniT isev
kulturis saministroSi dabrunda.
axal sammarTveloSi, romelic
kulturuli memkvidreobis teritoriebis
dacvaze muSaobda. `levans
sasacilod ar hyofnida Cemi
sajaro moxelis statusi da es moxsenebiTi
baraTebi, yoveldRiuri
angariSebi~. magram ruso maSin fiqrobda,
rom raRac mniSvnelovans
akeTebda, rodesac am teritoriebis
fizikur dacvaze, regulirebasa
da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebze
muSaobda. sxvadasxva qveynis
sakanonmdeblo bazebs ikvlevda
da maT analizs samuSao jgufs
awvdida. muSaobda dafinansebis
mopovebazec. `vTargmnidi wignebs
meTodologiis, sakanonmdeblo
regulaciebis Sesaxeb. magram male
mivxvdi, rom Cem mTavar mizans iq
ver mivaRwevdi. vfiqrobdi, rom
yvelaze mniSvnelovani am sferoSi
decentralizacia, pasuxismgeblobis
gadanawileba da axali marTvis
meqanizmis Seqmna iyo. maSin es ar
iyo prioriteti. vifiqre, albaT
yvelafers dro sWirdeba-meTqi da
wamovedi~.
aseTi egzistencialuri krizisebis
dros sakuTar Tavs filosofiur
gamocdebs uwyobs xolme.
iRebs pauzas da imis gaanalizebas
cdilobs, sad ascda mTavar gzas;
ra iyo mizani, riskenac midioda da
ramdenad iyo es is, rac mas marTla
sWirdeboda. maSinac ase moiqca, dajda
da gaixsena _ jer megobrebis
da ojaxis wevrebis rCeva-darigebebi,
motiviT _ risTvis iklav Tavs,
ras aTeneb Rameebs saministroSi;
erTi komfortuli samsaxuri iSove
da moiwyve cxovreba da a.S. mere
muSaobis dros yvelaze didi imedgacruebebic
gaaxsenda da miiRo gadawyvetileba
_ iviwyebs idealizms
da xdeba absoluturad pragmatuli,
karieraze orientirebuli,
cota konformisti gogo. midis
saswavleblad irlandiaSi, xarisxis,
da SeiZleba momavali statusis
mosapovebladac. mere brundeba
ukan, Tbil da komfortul samsaxurSi,
aranairi `Ramis Teneba~ da
`samyaros SecvlisTvis brZola~. da
wavida.
delfti da `dialeqtikuri
eqsperimenti~
amasobaSi levani prezidentis
stipendianti xdeba da holandia-
Si, delftis universitetSi arqiteqturis
fakultetze magistris
xarisxis mosapoveblad midis. pirvel
rigSi imis anazRaureba unda,
rac akademiaSi gamotova. arqiteqturis,
urbanizmis Teoria unda
iswavlos da mis mTavar kiTxvebze
pasuxebi ipovos; sworia Tu ara arqiteqturis
avtonomiuri aRqma da
istoria
ra kavSiri aqvs xelovnebis sxvadasxva
mimarTulebebs erTmaneT-
Tan. `vxvdebodi, rom arqiteqtura
xelovnebis sxvadasxva mimarTulebas
da bevr teqnikur specialobas
aerTianebs. mindoda, gamego, ra
wertilSi gadakveTdnen es absoluturad
gansxvavebuli dargebi
erTmaneTs, Tundac proeqtze mu-
Saobis dros~. akademiaSi ki aseTi
davalebebi hqondaT xolme. mocemuloba:
skolis proeqti. raRac N
farTobze, N raodenobis saklaso
oTaxiT da a.S. magram arasdros
icodnen, sad igeboda skolis Senoba,
rogori dasaxlebuli iyo
teritoria, rogori xalxi cxovrobda,
ra problemebi hqondaT.
`es Zalian mniSvnelovani detalebia.
gamodis ar vfiqrobdiT, rom
am proeqtebs Cven realurad adamianebisTvis
vakeTebdiT~.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 96
CvenTan, sivrce socialuri kuTvnilebaa. magitom
miyvars es TviTSeqmnili naxalovka. iq Cven uaxles
istorias waikiTxav _ rogor agebdnen adamianebi
saxlebs, ra masalebs iyenebdnen da rogor dizains
irCevdnen. es aris swored is kulturuli muxti,
romelic kargad iq Cans, sadac kontroli naklebia da
metia Tavisufleba.
cxeli Sokoladi 31
istoria
32 cxeli Sokoladi
Zola TavisuflebisTvis
avtori: nino jafiaSvili
foto: gogi cagareli, iuri meCiTovi
cxeli Sokoladi 33
soxumi 1992
istoria
`erT ambavs getyvi, kargad rom
mixvde, ra sigiJeSi vcxovrobdiT
90-ian wlebSi, _ meubneba Toma da
ecineba, _ rodesac SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi
Camovida, kitovani
mivida da uTxra, _ atomuri bombi
maqvso. SevardnaZem jaba daibara
da sruliad seriozulad hkiTxa:
kitovani ase ambobs da, marTla
rame xom ar aqvso? me vici, rom saqarTveloSi
rusebs egeTi araferi
hqoniaTo~.
sicils ucbad wyvets, aRarc am
istoriis moyolas agrZelebs da
Cemi iq yofna droebiT aviwydeba.
ramdenime wamSi spontanuri fiqrebidan
gamofxizlebuli xmamaRla
meubneba: `ici, ratom unda vicodeT,
rogorebi viyaviT axlo warsulSi?
imitom, rom me, magaliTad, ar var
darwmunebuli, rom Cven Tu es daviviwyeT,
sazogadoeba aRarasodes
gaimeorebs imas, rac Caidina, ar var
darwmunebuli, rom qarTvelebi kidev
erTxel ar daangreven sakuTar
qveyanas sakuTari xeliT~.
Toma CageliSvils, TiTqmis aTi
welia, vicnob da rac vicnob, sul
saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi iqeqeba.
ar meguleba am bneli da sastiki
epoqis arc erTi mTavari moqmedi
piri, romelsac piradad ar Sexvedria
da saaTobiT ar usaubria. rom
hkiTxoT, dawvrilebiT agixsniT,
rogor miviReT damoukidebloba
ise, rom arc ki gagvigia, mogiyvebaT,
rogor gaatara saqarTvelos pirvelma
prezidentma Tavisi ukanaskneli
dReebi, ratom daeca soxumi an
ratom esrodnen qarTvelebi erTmaneTs
zurgSi; rogor eyo Tbilisis
da afxazeTis omiT daRlil qveyanas
da xalxs Zala, gangsteruli epoqis-
Tvisac gaeZlo, rogor ibrZoda Cveni
saamayo kulturuli elita privilegiebisTvis,
roca dasWirdaT rusebis
mier darigebuli avtomatebiT xelSi.
im istoriebis nawili, romelic
Tomam detalurad Seiswavla, mis
satelevizio filmebSi moxvda, nawilic
_ `cxeli SokoladisTvis~ Caweril
am interviuSi.
SeiZleba Tqven es periodi kargad
34 cxeli Sokoladi
gaxsovT, me bevri rame daviwyebuli
mqonda, didi nawili ki arc vicodi.
ubralod, ar damviwyebia, im radikaluri
dapirispirebis dros romel
mxares videqi, da ganvicdi amas,
Tumca zustad aseve Semrcxveboda,
sapirispiro mxares rom vmdgariyavi.
mokled, Tu Tqven rodesme am periodis
gaxseneba dagWirdebaT, gecodinebaT,
rom am saubris Canaweri
SeiZleba amaSi dagexmaroT. Tavad
mixvdebiT, ra gadavlaxeT, ra gavacnobiereT,
ras aRar CavidenT da
dRemde ra ar Segvifasebia. mixvdebiT,
rogorc erma da qveyanam, risi
Sansi gavuSviT xelidan, da jer kidev
risi Secvla SegviZlia.
Toma, ra xdeba saqarTveloSi maSin,
rodesac sabWoTa kavSiri iSleba?
rodesac cvlilebebis qarma dabera
da mosaxleobas Tavisi azris gamoTqmis
saSualeba mieca, qarTvelma
xalxma konkretulad da mkafiod
ganacxada: Cven gvinda damoukidebloba.
es iyo mTavari dakveTa.
im periodSi qveyanas isev komunisturi
elita marTavda, Tumca
ukve Candnen isinic, vinc saqarTvelos
damoukideblobaze xmamaRla
daiwyes laparaki.
vin aris es xalxi?
profesorebidan dawyebuli kanonieri
qurdebiT damTavrebuli.
zviadi, qarTvelTa saTayvanebeli
mwerlis konstantine gamsaxurdias
Svilia, misi, rbilad rom vTqvaT,
Secdomebi mxolod viwro disidenturma
wreebma ician. akaki baqraZis
leqciebze auditoriebSi teva ar
aris, nodar naTaZe universitetis
profesoria, irakli baTiaSvili
elituri ojaxis Svilia, irakli wereTeli,
disidenturi saqmianobis
gamo, axali gamosulia sapatimrodan.
mokled, yvela ganaTlebuli
adamiania, raRac TvalsazrisiT _
elitis wevric.
am wreSi udidesi avtoritetiT
sargeblobs merab kostava. is principebisTvis
mebrZoli adamiania, 10
weli gadasaxlebaSi, cixeebSi gaata-
ra, mxolod da mxolod imitom, rom
komunistebis winaSe bodiSi ar moixada,
formaluradac ki.
gia Wanturia, romelic momaval-
Si yvelaze Zlier partias qmnis da
jaba ioseliani _ profesori, yofili
kanonieri qurdi. mokled, isini
ar arian ubralo adamianebi.
ai, es aris Cveni momavali politikuri
elita, romelsac komunisturi
partia male mmarTvelobas
aCuqebs. ai, es adamianebi hpirdebian
qarTvel xalxs, rom damoukideblobamde
miiyvanen. magram saqme isaa,
rom maT Tavad ar sjeraT imis, rasac
xalxs hpirdebian, ar sjeraT,
rom saqarTvelos damoukidebloba
realuria.
ai, erTi magaliTi amis sailustraciod:
zviad gamsaxurdia ukve
uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomarea,
misi moadgile akaki asaTiani moskovSi,
gorbaCovTan Sexvedraze Cadis.
akaki asaTiani miyveba: `vxedav, rom
kremlSi aranairi wesrigi, aranairi
simkacre ar aris, visac saidan unda,
iqidan Semodis, saidanac unda, gadis,
Cans, rom moSlilia mTeli sistema.
Camovedi da zviads veubnebi:
`zviad, sabWoTa kavSiri iSleba! man
ki bolomde ver daijera~.
radgan politikur elitas ar
sjera imis, rom sabWoTa kavSiri
SeiZleba Zalian male daiSalos, arc
imis sjera, rom male xelisufleba-
Si mova da amitom pasuxismgebloba
saerTod ara aqvs da es aris yvelaze
tragikuli.
ra saWiro iyo amdeni laparaki damoukideblobaze,
sabWoTa kavSiri am
dros xom Tavisi sikvdiliT kvdeba?
magas maSin veravin xedavda. Tavad
amboben, rom rodesac erovnuli
moZraoba daiwyes, aravin fiqrobda,
rom xval parlamentis wevrebi,
premier-ministrebi, prezidentebi
gaxdebodnen; ar egonaT, rom mTavrobaSi
movidodnen.
ra lozungebi aqvT, rogor undaT,
rom damoukideblobas miaRwion?
unda SeeqmnaT erovnuli kongre-
Tbilisi 1988
aprili, Tbilisi 1989
istoria
Tbilisi 1990
aprili, Tbilisi 1989
merab kostavas dakrZalva, Tbilisi 1990
istoria
si, anu komunistebis alternatiuli
xelisufleba, Tumca konkretulad
ra unda ekeTebina kongress, kaci-
Svilma ar icoda.
amave dros saSineli radikalebi
iyvnen, baltiispirelebi, vinc im
dros damoukideblobisken arCevnebis
gziT midioda, aq sasacilod
aigdes. arCevnebi qarTvelebisTvis
xelisuflebasTan alianss niSnavda.
is xalxi, vinc ambobda, _ monawileoba
unda miviRoT arCevnebSio,
moRalateebad gamoacxades.
1990 wlis martSi arCevnebi mar-
Tlac CaiSala da komunistebs xelisuflebaSi
yofna TiTqmis erTi
wliT gauxangrZlivdaT.
ratom viyaviT Cven politikurad
aseTi umwifrebi da axlomxedvelebi?
erTaderTi obieqturi mizezi,
riTac SeiZleba es umwifroba gavamarTloT,
isaa, rom 200 weli ar
vicodiT, ra iyo saxelmwifoebrioba.
Cven ngrevis specialistebi aRmovCndiT,
imitom rom ar vicodiT
Seneba.
90-ian wlebSi mTel msoflio-
Si saqarTvelo xdeba rekordsmeni
ekonomikis ngreviT, Cven da tajikeTi.
91-dan 93 wlamde, 3 weliwadSi
saqarTvelom 50 wliT ukan daixia.
am gamoucdelobis gamo, am etapze
ra Secdomebi mogvdis da risi Secvlis
Sanss vuSvebT xelidan?
qveyanaSi maSin ori Zalaa. axali
politikuri elita, romelic
Zalian popularulia, laparakobs
sanukvar miznebze, magram aranairi
kompromisis gagoneba ar unda da
marto gmirobis Cadenaze fiqrobs.
meore mxares arian komunistebi,
romlebic viTom gamocdilebi
arian, viTom ician qveynis marTva,
magram isinic arafris maqnisebi aRmoCndnen,
sakuTar Tavsac ki ver uSveles.
amave dros 9 aprilis Semdeg
sruliad diskreditebulebi arian.
maSin saqarTveloSi 300 aTasze
meti komunisti iyo da isini arCevnebSi
xmas mrgval magidas aZlevdnen,
imitom rom sakuTari Tavis ar
36 cxeli Sokoladi
sjerodaT, Zalian degradirebulebi
da demoralizebulebi iyvnen.
mTavari Secdoma is iyo, rom verc
axalma, verc politikurma elitam,
romelic unda mosuliyo xelisuflebaSi,
da verc komunistebma,
romlebic jer kidev xelisuflebaSi
iyvnen, ver gaiTavisa pasuxismgebloba.
swored amis gamo, Cveni
qveyana sul male faqtobrivad
daingra.
raSi gamoixateba es upasuxismgebloba,
sad Cans, rom politikosebi
ar fiqroben sakuTari nabijebis Sedegebze?
magaliTad: maSindeli gazeTi `komunisti~,
da es ar iyo SemTxveviTi
gamocema, sruliad seriozulad
werda: araqarTvel mosaxleobas
unda avukrZaloT erT Svilze metis
gaCenis uflebao, _ da es sazogadoebis
ganxilvis Tema gaxda.
ganwyoba aseTi iyo: saqarTvelo
varT Cven _ qarTvelebi da sxvebis
_ afxazebis, osebis, azerbaijanelebis,
somxebis, rusebis gadasawyveti
ar aris, rogor unda vicxovroT. me
maxsovs, osuri organizacia `adamon
nixasis~ erT-erT gancxadebaze
irakli wereTelma mitingze Tqva:
`eseni viRa arian, amaTi saqme isea,
kum fexi gamoyoo~, anu osebi sasacilod
aigdo. maSindeli erovnuli
moZraoba sxva erebis mimarT siZulvils
Tesavda. araferi ar moxdeboda
am xalxs rom dalaparakebodnen,
magram fexebze ekidaT is, ras ake-
Tebdnen, emociebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen.
Cveni pirveli prezidenti
gaxda adamiani, romelic afxazebs
eubneboda: Tqven rogorc eri ar
arsebobT da Tu TviTgamokveva gindaT,
wadiT da CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi
gamoerkvieTo.
rodesac gamsaxurdia xelisuflebaSi
movida, siebi Seadgines da osebs
samsaxuridan erekebodnen. gamsaxurdias
xelisuflebam bakurianSi
10-15 sofeli 48 saaTSi dacala
osebisgan. igive xdeboda kaxeTSic.
Cveni sazogadoebis umravlesoba
amas mxars uWerda, moswondaT ose-
bs rom erekebodnen, Zalian moswondaT,
roca afxazebs vCagravdiT.
rogori iyo amaze afxazebis da osebis
pasuxi, aris Tu ara maTi politikuri
elita ufro brZeni?
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisas, rogorc
Cven veZebdiT axal adgils,
aseve eZebdnen isinic axal sasicocxlo
sivrces. Cven rom saerTo
ena mogveZebna, orivesTvis kargi
iqneboda, magram Cveni politikuri
elita erTnairi iyo _ sadac qar-
Tvelebi osebs jobnidnen, iq osebs
erekebodnen, sadac osebi qarTvelebs
_ qarTvelebs erekebodnen. igive
xdeboda afxazeTSic. gudauTidan
qarTvelebi morbodnen, soxumidan
afxazebi garbodnen.
erTnairi umecrebaa samive mxares.
Cvenc, osebic da afxazebic erTnairi
qajebi viyaviT da erTmaneTi
gvZulda.
Tumca imis paralelurad, rom
qarTvelebi osebs da afxazebs upirispirdebian,
dapirispireba dawyebulia
Tavad erovnuli moZraobis
SigniT. ratom?
radikaluri dapirispireba mas Semdeg
daiwyo, rac gamsaxurdiam ganacxada,
rom 1990 wlis gazafxulze
uzenaesi sabWos arCevnebSi miiRebda
monawileobas. opoziciam gamsaxurdias
es gadawyvetileba did
Secdomad da kremlis TamaSSi monawileobad
Seafasa. Wanturiam gamoacxada,
rom gamsaxurdia da SevardnaZe
aliansSi arian, gamsaxurdia
kremlis agentia. gamsaxurdia igives
ambobda Wanturiaze, dapirispireba
TandaTan Rrmavdeboda.
maSin sazogadoebam arCevani gamsaxurdias
sasargeblod gaakeTa.
imave wlis 26 maiss lokomotivis
stadionze gamsaxurdias mxardasa-
Werad Zalian bevri xalxi mivida,
gamsaxurdia xelSi aitaces da ise
Semoatares wre. ai, maSin iqca zviad
gamsaxurdia beladad.
opozicia mixvda, rom qarTuli
sazogadoebis didi nawili gamsaxurdias
mxares iyo.
Tbilisis samoqalaqo omi, 1991
Tbilisis samoqalaqo omi, 1991
1990
Tbilisis samoqalaqo omi, 1991
Tbilisi, 1996
istoria
amitom 1990 wlis 30 oqtombers
gamsaxurdia Tamamad wavida arCevnebze
da gaimarjva kidec, Tumca
bedis ironia isaa, rom gamsaxurdias
egona, umciresobaSi iqneboda.
mrgval magidas egona, rom
komunistebis opoziciaSi iqneboda.
rodesac arCevnebis Sedegebi
gamoacxades, gamsaxurdias pirveli
sityvebi iyo: `axla ra vqnaT~?!
xelisuflebaSi mosvla pasuxismgeblobas
niSnavda.
gamsaxurdia xelisuflebaSi noemberSi
movida, dekemberSi ki ukve
problemebi hqonda oseTSic da
afxazeTSic.
pirveli, rac erovnulma mTavrobam
gaakeTa, uari Tqva axal samokavSireo
xelSekrulebaze, romlis
gaformebasac mixail gorbaCovi
cdilobda.
axali samokavSireo xelSekruleba
ganaxlebuli sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnas
gulisxmobda.
kremlSi Sexvedrisas gorbaCovma
akaki asaTians hkiTxa: rad gindaT
damoukidebloba? akaki asaTiani pasuxobs,
_ gulwrfelad rom vTqva,
minda, rom Cemma Svilma rukaze naxos
Tavisi qveyana. es Cveni dapireba
iyo da amaze uars ver vityvi-
To. akaki asaTiani miyveba: `erTxans
miyura gorbaCovma da mere miTxra:
iseTi rame ar gaakeToT, rom ukan
dasaxevi gza ar daitovoT, erTi aTi
wlis Semdeg saqme SeiZleba ise wavides,
rom damoukideblobaze xeli
Tavad mogiweroT. me vkiTxe, _ mixail
sergeeviC, Tqven fiqrobT, rom
aTi wlis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiri
aRar iarsebebs? Черт его знает! _ mipasuxa
man~.
am etapze Cans Tu ara saqarTveloSi
dasavleTis interesebi, Tu saqarTvelo
isev mxolod ruseTis anabaraa?
jorj buSma, romelic maSin
ukrainaSi Cavida, calsaxad Tqva,
rom amerika mxars ar uWerda sabWoTa
kavSiris daSlas. Cven gvinda,
rom es qveyana demokratiuli gaxdeso,
_ ambobs igi. am etapze saqar-
Tvelosac Zalian gasagebad uTxres,
38 cxeli Sokoladi
rom Tqven ar gangixilavT rogorc
damoukidebel qveyanas sabWoTa kav-
Siris gareTo.
Tavad sabWoTa kavSirs da gorba-
Covs ki saqme cudad hqondaT. maSin
gorbaCovi cdilobda, rom respublikebi
axal samokavSireo xel-
Sekrulebis xelmoweraze daeTanxmebina
da acxadebda, rom am dokuments
xeli ara marto respublikebma, aramed
avtonomiebmac unda moawerono.
gorbaCovma avtonomiebi saxelmwifoebs
daupirispira. da amiT man
avtonomiebi ruseTs iseve aufeTqa,
rogorc saqarTvelos.
gorbaCovs, romelsac sabWoTa kavSiris
gadarCena undoda, safrTxe
pirvel rigSi ruseTidan emuqreboda.
boris elcini da ruseTis axali
politikuri elita ambobda, _ Cven
Cveni qveyana gvaqvs gadasarCeni da
ar gvWirdeba respublikebi, romlebsac
resursebi unda gavuyoT, maT-
Tan Tanabaruflebian urTierTobas
avawyobTo. elcinsa da gorbaCovs
Soris Zalian mwvave dapirispirebaa.
warmoidgineT, ruseTis prezidents
manqanis sawvavs da saburavebs ar aZlevdnen.
am politikur brZolaSi elcini
gamsaxurdias kargi mokavSire SeiZleba
yofiliyo da iyo kidec. elcini
rom ruseTis prezidenti gaxda,
mis banketze Tamada gamsaxurdia
iyo. Rvinoebi da koniakebi qarTvelebma
Caitanes. elcini Tanaxma iyo
oseTis avtonomiuri olqis gauqmebaze
da gamsaxurdias SeuTanxmda,
rom kavkasiaSi saerTo politikas
gaatarebdnen. Tumca es urTier-
Toba gamsaxurdias dudaevTan megobrobam
gaafuWa. gamsaxurdiam
elcinis saxiT mokavSire dakarga
da uneblieT aRmoCnda saqarTvelo
gorbaCovis TamaSSi CarTuli.
rogor transformirda damoukideblobisTvis
brZolis idea ZalauflebisTvis
brZolad, rogor mivida
ase mokle droSi qveyana samoqalaqo
omamde?
zviad gamsaxurdiasTvis da mTeli
saqarTvelosTvis 1991 wlis 2 se-
qtemberi gadamwyveti aRmoCnda. im
dRes giorgi Wanturia kinos saxlis
win mitings marTavda. iq maqsimum
200 kaci idga. axlac maxsovs kinos
saxlidan rusTavelis Zeglamde sivrce
Sevsebuli ar yofila. arc gza
iyo gadaketili.
kacma ar icis ratom, gamsaxurdiam
mitingis daSla gadawyvita, darbevisas
pistoletebidan gaisroles
da ramdenime adamiani daiWra kidec.
9 aprilis mere qarTul sazogadoebaSi
mitingis daSla 9 aprilis
tolfas danaSaulad iTvleboda.
1989 wlis Semdeg mitingi saqarTveloSi
arasdros aravis dauSlia.
axla kidev erTi SemTxveva, 7 noemberic
gamaxsenda.
mgoni, marTla asea. mokled 91
wlis 2 seqtembers qarTvelebisTvis
TiTqmis 9 aprili gameorda.
am dRidan moyolebuli ise swrafad
ganviTarda yvelaferi, rom veravin
moaswro azrze mosvla. 4 Tve-
Si ise airia situacia, rom ZaRli
patrons veRar cnobda. yoveldRe
Cxubebi, Setakebebi, mitingebze Tavpiris
lewva, saSineli ganukiTxaoba
xdeboda.
opozicias axali liderebi gamouCnda
_ Tengiz kitovani da Tengiz
sigua _ gamsaxurdias yofili
premier-ministri da sardali, romlebic
mxolod da mxolod imaze
iyvnen nawyenebi, rom Tanamdebobebi
dakarges. veravin ityvis, rom isini
politikuri ideebisTvis an idealebisTvis
ibrZodnen.
imis gamo, rom kitovans jari
hyavda, masTan da siguasTan gaer-
Tianda mTeli opoziciac. aqve idga
kulturuli da inteleqtualuri
elitac, romelic ambobda: CvenTan
aris simarTle da samarTali, gamsaxurdia
aris sibnele. gamsaxurdias
winaaRmdeg isini sityviTac
ibrZodnen da kalaSnikovebiTac,
maT iseve miiRes monawileoba qveynis
dangrevaSi, rogorc yvela danarCenebma.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 99
soxumi 1993 afxazeTi 1993
afxazeTi 1992
soxumi 1992
soxumi 1993
interviu
arseni roginski:
ruseTSi ar arsebobs politikuri sivrce
avtori: nino beqiSvili
SarSan noemberSi hainrih biolis fondma da germanuli
saxalxo universitetebis asociaciam (dvv
international) gamarTes erToblivi vorqSofi Temaze
„saqarTvelos sabWoTa warsulis gaazreba“, sadac
qarTvelebTan erTad monawileobdnen germaneli,
baltiispireli da rusi sabWoTa istoriis specialistebi.
vorqSofze moxseneba waikiTxa cnobilma
rusma disidentma, adamianis uflebebis damcvelma
da istorikosma arseni roginskim. misi moxseneba
stalinizmis gaazrebis rusul diskurss Seexeboda.
arseni roginski gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebidan
ikvlevs sabWoTa terors, aris araerTi krebulis
avtori da redaqtori, uflebadacviTi organizaciis
„memorialis“ erT-erTi damaarsebeli da gamgeobis
wevri.
interviu arseni roginskisTan swored vorqSofis
Semdeg CavwereT.
40 cxeli Sokoladi
Tqven stalinizmis mkvlevari xarT. rogor SeiZleba axsnaT
Tanamedrove ruseTSi stalinis popularoba?
ruseTSi stalinis maRali reitingis Sesaxeb sayovel-
Taodaa cnobili. es ambavi normalur adamians, cxadia,
SokSi agdebs. imasac getyviT, rom sinamdvileSi stalinma
satelevizio konkursSi „ruseTis saxeli“, mesame ki ara,
pirveli adgili daikava. im adamianebis ricxvi, vinc dRevandel
ruseTSi stalins ukanaskneli saukuneebis yvelaze
ufro warmatebul adamianad Tvlis, marTlac didia _
ruseTis mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 53 procenti. am dros
amave mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 70 procenti stalinur
represiebs gaumarTleblad miiCnevs. da es Sizofrenia
ar aris, ase paradoqsuladaa mowyobili dRevandeli ruseTis
sazogadoebrivi cnobiereba.
amis mizezi, upirveles yovlisa, rusuli sazogadoebrivi
cnobierebis formirebaSia saZebni, rac gasuli
saukunis 90-ian wlebSi, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlasTan er-
Tad daiwyo. ssrk-s daSlas maSin jer kidev aravin uwodebda
„did geopolitikur katastrofas“, rogorc Semdgom
daarqva putinma. istoriuli mexsierebis afeTqeba,
romelic „perestroikis“ wlebs mohyva da rogorc maSin
gveCveneboda, axali istoriuli realoba Seqmna, maleve
CaCumda mravali mizezis gamo, gansakuTrebiT ki imis
gamo, rom ruseTSi adamianebma dakarges socialuri statusi,
amas mohyva sakmaod mtkivneuli reformebi, sayovelTao
qaosi. daisva SekiTxva _ „vin varT? adre sabWoTa
adamianebi viyaviT. dRes vin varT?“ am kiTxvaze pasuxi
advilad moZebnes saqarTveloSi, litvaSi, yirgizeTSi _
ssrk-s SemadgenlobaSi Semaval yvela respublikaSi. rusebi
ki ver daeyrdnen rsfsr-s identobas. rsfsr-s istoria
masaTa cnobierebaSi ar iyo gamoyofili sabWoTa
kavSiris da ruseTis imperiis istoriisgan. „vin varT“ _
am kiTxvaze pasuxis Ziebisas xalxi nel-nela gadaixara sabWoTa
warsulisken da gansakuTrebiT breJnevis drosken,
roca garkveuli stabiluroba iyo. amas daerTo erTi faqtic:
maSin, 90-ianebSi, imdroindeli qaosiT Sewuxebul
rusebs yofili sabWoTa respublikebis, gansakuTrebiT,
baltielebisgan wamosulma pretenziebma nacionaluri
wyena gauCina: „guSin erTad viyaviT, dRes ki gamodis, rom
yvelaferSi damnaSaveebi Cven varT. Tanac isini, Cvenze
ukeT cxovrobdnen, iq Saqari 90 kapiki Rirda, CvenTan _
98“. ra moxda respublikebSi? isini amboben, Cven gvqonda
didi istoria, movidnen bolSevikebi da dagvipyres, da
axla gavTavisufldiT _ swored amis sapasuxod gaCnda
ruseTSi Zlieri nacionaluri wyena da kompleqsi: „guSin
pativs gvcemdnen da dRes vezizRebiT“. roca baltielebi
da polonelebi amboben, _ rusebma faSistebi gayares
da TviTon dagvipyreso _ es absoluturad gaugebaria
rusebisTvis, romlebic Tvlian, rom berlinSi midiodnen
da gzad moZme erebi gaaTavisufles. roca ruseTSi gaiges,
rom saqarTveloSi okupaciis muzeumi gaixsna, es maT
udides Seuracxyofad miiRes.
Zlieri xelis, stabilurobis, nacionaluri siamayis
moTxovnileba xalxSi TandaTan ufro Zlierdeboda da
es yvelaferi nel-nela miiwevda sabWoTa warsulisken.
elcins ar surda sabWoTa warsulze dadebiT konteqst-
Si saubari da moifiqra, rom Cven gmiruli warsuli 1917
wlamde gvqonda, da amitom, unda gvyvareboda stolipini,
aleqsandre meore da sxva... xalxma es saerTod ver
gaigo. movida putini da Zalian martivi da pirdapiri
pasuxi gasca xalxs: „Tqven didi ruseTis Svilebi xarT,
Tqven ssrk-s memkvidreeebi xarT. Tqven unda iamayoT
ssrk-Ti, Cven davamarcxeT faSizmi, Cven ukan mxolod gamarjvebebia
da a.S.“. es mSvenivrad gaigo xalxma. putinis
roli ruseTis dRevandel prostalinistur ideologia-
Si Zalian didia, magram es politikac garkveuli sazogadoebrivi
SekveTis sapasuxod gaCnda. aRarafers vambob
sabWoTa simbolikis dabrunebaze, es isedac cnobilia.
2003 wels putini Sexvda rus istorikosebs da Tqva, _
Cven didi istoria gvqonda da am gmiruli istoriis ma-
interviu
galiTze unda aRvzardoT axali Taoba, rusi eris mTavari
gamarjveba faSizmze gamarjvebaao. 2005 wlis gamarjvebis
wlisTavi mTeli qveynisTvis sayovelTao „vaSad“
iqca, ris fasad, rogor gavimarjveT, amaze, rogorc wesi,
ar laparakoben.
dRevandeli rusuli cnobiereba winaaRmdegobrivia:
ruseTi _ Tan ssrk-s gamgrZelebelia, Tan im danaSaulebebze,
rac sabWoTa xelisuflebam Caidina, pasuxismgeblobis
aReba ar unda. oficialuri propaganda ambobs: Cven
mivdivarT gamarjvebebisken da Tan mtrebiT varT garSemortymuli,
qveynis SigniTac arian mtrebi _ magaliTad
Cven, uflebadamcvelebi, mTeli „memoriali“. Tanamedrove
rusul saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi asea aRwerili:
terori cudia da msxverpli gvecodeba, magram ai, ase-
Ti fasi gadavixadeT Cveni didi modernizaciisTviso. am
fonze ucnaurad gamoiyureboda medvedevis gamosvla,
roca man stalinis terori axsena da Tqva, rom teroriT
aranairi modernizaciis gamarTleba ar SeiZleba.
is, rom istorikosebi raimes daweren da es rusi xalxis
cnobierebaze ramenairad aisaxeba, Cven ukve gaviareT.
istorikosebma simarTle daweres, uamravi wigni gamoica,
magram moqalaqeebis tvinebze amas aranairi gavlena ar
mouxdenia. ruseTSi mecnierebasa da sazogado cnobierebas
Soris udidesi ufskrulia da arc raime pozitiuri
cvlilebebi Cans am mxriv.
rogori gavlena hqonda politikur cxovrebaze 2008
wlis agvistos movlenebs? ra Seicvala ruseTSi amis Semdeg?
politikuri cxovrebis cudi damkvirvebeli var. magram
meCveneba, rom agvistos oms didi gavlena ar mouxdenia
ruseTis politikur cxovrebaze. ganaTlebul elitas
am omma moutana kidev erTi didi imedgacrueba xelisuflebis
mimarT da aseTi xalxi ruseTSi cota ar aris.
mosaxleobis udidesi nawili ki mTlianad TanaugrZnobda
mTavrobas da gulwrfelad dResaswaulobda gamarjvebas.
omis dReebSi saavadmyofoSi viweqi, 6 agvistos operacia
gavikeTe da loginidan ver vdgebodi. es Cveulebrivi,
rkinigzelTa saavadmyofo iyo, sadac ubralo
adamianebi mkurnaloben. palatebSi televizorebi ar
idga, pacientebi koridorSi gadiodnen televizoris
sayureblad da iqidan maTi SeZaxilebi mesmoda, _ „vaSa!
vaSa!~ Semdeg palataSi Semobrunebulebi didxans laparakobdnen
amaze, Zalian uxarodaT rusuli iaraRis gamarjveba.
mxiarulobdnen, karg ganwyobaze iyvnen. ar vici
ramdeni xniT, magram am omma kidev ufro metad ganawyo
xalxi mTavrobis mxardasaWerad. Tumca, mTavari idea is
ar yofila, rom saqarTveloze gavimarjveT. amerikelebze
gavimarjveTo, _ es iyo xazgasmuli da kidev erTxel
afeTqda isedac Zlieri antiamerikanizmi. me ki Zalian
mZime xasiaTze viyavi, palataSi radio mqonda da, roca
medvedevis sityvebi gavigone osi eris genocidze, mar-
Tla cudad gavxdi. es sityva xelisuflebisgan JRerda
cxeli Sokoladi 41
interviu
putini stalini ar aris. ruseTis mmarTvelebs surT, dasavlel liderebs
daemsgavson. maT undaT, rom dasavleTma pativi sces, Tanac isini Zalian cinikurebi
arian da ician, rom dasavleTi maT bevr rames apatiebs. SemTxveviT xom ar
uswavliaT enebi? mmarTveli elitis Svilebic dasavleTSi swavloben, da maTi
fulic dasavleTSia da ara CineTSi.
rogorc ganaCeni. Zalian cud xasiaTze davdeqi, imis
gamo ki ara, rom rusebma moiges es omi, warmoudgeneli
agitacia-propagandis gamo, da imis gamoc, rom aranairi
sociologiuri kvleva ar damWirvebia, iqve, saavadmyofoSi,
Cem palataSi vnaxe, rogor kargad miiRo da rogor
gaixara ubralo xalxma am yvelafriT. maSin kidev
erTxel davinaxe cxadad, ramdenad Sors varT xalxisgan.
saSineli gancda mqonda Cemi tankebis gamo sxvis miwaze.
saSineli. magram esec, maSin, 2008 wlis agvistoSi ar yofila
pirveli. daaxloebiT aseTive gancda mqonda meore
CeCnuri omis dros. me arc evropel mSvidobismyofelebs
vendobi, isinic raRac Tavis TamaSs TamaSoben. maxsovs,
1999 wels, roca vesaubrebodi Cem megobar germanelebs
da vlaparakobdiT imaze, rom miloSeviCi faSistia, vki-
Txe, _ esTetikurad rogor warmogidgeniaT germanuli
TviTmfrinavi belgradis Tavze-meTqi?
uflebadamcvelebi „memorialidan“ maleve gamoemgzavrnen
saqarTveloSi. me vende Cem kolegebsa da megobrebs,
romlebmac Semdeg Tqves, rom pirveli gasrola
saqarTvelos mxridan iyo. magram amas, mgoni, didi mniSvneloba
ar aqvs. warmoidgineT ori adamiani, erTma meores
mxari gakra, meorem ki sapasuxod _ uro Cakra TavSi.
aseTi Tanafardobaa. saakaSvili rusul propagandaSi
Zalian uaryofiTi figuraa da faSists eZaxian, da miuxedavad
amisa, is CemSi simpaTias ar iwvevs. Tavidanve cxadi
iyo, rom is populistia, populisti xelisuflebis
saTaveSi ki yovelTvis upasuxismgebloa. meCveneba, rom
am omma veranairi roli ver iTamaSa rusuli politikis
ganviTarebaSi, roli iTamaSa xelisuflebis namdvilma
sigiJem _ samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis aRiarebam, rac
cxadia, omze mniSvnelovania. im fenisTvis, romelsac me
vekuTvni, es omi kidev erTi mizezi iyo imedgacruebisa,
Semdeg daiwyo krizisi da gamarjvebis ganwyoba Zalian
male gauqra xalxs.
Cveni mTavari monapovari postsabWoTa sivrceSi rusuli
enaa da amas unda gavufrTxildeT. putins, rogorc
Cans, hgonia, rom es patara sacodavi oseTi ufro mniSvnelovania,
vidre is, rom saqarTvelom SeiZleba uari
Tqvas rusul enaze. es imdenad sxvadasxva wonis ambebia,
rom amis axsna sasacilocaa. magram dRevandeli ruseTis
mmarTvelebs es ar esmiT.
Tqven sabWoTa teroris mkvlevari xarT. SeiZleba Tu ara
ruseTSi gaxSirebuli politikuri mkvlelobebis terorad
aRqma?
42 cxeli Sokoladi
ara, es stalinuri terori namdvilad ar aris. yvela
mkvlelobas sxvadasxva mizezi aqvs. ruseTis mosaxleobaSi
urapatriotuli ganwyobebi izrdeba. gaCnda neonacisturi
dajgufebebi. isini sakmaod bevrni arian, Tanac
amgvari ganwyobebi yvela asakis mosaxleobaSia. neonacistebi
fiqroben, rom xelisufleba maT mxars uWers, da
garkveulwilad, arc cdebian. samarTaldamcavebi maT
mimarT ufro simpaTiiT arian ganwyobilebi, vidre antipaTiiT.
me mainc mgonia, rom xelisuflebis zeda eSelonebSi
ukve xvdebian am saSiSroebis Sesaxeb. xvdebian,
rom es ara sayrdeni, aramed saSiSroebaa ruseTisTvis.
magram am neonacistur dajgufebebs Zlieri dasayrdeni
aqvT armiasa da samarTaldamcavebSi. vfiqrob, rom
stanislav markelovis mkvleloba marTlac neonacistebis
xeliTaa gakeTebuli, radganac is Zalian aqtiurad
ibrZoda maT winaaRmdeg. SeiZleba, swored maT mierac
iyos mokluli, vinc am saqmezea dapatimrebuli. natalia
estemirovas mkvlelobas sxva mizezi aqvs da pirdapir
ukavSirdeba kadirovis reJims. natalia saocari adamiani
iyo, mas hqonda gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.
aseTi adamianebi axla Zalian cotani arian. roca
groznoSi putinis saxeli daarqves prospeqts, is ubralod,
aRar dadioda am quCaze. arsebobs aseTi Janri qalaquri
winaaRmdegobisa _ magaliTad, faSisturi reJimis
dros germaniaSi, miunxenSi faSisturi simbolo dadges
da Zalian bevri germaneli gverds uvlida am adgils,
specialuri, SemovliTi marSrutebi SeimuSaves. natalias
ar esmoda miniSnebebisa, ara mxolod CeCneTSi, mTel ruseTSi
saerTod, gavrcelebulia urTierTobis es forma.
arsebobs raRac zRurbli, romelsac ar unda gadaabijo,
aris raRac dauwereli kanonebi, rogor unda moiqce ama
Tu im SemTxvevaSi. cxadia, am wesebs araferi aqvs saerTo
kanonebTan. mas ar esmoda es ena. kadirovi yvelanairad
ecdeba, rom misi sikvdili boevikebs daabralos. eseni,
samiveni _ politkovskaia, markelovi da natalia Cemi
axloblebi iyvnen. politkovskaia da markelovi xSirad
dadiodnen „memorialSi“, ar iyvnen „memorialis“ wevrebi,
magram axlos iyvnen CvenTan. natalia ki Cveni TanamSromeli
iyo da es yvelaferi Zalian mtkivneulia. politkovskaia,
markelovi, estemirova _ es rigi, ra Tqma unda,
arsebobs. maTi mkvlelobebis mizezebi SeiZleba gansxvavebulia,
magram erTi ram namdvilad aerTianebT: ramdenad
saSiSia ruseTSi cxovreba, roca gakveul Temebs ikvlev
da rusul nacionalistur cnobierebas exebi. sqema,
romliTac ruseTis xelisufleba moqmedebs, namdvilad
stalinuria: gareSe mtrebis garemocva da mexuTe kolona
qveynis SigniT. roca am sqemas masebi uWers mxars, da
am masebSi kidev eqstremistuli dajgufebebi arsebobs,
maSin yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes da saSiSroeba marTlac
realuria. es „civi omis“ klasikuri sabWoTa sqemaa.
magram, meore mxriv, ruseTSi arsebobs damoukidebeli
presa. rogor axerxebs is arsebobas?
albaT dRevandel ruseTSi avtoritarizmi arc ise-
Ti saSiSia. zustad ra SeiZleba ewodos dRevandeli
ruseTis xelisuflebas, rogor SeiZleba aixsnas misi
arsi, ar vici, Sesabamisi sityva jer ar mougonebiaT.
putini stalini ar aris. ruseTis mmarTvelebs surT,
dasavlel liderebs daemsgavson. maT undaT, rom dasavleTma
pativi sces, Tanac isini Zalian cinikurebi
arian da ician, rom dasavleTi maT bevr rames apatiebs.
SemTxveviT xom ar uswavliaT enebi? mmarTveli elitis
Svilebic dasavleTSi swavloben, da maTi fulic dasavleTSia
da ara CineTSi. amitomac, imas, rac maT safr-
Txes ar uqmniT, ase vTqvaT, itanen. ruseTi xom patara
saqarTvelo ar aris! saqarTveloSi albaT erTi didtiraJiani
opoziciuri gazeTic sakmarisi iqneba, ruseTis-
Tvis ki ra aris erTi „exo moskvi“ da „novaia gazeta“?
ramdenime milioni mkiTxveli da msmeneli _ es ruseTis
mosaxleobis erTi procentia. me vfiqrob, rom ufro
didi mniSvnelobisaa radio „Tavisufleba“, romelic
ruseTSi gvarianad izRudeba, magaliTad, peterburgSi
interviu
radio „Tavisufleba“ mxolod mokle talRebze mauwyeblobs.
erTi mxriv, xelisufleba amas imitom uSvebs,
rom dasavleTs aCvenon, _ ai, CvenTan Tavisufali presa
arsebobso. magram es mxolod erTi mxarea. mTavari isaa,
rom damoukidebeli presis msmenelTa da mkiTxvelTa
raodenoba ruseTis xelisuflebisTvis aranair safr-
Txes ar warmoadgens. meinstrimi mTlianad iziarebs
xelisuflebis politikas da nacionalur-patriotuladaa
ganwyobili.
„memoriali“ rogor daarsda? Tqveni organizacia, ukve
20 welia, arsebobs da miuxedavad mravali winaaRmdegobisa,
dRemde sakmao warmatebiTac moRvaweobT.
garkveul xanamde qveyana cxovrobda ise, TiTqos stalinuri
terori arc arsebula. 1987-88 wlebSi, maSin,
roca sajarooba axali dawyebuli iyo, magram qveyanaSi
jer ar arsebobda politikuri Tavisufleba, stalinuri
teroris Temas ukve moexsna tabu da es sakiTxi aqtualuri
gaxda. axalgazrdebis erTi jgufi xelmowerebs
agrovebda teroris msxverplTa memorialebis dasadgmelad,
teroris Semswavleli centrebis dasaarseblad,
sadac iqneboda arqivi, muzeumi. `memorialis“ mTeli
struqtura swored am axalgazrdebma moifiqres, romelTac
manamde disidentur wreebTan aranairi kavSiri
ar hqoniaT.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 105
cxeli Sokoladi 43
interviu
interviu jeimz qarTerTan
avtori: kaxa Tolordava
foto: levan xerxeuliZe
`swori notebis aReba
yvelaferi araa, Tu suli
ar gazarde; mxolod
asea SesaZlebeli musikis
gakeTilSobileba! musikas Tu
siaxlisken ar ubiZge, ajobebs,
saxlSi darCe da Zvel diskebs
usmino~ _ jeimz qarTeri.
44 cxeli Sokoladi
interviu
cxeli Sokoladi 45
interviu
`swori notebis aReba yvelaferi
araa, Tu suli ar gazarde; mxolod
asea SesaZlebeli musikis gakeTil-
Sobileba! musikas Tu siaxlisken ar
ubiZge, ajobebs, saxlSi darCe da Zvel
diskebs usmino~. es Tqveni sityvebia.
SeiZleba gTxovoT, ufro siRrmiseulad
ganmimartoT, Tu ras gulisxmobT
`sulis zrdasa~ da `musikis gakeTil-
SobilebaSi~?
Cemi konteqstidan gamomdinare, gipasuxebT
(radganac mxolod ase Semi-
Zlia am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema), rom
CemTvis sulis zrda niSnavs im fesvebTan
dabrunebas da iseTi vibraciebis
da `sulebis gamoZaxebas~, ramac
Tavis droze me musikaSi `Semagdo~.
im musikosebs vgulisxmob, visTanac
warsulSi mimuSavia _ julius hemfils,
lesTer bouis, sxva uamrav
danarCen musikoss, da maTac, visTanac
dakvris saSualeba ar momcemia,
magram Cveni `musikaluri Sexvedra~
maTive Canawerebis meSveobiT Semdgara.
rodesac jon qolTreinis Love
Supreme-s vusmen, gansakuTrebiT am
opusis mesame nawils, an vTqvaT One
Down One Up-s, Jruanteli mivlis
xolme. am dros xvdebi, Tu rogor
SeiZleba Tanamedrove jazis dakvra
meoce saukunis samociani wlebis gadmosaxedidan.
es Canawerebi drois
kafsulasaviTaa, an Tu gnebavT
drois audio kafsulasaviT. Cemi
maswavlebeli, donald uoSingToni
xSirad imeorebda, rom musika da
cxovreba erTia da zemoT xsenebuli
albomebis smenisas me bgeraSi SeCerebuli
daZabuli samocianebi mesmis.
imdroindeli sazogadoeba uTanasworo
iyo, Tumca amis miuxedavad, mainc
arsebobda sulieri simSvidis, xsnis,
imedis gaRvivebis da msoflio moqalaqed
gaxdomis SesaZlebloba da
ara marto individualurad, aramed
zogadsakacobriodac. qolTreinis
da misTanebis meSveobiT iyo es SesaZlebeli,
radganac isini danarCen
samyaros, sxva kulturebs maTsave
musikaSi `Cabudebis~ uflebas aZlevdnen.
qolTreinis musika sulierad
amzadebda adamianebs ucxo kulturebis
da axali urTierTobebis aRsa-
46 cxeli Sokoladi
qmelad da axliT savses tovebda maT.
yvelam unda icodes, rom im dros musikosebs
ar ulxindaT, magram mainc
axerxebdnen Rrma da ulamazesi musikaluri
dokumentebis Seqmnas da momavali
TaobebisTvis datovebas. es ki
pasuxismgeblobasTanaa kavSirSi; ara
marto musikalur, aramed _ kulturul
pasuxismgeblobasTan Semdgom
TaobebTan mimarTebaSi.
kritikosebis garkveuli nawili
Tvls, rom jazis, rogorc musikaluri
idiomis, Semdgomi winsvlis sawindari
inovacia ki araa, aramed misi
tradiciis kliSeebis gareSe warmo-
Cineba da am gziT gaZliereba. dRes es
Zalian rTuli unda iyos da amitom
sainteresoa amis Sesaxeb Tqveni azris
mosmena: migaCniaT Tu ara, rom dRes
jazSi inovaciisTvis sakmarisi adgilia
darCenili?
diax. Cven, jazmenebs erTgvar musikalur
Tokze gviwevs balansireba,
radganac isic kargad mesmis, rom sxva
danarCen `musikalur wyalSic~ gviwevs
`fexis dasveleba~. es mxolod da
mxolod Semdgomi inspiraciisaTvis
xdeba. magaliTad, Cem bolo albomSi
Present Tense originaluri kompoziciebicaa
Sesuli da standartebic,
magram iseTi standartebi, sadac, rogorc
mimaCnia, jer `fexi aravis Seudgams~
maTi pirvelad gamosvlis dRidan.
erT-erTi kompozicia am diskze
_ Shadow Sands pirvelad ormocian
wlebSi Sesrulda da es kompozicia,
Tu elingTonis Sophisticated Lady-s
hari qarniseul interpretacias ar
miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, erTaderTia,
rac me vici, romelic mxolod bas
klarnetze bariton saqsofonis Tanxlebis
gareSe Sesrulebula. vinaidan
me bas klarnetzec vukrav, CemTvis
saintereso iyo am kompoziciasTan
dabruneba da misi axali aqcentebiT
gamdidrebis mcdeloba; yvelaferTan
erTad es seriozuli gamowveva iyo
CemTvis da swored amas vgulisxmob
imaSi, rom inovacia SesaZlebelia.
esaa inovaciis inovaciiT gamdidrebis
da misi kidev ufro Sors `gagzavnis~
mcdeloba.
am ramdenime Tvis win brZaneT, rom
TqvenSi erTdroulad Cabudebulia
mudmivi zrdis procesSi myofi ramdenime
musikosi. rodis xvdebiT, rom
erT-erTi maTgani mzadaa raime Rirebulis
warmosaCenad?
amas mxolod dakvrisas Tu mixvdebi,
radganac aseT rameebze winaswar
bevri Tu ifiqre, maSin musika meqanikuri
da bundovani xdeba, absoluturad
steriluri…
Sesabamisad, musikis aRmoCenis procesi
usasruli procesi unda iyos...
ra Tqma unda, da vinaidan Cven, Cvenive
arCeuli instrumentebis meSveobiT
vaxerxebT axali aRmoCenebis
`samogzaurod~ wayvanas, araa aucilebeli,
es mogzauroba mxolod erTi
instrumentiT Sedges. sxvadasxva
instrumentis gamoyeneba axali SesaZleblobebis
aRmoCenisken gibiZgebs,
iqneba es bgeriTi Tu ritmuli
SesaZleblobebi. me saqsofonze ise
ar vukrav, rogorc bas klarnetze
an, vTqvaT, fleitaze. ra Tqma unda,
garkveuli msgavseba aris, magram garkveuli
tipis msmenelisTvis es yvelaferi
ase ar JRers, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, Tu is ukve sxva musikosebis
mier aris `moTelili~ _ magaliTad,
visac Jan-pier rampali da hubert
losi hyavT mosmenili. eriq dolfis
SemTxvevaSic asea, Tumca davamateb,
rom mis SemTxvevaSi aris raRacebi,
rasac ubralod ver gaeqcevi, rodesac
bas klarnetze ukrav. am instrumentze
misi Sesrulebis manera
ubralod ubadloa da SeuZlebelia,
zegavlenas gaeqce.
Tqven dabadebiT musikosi brZandebiT,
aseT musikosebs ki, rogorc wesi,
arafris eSiniT. da mainc, mainteresebs,
Tu yofila Tqven cxovrebaSi ise-
Ti periodi, rodesac SeuSinebixarT
im faqts, rom magaliTad saqsofonze,
Tqvenamde uamravi didebuli musikosi
ukravda?
ra Tqma unda, magram CemTvis es
yovelTvis gamowveva iyo da ara
dabrkoleba. es is uRelia, rac Ti-
Toeulma Cvenganma unda zidos. amave
dros, rogorc ukve giTxariT, musika
da cxovreba ganuyofelia. Cemi
maswavlebeli xSirad gvimeorebda
Carli farqeris sityvebs, rom musika
cxovrebaa, da Tu ar gicxovria, maSin
Seni instrumenti sxvisTvis sainteresos
verafers moyveba. ufro axalgazrda
rom viyavi, CemTvis Zneli iyo
amis gageba, magram Cveni maswavlebeli
dauRalavad gvibiZgebda imisken,
rom gveyida wignebi da gvekiTxa musikosebis
cxovrebaze, imaze, Tu rogor
da ra pirobebSi iwerdnen isini
ama Tu im disks. Tumca es yvelaferi
araa; yvelaze saintereso mainc isaa,
Tu ra xdeboda qolTreinis, bili
holideis Tu farqeris cxovreba-
Si albomis Caweridan Caweramde, da
ra viTarebebma miiyvanes isini im
konkretul momentamde, rodesac maT
axali diskis Cawera gadawyvites. ra
moxda maT cxovrebaSi iseTi, ramac
saSualeba misca maT, drois kafsulaSi
SeeCerebinaT esa Tu is momenti,
rac dRes maTi memkvidreobis nawilia?
marTlac, amis Sesaxeb kiTxva
rom daviwye es namdvili aRmoCena
iyo CemTvis. swored maTma cxovrebam
da gadatanilma ganapiroba, Tu rogor
ukravdnen isini instrumentebze
da ama Tu im kompoziciebis rogori
interpretaciebi SemogvTavazes im
garkveul momentebSi. bili holidei
kargi magaliTia: misi fanebi bevrs
saubroben gviandeli ocdaaTianebis
da adreuli ormocianebis bili
holideize da miaCniaT, rom es misi
saukeTeso periodi iyo. samagierod,
bevrs gulze ar exateba gviandeli
ormocianebis da adreuli ormocdaaTianebis
gardamavali periodi
mis SemoqmedebaSi. mxolod holideize
gadamkvdar fanebs esmiT mis
imdroindel musikaSi, Tu ra xdeboda
im dros mis cxovrebaSi. imdroindeli
misi cxovreba ki missave frazirebaSi,
xmis tembrSi, mTlianad
mis musikalur arsebaSi aisaxeba. am
dros SeuZlebelia lesTer iangi ar
gagaxsendes. viRacisTvis es SeiZleba
ucnauri iyos, magram meore mxriv bevri
gaigebs amas, radganac maTi cxovreba
im dros erTmaneTSi iyo gadajaWvuli
da roca holidei mReris,
SeiZleba daiWiro, Tu ra xdeboda
im dros maT cxovrebaSi. Cven holideis
simReraSi zustad is SegviZlia
daviWiroT, risTvisac mzad varT. es
muzeumis monaxulebasaviTaa, sadac
Senive individualuri gemovnebis da
interviu
mzadyofnis mixedviT irCev, Tu romeli
suraTi mogwons; imis mixedviT,
ukve ganvlilma cxovrebam ris aRsaqmelad
mogamzada. Sesabamisad, ama Tu
im naxatis interpretaciis Seneburi
mcdeloba SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes
sxva vinmes mcdelobisgan, vinc,
vTqvaT, Sengan gasxvavebiT, ufro
meti yuradReba naxatis sxva aspeqtebs
miaqcia. magram ai, am momentidan
dawyebuli Senzea damokidebuli, Tu
rogor daexmarebi danarCenebs imis
aRqmaSi, rac mogewona; ramdenad gadamdebi
aRmoCndebi Sen maTTvis. es
yvelaze mniSvnelovania! igive xdeba
musikaSic. rodesac saqsofonistma
ilinois jeqeTma, Jazz At the Philharmonics-is
sakoncerto seriebSi bluzis
dakvra daiwyo, 1944 wels man sruliad
Secvala konteqsti ara marto
musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, aramed
scenazec. misi dakvris manera saocrad
gadamdebi iyo am sityvis sauke-
Teso mniSvnelobiT! rodesac jeqeTi
instruments xelSi iRebda da bgeras
sadRac maRla mimarTavda, yvelaferi
aviwydeboda kacs. is ki imas ukravda,
rac icxovra...
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 106
cxeli Sokoladi 47
fotoproeqti
patara
qalaqSi
avtori, foto: daviT mesxi
ra saerTo aqvs siRnaRSi
gadaRebul cekvis gakveTilebs da
Tbilisis sportskolas? aWaris
erT-erT sofelSi, mandarinis
plantaciaSi mokalaTebul biWs da
dedaqalaqis centrSi, fanjarasTan
mdgari axalgazrda wyvilis
portrets?
Cveulebrivi axalgazrdebi
arian, romlebic erT patara
qveyanaSi, sxvadasxva qalaqSi
cxovroben. patara qalaqis cneba
xom dedaqalaqsac Seesabameba. isini
ar cdiloben, gamorCeulobis
ZiebaSi romelime subkulturaSi
an `ucnaur~ CacmulobaSi
eZebon individualizmi. aq
aseTi `raRacebi~ araa saWiro.
sevdiani garemos miuxedavad, maT
portretebSi aris heroizmi da
romantizmi. kargad ician, rom
martivad araferi gamouvaT,
magram es ar aSinebT. amitom,
SeuZlebelia isini ver SeamCnio!
48 cxeli Sokoladi
fotoproeqti
cxeli Sokoladi 49
fotoproeqti
50 cxeli Sokoladi
fotoproeqti
cxeli Sokoladi 51
fotoproeqti
52 cxeli Sokoladi
fotoproeqti
cxeli Sokoladi 53
fotoproeqti
54 cxeli Sokoladi
fotoproeqti
cxeli Sokoladi 55
analizi
qarTuli
kinoindustriis
problemebi
avtori: nino ZanZava
foto: nino ZanZava, erovnuli kinocentris arqivi
im adamianebs, romlebsac qarTuli kinematografis
avanCavani ainteresebT, am bolo dros xSirad uCndebaT
kiTxva _ eSveleba Tu ara qarTul kinematografs da
SeiZleba Tu ara davijeroT, rom qarTuli kino krizisidan
gamosvlis mdgomareobaSi imyofeba. kiTxva sakmaod
rTulia, ufro sworad mokle pasuxi ar aqvs.
kinoindustriis kritikuli zonebis da maTi arsebobis
mizezebis Zieba SeiZleba am kiTxvebiT daiwyos: ra
problemebi aqvs qarTul kinos dRes? rogor viTardeba
kinowarmoebis sfero? ras akeTebs saxelmwifo erovnuli
kinematografis ganviTarebisa da waxalisebisTvis?
rogor da ramdenad efeqturad moxda sabWoTa struqturis
rRveva da axliT Canacvleba? arsebobs Tu ara
distribuciis qseli? ra mdgomareobaSia kinoTeatrebi
da ratom ar arsebobs qveyanaSi arc erTi municipaluri
kino? romel profesionalur resurss unda daeyrdnos
qarTuli kino da ramdenad zrunavs saxelmwifo axali
profesionaluri kadrebis Camoyalibebaze? aqvs Tu ara
azri filmebis Seqmnas, romlebic, mouvlelobis da prezervaciis
saTanado saSualebebis daucvelobis pirobebSi,
swrafi ganadgurebisTvisaa ganwiruli?
90-ian wlebSi kinoTeatrebis didma nawilma funqcionireba
Sewyvita da im filmebsac, romlebsac wlidan wlamde
iRebdnen, mayurebeli ekranze ver naxulobda. dairRva
kinoindustriis funqcionirebis Semkvreli rgolebis
jaWvi da infrastruqtura. ideologiuri wnexisgan Tavisufali
kinostudia „qarTuli filmi“ damoukidebel
reJimSi, srulyofilad funqcionirebas veRar axerxebda,
damoukideblad Seqmnili kinokompaniebi ki xSirad
erTi filmis gadaRebis Semdeg wyvetdnen arsebobas.
„saxelovani kinematografiuli warsulis“ presi dResac
Zlieria da Tavisuflad muSaobaSi jer kidev xels
uSlis reJisorebs. Zvels axali kliSeebi enacvleba. magaliTad,
Tuki sabWoTa periodSi evropuli kinematografisgan
gansxvavebuloba qarTuli nacionaluri kinos
saamayo aspeqti iyo, axla piriqiT xdeba _ qarTveli re-
Jisorebi cdiloben evropul bazarze orientirebuli
produqcia Seqmnan, rogorc amboben xolme, „evropul
standartebs“ Seusabamon gasayidad gamzadebuli maTi
pirmSoebi. „evropul standartSi“ da qarTuli kinos
gaevropelebaSi an gaamerikulebaSi avtorebi imdenad
filmis proeqtis ganviTarebis, warmoebis procesis an
gayidvis meqanizmebs ar gulisxmoben, ramdenadac bundovan
survils, qarTuli kino raRacnairad dasavlel mayu-
56 cxeli Sokoladi
analizi
oTar koSoriZe, `operacia vundelandi~, 1982
cxeli Sokoladi 57
analizi
rebels moawonon. Temis Ziebisas reJisorebi (gansaku-
TrebiT axalgazrda) da prodiuserebi svamen kiTxvas:
ra ufro moewoneba, ra ufro daainteresebs dasavlel
mayurebels.
marTlac sainteresoa, romeli aspeqtebiT SeuZlia
qarTul kinoindustrias dRes lokaluri Tu saer-
TaSoriso masStabiT Tavi moiwonos? garda imisa, rom
evropel da amerikel kinematografistebs SegviZlia
movuyveT qveynis ulamazes landSaftebSi ganfenili
Tvalwarmtaci peizaJebisa da qarTuli kinos saukunovani
istoriis Sesaxeb.
saqarTveloSi arsebobs ramdenime saxelmwifo kinodawesebuleba,
romelTac wesdebaSi kinematografis ganvi-
Tarebaze orientirebuli amocanebi uweriaT. es dawesebulebebia:
saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli
centri, saaqcio sazogadoeba „qarTuli filmi“, qar-
Tuli filmis ganviTarebis fondi. erTi SexedviT, sami
sxvadasxva istoriuli warsulis mqone kinoinstituciis
funqcionireba kinoindustriis strategiuli winsvlis
garantias unda iZleodes.
saaqcio sazogadoeba `qarTuli filmi~
saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde qarTuli kinematografi
ramdenime mxatvrul films da daaxloebiT 150 kinoqronikas
iTvlida. gasabWoebis Semdeg kinowarmoeba
mTlianad saxelmwifo dafinansebas daeyrdno da 70
wlis manZilze amgvarad funqcionirebda. „saqkinmrewvi“,
„Tbilisis kinostudia“, kinostudia „qarTuli filmi“
sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier marTuli erTi da imave
instituciis sxvadasxva periodis saxelwodebaa. Tumca,
gasuli saukunis dasasruls, rodesac qveyana meored gaxda
damoukidebeli da saqarTvelo kidev erTxel Sevida
kritikul fazaSi, qarTuli kinoindustriis yvelaze
msxvili moTamaSe, kinostudia `qarTuli filmi~ didi
cvlilebebis da rRvevebis winaSe aRmoCnda. kinostudia
„qarTul filmTan“ mimarTebaSi 90-iani wlebis qarTul
presas Tu gadaxedavT, imdenad gansxvavebul mosazrebebs
gadaawydebiT da kinematografistebs Soris imdenad
daundobeli kamaTis momswreebi gaxdebiT, rom Tavgza
advilad agebnevaT da calsaxa pasuxis gamotana gagiWirdebaT.
1991 wels „qarTuli filmi“ kinokoncernad gadakeTda,
prezidentad maSin besarion guguSvili dainiSna. mas
Semdeg, rac zviad gamsaxurdias xelisufleba daemxo,
prezidenti kvlav rezo CxeiZe gaxda, romelic „qarTul
films“ 1991 wlamde 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi marTavda.
1994 wlidan kinokoncerni saaqcio sazogadoebaa. komandituri
sazogadoebis Tavmjdomaris postze isev rezo
CxeiZea. rogorc qarTuli presa iuwyeba, amave wels re-
JisorTa jgufma uari Tqva dafinanseba saxelmwifosgan
mieRo da ganacxada, rom kinom sakuTari Tavi Tavadve
unda irCinos. es reJisorebi maSin lamis moRalateebad
gamoacxades.
58 cxeli Sokoladi
qarTuli filmis ganviTarebis fondis direqtori da
erovnuli kinocentris yofili direqtori gaga CxeiZe
ambobs: „bevrs miaCnia, rom saaqcio sazogadoebad „qar-
Tuli filmis“ gardaqmna Secdoma iyo. saaqcio sazogadoebam
mogebaze rom imuSaos, dividendebi rom gasces,
didi warmoeba unda hqondes... roca centraluri (saxelmwifo)
dafinanseba Sewyda, warmoudgeneli iyo „qarTul
films“ sakuTari Tavi erCina“.
aqciebis ori mesamedi dResac saxelmwifos xelSia,
erTi mesamedi ki TanamSromlebis, romlebic sazogadoebis
aqcionerebi gaxdnen da Tavis droze nominaluri
Rirebulebis vauCerebi daurigdaT. „qarTuli filmis“
daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida uZravi qoneba (kinoTeatrebi,
sxvadasxva daniSnulebis Senoba-nagebobebi, miwebi) da sadistribucio
qseli. gaga CxeiZe: „yvelaferi es saxelmwifom
kinostudias gadasca. aman logikurad gamoiwvia garkveuli
dapirispireba kinematografistTa kavSirsa da
qarTul films Soris. faqtobrivad, es iyo ori banaki,
romelic maSin erTmaneTs eomeboda. kinokavSiri iyo sabWoTa
ideologiis gamtarebeli, marTalia, SemoqmedebiTi
kavSiri erqva da sakuTari Semosavlebic hqonda.
magram ZiriTadad, saxelmwifos kmayofaze arsebobda“.
Tumca, arsebobda dapirispirebis sxva mizezebic: „sabazro
ekonomikaze gadasvlam TavisTavad moitana da dRis
wesrigSi daayena sakiTxi, rom reJisorebsa da prodiuserebs
damoukideblad unda earsebaT. aqedan gaCnda mo-
Txovna, saxelmwifos ara marto „qarTuli filmisTvis“
mieca fuli, aramed sxva proeqtebze da damoukidebel
studiebzec gaenawilebina“.
gaga CxeiZe aseve miiCnevs, rom im axalgazrda reJisor-
Ta mxridan wamosuli ukmayofileba, romlebic fiqrobdnen,
rom „qarTuli filmis“ mier ar unda momxdariyo
kinowarmoebis procesis monopolizacia, gamarTlebuli
iyo: „1992 wels maT scades, daerwmunebinaT ufrosi
Taoba, rom saWiro iyo meti damoukidebloba mieRoT
dedakinostudiisgan. Seqmnes „adam da eva“, sadac buba
xotivari, Temur babluani, nana jorjaZe da sxvebi mu-
Saobdnen“.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi „qarTulma filmma“ ver moaxerxa
saxelmwifos mxridan misTvis dakanonebuli qonebis racionalurad
da saqmisTvis sasargeblod gamoyeneba.
uZravi qonebis nawili gaqiravda da gaiyida, zedmetad
guluxvi saxelSekrulebo pirobebis safuZvelze miwebi
da Senobis farTobebi grZelvadiani ijariT gaica, zogic
aRnagobis uflebiT, rac meijareebs saSualebas aZlevda,
iseTi saxis nagebobebi aegoT, rogorsac moisurvebdnen.
gaga CxeiZe: „ar vici, ramdenad hqonda adgili farul garigebebs,
arc es aris gamoricxuli. albaT adre Tu gvian
imaze, rac maSin xdeboda, viRacam pasuxi unda agos. ar
moxda „qarTuli filmis“ Zireuli reorganizacia“.
asea Tu ise, 90-ian wlebSi „qarTul films“ hqonda
Semosavali, romelic marTalia, kinowarmoebis procesis
sruli svliT aRdgenas ar eyofoda, magram racio
`bevrs miaCnia, rom saaqcio
sazogadoebad `qarTuli filmis"
gardaqmna Secdoma iyo. roca
centraluri dafinanseba Sewyda,
warmoudgeneli iyo `qarTul films~
sakuTari Tavi erCina~.
naluri gankargvis da ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, kinoindustrias
iseT CixSi da absurdul mdgomareobaSi
mainc ar moaqcevda, rogori mdgomareobis Sedegebsac
qarTuli kino dRemde imkis. „qarTuli filmis“ araswori
politika da menejmenti kinoindustriis kolafsis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizezi iyo. SesaZloa, 90-ian
wlebSi ar arsebobda xalxi, romelic axal sistemaze gadarTvaSi
moexmareboda kinostudias an aseTi xalxi iyo
da maT ar hqondaT saSualeba, TavianTi ideebi ganexorcielebinaT.
gaga CxeiZes azriT, ar iyo neba, gaetarebinaT
reformebi, „maT ar icodnen, ra unda ekeTebinaT, ar
iyo xalxi, visac evropuli gamocdileba eqneboda, visac
ecodineboda, ra xdeba evropaSi, rogor unda ganviTarebuliyo
kino“.
kinoqalaqis idea da qarTuli filmis
ganviTarebis fondi
e.w. Zveli kinostudiis teritoriaze arsebuli pavilioni,
romlis erT kedels dResac aqvs gakruli abra
warweriT „adam da eva“, 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi germane
gogitiZis xelmZRvanelobiT aigo. 1992 wels, axalgazrda
reJisorebis moTxovniT (Temur babluani, buba xotivari,
nana jorjaZe...), „qarTuli filmis“ materialur
bazaze Sps-s saxiT kinostudia „adam da eva“ dafuZnda.
„adam da evas“ TiTqmis mTeli sawyisi kapitali swored
„qarTuli filmis“ iyo. „qarTulma filmma“ sawesdebo
kapitalSi maSin Tbilisis istoriuli pavilioni Seitana.
Tumca, „adam da evas“ mogeba mogvianebiT unda gadanawi-
analizi
lebuliyo ara wilobrivi monawileobis mixedviT, aramed
sxvanairad: mogebis 10% darCeboda „qarTul films“,
xolo danarCeni axal kinostudias.
ramdenime wlis win „adam da evam“ Zveli pavilioni ker-
Zo mewarmeebs axal pavilionSi gaucvala, romelic specialurad
maTTvis diRomSi aSenda. danarCeni uZravi qoneba
(Senobebisa da miwis saxiT), kvlav „qarTuli filmis“
kuTvnilebaSi rCeboda. es adgili qalaqis centrSia da
Sesabamisad komerciulad Zalian Rirebuli. mamuka xazaraZe,
romlis xelSic Zveli pavilioni aRmoCnda, rezo
CxeiZesTan winadadebiT mivida. xazaraZis survili iyo,
SeeqmnaT organizacia, romelic erTdroulad gankargavda
Zvel pavilionsac da mis garSemo arsebul teritoriasac,
axali proeqtidan miRebuli mogebis nawili
qarTuli kinos dafinansebaze wavidoda. ase Seiqmna „kinoqalaqis“
idea. gaga CxeiZe: „es iyo Zalian patriotuli
da kargi SemoTavazeba, romelic siamovnebiT miiRo
rezo CxeiZem. swored im mizniT, rom gaadvilebuliyo
komerciuli saqmianoba da erToblivi qmedeba, Camoyalibda
qarTuli kinos ganviTarebis fondi, romelSic kinostudia
`qarTulma filmma~ anu saaqcio sazogadoebam
cxeli Sokoladi 59
analizi
Seitana uZravi qoneba _ 25 aTasi kvadratis saxiT“ (Zveli
kinostudiis mTeli teritoria). 2005 wels 6 adamianisgan
Semdgari fondi Seiqmna, sadac sami kinostudiis,
xolo sami _ saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli iyo. mamuka
xazaraZem didi investiciis mozidvis pasuxismgeblobac
aiRo, laparaki iyo 50-60 milion dolarze. „kinoqalaqis“
saxiT gakeTdeboda komerciul-kulturuli
centri, romelSic kinostruqturebic moeqceoda, maT
Soris _ kinomsaxiobTa Teatric. xazaraZem warmoadgina
proeqti, arsebobda maketis ori varianti. kinoqalaqSi
iqneboda ramdenime kinoTeatri, agreTve kinos muzeumi,
Tumca, 80% komerciul struqturebs unda daekavebina
(sastumro, maRaziebis qseli da a.S.). gaga CxeiZem, romelic
dRes ukve fondis direqtoria, miuReblad miiCnia
istoriuli pavilionis miuzik-holad gadakeTebis idea:
„fondSi gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi arsebobda. saboloo
jamSi fondi im azrs miemxro, rom komerciuli
riski Zalian didi iyo. SeiZleboda im situaciamde mivsuliyaviT,
rom „qarTul films“ Semosavali ar mieRo
an mogeba ar yofiliyo didi da mniSvnelovani. laparaki
iyo teritoriis gayidvazec, razec fondi ar wavida. pi-
60 cxeli Sokoladi
daTo janeliZe, `jayos xiznebi~, 2009
radad me vfiqrobdi, rom kinostruqturebi aucileblad
unda SenarCunebuliyo da am kompleqsis sadRac
30% Cvens sakuTrebaSi unda yofiliyo. amaze xazaraZe
da misi partniorebi ar wamovidnen. maT mainc miaCndaT,
rom unda Camoyalibebuliyo erTiani saaqcio sazogadoeba,
danawevreba-dayofis gareSe. Cven gveSinoda, rom kinostruqturebs
davkargavdiT. SesaZlebeli iyo droTa
ganmavlobaSi arakomerciulobis motiviT daexuraT kinoTeatri
an kinos muzeumi da gadaekeTebinaT restornad.
aranairi garantia ar iyo. arc is iyo gamoricxuli,
rom odesme biznesi sxva adamianebis xelSi ar gadavidoda,
romlebic kinoTi saerTod ar iqnebodnen dainteresebulni.
da es riski kidev ufro izrdeboda“.
proeqti SeCerda, Tumca qarTuli filmis ganviTarebis
fondi arsebobas ganagrZobs. dRes misi saqmianobis
ZiriTadi nawilia Zveli kinostudiis ijariT gacemuli
farTis iuridiuli kontroli da Zvel meijareebTan
urTierTobis mowesrigeba. meijareebisgan miRebuli
TanxiT mimdinareobs amave teritoriaze ganTavsebuli
dokumenturi filmebis studia „mematianes“ saarqivo masalis
gadarCeva, katalogizacia da Sesanaxad mowesrigeba.
am proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg anu gazafxulidan
fondi gegmavs, Tavisi mcire biujeti saganmamaTleblo
miznebs dauTmos, SeZlebisdagvarad daafinansos qar-
Tveli studentebis swavla ucxoeTSi, moawyos seminarebi
axalgazrda kinematografistebisa da momavali profesionalebisTvis.
dRes saqarTvelos kinematografiis
erovnuli centri erTaderTi
saxelmwifo dawesebulebaa, romelic
qveyanaSi filmebis warmoebas konkursis
safuZvelze afinansebs.
oTar koSeirZe, `operacia vundelandi~, 1982 nino axvlediani, `besame~, 1989
kinocentri
„rodesac Zvel, totalitaruli saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebel
struqturasa da e.w. axal talRas Soris
dapirispireba Seiqmna, axalgazrdebis saTaveSi eldar
Sengelaia idga. miuxedavad imisa, rom is Zalian didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi da dResac xelmZRvanelobs kinematografistTa
kavSirs, mas aRmoaCnda Zalian kargi alRo da,
faqtobrivad, mixvda saiT unda wasuliyo saxelmwifo
kinopolitika. SevardnaZis dros man mTavrobas Zalian
swori gadawyvetileba miaRebina (rogorc vici, swored
batoni eldaris gavleniT miiRes) _ kanoni kinematografis
saxelmwifo mxardaWeris Sesaxeb. gadawyda, rom kinematografs
sWirdeboda daxmareba saxelmwifos mxridan
da es marTlac kargi iyo. amis gamo, daiwera kanoni, romelic
saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo da swored am kanonis
safuZvelze Seiqmna saqarTvelos kinematografiis
erovnuli centri“, _ ambobs gaga CxeiZe, romelsac 2005
wlidan sami wlis ganmavlobaSi erovnuli kinocentris
direqtoris Tanamdeboba ekava.
saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centri dRes
saqarTveloSi kinos sakiTxebSi umaRlesi saxelmwifo
instanciaa da erTgvar kinosaministros warmoadgens. kinocentris
mizani qarTuli kinos ganviTarebis saxelmwifo
mxardaWeris koordinacia da saamisod saxelmwifo
biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxis saTanadod mobilizebaa.
(kinocentris debulebiT gansazRvruli ZiriTadi amocanebia:
kinos ganviTarebisTvis samecniero, sainformacio,
sawarmoo da materialur-teqnikuri bazis srulyofa;
erovnuli kinoproduqciis warmoebis finansuri
mxardaWera; kinos infrastruqturisa da kinoqselis
ganviTarebisTvis saxelmwifo mxardaWeris uzrunvelyofa;
saqarTvelos erovnuli kinoarqivis Seqmna; kinoganaTlebisa
da kinomcodneobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba;
SemoqmedebiTi da sainJinro-teqnikuri kadrebis momzadebis
xelSewyoba; saerTaSoriso kavSirebis ganviTareba,
saerTaSoriso kinoorganizaciebSi warmomadgenlobis
uzrunvelyofa; kinofestivalebisa da sxva kulturuli
RonisZiebebis, agreTve saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebSi
monawileobis xelSewyoba).
kinocentri 2000 wels Seiqmna da 2003 wlamde misi ZiriTadi
saqmianoba kinostudia „qarTuli filmis“ mier
dawyebuli srulmetraJiani filmebis dasruleba iyo.
2005 wlidan ki misi struqturuli cvlileba moxda da
daiwyo sainformacio bazebis mobilizeba, saganmanaTleblo
proeqtebis ganxorcieleba, kinoeqsportis meqanizmebis
daxvewa, kavSirebis damyareba ucxoel kolegebTan,
festivalebis saxiT qarTuli kinematografis CarTva
ucxour kinoprocesebSi da kinomemkvidreobis dacvaze
zrunva. 2008 wels kinocentris xelmZRvaneloba Seicvala,
romelmac „qarTuli kinos ganviTarebis strategia“
SeimuSava, anu es aris gegma, romlis mTavari misia kinoseqtoris
gaZliereba erovnul doneze da saerTaSoriso
asparezze misi konkurentunarianobis amaRlebaa.
analizi
marTalia proeqtis `kinematografis ganviTarebis strategiis~
prezentacia gasuli wlis oqtomberSi kulturis,
sportisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministroSi gaimarTa,
Tumca is jer kidev ar damtkicebula Sesabamisi struqturebis
mier.
kinowarmoebis problemebi
1990-dan 2000 wlamde saqarTveloSi 43 mwarmoebeli
kinokompania Seiqmna, aqedan sami mxolod dokumentur
filmebze muSaobda, erTi animaciurze, danarCenebi ki
ZiriTadad, mxatvrul da mcire raodenobis dokumentur
filmebs Sereulad awarmoebdnen. 43 organizaciidan
ocdaeqvss 90-ian wlebSi (umetesobas ki mTeli arsebobis
manZilze) mxolod TiTo filmi aqvs warmoebuli.
zogierTis maqsimumi ki mTeli dekadis ganmavlobaSi 6
filmia. ramdenime maTgani („sxivi“, „+1“, „dro“, „adami da
eva“, „noe“, „sameba“, „freska“, „kavkasioni“, „orbi“, „kvali“)
„qarTuli filmis“ materialur-teqnikur bazaze
Seiqmna da realurad damoukidebel Sps-ebs arc warmoadgendnen.
CamoTvlili kinostudiebis TanamSromlebs
saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxidan xelfass
isev da isev „qarTuli filmi“ uxdida. erTi SexedviT absurduli
situaciis detalebSi Caxedva am statiis amocana
araa, magram rogorc faqti, rbilad rom vTqvaT,
sainteresoa. mniSvnelovani isaa, rom „qarTuli filmis“
msgavsma „restruqturizaciam“ qarTuli kinowarmoebis
bedze arcTu ise kargi gavlena iqonia.
dRes saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centri
erTaderTi saxelmwifo dawesebulebaa, romelic qveyana-
Si filmebis warmoebas konkursis safuZvelze afinansebs.
2000 wlidan 2003 wlamde kinocentrma monawileoba mii-
Ro kinostudia „qarTul filmSi“ 9 srulmetraJian da 2
moklemetraJian animaciur filmze dawyebuli muSaobis
dasrulebaSi. xolo 2003 wlidan moyolebuli dRemde kinocentri
kidev 11 srulmetraJiani, 10 moklemetraJiani
mxatvruli, 12 moklemetraJiani sadebiuto, 16 dokumenturi,
6 animaciuri filmis Tanadamfinansebelia.
kinowarmoebis sferoSi kinocentris politika orientirebulia
iseTi proeqtebis dafinansebaze, romlebic
kinematografis mxatvrul ganviTarebas uwyobs xels
da e.w. potenciur safestivalo kinod iTvleba. magram,
rogorc ukanasknelma welma gviCvena, kinematografistebi
saqarTveloSi komerciuli filmebiTac arian dainteresebulni,
romlebic maT popularobas adgilobriv
bazarze moupoveben. garda saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebisken
mizanmimarTuli filmebis avtorebisa, saqarTveloSi
sxva tipis prodiuserebic gaCndnen. isini
ufro metad lokalur mayurebelze akeTeben gaTvlas
da qveynis Sida bazarze aqtiurad damkvidrebisTvis
ibrZvian („idiotokratia“, „rac yvelaze Zalian giyvars“,
„rac yvelaze Zalian giyvars 2“, „gogona slaididan“).
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 108
cxeli Sokoladi 61
specproeqti
sazRvrebi
ideis avtori: ana korZaia-samadaSvili
ilustracia: maia sumbaZe
`gveraferi gavige. mTeli bavSvoba es sazRvari, berlinis
kedelze gacilebiT metad, Cemi piradi rkinis farda iyo.
auRebeli. gayinuli. Rrma, bneli wylis Txrili. boboqari
talRebis kedeli. adgili, sadac yoveldRe vxedavdi, Cemi
samyaro sad mTavrdeboda.
axla ki wesieri mowmobac ar mqonda _ da gamiSves. ori wuTic
da SvedeTis karibWe gaixsneba. ise gavSterdi, rom udanaSaulo
gogos roli sul damaviwyda da gaxevebulma gadavixade
madloba.
roca gemi navsadgomidan gavida, gembanze avedi. zasnics
Sevcqerodi da cremli mdioda.
guli ar amCuyebia, risxva momawva. ra banaluri ambavi yofila.
yoveldRiuri, arafrismTqmeli. ubralod, SvedeTis sazRvari.
gaiareT, aq sayurebeli araferia, gaiareT~.
klaudia ruSi
.
fotoproeqti
specproeqti
specproeqti
Sveduri borani
klaudia ruSi
baltiis zRvasTan gavizarde. iseve,
rogorc dedaCemi, babuaCemi, misi
mSoblebi da maTi mSoblebi, da maTi
mSoblebi da ase... 500 wlis ganmavlobaSi
Cemi winaprebi kapitnebi da kapitnis
colebi iyvnen. mTeli dinastia,
Zveli gvari da ucvleli samSoblo,
rogorc wesi da rigia: vustroveli
bradheringebi fiSlandiidan. deda-
Cems gaumarTla, rom gogod gaCnda.
gvaris gamgrZelebels bebia da babua
sruli seriozulobiT silvestrs
daarqmevdnen. silvestr bradheringi
fiSlandiidan. aseTi rameebi meniuSi
weria xolme.
Cemi biologiuri mama dedaCemis
ocnebis mamakaci ar yofila, magram
ojaxur koncefciaSi kargad jdeboda.
mxolod da mxolod sazRvao Zalebis
oficeri iyo, Tan saqsoneli,
magram kapitani.
is riugenis Crdilo dasavleT kideSi
msaxurobda. marcxniv Tu gavuyvebodiT,
hidenis tbas mivadgebodiT,
sadRac iq, zRvis meore napirze
ki SvedeTis samefo iyo. maSin karl
gustavis da silvia zomerlaTis Sesaxeb
araferi msmenoda, magram SvedeTi
zRapruli qveyana iyo CemTvis. ocnebis
mxare. adgili, sadac ar gviSvebd-
64 cxeli Sokoladi
nen, sadac daTviviT didi da Ronieri
kacebi cxovrobdnen, qalebi `ABBA~s
agnesas hgavdnen da yvela feradi
bafTebiT cekvavda `maisis xis~ gar-
Semo. me ase warmomedgina. mxiaruli
qveyana, qera xalxiT savse.
kunZulis aRmosavleTiT, zasnicidan,
dReSi orjer gemi treleborgSi
gadioda. Sveduri borani. sul Canda,
zRvas seravda, iqiT-aqeT, Zalian
nela, TiTqos horizontis gaswvriv,
rogorc Cans, sanapiro zolis paralelurad.
me da dedaCemi ki yovel
zafxuls visxediT da deda TeTr
gems gascqeroda.
Cemi erT-erTi yvelaze adreuli
mogoneba swored es suraTia. bakenbergis
ukacriel sanapiroze varT,
kldeebTan, romlebsac mercxlebi
dastrialeben. TeTri sabavSvo qudi
maxuravs, SiSveli dedis kalTaSi vzivar
da xels viqnev, xels vuqnev did
gems. deda mkocnis da yurSi CamCur-
Culebs: gpirdebi, erT dRes am borniT
gavcuravT, Sen da me, baltiis
zRvis sxva napirebisken. damijere,
ase iqneba.
wlebi gavida, Cemi mSoblebi gaiyarnen,
Cven berlinSi gadavsaxldiT.
magram ramdenjerac Svedur borans
davinaxavdiT xolme, deda Tvalebs
xeliT iCrdilavda, zRvas miacqerdeboda
da Cumad oxravda. erT dResac
iqneba da am borans gavyvebiT.
ar gavyolivarT.
mere bevrjer mifiqria da miocnebia,
ra adgilas SeiZleboda treleborgSi
mimaval malmos eqspresSi damalva,
an sxva ra gziT movaxerxebdi
SvedeTSi gadaparvas. aq xom berlini
ar iyo, arc mavTulxlarTebi Canda
da arc guSagebi dadiodnen. es xom
zRvaa. raRacnairad mainc unda xerxdebodes
meore napirze gadasvla..
maSin ar vicodi, ramdeni adamiani
daiRupa baltiis zRviT gaqcevis mcdelobisas,
ar vicodi, rom skandinaveli
meTevzeebi TavianT badeebSi
wlebis ganmavlobaSi gvamebs poulobdnen,
da rom Cemi sayvareli zRva
gdr-m sasikvdilo xafangad aqcia. es
rom mcodnoda, albaT zRvaSi veRarc
vibanavebdi.
bebiaCemi StralzundSi cxovrobda.
iseve, rogorc dedaCemma, Tavisi
kapitani da fiSlandia manac miatova.
rogorc ki saSualeba eZleoda,
umalve hidenis tbaze miemgzavreboda
xolme: 2,50 marka noidorfamde,
3,00 marka vitemde da 3,50 qloste
amde. cxadia, bebia Stralzundis
navsadgomSi yvela bileTis gamyidvel
qalbatons icnobda da, cxadia,
zasnicis mebileTe qalbatonebTanac
kargi urTierToba hqonda. da ai,
1989 wlis 10 noembris dilas bebia-
Cemi, aRmosavluri koniakis boTliT
jibeSi, Stralzundis navsadgomSi gamocxadda
da qalbatonebs daxmareba
sTxova. zasnicidan treleborgSi mimavali
gemis bileTebi undoda, ori
gza, 1989 wlis 24 dekembrisTvis. es
misi saSobao saCuqari iyo. Sveduri
borniT mogzauroba. baltiis zRvis
meore napirisken.
im Soba dRes boranma lamis erTi
saaTiT daigviana da treleborgis-
Tvis dro aRar darCa. gembanidan
mainc gadavediT. SvedeTis 10 wuTi.
uSno, usaxelo navsayudeli, sawarmoo
nagebobebi, wvimisgan ganacrisferebuli
garemo, magram SvedeTi.
rogorc iqna. Cveni mainc gavitaneT.
im qveynisa cota meti mxolod xuTi
wlis Semdeg vnaxe. erTi weli italia-
Si vswavlobdi da bevr skandinavels
davumegobrdi. aprilis dasawyisSi
boloniidan yvelani gaiqcnen, radgan
pos zeganze metismetad dascxaT.
me maiss mamacurad gavuZeli, Cemi
megobari Sarlota ivnisis bolomdec
ki darCa. mere ramdenime Svedma
studentma agvistoSi gotlandiaSi
dagvpatiJa. SvedeTi Zalian momewona.
xalxi Tbili iyo, saxlebi _ ulamazesi,
da yvela IKEA-s katalogidan
gadmosuls hgavda. oraguli da arayi
yvelgan hqondaT. polaruli samoTxe.
malmos eqspresiT jer zasnicSi
gavemgzavreT, mere gemze avediT da
SvedeTisken aviReT gezi. yvelaferi
kargad aewyo. bebiaCemis mosanaxuleblad
yovelTvis malmos eqspresiT
miwevda xolme mgzavroba. martivi
mizezis gamo. rac 6 wlisa moviyare,
berlinidan, ZiriTadad, martoka
mivdiodi xolme bebiasTan. malmos
eqspresi Stralzundamde mxolod samjer
Cerdeboda, amitom Zalian mcire
albaToba rCeboda imisa, rom sadguri
amereoda, araswor matarebelSi
avidodi an saidanme gadmovvardebodi.
Sesabamisad, wlidan wlamde am ma-
tarebelSi vijeqi. es Zalian maxalisebda,
radgan vicodi, rom zasnicSi
matarebels boranze gadaiyvandnen da
mere is treleborgidan gaagrZelebda
gzas. garda amisa, matarebels saxelic
kargi erqva: malmos eqspresi.
Soreuli, usazRvro samyaros Zaxili.
me ki StralzundSi, riugendamis sadgurSi
Cavdiodi. yuradReba, karebi
iketeba da frTxilad, matarebeli
gadis.
amjerad me da Sarlota matareblidan
ar CavsulvarT da pirvelad
gaviare gza malmomde. kmayofilebas
ver vmalavdiT. magari iyo _ mivemgzavrebiT!
1996 wels, roca Sveduri borniT
mesamed vimgzavre, bavSvoba wamomewia.
mindoda, zafxulis buniobas
CrdiloeT SvedeTSi Sevxvedrodi. 19
ivnisi iyo da Cems piradobis mowmobasac
da evropul pasportsac im dRes
gasdioda vada. es zed wasvlis win aRmovaCine.
germanul uwyebebSi sirbilis
dro aRar darCa, amitom araferi
damrCenoda _ egeb da gamimarTlos.
malmos eqspresi sadRac Ramis orze
Cavida zasnicis navsadgomSi. egeb gamimarTlos
da aRaravin amovides, Tu
arada, Tavs movimZinareb da egeb ver
SemamCnion. Tu gaWirda, patara gogosaviT
moviqcevi: gafarToebuli Tvalebi,
tkbili luRluRi, umweo caxcaxi.
yovelTvis Wris. imedia, guli
mebaJeebsac unda hqondeT.
ise, mTlad darwmunebulic ar viyavi,
rom gavZvrebodi, imitom rom vadagasuli
sabuTi erTia da manqanebis
sadgomis qviTris arqona _ sul sxva.
aseTi fiqri mitrialebda.
zasnicSi CavediT, matarebeli rweva-rweviT
gemis mucelSi Sevida da
mesazRvreebis jeric dadga. bolos
viRaca movida, mRviZars Tavze damadga
da sabuTi momTxova. mivawode da
brZnulad vecade, TariRi ceraTiTiT
damefara. amaod. mebaJes wamis measedi
dasWirda imisaTvis, rom maxvili
TvaliT problemas Caswvdomoda.
`qaliSvilo, Tqvens mowmobas ori
saaTis win gauvida vada~.
kai. Tvalebi farTod gavaxile: `ese
igi, SvedeTSi ar SemiSveben?~
specproeqti
pasuxi ar gaucia, miTxra, momyevio.
ukve vxedavdi, rom borkilebi damades,
moxeleebis gacurebisTvis an
qveyanaSi ukanonod Sesvlis mcdelobiTvis
damapatimres...
mere ki ai, ra moxda: gverdiT
ganyofilebaSi gamiyvana, ujridan
fotoaparati amoiRo da mkiTxa, xurda
ar maqvs, aTi marka geqnebaTo. mere
suraTi gadamiRo da axali mowmoba
damimzada.
sul ubralod.
veraferi gavige. mTeli bavSvoba es
sazRvari, berlinis kedelze gacilebiT
metad, Cemi piradi rkinis farda
iyo. auRebeli. gayinuli. Rrma, bneli
wylis Txrili. boboqari talRebis
kedeli. adgili, sadac yoveldRe vxedavdi,
Cemi samyaro sad mTavrdeboda.
axla ki wesieri mowmobac ar mqonda
_ da gamiSves. ori wuTic da Svede-
Tis karibWe gaixsneba. ise gavSterdi,
rom udanaSaulo gogos roli sul
damaviwyda da gaxevebulma gadavixade
madloba.
roca gemi navsadgomidan gavida,
gembanze avedi. zasnics Sevcqerodi
da cremli mdioda.
guli ar amCuyebia, risxva momawva.
ra banaluri ambavi yofila. yoveldRiuri,
arafrismTqmeli. ubralod,
SvedeTis sazRvari. gaiareT, aq sayurebeli
araferia, gaiareT.
veRar gaviare. cxviridan skvintli
mdioda, maxsendeboda, rogor mewureboda
xolme guli, roca am TeTr
gems vxedavdi. maxsendeboda, rogori
SegrZnebaa, roca samyarodan gariyuli,
aRmosavleTSi datusaRebuli da
daviwyebuli xar.
imwams mivxvdi, rom Sveduri borani
Cemi saSveli iyo. me aRar viyavi ususuri
gogo, baltiis zRvis piras rom
idga, `maT~ Cems cxovrebasTan xeli
aRar hqondaT da usamarTlod mas ve-
Raravin ganagebda. SvedeTi da borani
araferSuaSia; saubaria Tavisuflebaze,
romelic horizontze moCans.
1996 wlis 20 ivnisis Rames Cavedi.
moajirTan videqi da vxedavdi, rogor
qreboda RameSi zasnicis sina-
Tleebi.
cxeli Sokoladi 65
specproeqti
When I’m 64
ana korZaia-samadaSvili
erTi akviatebuli sizmari mqonda,
arc cudi, arc kargi, ubralod,
cxovrebis Tanmxlebi iyo: bnel SesasvlelSi
kars vaReb. derefanSic
bnela, magram es araferia, ar me-
Sinia, radgan iqaurobas Cinebulad
vicnob. Sesasvlelidan or nabijSi,
xelmarcxniv, saxelurs vpoulob,
patara oTaxSi Sevdivar, Suqs van-
Teb da vxedav erT mxares wignis
Taroebs, meore mxares _ logins,
win _ Zvel karadas. Zalian dalagebulia
es oTaxio, ver ityvi, magram
esec araferia. Sevdivar am oTaxSi,
Tarodan wigns viReb, stafilosfer
toms, `uTavo mxedari~, dawolas
da wakiTxvas vgegmav da Zalian
kargad vgrZnob Tavs, imitom, rom
es sinamdvileSi arasodes naxuli
oTaxi Cemia, Cemi saxlia.
didxans vxedavdi am sizmars, mere
_ aRara, bolos mimaviwyda kidec.
sul cota xnis winaT, erTi wignis
koreqtura unda gamekeTebina.
amonabeWdi Taroebze davde _
66 cxeli Sokoladi
ra meCqareba? mTavaria, Cabarebis
bolo vada guSin ar iyos... hoda,
erT dResac mivedi saxlSi da vifiqre,
namusic kargi saqonelia,
jandabas, Sevudgebi-meTqi saqmes.
Sevedi oTaxSi, avanTe Suqi da Tarodan
gadmoviRe ara stafilosferi
tomi, aramed A4-ze amobeWdili
wigni, gind daijereT, gind _ ara,
`uTavo mxedari~. da umalve vicani:
erT mxares _ wignis Taroebi, meore
mxares _ logini, win _ Zveli karada.
Zalian dalagebulia es oTaxio,
ver vityvi, magram ai, dardi, imitom,
rom manamde sizmarSi asgzis
naxuli oTaxi Cemia, Cemi saxlia, da
Tu vinmes ar moswons, SeuZlia, sul
ar Sexedos; me iq Zalad SeTreuli
aravin minaxavs.
. . .
is, rasac qoneba hqvia, CemTvis
amouxsnel gamocanad darCa. Cemi
sabralo, sabWoeTSi Camoyalibebuli
tvini verafriT ver xvdeba,
ratom unda iyidos kacma veneciis
romelime palaco. rad minda? ramden
oTaxSi unda daviZino? amis-
Tana ra unda gamasuqos gamCenma,
rom Cveulebriv derefanSi ver gaviaro?
verafriT vxvdebi, ratom
yiduloben adamianebi saxlebs dedamiwis
sxvadasxva mxareebSi _ Tu
amdeni fuli meqneba, yvelaze karg
sastumroebSi vicxovreb, yvelaze
gemriel kerZebs SevWam, swored
imas vnaxav, rac gamixardeba, da am
dros araferze vidardeb, radgan
_ damijereT, Cemxela qalisa tyuilic
daijereba, _ sakuTreba Tavis
tkivilia da meti araferi.
ara, kidev erTi ramaa: damRupveli,
ZirgamomTxreli, cxovrebis
Semcvleli siyvaruli. miSveleT,
xalxo! me Seyvarebuli var!
me miyvars saxli, da me, qals, romelmac
zustad icis, rom kerZo
sakuTrebis nebismieri forma, TviT
ojaxic ki, totaluri mamaZaRlobaa,
Cemi, sakuTari saxli miyvars,
da imis warmodgenaze, rom is SeiZleba
odesme Cemi aRar iyos, guli
miCerdeba.
rac erTad varT, sxva qveyana-
Si cxovrebis azri aRar momsvlia.
saxlma Tbiliss, rogorc Cans, saSviliSvilod
mimaWeda. mis WerqveS
gaTenebuli ramdenime Ramis Semdeg
sxvagan darCena aSkarad aRar mixaria
da sul avtopilotic rom mWirdebodes,
mainc mivaRwev, simRer-simReriT:
`When I’m 64...~ me misi iseTi
erTguli var, rom Tavadac mikvirs,
da saxlic amiT mpasuxobs: yovel-
Tvis miRebs, Cemi misvla yovelTvis
uxaria da upirobod vuyvarvar.
rac ar unda vqna, vuyvarvar. Cven
Tormeti welia, erTmaneTze vgiJdebiT.
mas mere, rac Cems cxovrebaSi
es saxli gaCnda, gavuge maT, vinc
quCis brZolebSi iRupebodnen. gasagebi
gaxda gamoTqma: `vai usaxlkaros~.
axla mesmis, ratom iTvleboda
saxl-karis gadawva ojaxis
wevris mkvlelobis tolfasad. mas
mere, rac saxli myavs, CemTvis laparaki
damCemda, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
gareSe Tvali verasodes mixvdeba,
rom saxls velaparakebi, xolo Tu
mixvda, da, miT umetes, teqsti Tu
gaigona _ ehehei, aniCka, es ra mogsvlia!
`salami, saxloviC! _ vRriancelob
karis gaRebisas, _ xom xar magrada
da magrada?~
`aba, Sen ici da Senma saxlobam! _
vubareb gasvlisas, _ Sen dardi ar
gqondes, male Camoval da silamazeebs
Camogitan~.
da Camomaqvs kidec. saCuqari imas,
saCuqari amas da erTic _ saxls.
aTasgvari sisulele, oRond praqtikuli,
rom saxlovskis zedmeti
bargi ar avkido. me ki baraqians vikideb
xolme: zurgiT maqvs naTrevi
Tujis sakidebi, uzarmazari qva
_ sanaTuri, romelic saxlovskis
klimaturi Taviseburebebis gamo,
vaglax, gacocxlda (ar gamifrenia,
marTla: stalaqtiti Tu stalagmiti
yofila da gubis dayeneba dasCemda).
mudmivi stumrebic ukve Cemi
ki ara, saxlis stumrebi arian da
misTvis zrunaven: anTiam saferfle
moutana, ueWvelia, sadRac awapnili,
evem jibe gaukeTa _ vardisferi
konverti, romelic krizisis fonze,
vaglax, carielia, magram arsebobs.
Cemi da saxlis Wiqebi Tbilisis Ramis
cxovrebaze srul warmodgenas
iZleva, TeTreuli stumrebis hipur
suliskveTebaze metyvelebs,
xolo temperatura imis dasturia,
rom мы в воде ледянной не тонем и в
огне почти не горим...
mavanni mixsniT, rom es saxli
unda gavyido da sxva unda viyido,
radgan saxli moxucia, avadaa, da
mTlad Tavxedebi imis Tqmasac ki
mibedaven, rom misi sneuleba Sei-
Zleba gadamdebi aRmoCndes. Zalian
Wkvianuri rCevaa: Cemi didi siyvaruli
iseT tips unda davuTmo,
romelsac is moxucad, avadmyofad
da fuWad miaCnia, romelic masTan
kontrabanda
gigi guledani
Cemi sofeli svaneTSi, ruseTis
sazRvarTanac axlosaa da afxazeTis
sazRvarTanac. is iTvleba
xeobis centralur dasaxlebad,
magram arc erT rukaze araa datanili,
miuxedavad imisa, rom
gacilebiT ufro patara garSemo
soflebi (da rukebze zogjer amave
soflis calkeuli ubnebic ki)
aRniSnulia xolme, magram mTlianad
sofeli _ arasdros. ra Sei-
Zleba iyos amis mizezi, eSmakma
uwyis. mamaCems vkiTxe, ar icoda.
megobrebs vuTxari da, _ raime
specproeqti
erTad ki ar icxovrebs, aramed TavisTvis
amuSavebs, da RamiT martos
datovebs, da awyeninebs, da dascinebs...
ara!
mogaxsenebT, briyvebo, rom samSoblos
da saxls ar vyidi, rom deda
moxucic dedaa, rom Tu karg gamokvlevas
CaitarebT, Tqven ufro
avadmyofebi aRmoCndebiT (hehe!), me
ki saxli arafers gadamdebs, radgan
raqitis asaki gamivida, jansaRi
saxsrebi maqvs da kameliebiani qalbatonis
namdvil ambavs Cemze veravin
moyveba. ololo Tqven!
es Cemi sayvareli sazRvaria:
zRurbli, romelsac gadavabijeb _
da SenTan var, saxlovski.
dae, iwvimos, iTovos _ TavSi qva
ixalos da mucelSi samarTebeli! kedlebi
sqelia, mtkice, saxuravamde ki
Zalian Soria. dae, iyefon quCis ZaRlebma
_ axlos mainc ver movlen, Cveni
mura yvelas moereva. mere ra, rom
xandaxan uadgilo adgilebidan wyali
gvasxams _ egeTebi gadagvitania? mere
ra, rom qalaqis mesveurebma pativi
dagvdes da zogi kari ar gveReba da
zogi ar gveketeba _ Cvens garda aq
Zvirfasi araferia, da Cveni waRebac,
me Tu mkiTxav, ar Rirs. ase rom, Sen
nurafris dardi nu geqneba, Sen rogor
Segelevi, saxlovski. sadRa vipovi
SenisTana CemisTana saxls?
da vicxovrebT ase, me da Cemi
saxlovski, da erTmaneTi Zalian
gveyvareba, maSinac, roca 64-is gavxdebi.
saidumlo obieqtebi xom ar ariso;
meTqi, ra sisulelea...
ra saidumlo obieqti _ erTi
klubia soflis centrSi naxevrad
gamocvlili, erTi samsarTuliani
skola, sasaflao, axali eklesia,
Zveli maRaziebi, bevri kalmaxi
cxeli Sokoladi 67
specproeqti
mdinareSi (romelzec soflidan
mdinaris saTaveebisken asuli
xalxi dinamitiT nadirobs xolme)
da axali fexburTis moedani.
klubs SarSan gamoucvales gadaxurva,
oRond marto nawilobriv,
imitom, rom `centridan~ gamoyofili
fuli mTel saxuravs ar eyo
da aseve axal fexburTis moedans
sami wyeba rkinis bade standartuli
modeliT karebebs ukan
aqvT, maSin roca am SemTxvevaSi
mdinaris gaswvriv unda hqonoda,
radgan, rogorc wesi, swored
mdinareSi gadafrenili burTebi
ikargeba xolme yvelaze xSirad.
swored aq bolo omis dros,
aTi agvistos dilas aivanze rom
gamovedi da Cem pirdapir marmarilos
myinvars avxede, zed
uzarmazari asoebiT ewera: `vania,
Celiabinsk. avgust, 2008~, razec,
ra Tqma unda, elda meca, magram
ezoSi wyaroze piri rom davibane,
myinvars xelmeored avxede,
aRmoCnda, rom warwera sizmridan
gadmoyolili halucinaciis nawili
iyo.
bolodroindeli sizmrebidan
ki ramdenime iyo iseTi, romle-
68 cxeli Sokoladi
bic ase Tu ise sazRvrebis darRvevas
an gadalaxvas ukavSirdeboda.
erTi xdeboda rokis gvirabSi,
erTi saqarTvelo-somxeT-azerbaijanis
sazRvarze, erTi Turqe-
Tis sazRvarze, erTic tajikeTavRaneTis,
sadac TiTqos me da
Cemi megobari sayofacxovrebo
teqnikis haSiSze gadasacvlelad
CavediT.
am oTxi siuJetidan mxolod
TurqeTis sazRvris epizodi dasrulda
tragikulad _ specnazis
snaiperebma umowyalod Cacxriles
TurqeTidan gadmosuli samxedro
jipi da adgilze myofma
televiziam Tavisi mikroavtobusidan
satelitebze gadasca manqanidan
gadmosuli dasisxlianebuli
koreeli jariskacis saxe.
saidan moxvda koreeli jariskaci
Turqul samxedro jipSi da
ratom gamoarRvia am adamianma
TurqeT-saqarTvelos sazRvari,
amoucnobi darCa. fonis specanalizma
perimetrze veranairi radiacia
ver aRmoaCina.
am erTis garda, danarCeni `sasazRvro
epizodebi~ bednierad
sruldeboda xolme. maxsovs,
rokis gvirabidan ruseTisken
sul xoxviT gavaRwie da rusi
mesazRvreebiT garSemortymuls
fotokamerebis Cxakunis meti
aRaraferi mesmoda, magram mixaroda,
rom mSvidobiT gadavrCi.
im wuTas xelSi meWira sicocxlis
ori garantia _ bevri Jurnalisti
garSemo da ucxo, magram simpaTiuri
axalgazrda kaci pijak-
Si, romelic operatorebis ukan
idga, gabrwyinebuli saxiT Tvals
mikravda da TiTebiT maCvenebda
gamarjvebis niSans (`V~). mivxvdi,
rom is CemiT amayobda.
saqarTvelo-somxeT-azerbaijanis
sazRvarze me da Cemi megobari
visxediT maRlobze, xan
erT qveyanas gadavxedavdiT, xan
meores da yurSi ratomRac sa-
galoblebi Cagvesmoda. `samxreT
sazRvarze cvlilebebi ar aris~,
_ CavZaxeT bazas raciaSi.
tajikeTs rac Seexeba, mand
me da Cemma megobarma ubralod
areulobiTa da rusul-tajikuri
korufciiT visargebleT. tajikur
(anu yofil sabWoTa) sazRvars
maSin (90-ianebSi, da albaT
dResac) rusebi akontrolebdnen.
Talibebi RamRamobiT masobrivi
SturmebiT awvebodnen avRaneTidan.
sazRvrispira srolaSi
bevri ixoceboda, magram amasTan
erTad iyo TanamSromlobis sanimuSo
magaliTebic, da Sedegad,
duSanbedan wyvetilad wamosuli
opiatebis TeTri nakadebi moZme
respublikebSi regularulad nawildeboda.
asrulebda Tu ara Tavis funqcias
tajikuri sazRvari? ra Tqma
unda, asrulebda, Tu davuSvebT,
rom sazRvari aris xazi romelic
or samyaros erTmaneTisgan mijnavs.
ras akavebdnen rusi mesazRvreebi
_ Talibebis gavlenas
Tu narkotrafiks? albaT ufro
Talibebs, radgan narkotrafiki,
rogorc ukve vTqviT, isec da
asec awyobilad muSaobda. eWvi
maqvs, rusebs egonaT, rom Talibebs
tajikeTze ideologiuri
gavlenis gavrceleba undodaT,
arada, eseni sinamdvileSi, ubralod
narkotrasebisTvis ibrZodnen.
SeZles Tu ara mxareebma TavianTi
miznis miRweva? eSmakma
uwyis. arc maSin da arc axla
amaze detalur informacias ar
vflob, am geopolitikur frontebze
me WianWvelas wonac ki ar
maqvs _ ubralod cifruli kamerebis
partia gadavcvale ramdenime
kilo haSiSSi (es iyo da es)
da wamovedi TviTmfrinaviT ukan.
sxvaTa Soris, arc duSanbesa da
arc Tbilisis aeroportebSi wi-
Teli (sasazRvro kontrolis)
xazi ar gadamikveTia. ra saWiroa
zedmeti beWdebi pasportSi?
mokled, Cemi mokrZalebuli
gamocdilebiT, yvela sazRvari
akrZalvaze mianiSnebs. Tu Cven
winaa sazRvari, es imas niSnavs,
rom amis iqiT raRacis gakeTeba
ar SeiZleba. kargia Tu ara es?
mTavari sazRvris molodinSi
giorgi gvaxaria
`TurqiSis~ TviTmfrinavebSi rom
patara ekranebia damontaJebuli,
vgiJdebi, ise momwons. vuyureb
rukas da vxvdebi, sada var.. rac
mTavaria, dro ase ufro swrafad
gadis.
CemTvis es procesi ormagad sasiamovnoa.
araerTxel minaxavs
sizmarSi zevidan danaxuli qalaqi,
zevidan danaxuli qveyana, zevidan
danaxuli planeta. dafrinav da
uyureb! drodadro Tvals Wutav,
ukeT rom dainaxo. an dabla eSvebi,
raTa Seexo yvelafers, rac mogwons.
sanam am ekranebs daamontaJebdnen,
TviTmfrinavSi radiomimRebs
vrTavdi xolme. ukrainul enas
ruminuli cvlida, ruminuls ungruli,
ungruls _ germanuli...
franguli enis gagonebisTanave
vxvdebodi, rom TviTmfrinavi parizs
miuaxlovda!
esec Taviseburi netareba iyo _
specproeqti
Cemi azriT, sazRvari ar atarebs
dadebiT muxts, imitom rom, rogorc
wesi, sxvisgan Tavsmoxveul
akrZalvasa da gareSe kontrols
gulisxmobs. Tumca, sazRvrebis
gauqmebisTvis deklarirebuli
brZola infantilurobad mimaCnia:
ra saWiroa los-anjeleseli
marqsisti studentis doneze
dasvla, roca yovelTvis mosula
molaparakeba TamaSis wesebze?
`SeTanxmeba savizo reJimis gamartivebis
Sesaxeb~; `SeTanxmeba sazRvris
gadakveTis gamartivebis
Sesaxeb~; `SeTanxmeba kavSirSi gawevrianebis
Sesaxeb~.
da Tu eseni ar muSaobs, yovelTvis
SeiZleba cxovrebiT gadaRlili
rusi generlis moZebna,
romelic nebismier tvirTs,
nebismier sazRvarze xakisferi
TviTmfrinavebiT uproblemod
gadmogataninebs.
jer erTi, ase ufro swrafad gadioda
dro im tanjvaSi, romelsac
`frena~ hqvia (CemTvis, frena yvelaze
saSineli tanjvaa) da meorec
_ enebis cvla badebda samyaros
dauflebis gancdas, mTlianobisa
da mravalferovnebis erTianobis
SegrZnebas.
sabWoTa epoqaSi gazrdilisTvis
Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ufleba
yvelaze didi saCuqari iyo, rac
iRbalma momaniWa. Sengenis vizebi
cxeli Sokoladi 69
specproeqti
roca SemoiRes, mTeli weli vagrovebdi
fuls, evropa rom dameTvalierebina.
axla vixseneb, ra damrCa
im mogzaurobidan? kiolnis
taZari? romis kolizeumi? briuselis
`grand plasi~? gaudis saxlebi
barselonaSi? ara da ara. yvelaze
waruSleli gancda am qveynebs
Soris gauqmebuli sazRvari iyo;
aeroportSi pasportis `damTvalierebeli~
mesazRvris sazizRar
mzeras gadavurCi, matarebelSi
aRar Semosulan ucnaurad Cacmuli
qalebi da kacebi, romlebic kidev
ufro met kiTxvas gisvamen, vidre
maTi kolegebi aeroportSi...
magram evropaSi yvelaze sasiamovno
mainc manqaniT mogzauroba gaxda;
avtobanebze gauqmda sasazRvro
punqtebi, uamrav adamians rom
daakargvines cxovrebis Zvirfasi
dro _ wuTebi, saaTebi, dReebic ki
(am sasazRvro punqtebTan xom, rogorc
wesi, ugrZelesi rigi idga).
erTi qveynidan meoreSi moxvedra
ramdenime wamSi gaxda SesaZlebeli;
da sizmarSi frenisa ar iyos,
am SemTxvevaSic sul ramdenime
wamSi icvleboda ena, faqtura,
stili, dizaini, ganaTeba; germania-safrangeTis
sazRvarze, ufro
sworad ukve gauqmebuli sazRvris
or mxares, sruliad gansxvavebul
yavas aduRebdnen, gansxvavebuli
gemo hqonda luds, kruasans...
CemTvis, adamianisTvis, romelic
lamis mTeli cxovreba sazRvris
gauqmebas qadagebda, es `Sengenis
zona~ axali sicocxlis dasawyisi
iyo... Tanac imis imedi, rom `zona~
gafarTovdeboda da cota xanSi
Cvenc aRmovCndebodiT kiolnis
taZris, romis kolizeumis, gaudis
saxlebis sivrceSi.
Cven... ver mogarTviT batono.
evrokavSiri ki ara, ager nato-s
`mosawvevic~ ar gvaRirses. magram
kargi dRe ar daudga arc saerTo
evropul saxls, romlis mSeneblobis
utopia qSiStof kiSlovskim
jer kidev 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi
gamoxata `veronikas ormag cxovrebaSi~;
sazRvari yovelTvis iqnebao,
_ amtkicebda kiSlovski.radgan am
planetas `bednierebis maragi~ SezRuduli
aqvs, viRacam aucileblad
viRacis xarjze unda icxovros da
aucileblad unda iyos kedliT, sazRvriT
gamoyofilio.
sazRvris gauqmebasTan erTad
usaSvelod daemsgavsnen erTmaneTs
franguli, germanuli, espanuri,
italiuri qalaqebi; daiwyo
`tiraJireba~ fexiT mosiaruleTa
ubnebis, TavianTi `zaraTi~ da `H
& M~-iT. erTnairi fuli, erTnairi
maRaziebi da inglisuri ena, romelic
arcTu ise iSviaTad adgi-
kavkasiuri carcis sazRvari
SoTa gagarini
erTi ZvelisZveli franguli filmi
gamaxsenda axla _ „kanoni kanonia~
(La Loi C’est la Loi). fernandeli da
toto TamaSoben. Zalian magari filmia.
siuJeti viTardeba italiurfrangul
sazRvarze aRmocenebul
patara qalaqSi. erTi inspeqtoria,
romelic Tavisi yofili colis
qmars da bavSvobis megobars dasdevs.
is-isaa unda Caavlos, rom saSinel
70 cxeli Sokoladi
ambavs igebs _ Turme igi, safrange-
Tis ki ara, italiis mxares dabadebula
da maSasadame safrangeTis iurisdiqciis
qveS myof `borotmoqmeds~
ver daakavebs; metic, saswrafod
unda miatovos ojaxi, saxli, kari da
dabrundes ukan, samSobloSi... quCis
gadaRma. sabralo iwyebs CaliCs, rom
rogorme daibrunos safrangeTis
moqalaqeoba, raRac maqinaciur sqe-
lobriv enaze ufro xSirad ismis,
sazRvrebis gauqmebis tendenciis
gagrZelebaa.
sazRvris gadakveTa iq, sadac
odesRac sasazRvro punqti moqmedebda,
aRaranair rituals ar
warmoadgens. yavasac ukve erTnairi
gemo aqvs germaniasa da safrangeTSi.
ras niSnavs es? sazRvrebi vinatroT?
ratomac ara. Tuki Tavisuflad
gagvatareben, aqeT-iqiT
moZraobis, frenis uflebas mogvcemen,
ratomac ar unda vinatroT
mravalferovani planeta,
romlis Svilebi sxvadasxva enaze
ilaparakeben, sxvadasxva fuli eqnebaT,
sxvadasxvanairi maRaziebi,
magram erTmaneTTan urTierTobas
ar gawyveten. icxovreben ase _
mravalferovan erTianobaSi
ratom ar SeiZleba?
anda, rom vicodeT, rom mTavari
sazRvris, sikvdil-sicocxlis
sazRvris gadakveTis SemTxvevaSi,
isev SegveZleba ukan dabruneba,
xom aRar SegveSindeba xifaTis?
gadavalT da davbrundebiT _ araa
problema!
magram, vai, rom ar viciT, gamogvatareben
Tu ara ukan, planetaze,
romelic, miuxedavad imisa, rom
`bednierebis maragi~ SezRuduli
aqvs, mainc Zalian sayvarelia.
masac SeimuSavebs, magram kacs bedi
rom ar geqneba... saboloo jamSi igi
italiis moqalaqeobasac kargavs da
rCeba samSoblos gareSe. mTeli cxovreba
sazRvarze unda gaataros.
faqtobriv da fiqtiur saxelmwifoebs
Soris sazRvrebma garkveuli
aqtualoba CemTvis mas Semdeg Sei-
Zina, rac ulamazes soxumel gogonasTan
SevuRldi. gamogitydebiT,
manamde es sazRvrebi CemSi raRac
bundovan, yavlgasul, baneridan
„gvaxsovdes afxazeTis~ tipis mowodebisgan
gamowveul grZnobas aRvivebda.
ai, warsulebis sadRegrZeloSi
viRac SenTvis sruliad ucxo
tips rom moixsenieb, maspinZlis xa-
TriT. axla ki raRacnairad, TiTqos
ufro naRdi, ufro pragmatuli datvirTva
miiRo; miT umetes _ bolo
dros, rodesac qarTul-afxazuri
da qarTul-osuri sazRvari, qar-
Tul-rusuli sazRvris konteqstSi
ganixileba.
oh es sazRvrebi... aravin davobs,
sazRvari imisTvisaa, rom daicva. magram
konkretulad rogor unda daicva?
xom arsebobs dacvis sxvadasxva
taqtika.
zogi imasac ambobs, _ saukeTeso
Tavdacva Tavdasxmaao.
ise mainc netav rame azri aqvs sazRvrebis
da barikadebis arsebobas
erTmaneTis msgavsebs Soris? maT Soris,
vinc erTnairad fiqroben, erTi
da igiveze ocneboben, erTnairad
uyvarT deda, coli, samSoblo. Tumca
vin icis. me isic minaxavs, Zmebi
erTmaneTs rogor aginebdnen, _ Seni
wili dedaco. arada, deda saerToa.
deda aSkarad saerToa.
ho, deda saerToa, roca aqac iseve
iqcevian, rogorc „iq~, roca geub-
nebian, rom patriotisTvis „lideri
yovelTvis marTalia~, roca „mTavaria,
iseTi magari tipi iyo, rom masebis
marTva SegeZlos~.
Tqveni ar vici, magram me marTla
meSinia, roca sazRvrebis dacvis
aucileblobis argumentiT amar-
Tleben totalitarul tendenciebs.
marTla geubnebiT, aqamde ubralod
vyoymanobdi Svilis ambavze, am garemosTvis
ver vimetebdi, axla ukve
lamisaa, saerTod vazeqtomiis gake-
Tebaze vifiqro.
ara, gasagebia, rom kargia, Tu bavSvma
icis forsmaJorul garemoebebSi
rogor moiqces, icodes pirveladi
daxmarebis gaweva da a.S. magram maSin
relevanturi terminebiT isaubron.
ra SuaSia „samxedro-patriotuli
aRzrda?~ ra saWiroa skolebSi es samxedro
angaJireba, mkerdze mjiRis
cema, qarTuli sulis aRmatebulebis
da rusebis dedis ginebis mecnieruli
legitimacia, magas ver vxvdebi.
ra, vinmes eWvi epareba, rom ase ar
moxdeba?
gaxsovT, „patriotebis banakebis~
keTebisasac aSkarad raRac „boiskautebis~
pontSi gvindoda gamosuliyo.
is gansxvavebaa, rom boiskautebSi
manqurTul morCilebas, `jos, jos~
da populizms ki ara, individualur
iniciativas da jgufur muSa-
specproeqti
obas aswavlian. da qeTevanis ZuZus
kertebis Sesaxeb uniWo sazepiroebis
nacvlad _ `mezRvauris kvanZis~
Sekvras, romelic (albaT) ufro gamoadgebaT
patriotebs cxovrebaSic
da fors-maJorul situaciaSic.
an Tu es yvelaferi saxelmwifos
gasamyareblad keTdeba _ Tuki arsebul
saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi
ar gamodis bavSvis damoukidebeli
azrovnebis unaris aRzrda, am sistemaSi
axali azris CamxSobi manqanebis
instalaciiT miviRebT adamians, vinc
unda gaamyaros Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi
safuZvlebi? me ramdenadac
vici, Tanamedrove, Zlieri saxelmwifos
safuZveli samoqalaqo sazogadoebaa,
xolo sazogadoeba aris individebis
erToba da ara samxedro
SenaerTi. isic zustad vici, rom aSS
aSS-d lari flintebma aqcies da ara
patriotTa banakebma.
Tumca, Tu rusebisamebr mesame
roms da meoTxe reixs vaSenebT, maSin
ratomac ara. iyos zizRis gakveTilebic,
hitleris citatebic saxelmwifo
arxze, gamoviWiroT da gamovirwyaT
organizmidan TiToeuli
„wveTi araqarTuli sisxli~, Tavis
qalac gavzomoT fargliT, gamoviTvaloT
sabrZolo sulis kuTri
wona da yvelaze mZimeebianebs davajaxoT
yvelaze msxvilgaviani gogo-
cxeli Sokoladi 71
specproeqti
nebi, lekvebiviT rom dayaron bavSvebi
specializebul saxlebSi, raTa
Zlieri Taoba aRvzardoT sazRvrebis
dasacavad da ara viRac gaCxikinebuli
inwiligentebi. 100%-ian garantias
gaZlevT, rom am SemTxvevaSi
marTla gavZlierdebiT, magram ra
unda daicvan am Zlierma jariskacebma?
risTvis unda gaswiron is Tavi,
romlisTvisac saazrovno funqciis
CamorTmevaze zrunvaSi Zalian bev
fuls davxarjavT?
axla sad aris is opozicia, „demokratiis~
da „pluralizmis~ skandirebiT
yurebi rom gamomiWedes?
Tumca, etyoba, imaTac romi undaT.
ise, marTla rom avarCioT erTi kai
ulayi da SeviyvanoT parlamentSi,
albaT bevrze cudad ar gaarTmevs
saqmes Tavs.
vici, viRacebi metyviT, _ ai Cven,
Cveni sisxlis fasad sazRvrebis gauval
kedlebad qcevas vcdilobT, Sen
modixar da am kedels Signidan gvingrev.
Cven da rusebs Soris sazRvars
angrev, Sli. arada, sazRvars, namdvil
sazRvars qarTvelebsa da rusebs
Soris, swored Tqven SliT batonebo,
roca cdilobT iqaur gopnikebs, sapirwoned,
aqauri qudze-gopnikebis
mTeli Taobebi daaxvedroT. mTavari
xom mentaluri sazRvaria, Torem
qvis kedlebma auRebeli troac ver
daicva, miuxedavad imisa, rom mis
dasacavad „ganurCevlad sqesisa~,
mxardamxar iRwvodnen heqtorisnairi
devgmirebi da Zlevamosili amazoneli
qalebi, romlebisac Tavad
herakles eSinoda Tavis droze. gana
gemduriT. vici, siyvaruliT mog-
sazRvris nacia
daviT makariZe
`me TiTqmis mivaRwie Cveni samyaros kides, da vnaxe sagnebi
iseTi, rogorebic arian isini sinamdvileSi. sruliad gansxvavebuli
imisgan, rogorsac maT CvenTvis akeTeben. CvenTvis
sasargeblod~...
filip diki, `Time Out of Joint~
`dro umniSvneloa, mxolod sicocxles aqvs mniSvneloba~.
liuk besoni, `mexuTe elementi~
`odesRac Cven zRvis organizmebi viyaviT da wyalqveS vcxovrobdiT.
akvariumis tyveobaSi moqceulni, vcdilobdiT,
zRvis zedapiris miRma gagvexeda da gangvecada, Tu ramdenad
didi iyo samyaro, romelic zeviT gvelodeboda~.
timoTi liri, `RmerTis Svidi ena~
bavSvobaSi mainteresebda, Tu
ras ganicdida qristefore kolumbi,
rodesac fexi san salvadoris
miwaze dadga. mainteresebda
ori saukunis Semdeg ras
ganicdidnen pirveli kolonistebi,
rodesac veluri dasavleTis
dapyroba daiwyes. Cem warmosa-
72 cxeli Sokoladi
xvaSi cocxldeboda aTasobiT kilometrze
_ texasidan CrdiloeT
dakotamde gadaWimuli frontiris
istoria, romelic nel-nela
dasavleTisken miiwevda, ukan ki
aTvisebul da umankoebadakargul
miwas tovebda. maTi gza sisxliT
da ofliT iyo gaJRenTili da
diT. magram mgoni, es iseTi siyvarulia,
rogoriTac „Tavisi wili~ deda
uyvarT xolme. Zalian Tu davagvianebT
amis gacnobierebas, Cvenc im
filmis mTavar gmirs davemsgavsebiT,
sazRvarze rom mouwia dasaxleba. ra
erqva aRar maxsovs. gafrangebulma
da bednierad mcxovrebma uceb rom
aRmoaCina, rom arasasurveli qveynis
nawili yofila, Seecada iqidan Tavis
daRwevas, daaRwia kidec, magram
safrangeTma kari Cauketa da darCa
ganwiruli erT viwro zolze win da
ukan uazrod sasiarulod.
rasakvirvelia, Caketaven kars. aba,
romeli dasavluri struqtura Seifarebs
banZ qveyanas, romelic, suverenitetis
mizniT, adolf hitlers
citirebs.
burusiT mocul horizontisken
miiswrafvoda. kolonistebis Ti-
Toeuli nabiji qaosis samefos-
Tvis gamoglejili miwis kidev
erT naglejs Cuqnida civilizacias,
magram male, iseve rogorc
yvelaferi maT mier ukve mravaljer
gancdili, Tavis idumal xi-
ls kargavda da banalur yoveldRiurobad
iqceoda. xifaTs da
Tavgadasavlebs mowyurebulni ki
kvlav aiyrebodnen da axal avantiuristebTan
erTad win, samyaros
kidisken miemarTebodnen.
miuxedavad Crdiloamerikeli
aborigenebis maRalganviTarebuli
sulieri kulturisa, teritoriebi,
romlebic TeTrkaniani
mosaxleobis kontrols ar
eqvemdebareboda, moklebuli iyo
evropuli civilizaciisTvis damaxasiaTebel
infrastruqturas da
wesrigs. frontiri iyo sazRvari
wesrigsa da qaoss Soris. adgili,
sadac erTmaneTs veluri samyaro
da civilizacia xvdeboda. sadac
mxolod Seupovar da energiiT
aRsavse pionerebs ZaluZdaT cxovreba.
kolonizacias da frontirs albaT
arc erTi qveynis istoriaSi
ar Seusrulebia iseTi roli, rac
_ amerikis istoriaSi. amerikelma
xalxma Tavisi TviTidentifikacia
frontirs daukavSira. magram,
garda amisa, frontiri is droebi-
Ti avtonomiuri zona iyo, sadac
civilizebul adamians SeeZlo
Tavisuflad amoesunTqa da mcire
Tavdasxmebi ganexorcielebina
velur samyaroze. samyaroze, romelic
Tavisi spontanuri bunebis
gamo, mas im axal gancdebs Cuqnida,
romlebic mowyenil beber
evropaSi ganuxorcielebeli oc-
neba iyo. swored am gancdebis molodinma,
avantiuristulma sulma
aiZula maTi umravlesoba, mietovebinaT
Cveuli wynari da nacrisferi
cxovreba, cxovreba, sadac
TiToeul maTgans zustad SeeZlo
ganesazRvra, Tu ra eloda win,
da gadaecura okeane uzarmazar
daundobel zvirTebs mindobili
xomaldebiT. Serkineboda miwas,
romelsac manam ar enaxa miwaTmoqmedi
adamianis xeli, sacalfexo
bilikebis nacvlad, gzebi gaekvala
da pirispir damdgariyo im realobis
winaSe, sadac aravin uwyoda,
ra urCxuli daesxmeboda Tavs
udabur tyeebSi Tu xeobebSi, sadac
mxolod gangebis da sakuTari
moxerxebulobis imedi SeeZlo
hqonoda.
me-20 saukune imiT gaxda aRsaniSnavi,
rom adamianma bolo Te-
Tri laqa gaaqro planetis rukidan.
amieridan aRar arsebobda
teritoria, romelic aravis ar
ekuTvnoda, miwis nagleji, sadac
civilizebul adamians fexi
ar daedga. gaqra frontiri, romelic
qaosisa da wesrigis ara
marto gamyofi, aramed damakav-
Sirebeli xidi, erTgvari neitraluri
teritoria iyo. albaT maT,
vinc gadalaxa epoqis es rubikoni,
daaxloebiT igive gancda unda
hqonodaT, rogoric me, rodesac
mivxvdi, rom bavSvuri ocnebebi
samyaros garSemo mogzaurobaze
specproeqti
ukacrieli da SeubRalavi kunZulebis
aRmosaCenad ganuxorcielebeli
iyo. es swored is uZlurobis
da usamarTlobis gancda iyo,
romelzec hakim bei werda: `nuTu
Cven ganwirulni varT, verasdros
gamovcadoT avtonomia; arasdros,
Tundac erTi wamiTac ar davdgaT
fexi miwas, romelsac mxolod Tavisufleba
marTavs? nuTu mxolod
warsulis nostalgia da momavalze
ocneba dagvrCa?~
albaT swored am gancdam ai-
Zula ciolkovski, kosmosSi mogzaurobaze
eocneba, pirveli astronavtebi
ki uaxloes kosmosur
sivrceSi gaWriliyvnen da sxva
ciuri sxeulebis kolonizaciaze
daewyoT fiqri.
Tumca adamianis gonma sul sxvagan
aRmoaCina Terra incognita; iq,
sadac adre mxolod filosofosebi
da mistikosebi grZnobdnen
Tavs laRad. globaluri sainformacio
qseli axal velur dasavle-
Tad, axal frontirad gadaiqca
maTTvis, visTvisac siaxlis gancda
pirveladi instinqtia.
ufro Rrma warsulSi Tu CavixedavT,
aRmovaCenT, rom globaluri
qseli, rogorc TviTganviTarebadi
sainformacio struqtura,
maSin Caisaxa, rodesac pirvelyofilma
adamianebma informaciis
gacvla did manZilebze daiwyes.
pirveli sasignalo koconebi Tu
dolebis ena internetis uZvelesi
cxeli Sokoladi 73
specproeqti
winaparia. Tumca maSindeli sainformacio
teqnologiebi, informaciis
Senaxvis da gadacemis mwiri
resursebis gamo, ufro instrumentuli
saSualeba iyo, vidre
Ding an sich 1 .
magram Tu kacobriobis mTel
istorias am paradigmaSi ganvixilavT,
is warmogvidgeba rogorc
sainformacio sivrcis mSenebloba,
romelic ara marto garkveuli
informaciis dagrovebas, aramed
misi analizis da urTierTkavSirebis
SeqmniT informaciisagan
informaciis warmoebas da TviTganviTarebas
niSnavs. saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi es kacobriobis mTavari
saqmianoba iyo sakuTari Tavis
gadarCenasTan erTad.
nel-nela viTardeboda rogorc
informaciis Senaxvis, aseve misi
gadacemis da damuSavebis teqnologiebi.
moxetiale mTxrobelebi
wignebma Secvala. gutenbergis
revoluciam saSualeba gaaCina am
codnis raodenoba da gavrcelebis
areali xarisxobrivad gazrdiliyo.
nel-nela erTeuli pirovnebebis
aRqmaSi yovelive es formas
iZenda da saxifaTo magram momxibvleli
moCvenebis saxiT evlineboda
maT. moCvenebis, romlis sacecebi
planetas iyo SemoWdobili da
adamianebis warmosaxviT sazrdoobda.
teqnologiurma revoluciam
ki, romelic eleqtroenergiis gamoyenebiT
telegrafiT informaciis
gadacemiT daiwyo da bolos
globalur cifrul sainformacio
qselamde migviyvana, am moCvenebas
fizikuri sxeuli SesZina.
dRes am qselis saSualebiT Ti-
Tqmis realur droSi SegviZlia
miviRoT informacia planetis nebismieri
kuTxidan. am qselSi Tavmoyrili
codna TiTqmis utoldeba
kacobriobis xelT arsebuls.
TiToeuli CvenganisTvis xelmisawvdomia
informaciis damuSavebis
saSualebebi. dRes Cven SegviZlia
movipovoT imaze gacilebiT meti
codna, vidre kacobriobas Seuqmnia
saukuneebis manZilze. magram
74 cxeli Sokoladi
yvelaze mTavari albaT isaa, rom
am qselma dagvanaxa sainformacio
sivrcis ganviTarebis TiTqmis
usazRvro perspeqtiva da amiT
daabruna bavSvobisdroindeli
rwmena, rom win kidev bevri gvaqvs
Sesacnobi da gansacdeli.
dRes axali frontiri am samyaroSi
gadis da mowesrigebul represiul
institutebs damorCilebul
informacias da mwyobrSi
Camdgar tranzaqciebs im potenciur
SesaZleblobebisagan mijnavs,
romlis aRmoCenac sainformacio
qaosSi win gvelodeba.
informaciis digitalizaciam
gamoaRviZa miviwyebuli survili,
gauziaro sakuTari simdidre
sxvas. sagnobriv samyaroSi
gaziareba yovelTvis danakargs
gulisxmobda. cifruli informacia
ki ise SeiZleba aCuqo sxvas,
rom araferi dakargo unikaluri
informaciis flobis upiratesobis
garda. amitomacaa, rom sainformacio
produqciis mwarmoebeli
kompaniebi dRemde uSedegod
ebrZvian informaciul mekobreobas.
dRes xom TiToeuli Cvengani
SeiZleba gaxdes mxiaruli rojeris
droSis qveS mebrZoli, Tu
Seecdeba eWvis qveS daayenos vinmes
gansakuTrebuli ufleba, gaavrcelos
esa Tu is informacia.
dRes Zalian martivia Sen megobars
socialuri Tu P2P 2 qselidan
sayvareli simRera, axali filmi
Tu Seni samagido wigni gauziaro,
da Tan ise, rom Sen amiT araferi
dagakldes.
dRes ukve saeWvoa, ra ufro
mniSvnelovania, flobde sxvebisagan
dafarul codnas, Tu guluxvis
socialuri statusi gqondes;
an ufro metic, ar flobde arafers
da iyo Tavisufali, radgan
is, rasac sxvas uziareb, aRar sa-
Wiroebs masze mijaWvas da gan-
Tavisuflebs sakuTari Tavisgan.
Tumca es midgoma ufro misticizmTanaa
dakavSirebuli da exmianeba
gnostikur ideebs, romlebic
Zalian popularulia qselur
sazogadoebebSi. sagulisxmoa, rom
gnosticizmis da teqnologiebis
sinTezma axali literaturuli
mimdinareoba Seqmna _ kiberpanki,
romlis mimdevari avtorebis winaswarmetyvelebebma
globaluri
qselis dRevandeli formiT Camoyalibebas
Seuwyo xeli.
vebgverdebis bumidan didi dro
ar gasula, rodesac TiToeuli
korporacia, Tu kerZo piri internetSi
personalur gverdebs
qmnida, Tanamdrove Web 2.0 3 teqnologiam
ki blogosferos saxiT
axal sainformacio qaoss daudo
saTave. sul raRac aTiode
wlis win Cemi pirveli vebgverdi
swored ase, primitiul HTML redaqtorSi
Sevqmeni da am teqnologiis
mouqnelobis gamo kibersivrcis
talRebSi mivatove. dRes
ki yvelaze mouxerxebelma momxmarebelmac
ki icis, rogor Seqmnas
sakuTari vebdRiuri, sadac
sakuTari TeTreulis istoriidan
dawyebuli `atomuri ganTiadebis~
mowyobis teqnologiebiT damTavrebuli
yvelafris Sesaxeb Seu-
Zlia isaubros da Tan ise, rom
praqtikulad veravin SezRudos
Tavisufali TviTgamoxatvisadmi
misi miswrafeba. an Seqmna saidumlo
konspiraciuli sazogadoeba,
romelic, doqtor benveis msgavsad,
fizikuri realobis winaaRmdeg
amboxSi miiRebs monawileobas.
magaliTad iseTi, rogorebic
iyvnen Хакеры Сновидения, romlebic
fizikuri realobis matricis
gatexvis uZveles ocnebas eswrafvodnen;
an mixeil radugas mimdevrebi,
romlebic globaluri
qselis teqnologiebis da magiuri
codnis sinTezis gamoyenebiT axali
matricis Seqmnas apireben.
Tumca arseboben iseTi jgufebic,
rogoric iyo, magaliTad,
Heaven’s Gate, romlis wevrebi mas
Semdeg gaxdnen cnobili, rac 1997
wels koleqtiuri suicidi moawyves
im imediT, rom sicocxles
heil-bopis kometaze gaagrZelebdnen,
romelmac dedamiwas Cau
qrola. Tumca es SemTxvevac imas
aCvenebs, rom globaluri qseli
SeiZleba TiToeuli pirovnebis
interesebs emsaxurebodes, ramdenad
miuRebelic unda iyos es
interesebi sazogadoebis sxva wevrebisTvis.
dRes ukve interneti eWvis qveS
ayenebs teritoriuli sazRvrebis
unars, Seakavos dedamiwis sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi mcxovrebi adamianebis
uSualo urTierToba; da
amiT ufro aRvivebs adamianebis
survils, cxovrobdnen Ria da gamWvirvale
politikur sistemaSi.
gutenbergis revoluciam elituri
politikuri sistema imiT daangria,
rom gaauqma erTeulebis
monopolia codnaze. internet
revolucia daangrevs totalitarizms
imiT, rom saSualebas miscems
TiToeul Cvengans, ipovos
Tanamoazre msoflios nebismier
wertilSi. internet revolucia
daubrunebs sazRvars Tavis mistikur
bunebas, erTdroulad iyos
gamyofi da damakavSirebeli banalurobasa
da siaxles, wesrigsa da
qaoss, sikvdilsa da sicocxles
Soris. radgan sicocxle mudmiv
ganaxlebas, moZraobas da spontanurobas
niSnavs; da sad unda vipovoT
sicocxlis energia Tu ara
sazRvrebis miRma?
dRevandeli socialuri qselebis
momxmareblebi ukve virtualur
sazogadoebebs qmnian ara
marto imisTvis, rom erTmaneTs
sakuTari Sinauri cxovelebis ancobaze
esaubron, aramed imis-
Tvis, rom realuri Zalisxmeva moaxmaron
kibersivrcis gareT maTi
garemomcveli samyaros Secvlas.
iqneba es mcire socialur-politikuri
gaerTianebebi Tu `mebr-
ZolTa klubis~ msgavsi kulturu-
li Jamming-is jgufebi.
es cxovrebaa samarTeblis pirze,
saxifaTo da momajadoebeli.
cxovrebis wamebi, romlis intensivoba
Rirs imad, rom dagaviwydes
mSvidi da uzrunveli sibere
da gadaeSva kibersivrcis fsiqodelur
mogzaurobaSi. mogzaurobaSi,
romelic erTdroulad
momxibvlelicaa da saxifaToc;
brwyinvale da idumalebiT moculic.
magaliTad iseTi, rogoric
e.w. Darknet-ia, qselis `bneli~ mxare.
is bevrisTvis SeiZleba ucnobi
iyos. magram am jurRmulebSi mravali
axali idea ibadeba. idea, Tu
rogor dauZvre saxelmwifo Tu
sxva sazogadoebriv represiul
aparatebs da Seiqmna sakuTari,
Tundac droebiTi, avtonomiuri
zona.
dRes qselis saSualebiT Sei-
Zleba axali xelovnebis Seqmna,
romelic Tavis srulyofas mxolod
qselSi Tu miaRwevda. iqneba
es xelovnuri inteleqtis Seqmnis
mcdeloba, romelic axali literaturis
nimuSebis generacias
daiwyebs, boti 4 , romelic internetSi
performansebs moawyobs,
Tu konveis Game of Life-is 5 TviTganviTarebadi
virtualuri ujreduli
koloniis cocxali suraTi.
qselSi xSirad vpoulob xolme
im iSviaT nivTebs, romlebsac
internetis gareSe Znelad Tu mivagnebdi.
brainpaint.com-ze swored
amgvar mowyobilobebs da programul
uzrunvelyofas gadavawydi.
teqnologiurma garRvevam
stimuli misca axali interfeisebis
SemuSavebas, romelic saSualebas
gvaZlevs, ufro mWidro
da uSualo urTierToba gvqondes
kibersamyarosTan. neironuli
ukukavSiris garnitura saSulebas
specproeqti
gvaZlevs, kompiuteri mxolod gonebis
daZabviT vmarToT da misi
meSveobiT SevqmnaT siurrealisturi
ferweruli namuSevrebi an
sivrceSi sxvadasxva sagnebi gadavaadgiloT,
maT Soris _ magali-
Tad, unarSezRuduli adamianis
savarZeli.
portatuli gajetebi, mobiluri
interneti kidev erTi nabijia
qselSi Cveni CarTulobis gasazrdelad.
Semdegi nabiji implantantebi
da nanoteqnologiaa,
romlebic saSualebas mogvcems,
informacia uSualod gavcvaloT
sxva realur Tu virtualur arsebebTan,
an Tundac im xelovnur
gonTan, romelsac aseTi interesiT
da SiSiT elodeba kacobrioba.
momavlis teqnologiebis en-
Tuziastebi, magaliTad iseTebi,
rogoric tim liri iyo, sruliad
fantastikur proeqtebs gvTavazoben;
iqneba es cnobierebis
mdgomareobis Secvla qselTan
simbiozis gansaxorcieleblad Tu
sakuTari gonis internetSi gadatana
sikvdilis Semdeg.
am eleqtronuli frontiris
wina xazze amoucnobis pionerebi
arian, teqnologia maTTvis, iseve,
rogorc oqro pirveli amerikeli
oqrosmaZieblebisTvis, mxolod
sababia sakuTari moxetiale
daudgromeli da interesiani bunebis
realizaciisaTvis.
es swored is sazRvaria, romelic
Cveul samyaros ucnob, faTerakebiT
aRsavse sainformacio qaosidan
gamoyofs. sazRvari, sadac
cxovreba yovelTvis sainteresoa,
radgan aqedan nebismier wams SemiZlia
gadavdga nabiji amoucnobisken
da mqondes imedi, rom
samyaro Tavis momxibvlelobas
arasdros dakargavs.
1
sagani Tavis TavSi
2
piringuli qseli (Peer-to-peer), qseli romlis saSualebiTac misi monawileebi uSualod ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs da romelic gulisxmobs monawileebis
Tanasworobas. aseT qselebSi ar aris gamoyofili serverebi da TiToeuli monawile erTdroulad aris rogorc klienti aseve serveri. magali-
Tad BitTorrent, Soulseek da eDonkey.
3
Web 2.0 gulisxmobs qselSi kontentis Sevsebas misi momxmareblebis meSveobiT. amis magaliTia blogebi, socialuri qselebi da Wiki.
4
kompiuteruli programa, romelic damoukideblad muSaobs qselSi.
5
ujreduli avtomati, romelic sivrceSi cocxali organizmebis koloniis simulacias axdens.
cxeli Sokoladi 75
dokumenturi proza
sxvebis qveyana
avtori: sandro naveriani
pirveli, rac avRaneTSi Cemi damoukidebeli
cxovrebis dros gavakeTe,
is iyo, ro wavedi fostaSi
da Cemi colis Txovnis Sesrulebas
mivyavi xeli. ori sityviT davwere
werili, ro Cavedi, kargad var,
RmerTo Cemo, aseTi silamaze arsad
minaxavs da msgavsi sawerilo Sinaarsis
winadadebebi. Cavde konvertSi,
davartyi marka da didi siamayiT gavuSvire
fostis qals, romelmac 60
centis ekvivalenti CamiCoTqa avRanur
avRanebSi (afghan), gamiRima da
erTmaneTs mzeriT davemSvidobeT.
Cemi coli romantikosia (mec viyavi
erT dros) da konvertiT miRebuli
werili xo warmogidgeniaT,
ras niSnavs misTvis?! darwmunebuli
viyavi, werils sanTlis Suqze waiki-
Txavda, an wvimian aminds daelodeboda.
ramdenime dReSi msgavsi procedura
kvlav gavimeore. maSin ukve Suqrias
vicnobdi da misi rCeviT mxolod
Ria baraTi SeviZine qabulis
xediT da zedve davwere sayvareli
adamianisTvis Soreuli qveynidan sa-
Tqmeli sityvebi. Ria baraTs markac
mivakari, 1966 wels gamoSvebuli,
romelic jer kidev ZalaSia. Suqriam
76 cxeli Sokoladi
Ria baraTis gagzavna imitom mirCia,
rom daluqul konvertebs saguldagulod
amowmeben sabaJoze da ufro
didxans andomebs adresatamde misvlaso.
avRaneTSi yofnis dros Tanamedrove,
dasavlur cxovrebas mowyurebul
axalgazrda avRanel gogoeb-
Si didi popularobiT sargeblobda
indoeTSi warmoebuli mwvaneZiriani
Savi fexsacmeli. qabulis mdidrul
ubnebSi, sadac Raribebic mravlad
daiarebodnen, aTidan or gogos
mainc ecva aseTi fexsacmeli. erTi
SexedviT amaSi araferi gasakviri
ar aris, miT ufro CvenTvis _ Tavisuflad
SeiZleba saqarTvelos
bolo oci wlis istoria `jeqsonebis~,
`piramidebis~, Savi `levisebis~
da `reibanebis~, `kabaSarvlebis~ da
rezinis botebis (`valinka~) epoqebad
davyoT. amitomac CavTvale,
rom avRaneTSi, kerZod ki qabulSi,
induri warmoebis mwvaneZiriani Savi
fexsacmlis epoqaa da verc verafers
gavigebdi, rom ara sastumros
damlagebeli axalgazrda gogo Suqria.
Suqria tipiuri avRanelia,
gaWirvebuli da fulis saSovnelad
yvelaferze wamsvleli. vgulisxmob
iseT saqmes, rac, magaliTad, saqar-
TveloSi bevrs eTakileba _ cocxs
xom ar aviReb xelSi da rame. ori
kviris ganmavlobaSi SuqriasTan sakmaod
Tbili urTierToba Camomiyalibda,
Tu rame kiTxva miCndeboda,
mas vekiTxebodi da isic dauzarlad
mpasuxobda. aRmoCnda, rom Zalian
kargad icis Tavisi qveynis istoria,
kargad icnobs avRanel xalxs
da avRaneTis geografiasac. Zalian
iSviaTia, rom avRaneli avRaneTis
yvela provinciaSi iyos namyofi,
Suqria ki araTu namyofi, TiTqmis
yvelgan namuSevaric aris. erT
dilas sastumros nomerSi axali
gaRviZebuli eleqtronul fostas
vamowmebdi. karze kakuni gaisma. gavaRe.
Cem win Suqria idga. im dRes
misi morigeoba ar iyo da amitomac
SeTanxmebulebi viyaviT, 12 saaTis-
Tvis bamianis provinciaSi unda wavsuliyaviT.
Suqrias gidoba unda
gaewia, me ki gadavuxdidi. jer aTic
ar iyo da vuTxari, _ cota adrea,
raRac saqmeebi maqvs-meTqi. rusulad
vsaubrobdiT. brwyinvaled laparakobda
rusul enaze. vici, ubralod
raRac unda gaCvenoo. oTaxSi
Semovida. xelSi patara CanTa eWira,
Cayo xeli da wiTeli maisuri amoi-
Ro, gaSala, da tanze miido, TiTqos
izomavso. maisurs warwera hqonda
FUCK ME TENDER. ra Tqma unda, zustad
im azrebma gamielves TavSi, ramac
Tqven am wuTas, magram rogorc
ki amas Suqriac mixvda, saswrafod
amixsna, Tu ratom maCvena es maisuri.
da maSin naTeli gaxda, Tu ratom
aris axalgazrda avRanel gogonebSi
aseTi popularuli induri warmoebis
mwvaneZiriani Savi fexsacmeli.
mTeli datvirTva mwvane ZirSia.
mwvane Ziri aris paroli, kodi, karis
gasaRebi. Tu gogos unda seqsi,
ubralod seqsi vinmesTan, ucnob-
Tan, is icvams mwvaneZirian Sav fexsacmels
da gadis quCaSi. dadis iseT
adgilebSi, sadac xalxmravlobaa,
sadac mravlad arian axalgazrda
biWebi, romlebmac, aseve, daaxloebiT
aTidan orma icis, rom mwvane
Ziri aris paroli, gasaRebi misi
seqsualuri cxovrebis gasamdidreblad.
rodesac biWi da gogo erTmaneTs
SeamCneven, nel-nela eclebian
xalxis masas, gogo midis, biWi ki
ukan mihyveba, erTi 30 metris moSorebiT.
mere ki, darwmunebuli var,
giJuri seqsi aqvT, Tavisi fantaziebis
gaRviZebiT da rTuli triukebis
SesrulebiT. maxsovs, sami-oTxi
wlis win miSa anTaZem momiyva msgavsi
ambavi, oRond ar maxsovs avRaneTze
iyo Tu iranze. ro Camovedi
da es ambavi movyevi, salome kikaleiSvilma
miTxra, _ egeTi rame sadRac
kinoSi maqvs nanaxio; kinoSi ki
ara, Cemi TvaliT vnaxe-meTqi.
seqs-kodi xSir-xSirad icvleba. es
SeiZleba iyos yviTeli mzis saTvale
an wiTeli xelCanTa cisferi koplebiT.
mTavaria iyos qalis aqsesuari
an samosi da iyos gaTvaliswinebuli
avRanuri dres-kodi. axali seqs-kodis
SerCeva advilia, rTulia kodis
andergraundul qselSi gavrceleba.
aq Zalian didi sifrTxile marTebT
axalgazrda mondomebul qal-vaJebs
_ maT or frontze ebrZvian _ tradiciuli
avRanelebi da islamuri
policia. oficialurad, islamuri
policiis saqme ar aris, vin visTan
dawveba da rogor pozaSi, magram saqme
isaa, rom islamur policiaSi ZiriTadad
iseTi adamianebi muSaoben,
romlebic avRanuri tradiciebis
da islamuri kanonebis upativcemulobas
aravis patioben. maT ar aqvT
ufleba, daakavon faqtze daWerili
axalgazrdebi da amitomac ukanonod
uswordebian, scemen, zogjer
klaven kidec (SemoakvdebaT) da rac
yvelaze saSinelebaa (sikvdilze metadac
ki), yofila SemTxvevebi, rom
ukanonod dakavebuli axalgazrdebi
radikali TalibebisTvis gadauciaT,
maT ki msxverpli sajarod
dausjiaT stadionze, fexburTis
matCis dawyebamde aTasobiT mayureblis
winaSe.
Talibebi qveynis teritoriis
udides nawils akontroleben, amitomac
maTi gavlena avRanelebze
didia. didia aseve SiSi, rac aisaxeba
adamianebis Tundac Cacmulobaze.
avRaneTis kanonmdebloba iranuliviT
ar avaldebulebs qalebs tradiciuli
samosis _ burkis tarebas,
magram avRaneli qalebis (gansaku-
TrebiT saSualo da ufrosi Taobis)
umetesoba mainc atarebs burkas.
veravin ityvis xelaRebiT, rom am
qalebis didi nawili SiSis gamo atarebs
burkas, maTSi morwmune fundamentalistebic
arian, magram sakmaod
didi nawili swored SiSis gamo
icvams avRanur samoss. avRanel qalebSi
(da kacebSic) gabatonebuli
SiSi ar aris abstraqtuli da utrirebuli
_ maT sakuTari TvaliT
unaxavT, Tu rogor uswordebian
Talibebi dasavluri orientaciis
qalebs, romlebic sakmaod popularulebi
iyvnen avRaneTSi, muSaobdnen
televiziebSi, radioebSi da a.S.
Talibebis muqaris mudmivi obieqtia
TOLO TV, romelic avRaneTSi
yvelaze popularuli telearxia
axalgazrdebs Soris. am arxze xSirad
atrialeben dasavlur kinos da
musikas. amitomac, TOLO TV simamacis
erTgvar sazomad iqca _ Tu qali
xar da TOLO TV-Si muSaob, ese igi
arafris geSinia.
TOLO TV-Si ori wlis win Suqriac
dokumenturi proza
muSaobda. iqac damlageblad. arada,
Zalian undoda rame musikaluri gadacemis
wamyvani yofiliyo, gamxdariyo
popularuli, mere amerikis
an romelime evropuli qveynis viza
advilad aeRo da saswavleblad wasuliyo,
magram avRaneTi amerika ar
aris, didi SesaZleblobebis qveyana,
rom damlagebeli gogo telewamyvani
gaxdeso, _ miTxra Suqriam.
avRaneTi marTlac ar aris didi SesaZleblobebis
qveyana da yvelaze
cudi isaa, rom avRaneTSi yvelaze
cudad avRanelebi grZnoben Tavs.
avRaneTis mosaxleobis didi nawili,
rac unda paradoqsuli iyos, Tu
ar mistiris, sixaruliT ixsenebs im
dros, rodesac sabWoTa jarma moaxdina
qveynis okupacia. avRanelebi
ixseneben, rom im wlebSi bevri sacxovrebeli
korpusi aSenda, egreT
wodebuli kulturis saxlebi, rogorebic
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
regionebSi uxvad aris (am wuTas
abaSis kulturis saxli maxsendeba),
aSenebdnen qarxnebs, fabrikebs,
eleqtrosadgurebs da a.S. erTi sityviT,
avRanelebi iseve daabrmaves
komunistebma `ufaso cxovrebiT~,
rogorc Cven da dResac maT urCevniaT
Tevzis Weris swavlas, pirdapir
Tevzi miscen. Cemi Zvirfasi
Suqriac ki, romelic avRanuri sazogadoebis
fonze namdvili gamonaTebaa,
romelsac sakmaod jansaRi
azrovneba aqvs, da romelsac arc
ki axsovs sabWoTa okupaciis wlebi,
mSoblebisgan gagonil ambebs
da dRevandel realobas erTmaneTs
rom adarebs, daufiqreblad ambobs,
rom is dro urCevnia. ratom akeTeben
am or erTmaneTze uares epoqas
Soris arCevans sabWoTa okupaciis
xanaze, rTuli gasagebia. amisaTvis
saWiroa, icxovro avRaneTSi, oRond
icxovro, rogorc rigiTma avRanelma
da ara rogorc Casulma enjeoSnikma,
an narkobaronma, romlebic
Zalian bevrni arian avRaneTSi.
araoficialuri monacemebiT,
saerTaSoriso organizaciebisgan
avRaneTis ganviTarebisTvis gamoyofili
Tanxis didi nawili ucxoe-
cxeli Sokoladi 77
dokumenturi proza
lebis xelfasebs da maTi ofisebis
keTilmowyobasa da usafrTxoebas
xmardeba. danarCeni Tanxa ki nawildeba
saganmanaTleblo programis
ganviTarebaze, humanitarul daxmarebasa
da narkotikebTan brZolaze.
narkotikebTan brZolaSi Tamamad
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom avRaneTi wagebulia
_ 2002 wlamde, anu vidre
koaliciuri jarebi avRaneTSi Sevidodnen,
avRanuri heroini msoflio
bazris 15 procentsac ki ar Seadgenda,
2008 wlis bolo da 2009 wlis
pirveli dekadis monacemebiT ki,
heroinis msoflio bazris 93 procents
avRanuri heroini warmoadgens.
am 93 procentidan 70 procentis
warmoeba pakistanis sazRvarTan
mdebare regionebSi xdeba da am 70
procentidan 50-is _ gelmandis
provinciaSi. Tavad gansajeT, Tu
raoden didi zrda moxda am eqvsi
wlis ganmavlobaSi da am uzarmazari
nabijebiT ufskrulisken svlas
Tavisi obieqturi mizezebi aqvs.
im dros, rodesac dasavleTidan
avRaneTis miyruebul provinciaSi
Casuli trenerebi adgilobrivebs
dasavlur faseulobebze leqciebs
ukiTxaven, sakuTari uflebebis
dacvas aswavlian da momavlis mowyobaSi
`exmarebian~, avRanelebs
ubralod SiaT da wyuriaT. rodesac
es trenerebi TveSi oTxi treningis
CatarebaSi 5000 dolars
(savaraudod) iReben da avRanelebs
ki, ubralod, isev SiaT da wyuriaT,
da xvdebian, rom am `gakveTilebma~
SeiZleba rame sikeTe marTlac
moutanos maT oRond axla ara; da
xvdebian, rom treningis dasrulebis
Semdeg saxlSi mSieri Svilebi
daxvdebaT, romelTac ukve soioc
ki aRar aqvT, maT erTaderTi gza
rCebaT _ opiumis moyvana, an ki isev
treningebze siaruli da momavlis
da humanitaruli daxmarebis imedi.
aseT mdgomareobaSia avRaneTis mosaxleobis
udidesi nawili. sauke-
Tesod aris aRwerili avRanelebis
cxovreba NGC-is dokumenturi filmebis
seriaSi `heroinis omi~ (heroin
war). filmSi TvalnaTliv Cans, rom
78 cxeli Sokoladi
patiosan avRanelebs, romlebsac ar
undaT opiumis moyvana, moparva, maqinacioba,
perspeqtiva ar aqvT. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, me ase davinaxe da
albaT seriis avtorsac amis Cveneba
undoda. naxeT da darwmundebiT.
amgvari viTarebis gamo, ra gasakviria,
rom Suqriasac da sxva
bevr avRanelsac urCevnia amerikelebma
(da sxvebmac) maT fuli
miscen da ara fulis keTeba aswavlon,
romelic, SesaZloa, aRarc
dasWirdeT. isic sagulisxmoa, rom
mTlad fulis keTebas rodi aswavlian
avRanelebs (arada, maT swored
fuli sWirdebaT). Suqriam erTi
genialuri ambavi miambo: panjSeris
provinciis erT-erT qalaqSi ucxoelma
damkvirveblebma aRmoaCines,
rom qalebSi suicidis mcdeloba
da TviTmkvlelobiT dasrulebuli
sicocxle bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
aRemateboda mTeli gasuli
aTwleulis statistikur monacemebs.
bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi am
qalaqSi daaxloebiT (zustad ar maxsovs)
50-mde TviTmkvleloba dafiqsirda
da ormocdaaTive msxverpli
qali iyo. kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda,
rom suicidis talRis agorebamde
ramdenime TviT adre qalTa
organizacias treningi Cautarebia
Temaze `qalTa uflebebi ojaxSi~.
TavisTavad, trenerebi avRanel qalebs
aswavlidnen da uxsnidnen, rom
qali kacis Tanasworuflebiania da
sakmaod safuZvlianadac aaTvisebines
avRanel qalebs, rom ar unda
moixaron qedi qmris winaSe, ar unda
hqondeT recxvisgan kani damskdari
da msgavsi dasavluri Zvirfaseulobebi.
rogorc Cans, avRaneli
qalebi Zalian kargi moswavleebi
yofilan, imitom rom treningis
dasrulebis Semdeg uamravma avRanelma
qalma uari Tqva imis keTebaze,
rac `tradiciulad~ avRaneli
qalis saqmes warmoadgens. bevr ojaxSi
amas mohyva qmrebis sastiki reaqcia,
zogjer mkvlelobac ki, magram
amavdroulad isic aRmoCnda, rom
avRaneli meojaxe mamakacebis didi
nawili (yovel SemTxvevaSi, am re-
gionSi) damyoli, gamgoni, lmobieri
da gonebanaTelia _ roca moismines
meuRleebisgan, rom aseTi jafa
maTTvis Seuracxmyofelia, ar gauprotestebiaT.
magram sabolood
gairkva, rom gardacvlili qalebi
sworad am nabijma daRupa. wlebis
ganmavlobaSi erTi da imave saqmis
keTebis Semdeg maT gaacnobieres,
rom sxva ramis keTebac SeeZloT, SeeZloT
sakuTari siamovnebisTvisac
ecxovraT, ekeTebinaT is saqme, rac
maT Svebas mohgvrida... daskvnaSi
uamravi faqtoria moyvanili da am
yvela faqtoris gaerTianebiT gamodis,
rom am qalebma Tavi depresiis
niadagze moikles, depresia ki treningma
gamoiwvia.
treninggavlili adamianebi avRaneTSi
bevrni arian. ar gagikvirdeT,
Tu qabulSi, mdinare qabulis
Camyayebul arxSi adamianTa jgufi
dainaxeT, romlebic sruliad autanel
sunSi sxedan (arc vfiqrob, maT
Seuracxyofa mivayeno, ubralod,
iq marTlac saSineli sunia, radgan
mTeli kanalizacia iq Caedineba da,
garda amisa, 400000-ian qalaqSi 4
milioni adamiania ukve, aqedan Ti-
Tqmis 70 procents saxli ar aqvs
da mdinare qabuli tualetad aqvT
qceuli), purs da mwvads miirTmeven
da avRaneTis evro-atlantikur sivrceSi
integraciaze saubroben, an
ganixilaven recesiis gavlenas avRaneTis
agrarul industriaze.
aseTi ambebi kidev ufro amyarebs
da amarTlebs avRanelebis didi
nawilis arCevans, ufro sworad ki
nostalgias sabWoTa okupaciis epoqisadmi.
Suqrias mamas uTqvams Turme
erTi jariskacisTvis, _ rusebi
bombebs gvesrodnen da ise gvklavdnen,
Tqven ki SimSiliT gvklavTo.
saerTod, erTi ram SevniSne iq yofnis
dros, avRanelebi erTi da imave
ambavs orjer erTnairad ar mogiyvebian
_ yovelTvis axal-axali
gaformebebiT gadmogcemen, magram,
rac mTavaria, faqtebs arasodes
amaxinjeben _ Tu sadme ori adamiani
gardaicvala, veravisgan gaigonebT
rom samia daRupuli.
im dros, rodesac dasavleTidan avRaneTis miyruebul provinciaSi Casuli
trenerebi adgilobrivebs dasavlur faseulobebze leqciebs ukiTxaven,
sakuTari uflebebis dacvas aswavlian da momavlis mowyobaSi `exmarebian~,
avRanelebs ubralod SiaT da wyuriaT.
qabulis aeroporti rusebis (sabWoelebis)
aSenebulia, daaxloebiT igive
zomis rogoric Cveni (Tumca, Cveni aeroporti
bevrad ufro komfortuli
da lamazia). aeroports aqvs Tavisi
internet-kafe da restorani, romelic
yvelaze Zviri restorania mTel
avRaneTSi, amitomac iq ar Sevsulvar.
TviTmfrinavSi Casxdoma/Camosxdoma
isev trapis saSualebiT xdeba. aeroporti
or nawilad aris gayofili,
erTi nawili samoqalaqo reisebs emsaxureba,
meore _ samxedros. samxedro
nawilis Tavze gamudmebiT xedav nato-s
vertmfrens, romelic an jdeba
an frindeba. ganuwyvetliv moZraoben
samxedro, bronirebuli jipebi, didi
antenebiT da tyviamfrqvevebiT, rac
saSinlad ganerviulebs _ sul megona,
rom raRac xdeba, rom aeroports
Tavs daesxnen, an kidev uaresi, Talibebma
qabulic aiRes da es brge mokavSireebi
saxlebSi mirbian, me ki axla
davdgi qabulis miwaze fexi. Tumca,
rogorc ki aeroports moSordebi,
trasas daadgebi da yovel 200 metrSi
bilbordebs dainaxav, romelzec karzai
da bavSvebi/moxucebulebi arian
gamosaxulni, mSviddebi, anu SeiZleba
arc mSviddebi, magram is `militaristuli
qaosi~, romelic aeroportSi
naxe, gaviwydeba.
aeroportSi ukraineli enjeoSniki
da treneri elena banasi da misi indoeli
qmari niSok kalpaki damxvdnen.
esec enjeoSniki da Tan magari
qvelmoqmedi, romelic arafers ar
iSurebs avRaneli bavSvebisTvis.
isini oTxi wlis win kievSi gavicani,
ufro sworad elena aq, TbilisSi gavicani
xuTi wlis win da kievSi misi
qmari. sul aseT adgilebSi dadian,
palestinaSic raRac misiiT iyvnen,
eraySic da ra vici, sadac ki mexi gavardeba,
yvelgan Cadian da adgilobrivebs
exmarebian. niSokis winaprebi
mdidrebi arian, indoeTis yvela did
qalaqSi sastumroebis qseli aqvT.
elenam Tqva, _ londonSi da sidnei-
Sic aqvT raRac biznesebio. aRar CavZiebivar,
ra da rogor, mTavari iyo,
ro gavige _ niSoks bevri fuli aqvs,
romelsac cota sxvanairad da sxvebisTvis
xarjavs.
elena da niSoki avRaneTSi, ukve
rva Tvea, cxovroben da cxovroben
TiTqmis naRdi avRanelebiviT, qabulis
Raribul ubanSi, Raribul saxl-
dokumenturi proza
Si oRond komfortulad. aqvT magari
generatori, romlis wyalobiTac
or avRanur ojaxs eleqtroenergiiT
amarageben, satelituri antena da
telefonebi, da aqvT toiota korola,
romelic yvelaze popularuli
manqanaa avRaneTSi. sworad am korolaSi
visxediT samive da aeroportidan
sastumrosken mivdiodiT. Cven
win aseve toiotas markis manqana midioda,
oRond jipi, gawkrialebuli,
sxvanairi nomriT da amerikis dro-
SiT. saubar-saubarSi am toiotas daaxloebiT
or metrze mivuaxlovdiT.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 111
cxeli Sokoladi 79
isaqarTvelo
80 cxeli Sokoladi
paata qurdaZe
jvarcma. teqnikuri personali da dekoracia
www.paatakourdadze.blogspot.com
Je suis témoin, je suis le seul témoin de moi-même.
Antonen Artaud
me mowme var, me erTaderTi mowme var sakuTari Tavis.
antonen arto
skami _ lursmnebi. sent-etienis vagzali. dekoratori fransua boSe.
ramdenime wlis win Cemma Svidi wlis Svilma, Tinam rveulis furcelze golgoTas gza daxata.
naxatze iesosa da am siuJetis klasikuri personaJebis garda, marcxniv kadridan TiTqmis gasuli
mosiarule adamianis fragmenti Canda _ misi sxeulis mcire nawili, fexi, da siarulisas ukan
darCenili marcxena xeli, romelSic raRac Cxirebi eWira.
Cem kiTxvaze, Tu ra eWira am kacs xelSi, mipasuxa , _ `batons xelSi lursmnebi uWiravs, da golgoTaze
miaqvs~.
es naxati misi ucnobi personaJiviT sadRac gaqra. magram man Cemze STabeWdileba moaxdina,
mis mixedviT moTxrobac davwere, sadac laparaki iyo lursmnebze, rogorc Cveni civilizaciis
konstruqciis mdgradobis mniSvnelovan komponentze.
1.
adre arasodes mifiqria: faqtia, viRacam lursmnebi gamoWeda, viRacam wamoiRo.
Cven mxolod maT Sesaxeb gvaqvs mcire warmodgena, vinc am lursmnebiT ieso jvarze daaWeda _
viciT, rom isini jalaTebi iyvnen. Tumca maT Sesaxeb arc erT saxarebaSi ar aris raime naTqvami.
es mxolod sxvadasxva epoqis naxatebsa da speqtaklebSi nanaxi scenebis Cvenive fragmentuli
warmosaxvis nayofia.
principSi, profesionali jalaTi, rogorc personaJi, arc ise sainteresoa. viciT, rom isini
arasodes aravis uyvarda, zizRiani mzerebis garemocvaSi cxovreba da sikvdilis industriaSi
Sroma maTive arCevani iyo. tradiciulad _ Tavze SavCaCCamofarebul jalaTebs mxolod franc
kafkam misca `adamianuri~ saxe erTxel: Tavis `sasjelaRsrulebis koloniaSi~.
TviT iesos jalaTebis `anonimurobac~ ki daculia _ isini ignorirebulni arian oTxive mociqulis
mier.
gacilebiT sainteresoni arian pirovnebebi, romlebic sikvdiliT dasjas teqnikurad uzrunvelyofen.
isini xSirad, varaudis sawinaaRmdegod, sruliad dadebiTi pirovnebebi aRmoCndebian
xolme. magaliTad eqimi, polotikosi da cnobili humanisti Jozef inias giliotini (Joseph
Ignace Guillotin 1738_1814).
es gvari, or saukuneze metia, sikvdilis meqanikur manqanasTan, giliotinasTan asocirdeba, da
warmoTqmisas SiSis Jruantels iwvevs. sinamdvileSi sikvdilis es dazga jer kidec XVI saukune-
Si arsebobda. eqims araferi ar mougonia. man mxolod bevri ibrZola imisaTvis, rom sikvdiliT
dasjis barbarosuli meTodebi humanuriT Seecvala; garda amisa, sikvdilmisjilTa uflebebi
Tanabari gamxdariyo. 1791 wels eqimis xangrZlivi mcdelobis Sedegad kanoni miiRes da giliotina
pirvelad gamoiyenes Cveulebrivi qurdis, vinme lui miSel lepeletielis Tavis mosakve-
Tad.
manamde sikvdiliT dasjis mravalnairi meTodi arsebobda safrangeTSi: aristokratebs
xmliT aclidnen Tavs, aznaurebs najaxiT, mefis sicocxlis xelmyofT cxenebze gamobmuls
`oTxSi amoRebulT~ fleTdnen, qurdebs da mkvlelebs ki ubralod saxrCobelaze kidebdnen an
borbalze akravdnen, rom jalaTs rkinis ketiT misTvis yvela Zvali saTiTaod daemtvria.
Raribebs, ra Tqma unda, ar hqondaT saSualeba, swrafi da `xarisxiani~ sikvdilis sanacvlod,
jalaTisaTvis fuli gadaexadaT. amitom maTi dasjis dros najaxi xan kargad ar iyo galesili,
xan mizans cotaTi scdeboda, xan kidev borbalze gakruls marTlac nel tempSi amtvrevda jalaTi
yvela wvril Zvals, radgan rkinis xelketiT pirdapir TavSi erTi dartymiT sicocxles-
Tan gamosalmeba fuli Rirda, romelic sikvdilmisjils ar gaaCnda....
parlamentari da eqimi Jozef giliotini sikvdilis arCevanSi gansxvavebas socialur usamarTlobad
miiCnevda. misi azriT, teqnologiurad da humanitarulad srulyofili sasjelis
umaRlesi zomis saerTo meTodis SemoReba pirveli nabiji unda gamxdariyo sikvdiliT dasjis
gauqmebis, aboliciis gzaze, romlis gavlas kacobriobis civilizebulma nawilma mainc giliotinis
dakanonebis Semdeg TiTqmis 200 weliwadi moandoma.
didi revoluciuri teroris wlebSi dapatimrebuli giliotini cixidan mxolod mas Semdeg
gamouSves, rac misive jalaTi maqsimilian robespieri „giliotinirebuli~ iqna revoluciis
(konkordis) moedanze. swored es zmna (guillotiner) damkvidrda frangul enaSi sikvdiliT dasjis
sinonimad sabralo eqimisa da humanistis survilis sawinaaRmdegod.
Jozef giliotini cixis Semdeg politikas aRar gahkarebia. darCenili sicocxle medicinas
miuZRvna, is ibrZoda Cutyvavilas winaaRmdeg sayovelTao acrebisaTvis, iyo erT-erTi pirveli,
vinc Seqmna sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis programa, daaarsa safrangeTis pirveli eqimTa
asosiacia, romelic dRes safrangeTis medicinis akademiaa... mTeli cxovreba uSedegod cdilobda
am sikvdilis manqanisaTvis saxeli gamoecvalaT. araferi gamouvida, mas Semdegac ki, rac
safrangeTSi giliotina 1977 wels ukanasknelad gamoiyenes, didi humanistis gvari mainc saSinelebis
sinonimad darCa.
eqimi giliotinis sevdiani istoria SesaniSnavi magaliTia, Tu rogor SeiZleba humanitaruli
brZola barbarosobad da sadizmad moinaTlos da adamianebis keTildReobisaTvis gaweuli
didi amagis miuxedavad, aswleulebis manZilze Seni saxeli mxolod zizRs iwvevdes. riskis Tavze
aReba namdvili humanistebis xvedria. radgan isini ZiriTadad moRvaweoben sistemaSi, romelsac
adamianur sisastikis sistemas davarqmevdi. Tumca mas politikur enaze adamianuri samarTali
(justise) hqvia da is iseTive Zvelia, rogorc samyaro. es sistema, rogorc wesi, ara marto
adamianebze, TviT ufalze maRla dgas. swored am sistemis msxverpli gaxda iesoc.
isaqarTvelo
cxeli Sokoladi 81
isaqarTvelo
82 cxeli Sokoladi
sabednierod, sisastikis sistemas Tavisi rCeuli `marginalebi~, Tavisi humanistebi hyavs, ise-
ve, rogorc daundobeli sadisti jalaTebi. magram, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, adamianTa am kategorias
gansazRvruli da dadgenili roli aqvs mikuTvnebuli sazogadoebis istoriis TeatrSi.
aris sisastikis sistemaSi monawileTa kidev erTi kategoria, romelic, Cemi azriT, bevrad
ufro sainteresoa Tavisi mistikuri funqciis gamo. me mxedvelobaSi myavs enTuziastebi, romlebic
yvelgan gvxvdebian, sadac raime mniSvnelovani xdeba.
isini uceb, moulodnelad, TavianTi lursmnebiT xelSi, saidanRac aRmocendebian xolme
brboSi. procesis raRac Sualedur mosamzadebel monakveTSi yvelaze wina planze garbian da
gamorbian, bevrs qoTqoTeben, fusfuseben, adamianebs aqeT-iqiT sweven, yvelaze gadamwyvet momentSi,
daWedebisas, CaquCis moqnevis win ki sadRac qrebian. saidan, an rodis modian an sad midian,
aravin icis. maT arc saxe aqvT, arc raime gansakuTrebuli niSani, rom daimaxsovro.
isini iq iyvnen, rodesac aqilevsma agamemnonis dasaxiCrebuli gvami cxenze gamobmuli mia-
Tria sakuTar banakSi, maSinac, rodesac CauSeskusa da misi cols dasaxvretad `asamarTlebdnen~
1989 wlis Sobis dRes, rodesac qabulis fexburTis stadionze Talibebi sabralo qalebs rozgavdnen
, rodesac didi kulturuli revoluciis dros pekinSi saxalxo tribunalebs awyobdnen,
rodesac italiuri daumorCileblobis wevrebma daxvretili benito musolinisa da misi
sayvarlis klara petaCis gvamebi ganTavisuflebuli milanis erT-erT moedanze fexebiT dakidebuli
gamofines...
me melursmneebi pirvelad 1989 wels TbilisSi leninis Zeglis Camogdebisas SevamCnie: jer
amweebis garSemo fusfusebdnen, mere iliCs lajebSua cecxli SeunTes, TiTqos brinjaos yverebis
gasaTbobad, mere sadRac gaqrnen. xalxis Tavdauzogavi garjis Sedegad Zeglis Camogdebis
Semdeg ki isev davinaxe: motexil da Zirs gagorebul leninis Tavs fexebs da joxebs urtyamdnen
gametebiT da mxiarulad iginebodnen…
es adamian-fantomebi TiTqos sikvdils damalobanas eTamaSebian da rodesac celmomarjvebul
Sav angelozs pirispir SeeCexebian, TavianTi sabralo aqtiurobiT mis gulis mogebas cdiloben
da gamosdiT kidec. maT droSi xetiali uyvarT, xan romel epoqaSi amoyofen Tavs da xan
romelSi. sxvadasxva epoqidan xan ras gamoayoleben xolme xels da xan ras: virusebs, briyvul
Cvevebs, modas... amitom xSirad istoria, personaJebi, adamianebis paranoia meordeba.
me marTla gamiCnda iseTi grZnoba, TiTqos Cemi Svilis daxatul mamakacis fragments, romelsac
golgoTaze iesosaTvis lursmnebi miaqvs, sadRac Sevxvedrivar; ufro metic, rom mas gamudmebiT
vxvdebi Cemi cxovrebis sxvadasxva etapze, sxvadasxva qalaqSi, droSi, konteqstSi.
2.
1972 wels, 13 wlis asakSi CemSi, iseve rogorc Cemi Taobis bevr TbiliselSi, roki da ieso er-
Tdroulad Semovidnen.
Cemi azriT, veberis cnobil rok operas maSindel represirebul da uflebaayril qarTul
marTlmadideblur eklesiaze aranaklebi damsaxureba aqvs saqarTvelos xelaxla `gaqristianebaSi~.
maSin saqarTveloSi wesierad aravin icoda gansxvaveba qristianul konfesiebs Soris. amas
arc eklesia iTxovda: mTavari iyo, rom rogorRac qriste gaxseneboda xalxs.
sulebze nadirobis azarti mogvianebiT 80-ian wlebSi gaCnda _ rogorc ki mrevlma SesamCnevad
moimata da sasuliero koniunqtura Camoyalibda.
90-ian wlebamde saqarTvelo sekularul qristianul qveynad darCa Cem maxsovrobaSi.
adesis motkbo sunian 70-ianebSi ufrosebisaTvis marTlmadidebloba weliwadSi erTxel
aRdgomis dRes sasaflaoebze qeifi da danTebuli sanTeli iyo, CemTvis ki, cxadia _ wiTeli
kvercxebi da cxeli Taflis suni, romliTac sanTlebis CamoqnaSi bebiaCems vexmarebodi yoveli
aRdgomis win: ratomRac eklesiaSi nayid sanTels ar endoboda, ambobda, _ namdvili sanTeli Taflisgan
mzaddebao. ai, sul es iyo... da sxva TiTqmis araferi.
Cemi da Cemi megobrebis mSoblebi _ represirebulni, represirebulTa Svilebi, Tavad yofili
jalaTebi, an jalaTTa Svilebi iyvnen, isini SiSSi da siZulvilSi daibadnen: mJavanaZis korumpirebuli
60-iani wlebi swored siZulvilidan gamosvlis mcdelobis kompromisuli wlebi iyo,
romelmac sayovelTao korufcia da totaluri sulieri konformizmi aswavla qarTvelebs _
SeuZlebeli iyo aseT gamudmebul mtanjvel autanel siZulvilSi, amxela boRmaSi cxovreba,
rac 20, 30, 40 da 50-iani wlebis represiebma da ideologiurma garyvnilebam moitana.
nebismieri gza, romelsac am koSmaris dasasrulisken SeeZlo waeyvana xalxi, misaRebi iyo.
saqarTvelom es gza ruseTze adre ipova _ sayovelTao konformizmSi ganbanvis, siZulvilidan
ganTavisuflebis mcdelobis 60-iani wlebi. neilonis epoqa, romelSic jalaTebi da msxverplni
erTnairad groteskulni gaxdnen. daqorwindnen, saerTo ojaxebi Seqmnes, erTad Seecadnen qeifiT
daeviwyebinaT is, risi mtanjveli maxsovroba sicocxleSi xels uSlidaT, erTad SeTxzes
dRes arsebuli qarTuli briyvuli sadRegrZeloebis udidesi nawili, romelmac garkveulwilad
saqarTvelos axali istoria msubuqad gadaiyvana sxva, SedarebiT ufro moqnil orbitaze,
romelic dRemde iq darCa. radgan es istoria aRaravis ainteresebs. masze aravin muSaobs.
me maTi kargad mesmis. isini gmirebi ar iyvnen, da arc undodaT yofiliyvnen. gmirebi Tu
dasWirdebodaT, yovel nabijze ramdenic gnebavT, imdeni hyavdaT, omis, Sromis, CrdiloeTi
polusis, Sua aziis, kosmosis, maRaroebis da aTasi sxva... es mxolod sabralo, ganadgurebuli
Taoba iyo, romelmac Tavi aiZula daejerebina, rom cxovreba ase Tu ise mSvenieria...cotaTi uke-
Tesi, vidre maTi mSoblebisa gulagSi. aRaravis undoda, scodnoda, ra iyo adre realurad. da
maT erTad SeTxzes es „adre~.
Semdeg 70-ianebi movida, Cemi Taoba. Cven ukve siZulvilis SviliSvilebi viyaviT: jalaTebisa
da maTive msxverplTa konformizmis nayofi. Cveni roli, anu, rogorc mogvianebiT davarqviT,
misia, am mRvrie wylis Tu Saqriani Rvinis gafiltvra-dawmenda iyo. mcdeloba mainc…
mTeli es periodi, Cemi `eklesia~ plexanovze. Cemi, 23-e skolidan or nabijSi iyo gorkis klubi.
mis parkSi Cven WuWyian Tovlis qvasaviT gundebs kantikuntad Semosul gogonebs, an erTmaneTs
vesrodiT. gayinuli wiTeli sveli TiTebiT nestian sigaret `luqss~ uimedod vsresdiT,
bevrs veweodiT da vlaybobdiT, kasius kleize, rokze, seqsze, veberis operaze, iesoze da misi
partiis Semsrulebel ian gilanze...
>
>> gagrZeleba gv. 112
isaqarTvelo
cxeli Sokoladi 83
isaqarTvelo
84 cxeli Sokoladi
giorgi kalatoziSvili
kvazimoda
„morigi qarTuli nagvis suni mcems“! _ cenzurisa da zedmeti Selamazebis
gareSe, erT-erTma mayurebelma swored am sityvebiT moaxdina giga
aglaZis filmis „gogona slaididan“ premieris prognozireba. piradad me
kinoSi (da arc mis gareT) msgavsi araferi migrZvnia. erTaderTi, rac vigrZeni,
isic mwuxarebiT, reJisoris marcxis suni iyo, magram droze adre
mainc ar mimitovebia fskerisaken mimavali gemi.
simarTle iTqvas, nagavzec SeiZleba iyos moTxovna; miT ufro Tu artefaqtis
saxiT amis uamravi magaliTi gvaqvs da am xelobis uamravi mimdevari
gvyavs. nagavze fasic Sesabamisi unda iyos. ra Tqma unda, faswarmoqmnasa da
Rirebulebis aRqmas is samomxmareblo bazari unda aregulirebdes, romelic
giga aglaZis Semoqmedebis mimarT maincdamainc keTilganwyobili ar
momeCvena. reJisoris advokatirebas ar vapireb, magram arc misi Semoqmedebis
usafuZvlo lanZRva mimaCnia mizanSewonili. swori iqneba Tu films
„gogona slaididan“ mayureblis komentarze dayrdnobiT gavarCevT da
ase mainc davicavT neitralitets, obieqturobas, romelsac, rogorc wesi,
moiTxoven Cvengan reJisorebi.
minda:
rame magari ra...
ZarRviani....
www.shokoladi.ge
naRvliani...
sevdiani....
guliani....
cecxlsasroli...
dardiani...
realuri...
kardinaluri...
radikalur-socialuri!
(momTxovni: forum.ge)
megobrebo, aseT formulas qarTul kinoSi aravin iyenebs. am xatovani
sityvebis karnaxiT aravin qmnis filmebs. ratom? imitom, rom sityvaTa
wyoba „socialuri dakveTa“ cud asociacias tovebs da postsabWoTa memkvidreobad
aRiqmeba. arc giga aglaZem Seasrula socialuri dakveTa.
samagierod, misi filmi „gogona slaididan“ asprocentiani pleismenTia
da ama Tu im brendTan komerciulad gaTvlili garigeba. amis wyalobiT,
aglaZem saqarTveloSi yvelaze ZviradRirebuli sareklamo filmi gadai-
Ro, romelSic samodelo saagento „slaidis“ (sxvaTa Soris, giga agla-
Zis meuRlis samodelo saagento) gogonebi konkretuli markis manqanis
prezentacias awyoben; avtoavariis SemTxvevaSi aucileblad gaigebT romel
sadazRvevo kompaniaSi unda daazRvioT manqana; romelma dizainerma
unda CagacvaT imisaTvis, rom sazogadoebis naRebisa da eliturobis
konteqstidan ar amovardeT; gaigebT, romel fotografTan unda gaiaroT
fotosesia da kidev uamrav yofiT detalsa da reklamas mohkravT Tvals.
filmis „gogona slaididan“ reJisorma saaTnaxevrian CarCoSi moaqcia is
informacia, romelsac „yviTeli furclebi“ sqeltaniani gamocemebiT
gvTavazobs.
sad aris aq kinos adgili? ra Tqma unda, gadasaReb moedanze. sad mTavrdeba
kino? samwuxarod iqve. saaTnaxevris ganmavlobaSi kinoekranze,
24 kinokadris nacvlad, mxolod im subliminalur xerxsa da 25 kadrs
vxedavT, romelic mayureblis cnobierebaze Zaladobas axdens da qvecnobierSi
reklamisadmi madis aRZvras emsaxureba. giga aglaZeSi klipurma
cnobierebam sZlia kinematografiuls. `gogona slaididan~ marTlac
klips gagonebs, romelSic gemovnebiani kostiumebi da makiaJi reJisuris
nakls faravs. am usaxur filmSi yvelas Tavisi saxe (da saxeli) aqvs. zura
yifSiZe, nanuka xazaraZe, kristi yifSiZe, naTia maqacaria, merab sanoZe,
avTandil cqvitiniZe, jiji rejini da sxva mravali filmSi sakuTar Tavs
ganasaxiereben, ris gamoc xSiria imis gancda, rom kinoekranze Jurnali
„saxe(l)ebi“-s ekranizacias gvTavazoben. Jurnalis ekranizaciis Sesaxeb
Tu gsmeniaT rame? arc me da arc im mayurebels, romlis (da)ukmayofileba
aisbergs hgavs (rac zedapirze Cans, ori imdeni siRmeSi imaleba) da romelsac
aglaZis gemi „gogona slaididan“, gabaritebiT _ 90 60 90 ukve Seejaxa!
„tutsi“ Tu tutuci?
(mkiTxavi: forum.ge)
filmis „gogona slaididan“ gadaRebis dros xSiri iyo „tutsi“-ze
apelireba. xSirad imasac axsenebdnen, rom mTavari rolis Semsrulebeli
zaza beJaSvili raRaciT hgavs dastin hofmans. modiT, msgavsebas ar
SevexoT, Torem sxvaobis garCeva sakmaod mtkivneuli aRmoCndeba rogorc
zaza beJaSvilisTvis, ise „slaidis“ reJisorisTvisac. „tutsi“,
isaqarTvelo
cxeli Sokoladi 85
isaqarTvelo
86 cxeli Sokoladi
albaT, is orientiri unda yofiliyo, romlis mixedviT gadaiRebdnen
komediur melodramas, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT _ filmis qarTul rimeiqs.
keTilSobili mizania, cuds verafers ityvi. mTavari ki mainc is
aris, Tu ra resursiT apirebdnen am miznis miRwevas. aRmoCnda, rom sakmaod
mwiri resursiT _ ramdenime modeli da zaza beJaSvili, romelic
„raRaciT“ hgavs dastin hofmans, qmnian filmis safuZvelsa da meryev
sayrdens...
„tutsis“ Sinaarsi kargad maxsovs. araCveulebrivi siuJeti aqvs, kargi
dinamika, samsaxiobo dasi da reJisura. dastin hofmani msaxiobia, romelic
kastingebze marcxs ganicdis da imedgacruebuli wyvets kinobiznesSi
sxva gziT SeRwevas. zaza beJaSvili igive nabijs dgams oRond
modeli gogos gulSi SesaRwevad. amisaTvis kinopersonaJi zuzu qalis
tansacmelsa da maRalquslian fexsacmels irgebs, magram am klounadis
ukan mamakaci mainc ioli amosacnobia. mainc riT ver moxibla zuzum
naTia axvlediani, Zalian lamazi da momxibvleli modeli, romelic Se-
TavsebiT arqiteqtoric yofila? zuzu inkognito mas ZviradRirebul
kabebsa da yelsabams ugzavnis, mTel Tbiliss aWrelebs naTias bilbordebiT,
uamrav fuls xarjavs modelis gulis mosagebad... zuzum naTias
yuradReba miipyro, simpaTia ki ver daimsaxura. ratom? odesme Tu SegxvedriaT
adamiani, visTvisac raodenoba xarisxis sinonimia? Tu ginaxavT
adamiani, romelic morTmeul Sokolads misi Rirebulebis aRmniSvnel
Ceksac Tan ayolebs (albaT imisaTvis, rom ufro tkbilad miirTvaT)?
zuzu originalurobiT ar gamoirCeva; metic, filmis posterze calsaxad
amoikiTxavT mis daxasiaTebas _ „zuzus bevri fuli aqvs da bevri
gogo hyavs, magram im erTaderTma mas yvelaferi Seucvala!.. raa?! Zalian
sasacilo komedia~.
es ukanaskneli fraza films gvixasiaTebs, rogorc romantikul kinokomedias.
mniSvnelovania, rom „slaidSi“ Canan miSa andRulaZe da vaso
fxakaZe iumorinas SesaSuri Hi-klasis xumrobiT. imedia, am kritikuli
remarkiT Tavs ar avatkiebT, Torem, veWvob, isev analginis gareSe iqnebian...
gamosavali mxolod erTi aqvT _ autkiebel Tavs nu aitkieben. kino-
Si „kamedi Sous“ sketCebiT nu gvakvirveben; giga aglaZis films erT did
kinoanekdotad nu aqceven!
rac Seexeba giga aglaZes, reJisorma sareklamo filmSi „gogona slaididan“
modebis samWedlo aRbeWda. es is sivrcea da maWanklobis instituti,
romelSic mdidari mamakacebisaTvis lamaz sacoleebs „Wedaven“. nebismier
qveyanaSi samodelo biznesi mdidar da fulian mamakacebs lamazi
gogonebis eqsports sTavazobs. aglaZis samaWanklo „slaidi“ nawilobriv
am stereotipis damsxvrevasa da ukugdebas cdilobs, rodesac lamazmani
naTia mdidar zuzus ar ikarebs, saCuqrebs ki siamovnebiT iRebs... ra Tqma
unda, es ukanaskneli ver axerxebs damkvidrebuli stereotipis msxvrevas.
modelebs uyvarT lamazi tansacmeli, ZviradRirebuli samkaulebi
da Ramis klubebSi TeTrad gaTenebuli Rameebi. ukve meramdened mebadeba
kiTxva _ maSin vis raSi sWirdeboda es klounada? miT umetes, rom filmis
finalSi naTias Tavs saCuqariviT miarTmeven zuzus. ase, ubralod, miiyvanen
ipodromze, gadasvamen manqanidan gatkepnil mindorze da dautoveben
zuzus, rogorc miTiur minotavrs utovebdnen lamazmanebs... zuzu Taviseburi
minotavria, „mas bevri gogo hyavs“ da iseTive pirutyvis funqcias
asrulebs, rogoric buRas aqvs fermaze Zroxebis ganasayofiereblad. sa-
mwuxarod uxeSi, magram zusti Sedarebaa. zaza beJaSvilis kinopersonaJi
ar iwvevs simpaTias. Tanamedrove qarTul kinoSi is tipur tutucs ganasaxierebs...
„am filmma mokla qarTuli kino“
(Wirisufali: forum.ge)
bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi es fraza xSirad msmenia. aglaZis films
„gogona slaididan“ ar mouklavs qarTuli kino. qarTuli kino movkaliT
Cven, qarTvelma mayurebelma Cveni dietiT da „dabalkaloriuli“, anu
ugemovno fsevdosulieri sazrdos (filmebis) miRebiT. giga aglaZem ki
mxolod sakontrolo gasrola gaakeTa. ase rom, aglaZes nurafers davwamebT.
isev sakuTar Tavs da, maT Soris, sakuTar tradiciebs davabraloT.
samegreloSi, sanam micvalebuls gaasveneben da miwas miabareben, qelexs
manamde ixdian xolme... zog sofelSi es tradicia dResac SemorCa. ama Tu
im filmis gaqiravebac aseT qelexs hgavs. sanam dakrZalaven, manamde moilxenen,
gaixseneben warsuls, SeiZleba erTi kviris Tavzec ar dakrZalon;
nabaxusevze uamravi sadRegrZelo gaaxsendeT da roca mixvdebian, rom
daugviandaT micvalebulis gacileba, rogorc iqna marxaven. qarTuli
filmebis gaqiravebac am principiT xdeba. mkvdradSobil films atareben
ekranidan ekranze, reklamiT izidaven mayurebels farTomasStabian panaSvidze
12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00 da 22:00 saaTze, Semdeg ki didi vaivaglaxiTa
da godebiT asamareben. kinokritikosebi, rogorc wesi, miwis erT
muWas mivayriT xolme da wuTieri dumilisTvis kompensacias xmamaRali
recenziebis gamoqveynebiT viTxovT.
amis Semdeg SevTanxmdeT, rom nekrofilia, micvalebulisadmi ltolva
cudi da mavne movlenaa. imazec SevTanxmdeT, rom micvalebulis naxvaSi
fuls ar unda vixdideT _ es ukve marazmia.
„aris holivudi da bolivudi, Cven ki nolivudi gvaqvs“...
(eqspertizis daskvna morgidan: forum.ge)
ra kargia, rom saqarTveloSi kinos gadaRebis moda dabrunda. ra cudia,
rom modaSia kinos gadaReba, miuxedavad imisa, gesmis Tu ara reJisura.
iqneb amitom, mayurebeli arcTu usafuZvlod axsenebs „nolivuds“, anu
nuls, nulovan zRvars, romelsac uaxlovdebian reJisorebi modis SegrZnebiT,
magram stilis gareSe. giga aglaZis opuss „gogona slaididan“
stili ar gaaCnia. Tumca reJisorma aq yvelafers mouyara Tavi, rac ki modaSia.
maT Soris personaliebs... moda warmavalia _ es yvelam kargad viciT.
albaT, reJisoric gaigebs. mas xom xSirad uwevs samodelo saagento
„slaidSi“ misvla...
aglaZis „kvazimoda“ ekranebze mogzaurobs. misi opusi „gogona slaididan“
garegnulad lamazia, Sinaganad ki carieli da uintereso. premieris
Semdeg mayurebeli imasac ambobda, rom siuJeti „TiTidan gamowovilia“
da „yuriT moTreuli“. amaze komentaris gakeTeba miWirs. sainteresoa,
ras ityvis reJisori? moaxerxa Tu ara mayureblis morjuleba? Tu „gogona
slaididan“ ubralod reJisoris egzibicionizmia, romelic miznad
isaxavda mayurebelSi mazoxisturi midrekilebis gamovlenas?
22 dekemberi, 2009
isaqarTvelo
cxeli Sokoladi 87
saavtoro
rafika
avtori: levan berZeniSvili
ilustracia: mariam zaldastaniSvili
dedamiwis zurgze ar moiZebneba
adamiani, romelTanac imdeni melaparakos
an mekamaTos, ramdenic rafikasTan
milaparakia da mikamaTia.
verc vixseneb sxva adamians, romel-
Tanac imdeni mqondes salaparako
da sakamaTo, ramdenic masTan. Cveni
patimroba da, saerTod, Cveni ur-
TierTobac TiTqmis ocdaxuTi wlis
win damTavrda, magram salaparako,
sakamaTo, saCxubari da saomari kidev
darCa Semdegi ocdaxuTi saukunisTvis.
rafika, rafael aSotis Ze papaiani,
dabadebuli 1942 wels, colSvi-
88 cxeli Sokoladi
liani, ori Svilis mama, 1982 wlis
10 noembers daapatimres. oTxi weli
mkacri reJimis banaki da ori weli
gadasaxleba hqonda misjili. rafika
somxeTSi helsinkis kavSiris erTerTi
damfuZnebeli iyo eduard
aruTunianTan erTad 1975 wels; mogvianebiT,
rodesac aruTuniani da
misi jgufis ori wevri daapatimres,
rafikasTan da edmon avetianTan
Cxreka Catarda. maSin ar dauWeriaT,
magram seriozulad gaafrTxiles.
xolo roca gafrTxilebam aRar ga-
Wra, Jora xomizurTan erTad daapatimres
da gulagis gzasac gauyenes.
rafikas mama, aSot papaiani (igive
aramaSot papaiani, es misi samsaxiobo
fsevdonimi iyo) somxeTSi cnobili
kaci yofila rogorc Tavdapirvelad
msaxiobi da Semdeg ramdenime
piesisa (ZiriTadad, komediisa) Tu
kinoscenaris avtori. sxvaTa Soris,
aSot papaianic Cveneburi yofila,
Cemi da daTosi ar iyos, baTumSi yofila
dabadebuli, ase rom, isedac
Cveni „zemliaki“ rafika „TiTqmis“
baTumelic iyo.
rafael papaiani CemTvis gansaku-
Trebuli patimari iyo, upirveles
yovlisa imitom, rom CemTan er-
Tad baraSevos politikuri zonis
istoriaSi pirveli saerTaSoriso
„kolmeurneobis“ Tu qibucis, „samxreT
kavkasiis xalxTa qristianul
federaciis“ Seqmnis iniciatori
gaxldaT (manamde politikur patimarTa
saerTo-sameurneo dajgufebebi
gamokveTilad nacionalur xasiaTs
atarebda) da, meorec imitom,
rom amden patimarSi igi erTaderTi
iyo Cemi „namdvili“ kolega anu filologi
_ rafael papaiani erevnis
valeri briusovis saxelobis rusuli
da ucxo enebis institutis
kursdamTavrebuli da filologiis
mecnierebaTa kandidati brZandeboda
(samwliani aspirantura tartus
universitetSi hqonda gavlili da
disertaciac estoneTis am SesaniSnav
samecniero centrSi saxelgan-
Tqmul iuri lotmanTan hqonda daculi).
didi dro ar damWirvebia imis
dasadgenad, rom rafika sakvirveli
kaci iyo. swored imitom, rom
„sakvirveli“ iyo, me masze permanentul
dakvirvebas vaxorcielebdi.
papaiani CemTvis Sesaswavli fenomeni
iyo. es iyo uaRresad mravalmxrivi
kaci: somxeTisa da, rac gasaocaria,
saqarTvelos istoriis brwyinvale
mcodne mecnieri, rusuli enisa da
literaturis SesaniSnavi specialisti,
daxvewili rusulis mqone
rafinirebuli stilisti, niWieri
poeti, erudirebuli, taqtiani, fr-
Txili, Taviseburad sevdiani iumoris,
kolosaluri Sromismoyva
eobisa da udidesi moTminebis
adamiani.
rafikas mravalmxriobis miuxedavad,
misi upirvelesi hipostasi
mainc ostatoba iyo. rogorc mravalmxrivi
mesrop maStocisTvis
moigones madlierma Tanamemamuleebma
erTi sityva „mTargmneli“ (anu
somxuri anbanis Semqmnels, ganmana-
Tlebels, misioners da somxuri samociqulo
da somxuri kaTolikuri
eklesiebis wmindans mTavar damsaxurebad
bibliis Targmna CauTvales),
ise rafikas daxasiaTebac SeiZleboda
erTi sityviT da es sityva iqneboda
„ostati“. somxebis ostatobis
ambavi sayovelTaod cnobilia da
rafikac uniWieresi da uxelmarjveesi
maisteri iyo. Tavisi, boria
maniloviCis sityviT rom vTqvaT,
maisterSaftis erT-erTi Sedevri,
wekos 12 sigaretis erTdroulad
damamzadebeli manqana, „qristes
asakisa“ rom Sevsruldi, im dabadebis
dReze maCuqa, oRond am manqaniT
sigaretebis damzadebisTvis saWiro
moTminebiT ver aRmWurva da me
wekos sigarets isev xeliT vaxvevdi.
Tavis sakerav manqanaze TviTnakeTi
ormagi propeleri hqonda damagrebuli
da zafxulSi mis manqanasTan
jdomas araferi sjobda. sakerav
manqanaze gaumjobesebaTa da gaiolebaTa
iseTi wyeba hqonda Catarebuli,
rom dRiuri produqcia _
92 wyvili „variSka“ (ceraTiTa xel-
TaTmani) dilis 11 saaTisTvis ukve
Seqmnili hqonda da Semdeg saaTebSi
momavali dReebis angariSSi muSaobda
(xalxi ambobda, ramdenime aTasi
wyvili xelTaTmanis maragi aqvs
Senaxuli „Savi dRisTviso“, Tumca
ra dReebic gvedga, imaze Savs ras
eloda, ar vici).
sxvadasxva dros rafikam mocaleobis
Jams Seqmna nivris avtomaturi
sanayi manqana (es aparati ZiriTadad
uqmad cdeboda, sad iyo „samanqano“
niori!), nigvzis aseve avtomaturi
sakepi (esec mTlianobaSi saCvenebeli
modeli iyo, nigozi iSviaTi xili
iyo banakSi, Cem garda arc aravis
hqonia arasodes), Tabaxis qaRaldis
mxazveli aparati, Semwvari Tevzis
naWridan Zvlebis xorcis struqturis
dauzianeblad gamomcleli
manqana, xisgan damzadebuli xorcis
meqanikuri sakepi manqana (es unikaluri
manqana ki gvqonda, magram
xorci banakSi sami weli TvaliT ar
minaxavs), TviTnakeTi zusti saswori
(wonida, ra Tqma unda, erTi miligramis
sizustiT) da ase Semdeg,
yvelas verc CamovTvli da verc gavixseneb.
mravalricxovani Teoriebidan,
romlebic sxvadasxva xalxisa
da epoqis geniosebis somxur warmomavlobas
amtkicebs (me piradad,
marTalia, ara rafikasgan, cxovrebis
sxvadasxva monakveTSi momismenia
rusTavelis, Seqspiris, baironis,
mocartis, iulius keisris, qristes,
budas, muhamedis, iuri dolgorukisa
da lev tolstois somxobis
„damadasturebeli“ Teoriebi), Tuki
iseTic arsebobs, romelic leonardo
da vinCisac am uZveles eTnoss
miakuTvnebs, me mis gasaZliereblad
mraval arguments movitandi rafikas,
SeiZleba iTqvas, genialuri
materialur-teqnikuri Semoqmedebidan.
Senaxvis, gadanaxvis, saguldagulod
gadamalvis, dakonservebis,
dazogvis, Txlad daWris trfials
rom etyvian, is iyo. mravali Tvis
win sayvareli meuRlis, anahitis
mier damzadebuli yaurma rom gaufuWda
da msunagma griSa feldmanma
SeuWama, eg xom araferi. kidev ufro
xangrZlivi (sami wlis!) Senaxvis zu-
Txis konservi „baliki“ gagvixsna saaxalwlod,
_ gaisad am dros aq aRar
viqnebio da gadasaxlebaSi marto
xom ar SevWamo. joni laSqaraSvilma
rom avadmyofobis dros gamozogi-
saavtoro
li karaqiT saaxalwlo torti daamzada,
rafikas sayveduri daimsaxura,
_ wels isedac uamravi saWmeli
gvaqvs (aq, Cemi warmodgeniT, cota
gadaaWarba), eg karaqi gaisisTvis
unda Segenaxa, ra ici, gaisad ra iqnebao.
banakis maRaziaSi, romelsac zonuri
tradicia „lariokad“ moixseniebs
(aqedanaa, sxvaTa Soris, cnobili
gamoTqma, „karaqia lariokSi“,
rac CemTvis „SeuZlebel situacias“
aRniSnavs _ karaqi ar Sedioda „lariokis“
uaRresad Rarib asortimentSi;
ise ki, es gamonaTqvami „Tavi
damanebes“ mniSnelobiT gamoiyeneba),
iyo maRali da dabali moTxovnis
produqtebi. maRali moTxovniT
sargeblobda zeTi (boTlianad
Rirda maneTi da 2 kapiki, 20 kapikad
Rirebuli boTli Semdeg TveSi „lariokobaze“
Cabarebas eqvemdebareboda),
Savi Cai (90 kapiki), weko (1 kolofi
15 kapiki, me, magaliTad, TveSi
20 kolofi mWirdeboda), asanTi (1
kapiki; unda gqonoda, aravin ar mogcemda),
mrgvali konfeti, romelsac
Saqris funqciis Sesruleba SeeZlo
(kilo 3 maneTi Rirda, oras gramze
mets ver vyidulobdiT), saweri
rveuli (klasikuri sabWoTa Tormetfurcliani
versia 2 kapiki Rirda)
da saweri kalami _ pasta (Zviri iyo,
30 kapiki). SedarebiT dabali moTxovniT
sargeblobda sxvadasxva juris
jemi anu „pavidlo“ (zustad maneTi
Rirda, qila 10 kapikad Cabarebas
eqvemdebareboda), Tevzis paSteti
„volna“ (76 kapiki), dauviwyari sabWoTa
konservi Завтрак туриста „turistis
sauzme“ _ Tevzis, tomatisa
da brinjis ganumeorebeli kombinacia
(80 kapiki), Tambaqos Zviriani
cxeli Sokoladi 89
saavtoro
nawarmi, magaliTad, ufiltro sigareti
„prima“ (15 kapiki) da ramdenime
produqti fantastikis an patimrebis
dacinvis sferodan, magaliTad
maneTnaxevrad Rirebuli kiSiniovis
Tambaqos fabrikis produqcia,
filtriani sigareti „malboro“,
romelic saerTod ar sargeblobda
aranairi moTxovniT da amitom „lariokidan“
„lariokamde“ iyo da iyo.
rafika 22 dekembers iyo dabadebuli.
Cveni zonuri cxovrebis
pirvel wels, rodesac Sesabamisi
gamocdileba ar gvqonda, me da
daTom gadavwyviteT, sasiamovnod
gagvekvirvebina iubilari, „lariok-
Si“ yovelTviurad dasaxarji Cveni
kuTvnili 10 maneTidan sami gavimeteT
da dabadebis dReze arnaxuli
saCuqari, ori kolofi „malboro“
vaCuqeT. darwmunebuli viyaviT,
rom Cveni finansuri TavganwirviT
megobari aRfrTovanebuli darCeboda
da gulisfancqaliT velodebodiT
Zvirfasi saCuqris gadacemis
moments. saRamos, rodesac rafikam
mokrZalebul sufraze migvipatiJa,
gazeTSi saguldagulod gaxveuli
saCuqari mivarTviT. nel-nela gaxsna
gazeTi da sigareti rom dainaxa,
iubilars, aSS-s maSindeli
prezidentis, ronald reiganisa ar
iyos, xalxuri sibrZne daaviwyda,
am SemTxvevaSi, naCuqari cxenisa da
misi kbilis Sesaxeb, da msaxiobisa
da dramaturgis aSot Tu aramaSot
papaianis mxolodSobilma Zem, rafaelma
WeSmaritad tragikuli xmiT
Seicxada, SehRaRada mamas, SeiZleba
iTqvas, zecasTan dagvabezRa mezobeli
xalxi, _ bedkrulo qarTvelebo,
es ra giqniaT, sam maneTad xom
mTeli sami qila „pavidlo“ movidodao!
90 cxeli Sokoladi
CaiT Sesmul erT-erT sadRegrZeloSi
„gadanaxuli droSebis kavaleri“
vuwode da moewona. yvelaferi
hqonda gadanaxuli, joni sawyobis
gamges eZaxda da me muzeumis direqtors.
komersantuli talantiT
Cvens zonaSi veravin Seejibreboda:
erTxel erT-erT patimars saswrafod
safosto marka dasWirda, mTeli
zona Semoiara da bolos CvenTan
movida, _ viRupebi, werils ver vagzavni
da am TveSi werilis gagzavnis
ufleba mixundeba, miSveleTo.
saSineli grZnobaa, roca samkapikiani
markis uqonlobis gamo, ori
kviris naweri 32-gverdiani werili
giuqmdeba, iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba,
rom mxolod xmis miwvdena da
werilis miwera SegiZlia Seni axloblebisTvis
da amasac ver axerxeb,
sulieri sicarielisa da Ralatis
morevSi eSvebi, sicocxle aRar ginda.
amas mixsnida Cemi ukraineli Tanazoneli,
xma ukankalebda da Rrma
depresiisken mieqaneboda. davamSvide,
_ nu geSinia, markas giSovi-meTqi
da wavedi rogorc rwyili an rogorc
avTandili. mivadeqi, ra Tqma
unda, rafikas. vuTxari, _ rafik, axperjan,
cavadtanem, marka mWirdeba,
kargi kaci iRupeba-meTqi.
_ safosto marka iSviaTi nivTia,
_ ganacxada rafikam. _ misi Rirebuleba
sabazro moTxovnasTan erTad
icvleba. mzad aris klienti, rom
gadaixados?
_ ra unda gadaixados, samkapikiani
marka sWirdeba kacs, _ saqmeSi gulubryvilo
Cauxedaoba gamovavline
me.
_ axperjan, levanjan, ar minda
axla leqcia wagikiTxo qarTul
uyairaTobaze. Tqveni qoneba xom gaaniaveT,
axla me maswavliT, ra Rirs,
rogorc Sen ambob, „samkapikiani“ marka?
_ da ra Rirs samkapikiani marka,
aTi kapiki? _ rac SeiZleba saqmianad
vikiTxe me.
_ aTi kargi ricxvia, oRond me am
ricxvs SensaviT uyuradRebod ar
moveqceodi. Sen xom xazs usvam, rom
„lariokSi“ marka sami kapiki Rirs,
me mas gadaudebeli saWiroebis koeficientze,
10-ze gavamravleb da
davadgen, rogorc ingliselebi
ityvian, emerjensi praiss: 30 kapiki,
anu ori kolofi weko.
_ ori kolofi weko ra ambavia?! _
ver davmale aRSfoTeba me.
_ vivaWroT? _ iseTi saxiT ikiTxa
rafikam, rom vaWrobis yvelanairi
xalisi damekarga. amas filologiuri
argumentic daemata saliteraturo
klasikidan, _ Торг здесь
неуместен! _ ostap-suleiman-bertamaria-bender-beis
msgavsad, mkacrad
ganacxada rafikam da 30 kapikis Rirebulebis
sxva produqtebis Camo-
Tvla daiwyo: ori kolofi „prima“,
erTi asanTis kolofi Cai da a.S.
wavedi gasaWirSi Cavardnil Cem
ukrainel ZmasTan. avuxseni situacia
da erTi kolofi weko movTxove.
gaxarebulma saswrafod momirbenina
erTi kolofi weko. me rom mqonoda
marka, xom ici, rom gaCuqebdi-meTqi,
_ da vicio, _ miTxra. mec rom mqonoda
da Sen dagWirveboda, gaCuqebdio,
magram axla ise mWirdeba, rom
erTi kolofi weko am saqmeSi memeteba,
kidev kargi, markis patronma
ori an meti rom ar moiTxovao (taqtiani
kaci iyo da patronis vinaoba
ar ukiTxavs, Tumca, ra Tqma unda,
mixvdeboda, banakSi kerZod vis eqneboda
aseTi mwvaved deficituri
saqoneli). Cemi maragidan erTi kolofi
weko davamate da rafikas mivutane.
_ xom xedav, ra iolad dagvTanxmda
klienti, sami unda meTqva, _
sinanuliT Tqva rafikam.
is aRar miTqvams, erTi kolofi
Cemi rom iyo, miT umetes, rafikam
„mogeba“ orad gahyo da Cemi kolofi
weko damibruna. simarTle rom
vTqva, ukrainel megobars Cemi kolofi
imitom ki ar davumate, rom
gansakuTrebiT keTili kaci var;
ara, ubralod, erT sacodav markaSi
ori kolofi wekos moTxovna momerida,
rafikam ki ukve seriozulad
gadawyvita, _ momavali gadaudebel
SemTxvevaSi emerjensis koeficienti
15-mde gaezarda.
rafika principuli kaci iyo da
yvela saprotesto aqciaSi monawileobas
iRebda. protestis ZiriTadi
forma gaficva iyo. gavificebodiT
da saamqroSi ar SevdiodiT, ar
vmuSaobdiT. zogierTi patimari am
protests ssrk generaluri prokuroris,
rekunkovis saxelze weriliT
„amagrebda“; werilSi ewera, _
ssrk generaluro prokuroro, amisa
da imis gamo, protestis niSnad, am
ricxvidan im ricxvamde gaficvas
vacxadeb, razedac xels vawer _ patimari
esa da es. werili konvertSi,
konverti _ safosto yuTSi. qar-
Tvelebi arc erT RonisZiebas ar
vacdendiT, yvela protests vuer-
TdebodiT, magram ssrk generalur
prokurors ar vaRiarebdiT da werilebs
ar vwerdiT _ isedac mSvenivrad
atyobinebdnen sadac jer ars,
vin monawileobda gaficvaSi da vin
ara. danarCenebi am werilebs werdnen
da safosto yuTSi agdebdnen.
joni laSqaraSvilma daiCema, _ rafika
kavkasieli kacia, generalur
prokurors werilebs ar miswerso.
erTxelac, rafika rom safosto
yuTSi rekunkovisadmi gasagzavn
werils agdebda, jonim xelidan gamostaca,
gaxsna da saxe gaebadra:
konvertSi marTla carieli furceli
ido.
rafika, „viTarca-igi vTquT“,
wlebis manZilze iuri lotmanis
moswavle iyo. gairkva, rom am gasaocar
kacs mec Sevxvedrivar, boria
maniloviCic da vadim iankovic. er-
Txel inteleqtualur-samsaxiobo
TamaSi wamoviwyeT, or-orkacian
gundebad daviyaviT, gundis erTerT
wevrs pantomimiT unda gadaeca
meoresTvis raime sityva an fraza.
finalSi me da rafikam (mwvrTnelebi
Jora xomizuri da genrix alTuniani)
piterelebis uZlieresi gundi
davamarcxeT, romelSic poliakovi
da maniloviCi Sediodnen, xolo
mwvrTnelebad donskoi da tolstixi
hyavdaT: rafikam moaxerxa da
JestebiT gamagebina, rom piterelebs
Cafiqrebuli hqondaT politpatimarTa
biblia _ „adamianis uflebaTa
sayovelTao deklaracia“.
gamarjvebulebs damarcxebulebma
Cai mogvarTves da swored maSin gaixsena
rafikam, rogor auxsnia amgvar
TamaSSi lotmans partniorisTvis
urTulesi termini режим Салазара
(rafikas aspirantobisas antoniu
di oliveira salazari jer kidev
portugaliis diqtatori iyo). iuri
lotmans munjurad jer klasikuri
diqtatori warmoudgenia, Semdeg
ki gadasula meore nawilze: meuRles
zara erqva. mouyvania lotmans
qalbatoni zara, auRia xelSi virtualuri
„dana“ da dauwyia zaras
sxeulis aravirtualuri nawilis
„CamoWra“, Semdeg xelebiT kiTxvac
dausvams, _ axla netav ras vSvrebiTo.
ra Tqma unda, gvisaubria qarTul
anbanze. rafikas aRizianebda, Jora
rom mrglovans swavlobda da mis
grafikaSi kosmiur wesrigs eZebda.
rafika movses xorenacis eyrdnoboda
da amtkicebda, mesropma mTargmnel
jagas daxmarebiT qarTuli
anbani Seqmna, raSic xels uwyobdnen
mefe bakuri da qveynis arqiepiskoposi
moseo.
_ marTalia Tu ara, rom mesropma
qarTuli ar icoda? _ davsvi me Cemi
mTavari SekiTxva.
_ ase ambobs koriuni, _ ar ikadra
tyuili rafikam.
_ filologi kaci xar, SeiZleba
ena ar icode da misi fonemebi gamohyo?
_ vikiTxe me da xangrZlivi
kamaTisTvis movemzade. ena araTu
unda icode, aramed mas uRrmesad
unda grZnobde, masSi mniSvnelobis
matarebeli elementebi rom gamohyo.
_ ra Tqma unda, ara, magram qarTuli
fonemebi, rogorc Cans, mTarg-
saavtoro
sad gyavT
istorikosebi, Tqven
xom poetebis qveyana
xarT? _ bebiaCemis,
ivlita beraias
terminiT rom vTqva,
`ironia gamikeTa~
rafikam.
mnelma jagam gamohyo, _ moulodnelad
aRmoaCina ucnobi geniosi V
saukunis saqarTveloSi rafikam.
_ qarTvelebs kargad icnob, umaduroba
qarTuli nacionaluri ni-
Sania? _ mwared vikiTxe me.
_ gansakuTrebuli umaduroba
qarTvelebisTvis ar Semityvia, _
frTxilad aRniSna rafikam.
_ amodena saqme gaukeTebia mesrops
da Cven viTom madlieri ratom ar viqnebodiT?
_ ise vikiTxe, rom rafikas
gaWirveboda koreqtuli saubari.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 115
cxeli Sokoladi 91
esei
neoliberalizmis kritika
ocdameerTe saukuneSi
avtori: irakli kakabaZe
1972 wlis arCevnebze CileSi sakmaod
daZabuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna.
ramdenime partiam xmebis daaxloebiT
erTi da igive raodenoba
daagrova. sul mcire procentiT
gamarjveba memarcxene socialistur
partias xvda wilad. Tumca
gansxvaveba mogebulsa da wagebulebs
Soris Zalian mcire iyo _ qveyana
ramdenime banakad daiyo. salvador
aliende qveynis prezidenti gaxda,
magram misi xelisuflebaSi yofna
xanmokle aRmoCnda. 1973 wels samxedro
xuntam, general pinoCetis
xelmZRvanelobiT, saxelmwifo gadatrialeba
moaxdina, raTa `memarcxene
radikalebis~ TareSi aRekveTa
da qveyanaSi samoqalaqo mSvidoba
daebrunebina. momavali 16 wlis
ganmavlobaSi Cilem, am samoqalaqo
92 cxeli Sokoladi
mSvidobis garda, praqtikulad yvelaferi
naxa. pinoCetis samxedro
policiurma reJimma ekonomikuri
neoliberalizmis saxeliT qveyanaSi
teroris kampania gaaCaRa, romelsac
aTasobiT udanaSaulo adamiani
Seewira. am yvelafris ideologiuri
gamarTleba is iyo, rom Cile ar
moxvedriliyo `komunistebis~ mmar-
Tvelobis qveS. samxedro xuntis
mmarTvelobis pirveli wlebidanve
diqtaturas da terors ukve bevri
konservatiuli politikosic daupirispirda.
1976 wlisTvis qveynis politikur
wreebSi ukve konsensusi iyo
imis Taobaze, rom CileSi samxedro
diqtatura mZvinvarebda. Tumca, es
diqtatura sakuTar Tavs `demokratiis
da liberaluri ekonomikuri
Rirebulebebis damcvelad~ asaRebda.
pinoCetma amerikidan saswrafod
Caiyvana Cikagos ekonomikuri skolis
studentebi, romelTac milton
fridmanis ideebis ganxorcieleba
umalve daiwyes da globalur,
transnacionalur korporatiul
wreebSi Cile uceb cnes `liberalur,
Tavisufali ekonomikis mqone
warmatebul qveynad~. is mravalricxovani
daxvretebi, dapatimrebebi,
udanaSaulo adamianTa wameba,
teroristuli reJimi ekonomikis
`liberaluri~ Tu `liberali~ mamebisTvis
arafers niSnavda. isini
xom komunistebs umklavdebodnen
da rogorc Zveli liberaluri gamoTqma
ambobda: kargi komunisti
mxolod mkvdari komunistia. aqedan
gamomdinare, salvador aliendes
(romelic mxolod socialisti iyo
da ara komunisti, Tumca amas memarjvene
eqstremistebisTvis mniSvneloba
arc hqonia) da misi aTasobiT
momxres mkvleloba, imdroindeli
`liberaluri~ korporatiuli elitis
TvalsazrisiT, aucilebeli
piroba iyo Ciles demokratiuli
ganviTarebisaTvis, radganac, maTi
azriT, demokratiis upirvelesi ni-
Sani privatizacia da ekonomikuri
eqspluatacia iyo.
rodesac sakuTari mtrebi saxlSi
safuZvlianad gaanadgura, generali
pinoCeti sazRvargareT myof mtrebzec
gadavida. jer iyo da, argentinaSi
mokles xuntis amboxebuli
generali, romelic ar daemorCila
samxedro reJims da emigracia
amjobina. 1976 wels ki vaSingtonSi,
qalaqis centrSi bombiT mokles Ciles
yofili elCi amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi, orlando letelieri
sakuTar TanaSemwesTan erTad.
es iyo erT-erTi pirveli sagareo
teroristuli aqti, romelic amerikis
miwaze Caidines. TviT fordis
respublikurma administraciamac ki
ver dafara aRSfoTeba da gadawyvita
gamoZiebina mkvleloba da am afe-
Tqebis organizatorebi amerikuli
marTlmsajulebis winaSe warmdgariyvnen.
1976 welsve demokrati da
SedarebiT memarcxene jimi karteri
amerikis prezidentad airCies. karteris
administraciam da iusticiis
saministrom gadawyvites, rom pasuxi
moeTxovaT letelieris mkvlelebisaTvis.
gamoZiebas generaluri
prokuroris ofisis axalgazrda
TanamSromeli lourens barsela
uZRveboda. mis winaSe metad rTuli
amocana idga _ hari trumenis cnobili
gamoTqmisa ar iyos, `sakuTari
ZaRliSvilebis~ (Our Son of a Bitches)
qveyanaSi unda moeZebna teroristul
aqtSi damnaSave adamianebi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom amerikeli
liberalebi, evropel kolegebTan
SedarebiT, bevrad ufro progresul
poziciebze dganan samoqalaqo
uflebebisa da socialuri Tavisuflebebis
sakiTxSi, sagareo politikaSi
Zirfesviani cvlilebis gatare-
esei
ba iSviaTad xerxdeba xolme. aqedan
gamomdinare, kisinjeris mier datovebuli
memarjvene memkvidreoba
sakmaod rTuli gadasalaxi zRude
iyo idealisti da progresuli karteris
administraciisaTvis. Tumca,
letelieris SemTxvevaSi, moulodnelma
faqtebma da, amave dros, axalgazrda
gamomZieblis seriozulma
namuSevarma Sedegi gamoiRo. pirvel
rigSi, sruliad SemTxveviT, bombis
afeTqebis adgilas aRmoCnda im
sakontaqto pirebis fotografiebi,
romelTac es mkvleloba SeukveTes
kubel antikastroel emigrantebs.
es fotoebi CileSi gadagzavnes da
iqac sruliad SemTxveviT isini meore
dResve ramdenime gazeTSi gamoqveynda.
xuntam veRar moaxerxa
mkvlelobis damkveTebis vinaobis
dafarva. amerikis generaluri
prokuroris gundi meore dResve
santiagoSi Cafrinda da pinoCets am
pirTa eqstradicia mosTxova. amas
isic daemata, rom erT-erTi uSualo
damkveTTagani amerikis moqalaqe
aRmoCnda. xuntam zewolas veRar
cxeli Sokoladi 93
esei
gauZlo da eWvmitanilebi amerikis
mxares gadasca. amerikelma eWvmitanilma
ki, saproceso garigebis safuZvelze,
ukve pirdapir daasaxela
mkvlelobis uSualo damkveTi _ Ciles
uSiSroebis samsaxuris ufrosi,
generali kontrerasi. amis Semdeg
ukve amerikis generalurma prokurorma
kontrerasis eqstradiciac
moiTxova. ai, es ki ukve zedmeti
iyo `megobari ZaRliSvilebis~ re-
JimisaTvis. xuntam uari ganacxada
eqstradirebaze, radganac aSkara
iyo, rom mkvlelobis dagegmvis Zafs
TviT pinoCetamde mivyavdiT. saqme
gaiwela. 1980 wels amerikis Seer-
Tebul StatebSi reiganis administracia
movida, romlisTvisac pino-
Ceti ara mxolod megobari, aramed
gmiric ki iyo da TiTqos am saqmeSi
damnaSaveebis dasjis perspeqtivac
daixSo. cnobilia, rom pinoCeti
TviTon metad gaRizianebuli iyo
prokurori barselas qmedebebiT da
mas `koRo~ uwoda. `koRoebma unda
icodnen, rom marTalia, maTi kbena
gvaRizianebs, magram maTi mokvla
erTi dartymiT kacs ar gauWirdeba
da imedia, amas ar gvaiZulebeno~,
94 cxeli Sokoladi
_ imuqreboda `neoliberalebis~
sayvareli rkinis generali.
1980-iani wlebis bolomde CileSi
araferi Secvlila. pinoCetis diqtatura
agrZelebda `liberalur~ ekonomikur
reformebs da Sesabamisad
`liberalurad~ epyroboda sakuTar
mowinaaRmdegeebs. zogs stadionze
xvretda, zogs wynar okeaneSi agdebda,
zogsac magelanis sruteSi gadauZaxebda.
sikvdilis eskadronebi
uswordebodnen yvelas, vinc mdidrebisa
da samxedroebis winaaRmdeg
amoxvneSasac moaxerxebda. jimi karteris
idealisturi administracia
ronald reiganis militaristulma
politikam Secvala, sadac komunistebis
aCrdili isev nomer pirvel
mtrad gamocxadda. TiTqos pinoCets
`koRoebma~ veraferi daakles. civi
omic sabWoTa kavSiris damarcxebiT
damTavrda. reiganis mier naqebma
`globalurma kapitalizmmac~
gaimarjva da ekonomikuri liberalizmis
CeqmiT damamkvidrebel pinoCetsac
TiTqos mxolod madloba
ekuTvnoda istoriisgan.
magram es ase ar moxda. amerikis
generaluri prokuroris asistentma
`koRom~ saqme ar Sewyvita, piriqiT
pinoCetis saqmes daemata ramdenime
sxva qveynis moTxovnac da bolos is
did britaneTSi vizitisas daakaves
espaneTis generaluri prokuroris
moTxovniT. jer amerikis generaluri
prokuroris moTxovnas
espaneTis magistratis balTazar
garsonis moTxovna daemata, romlis
gamoc pinoCeti weliwadze met xans
inglisSi gaxldaT dapatimrebuli;
Semdeg ki igi gaasamarTles Cile-
Si mosamarTle xuan guzman tapias
TavmjdomareobiT. sabolood pinoCetic
da kontrerasic CileSi gaasamarTles
da istoriamac maT ganaCeni
gamoutana rogorc sisxliani
diqtaturis warmomadgenlebs da
ara rogorc `liberaluri ekonomikuri
Rirebulebebis~ damamkvidrebel
gmirebs. istoria bevrad ufro
samarTlianad sjis, vidre nebismieri
ideologia. is yovelTvis Tavis
adgilas ayenebs robespierebs, napoleonebs,
taleiranebs, hitlerebs,
stalinebsa Tu sxva mmarTvelebs,
romelTac sakuTar droSi propaganda
an mTlianad ganadidebs, anac
miwasTan asworebs.
me-20 saukunis pirveli naxevris
gamoCenilma italielma moazrovnem
antonio gramSim kargad Camoayaliba
`kulturuli hegemoniis~
Teoria, sadac igi sxvadasxva tipis
dominaciuri sistemebis arsebobas
ara mxolod materialur-empiriul
faqtorebs miawers, aramed sworedac
rom kulturuli diskursis
WrilSi ganixilavs Tanamedrove
biurgeruli, `liberaluri~ sazogadoebis
funqcionirebis safu-
Zvlebs. misi azriT, biurgeruli
ideologiiT `tvingarecxili~ samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis interesTa
jgufebad dayofasTan da jgufuri
konkurenciis paradigmaSi Cabmas-
Tan erTad xdeba kapitalisturi
ideologiis moZliereba. gramSis
azriT, kulturuli hegemoniis Sedegad
sulac ar aris saWiro aSkarad
gamoxatuli diqtatoris arseboba,
sistema TviT asrulebs am
funqcias, sadac konkurenciisa da
sikvdilis SiSs avtomaturad aqvs
diqtatoris funqciis SeTavsebis
gansakuTrebuli unari da amis Sedegad
policiuri funqciebis didi
nawilis sakuTar Tavze aReba swo-
redac rom `samoqalaqo sazogadoebis~
saSualebiT xdeba.
sainteresoa, rom hana arendtis
gamokvlevebiT xSirad totalitarizmis
safuZvels sworedac rom
`moqalaqis~ (germanulad Burger)
instituti warmoadgens. swored es
biurgerebi iyvnen isini, visac ebraelebi
sakuTari nebiT mihyavda sakoncentracio
banakSi, vinc faSizmsa
Tu antisemitizms amarTlebda. hana
arendti am SemTxvevaSi ara mxolod
ebraelebis Cagvraze laparakobs,
aramed pirveli msoflio omis Sedegad
darCenili yvela sxva umciresobisac,
romelTac maSindeli
`eri-saxelmwifoebi~ sruluflebian
moqalaqeobas ar aZlevdnen, rameTu
maTi `eri-saxelmwifoebi~ eTnikuri
niSniT iyvnen agebulni da maSasadame
`liberalur damokidebulebas~
mxolod am qveynebis eTnikuri maspinZlebi
imsaxurebdnen.
herbert markuze 1936 wels daweril
`Zalauflebis SeswavlaSi~
Segnebulad urevs terminebs `samoqalaqo
sazogadoeba~ da `bur-
Juaziuli sazogadoeba~, radganac
germanul enaSi es terminebi erTi
esei
da igive signifaeriT aRiniSneba.
Tanamedrove italieli filosofosi
jorjo agambeni ki 1995 wels
ukve laparakobs homo sacer-ze, anu
qarTulad rom vTqvaT, `sulier arsebaze~,
romelsac adamianis uflebebi
ar aqvs, es laTinuri gamoTqma
inglisurad iTargmneba rogorc
Bare Life. es aris SiSveli sicocxle,
romlis mokvlac yvelas SeuZlia da
mis sicocxles aravin icavs. ramdeni
aseTi SiSveli sicocxlea Cvens
irgvliv? maTi ricxvi sxvadasxva
gamoTvliT miliardebs aWarbebs,
magram es miliardebi wamyvani gazeTebis
hedlainebze arasdros xvdeba.
aris Tu ara es samarTliani?
am kiTxvaze pasuxi albaT ufro Sinagani
mrwamsis sakiTxia. bevri memarcxene
politikosi Tu sazogado
moRvawe, bevri religiuri lideric
Tvlis, rom es miuRebelia da rom
unda gamoinaxos gza, rom adamianebis
sicocxle metad dafasdes. neoliberalizmisa
da fiskaluri konservatizmis
ideologiis momxreebi,
raRa Tqma unda, ase ar fiqroben.
>>> gagrZeleba gv. 92
cxeli Sokoladi 95
gagrZeleba
raze fiqrobs urban reaqtori
aSenda. magram ar icodnen mTavari
_ proeqtis Seqmnis socialuri mizani
da koncefcia.
es komunistebis erT-erTi socialuri
eqsperimenti iyo. maT
burJuaziuli sazogadoebis komunistur
sazogadoebad gardaqmna
undodaT. amisTvis ki pirvel rigSi
(marqsistuli filosofiis mixedviT)
kapitalizmis birTvis, ojaxis
struqturis rRveva iyo saWiro.
komunistebi ideis gansaxorcieleblad
specialuri sivrcis Seqmnas
cdilobdnen, sadac es procesi bunebrivad
unda dawyebuliyo. kompleqsSi
Sedioda _ saZile zona,
sadac wyvilisTvis mxolod sawoli
da saweri magida idga, saerTo sasadilo,
samrecxao da calke Senoba,
sadac bavSvebisTvis 24-saaTiani
baRi unda yofiliyo, rom mSoblebs
sakuTari drois Tavisuflad
gamoyeneba SeZlebodaT. socialuri
sacxovrebeli Zvel ubanSi, parkTan
axlos aSenda. rodesac ginzburgi
proeqts le korbuziesTan
ganixilavda, mis frang kolegas
parkis maxloblad sacxovreblis
aSeneba sasacilodac ar hyofnida.
`ra ggoniaT, muSaTa klass parkSi
bulbulis stvenis mosmena sWirdebao?~
amitom mSvidad miugo, rom
komunistebisTvis socialuri kondenseri
utopiuri sazogadoebis
Seqmnis eqsperimenti iyo _ sazogadoebis,
romelsac produqtiulobis
maqsimaluri xarisxi unda
eCvenebina _ diliT muSa unda yofiliyo,
Sua dRes saTevzaod wasvla
unda SeZleboda, saRamos ki,
privatul sivrceSi, sadac bavSvebis
xmauri ar Seawuxebda, inteleqtualur
samuSaos miscemoda, da
magaliTad kritika ewera.
magram eqsperimenti Cavarda.
kraxis mizezi ideis absurduloba
iyo, rac TviTon proeqtis Semqmnelebma
daadastures, rodesac _
mTavarma arqiteqtorma kompleqsSi
is farTi airCia TavisTvis, romelic
isev burJuaziuli ojaxisTvis
iyo gankuTvnili. finansTa komitetis
Tavmjdomarem ki saxuravze sa-
zogadoebriv sivrced Cafiqrebul
farTze penthauzi dadga. da narkomfinis
saxli erT, Cveulebriv
`komunalkad~ gadaiqca.
`ai, aseT Temebze vsaubrobdiT
da amitom momwonda misi leqciebi.
Tan Cven jgufurad vmuSaobdiT.
da esec Zalian momwonda.
universitetSi es gamoricxuli
iyo, radgan jgufSi Sejibri da
konkurencia ar arsebobs, Sesabamisad
superstarebis gadarCeva da
Sefaseba rTulia. jgufSi muSaoba
Zalian produqtiuli da efeqturi
iyo, radgan pasuxismgebloba
kompetenciis mixedviT nawildeboda
da yvela akeTebda imas, rac
sxvebze ukeT icoda. SeiZleba meti
dro midioda komunikaciaze, magram
esec mniSvnelovani momenti
iyo, radgan Zalian bevri swored
am ganxilvebis dros viswavleT.~
levani am jgufTan erTad Tavis
pirvel urbanul proeqtze sami semestri
muSaobda. maT mexikos erTerTi
gareubani ekatepeki airCies
(4-milioniani mosaxleobiT), sadac
ramdenime wlis win developerebis
mier gaSenebuli izolirebuli
sacxovrebeli ubnis (14 aTasi
saxliT) qalaqis bunebriv qsovil-
Si integraciisTvis unda SeewyoT
xeli. izolirebul sacxovrebel
ubans qalaqis danarCeni nawilisgan
ormetriani kedeli hyofda. am
kedlis miRma arsebobda ori radikalurad
gansxvavebuli samyaro
_ erT mxares qalaqi, TviTganvi-
Tarebuli sivrce, saocrad dinamiuri,
cocxali da xalxmravali,
meore mxares ki steriluri, erTsaxovani
garemo, absoluturad
erTnairi saxlebiT. `dakarguli
iyo qalaqis mTavari xibli _ misi
mravalferovneba. da komunikacia,
rodesac mezoblad cxovroben yvela
socialuri fenis adamianebi da
urTierToba maT Soris Cveulebrivi
ambavia, _ ambobs levani, _
izolirebuli sacxovrebeli ubnebi
ki, xSir SemTxvevaSi, umniSnvelo
qonebrivi segregaciis gamo, am
socialur fenebs Soris xelovnur
gagrZeleba
sazRvars qmnis da maT Soris komunikacia
qreba~. maT im konkretuli
arealis problemebis gadasaWrelad
jer zogadad meqsikis
politikur-ekonomikur-socialuri
istoria ikvlies, mere fokusi
daaviwroves da or-or kacianma
jgufebma am konkretuli arealis
dasaxlebis socialuri problemebi
Seiswavles. `es is SemTxveva iyo,
rodesac qalaqmSeneblobis mTeli
politika developerebis xelSi
moxvda da yvelaferi mtacebluri
mogebis reJimSi gadavida. es izolirebuli
sacxovrebeli ubnebic
am problemis sivrciTi gamosaxuleba
iyo~.
levani fiqrobs, rom gaumarTla,
radgan delftSi istoriul momentSi
moxvda. dRes ukve universitetSi
bevri ramea Secvlili _
`dialeqtikuri eqsperimentidanac~
mxolod maaris kursi darCa, migelis
urbanuli asimetriis kurss
ki gamoemSvidobnen. erTi sityviT,
darCa mTeli konteqstiT da SinaarsiT
Secvlili `Sou rum~ Senoba,
sadac awi mxolod `varskvlavebi
gaizrdebian~.
`rac iqidan wamomyva, aris mar-
Tla Zalian magari gamocdileba da
megobrebi, romlebTanac kontaqti
dRemde ar gamiwyvetia~. metic,
maTTan urTierToba albaT kidev
ufro intensiuri gaxdeba mas Semdeg,
rac levani da ruso saqarTveloSi
`urban reaqtoris~ fargleb-
Si urban aqtivobas daiwyeben.
raze fiqrobs urban
reaqtori
rusos `pragmatuli eqsperimentic~
kraxiT dasrulda. ambobs,
rom Zalian ecada, magram misgan
konformisti gogo mainc ver dadga.
`dResac isev venTebi im problemebze,
rogorc adre. Sevegue
imas, rom es cxovrebis wesia da ara
ubralod kariera~. Tumca, dResac
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis
erovnul saagentoSi iuneskosTan
urTierTobis sakiTxebze muSaobs.
ar icis, ramden xans darCeba iq.
cxeli Sokoladi 97
gagrZeleba
rac namdvilad icis, is aris, rom
levanTan erTad urban reaqtors
mixedavs da imis realizebas ecdeba,
rac verc erTma verc sajaro
samsaxurSi, verc kerZo kompaniaSi
ver moaxerxa.
urban reaqtori jer mxolod
blogia. mas jer mxolod Tvrameti
mimdevari da aTamde aqtiuri wevri
hyavs. isini alternatiuli codnis
bazis Seqmnas apireben, iseTis,
rogorzec studentobis dros
TviTon ocnebobdnen. gaakeTeben
mobilur biblioTekas, sadac Sexvedrebs
da seminarebs moawyoben.
mere ukve TanamoazreebTan erTad
sazogadoebaSi urbanizmis mimarT
interesis gaRvivebas da zogadad
aqtivizmis Sesaxeb maTi warmodgenebis
Secvlas Seecdebian.
`rodesac erT-erT organizacia-
Si Cveni SeTavazebiT mivediT, ase
gviTxres, _ Zalian ambiciurebi
xarTo, _ da Tavazianad dagvemSvidobnen,
_ ambobs ruso. magram Cven
imedgacruebebisTvisac mzad varT.
rodesac sistemuri cvlilebis-
Tvis ibrZvi, marcxi TiTqmis garantirebuli
gaqvs. magram yvelas ase
rom efiqra, kacobriobis istoria-
Si arc araferi Seicvleboda, xom?
amitom Cvenc patar-patara winaaRmdegobebis
gadalaxviT viwyebT,
ramac gvinda, saboloo miznamde
migviyvanos~.
urban reaqtori fiqrobs, rom,
pirvel rigSi, Sesacvlelia mTliani
urbanuli politika, romelic,
maTi azriT, Zalian zedapiruli da
myifea, da kidev SerCeviTi, radgan
realurad mxolod maTi uflebebia
daculi, visac fuli aqvs.
ruso ambobs, rom aseve Sesacvlelia
midgoma istoriuli memkvidreobis
mimarT. adre Zalian xistad
da sworxazovnad udgeboda
Zeglebis konservacias, rodesac
Zeglebis absolutur auTenturobis
SenarCunebas uWerda mxars.
dRes fiqrobs, rom esec fetiSia.
`qalaqi istoriis ganmavlobaSi
icvlis saxes. es procesia da bevri
cvlileba Zalian kanonzomieria.
98 cxeli Sokoladi
istoriuli ubnebis SenarCunebis
politika cota moqnili unda iyos.
magaliTad maT, visac qalaqSi tualeti
ezoSi aqvs, unda aZlevdnen
uflebas, Senobis ukana fasadze
patara farTi miaSenon da tualeti
saxlSi Seitanon. unda iyos Tavisufleba
imisTvis, rom qalaqma
sunTqva SeZlos, magram aseve unda
arsebobdes Zalian moqnili regulaciebi,
`sunTqva~ barbarosobaSi
rom ar gadaizardos~.
am problemebis gadaWris gzebic
Zalian kompleqsuria. rTulia,
Seqmna proeqti, romelSic yvelas
socialur moTxovnas gaiTvaliswineb,
ise, rom ar daarRvev qalaqis
bunebriv qsovils. proeqts, romelsac
efeqturi ekonomikuri modeli
aqvs da swor iuridiul Car-
CoSi zis.
rodesac qalaqis istoriul ubnebSi
biznes interesi Cndeba, sacxovrebeli
teritoria mosaxleobisgan
icleba da Senobebi mSral
turistul obieqtebad gadaiqceva.
ruso am process `gaSardenebas~
eZaxis.
safrangeTis Crdilo-dasavleT-
Si, istoriul provincia bretonSi
yovel wels fermerebis festivali
imarTeba. es mxare Zalian saxasia-
To dialeqtiT da kidev ufro saxasiaTo
tradiciebiTaa cnobili.
ucxoelebsac es lamazi mxare swored
am uCveulo niSnebiT izidavs
da weliwadis am dros bretonSi
aTi aTasobiT turisti Cadis. yvela
Tavmoyvare bretoneli nacionalur
kostumSia gamowyobili da
adgilobriv dialeqtze saubrobs.
`mokled turistebi sanaxaobiT
bednierebi arian, _ ambobs ruso,
_ magram rogorc ki festivali
mTavrdeba, uecrad qreba tansacmelic
da momentalurad yvela
frangulad iwyebs saubars. es yvelaferi
speqtaklia~.
`Cven ver vamCnevT, ramdenad
cocxalia Cveni qalaqi, _ ambobs
levani, _ sadme rom midixar da
am gapiwkinebul quCebs da Senobebs
uyureb, sinamdvileSi mxolod
fasads xedav, ra xdeba fasadis
ukan, imas ver amCnev. es yvelaferi
samuzeumo eqsponats emsgavseba.
Tbilisis istoriul ubans jer
gamuzeumebis procesi ar Sexebia,
amitom bevrad ufro meti kulturuli
muxti aqvs, vidre im qalaqebs,
sadac cxovreba mowesrigebulia.
yvela procesi, rac aq xdeba,
Zalian aSkarad Cans quCebSi. nebismieri
evropuli qalaqi droSia
gayinuli. CvenTan, sadac procesi
kontrols jer ar eqvemdebareba,
sivrce socialuri kuTvnilebaa.
CvenTan sivrce procesia, breton-
Si ki _ forma. magitom miyvars es
TviTSeqmnili naxalovka. iq Cven
uaxles istorias waikiTxav _ rogor
agebdnen adamianebi saxlebs,
ra komponentebs umatebdnen, ra
masalebs iyenebdnen da rogor dizains
irCevdnen. iq, komunikaciac
mogvarebulia da higienac. igrZnoba
TviTmyofadi da dinamiuri
procesebi, romelzec kontroli
naklebad vrceldeba. da, Cemi
azriT, es aris swored is kulturuli
muxti, romelic kargad iq
Cans, sadac kontroli naklebia da
metia Tavisufleba. amitom vfiqrobT,
rom sxvadasxva problemis
gadaWris gzebi yvela doneze unda
veZeboT. mgoni, mxolod ase SeiZleba
Sualedis moZebna~.
_ gavdivarT? _ kiTxulobs ruso,
rodesac daviT mesxi Tavis fotomowyobilobebis
Calagebas iwyebs.
qalaqSi gavdivarT. me da mesxsac
gvinda rusosTan da levanTan er-
Tad `umisamarTod gaviseirnoT~,
iqneb naxalovkaSic, rom Cvenc davinaxoT
is, rasac isini, ukve didi
xania, xedaven _ Cveni qalaqi. am
seirnobis ambavs ki aq ar mogiyvebiT.
radgan `sakuTari qalaqis~
aRmosaCenad rukebi da sxvebis
rCevebi araferSi gamogadgebaT. am
dros ubralod gaixuravT kars da
gadixarT umisamarTo da umizno
mogzaurobaSi, sadac ras ipoviT
da ras aRmoaCenT, winaswar aravin
icis.
Zola TavisuflebisTvis
gagrZeleba
dias bolo politikuri gadawyvetileba,
sanam is devnili gaxdeboda.
1991 wlis dekembris bolos elcinma
damoukidebloba gamoacxada da
ruseTi sabWoTa kavSiridan gavida.
31 dekembers, maSin, rodesac Tbilis-
Si erTmaneTs vxocavdiT, gorbaCovma
ganacxada, _ `me vwyvet Cem uflebamosilebas
sabWoTa kavSirs meTauris
rangSi, am saxelmwifos daSlis gamo~.
am dros TbilisSi saSineli omi
iyo, tyviebiT vulocavdiT erTmaneTs
axal wels. ai, ase dasrulda Cveni br-
Zola damoukideblobisTvis. sabWoTa
kavSiri ise daiSala, rom verc ki gavigeT.
gaviRviZeT pirvel ianvars da
arc ki vicodiT, rom ukve damoukideblebi
viyaviT. arc televizia ar mu-
Saobda, da arc gazeTebi gamodioda.
ase dasrulda Cveni brZola damoukideblobisTvis,
romelic mivi-
ReT Cvengan damoukideblad. aseve
miiRo damoukidebloba uzbekeTma,
tajikeTma, yirgizeTma, TurqmeneTma
da yazaxeTma. gaero-m yofili sabWoTa
respublikebidan maleve cno
14-is damoukidebloba, erTis garda,
da es erTi saqarTvelo iyo. gaero-m
ar icoda, visi damoukidebloba unda
ecno, qveyanas xelisufleba ar hyavda.
am etapze mainc ratom ar Cndeba aranairi
pasuxismgebloba imaze, rasac politikosebi
akeTeben?
vis unda hqonoda es pasuxismgebloba?
ar mgonia, Tengiz kitovani
an maSin an axla acnobierebdes imas,
rac Caidina. misi `kliCka~ iyo `bawia~,
ukraineli anarqisti `batia maxnos~
mibaZviT, romelic xan bolSevikebs
ebrZoda 1919 wels, xan TeTrebs... imis
mixedviT, rogor awyobda. `kliCka~
hqonda am adamianis, da es moswonda,
siamovnebda. aqedan Cans misi politikuri
pasuxismgeblobis siRrme.
jaba ioseliani yofili kanonieri
qurdi iyo. Tavisi mentalitetiT es
adamiani mTeli cxovreba saxelmwifos
ebrZoda da rogor SeZlebda is saxelmwifoebriv
azrovnebas. erTia `bawia~,
meore kanonieri qurdi da mesame sigua.
ai, es triumvirati _ samxedro
sabWo marTavda qveyanas.
100 cxeli Sokoladi
visi iniciativiT Camodis eduard SevardnaZe?
SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi 1992 wlis
7 marts, gamsaxurdias damxobidan mesame
Tves Camovida. manamde samxedro
sabWos Zalaufleba isev kalaSnikovebiT
eWira. TbilisSi 10 aTasobiT
zviadistis mitingebi imarTeboda,
xalxs quCaSi xvretdnen da mainc ver
Slidnen.
ase didxans rom veRar SeinarCunebdnen
Zalauflebas, pirveli jaba ioseliani
mixvda.
politikurma da inteleqtualurma
elitam kitovanis da jabas xeliT ki
moaxerxa gamsaxurdias damxoba, magram
ara imisTvis, rom mere maTTvis daeTmoT
Zalaufleba.
amas kargad xvdeboda jaba ioseliani
da daiwyo kidevac molaparakebebi
SevardnaZesTan. `stalinis mere aseTi
didi kaci ar gvyolia, moskovSi ganZi
gvyavs da ratom unda gavuSvaT xelidan,
Camosvlaze Tu daviTanxmeT, miliardi
moaqvso~, _ legendebi dadioda
SevardnaZeze.
`yvela magis megobari iyo, buSidan
dawyebuli SulciT damTavrebuli, ra
unda gveqna, me da kitovani xom ar viqnebodiT
TbilisSio?~ _ jabas sityvebs
geubnebi.
mTeli komunisturi inteligencia
da nomenklatura, yvela, visac ar undoda
gamsaxurdia, SevardnaZis Camosvlas
elodeboda, siguas da kitovanis
garda. maT icodnen, rom SevardnaZis
xelSi Zalaufleba aRar eqnebodaT,
sigua imdenad gabrazebuli iyo, rom
aeroportSi ar wavida mis dasaxvedrad.
kitovans SevardnaZisTvis mxolod
sagareo saqmeTa ministris posti
emeteboda, sxvaTa Soris, Tavis droze
zviad gamsaxurdiasac. mokled, SevardnaZes
samsaxurs yvela sTavazobda.
SevardnaZis Camoyvanis gamo, jabasa
da kitovans Soris ise daiZaba
urTierToba, rom kinaRam meore omi
daiwyo. maSin jabam mxedrioni fexze
daayena da pirdapir Tqva, an damTanxmdebiT,
an sxva zomebs miviRebo.
jabas mxars sazogadoebrivi azric
uWerda da Tavisi gaitana.
sxvaTa Soris, maSin kitovanma jabas
uTxra, _ eg kaci rom Camogyavs, icode,
jer me damiWers da mere Seno...
sazogadoeba ratom aris aseTi ususuri,
ratom ver axdens is gavlenas politikur
procesebze?
sazogadoeba imaze fiqrobda, _
axla vis gavyveTo. maSin jabam ixumra,
_ `tramvais gayeviTo~. `cekadan~
pirdapir omze gadavediT. Cven qveynis
marTvis araferi vicodiT, bnel oTaxSi
aRmovCndiT da xelebis cecebiT
davdiodiT. es giJuri 90-ianebi iyo.
es namdvili sigiJe iyo. dRe ise Tendeboda,
rom aravin icoda, ra unda
ekeTebina.
SevardnaZe mzad iyo am nabijisTvis?
sanam SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi
Camovidoda, elcins Sexvda da azri
hkiTxa, Wkviani kaci iyo, gansxvavebiT
sxvebisgan, da Camosvlamde daiwyo
mxardamWerebis mopoveba. elcini dai-
Tanxma, manamde Zalian cudi urTier-
Toba hqondaT, ar uyvardaT da ar
endobodnen erTmaneTs, raRac Zveli
komunisturi angariSebi hqondaT. SevardnaZe
saqarTveloSi mxolod ruseTis
mxardaWeris miRebis Semdeg Camovida
da Camoitana sakuTari wignis
honorari _ 100 aTasi dolari. es iyo
misi legendaruli miliardi. sxvaTa
Soris, misi CamosvlisTanave gaero-m
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba aRiara.
SevardnaZem kargad icoda, sad modioda.
man Tqva `rodesac me TbilisSi
Camovedi, maSin saqarTvelo ar arsebobdao~.
miuxedavad imisa, rom es arapopularuli
mosazrebaa, me viziareb
am Sefasebas.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis iurisdiqcia
ar vrceldeboda arc afxazeTSi,
arc samegreloSi, arc aWaraSi
da arc yofil samxreT oseTSi. samtrediaSi
xan vrceldeboda, xan ara.
qveyana Tavidan bolomde samoqalaqo
omSi iyo Cafluli. quCebSi bandebi
daTareSobdnen, Zarcva-gleja da ya-
CaRoba iyo.
SevardnaZe rom Camovida, erT-erTi
pirveli Sexvedra universitetSi hqonda.
gamosvlisas majis saaTi moixsna
da tribunaze dado. es saaTi mopares.
ai, aseTi iyo maSin saqarTvelo.
gaazrebis, Sefasebis, SeCerebis, raime
alternativis moZebnis sivrce ar arsebobda?
aranairi. erTaderTi, rac moxda am
periodSi, samoqalaqo omis dawyebis
win, is iyo, rom eqimma gia abesaZem
cocxlad daiwva Tavi. es nabiji imitom
gadadga, rom ramenairad SeeCerebina
is sigiJe, rasac qarTvelebi
akeTebdnen. adamianma navTi gadaisxa
da Tavi moikla Sua rusTavelze, er-
TaderTi mizniT, _ egeb mixvdeT ras
akeTebTo.
2 seqtembridan 4 Tve Tbilisi isterikaSi
cxovrobda. aranairi Sefaseba,
araviTar analizze ar aris saubari.
an aqeT unda yofiliyavi, an iqiT,
sxva arCevani ar arsebobda. saSineli
radikalizmi iyo. qarTvelebi iseTi
sisastikiT ibrZodnen erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg,
jer TbilisSi da mere samegreloSi,
rom aseTi sisastikiT arsad
ubrZoliaT _ arc afxazeTSi da arc
oseTSi.
ratom Camodis SevardnaZe, ratom
aris is Tanaxma Caibaros aseTi qveyana?
da ra arCevani hqonda? ruseTSi is
sZuldaT. gansakuTrebiT gacofebulebi
iyvnen samxedroebi. gorbaCovi
rusia da mas apaties sabWoTa kavSiris
daSla, ai SevardnaZe rusi ar iyo da,
yvela ubedureba mas daabrales.
bolos dacvac mouxsnes da mis usafrTxoebas
iciT, vin icavda? _ iqauri
qarTveli mafiozebi, Savebi...
jaba ioseliani momiyva TviTon, _
damirekes da miTxres, Tu migyavT es
kaci aqedan, droze waiyvaneT, Torem
mis usafrTxoebaze pasuxs veRar vagebTo.
Camovida da pirveli rac gaakeTa,
azerbaijanSi da somxeTSi Cavida, undoda
regionuli lideri gamxdariyo.
ase ambobs Tengiz sigua, romelic
Tan axlda SevardnaZes molaparakebebze.
is dRemde amtkicebs, rom
is amerikelebma gamouSves, raTa es
regioni ruseTisaTvis gamoeglijaT
xelidan. am Sexvedrebze SevardnaZe
cdilobda, daerwmunebina liderebi,
SeeqmnaT regionuli kavSiri da mibrunebuliyvnen
dasavleTisken. magram
es ar gamovida, somxeTSi uari
uTxres yarabaRis gamo, maT ruse-
Tis mxardaWera sWirdebodaT. uari
uTxres azerbaijanSic.
ra aris SevardnaZis nomer pirveli
amocana?
man Tavis misiad erovnuli konsolidacia
gamoacxada. Seqmna saxelmwifo
sabWo da Seiyvana absoluturad
yvela politikuri Zala. es sabWo
imelSi ijda da marTalia, laqlaqis
garda arafers ar akeTebda, magram
saidanRac xom unda daewyo.
realuri xelisufleba isev jaba ioselianis,
kitovanisa da siguas xelSi
iyo.
SevardnaZe cdilobda, Tanamdebobebi
yvelasTvis mieca, imisTvis, rom
yvela gamsaxurdiasTan brZolaSi Caeba.
misi Camosvlis dRidan samoqalaqo
omi kidev ufro gamwvavda. ase rom,
misi mTavari amocana gamsaxurdias da
zviadistebis damarcxeba iyo.
anu saqarTvelos damoukideblobis-
Tvis brZolis idea am etapze zviadistebis
damarcxebad transformirda?
92-Si zviad gamsaxurdia gaiqca saqarTvelodan,
Torem samoqalaqo omi
ki ar damTavrda, dapirispireba samegreloSi
gadavida. da im wlebSi es
mxare Zalian usamarTlod da sastikad
daisaja. walenjixaSi saSineli Setakebebi
iyo, xalxis dasawiokeblad Tbilisidan
reidebi igzavneboda.
Tavisi sisastikiTa da daundoblobiT
samegrelo amaT ormagad gaazviadistes.
moTareSe razmebi xalxma ver
miiRo da verc miiRebda _ yaCaRoba
iyo, qoneba mohqondaT, mdidrdebodnen.
am bandebidan nawils kanonieri qurdi
jaba ioseliani xelmZRvanelobda,
nawils _ kitovani metsaxelad `bawia~.
gagiJda iq xalxi. radikalizmi gaormagda
da gaaTmagda. am awiokebebis
gamo, xalxma mokida xeli kalaSnikovs
da SeuerTda qobalias. polkovniki
qobalia metsaxelad `loTi~ gamsaxur-
gagrZeleba
dias gvardiis sardali iyo, romelic
darCa saqarTveloSi da samegreloSi
gaiqca. imis Tqma minda, rom erT mxares
`bawiaa~, meore mxares `loTi~. es
xalxi iyofs saqarTvelos, es xalxi
ibrZvis ZalauflebisTvis. orive mxares
rusuli iaraRi uWiravs, rusebi
wyveten, vis ramdeni kalaSnikovi miscen.
ai, es aris Cveni saqarTvelo.
amerika gvigzavnis humanitarul
daxmarebas, rom mSivrebi ar davixocoT.
puri safuraJe xorbliT cxveba
da dilis 5 saaTze ukve rigebi dgas.
erTaderTi, rac iyideba, puria. ukve
yvelaferi moSlilia, mTeli qveyana
mkvdaria.
Cven, rogorc eri, aRar varsebobT,
aranairi imuniteti aRar gagvaCnia.
afxazebi sargebloben qarTvelebis
dapirispirebiT, sakanonmdeblo bazas
qmnian da damoukideblobis gamocxadebisTvis
emzadebian.
afxazeTi amave dros zviadistebis
Zalian seriozuli dasayrdenia, qar-
Tuli mosaxleobis 90 procenti zviadistia
da 92-is zafxulSi, 14 agvistos
iwyeba omi afxazeTSi. SevardnaZes
ori mTavari amocana aqvs: bolo mou-
Ros afxazebis separatizms da mospos
zviadistebis dasayrdeni. garda amisa,
rkinigza iZarcveba, saSineli yaCaRobaa,
gansakuTrebiT gudauTaSi. yvela
tvirTs, romelic ruseTidan modis,
maT Soris somxeTisTvis, gudauTaSi
gauZarcvavs ar tovebdnen.
anu afxazeTis omi imitomac daiwyo,
rom qarTvelebs Soris dapirispireba
grZeldeboda?
es omi yvelas awyobda. zviadistebi
fiqroben, rom SevardnaZes daasamareben,
SevardnaZes imedi aqvs, rom afxazeTis
sakiTxs sabolood gadawyvets,
afxazebs ki rusebi agulianeben da
imedi aqvT, rom gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi,
damoukideblobas moipoveben.
rodesac SevardnaZis kabinetSi am
omis dawyebis Sesaxeb msjelobdnen,
man Tqva, rom jaris Seyvana arZinbas-
Tan unda SeTanxmdes. mas Tavad daelaparaka
da Tanxmobasc miiRo, rom,
rkinigzis gakontrolebis mizniT,
afxazeTSi jari Sevidoda.
cxeli Sokoladi 101
gagrZeleba
ar fiqrob, rom am omis dawyebis pasu-
xismgebloba sabolood mainc qarTvelebzea?
me vfiqrob, rom afxazebze isevea,
rogorc qarTvelebze. afxazebs rom
moendomebinaT, es omi ar iqneboda.
saqarTvelos jari rodesac soxumSi
Sedis, es gadaRebulia, sigua arZinbas
eZebs, magram ver poulobs. arZinba
jer daimala da mere omis dawyebis Sesaxeb
gasca brZaneba.
arZinba rom winaaRmdegi yofiliyo,
fiqrob, rom SevardnaZe jars ar
Seiyvanda?
SeiZleba ar Seeyvana an jari rkinigzas
gayveboda da zviadistebs
daupirispirdeboda. afxazebi Segnebulad
wavidnen qarTvelebTan omze,
maSin gamsaxurdias da arZinbas interesebi
erTmaneTs daemTxva. pirveli
tyvia roca gavarda da qarTvelebma
da afxazebma erTmaneTs esroles,
gamsaxurdias pirveli mowodeba iyo:
davdgeT mcirericxovani afxazi xalxis
gverdiT, gadavarCinoT afxazebi
genocidisgano. es aris im adamianis
mowodeba, romelic manamde ambobda, _
afxazebi rogorc eri ar arsebobso.
ai, ase transformirda misi damokidebuleba,
mxolod imitom, rom gamsaxurdiasTvis
afxazeTSi SevardnaZis
gamarjveba mis dasamarebas niSnavda.
pirveli, rac gaakeTes gamsaxurdias
momxreebma, omis dawyebis Semdeg gudauTaSi
Cavidnen da molaparakebebi
daiwyes. uzenaesi sabWos wevrma jemal
gamaxariam afxazeTis televizias
interviu misca da wamyvanis kiTxvaze
_ gaerTiandebian Tu ara qarTvelebi
afxazebis winaaRmdeg _ upasuxa: `Cven
SevardnaZesTan arasdros gaverTiandebiT~.
qobalia dResac irwmuneba,
rom afxazebi Tanaxma iyvnen, gamsaxurdias
momxreebi afxazeTSi SeeSvaT,
rogorc samSvidobo Zala. ramdenad
daujerebeli rameebi xdeboda, ara?
am dapirispirebam Tavidanve gagvwira
damarcxebisTvis.
aq Zalian mniSvnelovania ruseTis
rolic, axla ukve elcini iTxovs yofili
sabWoTa respublikebisgan `esengeSi~
Sesvlas.
102 cxeli Sokoladi
2 seqtembers, roca droebiT Sewyda
afxazeTis omi, SevardnaZem arZinbas
yvelaferze, rac undoda, xeli moawerina,
maT Soris _ ganiaraRebaze.
maSin es SevardnaZis seriozul gamarjvebad
CaiTvala. Semdeg erTi Tve
elodebodnen rusebi, rom sanacvlod
is `esengeSi~ Sesvlaze xels moawerda,
magram es imdenad arapopularuli nabiji
iyo, rom SevardnaZem ver gabeda
amis gakeTeba. `esengeTi~ TamaSi saqar-
Tvelos Zalian Zvirad, afxazeTis fasad
daujda.
hqondaT Tu ara Sansi qarTvelebs, ar
daewyoT es omi?
Cemi azriT, hqondaT. SevardnaZe
axla ambobs, rom Secdoma iyo am omis
dawyeba. `me davuSvi Secdoma, rodesac
afxazeTSi piradad ar Cavedi da
ar Sevxvdi arZinbas~, _ ambobs is.
jari rom Sevida soxumSi, afxazuri
droSa Camoxsnes. kitovanma wamoiRo
es droSa da ferxTiT daugdo SevardnaZes,
viTom didma sardalma imperators
nadavli miarTva.
Cven afxazebs ar ganvixilavdiT
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebad, Cven
ubralod unda Semogvemtkicebina es
kuTxe. aseTi midgoma iyo da politikosebTan
erTad am ganwyobas mosaxleobac
iziarebda.
rodis gawyda sabolood qarTvelebsa
da afxazebs Soris damakavSirebeli
Zafi? rodis dadga momenti, roca ukan
dasaxevi gza aRar darCa?
omis Semdegac iyo ukan dasaxevi
gza. arZinba xels awerda saerTo saxelmwifos
Seqmnas saqarTvelosTan
da Tanaxma iyo devnilebis dabrunebaze.
primakovma is TbilisSi Camoiyvana,
SevardnaZesTan 10 Tu 12-saaTiani
Sexvedra hqondaT. ar vici, ramdenad
Sesruldeboda es SeTanxmeba, magram
amaze ukve SevardnaZem Tqva uari. mas
erTiani saxelmwifo undoda, da ara
afxazebisa da qarTvelebis mier er-
Tad Seqmnili saxelmwifo.
ratom awerda amaze xels arZinba?
molaparakebebi grZeldeboda, rodesac
ruseTs problemebi eqmneboda
Crdilo kavkasiaSi, maSin Cveni ur-
TierTobebi Tbeboda da isini afxazebze
zewolas aZlierebdnen... erTi
sityviT, gveTamaSebodnen...
ruseT-CeCneTis meore omis dros
ukve prezidenti putini sTxovda
SevardnaZes, rom saqarTvelos mxridan
jaris Seyvanis saSualeba miecaT
qarTvelebs, amis sanacvlod,
soxumamde teritorias gvaZlevdnen
erT dReSi, zustad erT dReSi mogcemTo...
SevardnaZe ar endo maSin rusebs,
ifiqra, rom kidev moatyuebdnen... an
kidev ar gawira CeCnebi, ar vici, ra
moxda. amaze gabrazebulma rusebma ma-
Sin daiwyes pirvelad afxazebisaTvis
pasportebis darigeba...
rom davubrundeT 90-iani wlebis dasawyiss,
maSin Cven Tbilissa da samegreloSi
erTmaneTs vxocavdiT da afxazebisTvis
ra unda SegveTavazebina, ratom
unda vyofiliyaviT maTTvis mimzidveli
da saintereso?
Cven Soris uTanxmoeba SeiZleba
didi xnis manZilze yofiliyo davis
sagani, magram amas omi ar mohyoloda.
arc Cven da arc afxazebs ar aRmogvaCnda
imuniteti. orive mxarem
davuSviT didi Secdoma da yvelaferi
gavafuWeT. es rogorc qarTuli, ise
afxazuri politikuri elitis Secdomis
Sedegi iyo, rogorc daingra danarCeni
saqarTvelo, ise daingra afxazeTic.
dasavleTi am dros gvarwmunebda, _
mTavaria, ruseTTan gamonaxeT saer-
To enao. `elcini xeliT gviWiravs da
meore xeliT TavSi ver CavartyamTo~,
_ eubnebian saqarTvelos xelisuflebas,
romelic daxmarebas iTxovs.
ruseTi amiT kargad sargeblobda da
Cvenc Cveni bedovlaTobiT amis saSualebas
vaZlevdiT. didi Zalisxmevac
ar sWirdebodaT, iaraRs arigebdnen
mxolod.
afxazeTSi omis dawyebis win, saqarTvelos
Tavdacvis saministros
axalcixis divizia da diviziis mTeli
SeiaraReba gadasces. tankebi, qvemexebi,
tyvia-wamali iqidan pirdapir afxazeTSi
wavida.
afxazeTis omis tragedia raSi iyo?
saxelmwifoebrivi tragizmi raSi Cans?
am omma daamtkica, rom saqarTvelo,
rogorc saxelmwifo, ar arsebobda, es
iyo brZola dapirispirebul politikur
banakebs Soris. afxazeTis omSi
vinc gaimarjvebda, is iqneboda legitimuri.
am oms erTnairad Seewiren
qarTvelebic, afxazebic da saqarTvelos
teritoriebic. saxelmwifoebrivi
azrovneba da qveynis momavali politikosebis
ambiciebs gadayva.
am oms raRac raundebi hqonda, ara?
rogor eqcevian qarTvelebi am omSi
erTmaneTs?
SevardnaZe kargavs soxums imitom,
rom mas ebrZvis gamsaxurdia, amis Semdeg
gamsaxurdia kargavs danarCen
afxazeTs imitom, rom mas mxars ar
uWers SevardnaZe.
gamsaxurdias da SevardnaZis mebr-
Zolebs yvelaze metad zurgSi erTmaneTis
tyviis moxvedris eSinodaT. am
dros yvela viTom soxumSi midioda
da sinamdvileSi iq aravin Casula.
soxumis ukanaskneli dReebi lakmusis
qaRaldia. kargad Cans, ra eri, ra
sazogadoeba, ra saxelmwifo viyaviT.
Cven ar viyaviT gamarjvebis Rirsi.
SevardnaZes rom soxumi gadaerCina,
es iyo gamsaxurdias politikuri
sikvdili da Tu gamsaxurdia gadaar-
Cenda danarCen afxazeTs, es iqneboda
SevardnaZis politikuri sikvdili.
erTis ukan naxevari saqarTvelo
idga, meore naxevari ki meores ukan.
Cven, gulubryvilo adamianebs ki gvegona,
rom kritikul momentSi gaver-
TiandebodiT, aRmoCnda, rom aseT
kritikul momentSi SevardnaZe da gamsaxurdia,
maTi momxreebi kidev ufro
didi mtrebi gaxdnen.
soxumSi darCenilebis bedi aravis
adardebda, afxazebs rom mtrebad
vTvlidiT, gasagebia, magram soxumis
qarTveli mosaxleoba, es xalxi gawires?
gawires. 200 aTasi adamiani iyo
alyaSi, rodesac soxumis Sturmi
daiwyo. es xalxi fexebze ekidaT, im
wuTSi gamsaxurdias da SevardnaZis
bedi wydeboda. SevardnaZem Tavisi
bolo koziri, `sng~ arc soxumis, arc
gagris, arc oCamCiris gadarCenisTvis
ar gamoiyena, aramed gamoiyena maSin,
rodesac mis Zalauflebas realuri
safrTxe daemuqra da zvidistebi
quTaisTan mividnen. ai, maSin Sevida
saqarTvelo `sng~-Si. sanacvlod, rusebis
samxedro mxardaWera miiRo da
admiral baltinis flotis desanti
foTSi.
es faqtobrivad samoqalaqo omis dasasruls
niSnavda?
diax, zviadistebi mixvdnen, rom
ruseTma SevardnaZe airCia da aRarc
ubrZoliaT. 1993 wlis 7 noembers samTavrobo
jarebi zugdidSi Sevidnen.
pirvel `beteerSi~ vaxtang goguaZe
ijda, meoreSi _ avTo margiani, zed
saqarTvelos droSa frialebda. qalaqi
iyo mkvdari, maSin zugdidi kidev
erTxel da sabolood gaiZarcva.
gamsaxurdia afxazeTSi gaiqca,
afxazebma is Tavisi momxreebiT mii-
Res, Tumca mosTxoves, rom afxazeTis
damoukideblobisTvis moewera xeli.
gamsaxurdia maSin mixvda, rom Zalian
cudad gamoiyenes. man es aRar gaakeTa,
ris gamoc gamoagdes afxazeTidan da
iZulebuli gaxda, maRalmTian samegrelos
tyeebSi damaluliyo, didxans
ixetiala da bolos Tavi moikla. sa-
Sinel apaTiaSi iyo. yvela Semoecala
da mxolod 3 adamianTan erTad darCa.
ojaxebi ukve mis miRebaze uars ambobdnen,
eSinodaT...
mokled, afxazeTis omis ganmavlobaSi
yvela mainc imaze fiqrobda, visi
sikvdiliT da damarcxebiT damTavrdeboda
es omi _ gamsaxurdiasi Tu SevardnaZis.
saboloo jamSi afxazeTis
omi orives damarcxebiT damTavrda.
magram SevardnaZem xelisuflebis SenarCuneba
moaxerxa. cota xniT adre
elcini mas sTavazobda, _ modi, gavyoT
saqarTvelo da dasavleTSi iyos
gamsaxurdia, aRmosavleTSi ki Sen iyavio.
sabednierod, maSin saqarTvelo
amas gadaurCa.
rogor SevZeliT cxovrebis gagrZeleba
am damangreveli omebis Semdeg?
gagrZeleba
saqarTvelo saSineli depresiuli
xdeba. afxazeTi dakargulia, asiaTasobiT
devnilia, romlebsac qveyana
ver uvlis. arc saWmelia, arc sasmeli,
arc sacxovrebeli. saqarTvelo sruli
bankrotia.
ai, es miiRo saqarTvelom SevardnaZis
CamosvliT. ar gamarTlda arc
erTi imedi, rasac qarTveli xalxi
masze amyarebda.
omis Semdeg SevardnaZes xels aRar
aZlevs samxedro mmarTveloba. gamsaxurdia
moklulia, afxazeTis omi
da samoqalaqo omic damTavrebuli.
da iwyebs politikuri dasayrdenis
momzadebas. omis dros sigua da kitovani
gadaayena. jaba isev Zalian
Zlieri figuraa. samoqalaqo omSi
yvelaferi mxedrionis kiserze gadavida.
Tuki afxazeTis omamde ruseTis
mTavari amocana iyo, rom saqarTvelo
ruseTze ufro susti qveyana yofiliyo,
afxazeTis omis dasrulebis
Semdeg faqtobrivad rusebi iwyeben
saqarTvelos mTavrobis daniSvnas.
SevardnaZes im momentSi arafris Secvla
ar SeuZlia. Cveni bedi isev
vake-saburTalos gadasasvlelze
wydeba. uSiSroebis ministri igor
giorgaZe, Sinagan saqmeTa ministri
SoTa kviraia, amas mohyva mogvianebiT
Tavdacvis ministrad vardiko
nadibaiZis daniSvnac. yvela Zalovan
ministrs Tavidan bolomde ruseTi
akontrolebda. parlamentis spikeri
vaxtang goguaZe sul moskovSi
ijda, imitom ki ara, rom agenti iyo,
mas gulwrfelad sjeroda, rom saqarTvelos
xsna mxolod da mxolod
moskovze gadioda.
ase daiwyo axali cxovreba. SevardnaZe
Tavis politikur dasayrdens
moqalaqeTa kavSirSi xedavda, Tumca
giorgi Wanturia, romelic opozicia-
Si iyo, SevardnaZesTan farul molaparakebebs
awarmoebda da mas arwmunebda,
rom dasayrdeni masSi daenaxa.
Wanturia iTxovs, rom SevardnaZem Tavisi
ministrebi gauSvas da mTavroba
edepem daakompleqtos. is axalgazrda
iyo, Zlieri politikuri organizacia
hqonda, arsad ar eCqareboda, Sevard-
cxeli Sokoladi 103
gagrZeleba
naZis prezidentobis vadis amowurvamde
dacdac SeeZlo.
mxedrioni, rusebis mier daniSnuli
Zalovani ministrebi, moqalaqeTa
kavSiri _ SevardnaZes yvela gverdze
unda gaewia da gia Wanturias imedad
yofiliyo. SevardnaZe amas ar da ver
izamda, Tumca Wanturias Tavi dauqnia
da daTanxmda. misi Tanxmoba ki
imas niSnavda, rom Wanturia unda
momkvdariyo. mas gadarCenis Sansi
aRar hqonda, Wanturiam Zalian iCqara
da yvelas erTdroulad daupirispirda.
hqonda Tu ara Wanturias imis potenciali,
rom qveynis bedi sxvanairad
waeyvana, ra politikuri miznebi amo-
Zravebda?
gia Wanturia, rogorc ki xelisuflebaSi
movidoda, yvelas Tavebs
daayrevinebda. ar vici, qveynisTvis
rogori iqneboda, magram misi mtrebi
amas kargad xedavdnen da, pirveli
visac Tavi gaagdebines, es Tavad gia
Wanturia iyo.
erTaderTi Zlieri politikuri
organizacia mas hyavda, Tanac kargi
SeiaraRebac hqonda. magram maSin politikosebs
da politikur partiebs
aravin gaaxarebda. maSin avtomatis da
gangsterebis dro iyo.
Wanturias mkvlelobas sxva gaxmaurebuli
mkvlelobebic mohyva, rogorc
Sen ambob, saqarTvelo gangsteruli
qveyana gaxda. hqonda Tu ara am
mkvlelobebis umravlesobas politikuri
sababi da kavSirSia Tu ara isini
erTmaneTTan?
im dros Cven kanonebi aRar gvqonda
_ arc sabWoTa kavSiris da arc damoukidebeli
saqarTvelosi, es iyo
mgluri kanonebis xana. adamianebi
klavdnen erTmaneTs, da es iyo martivi
da erTaderTi gamosavali.
am mkvlelobebis fonze ki SevardnaZe
Zalauflebas TandaTan imyarebda.
misi mTavari metoqeebi absoluturi
Zalauflebis gzaze mainc igor
giorgaZe da jaba ioseliani iyvnen.
rusebi SevardnaZes ar endobodnen
da alternativasac amzadebdnen _ es
104 cxeli Sokoladi
alternativa igor giorgaZe iyo. mas
rusebma yvelaze brZolisunariani
qvedanayofebi Seuqmnes. avtoritetic
mzardi hqonda. amas SevardnaZe
kargad xedavda.
rodesac giorgaZe moskovSi Cadis,
is saqarTveloSi veRar brundeba.
vaJa lorTqifaniZe, maSindeli saqarTvelos
elCi moskovSi, Tavad
hyveba, rogor mivida igor giorga-
Ze masTan, da SevardnaZes SeuTvala,
rom Semodgomaze TbilisSi Cavidoda
da arCevnebSi daexmareboda. 95 wlis
zafxulia, saparlamento da saprezidento
arCevnebi SemodgomisTvisaa
daniSnuli. es rom vaJa lorTqifaniZem
SevardnaZes gadasca, man upasuxa:
jer mand iyos, ar Camovideso.
giorgaZe ministrad iTvleba, magram
SevardnaZe TbilisSi ar uSvebs... moqalaqeTa
kavSiri Zlierdeba da mxedrioni
nel-nela sustdeba. `jabas
biWebze~ ukve nadirobaa dawyebuli,
mxedrions Sinagan saqmeTa ministri
SoTa kviraia aviwrovebs. SevardnaZem
jaba ioseliansac SeuTvala, rom politikidan
wasuliyo. maT Soris yvela
xidi sabolood Caingra, mtrebi
gaxdnen.
saparlamento arCevnebSi SevardnaZe
moqalaqeTa kavSiris gayvanas
apirebs. qveynis konstitucia TiTqmis
ukve mzadaa xelmosawerad. anu
saxelmwifom raRac elementaruli
funqciebi unda SeiZinos. ra Tqma
unda, es bevrs xels ar aZlevs... mokled,
SevardnaZe unda mokvdes.
gia WanturiaTi daiwyes da saxelmwifos
meTauriT daasrules. rodesac
29 agvistos SevardnaZe konstituciaze
xelis mosawerad midis, mas
manqanaSi afeTqeben. es uSiSroebis da
mxedrionis operacia iyo.
SevardnaZem Tavisi sicocxlis fasad
raRacis gadarCena SeZlo. mas
esmoda konstituciis mniSvneloba da
yvelaferze wavida am dokumentis misaRebad.
jaba ioselianis daWeris Semdeg
SevardnaZe erTpirovnuli mmar-
Tveli xdeba.
parlamentSi ki modis axalgazrda
Taoba, romelic sxvanairad fiqrobs,
da romelic avad Tu kargad
dResac Cveni qveynis xelisufleba-
Sia.
sazogadoebaSi odnavi optimizmi
Cndeba.
konstitucia, baqo-jeihanis milsadeni
da dasavleTis strategiuli
interesebis sferoSi moqceva, laris
SemoReba, ruseTis samxedro bazebis
gayvanaze xelSekrulebis mowera, es
SevardnaZis proeqtebia. 96-97 wlebSi
SevardnaZe absoluturi mmarTvelia
da mas reformebis dawyeba SeuZlia,
Tumca, amis sanacvlod, man iseTi
xalxi Semoikriba, romelic totalur
korufciaSia CarTuli, qveyanac
isev ukan-ukan iwyebs svlas da WaobSi
efloba.
ratom ar fasdeboda qarTveli politikosebis
gadawyvetilebebi vardebis
revoluciamde, cxadia, magram ratom
ar moxda es 2003 wlis mere, ratom
aravin daisaja Cadenili danaSaulebebisTvis?
politikuri kompromisia. Zveli
TeTreulis qeqva aRar moindomes. wesiT,
SevardnaZe unda gasamarTldes,
iseve, rogorc unda Sefasdes gamsaxurdias
mier Cadenili danaSaulic.
ra SegveZlo Segveqmna am 20 wlis
ganmavlobaSi da ra Secdomebi davuSviT
iseTi, ris gamosworebis Sansic
SeiZleba aRarc arasdros gvqondes?
yvelaferi gamsaxurdias damxobiT,
an ufro sworad gamsaxurdias ar-
CeviT daiwyo. Cven ar vicodiT, ras
virCevdiT; maT ki, vinc avirCieT, ar
icodnen, saiT unda waeyvanaT qveyana.
mTeli es wlebi Cven mivdiodiT
arsaiT, saSineli ngreviT da patara
gamonaTebebiT. unda vaRiaroT, rom
drois absoluturi umravlesoba
fuWad davkargeT.
mTeli Cveni erovnuli moZraoba
da TavisuflebisTvis brZola imiT
sruldeba, rom 1995 wels damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos prezidentis
postisTvis erTmaneTs ori komunisti
_ eduard SevardnaZe da jumber
patiaSvili upirispirdeba, da orive
lideri damoukidebeli saqarTvelos
momavalze laparakobs.
arseni roginski:
ruseTSi ar arsebobs politikuri sivrce
gagrZeleba
qmnes organizacia, dRemde yvelani aq
agrZeleben moRvaweobas. ratom moxda
ase? imitom, rom es idea: istoriuli
mexsierebisa da adamianis uflebebis
Serwyma sakmaod sicocxlisunariani
aRmoCnda, da meore _ Cven SevZeliT
struqtura Segveqmna. rusi inteligenciis
cxovreba mainc araformaluria
da ZiriTadad pirad megobrobazea
damyarebuli. Cven ki SevqmeniT organizacia,
romelic wesdebas efuZneba da
magaliTad me, gamgeobis wevrs sakmaod
mzRudavs es wesdeba. vTqvaT, roca
raime gancxadebis gakeTeba gvinda, Tu
ar gaiara gamgeobaze kenWisyra, ise ar
vuSvebT, amasobaSi ki xSirad ramdenime
dRe gvekargeba. magram miuxedavad imisa,
rom mTavari proceduraa, „memorialSi“
aranakleb rols TamaSobs mis
wevrebs Soris piradi megobroba.
rogoria politikuri cxovreba ruseTSi?
ruseTSi, ubralod, ar arsebobs
politikuri cxovreba. bolo sociologiuri
kvlevebiT, putinis reitingi
daeca da is 75 procentia, medvedevisa
ki _ 68 procenti. asea erTwliani
mZime krizisis Semdeg. am ricxvebis
mixedviT xom SegiZliaT warmoidginoT,
ra xdeba ruseTSi? yvela opozi-
ciuri partia damarcxda an gauqmda.
memarjvene ZalTa kavSiri daiSala.
„iablokomac“ unda gadawyvitos, ra
qnas, daiSalos Tu gaagrZelos arseboba.
albaT ar daiSlebian, magram
cxadia, rom axlo perspeqtivaSi politikuri
warmatebis realuri Sansebi
maT ar aqvT. amas ramdenime mizezi
aqvs: ruseTSi saSinlad drakonuli
saarCevno kanonebia, partiebs akrZaluli
aqvT dafinanseba miiRon ucxoeTidan.
ruseTSi ki mTeli biznesi
xelisuflebasTanaa asocirebuli da
xelisuflebazea damokidebuli. Tuki
romelime biznesmeni gabedavs da opoziciur
politikur partias daafinansebs,
Zalian seriozuli problemebi
Seeqmneba. axla ar davasaxeleb, magram
ruseTSi arseboben biznesmenebi, romlebsac
namdvilad undaT winasaarCevnod
daafinanson partiebi, magram ver
bedaven. amas garda, problemebia TviT
partiebSic _ maT cudad aqvT formulirebuli
sakuTari identoba, sanam
parlamentSi iyvnen, Zalian bevri Secdoma
dauSves da popularoba dakarges.
vici, rogorc muSaoben evropeli
politikosebi, sakmaod axlos vicnob
ramdenime germanuli partiis muSaobis
princips. germaniaSi axlaxan damTavrda
arCevnebi da isini ukve momavali
interviu jeimz qarTerTan
106 cxeli Sokoladi
arCevnebisTvis emzadebian, swavloben
mosaxleobis ganwyobebs, mudmivad mu-
Saoben sakuTar Tavze. Tanac, rusuli
kanonmdebloba opoziciur partiebs
ar aZlevs normaluri funqcionirebis
saSualebas. partias, romelsac aqvs 3
procenti, unda hyavdes warmomadgenloba
parlamentSi, imitom rom ruse-
Tis mosaxleobis 3 procenti sami milioni
adamiania. ruseTSi politikuri
brZolisTvis sivrce namdvilad ar
arsebobs da aseT dros opoziciuri
politikuri partiebis rols garkveulwilad
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi
iReben sakuTar Tavze, maT Soris
_ „memorialic“. Cven es arc gvinda,
arc gvainteresebs politika da arc
viciT. xSirad gvekiTxebian, _ ratom
ar ayalibebT partiaso. arada, Cven
maSinve daviRupebiT, imitom rom es
Cveni saqme namdvilad ar aris. Tumca,
mosaxleobis raRac nawili swored am
mxares, politikis mxares aRgviqvams.
dRevandeli xelisufleba, ra Tqma
unda, xvdeba, rom Cven sustebi varT,
da namdvilad ar varT Zlierebi. magram
imis gamo, rom mimdinare ambebze
sul vrefleqsirebT, sul vfiqrobT
da vmoqmedebT, bevr politikur partiaze
ufro Zlierebi vCanvarT. es ki
cota sasaciloa.
ve, rogorc xarisxianad xarjav dros
ojaxis wevrebTan. anu, erTs Caberav
Tu ara, is geubneba, _ Seni dabali
tonebi formaSi veraa, amitomac midi,
ufro meti waivarjiSe. me Tu es ar gavakeTe,
adamianebs im musikas ver movasmenineb,
rac Cemgan modis. saqsofoni
aucileblad `gamcems~, moumzadebeli
rom var....
`santa klausi tenor saqsofonze da
bas klarnetze!~ _ ase wargadginaT 1988
wels, Tqven pirvel koncertze lesTer
bouim. im dRes Tqven TaviT fexebamde
wiTlebSi iyaviT gamowyobili. ra roli
iTamaSa lesTer bouim imaSi, rom Tqven
ufro Rrmad aRgeqvaT musika?
amaze ubralo pasuxi maqvs _ swored
man Camiyvana pirvelad niu iorkSi. ra
Tqma unda, adrec viyavi namyofi iq,
biZaCemTan, magram bouis meSveobiT
pirvelad davukari niu iorkSi. is istoria,
Tqven rom ixsenebT, 31 maiss
moxda detroitis xelovnebis muzeumSi.
me bolo mementSi damamates im
koncerts. lesTers moewona Cemi bgera,
me ki wamdauwum vumeorebdi, _ ra
magari xar meTqi! man miTxra, rom axali
bendis Seqmnaze fiqrobda da Cemi
koordinatebi Caiwera. momdevno wlis
noemberSi ki damireka da niu iorkSi
Casvla mTxova. mSoblebis darwmuneba
momiwia, rom gaveSviT; im dros mxolod
19 wlis viyavi. gamiSves. les-
Teri im dros bruqlinSi, uoSingTon
aveniuze cxovrobda da erTi kviriT
niu-iorkSi Casulma detroitelma
biWma pirvelad vigeme bruqlinuri
cxovrebis gemo. biZaCemi im dros
manheTenze cxovrobda. misi naxvac
movaxerxe. swored man mayidina Cemi
pirveli namdvili instrumenti, Salmer
Mark IV. misi megobrisgan viyideT.
biZaCemi Zalian kmayofli iyo imiT,
rom musikas seriozulad vudgebodi
da amitomac kidev erTxel damabruna
niu iorkSi. siamovnebda Cemi smena.
mokled, lesTers rom davubrundeT,
me mis axal bendSi daviwye dakvra. saocrad
mravalmxrivi musikosi da adamiani
iyo, ara? mis bendebSi sruliad
gansxvavebuli musikosebi ukravdnen.
Cven bendSi basze sisil maqbi ukravda,
dramze _ aw gardacvlili filip uilsoni,
fortepianoze _ donald smiTi,
me da lesTeri ki Casaberebze. es bendi
SemdgomSi New York Organ Ensemble-is
saxelwodebiT cnobili bendis bir-
Tvi iyo. iq ukve amina klod maiersi
ukravda orRanze, jan-pol boreli _
gitaraze, don moie _ dramze da, rac
mTavaria, sTiv ture, frenq leisi da
julian frisTeri _ Casaberebze. sxva-
Ta Soris, 1989 wels filip uilson-
Tan erTad senT-luisSi hiti gvaqvs
Cawerili. swored im dros gavicani
julius hemfili da maSin iyo koncertebze
viRac maRali, xmel-xmeli
kaci rom SevniSne. saqsofonisti rom
iyo, mxarze gadakidebuli CasadebiT
mivxvdi. ubralod modioda da gvismenda.
xma ar amouRia arc erTxel.
lesTers vkiTxe, _ vinaa es kaci meTqi.
man ki momigo, _ frenq louao! kinaRam
gadavirie! frenq lou! mivvardi da
lamis siyvarulis axsna davuwye. ase
daiwyo Cveni TanamSromloba. mokled,
yvelaferi es Cem cxovrebaSi lesTeris
meSveobiT moxda da swored mas-
Tan erTad iaponur DIW-ze Cawerilma
albomebma mimiyvana Cem sadebiuto
albomamde JC on the Set. iciT, kidev ra
viswavle lesTerisgan? moqniloba. man
wamaxalisa sxvadasxva instrumentze
rom damekra da sxvadasxva, gansxvavebuli
saxis bendebTan memuSava. am
tipis moqniloba saSualebas gaZlevs,
gansxvavebul musikalur situaciebs
moergo. magaliTad, aris SemTxvevebi,
rodesac minda, rom ufro ekonomiuri
viyo da amitomac Cem Organ TriosTan
mivdivar turneSi; an, rodesac
saWirod miviCnev, maSin dRevandeli
bendis formatiT vmogzaurob, romelic
Present Tense-ze momuSave bendis
momcro formatia, septetidan kvintetze.
an kidev, e.w. `boSur bendTan~
vmogzaurob xolme; sxvaTa Soris, am
bendTan jango reinhardtis 100 wlis-
Tavze davukravT. aseTi moqniloba
gonebagaxsnils gtovebs. World Saxophone
Quartet-is wevrebs (World Saxophone
Quartet-is originaluri wevrebi
dawyebuli 1977 wlidan iyvnen devid
mari, oliver leiqi, hemieT blueTi da
julius hemfili. hemfilis bendidan
gagrZeleba
wasvlis Semdeg iq bevri sxva saqsofonisti
ukravda. dRes bendis meoTxe wevri
Toni qofia k.T) sakuTari damoukidebeli
proeqtebidan axali energia
da vibraciebi moaqvT bendSi.
sul erTi wuTiT naklebad Tavmdabali
Tu gaxdebiT, rogor fiqrobT, ra axali
arCevanis Semateba moaxerxeT idiomisTvis?
ver vityodi, rom es aucileblad
axalia, magram mgonia, rom mTavari
mainc Tavisuflad darCenis SesaZleblobaa.
Tqven bevri didi musikosisgan gsmeniaT
komplimenti dawyebuli lesTer
bouiT da dasrulebuli sisil TeiloriT.
Tavad Tu gaimetebdiT keTil sityvebs
im damwyebi musikosebis mimarT,
visac SeiZleba Cven jer ar vicnobdeT?
pirveli, vinc TavSi momdis jei-di
alenia, detroiteli saqsofonisti,
romelic axla niu iorkSi cxovrobs.
kidev erTi detroiteli musikosi maxsendeba,
rafaeli hqvia, gvari ar maxsovs.
albaT mxolod am orze SevCerdebi...
da bolos, es Tqveni pirveli koncerti
iqneba TbilisSi. ras eliT dRevandeli
saRamosgan?
musikis karg saRamos. dRevandeli
koncerti ori nawilisgan Sedgeba _
Cemi da markus mileris bendi. igive iyo
wlevandel `fleibois~ jaz kruizze.
marTla mouTmenlad veli dRevandel
saRamos. da iciT kidev raze vocnebob?
_ markusi da me, Cven orive bas klarnetze
vukravT da, ukve ramdenime Tvea,
vsaubrobT SesaZleblobaze, rom erTad
CavweroT albomi _ me, markusma da beni
mofinma; samive bas klarnetze davukravT.
vnaxoT... ho, saintereso musikaluri
saRamo iqneba dRes. Cven didebuli
adamianebi dagvxvdnen aeroportSi;
sxvaTa Soris, ukve karga xania, aeroportebSi
amdeni Jurnalisti erTad
ar minaxavs, mikrofonebs rom giSveren
da SekiTxvebs gisvamen... manqanaSi, sastumrosken
rom mivdiodiT, saintereso
interviu mqonda. mokled, jerjerobiT
yvelaferi kargad midis!
cxeli Sokoladi 107
gagrZeleba
qarTuli kinoindustriis problemebi
nia. CamoTvlili kinoTeatrebidan regularulad
mxolod 10 funqcionirebs. 1992
wels Tbilisis kinoTeatrebi qalaqis municipalitets
miekuTvna, xolo 1994 wels
qveyanaSi arsebuli yvela kinoTeatri
mflobelobaSi gadaeca saaqcio sazogadoeba
„qarTul films“. amis Semdeg saaqcio
sazogadoebis mier zogi kinoTeatri
gaiyida (maT Soris 1909 wels aSenebuli
Tbilisis „apolo“!!!), zogi aRar arsebobs,
zogic gaqiravda, nawilSi dRes restornebi
da sabanketo darbazebia gaxsnili, sxvagan
kidev ra...
kinocentris kinoeqsportis mimarTulebis
TanamSromeli da damoukidebeli
kinoprodiuseri ana ZiapSipa: „kinoTeatrebi
salaroebis Semosavlebs sajarod
ar xsnian. Sesabamisad Zalian rTuli, Ti-
Tqmis SeuZlebelia daiTvalo Tu ra mogebas
iRebs gaqiravebaSi myofi filmi. amis
gamo, ucxoeli patrniorebis ndobac, romlebsac
Tana-prodiuserobis saxiT filmSi
fulis Cadeba surT, iklebs. imitom, rom
mayureblis daswrebis monacemebi misTvisac
xelmiuwvdomeli iyo, reJisori soso
jaWvliani Tavisi filmis seansze („svani“)
kinoTeatrSi Sesul TiToeul mayurebels
iTvlida. is yoveldRe dadioda an agzavnida
warmomadgenels mayureblis raodenobis
Sesamowmeblad“. kinoTeatrebs
ar aqvT ufleba, ar gascen msgavsi tipis
informacia.
filmis gayidvis kidev erTi saSualeba
televiziaa. sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli
erTi srulmetraJiani filmis Cvenebis-
Tvis avtorebs 300 lars uxdis. es Tanxa
cotaTi metia srulmetraJiani filmis-
Tvis saWiro kasetisTvis, romelzec televiziaSi
mitanamde avtorma filmi unda
Caweros.
arc sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisTvis da
arc kerZo telekompaniebisTvis filmwarmoebis
procesSi CarTva ar aris aqtualuri
sakiTxi. bolo wlebSi televiziebis
sakuTari produqcia teleserialebiT da
im dokumenturi filmebis warmoebiT Semoifargleboda,
romelTa avtorebi amave
arxebis Jurnalistebi arian. am mxriv gamonakliss
warmoadgens telekompania `imedis~
CarTva gia aglaZis proeqtSi „gogona
slaididan“ (2009), `rusTavi 2~-is „rac
yvelaze Zalian giyvars“ (pirveli filmi
2008, meore filmi 2009). `rusTavi 2~ da
telekompania „imedi“ aseve dainteresebulebi
arian daviT imedaSvilis proeqtiT
„ocnebis qalaqi“, romelic warmoebis
procesSi imyofeba. orive kompania films
teqnikuri saSualebebiT exmareba da
satelevizio eTeriT filmis gavrcelebasac
uzrunvelyofs. filmebs, romlebsac
uWirT farTo mayureblis mopoveba, saqme
kidev ufro rTulad aqvT. ana ZiapSipas
TqmiT, Tuki raime saxis interesi arakomerciuli
filmebis mimarT adre yofila,
es iyo piradi nacnobobis da kerZo iniciativis
Sedegi. Sesabamisad, aq ar gvaqvs regulirebuli
meqanizmi. saqarTveloSi ar
arsebobs winaswari gayidvebis cnebac, romelic
evropaSi ase damkvidrebulia. telekompania
filmwarmoebaSi dafinansebiT
Sedis da Semdeg produqts sakuTar sae-
Tero badeSi svams. ana ZiapSipa: „evropaSi
TiTqmis arc erTi dokumenturi filmi ar
sruldeba da ar realizdeba televiziebis
Carevis gareSe. qarTuli telekompaniebi
unda mixvdnen, rom mxolod reJisorebs
da filmis avtorebs ar sWirdebaT
maTi am procesSi CarTva: rom es ormxrivi
interesis sferoa. kargi dokumenturi
produqcia televiziisTvisac Zalian momgebiani
iqneba. unda moxdes am ideis swori
formiT lobireba“. lobireba ki sakmaod
kompleqsuri movlenaa: Tbilisis meaTe saerTaSoriso
kinofestivalze ana ZiapSipam
mis mier organizebul dokumenturi filmebis
wardgenis forumze pirveli arxis
direqtori gia Wanturia dapatiJa. stumari
forums ar ewvia, magram anas mainc
sjera, rom Tuki televiziebi msgavs mipatiJebebze
uars ar ityvian, sakiTxiT aucileblad
dainteresdebian da mixvdebian,
rom saqme interesTa gacvlas exeba da ara
fulis maTxovrobas avtorebis mier.
kinowarmoeba ar arsebobs kinodistribuciis
gareSe. saqarTveloSi prodiuser-
Ta umetesoba fuls im biznesSi debs, romelic
dRes wamgebiania. Tumca, finansebs
rom Tavi davaneboT, „realurad kinos
imitom vakeTebT, rom mayureblamde mivides.
distribucia kinoTeatrebSi, igive
dividize filmis dabeWdva an satelevizio
eTerSi Cveneba swored im adamianebamde
filmis mitanaa, visTvisac avtorebi,
wesiT, kinos unda iRebdnen. problemas
warmoadgens calkeuli prodiuserebisa
da saprodiusero kompaniebis Zalebis Se-
Tanxmebulad gamoyenebis da konsolidaciis
ararseboba. isini unda mixvdnen, rom
erTnairi problemebi eqmnebaT. arasdros
minaxavs maTi erTiani iniciativa da saqmis
gamosworebis mcdeloba. vfiqrob, rom Zalian
mniSvnelovania Zalis konsolidacia
da ideebis lobireba“, _ ana ZiapSipa.
municipaluri kinoTeatri
gagrZeleba
Cven qveyanaSi ar arsebobs sivrce, sa-
dac adamianma SeiZleba kino Seiyvaros, sadac
mayurebels, amerikuli blokbasterebis
garda, sxva filmebis naxvis saSualeba
eqneba. aseTi mdgomareoba gansakuTrebiT
mtkivneulia studentebisa da momavali
profesionalebisTvis. erTaderTi
saSualeba, gaecno Tanamedrove kinoSi
mimdinare procesebs da naxo kinoklasika,
internetia. am mxriv, qarTveli kinos
moyvarulebi namdvili memarcxeneebi
arian. rodesac filmebis naxvis sxva gza
ar gaqvs, filmebis Camowera da sxvisTvis
gaziareba, modur enaze rom vTqvaT, moparvis
codvaSi gayenebs. kinomoyvaruli
da kinoqurdi, gnebavT, kinoyaCaRi dRes
saqarTveloSi sinonimebia. es faqti calsaxad
metyvelebs imaze, Tu ramdenad saWiroa
alternatiuli kinosivrcis arseboba,
iseTisa, rogoric magaliTad, municipaluri
kinoTeatria.
municipaluri kino arakomerciuli,
kulturuli instituciaa. municipalur
(igive komunalur) kinoTeatrebs Ziri-
Tadad qalaqis municipalitetebi afinanseben.
evropaSi, umetes SemTxvevaSi,
municipalur kinoebs aqvT sakuTari, damoukidebeli
kinoTeatrebi. gamomdinare
iqidan, rom municipaluri kinos politika
Zireulad gansxvavdeba komerciulisgan,
is ar warmoadgens mis konkurents. evropaSi
municipaluri kinoebis politikaa
„sxvanairi filmebi vaCvenoT sxvanairad“.
„sxvanair filmebSi“ igulisxmeba: filmebi
ara mxolod dasavluri qveynebidan,
dokumenturi, eqsperimentuli da damoukidebeli
kinoproduqcia, uxmo da moklemetraJiani
filmebi, romelTac distribuciis
problemebi aqvT da komerciul
kinoTeatrebSi ar aCveneben. „sxvanairad
Cveneba“ ki niSnavs filmebis originalurad
Cvenebas: originalis enaze, Sesabamis
formatSi da uxmo filmebis SemTxveva-
Si _ Sesabamisi siCqariT da musikaluri
cxeli Sokoladi 109
gagrZeleba
TanxlebiT. ara ise, rogorc komerciul
kinoTeatrebsa da satelevizio eTerSi
aCveneben: sinqronizirebuli TargmaniTa
da Seusabamo formatiT...
saqarTveloSi municipaluri kinoTeatris
funqcionirebis gamocdileba ar
arsebobs. Tumca, misi saWiroeba aSkaraa,
gansakuTrebiT dRes, rodesac qveyanaSi
sabWoTa warsulidan SemorCenili kino-
Teatrebis umetesi nawili ar funqcionirebs,
xolo is, rac moqmedia, komerciul
kinoze aris orientirebuli. mniSvnelovania
is faqtoric, rom komunaluri kinoebi
kargad dagegmili programirebis Sedegad
filmebs garkveul konteqstSi warmoadgenen:
Tematuri an personaluri retrospeqtivebi,
kinos istoriis periodebis amsaxveli
retrospeqtivebi da a.S. filmebis
programireba erTgvar saganmanaTleblo
xasiaTsac atarebs. evropul sistemaSi
filmebis Cvenebebs Tan axlavs moxsenebebi,
diskusiebi an saleqcio kursebi.
evropaSi municipaluri kino kinofestivalebis
organizebis iniciatoradac
gvevlineba an zogjer Tavadvea kinofestivalebis
organizatori. municipaluri
kinoTeatrebisa da maTi qselis SeqmniT
saqarTveloSi gadawydeba lokaluri da
saerTaSoriso festivalebis yovelwliurad
gamarTvis problemac. cnobilia, Tu
rogor uWirT saqarTveloSi kinofestivalebs
arseboba arakomerciuli darbazebis
ararsebobis gamo. sivrcis saTanado mowyobiT
komunalur kinos SeuZlia maspin-
Zloba gauwios ara mxolod kinoCvenebebsa
da festivalebs, aramed videoartebisa
da musikalur festivalebs, aseve fotoeqspoziciebs.
komunaluri kinodarbazi
SeiZleba iqces auditoriad ara mxolod
kinematografistebis, aramed xelovnebis
sxva dargebis warmomadgenlebisTvis da,
rac mTavaria, mayureblebisTvis.
kinoarqivi
filmis sicocxlisunarianoba misi fi-
zikuri mdgomareobis ganuyofeli nawilia.
filmi, pirvel rigSi, Zalian saTuTi
fizikuri obieqtia, romelic movlas sa-
Wiroebs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, is swraf
degradacias eqvemdebareba. qveyanas mxolod
maSin aqvs moraluri ufleba, mdidar
kinematografiul kulturaze ilaparakos,
Tuki sakuTari kinomemkvidreobis
110 cxeli Sokoladi
dacvis garantia aqvs da am garantiis
uzrunvelyofas maqsimalurad cdilobs.
Tu ra kriteriumebiT ganisazRvreba
kulturuli memkvidreoba, xangrZlivi
saubris sagania, Tumca cxadia, rom kulturuli
memkvidreobis obieqtad filmis
da xelovnebis nebismieri sxva nawarmoebis
gadaqceva droiT faqtors ar ukavSirdeba.
Sesabamisad, movlasa da patronobas
iseve saWiroebs filmi, romelic saukunis
dasawyisSi gadaiRes, rogorc filmi,
romelic ekranebze gasul TveSi gamovida.
maTi konservaciis pirobebi ki erTmane-
Tisgan mxolod teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT
gansxvavdeba.
ferad firs aqvs unari, ori Tvis man-
Zilze ise degradirdes, rom sruliad
gamousadegar mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndes.
gamousworeblad savalalo ki is aris,
rom saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos dRemde
ar aqvs an arasworad aqvs gaazrebuli, Tu
ramdenad saTuTia kinofiris buneba da
rom qveynis arqivebSi arsebuli Tu reJisorebis
sawolqveS moTavsebuli absoluturad
yvela filmi yoveldRe 24 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi gafuWebis procesSia.
erovnuli kinematografis ganviTareba
gulisxmobs misi arsebobis SenarCunebas
yvela etapze. aqvs Tu ara filmis Seqmnas
azri maSin, rodesac is imTaviTve gasanadgureblad
aris ganwiruli?
saqarTvelos kulturis, sportisa da
ZeglTa dacvis saministroSi saqarTvelos
kinematografis erovnuli centris
mier „qarTuli kinematografis ganviTarebis
strategiis“ prezentaciis garda,
samomavlo saqmianobis proeqtiT aseve
„qarTuli filmi“ wardga. proeqti kinoarqivis
daarsebasa da filmebis Senaxvis
meTodebs mimoixilavda. „qarTuli filmi“
gegmavs Seqmnas digitaluri sacavi,
rac studiis kinokoleqciis cifrul
formatSi gadatanas gulisxmobs. bevri
adamianisTvis, romelic konservaciis
sakiTxebSi ar erkveva, proeqti SeiZleba
Zalian momxibvleli aRmoCndes. realurad
ki digitaluri sacavis Seqmna pirvel
rigSi saTanado teqnikuri bazis mowyobas
ukavSirdeba, rac did finansebs moiTxovs.
Tumca, evropasa da amerikaSi ar arsebobs
saxelmwifo arqivi, romelic filmebs acifruli
saxiT inaxavdes. digitaluri sacavis
arastabilurobis gamo, is filmebis
konservaciis saSualebas ar warmoadgens.
aramdgradoba Senaxuli masalis mudmiv
migracias moiTxovs. filmebis Senaxvis
yvelaze saimedo gzaa kinofirebis movla
da gafrTxileba. kargad Senaxulma masalam
SeiZleba 500 wels gauZlos.
qarTul kinos uWirs, miuxedavad imisa,
rom ramdenime welia, viTarebas uke-
Tesi piri uCans: weliwadSi minimum or
qarTul films iReben, gaCndnen prodiuserebi,
romelTac imaze meti ician, vidre
90-ian wlebSi gadaRebuli filmebis
titrebSi moxseniebulma axalma profesiulma
erTeulma „prodiuseri“. cotaa
ucxour kinofondebTan TanamSromlobis
da kinoproeqtis ganviTarebis evropuli
standartebis dacvis magaliTebi. distribuciis
sistemis gaumarTaobis gamo, qar-
Tveli prodiuserebi xSirad filantropebis
STabeWdilebas toveben. Tuki isini
kinos biznesad aRiqvamen da mogebis naxvis
survilic aqvT, maSin gaugebaria, ra logikiT
awarmoeben filmebs, roca ician,
rom filmebis distribuciis seqtori Cven
qveyanaSi mouwesrigebelia. aseve gaurkvevelia,
ratom ar SeiZleba moxdes Zalebis
konsolidacia am problemis gadasaWrelad.
reJisorebi ukmayofiloni arian
sagadasaxado sistemiT; TavianT Zvel
filmebs saxlSi karadebSi an sawolebis
qveS inaxaven, imitom rom samarTlianad
ar andoben arqivs an maTi fizikuri arseboba
saerTodac ar axsovT, sanam romelime
festivali retrospeqtivaze ar
miipatiJebs. magram isev da isev, isini ar
erTiandebian da ar erevian problemebis
erToblivad mogvarebis procesSi. qar-
Tveli kinematografistebi daqsaqsulad
moqmedeben da cal-calke awydebian erTsa
da imave sirTuleebs.
dRes ar aris profesiuli mzadyofna
imisaTvis, rom qarTuli kinoindustria
fexze dadges. SiSveli siyvarulis
nacvlad, qarTul kinos yvelaze metad
filmis Seqmnis da gavrcelebis yvela
etapis mcodne profesionalebi sWirdeba,
romlebsac momavalSi ecodinebaT, ra
meTodebiT unda ibrZolon mdgomareobis
gamosasworeblad, ecodinebaT, rom gaxvretili
navidan wylis peSviT amoRebis
da naxvretze fexis dadgmis nacvlad, jobia,
navi SekeTdes da mxolod amis Semdeg
SeuerTdes did naosnobas.
sxvebis qveyana
gagrZeleba
jvarcma. teqnikuri
personali da
dekoracia
sad aqcies, sadac dacvis uflebaayrili,
gamudmebiT braldebulis galiaSi xar
uadvokatod gamoketili. am procesidan
erTaderTi gza, Zneli misaxvedri ar
unda iyos, sadac midis.
3.
saqarTvelo totalur anarqiul dapirispirebaTa,
konfliqtTa `mdidari~
gamis qveynad Camoyalibda. ver vixseneb
sxva iseT qveyanas, sadac erTdroulad
amdeni gansxvavebuli konfliqti mimdinareobdes,
miT umetes iseTi ukiduresad
isteriuli formiT, romelic mxolod
Cven gvaxasiaTebs: politikuri, socialuri,
aRmsareblobiTi, inteleqtualuri,
kulturuli, eTnikuri, separatistuli...
agreTve sagareo-samxedro konfliqti
ruseTTan. TviT yvelaze cxeli aRmosavleTis
konfliqturi qveynebSic ki,
Tu erayel Siitebsa da sunitebs ar CavTvliT,
dapirispirebul mxareebs raRac
mciredi mainc aerTianebT...
21-e saukunis gonebisaTvis Cveulebrivi
logikiT gasageb problemur qveyanaze
metad, Cveni samSoblo raRac bibliuri
babilonis Tanamedrove kavkasiur mizanscenas
ufro waagavs, sadac RmerTma, sxvadasxva
enaze moyayane babilonelebisagan
gansxvavebiT, adamianebi kidev ufro martivi
sisastikiT dasaja _ aq didebulnic
da ubralonic, RvTis moSiSnic da misi
saxelis mgmobelnic _ yvela erT enaze
laparakobs, da mainc araferi esmiT
erTmaneTis, maTi `qalaqi~ RmerTma jojoxeTis
cxra garsis meaTe danamatad
gadaaqcia, sadac mxolod melursmneebi
grZnoben Tavs bednierad, isic imitom,
rom droSi da ganwyobilebebSi wanwalis
Seudarebeli unari aqvT, agreTve qameleonebi
arian da, rogorc erTxel ukve
aRvniSne, maT verc sikvdili amCnevs da
verc sicocxle.
Tumca, me-19 saukunidan moyolebuli
fotografiis, mogvianebiT ki kinematografis
wyalobiT, maTi dokumenturad dadasturebuli
vizualuri kvali mdidarma
arqivebma mainc Semogvinaxa. am arqivebis
gamoyeneba sazogadoebis yvelaze mZimed
daavadebuli nawilis, axali Taobis politikosebis
mkurnalobisaTvis garkveuli
meTodis SemuSavebis Semdeg, Cemi azriT,
savsebiT realuria. audio-vizualuri Te-
rapiis meTodi ki Zalian martivad, TiTqmis
borjes-kubrikis „meqanikuri forToxlis~
mixedviT SeiZleba Seiqmnas, mxolod
cxadia, `aleqsis~ nacvlad iZulebiT kinoseansze
gakoWilebi qarTveli Tanamedrove
politikuri da inteleqtuali paranoebi
unda davsvaT, da ZaliT vayurebinoT
specialurad SerCeuli arqivebi, dokumenturi
da mxatvruli filmebi, Zveli
satelevizio gadacemebi.unda vayurebinoT
sakuTar „vinteij~ video anareklebi,
movasmeninoT sakuTari xma warsulidan,
sakuTari primitiuli ideebi, xumrobebi,
propaganda... vuCvenoT sabWoTa xelisuflebis
udidesi warmatebebi 1917 wlis
revoluciis 20 wlis Tavze: iseve rogorc
dRes, ssrk-s dangrevidan oci wlis Tavze,
maSinac daaxloebiT igive warmatebebiT
iwonebda qveyana Tavs: qveynis eleqtrofikaciiT,
pirveli sabWoTa traqtorebiT,
bavSvTa saxlebiT, axali sanatoriumebiT,
parkebiT, karuselebiT, Caisa da Tambaqos
plantaciebiT...
es yvelaferi marTlac ar arsebobda
revoluciamde. Tumca avadmyofebs gamudmebiT
unda SevaxsenoT, rom es 1937
welia, didi represiebis weli... rodesac
adamianis uflebebze fiqric ki sikvdiliT
isjeboda.msoflioc, sayovelTao
teqnologiuri progresis fonze, yvelaze
barbarosuli omisaTvis emzadeboda.
1923 wels benito musolinim msoflio-
Si pirveli Cqarosnuli avtobanis mSenebloba
daiwyo italiaSi. mas adolf hitlermac
mibaZa 1938-Si…
yvelani erTnairad saubrobdnen saku-
Tar warmatebebze. germaneli da italieli
faSistebic da sabWoTa komunistebic,
Cveni gulubryvilo axalgazrda
politikosebisaTvis Zalian sasargeblo
iqneboda, moesminaT am adamianebis mier
warmoTqmuli daaxloebiT igive frazebi
sakuTar warmatebebze, romlebiTac
dRes TviTon 21-e saukunis progresistebi
qarTvel mosaxleobas esaubrebian:
avtobanebze, bednier bavSvobaze, mSenebare
obieqtebze, gare da Sida mtrebze.
omis ganuwyvetel realur saSiSroebaze,
samxedro-patriotul aRzrdaze…
teqnologiuri da garkveuli saxis socialuri
progresi tiraniis damaxasiaTebeli
Semadgeneli detalebi, Tu gnebavT
lursmnebia. maSin msoflio marTlac
gagrZeleba
yvelaze sazareli omisaken mieqaneboda
duCesa da hitleris aSenebuli Cqarosnuli
avtobanebiT, da mogexsenebaT, Zalian
swrafadac miaRwia kidec.
tiranebs gulwrfelad uyvarT Tavian-
Ti samSoblo. isini energias, saxsrebs, da
gansakuTrebiT adamianebis sicocxles
ar iSureben misi `keTildReobisaTvis~,
msxverplSewirvis idea maT epoqis, politikuri
Sexedulebebis miuxedavad, aucileblad
aerTianebT.
isini Tvlian, rom mosaxleoba iyofa
or nawilad: mSromel da muyaiT adamianebad,
da zarmac parazitebad. zarmacebi
unda gaisrison!
zarmacebisa da parazitebis kategorias
ki Tavad adgenen: bolSevikebisaTvis
es burJuebi da kulakebi iyvnen, nacistebisaTvis
ebraelebi, xeibrebi, boSebi,
homoebi... es yvela kategoria Tavisi arsiT
gaWrili vaSliviT waagavs erTmaneTs.
radgan yovelTvis moiZebneba iseTi socialuri
kategoria, romelic sazogadoebis
muyaiT nawils tvirTad awveba zurgze.
saqarTveloSi dRes arsebobs aseTi
kategoriebi da es SemaZrwunebelia.
rom SemeZlos, sabWoTa qronikebis iZulebiTi
CvenebiTa da mosmeniT me maT vai-
Zulebdi, sakuTari Tavis identifikacia
moexdinaT maTive winaprebTan, vaiZulebdi
Tavidan moeSorebinaT es gulubryvilo
idea, sakuTari Tavis izolirebisa
Cveni saerTo sastiki wiTeli istoriuli
warsulidan, Sevecdebodi ganmekurna
sxva drosa da sivrceSi gadasaxlebis infantiluri
obsesiisagan, radgan sakuTar
warsulSi sakuTari Tavis identificirebis
unarsmoklebuli Taoba, verasodes
ver SeZlebs axal epoqasTan identificirebas.
is yovelTvis acdenili iqneba
realobas: radgan warsuli iseTive
droa, rogorc awmyo da momavali. misi
gamocalkeveba da mtvrian Taroze Semodeba
metafizikurad arRvevs samyaros,
romelSic cxovrob, da mas SeuZlebels
xdis.
am Taobis samyaros erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
nawili ki saqarTveloa, romelic
maT arc metad ekuTvniT da arc naklebad,
iseve, rogorc am miwaze dabadebul
nebismier sxva adamians: nebismieri erovnebisa
da religiis, nebismier seqsualuri
orientaciis, Tu gnebavT, ukve karga
cxeli Sokoladi 113
gagrZeleba
xnis win mkvdars, gamqrals da aseve jer
kidev ar dabadebul adamians... maT Soris,
Capaevis sindromiT Sepyrobil 30iani
wlebis kulturis komisrebsac, maT
Tanamedrove sozebsac da cotaTi _ mec.
sxva xelovani melursmneebic aqtiurad
fusfusebdnen am dReebSi, gansakuTrebiT
amaswindeli quTaisuri Big Bang-is, da
TavianTi kolegis, berZeniSvilis Tavs
siurprizad damtydari ubedurebis gamo.
uceb aRmoaCines, rom `memoriali mainc
uSno iyo da salaparakod arc Rirs, rom
jobia daRupul deda-Svilze vitiroT~.
saerTod, Zalian adamianurebi aRmoCndnen,
mxolod TavianTi TanamoZme
berZeniSvilisTvis misamZimreba arc ufiqriaT,
etyoba emociuri Sokisagan daaviwydaT,
rom Svilis sikvdili, viRacis
vulgaruli azriT, „xeibarisa da Seuxedavisac~
ki, tragediaa.
es yvelaferi xandaxan gacocxlebul
fantastikas emsgavseba da meCveneba. rom
qarTveli melursmneebi male `ideologiur
esTetiur policias~ Seqmnian, romelic
gamoavlens `saeWvo ideologiis~
kulturis Zeglebs, wignebs, naxatebs da
adgilze gaanadgurebs maT.
meCveneba, rom fantomi melursmneebi
bejiTad axorcieleben cxadSi, rei bredberis
`farengeiti 451°~-s, yovel SemTxvevaSi
`saeWvo ideologia-esTetikis~
Semcveli namuSevrebis gamovlenisaTvis
didi enTuziazmiT moRvaweoben, rom mere
gverdiT gadgnen da profesionalebs
dauTmon asparezi: profesional piroman
mexanZreebsa da amfeTqeblebs ki ra dalevs
saqarTveloSi.
warmomidgenia, ra siamovnebiT aafe-
Tqebdnen pikasos gernikas, mis mtredebs
makratliT frTebs daaWridnen, dawvavdnen
bunuelis, eizenSteinis firebs, sartrs,
maiakovskis, andre bretons, lui
aragons, miwasTan gaasworebdnen korbuzies
arqiteqturas _ isini xom yvelani
komunistebi, anu `saeWvo ideologiis~
matarebelni iyvnen.
me piradad saqarTveloSi da Tbilis-
Si aRmarTuli cxeniani mefeebi, saerTod
qandakebebis da miT umetes biustebis
umetesoba sulac ar momwons, vaxtang
gorgaslis, daviT aRmaSeneblis Zeglebis,
aseve vakis parkSi `stefen kingis~
personaJebis kompleqsis CaTvliT. miT
114 cxeli Sokoladi
umetes, Tavad axali modern arqiteqturisa
da monumenturi xelovnebis iseTi
`saeWvo~ nimuSebi, rogoric aris magali-
Tad oqros mamali meriis win, oqros sawmisiani
medea baTumSi an oqros promeTe.
alievis memorialzec ar vgiJdebi mainca
da mainc, ase mgonia, demokratiuli moZme
azerbaijanis did Svils, geidar alieviC
alievs Savi oqros memoriali, `benzokalonka~
ufro mouxdeboda.
Cveni saxlebis, Cveni mSoblebis, sasaflaoebze
Cveni bebiebis da babuebis qandakebebian
da marmariloze kalkirebul
fotoebian `araCveulebriv gamofenebze~
aRarafers vambob... avafeTqoT, traqtorebi
gadavataroT vakisa da saburTalos
Tvaluwvdenel sasaflaoebs. da iq prestiJuli
gamWvirvale sacxovrebeli ubani
davaproeqtebinoT niderlandel arqiteqtorebs.
beverli hilze ufro magari.
kukia movaasfaltoT da kavkaz-disnei
gavxsnaT, xolo muxianSi axali las vegasi
avaSenoT da ofSorul zonad gamovacxadoT...
safrangeTSi, meore frontis regionebSi,
normandiis, kales yvela sofel-
Si dgas memoriali, zogi iseTi saSinelebaa,
masTan SedarebiT berZeniSvilis
afeTqebuli namuSevari siqstis kapelad
mogeCvenebaT, magram gabedeT da TiTi
daakareT romelime maTgans, miT umetes
administraciuli Senobis agebis preteqstiT.
mere ra, Tu viRacisaTvis quTaisis memoriali
`saeWvo esTetikisa~ iyo... mere
ra... memoriali saflavis qvaa. saflavis
qvebi ki yovelTvis uSnoa, da maT amis
gamo ar afeTqeben. maxsovrobas ar afe-
Tqeben. is TavisTavad bunebrivad umtkivneulod
ixsneba, zavdeba droSi. (mémorial,
memoir, maxsovroba).
sul raRac ori Tvis win safrange-
Tis sazogadoebrivi arxis `frans 2~-is
dakveTiT frangma dokumentalistebma,
izabel klarkma da daniel kostelma
gadaiRes yvelaze grandiozuli dokumenturi
filmi meore msoflio omis
Sesaxeb, saTauriT `apokalifsi~. es aris
eqvsi filmisagan Semdgari 52-wuTiani
dokumenturi filmebis seria, romelic
namdvil movlenad gadaiqca dasavlur
arxebze. ramdenime dRis win erTma Cemma
rusma megobarma damidastura, rom am
filmis naxviT meore msoflio omis Sesaxeb
mTeli misi warmodgena Seicvala,
rom yvelaferi rac leningradSi skolaSi
aswavles, Tavdayira dadga, rom am
omSi yvelas Tanabrada aqvs monawileoba
miRebuli. rom iyo keTili mxare da boroti,
anu germania Tavisi mokavSireebiT.
da rom saamayoa, rodesac keTili mxaris
siaSi udavod xar, radgan es utyuari
dasturia Seni erovnuli istoriuli moralisa.
am keTil mxareSi sakuTari rolis unikalurobis
gazviadebas dRemde yvela
qveyana cdilobs, isinic ki, visac principSi
satrabaxo bevri araferi aqvT.
magaliTad safrangeTi eqvswliani kolaboraciis
Semdeg saqarTveloze naklebi
adamianuri danakargiT dRes rogorc
gamarjvebuli qveyana gaero-s uSiSroebis
sabWos wevria. gamarjvebulTa am
absoluturad usamarTlo klubis meore
wevri aseve gamarjvebuli ruseTia, romelsac
Cveni teritoriebis 25 procenti
aqvs okupirebuli, agreTve Cveni mfarveli
amerika, britaneTi... isini ruseTs
verafers eubnebian, rodesac is okupirebuli
teritoriebidan damkvirveblebs
panCuris kvriT agdebs. arc aris gasakviri,
ra Tqma unda, yofili TanamebrZolebi
arian, erTmaneTis solidarulni... maT
xom omi moiges!...
Cven ki, ratomRac, sakuTari surviliT
gamovdivarT am `keTilTa~ klubidan da
raRac gaugebar pasiur mdgomarebaSi
viyenebT Tavs baltiis qveynebiviT, romlebsac
Tavisi sruliad gansxvavebuli
istoriuli pozicia da morali aqvT am
omTan dakavSirebiT.
me meamayeba, rom qarTvelebs, Cem uaxloes
ojaxis wevrebs imdenive investicia
aqvT Cadebuli evropis ganTavisuflebaSi,
ramdenic britanelebs,
amerikelebs, rusebs. Tumca ar vTvli,
rom magaliTad frangebs, an britanelebs
Cemi raime marTebT, piriqiT, maT iseve
daicves saqarTvelo, rogorc qarTvelebma
isini. qarTveli politikosebisa da
inteleqtualTa didi nawilis mosmenis
Sedegad xSirad iseTi STabeWdileba meqmneba,
rom sabWoTa skolaSi an universitetSi
swavlis Semdeg istoriis wigni
aRar gadauSliaT. rom axal Taobas an
saerTod ar aswavlian istorias, an sa
WoTa wignebiT aswavlian, radgan Cveni
sakuTari istoriis umniSvnelovanesi
furceli absoluturad gawiTlebuli
davtoveT, da daviviwyeT.
Cven ki ubralod ganze vdgebiT am saerTo
istoriidan, da Cven damsaxurebas
sxvebs vCuqniT. Tavad ki, stalinis eTnikuri
warmomavlobis gamo, mxolod bodi-
Sebs vuxdiT msoflios.
gaero-s uSiSroebis sabWos imdenive
sisxli marTebs qarTvelebisa, ramdenic
rusebis. Cven ki TiTqos gvrcxvenia am
omSi monawileobis.
vin icis, berZeniSvilis monumentis
adgilze, parlamentis nacvlad, iqneb
rafika
gagrZeleba
_ vicodi, rame rom geqneboda Senaxuli,
_ kidev erTxel ar vapatie
safosto markis ambavi.
_ berZnuli anbani rogor Seiqmna,
patara da didi asoebi erTad Camoyalibda?
_ Cemi avtoritetis aRiarebiT
daiwyo rafikam.
_ ara, ra Tqma unda. Seiqmna erTi
berZnuli anbani da es iyo is, rasac
axla mTavrul anu did asoebs veZaxiT.
laTinuric ase iyo, kirilicac,
qarTulic da somxuric. mxolod
saukuneebis Semdeg swrafi werisas
Camoyalibda patara asoebi, _ akademiurad
da kompetenturad Camovayalibe
fonetikuri anbanuri sistemis
ganviTarebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
WeSmariteba me.
_ qarTulis SemTxvevaSi es nusxuria
anu xucuri? _ cbierad ikiTxa
rafikam.
_ ki batono, _ vaRiare sakiTxSi
misi Caxeduloba me.
_ berZnebma, romaelebma, slavebma,
somxebma es didi da patara, mTavruli
da nusxuri asoebi ikmares da
Tqven ratom ar gaCerdiT, axali mxedruli
ratom SeqmeniT? _ rogorc
iqna „damajaxa“ Tavisi mTavari Seki-
Txva-argumenti rafikam.
_ aseTi dauokebeli xalxi varT da
imitom, _ arc ise damajereblad vupasuxe
me.
_ ara, levanjan. ara axperjan. mxedruli
imitom SeqmeniT, rom mTavruli
mesropis naCuqari iyo da nusxuri
misgan ganviTarebuli, mxedruli
ki sakuTriv Tqveni Semoqmedebaa, is
ukve aravis da arafers ar hgavs, ra
Tqma unda kuTxovani nusxuridan
momdinareobs, magram TaRovan-rkalovania,
mas sul sxva grafikuli filosofia
udevs safuZvlad, mokled,
somxurs aRar hgavs: Tqven Tqveni
axali mxedruli anbaniT mokaliT
mesrop maStoci TqvenSi, Tqven uari
TqviT mis saCuqarze. is ambavi, rom
Tqven axali anbani SeqmeniT, CemTvis
sakmarisi argumentia mesropis mier
qarTuli mTavruli anbanis Seqmnis
hipoTezis dasamtkiceblad.
_ SenTan didi bodiSi, axper rafikajan,
magram Tqven Tu aseTi utyua-
116 cxeli Sokoladi
ri argumentebiT amtkicebT xolme
samecniero Tezebs, mose xorenacisa
da koriuns Rirseuli cvla gaCeniaT,
verafers ver ityvi, _ davuwune
finaluri argumenti me.
_ me Cveni istorikosebis mjera, _
uyoymanod ganacxada rafikam.
_ me Cveni istorikosebis mjera, _
ar movicvale fexi mec.
_ sad gyavT istorikosebi, Tqven
xom poetebis qveyana xarT? _ bebia-
Cemis, ivlita beraias terminiT rom
vTqva, „ironia gamikeTa“ rafikam.
_ poeti kacisgan poetebis ironiulad
moxsenieba gamkvirvebia. qarTveli
poetebi Tu ar mogwonT, rusTavels
ras gadaekideT? xelebi Sors
rusTavelisgan! _ visrole, rogorc
iqna, dRis lozungi.
_ me rusTavelis somxobaze arasodes
milaparakia, egec qarTvelebis
mofiqrebuli provokaciaa da somxebis
mier sulelurad atacebuli.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, am saqmeSi, sul
cota, dediT qarTveli niko maris
xeli urevia. ise rusTavelisgan
Tqvenc karga Sors xarT, rogorc
samarTlianad gamxilaT astafievma.
_ apapapa, astafievi da rusebi ar
gvinda, _ Seicxada miSa poliakovma,
_ viqtor astafievs rac rusebze da
somxebze aqvs naTqvami, ar gamaxsenebinoT,
kargi araferi iqneba.
_ ὣς οἵ γ’ ἀμ ί ον ά ον Ἕκ ορος ἱ ο
άμοιο , Так погребали они конеборного
Гектора тело, `ase dakrZales cxenebis
momTvinierebeli heqtoris gvami~, _
ganacxada vadim iankovma da „iliadas“
dasasruliT xazi gausva kavkasiuri
debatebis pirveli raundis
finals. me ki gamaxsenda roman miminoSviliseuli
Targmani, „ase dakrZales
im dRes heqtor, gmiri mxedari“,
arada, ramdenime disertacia mainc
arsebobs, romlebSic xazgasmulia,
ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs „iliadas“
ukanasknel striqonSi heqtoris moxseniebas
(am poemis pirveli striqoni
aqilevsiT da misi risxviT iwyeba),
Tanac swored „cxenebis momTviniereblad“
moxseniebas.
1986 wlis noemberSi rafikam banakis
sasjeli moixada da gadasaxle-
baSi waiyvanes. banakis wesebis mixedviT,
patimari gaTavisuflebamde ori
TviT adre Tmebs mouSvebda xolme,
„moSveba“ Zalian „xmamaRali“ sityvaa
am SemTxvevaSi, sruli „boqsidan“ or
TveSi didi Tma aravis amosdioda,
aravis, rafikas garda. erTi Tvis Tavze
rafikas Zalian didi Tma amouvida,
imdenad didi, rom iseTi erTi
patara scena gaTamaSda klub-sasadiloSi,
arkadi raikins SeSurdeboda.
swored rafikas Tmebze da, zogadad,
kavkasiuri Tmis safarze vlaparakobdiT
sadilis dros, rodesac
sasadiloSi nasvami kontroliori
trifonovi SemoiWra da mTeli xmiT
daiRriala:
_ Снять головные уборы! _ noemberi
idga da bevrs exura qudi, magram
yvelam moixada, maT Soris, ra Tqma
unda, rafikamac: gaTavisuflebis
win, Tundac gadasaxlebaSi gamgzavrebis
win patimari gansakuTrebiT
frTxili xdeba da rafika xom manamdec
ar iyo TavzexelaRebuli.
_ Сними папаху, Папаян! _ SesZaxa
trifonovma da roca mTeli banaki
siciliT daixoca, TviTonac sicili
autyda da saboloo daskvnac gamoacxo:
_ Вот х... ё... твою мать, у этих армяндемократов
даже волосы по-другому
растут.
_ swored amaze unda davwero sadoqtoro
disertacia, „demokratiis
roli Tmis zrdis daCqarebis saqme-
Si“, _ ganacxada rafikam („daCqareba“
_ ускорение gorbaCovis epoqis erTerTi
mTavari sityva iyo „glasnost-
Tan“ da „perestroikasTan“ erTad).
_ „somxur Tavze demokratiis
roli Tmis zrdis daCqarebis saqmeSi“,
_ Tavazianad Seuswora joni
laSqaraSvilma da Cemze miuTiTa, _
qarTul Tavs, rogorc xedav, verc
demokratia Svelis, _ da mxolod
qarTvelebisTvis gasagebi frazac
daamata, _ Cveni xom WianWvelac ar
varga.
rafael papaiani somxeTis parlamentSi
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
komitets xelmZRvanelobda. amJamad
somxeTis sakonstitucio sasa-
gagrZeleba
marTlos mosamarTlea. tradiciul
xSir Tmas wver-ulvaSic miumata da
Zalian soliduri ieri miiRo. rogorc
avtorma dawera didi wigni
„Tanamedrove samarTlis qristianuli
fesvebi“ (Христианские корни
современного права), gamoaqveyna
statia lotmanis krebulSi; moskovSi
gamomcemloba „iunipres sk“ gamosca
misi Targmanebis krebuli „XX
saukunis somxuri poezia. rCeuli
gverdebi“, masSi 16 poetis Targmani
Sevida ovanes TumanianiT dawyebuli
akop movsesiT damTavrebuli. papaianis
SesavalSi weria, _ am poetebis
Targmna maTma siyvarulma gadamawyvetinao.
sxvaTa Soris, rafael
papaiani mTargmnelTa sakmaod mcirericxovan
jgufs miekuTvneba, romelsac
ormxrivad Targmna SeuZlia:
gagrZeleba
lad iohan galtungis cnobil termins
_ `struqturul Zaladobas~ waagavs.
bevri Tanamedrove socialuri
mecnieris azriT, Zaladobis mTavari
mizezi sazogadoebaSi arsebuli
uTanasworobaa; uTanasworoba _ erovnul,
eTnikur, sqesobriv, rasobriv,
seqsualur, religiur Tu sxva niadagzea.
aris kidev erTi faqtori, romelsac
praqtikulad aRaravin axsenebs
_ es aris klasi. 21-e saukuneSi,
mienstrim mediis Tanaxmad, TiTqos
klasobrivi problema aRar aris da
TiTqos Raribi da Rataki adamianebi
ar arseboben. amas ara mxolod ultramemarjvene
konservatiuli presa
wers, aramed zomierad progresuli,
liberaluri gamocemebic. JiJekis,
badios, ransieris, agambenis da bevri
maTi Tanamedroves kritikas verc
liberaluri New York Times, Washington
Post uZleben.
liberalizmis erT-erTi udidesi
miRwevaa me-20 saukunis meore naxevar-
Si umciresobaTa uflebebis dacvis
saqmeSi momxdari pozitiuri cvlilebebi.
magram, umciresobebis uflebebis
dacvisas neoliberalur elitas
TiTqos umravlesoba daaviwyda.
yvelaze didi Cagruli masa, es aris
klasobrivi ierarqiis yvelaze qveda
safexurze mdgomi adamianebi. sworedac
rom es `xelSeuxebelTa~ kastaa
dRes mTavari problema _ magram maT
Sesaxeb liberalur presaSi bevrad
naklebs gaigebT, vidre sxvadasxva um-
ciresobis Sesaxeb. anu 21-e saukuneSi,
liberalur diskursSi `identobis politikam~
klasobrivi sakiTxi praqtikulad
mTlianad gamoaZeva sasaubro
enidan. cxadia, identobis politikas
metad legitimuri adgili aqvs socialur
mecnierebebSi da sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi, magram klasobrivi sakiTxis
amgvari ugulebelyofa dRevandeli
neo-liberalebis sasargeblod ar
metyvelebs.
Tanamedrove neoliberaluri modeli
dRevandelobis udidesi moazrovneebis
mxridan udidesi kritikis
cecxlqveSaa. miliardobiT Rataki
adamianis sicocxle dRes kiTxvis niSnis
qveS dgas da neoliberaluri institutebi
am gamowvevas adekvaturad
ver pasuxoben.
amerikis samoqalaqo uflebebis mo-
Zraobis erT-erTma yvelaze Tvalsa-
Cino warmomadgenelma 60-ian wlebSi,
malkolm X-ma Tavis droze aseT ram
Tqva: rasizmis sistemasTan brZolaSi
xandaxan liberal melas konservatori
mgeli mirCevniao.
Tanamedrove transnacionalur
korporatiul samyaroSi orive, konservatorica
da liberalic im sistemas
emsaxureba, romelsac JiJeki `sistemur
Zalmomreobas~ uwodebs. Tumca
21-e saukuneSi jerjerobiT kargad
gamokveTili alternativa ar Cans. am
alternativaze fiqri da laparaki sakmao
marginalizaciis riskTanac aris
dakavSirebuli. Tumca, am bolo xane-
www.shokoladi.ge
bSi gamoikveTa adamianTa jgufi, romelic
usityvod ar iRebs socialuri
darvinizmis dogmebs. es garkveuli
progresis niSania Cven sazogadoebaSi.
Tumca jer kidev didi gzaa gasavleli
WeSmariti memarcxene azrovnebis damkvidrebamde
im garemoSi, sadac jer
kidev Sejibria, vin ufro reaqciul
da memarjvene platformas airCevs.
sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevis Semdeg
qarTveli neoliberalebis mxridan
xSirad gamigia mosazreba pinoCetis
Sesaxeb, romelic mas `gmirad~ da `aRmSeneblad~
acxadebda. generali pino-
Ceti araerTi qarTveli neoliberali
politikosisa Tu politologisaTvis
naTeli wertili iyo; CemTvis ki piriqiT,
gmiri is xalxi iyo, vinc mas
ebrZoda da is prokurori, vinc mas
pasuxi agebina.
liberalur azrovnebas, ra Tqma
unda, Rirsebebic aqvs. erT-erTi ase-
Ti Rirseba sworedac rom damoukidebeli
marTlmsajulebis sistemaa, is
sistema, romelmac neoliberaluri
oligarqiis interesebis damcveli pinoCeti
sabolood mainc marTlmsajulebis
winaSe daayena. igive daemarTa
perus arCeul `neoliberal~ diqtators
alberto fuximoris, romelic
sakuTar uSiSroebis ministrTan er-
Tad axla sasjels ixdis. liberaluri
sistemis pirobebSi Temida mainc saku-
Tar adgilas dgas da mxolod `koRos~
rolSi ar aris.
es uTuod liberalizmis Rirsebaa.
literaturuli kafe `qaravani~
warmogidgenT:
1 Tebervali, orSabaTi, 19 saaTi
poet zviad ratianis leqsebis
axali krebulis `negativis~ prezentacia
8 Tebervali, orSabaTi, 19 saaTi
Sexvedra poet diana anfimiadisTan
22 Tebervali, orSabaTi, 19 saaTi
Sexvedra zurab qarumiZesTan
literatura da musika
literaturuli kafe `qaravani~, mis.: furcelaZis 10
misamarTi: abanos q. N 3
radio „nacnobi“ gepatiJebaT
klubSi „nacnobi“
tradiciuli qarTuli samzareulo
cocxali musika
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