msoflmxedvelobrivi azrovneba saqarTveloSi da sruliad saqarTvelos
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1. Sesavali<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani, rogorc sasruli gonieri<br />

arseba, cxovrobs samyaroSi, romelic<br />

usasruloa yoveli mimarTebiT;<br />

am samyaros TiToeul nawilSi, ragind<br />

umniSvneloc un<strong>da</strong> gveCvenebodes igi,<br />

aisaxeba mTelis kanonzomiereba. amdenad,<br />

yvelaferi yvelaferSia. amis yvelaze<br />

TvalsaCino nimuSia Tavad a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />

amitom Zvelma berZenma moazrovneebma<br />

mas mikrokosmosi uwodes. amgvari <strong>da</strong>Sveba<br />

kacobriobis mecnieruli <strong>da</strong> <strong>msoflmxedvelobrivi</strong><br />

azrovnebis mravalsaukunovan<br />

gamocdilebas emyareba. TavisTavad<br />

aq araviTari siZnele ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos: a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavisi sasruli gonebiT<br />

ikvlevs usasrulo samyaros <strong>da</strong> misi<br />

nebismieri warmatebis SemTxvevaSic, es<br />

kvleva usasrulod grZeldeba, radgan<br />

nebismieri konkretuli problemis<br />

warmatebiT axsna axal problemaTa<br />

rigs warmoSobs, rogorc aucilebels<br />

ukve axsnilis ukeT gasagebad. es problemebi<br />

aqamde ar Candnen kvlevis horizontze.<br />

amitom sokrates Semdeg imeoreben<br />

mis sityvebs, rom codnis zr<strong>da</strong><br />

arcodnis zr<strong>da</strong>caa,e.i. imis gagebaa,rom<br />

imaze gacilebiT meti ram ar gvcodnia,<br />

vidre aqamde gvegona. siZnelis sruli<br />

gacnobiereba gviCvenebs, rom a<strong>da</strong>mians,<br />

cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT, SeuZlia<br />

Seimecnos <strong>da</strong> imoqmedos mxolod rogorc<br />

msoflmxedvelobis mqonem. mas<br />

raRac un<strong>da</strong> swamdes an<strong>da</strong> ar swamdes,<br />

61<br />

guram TevzaZe<br />

<strong>msoflmxedvelobrivi</strong> <strong>azrovneba</strong> <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

misi uwmidesoba <strong>da</strong> unetaresoba ilia II<br />

an<strong>da</strong> skeptikosi iyos <strong>da</strong> fiqrobdes,<br />

rom a<strong>da</strong>miani ueWvelobiT verafers<br />

ver <strong>da</strong>adgens. TiToeul amgvar pozicias<br />

aqvs arsebobis ufleba <strong>da</strong> amave<br />

dros _ Tavisi ga<strong>da</strong>ulaxavi siZneleebi,<br />

romlebic sapirispiro poziciis aseTsave<br />

uflebaze miuTiTebs. es ki imas<br />

niSnavs, rom usasrulo samyaroSi, usasrulo<br />

siZneleTa winaSe mdgomma a<strong>da</strong>mianma<br />

sakuTari pozicia un<strong>da</strong> airCios<br />

ise, rom mas sruli mecnieruli an<strong>da</strong><br />

praqtikuli garantia Tavisi amorCeulis<br />

sisworisa arasdros eqneba. igi<br />

irCevs sakuTari riskiT <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgebelic<br />

Tavad aris am arCevanze.<br />

ase irCev<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> irCevs a<strong>da</strong>miani msoflmxedvelobas,rogorc<br />

Tavis ZiriTad<br />

orientirs sazogadoebasa <strong>da</strong> samyaroSi.<br />

am procesSi codnisa <strong>da</strong> gamocdilebis<br />

gverdiT udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Tavad<br />

pirovnebas, mis interesebs. amitom<br />

ambob<strong>da</strong> didi germaneli filosofosi<br />

i.g. fixte (1762_1814): `ra filosofias<br />

airCevs a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia imaze,<br />

Tu ra a<strong>da</strong>miania igi~.<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c TiToeuli a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavad<br />

irCevs msoflmxedvelobas, es msoflmxedvelobani<br />

iseve gansxvavdebian<br />

erTmaneTisagan, rogorc maTi amomrCeveli<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi. magram es araa TviTneburi<br />

arCevani, radgan yvela irCevs<br />

mas, rogorc sayovelTao sazoms, rogorc<br />

TavisTvis, ise sxvebisaTvis.<br />

ragind gaunaTlebeli an<strong>da</strong> egoisti

iyos a<strong>da</strong>miani, Tavis arCevans igi imaze<br />

miTiTebiT amarTlebs, rom qveyana asea<br />

mowyobili, an<strong>da</strong>, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis buneba<br />

aseTia <strong>da</strong> sxvebi Tu amas ar aRiareben,<br />

ubralod gulwrfelni ar arian.<br />

am <strong>da</strong>SvebiT TiToeuli a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavs<br />

saerTod kacobriobis warmomadgenlad<br />

cnobs [2, 10].<br />

imis mixedviT, Tu a<strong>da</strong>mianis romeli<br />

interesia misi arCevanis ganmsazRvreli,<br />

(warmosaxviTi, <strong>da</strong>sabuTebiTi Tu rwmeniTi)<br />

msoflmxedvelobani SeiZleba sam<br />

tipad <strong>da</strong>iyos: miTologiuri, filosofiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> religiuri. nebismieri tipi<br />

Seicavs sxvebs, rogorc <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebul<br />

elementebs [3, 397_402].<br />

Tanamedrove <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>msoflmxedvelobrivi</strong><br />

<strong>azrovneba</strong> mimdinareobs<br />

yovlismomcveli sekularizaciisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> globalizaciis pirobebSi. es<br />

axal <strong>da</strong>matebiT, specifikur siZneleebs<br />

qmnis Cveni qveynisaTvis, romelsac<br />

faqtobrivad ukiduresad aTeisturi<br />

sabWoTa reJimis xangrZlivi batonobis<br />

tvirTi awevs.<br />

qarTulma orTodoqsulma eklesiam<br />

qveynis Tavisuflebis miRebis Semdeg<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo sakuTari konstituciuri <strong>da</strong><br />

istoriuli uflebebis aRdgena. amas,<br />

bunebrivad, <strong>da</strong>emata sxva konfesiebis<br />

aqtivoba. globalizaciis politikis<br />

garduvalobis gacnobiereba qveyanaSi<br />

im siRrmisa ar aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

religiis <strong>da</strong> nacionalobis saerTosamomavlo<br />

interesebi gamoevlinebina<br />

<strong>da</strong> ama Tu im eris interesebi qveynis<br />

interesebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>eqvemdebarebina.<br />

samwuxarod, maT, vinc racionalur <strong>da</strong><br />

realur safuZvlebs eZebdnen qveynis<br />

<strong>da</strong> erovnebaTa TviTmyofobis ga<strong>da</strong>sar-<br />

Cenad, <strong>da</strong>upirispirdnen nacionalizmis<br />

apologetebi. meore mxriv, saerTa-<br />

Soriso valdebulebebi, romelTa Sesruleba<br />

uaRresad aucilebelia Cveni<br />

qveynisaTvis ase saWiro <strong>da</strong>xmarebis<br />

misaRebad <strong>da</strong>savleTis saxelmwifoebi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

<strong>da</strong>matebiT siZneleebs uqmnis mTavrobas.<br />

<strong>da</strong>bolos, un<strong>da</strong> mieTiTos yvela<br />

62<br />

sxvis momcvel <strong>da</strong> yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />

problemaze, romelic qveynisagan<br />

droebiT gamoyofili teritoriebis _<br />

afxazeTis <strong>da</strong> cxinvalis regionis <strong>da</strong>brunebas<br />

exeba.<br />

<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> yvela aRniSnuli<br />

problemis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad, maTi mravalnairi<br />

gamovlinebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

iqneba es moraluri Tu politikuri,<br />

materialuri, ekonomikuri Tu iuridiuli,<br />

saxelmwifos konstituciuri<br />

xelmZRvanelobis gverdiT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

gziTa <strong>da</strong> saSualebiT <strong>da</strong>xmarebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

samarTlis misaRwevad mimarTaven erT<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians _ es aris <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, misi uwmidesoba<br />

<strong>da</strong> unetaresoba ilia meore.<br />

2007 weli uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia II aRsaydrebis 30-e welia.<br />

gulwrfelad mjera: <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />

yvela gonieri <strong>da</strong> gulwrfeli a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

Tvlis, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi,<br />

romelic ga<strong>da</strong>tvirTuli iyo qveynisaTvis<br />

cnobili tragikuli movlenebiT,<br />

uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi ilia II<br />

naxulob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> naxulobs problemebis<br />

maqsimalurad SesaZlebel optimalur<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas. es exeba ara mxolod im<br />

sakiTxebs, romlebic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia<br />

qarTul orTodoqsul eklesiasTan, aramed<br />

saerTod <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> religiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> moraluri Rirebulebebis arsebobasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong> maTi Sinaarsis gaSinaganebasTan.<br />

amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT winamdebare<br />

statiaSi or sakiTxs ganvixilav:<br />

1. kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II <strong>da</strong><br />

codnisa <strong>da</strong> rwmenis mimarTebis is gza,<br />

romelic <strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSenebelma (1073_<br />

1125) <strong>da</strong>afuZna <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />

2. Semwynareblobis, ara rogorc<br />

mowyalebis, saCuqris an<strong>da</strong> TanagrZnobis,<br />

aramed, rogorc yvela a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

sulis Sinagani erTianobis <strong>da</strong> Tanasworobis<br />

gamomxatvelis gageba.<br />

misi uwmidesobis, ilia II mraval<br />

Tanamedroves hqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> aqvs bedniereba<br />

masTan piradi mimarTebisa, rac mniS-

vnelovanwilad gansazRvravs am a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

saqmianobas <strong>da</strong> keTilismyoflad<br />

moqmedebs maTze. saWirod mimaCnia oriode<br />

viTareba gavixseno,romelTac Seu-<br />

ZliaT garkveuli aspeqtiT mianiSnon<br />

mis rolsa <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelobaze <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />

sulier RirebulebaTa Sesaxeb<br />

sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis<br />

procesSi.<br />

30 wlis win, roca <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis<br />

sakiTxi idga, erTi SexedviT religiisadmi<br />

saerTod, <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT<br />

qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi<br />

keTilganwyobili guSindeli<br />

`mebrZoli aTeistebi~ rogorc partiasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mTavrobaSi, aseve sazogadoebis<br />

garkveul nawilSi mniSvnelovan<br />

winaaRmdegobas waawydnen. manamde es<br />

sakiTxi, SeiZleba iTqvas, problemas ar<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. qveynis kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />

ubralod niSnavdnen partiis<br />

miTiTebiT. 1977 wlis arCevnebis dros<br />

ki sazogadoebis azris Cveuli ugulebelyofa<br />

aRar SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>. upirveles<br />

kandi<strong>da</strong>tad mitropoliti ilia moiazrebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

axalgazr<strong>da</strong>, ganaTlebuli,<br />

sanimuSo zneobis <strong>da</strong> biografiis mqone<br />

sulieri meufisagan didi umravlesoba<br />

mTavrobaSi <strong>da</strong> partiaSi religiasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebis araoficialurad mimdinare<br />

procesis oficialur <strong>da</strong>kanonebas<br />

xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>. meufe ilia am dros ukve<br />

10 weli cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi<br />

iyo. misi <strong>da</strong> mis TanamoazreTa zneobrivi<br />

gavlenis wvlili didi iyo<br />

imaSi, rom <strong>da</strong>dga dro, roca mravali<br />

raikomis mdivani <strong>da</strong> partkomi gulis<br />

jibeSi partbileTs <strong>da</strong> gulze jvars<br />

atareb<strong>da</strong>. zogierTi `gabeduli~ maT<br />

Soris, mavanisadmi piradi ndobis niSnad,<br />

sakinZesac gaixsni<strong>da</strong>. arc imis gaxseneba<br />

aviwydebo<strong>da</strong>, rom misi mama, biZa<br />

Tu babua mRvdeli iyo <strong>da</strong> amas aqamde<br />

malav<strong>da</strong>. amasTanave, isini intensiurad<br />

avrcelebdnen im ambavs,rom II msoflio<br />

omis Semdeg stalinsac neba miucia<br />

kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrate cincaZisaTvis<br />

(1866_1952), sikvdilis Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi misi sulisTvis paraklisi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>exa<strong>da</strong>. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, partiaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> mTavrobaSi cota ar iyvnen iseTebi,<br />

romlebic miiCnevdnen, rom eklesiisaTvis<br />

amgvari <strong>da</strong>Tmoba mxolod droebiTi<br />

taqtikuri svla iyo, risTvisac male<br />

moekiTxebo<strong>da</strong>T imaT, vinc saTanadod<br />

ver afaseb<strong>da</strong> `mebrZoli materializmis~<br />

Sesaxeb leninis naTel pozicias.<br />

kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa SerCeva umaRles doneze<br />

gasaidumloebuli iyo, magram mainc<br />

cnobili gax<strong>da</strong> erT-erTi maRali partiuli<br />

muSakis pozicia: `rac uaresia<br />

– miT ukeTesia~, e.i. rac ufro uaresi<br />

iqneba(mecnierulad <strong>da</strong> zneobrivad)<br />

momavali patriarqi, miT ukeTesia partiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifosaTvis. es xalxi<br />

xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>, rom Sesaferisi kandi<strong>da</strong>tis<br />

arCevis SemTxvevaSi Seiqmnebo<strong>da</strong> didmniSvnelovani<br />

RirebulebiTi centri,<br />

romelic `RmerTisa <strong>da</strong> siyvarulis gareSe<br />

<strong>da</strong>Rlili~ (misi uwmidesobis sityvebia)<br />

<strong>da</strong> dezorientirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

sayrdenad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceo<strong>da</strong> WeSmariti<br />

zneobrivi Rirebulebebis ZiebaSi. Sei-<br />

Zleba iTqvas, rom mitropolit ilias<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />

arCeva <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> sazogadoebrivi<br />

azris pirveli didi oficialuri<br />

gamarjveba iyo.<br />

am didmniSvnelovani faqtis sasikeTo<br />

Sedegebi male <strong>da</strong>etyo <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />

msoflmxedvelobiT <strong>azrovneba</strong>s<br />

saerTod <strong>da</strong>, kerZod, _ mecnierebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> religiis mimarTebas. gaadvil<strong>da</strong><br />

Teologiur problemebze obieqturi<br />

sajaro msjelobebi, `saeWvo~ avtorTa<br />

qarTuli Targmanebis gamocema. 1988<br />

wels TbilisSi <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong> sasuliero<br />

akademia, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

am saqmis organizatori <strong>da</strong> akademiis<br />

mudmivi mzrunvelia. 1998 wels<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mecnierebaTa akademiasTan<br />

TanamSromlobis Sedegad uwmidesma<br />

<strong>da</strong> unetaresma ilia II <strong>da</strong>amtkica `debuleba<br />

<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> saRvTismetyvelo<br />

mecnierebis <strong>da</strong>rgSi umaRlesi kvalifi-<br />

63

64<br />

kaciis kadrebis momzadebis Sesaxeb~.<br />

misi locva-kurTxeviT <strong>da</strong> monawileobiT<br />

gamodis saRvTismetyvelo Jurnalebi,<br />

krebulebi, imarTeba saerTa-<br />

Soriso konferenciebi <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />

es procesi sasikeTod Semexo mec,<br />

rac araerTxel aRminiSnavs rogorc<br />

Cvens, ise ucxoeTis presaSi. saqme exebo<strong>da</strong><br />

didi germaneli filosofosis, m.<br />

haidegeris mTavari naSromis _ `yofiereba<br />

<strong>da</strong> dro~ _ qarTuli Targmanis<br />

gamocemas. am naSromis Cemi Targmani<br />

prof. T. buaCiZis re<strong>da</strong>qciiT ramdenime<br />

weli ido sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gamomcemlobaSi.<br />

yvela mpirdebo<strong>da</strong> gamocemas, magram<br />

<strong>da</strong>yovnebis namdvil mizezs aravin<br />

meubnebo<strong>da</strong>, kerZod imas, rom am wignis<br />

Targmani jer rusulad gamoqveynebuli<br />

ar iyo. es wigni ilia II mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT<br />

gamoica. amis Sesaxeb madlobiT<br />

aRvniSne kantis VII saerTaSoriso kongresisaTvis<br />

wardgenil moxsenebaSi<br />

_ `kanti aTeistis moralis SesaZleblobis<br />

Sesaxeb (namdvili Semwynareblobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>fuZnebisaTvis)~ [4, 712]. sanam<br />

Targmanis mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras gamoTqvam<strong>da</strong>,<br />

uwmidesma <strong>da</strong> unetaresma gamonaxa<br />

dro CemTan sasaubrod. saqme is iyo,<br />

rom zogierTi, patriarqis garemocvi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

haidegeris mravalricxovan mowinaaRmdegeTa<br />

gavleniT,mis filosofias<br />

aTeisturad Tvli<strong>da</strong>. es zerele Sexeduleba<br />

sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo rogorc<br />

socialisturi banakis qveynebSi,<br />

ise <strong>da</strong>savleTSi: k. iaspersi (1883_1969)<br />

<strong>da</strong> g. marseli (1889_1973) religiuri<br />

egzistencializmis, xolo m. haidegeri<br />

(1889_1976) <strong>da</strong> J. p. sartri (1905_1980)<br />

aTeisturi egzistencializmis <strong>da</strong>mcvelebad<br />

iTvlebodnen [5, 295]. patriarqs<br />

sur<strong>da</strong> gaego, rogor vafasebdi me,<br />

rogorc mTargmneli <strong>da</strong> mkvlevari haidegeris<br />

pozicias. haidegeris, rogorc<br />

yoveli didi moazrovnis Sesaxeb mravali<br />

urTierTgamomricxveli Sexeduleba<br />

arsebob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> arsebobs. mraval<br />

maTgans u<strong>da</strong>vod aqvs safuZveli Tavad<br />

haidegeris urTules naazrevSi. me Sevecade<br />

meCvenebina haidegerze gavrcelebuli<br />

zogi Sexedulebis usafuZvloba.<br />

Cans, es mTlad <strong>da</strong>majereblad<br />

ver movaxerxe, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />

1972 wlis Tavis interviuSi haidegeri<br />

erTmniSvnelovnad acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom misi<br />

filosofia aris `RmerTis lodini~ [5,<br />

430]. misma uwmidesobam <strong>da</strong>misva kiTxva,<br />

romelSic naTlad Can<strong>da</strong> misi, rogorc<br />

didi erovnuli moRvawis, mTavari orientiri:<br />

sWirdeba Tu ara am wignis qar-<br />

Tuli Targmanis gamoqveyneba qarTul<br />

kulturas? <strong>da</strong>debiTi pasuxi misTvis<br />

naTeli iyo <strong>da</strong> amisaTvis mimiwvia sasaubrod.<br />

wigni 1989 wels, haidegeris<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebi<strong>da</strong>n 100 wlisTavze gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong>,<br />

sul 300 egzemplari, romelic ufasod<br />

<strong>da</strong>urig<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>interesebul pirebs <strong>da</strong><br />

uwyebebs. erTi egzemplari meskirxSi,<br />

haidegeris muzeumSi devs. adgilobrivma<br />

gazeTma es aRniSna weriliT: `<br />

haidegeris muzeumis Zvirfasi SenaZeni~<br />

[9, 2].<br />

§1. codnisa <strong>da</strong> rwmenis mimarTebis<br />

sakiTxi.<br />

es problema yoveli <strong>msoflmxedvelobrivi</strong><br />

azrovnebisaTvis ZiriTadia.<br />

cnobilia, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis istoria mis<br />

mier Tavisufali arCevanis faqtiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo, rac Sinaarsobrivad rwmenas-<br />

Tan codnis konfliqts warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

amiT bibliaSi genialurad ganzogad<strong>da</strong><br />

istoriis mizanic: codnisa <strong>da</strong> rwmenis<br />

erTianobis, rogorc maT Soris<br />

harmoniis, aRdgena. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c RmerTi<br />

Tavad gaiazreba rogorc absoluturi<br />

codnis mqone, misgan sasjeli codnisaken<br />

miswrafebis gamo ki ar iyo, aramed<br />

imitom, rom rogorc giorgi mer-<br />

Cule usvam<strong>da</strong> xazs, `a<strong>da</strong>m Wama xili igi,<br />

romel arRa mwife iyo~ [6, 130].<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis, rogorc sasrulo<br />

gonieri arsebisaTvis, romelsac Tavisi<br />

ganviTarebis nebismier doneze<br />

samyaroSi sakuTari arsebobis rac<br />

SeiZleba saimedo garantireba surs,

saboloo mizani mu<strong>da</strong>m misi gonebis<br />

SesaZleblobis miRma dgas. masTan<br />

miaxloeba <strong>da</strong>usrulebeli procesia.<br />

meore mxriv, a<strong>da</strong>miani imiT gansxvavdeba<br />

cxovelisagan, rom man aucileblad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gaakeTos <strong>da</strong>skvna sakuTari marad<br />

SezRuduli codni<strong>da</strong>n saboloo mizanze,<br />

e.i.saerTod samyaros raobaze <strong>da</strong><br />

sakuTari cxovrebis sazrisze. cxadia,<br />

Tavad amgvari miznis arseboba <strong>da</strong> mas-<br />

Tan miaxloebis procesi gonebis gareSe<br />

SeuZlebelia.<br />

didma Teologebma <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT<br />

basili kapadokielma naTlad<br />

uCvenes,rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis Tavisufali<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis unaris uaryofa codnisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> rwmenis mimarTebis problemis<br />

axsna ki ara, ubralod moxsna iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />

[10, 148]. dionise areopagelis saxeliT<br />

cnobilma avtorma (V s.) zRvruli sicxadiT<br />

miuCina sakuTari sfero rogorc<br />

codnas, ise rwmenas. isini erTmaneTs ki<br />

ar zRu<strong>da</strong>ven, aramed avseben rogorc<br />

msoflmxedvelobisaTvis aucilebeli<br />

unarebi <strong>da</strong> maTi <strong>da</strong>pirispireba Tavisebur<br />

antinomias qmnis, sa<strong>da</strong>c mowinaaRmdegis<br />

uarmyofeli mxare Zalauneburad<br />

uCvenebs misi arsebobis uflebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> Rirebulebas [8, 7]. amis safuZveli<br />

naTeli gaxdeba imaze miTiTebiT, rom<br />

nebismieri rwmena SeuZlebelia Cemi<br />

rwmena iyos, Tu me gacnobierebuli ara<br />

maqvs <strong>da</strong> raRac doneze ar vici, Tu ratom<br />

mwams igi, ratom vayeneb mas sxva<br />

rwmenebze maRla <strong>da</strong> ratom ar vTvli<br />

saWirod argumentebs mis <strong>da</strong>sasabuTeblad.<br />

meore mxriv, nebismieri codna,<br />

empiriuli iqneba igi, aprioruli Tu<br />

intuitiuri, Tavisi ueWvelobis pirobad<br />

miuTiTebs imaze, rac codnis gareTaa<br />

<strong>da</strong>, saboloo angariSiT, emyareba<br />

<strong>da</strong>usabuTebad <strong>da</strong>Svebas, romelic raime<br />

saxis rwmenis arCevis saxes iRebs.<br />

rwmena, rogorc grZnobebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli,<br />

<strong>da</strong>usabuTebeli <strong>da</strong> xSirad<br />

<strong>da</strong>usabuTebadi mindoba raimesadmi,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis bunebrivi mdgomareobaa. a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

xom bavSvobi<strong>da</strong>nve miiswrafis<br />

65<br />

mfarvelisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mcvelisaken? rac Seexeba<br />

aTeizms, igi mxolod zr<strong>da</strong>sruli<br />

<strong>da</strong> moazrovne a<strong>da</strong>mianis mdgomareoba<br />

SeiZleba iyos. es maSin xdeba, roca<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani bunebisa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari Tavis<br />

kanonebis garkveul codnas flobs<br />

<strong>da</strong> naCqarev <strong>da</strong>skvnas akeTebs, rom mas,<br />

diaxac, SeuZlia arseboba Seucnobadi<br />

mSvelelis <strong>da</strong> mfarvelis gareSe [4,<br />

712]. axali filosofiis ganviTarebis<br />

pirvel etapze am poziciis Sedegi iyo<br />

ganmanaTleblobis epoqa, romelsac<br />

kantma `sakuTari arasrulwlovanebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamosvla~ uwo<strong>da</strong>. igi mecnierebis<br />

warmatebebiT imedmocemuli ver xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong><br />

sakuTari gonebis SesaZleblobis<br />

sazRvrebs, ramac krizisSi Seiyvana<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleTis filosofia <strong>da</strong> saWiro<br />

gax<strong>da</strong> rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> codnis sazRvrebis<br />

kidev erTxel (sokratesa <strong>da</strong> areopagelis<br />

Semdeg) naTeli gamijvna.<br />

dRes yvela aRiarebs, rom aTeisturi<br />

sazogadoebis agebis uzarmazarma<br />

eqsperimentma(sabWoTa kavSirsa <strong>da</strong> socialisturi<br />

banakis qveynebSi) sruli<br />

kraxi ganica<strong>da</strong>. misi gameorebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acilebis erTaderTi qmediTi saSualebaa<br />

WeSmariti Semwynarebloba, romelic<br />

Tanamedrove mowinave msoflios<br />

azrovnebis <strong>da</strong> politikis erT-erTi<br />

qvakuTxedia.<br />

XX s-is erT-erTma udidesma filosofosma<br />

<strong>da</strong> cnobilma fizikosma a.n.<br />

uaithedma (1861_1947) Tavis wignSi _<br />

`ideaTa Tavga<strong>da</strong>savali~ specialurad<br />

gamoikvlia rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> codnis,rogorc<br />

mecnierebis <strong>da</strong> religiis, konfliqtebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> uCvena, rom TiToeul SemTxvevaSi<br />

konfliqtis safuZveli iyo sakuTari<br />

kompetenciis sazRvrebis ga<strong>da</strong>laxva an<br />

sasuliero xelisuflebis, an<strong>da</strong> mecnierebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa mier. amis<br />

Teoriuli safuZveli iyo Zireulad<br />

mc<strong>da</strong>ri debuleba,rom mecniereba gamoricxavs<br />

religias. es saukuneebis man-<br />

Zilze upirispirdebo<strong>da</strong> did moazrovneTa<br />

WeSmarit pozicias, romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c<br />

mcodne ufro morwmune xdeba

(moSe maimonide, pier abeliari, frensis<br />

bekoni <strong>da</strong> sxvani) [10, 261,278]. dRes<br />

sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom rwmena<br />

<strong>da</strong> codna, maTi gansxvavebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad,<br />

aucilebelni arian erTmaneTisaTvis,<br />

radgan isini erTmaneTis funqcias ver<br />

Seasruleben. codnis funqciis mimTvisebeli<br />

morwmune, rogorc pier abeliari<br />

ambob<strong>da</strong>, `brmaa <strong>da</strong> brmaTa winamZRoli~.<br />

xolo rwmenis mniSvnelobis<br />

uarmyofeli codna, Tun<strong>da</strong>c ukiduresi<br />

empiristuli iyos, ver xe<strong>da</strong>vs, rom mis<br />

pozicias saboloo sayrdenad oden rwmeniTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>Sveba aqvs imisa, rom empiria<br />

Cveni Semecnebis erTaderTi safuZveli<br />

<strong>da</strong> sayrdenia.<br />

am <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis dros gaugebrobani<br />

xSirad imazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, rom<br />

rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> codnis cnebebi erTmniSvnelovnad<br />

ar ixmareba. rwmena aris<br />

yoveldRiuri, sayofacxovrebo, aseve<br />

mecnieruli <strong>da</strong> hipoTeturi. rwmenis<br />

umaRles formad un<strong>da</strong> CaiTvalos religiuri<br />

rwmena,romlis specifikis gamosaxatavad<br />

qristianobis apologet<br />

tertulianes (<strong>da</strong>axl. 160_230) miaweren<br />

debulebas: `mwams, radgan absurdia~.<br />

absurds igi, maSindeli filosofiuri<br />

tradiciis Sesabamisad, uwodeb<strong>da</strong> debulebas,<br />

romelic, formalur-logikuri<br />

TvalsazrisiT, sakuTar TavSi Seicavs<br />

winaaRmdegobas: arsi ararsi<strong>da</strong>n Seiqmna,<br />

sameba erTarsebaa, RvTismSobeli<br />

qalwulia, konkretuli <strong>da</strong> e.i. sasruli<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani – qriste aris RmerTi, e.i.<br />

66<br />

usasrulo <strong>da</strong> sxva. <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi mecnierul<br />

codnas, berZnuli filosofiis<br />

saxiT, radikalurad <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong><br />

qristianuli religia, romelic logikurze<br />

maRla mdgomi RmerTis ueWvelobas<br />

amtkiceb<strong>da</strong>. magram ara yvela didma<br />

Teologma male <strong>da</strong>inaxa <strong>da</strong>masabuTebeli<br />

codnis saWiroeba (mag., klement<br />

aleqsandrieli, 150_215) <strong>da</strong> Sua saukuneebs<br />

aucilebel amocanad ga<strong>da</strong>sca am<br />

problemis saTanado gaazreba. am dros<br />

rogorc codnis, ise rwmenisaTvis sayuradRebo<br />

Teoriebi Seiqmna(dionise areopageli,<br />

ioane filoponosi, ioane <strong>da</strong>maskeli,<br />

anselm kenterberieli <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />

maT rigs miekuTvnebian ioane petriwi<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSenebeli. am ukanasknelTa<br />

poziciis SesaniSnav gamgrZelebels<br />

<strong>da</strong> ganmaviTarebels vxe<strong>da</strong>vT uwmidesis<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebebSi <strong>da</strong> mis praqtikul moRvaweobaSi.<br />

<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> yvela didi saeklesio<br />

moRvawe codnisa <strong>da</strong> rwmenis<br />

mimarTebis am xazs agrZeleb<strong>da</strong>. ilia<br />

II Tavisi Sinagani sikeTisa <strong>da</strong> sibrZnis<br />

safuZvelze didi sifrTxiliT<br />

<strong>da</strong> xelovnebiT anviTarebs pozicias,<br />

romlis ZiriTadi mizania, rom absoluturi<br />

WeSmaritebisaken mimaval or<br />

gzas _ codnasa <strong>da</strong> rwmenas erTmane-<br />

Tisgan <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli funqciebi ara<br />

marto ar <strong>da</strong>ekargos, aramed arc Seez-<br />

Rudos. xalxTan (ara marto marTlmadidebel<br />

qristianebTan) gaucxoebis<br />

asacileblad, uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi<br />

ilia II emyareba im cnobil princips,<br />

rom ar arsebobs codva, romlis gamosyidva<br />

ar SeiZlebodes gulwrfeli<br />

monaniebiT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, rogorc<br />

`maRalTa Tavm<strong>da</strong>blobas~ (qalbatoni<br />

ana kalan<strong>da</strong>Zis sityvebia) sCvevia, igi<br />

ucodveli maswavleblis rolSi ki ar<br />

gamodis, romelic sxvebs uCvenebs gzas,<br />

aramed xSirad usvams xazs, rom Tavad<br />

igi yvelaze codvilia, rom yvela a<strong>da</strong>mianma,<br />

ragind amaRlebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

igi,un<strong>da</strong> icodes,rom masSicaa sikeTisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> borotebis mudmivi brZola <strong>da</strong> yvelas<br />

cxovreba sikeTis gamarjvebis gza<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rogorc RmerTisaken mudmivi<br />

amaRleba, `mu<strong>da</strong>m sakuTar Tavze maRla~<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgoma, rogorc grigol noseli<br />

(<strong>da</strong>axl. 335_394) mouwodeb<strong>da</strong>. swored am<br />

viTarebas akavSireb<strong>da</strong> kanti WeSmarit<br />

tolerantobasTan <strong>da</strong> swored amitom<br />

moiTxov<strong>da</strong> igi Semwynareblobis urwmunoebze<br />

gavrcelebas. es Tavisufali<br />

<strong>da</strong> gulwrfeli partnioroba kacobriobis<br />

sakeTildReod Tanamedrove<br />

<strong>msoflmxedvelobrivi</strong> azrovnebis<br />

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebe-

lia. evropuli azrovnebis saukeTeso<br />

tradiciebic amaze miuTiTebs. es mizani<br />

amoZraveb<strong>da</strong> ganaTlebul <strong>da</strong> znekeTil<br />

romis paps _ benediqte XIV (1675_1758),<br />

roca mimoweras awarmoeb<strong>da</strong> Tavis did<br />

TanamedrovesTan m. fr. volterTan<br />

(1694_1778), romelic mowinaaRmdegeebis<br />

mier udides aTeistad iyo CaTvlili,<br />

sinamdvileSi ki <strong>da</strong>savleTis kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiis praqtikas akritikeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mas papze aranakleb aintereseb<strong>da</strong><br />

WeSmariti rwmenis bedi. igive iyo<br />

mizani benediqte XVI (maSin kardinali<br />

i. ratcingeri) dialogisa XX s-<br />

is udides filosofosTan, i. habermas-<br />

Tan, e.w. <strong>da</strong>savluri marqsizmis cnobil<br />

warmomadgenelTan. habermasi aRiareb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom igi `religiurad aramusikaluria~.<br />

magram man, mravalTa gasaocrad,<br />

is debuleba <strong>da</strong>icva, rom religia sekularul<br />

saxelmwifoSi warsulis naS-<br />

Ti ki araa, aramed `filosofiisaTvis<br />

cnebiT doneze~ gamowvevas warmoadgens<br />

[10,10]. <strong>da</strong> amitom i. ratcingerTan<br />

Tavisi saubari 2004 w. mniSvnelovnad<br />

CaTvala. oriveni msgavs Sedegebamde<br />

mividnen: Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa qcevaTa <strong>da</strong> motivTa gagebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT saWiroa filosofiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> religiis dialogi.<br />

§ 2. Semwynarebloba rogorc a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

urTierTmimarTebis arsebiTi forma.<br />

am kardinaluri mniSvnelobis mqone<br />

sakiTxis analizisas yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong><br />

gvaxsovdes is milionobiT gulwrfeli<br />

morwmune, romelmac SeiZleba werakiTxva<br />

ar icodes, magram rwmenis arss<br />

SesaniSnavad xe<strong>da</strong>vdes <strong>da</strong> Tavis praqtikul<br />

saxelmZRvanelod miiCnevdes.<br />

kacobriobis istoriaSi yvelaze<br />

didi racionalisti, romelic cdilob<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>esabuTebina, rom saerTod arsebuli<br />

an logikuria, an masze <strong>da</strong>iyvaneba,<br />

Tavisi Ziebebis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi naTlad<br />

gamokveT<strong>da</strong> erTmaneTisagan rwmenisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> codnis bunebas. 24 wlis hegeli<br />

67<br />

(1770_1831) wer<strong>da</strong>: `roca me vambob, rom<br />

esa Tu is a<strong>da</strong>miani religiuria, es ar<br />

niSnavs, rom mas religiis didi codna<br />

aqvs. es imas niSnavs, rom misi guli<br />

grZnobs RvTaebis siZlieres mis saqmeebSi,<br />

igi cnobs <strong>da</strong> xe<strong>da</strong>vs RmerTs Tavis<br />

bunebaSi,a<strong>da</strong>mianTa bedSi, igi eTayvaneba<br />

mas,madlobelia misi <strong>da</strong> adidebs<br />

mas Tavisi saqmeebiT. igi afasebs Tavis<br />

moqmedebas ara mxolod imis mixedviT,<br />

kargi <strong>da</strong> gonivrulia Tu ara igi, aramed<br />

xSirad ufro met mniSvnelobas<br />

imas aniWebs, aris Tu ara es RvTisTvis<br />

saTno <strong>da</strong> misi mamoZravebeli RmerTisgan<br />

momdinareobs Tu ara~ [2, 14]. `religia<br />

gulis saqmea~ [2, 17].<br />

aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi morwmuneTa birTvs<br />

Seadgenen <strong>da</strong> maTgan imis moTxovna,<br />

rom mecnieruli Semecnebis safexurebi<br />

gaiaron,sanam rwmenas miaRweven,araa<br />

gamarTlebuli arc zneobrivad <strong>da</strong> arc<br />

Teoriulad. uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

sasaxelod un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom mas-<br />

Tan, petriwisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSeneblis<br />

msgavsad, acilebulia berZnuli neoplatonizmis<br />

inteleqtualizmi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

RmerTisaken mecnieruli, SemecnebiTi<br />

gza erTaderTad <strong>da</strong> Seucvlelad aris<br />

miCneuli. misTvis es gza mxolod erTerTia,romelic<br />

Tavisi SedegebiT ki ar<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba,aramed aZlierebs RvTis<br />

uSualo wyalobis gagebas. `uTqoi sityuais~<br />

(petriwi) winaSe krZalviT Se-<br />

Cerebuli mecnieruli xedvis gareSe<br />

nebismieri religia, SesaZlebelia, magiad<br />

<strong>da</strong> wyalobis gamoZalvis mcdelobad<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>iqces, rac zneobasa <strong>da</strong> religiasTan<br />

kavSirs gamoricxavs.<br />

es problema uSualod ukavSirdeba<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa RvTis winaSe Tanasworobis<br />

princips. igia kantis kategoriuli<br />

imperativis WeSmariti Sinaarsi. namdvili<br />

Semwynareblobac am principis<br />

specifikuri gamoxatulebaa. maTi saboloo<br />

safuZveli is rwmenaa, rom yvela<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani, raRacnairad aucilebel<br />

<strong>da</strong> specifikur Rirebulebas flobs<br />

RmerTisaTvis. amis gacnobierebis gamo

iyo, rom didi germaneli mistikosi,<br />

maister ekharti (1260_1327) arwmuneb<strong>da</strong><br />

msmenelebs, rom marto a<strong>da</strong>miani ki ar<br />

eZebs RmerTs, aramed RmerTic eZebs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians. es pozicia arsebiTia yvela<br />

namdvili morwmunisaTvis, romelsac<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa Tanasworoba esmis rogorc<br />

rasaze,erovnebaze,religiur gansxvavebaze<br />

maRla mdgomi principi, romlis<br />

Sinaarsi sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianis iuridiulad<br />

Tanasworad cnobaSi, mis SewyalebaSi<br />

an sibralulSi ki ar gamoixateba, aramed<br />

Seni gulisa <strong>da</strong> gonebisaTvis misi<br />

Seucvlelobis <strong>da</strong>naxvaSi.<br />

rogorc aRiniSna,msoflmxedveloba<br />

aucileblad gulisxmobs, rogorc<br />

sayrdens <strong>da</strong> amosavals,raRac princips,<br />

romelic raRacnairad, magram, u<strong>da</strong>vod,<br />

pirovnebis arCevans emyareba. arCevanis<br />

am sayovelTaobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

bunebrivia maTi Tanasworuflebianobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>Sveba <strong>da</strong> am safuZvelze, sazogadoebis<br />

saWiroebis Tanaxmad, maTi urTierTobis<br />

samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba<br />

<strong>da</strong> zneobrivi Sefaseba. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

Tanamedrove mowinave qveynebSi<br />

bunebrivad wamoiwevs Semwynareblobis<br />

(tolerantobis) principis mniSvneloba.<br />

igi Seucvlelia Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />

romelSic pirovnebaTa, erTa,<br />

saxelmwifoTa, rasaTa <strong>da</strong>pirispireba<br />

_ faqtia. amgvari samyaro sul ufro<br />

grZnobs globalizaciis garduvali<br />

procesis safrTxes <strong>da</strong> Zalauneburad<br />

imis gamoTvlas iwyebs, Tu romeli<br />

eri, saxelmwifo Tu kultura ga<strong>da</strong>r-<br />

Ceba. yovlismomcveli Semwynareblobis<br />

principi ki im saSualebebze fiqris<br />

aucileblobaze miuTiTebs, romlebic<br />

SesaZleblobas iZlevian de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT globalizacia,<br />

rogorc faqti, gansxvavebuli<br />

iqnes erTiani <strong>da</strong> erTaderTi politikuri<br />

saxelmwifos Seqmnis aucileblobisagan,<br />

<strong>da</strong> momavali msoflio wesrigi<br />

gansxvavebulTa harmoniul mTelad<br />

iqnes warmodgenili [11,12]. amgvari<br />

principi rom, Uupirveles yovlisa, er-<br />

68<br />

Teuli pirovnebis <strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> garantias<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gulisxmobdes, es qristianobam<br />

amcno samyaros. rac Seexeba mis<br />

msoflmxedvelobriv gaazrebas, es kantis<br />

<strong>da</strong>msaxurebaa,romelmac pirovnebis<br />

samoqmedo maqsima cnobili kategoriuli<br />

imperativis saxiT ase Camoayaliba:<br />

moiqeci ise, rom Sens moqmedebaSi<br />

yoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani yovelTvis iyos<br />

agreTve mizani <strong>da</strong> arasdros mxolod<br />

saSualeba.<br />

siamayis grZnobiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos,<br />

rom uwmidesis mTeli moRvaweoba<br />

am mizans emsaxureba, rasac Seucvleli<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs saerTod <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT<br />

Cvens qveyanaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mravalerovneba<br />

<strong>da</strong> mravalgvari aRmsarebloba<br />

saukuneebs iTvlis. igi <strong>da</strong>majereblad<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebs marTlmadideblur<br />

qristianobas, rogorc zogadsakacobrio<br />

moralis matarebel moZRvrebas,<br />

romelic Semwynareblobas <strong>da</strong> moyvasis<br />

siyvaruls mTels kacobriobaze, yvela<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianze avrcelebs.<br />

1989 wels, <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> qveynis istoriaSi<br />

erT-erT yvelaze <strong>da</strong>Zabul periodSi,<br />

roca garkveuli <strong>da</strong>jgufebebi<br />

nacionaluri SuRlis gaRvivebasac ar<br />

eridebodnen sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad,<br />

ilia II Tavis saaxalwlo epistoleSi<br />

miuTiTa saxarebi<strong>da</strong>n yvelasTvis<br />

cnobil keTil samaritelze,`romelmac<br />

yovelgvari religiuri valdebulebis<br />

gareSe, <strong>da</strong>xmareba gauwia avazakis mier<br />

gaZarcul <strong>da</strong> nagvem a<strong>da</strong>mians~. `es aris<br />

saqcieli,_ gvaswavlis uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi,_<br />

romelic bunebrivi un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

yvelasTvis <strong>da</strong> miT umetes qristianisaTvis.<br />

Tu Cven ver vamCnevT calkeul<br />

pirovnebas, ver vamCnevT mis tkivilsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> wuxils, ra fasi aqvs Cvens, Tun<strong>da</strong>c,<br />

sakacobrio humanur ideebs, ubralo<br />

frazebs?~ (12.VI).<br />

dRes, rodesac iuridiulad yvela<br />

religia Tanasworia, maT Soris<br />

mimarTeba SeiZleba mxolod Semwynareblobis,<br />

rogorc moraluri kanonis,<br />

mixedviT wesrigdebodes. uwmidesisa

<strong>da</strong> unetaresis ilia II qa<strong>da</strong>gebebSi<br />

qristianoba gamodis rogorc zogadsakacobrio<br />

idealis, WeSmariti Semwynareblobis<br />

matarebeli, romelic<br />

erovnebaTa, religiaTa, aRmsareblobaTa<br />

gansxvavebaze maRla dgas im azriT,<br />

rom yvela maTTvis uSinaganes <strong>da</strong><br />

umniSvnelovanes aspeqtze miuTiTebs:<br />

`Zvel dros msoflioSi moqmedeb<strong>da</strong><br />

e.w. oqros kanoni, romlis mixedviTac<br />

sikeTis sanacvlod sikeTe un<strong>da</strong> migego,<br />

xolo usamarTloba, samarTliani<br />

SurisZiebiT gamoesworebiaT. qristem<br />

es Secvala. marTlmorwmunes ara Tu<br />

mtrisTvis codvis Sendoba, aramed misi<br />

siyvaruli mosTxova~ (12, VII).<br />

literatura<br />

1. narkvevebi filosofiis istoriaSi, Tbilisi, 1993.<br />

2. Hegel C. W., Werke in 20 Bänden, Bd. I, Suhrkamp, 1971, S. 14.<br />

3. Politik-Religion- Menschenwürde. Hrsg. B. Jendorf, G. Schmalenberg, Giessen,<br />

1993.<br />

4. Tewzadze Guram, Über die Möglichkeit der Atheistischen Moral. Zur Begründung<br />

der echten Toleranz. _ In: Akten des Siebenten Internationalen Kant-Kongresses,<br />

Mainz,1990; Bonn, 1991.<br />

5. Noack H., Die Philosophie Westeuropas, Darmstadt,1967.<br />

6. Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, s. yubaneiSvilis<br />

red., Tbilisi, 1946.<br />

7. basili kesarielis swavlanis efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani,<br />

Tbilisi, 1983.<br />

8. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli), Sromebi, Tbilisi,<br />

1960.<br />

9. ...”Bibliophile Kostbarkeit für Heidegger Archiv (Eine Georgische Übersetzung<br />

von “Sein und Zeit”... Mit Hilfe des Katholikos Patriarchen aller<br />

Georgier Ilia II ist ihm die Übersetzung und Herausgeben von “Sein und<br />

Zeit” gelungen.<br />

Von den 300 Exemplaren limitierten Ausgabe ist nun ein Exemplar in<br />

die Heimat des großen Fragers und Suchers gekommen; <strong>da</strong>rüber herrscht<br />

bei den Freunden von Heideggers Philosophie in Meßkirch große Freude”<br />

(«Schwäbische Zeitung», Sonntag, April 1991, S.2).<br />

10. Jürgen Habermas, Joseph Ratzinger. Dialektik der Säkularisierung. Über Vernunft<br />

und Religion, Freiburg im Breisgau, 2005.<br />

11. lumani n., sazogadoebrivi komunikaciis cvlilebani <strong>da</strong><br />

masobrivi media, gamomcemloba `arxe~, Tbilisi, 2008.<br />

12 <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis kalen<strong>da</strong>ri, 1989, Tbilisi.<br />

69

zaza aleqsiZe<br />

rogor iwyebo<strong>da</strong> sinuri aRmoCenebi<br />

`gevedrebi ufalo, ganunaTle<br />

goneba mecnierTa, mweralTa <strong>da</strong> xelovanTa<br />

CvenTa. <strong>da</strong>loce saqme maTi, raTa<br />

iqmnas naRvawi maTi sakeTilod qveynisa,<br />

raTa SromiTa TavisiTa gemsaxuron<br />

Sen, emsaxuron ersa Sensa iveriisasa~<br />

(ilia II, locva sinis mTaze. _ Jurn.<br />

`jvari vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 6).<br />

70<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqma,<br />

uwmidesma <strong>da</strong> unetaresma<br />

ilia meorem gansakuTrebuli roli<br />

Seasrula <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> bolo ormoci<br />

wlis istoriaSi. vgulisxmob<br />

ara mxolod sasuliero cxovrebas,<br />

eklesia-monastrebis, saepiskoposo eparqiebis<br />

ganaxleba-aRdgenas, aramed<br />

mis keTilismyofel gavlenas saero<br />

cxovrebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferoze, pirvel<br />

rigSi humanitarul <strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT,<br />

qarTvelologiur mecnierebebze. rom<br />

ara misi uwmidesoba, vin icis, ramdeni<br />

wliT ga<strong>da</strong>iwev<strong>da</strong> sinis mTaze, wm. ekaterines<br />

monasterSi axlad aRmoCenili<br />

141 qarTuli xelnaweris jer arsebobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>fiqsireba, xolo Semdeg maTi<br />

Seswavla <strong>da</strong> samenovani (qarTul-ber-<br />

Znul-inglisuri) katalogisa <strong>da</strong> mravali<br />

gamokvlevis gamocema. Cemi azriT,<br />

qarTulma mecnierebam <strong>da</strong> kulturam<br />

ar icis amaze ufro didi aRmoCena <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> patriarqis roli masSi<br />

udidesia.<br />

1734 wels wmi<strong>da</strong> ekaterines monasterSi<br />

sina-raiTis arqiepiskoposma nikifore<br />

marTalisma biblioTekisaTvis<br />

specialuri Senoba aago, xelnawerebi<br />

iq ga<strong>da</strong>itana <strong>da</strong> wesrigSi moiyvana. is,<br />

rac maSin praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis<br />

zedmetad iqna miCneuli, rogorc Cans,<br />

<strong>da</strong>toves aRniSnul saTavsSi. 1761 wels<br />

piligrimi donati aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom man<br />

nikifore marTalisis biblioTekaSi,<br />

kargad movlili xelnawerebis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />

naxa uyuradRebod mitovebulebic. am<br />

xelnawerTa arseboba etyoba Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan<br />

<strong>da</strong>viwyebas mieca.<br />

amJamad sinuri xelnawerebi inaxeba<br />

1990 wels wm. ekaterines monastris<br />

biblioTekisaTvis specialurad agebul<br />

SenobaSi. es biblioTeka erTerTi<br />

umdidresia mTels msoflioSi<br />

Tavisi mraval enaze arsebuli xelnawerebiT.<br />

sinis mTis saganZurs (xelnawerebs,<br />

xatebs <strong>da</strong> sxv.) miniWebuli<br />

aqvs msoflio saganZuris statusi.<br />

1975 wlis 26 maiss sinis mTaze,<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> ekaterines monasterSi iustiniane<br />

keisris (527_565) kedlis CrdiloeT<br />

nawilSi moTavsebul wmi<strong>da</strong> giorgis<br />

saxelobis samlocvelos xanZari<br />

gauCn<strong>da</strong>. sxvaTa Soris, es samlocvelo<br />

sinis mTaze unaxavs XVI saukunis moRvawes,<br />

rodosel mitropolits paisis,<br />

romelic aRniSnavs, rom igi aRdgenili<br />

yofila `iberTa mefis~ saxsrebiT.<br />

rodesac berebma xanZari Caaqres <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>zianebuli farTobi gawmindes, samlocvelos<br />

iatakis qveS, miwiT savse

71<br />

saTavsSi didi raodenobiT uZvelesi<br />

xelnawerebi aRmoaCines.<br />

sinis mTaze xelnawerTa aRmoCenas<br />

ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi ar axmaurebdnen.<br />

marTalia, presaSi ukve gaCn<strong>da</strong><br />

cnobebi amis Sesaxeb, magram jerjerobiT<br />

isini mxolod paparaci Jurnalistebis<br />

mopovebuli iyo <strong>da</strong> Tavisi<br />

TvaliT arc erT mecniers ar enaxa.<br />

pirveli oficialuri cnoba axali<br />

xelnawerebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong> 1980<br />

wlis seqtemberSi maSindeli <strong>da</strong>savleT<br />

germaniis q. goslarSi Catarebuli<br />

siriis problemebisadmi miZRvnili<br />

simpoziumis mimoxilvis saxiT. am<br />

simpoziumze axlad aRmoCenili siriuli<br />

xelnawerebis Sesaxeb moxseneba<br />

waikiTxa am <strong>da</strong>rgis specialistma de<strong>da</strong><br />

filoTeam. man Tavisi moxsenebis SesavalSi<br />

aRniSna, rom wm. ekaterines<br />

monasterSi axal xelnawerTa Soris<br />

56 somxuri xelnaweri aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>,<br />

SesaZloa, maT Soris oTxi mrgvlovani<br />

asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli qarTuli<br />

xelnaweric iyoso.<br />

rodesac de<strong>da</strong> filoTeas mier gakeTebuli<br />

gancxadeba waikiTxa cnobilma<br />

germanelma qarTvelologma, profesorma<br />

iulius asfalgma, eWvi gamoTqva,<br />

somxurad miCneul xelnawerTa nawili<br />

mainc SesaZloa nusxurad <strong>da</strong>werili qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebi iyoso. aseTi eWvi<br />

bunebrivi iyo, radgan wm. ekaterines<br />

monasteri <strong>da</strong>sabami<strong>da</strong>n marTlmadidebluri<br />

monasteria <strong>da</strong> iq didi raodenobiT<br />

somxuri xelnawerebis aRmoCena<br />

mosalodneli ar aris. i. asfalgma sinis<br />

mTaze somxuri xelnawerebis aRmoCenisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavisi eWvebis Sesaxeb maSinve<br />

a. SaniZes Seatyobina. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />

a. SaniZem <strong>da</strong> maleve m. SaniZemac (1981)<br />

<strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stures qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />

somxurSi aRrevis SesaZlebloba.<br />

eWvebi isev eWvebad <strong>da</strong>rCebo<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

ara 1984 wlis 24_28 maiss <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis ilia II oficialuri<br />

viziti egvipteSi. 26 maiss sinis<br />

mTaze wm. ekaterines monastris biblioTekis<br />

<strong>da</strong>Tvalierebisas, mas mieca<br />

saSualeba enaxa e. w. `somxuri~ xelnawerebi,<br />

romlebic sinamdvileSi qar-<br />

Tuli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. movusminoT <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqs:<br />

`is, rom aq raRac xelnawerebi<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, Cven adrec vicodiT,<br />

magram ar vicodiT, iyo Tu ara<br />

maTSi qarTuli. gviCvenes ber-<br />

Znuli xelnawerebi, Cven vkiTxeT,<br />

qarTuli Tu aris-Tqo. biblioTekis<br />

ufrosma moZRvarma<br />

gviTxra: qarTuli samwuxarod<br />

ar aris, magram aris somxurio.<br />

Zalian guli <strong>da</strong>mwy<strong>da</strong>, kidev ra<br />

aris-meTqi. kidev ariso kopturi,<br />

eTiopuri <strong>da</strong> sxva. maCveneT, somxuri<br />

mainc vnaxoT-meTqi. rva yuTi<br />

iyo es `somxuri~ xelnawerebi.<br />

gadmoiRes, vnaxeT <strong>da</strong>, Turme, qar-<br />

Tulia. SecdomiT miukuTvnebiaT<br />

somxurisaTvis. tyavze Sesrulebuli<br />

asomTavruli,nusxa-xucuri<br />

xelnawerebi...<br />

vkiTxe: vin muSaob<strong>da</strong> aq <strong>da</strong> vin<br />

miakuTvna es xelnawerebi somxurs,<br />

vin giTxraT, rom es xelnawerebi<br />

somxuria. aq mecnierebi<br />

iyvnen, magram Cven imaT gvarebs<br />

ar vambobTo. Semdeg velaparake<br />

sinis mTis mTavarepiskoposs, ganvucxade,<br />

rom ar SeiZleba ase<br />

mopyroba xelnawerebisadmi, rom<br />

amas aucileblad sWirdeba specialisti,<br />

mecnieri, romelic<br />

waikiTxavs maT <strong>da</strong> Seadgens katalogs.<br />

isic <strong>da</strong>meTanxma. Tu mecniers<br />

gamogzavniT, Sevecdebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>gexmaroTo.~ (uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia II qa<strong>da</strong>geba sionis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi. _ `jvari<br />

vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 21_22).<br />

saintereso <strong>da</strong>mTxvevaa qarTveli<br />

mkiTxvelisaTvis: 1975 wlis 26 maiss<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> xelnawerTa axali koleqcia,<br />

xolo 1984 wlis aseve 26 maiss <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

patriarqma <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura amave<br />

koleqciaSi didi raodenobiT qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebis arseboba. magram ilia II

ar <strong>da</strong>kmayofil<strong>da</strong> mxolod kerZo saubarSi<br />

gakeTebuli SeniSvniT. meore<br />

dRes, erToblivi wirvis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis<br />

Semdeg patriarqsa <strong>da</strong> arqiepiskoposs<br />

Soris oficialuri sityvebis gacvlisas<br />

man xazi gausva:<br />

`Cven Camosvlas vaniWebT did<br />

mniSvnelobas, radganac misi sa-<br />

SualebiT un<strong>da</strong> ganaxldes is kavSiri,<br />

romelic Cven Soris saukuneebis<br />

manZilze arsebob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

gamovTqvamT imeds, rom es kav-<br />

Siri iqneba Rrma <strong>da</strong> ormxrivi~<br />

(kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II<br />

sityva, warmoTqmuli sinis mTis<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> ekaterines monasterSi. _<br />

`jvari vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 14).<br />

<strong>da</strong>brun<strong>da</strong> Tu ara TbilisSi, kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

Segvkriba yvela is<br />

mecnieri, romelTaTvisac axlos iyo<br />

sinis monastris qarTul siZveleTa<br />

problemebi, <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT gviambo imis<br />

Sesaxeb, rac naxa wm. ekaterines monasterSi,<br />

sina-raiTis arqiepiskoposTan<br />

molaparakebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> SemogvTavaza<br />

am sakiTxze aqtiuri muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyeba.<br />

…magram Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad aqtiuri muSaoba<br />

TviTon <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqma<br />

gaagrZela.<br />

1987 wlis 3_6 ivniss <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

sapasuxo vizitiT ewvia misi maRalyovladusamRvdeloesoeba,<br />

soeba, sina-raiTisa <strong>da</strong><br />

faranis mTavarepiskoposi <strong>da</strong>miane. patriarqma<br />

savizito programaSi CarTo<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa<br />

instituti. am vizitis amsaxveli sainformacio<br />

cnoba iuwyebo<strong>da</strong>:<br />

`stumrebs saSualeba miecaT<br />

gascnobodnen <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis k. kekeliZis<br />

saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis<br />

xelnawerTa fonds <strong>da</strong> am<br />

institutis muSaobis struqturas.<br />

gaaocaT institutis TanamSromlebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebam<br />

xelnawerebisadmi, maTma maRalma<br />

kvalifikaciam <strong>da</strong> saqmisadmi<br />

72<br />

erTgulebam. institutis direqtorma,<br />

akademikosma elene metrevelma<br />

dro ar <strong>da</strong>zoga <strong>da</strong> maT<br />

zedmiwevniT zustad uambo yoveli<br />

xelnaweris Tavga<strong>da</strong>savali.<br />

gansakuTrebulad gaamaxvila<br />

yuradReba sinuri warmomavlobis<br />

xelnawerebze, rac, marTlac,<br />

stumarTa did interess iwvev<strong>da</strong>.<br />

isini gulwrfelad madlobelni<br />

<strong>da</strong>rCnen q-n elene metrevelisa.<br />

es informacia metad mniSvnelovani<br />

iyo maTTvis, radgan,<br />

rogorc aRniSnes, ukve Seudgnen<br />

wm. sinis mTisa <strong>da</strong> monastrebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wvrilebiTi istoriis weras~.<br />

axlad aRmoCenil sinur xelnawerebze<br />

iyo saubari Sexvedrebzec Tbilisis<br />

saxelmwifo universitetSi. rodesac<br />

TanamSromlobisaTvis nia<strong>da</strong>gi<br />

srulad momzad<strong>da</strong>, rodesac stumrebma<br />

<strong>da</strong>inaxes, rom xelnawerTa institutTan<br />

TanamSromloba TviTon sinis mTisa-<br />

Tvisac uaRresad sasargeblo iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

<strong>da</strong>ido TanamSromlobis xelSekruleba.<br />

`ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>,rom Seiqmnas sinuri<br />

problemebis sapatriarqosTan<br />

arsebuli samecniero kvlevis<br />

centri. gamoiyos axlad aRmo-<br />

Cenili qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />

Semswavleli jgufi, romelSic<br />

specialistebTan erTad berZeni<br />

paleografebic _ wmi<strong>da</strong> ekaterines<br />

monastris berebi _ iqnebian<br />

gaerTianebulni. gaigzavnos sinis<br />

mTaze mecnierTa <strong>da</strong> samRvdelo<br />

pirTa jgufi <strong>da</strong> adgilzeve Sesruldes<br />

pirveladi samuSaoebi,<br />

Sedges pirveli mokle aRweriloba<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

sinis mTavarepiskoposma ivaldebula,<br />

rom sinuri problemebis<br />

kvlevis centri aRWurvos sinis<br />

mTaze arsebuli yvela qarTuli<br />

xelnaweris mikrofilmiT <strong>da</strong> im<br />

gamocemebiT, romlebic monastris<br />

biblioTekaSi arsebobs...<br />

sabolood, sinuri problemebis<br />

kvlevis centris mier momzadebuli<br />

axlad aRmoCenil

qarTul xelnawerTa katalogi<br />

gamoicema or enaze _ qarTulad<br />

<strong>da</strong> berZnulad, mokle inglisuri<br />

reziumeTi, uxvi fotomasaliT~<br />

(stumrebi sinis mTi<strong>da</strong>n. _ `jvari<br />

vazisa~, Tb., 1987, gv. 18_19).<br />

dRes am xelSekrulebi<strong>da</strong>n TiTqmis<br />

yvela muxli Sesrulebulia: moewyo<br />

Svidi samecniero eqspedicia sinis<br />

mTaze axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebis Sesaswavlad, Seiqmna<br />

sinis qarTul siZveleTa kvlevis centri,<br />

gamoica axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebis aRweriloba berZnulad,<br />

qarTulad <strong>da</strong> inglisurad. Sesasrulebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong>rCa mTavari: sinis mTaze<br />

arsebuli yvela qarTuli xelnaweris<br />

mikrofilmis gadmocema. jerjerobiT<br />

es muxli mxolod nawilobriv aris<br />

Sesrulebuli. xelnawerTa instituts<br />

(amJamad xelnawerTa erovnul centrs)<br />

gadmocemuli aqvs mxolod ramdenime<br />

mniSvnelovani xelnaweris mikrofilmi.<br />

dRes ukve, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, laparaki aRar<br />

aris mikrofilmebze. monasteri aRWurvilia<br />

mZlavri distanciuri skanirebis<br />

aparaturiT <strong>da</strong> Cveni mizania, cxadia, kvlav<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

TanadgomiT,mivaRwioT kompaqt-diskebze<br />

Cawerili xelnawerebis miRebas.<br />

wm. ekaterines monastris axali<br />

koleqcia sul 1100 xelnawers iTvlis.<br />

xelnawerTa umravlesoba berZnulia,<br />

<strong>da</strong>narCeni _ arabuli,siriuli,eTiopuri,<br />

slavuri <strong>da</strong> qarTuli, erTi laTinuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> erTi ebrauli. amaT gar<strong>da</strong> aqve aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

120 gragnili <strong>da</strong> mravali fragmenti.<br />

qronologiurad axali koleqcia<br />

Tavsdeba IV_XVIII saukuneebSi.<br />

xelnawerTa institutma sinis<br />

mTaze eqspediciis mosawyobad zrunva<br />

xelSekrulebis <strong>da</strong>debisTanave <strong>da</strong>iwyo,<br />

magram maSin, CemTvis ucnobi mizezebis<br />

gamo, es ver ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. 1988 wlis<br />

bolos, Cemi xelnawerTa institutis<br />

direqtoris Tanamdebobaze misvlis<br />

pirvelive dRi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> patriarqTan<br />

uSualo kontaqtSi <strong>da</strong>viwye aqtiuri<br />

muSaoba wm. ekaterines monasterSi<br />

eqspediciis mosawyobad. 1989_90 wlebi<br />

ar iyo advili wlebi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>Tvis<br />

saerTod, <strong>da</strong> miT ufro saerTaSoriso<br />

eqspediciis gansaxorcieleblad<br />

<strong>da</strong>, SesaZloa, araferi gamosuliyo, rom<br />

ara sami faqtori: <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis sruli<br />

Tanadgoma, egvipteSi sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

saelCos gasaocari aqtivoba <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

mTavrobis mier eqspediciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>uyovnebeli <strong>da</strong>finanseba.<br />

axal koleqciaSi 141 <strong>da</strong>saxelebis<br />

qarTuli xelnaweri gamovlin<strong>da</strong>. aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

umravlesoba xelnaweri wignia,<br />

xolo 10 gragnili. zogi maTgani srulia,<br />

zogi Zlier nakluli. furcel-<br />

Ta saerTo raodenoba 4000-ze metia.<br />

amaT gar<strong>da</strong>, aqve inaxeba didi raodenobis<br />

fragmenti (1600) erTi furclis<br />

Tu furcelTa naxevebis saxiT. fragmentebis<br />

fotopirebi xelnawerTa institutSi<br />

inaxeba <strong>da</strong> maTi Seswavla<br />

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris morigi<br />

amocanaa.<br />

axali koleqciis xelnawerebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ramdenime aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> Zveli koleqciis<br />

xelnawerTa nawili, umravlesoba ki<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> axalia. Zvelis nawilTagan<br />

mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxeldes yvelaze adrindeli<br />

TariRiani qarTuli xelnaweri, cnobili<br />

864 wlis sinuri mravalTavi.<br />

axlad aRmoCenil xelnawerTa didi umravlesoba<br />

warmodgenilia pergamentze,<br />

Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebia qaRaldze Sesrulebuli.<br />

yvela teqsti <strong>da</strong>werilia<br />

asomTavruliTa <strong>da</strong> nusxa-xucuriT. mxedruli<br />

<strong>da</strong>werilobiT Sesrulebulia<br />

mxolod Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT gviani xanis (XII_<br />

XV) zogierTi minaweri.<br />

sinur koleqciaSi dRes ukve xelTa<br />

gvaqvs saerTo jamSi 230-ze meti xelnaweri<br />

<strong>da</strong> mravali fragmenti, amitom<br />

gacilebiT meti viciT sinis qarTuli<br />

samonastro koloniisa <strong>da</strong> misi Semoqmedebis<br />

Sesaxeb, vidre aqamde vicodiT.<br />

sinis xelnawerTa (Zveli <strong>da</strong> axali)<br />

73

didi umravlesoba X saukunisaa. rodesac<br />

va<strong>da</strong>rebT aqve <strong>da</strong>cul <strong>da</strong> aq Seqmnil<br />

xelnawerebs (Zvelsa <strong>da</strong> axals)<br />

sxva enebze (berZnuli, arabuli, siriuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxv.), vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom X saukunis<br />

meore naxevari sinis mTaze upiratesad<br />

qarTulia <strong>da</strong> mxolod XI saukuni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

iwyeba berZenTa <strong>da</strong> arabTa didi aqtivoba.<br />

amasve mowmobs axali koleqciis<br />

xelnawerTa minawerebi, romlebic<br />

axal <strong>da</strong> saintereso cnobebs iZlevian<br />

qarTvelTa samSeneblo saqmianobis<br />

Sesaxeb sinis mTaze. es aris erTi<br />

umniSvnelovanesi <strong>da</strong>skvna, gakeTebuli<br />

axali aRmoCenebis safuZvelze.<br />

sinis qarTulma masalam, gansakuTrebiT<br />

axalma, Semoinaxa saeklesio<br />

RvTismsaxurebis is etapi, romelsac<br />

ierusalimurs uwodeben. es aris X<br />

saukunemde (CaTvliT) liturgikuli<br />

wignebi (iadgarebi, leqcionarebi,<br />

Jamiswirvebi,kalendrebi),romelTa ber-<br />

Znuli dednebic <strong>da</strong>kargulia imis gamo,<br />

rom meaTe saukuni<strong>da</strong>n xmarebaSi Semovi<strong>da</strong><br />

liturgikis axali wesi, romelsac<br />

konstantinopolurs an bizantiurs<br />

uwodeben. sul ukanasknel xanebamde am<br />

safexuris aRdgenas cdilobdnen somxuri<br />

mwerlobis safuZvelze, romelic<br />

adre <strong>da</strong>scil<strong>da</strong> marTlmadideblurs<br />

<strong>da</strong> amitom mas marTlmadidebluri<br />

eklesiis reformebi aRar un<strong>da</strong> Sexebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sinurma xelnawerebma, jer kidev<br />

Zvelma,<strong>da</strong> mas emateba axalic,Secvales<br />

aqcentebi <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso yuradReba<br />

somxurTan erTad qarTulze gadmoitanes,<br />

rogorc uZvelesi safexuris<br />

maCvenebelze.<br />

axalma koleqciam aCvena sinis mTis<br />

qarTuli Zmobis mWidro kontaqti sxva<br />

qarTul kulturul kerebTan. gansakuTrebiT<br />

mniSvnelovania misi SesaZlo<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>piri kavSiri aTonis mTasTan <strong>da</strong><br />

aTonel moRvaweebTan, rac <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura<br />

aTonze Seqmnili Zeglebis aRmoCenam<br />

maTi Seqmni<strong>da</strong>n mokle xnis manZlze.<br />

axal koleqciaSi liturgikuli<br />

krebulebis gverdiT gvxvdeba oTx-<br />

74<br />

Tavebi, fsalmunebi, mamaTa swavlani,<br />

hagiografiuli krebulebi, sakiTxavebi<br />

Zveli aRTqmis wignebi<strong>da</strong>n. amaTgan<br />

calke SeiZleba gamoiyos X saukunis<br />

(974 w.) erTi xelnaweri (N/Sin-67)<br />

_ `wmi<strong>da</strong>Ta mamaTa sinelTa swavlani<br />

<strong>da</strong> sakÂrvelebani~. krebuli originaluria,<br />

Tumca calkeul TxrobaTa <strong>da</strong>Zebna<br />

SesaZlebelia qarTul an sxva ber-<br />

Znulenovan paterikebSic. qarTvelolog<br />

specialistTa yuradRebas teqsti<br />

imiTac ipyrobs, rom masSi pirvelive<br />

mTxroblad <strong>da</strong>saxelebulia sxva wyaroebiT<br />

CvenTvis ucnobi `wmi<strong>da</strong> mama<br />

samuel qarTveli~.<br />

axal koleqciaSi gansakuTrebiT<br />

mniSvnelovani aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> X saukunis ori<br />

xelnaweri. erTi maTgani (N/Sin-48) warmoadgens<br />

sakmaod vrcel nawils pirveli<br />

qarTuli istoriuli Txzulebisa,<br />

romelic `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s saxeliT<br />

aris cnobili. aRniSnuli Txzuleba<br />

ori nawilisagan Sedgeba:<br />

e.w. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s matiane,<br />

romelSic gadmocemulia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

istoria <strong>da</strong>sabami<strong>da</strong>n VII saukunemde<br />

(Tan<strong>da</strong>rTuli qarTlis erismTavarTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> kaTalikosTa siiT X saukunis <strong>da</strong>mdegamde),<br />

<strong>da</strong> qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis,<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> ninos cxovreba.<br />

N/Sin-48-m Cvenamde naklulad moaRwia.<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>rCenilia mxolod `matianis~<br />

nawili, romelic Seicavs Txrobas qarTlis<br />

gaqristianebi<strong>da</strong>n VI saukunis<br />

miwurulamde. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~<br />

dRemde Cvenamde moRweuli iyo ori re<strong>da</strong>qciiT:<br />

Satberduli (Xs.) <strong>da</strong> Weli-<br />

Suri (XIV_XV ss.). axali re<strong>da</strong>qcia<br />

erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave dros orivesTan poulobs<br />

saerTosac <strong>da</strong> gansxvavebulsac.<br />

cxadia, igi momdinareobs saerTo winaprisagan<br />

<strong>da</strong> qronologiurad misi de<strong>da</strong>ni<br />

mniSvnelovnad uswrebs win rogorc<br />

Satberduls, ise WeliSurs. es<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvna gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s warmoSobis<br />

urTulesi problemis gasarkvevad.<br />

kidev ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>

meore xelnaweri (N/Sin-50),romelic krebuls<br />

warmoadgens. xelnaweri X saukunis<br />

pirveli naxevriT TariRdeba. krebulSi<br />

moTavsebulia zemoT ukve naxsenebi<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ (rogorc<br />

`matiane~, ise `wmi<strong>da</strong> ninos cxovreba~)<br />

<strong>da</strong> asurel mamaTa cxovrebis wignebi.<br />

krebuli Tavsa <strong>da</strong> boloSi naklulia.<br />

saocaria, magram faqtia, rom N/Sin-50-Si<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s teqsti iwyeba<br />

TiTqmis iq, sa<strong>da</strong>c wydeba N/Sin-48, Tumca<br />

eseni <strong>sruliad</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xelnaweria.<br />

ufro metic, meore eqspediciis<br />

dros aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> N/Sin-50-is SemorCenili<br />

nawilis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi<strong>da</strong>n kidev ori furceli,<br />

romelTac Sexvedra naxes N/Sin-<br />

48-is <strong>da</strong>sasrulTan. aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom es<br />

ori xelnaweric sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva re<strong>da</strong>qcias<br />

warmoadgens.<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s mimarT N/<br />

Sin-50-is Sesaxeb un<strong>da</strong> gavimeoroT is,<br />

rac vTqviT N/Sin-48-is Taobaze: igi<br />

gansxvavdeba rogorc Satberduli, ise<br />

WeliSuri re<strong>da</strong>qciebisagan <strong>da</strong> amasTanave<br />

msgavsebas poulobs orivesTan.<br />

sinuri xelnaweri TavisTava<strong>da</strong>c Satberdul<br />

xelnawerze ufro adrindelia,<br />

re<strong>da</strong>qciula<strong>da</strong>c igi, cxadia, mniSvnelovnad<br />

uswrebs orives <strong>da</strong> saeWvo<br />

SemTxvevebSic iZleva maTze gacilebiT<br />

ukeTes wakiTxvebs.<br />

sinuri aRmoCenebis Semdeg Tavisuflad<br />

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom X s-Si<br />

ukve arsebob<strong>da</strong> `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~s<br />

oTxi erTmaneTisagan mniSvnelovnad<br />

gansxvavebuli re<strong>da</strong>qcia. cxadia, amdeni<br />

gansxvavebuli re<strong>da</strong>qciis Camoyalibeba<br />

did dros moiTxovs, rac gamoricxavs<br />

Zeglis Seqmnas IX saukuneSi.<br />

aranakleb sainteresoa qarTvelologiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong>, saerTod, aRmosavluri<br />

qristianobis istoriisaTvis<br />

imave N/Sin-50-Si <strong>da</strong>culi asurel mama-<br />

Ta cxovrebis wignebi. es aris im 13<br />

sirieli saeklesio moRvawis istoria,<br />

romlebic VI saukuneSi movidnen <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>,<br />

safuZveli <strong>da</strong>udes CvenSi<br />

samonastro cxovrebas <strong>da</strong>, SesaZloa,<br />

gansazRvres <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> religiuri<br />

saxe mravali saukunis manZilze. axlad<br />

aRmoCenili teqsti <strong>sruliad</strong> ueWvelia,<br />

rom gacilebiT ufro Zvelia, vidre<br />

dRemde Cvenamde moRweuli mravali sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

saxis re<strong>da</strong>qcia <strong>da</strong> igi maTgan<br />

gansxvavdeba ara marto re<strong>da</strong>qciulad,<br />

aramed Sinaarsobriva<strong>da</strong>c. N/Sin-50 <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

axleburad ayenebs asurel mama-<br />

Ta cxovrebis teqstebis istorias.<br />

asurel mamaTa cxovrebis wignebSi<br />

CarTulia <strong>sruliad</strong> unikaluri cnobebi<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriis dRemde<br />

yvelaze cu<strong>da</strong>d Seswavlili <strong>da</strong> cnobebiT<br />

mwiri periodis, e.w. erismTavrobis<br />

xanis (VI_VIII ss.) Sesaxeb (epitafiebi<br />

genealogiuri <strong>da</strong> qronologiuri<br />

miTiTebebiT). pirvel yovlisa<br />

un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom maT Soris gvxvdeba<br />

qarTvelTa samefo sagvareulos _<br />

bagrationTa _ <strong>da</strong>saxeleba didi xniT<br />

adre, vidre dRemde iyo <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebuli<br />

wyaroebSi; pirveli <strong>da</strong> erTaderTi<br />

moxsenieba rusTavelTa (`ruvisTavel-<br />

Ta~) sagvareulosi <strong>da</strong> maTi lokalizeba<br />

istoriuli kaxeTis teritoriaze;<br />

samonastro (mcxeTis jvari, ze<strong>da</strong>zeni,<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT-gareja) biblioTekebisa <strong>da</strong> saganZurebis<br />

aRwerilobebi.<br />

specialuri yuradRebis Rirsia is<br />

anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic mravlad<br />

aris <strong>da</strong>culi axali koleqciis xelnawerebze.<br />

pirvel yovlisa maTi saSualebiT<br />

di<strong>da</strong>d izrdeba Cveni codna sinis<br />

mTaze moRvawe qarTveli berebis<br />

Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT X saukuneSi,<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n minawerTa didi umravlesoba<br />

<strong>da</strong>TariRebulia.<br />

magaliTad SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT<br />

erTi minaweri axali qarTuli koleqciis<br />

#2 xelnawerze. am xelnaweris<br />

anderZSi mocemulia sinis mTisaTvis<br />

kvirike miZnaZorelis mier Sewiruli<br />

qarTuli wignebis sia,TiToeuli <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli<br />

wignis raodenobis miTiTebiT<br />

(sul 45). amgvari sia, rogorc zemoT<br />

aRvniSneT, 1902 wels sinis mTaze aRmoaCina<br />

n. marma <strong>da</strong> es ori sia yvelaze<br />

75

76<br />

adrindelia maT Soris,sinis mTaze bibliografiul<br />

saqmianobas rom uCvenebs.<br />

amave minawerSi yuradRebas ipyrobs anderZ-minaweris<br />

avtoris mier aRwerili<br />

Tavisi samSeneblo moRvaweoba wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

ekaterines saxelobis monastris teritoriaze.<br />

specialistTa did yuradRebas<br />

gamoiwvevs axlad aRmoCenil xelnawerebs<br />

Soris palimfsestebi. maTi<br />

raodenoba mniSvnelovania. qve<strong>da</strong> teqsti<br />

aris qarTuli, berZnuli, eTiopuri,<br />

siriuli <strong>da</strong> somxuri.<br />

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ori<br />

xelnaweris (N/Sin-13, 55) qve<strong>da</strong> teqstSi<br />

kavkasiis albaneTis <strong>da</strong>karguli mwerlobis<br />

ZeglTa gamovlena.<br />

X saukuneSi Zveli xelnawerebis<br />

gamoyeneba axlis Sesaqmnelad sinis<br />

mTaze gamowveulia pergamentis deficitiT,<br />

rac xelnawerTa minawerebiTac<br />

<strong>da</strong>sturdeba. amasve miuTiTebs Zveli<br />

xelnawerebis CamonaWrebisagan Sekerili<br />

axali wignebis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba axal<br />

koleqciaSi.<br />

1994 wlis noember-dekemberSi xelnawerTa<br />

institutis meore eqspediciis<br />

ukanasknel dRes restavratorebma<br />

gaxsnes N/Sin-55, romelic xanZris Sedegad<br />

mTlianad erT gaqvavebul masad<br />

iyo ga<strong>da</strong>qceuli. xelnaweri aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

palimfsesti, romlis orive teqsti<br />

(ze<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> qve<strong>da</strong>) imave xeliT iyo naweri,<br />

rogoriTac N/Sin-13. am ori xelnaweris<br />

qve<strong>da</strong> teqsti aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> kavkasiis albaneTis<br />

mwerlobis Zegli.<br />

albaneTi iyo kavkasiis teritoriaze<br />

mesame civilizebuli saxelmwifo<br />

antikur xanasa <strong>da</strong> adrind. Sua<br />

saukuneebSi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT Tanamedrove<br />

azerbaijanis teritoriaze. X s-i<strong>da</strong>n<br />

mokidebuli, mezobeli qveynebis, momTabare<br />

tomebisa <strong>da</strong> arabTa saxalifos<br />

Zlieri gavlenis Sedegad igi <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

gaqra istoriis asparezi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />

1830-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>iwyo intensiuri<br />

saerTaSoriso samecniero Zieba am<br />

qveynis raime kvalisa materialur kulturaSi.<br />

1937 wlis 28 seqtembers eCmiaZinis<br />

(erevanSi) xelnawerebs Soris i.<br />

abulaZem miakvliaA XV s-is somxur xelnawers,<br />

romelic warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

enisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mwerlobis saxelmZRvanelos.<br />

am xelnawerSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> albanuri<br />

anbanic. anbani Seiswavla a. SaniZem<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>askvna, rom albanebis memkvidreebi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyvnen azerbaijanis teritoriaze<br />

<strong>da</strong> nawilobriv <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mcxovrebi<br />

mcirericxovani xalxi udiebi,<br />

romelTa ena kavkasiuri enebis samxreT<strong>da</strong>Restnur<br />

enaTa jgufs ekuTvnis. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />

aTi wlis Semdeg azerbaijanis<br />

teritoriaze mingeCauris gaTxrebis<br />

dros aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> albanuri <strong>da</strong>mwerlobiT<br />

Sesrulebuli ramdenime warwera. imedi,<br />

rom i. abulaZis mier aRmoCenili anbaniT<br />

gaiSifrebo<strong>da</strong> es warwerebi, ar gamarTl<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mecnierTa erT wreSi gaCn<strong>da</strong><br />

Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac albanuri<br />

kultura, <strong>da</strong>mwerloba <strong>da</strong> mwerloba<br />

saerTod arc arsebula.<br />

sinis mTaze aRmoCenili ori xelnaweris<br />

qve<strong>da</strong>, albanuri teqsti ga<strong>da</strong>recxes<br />

X s-Si <strong>da</strong> zevi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>aweres<br />

qarTuli anbanuri pateriki. qve<strong>da</strong> teqstis<br />

300 ga<strong>da</strong>rCenili gverdi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />

asis amokiTxva SesaZlebelia<br />

ultraiisferi ganaTebiT, gamadidebeli<br />

saSualebebiT, ultraiisferi ga<strong>da</strong>Rebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> kompiuteruli <strong>da</strong>muSavebis<br />

Semdeg.<br />

albanuri xelnaweris kodikologiuri<br />

saxis gansazRvra adgilzeve<br />

moxerx<strong>da</strong>. aman SesaZlebloba momca<br />

orad gakecili <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva adgilas<br />

moxvedrili furceli warmosaxviT gameerTianebina<br />

<strong>da</strong> Semdeg kompiuterSi<br />

misi pirvandeli saxe aRmedgina. aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom albanuri teqsti naweria<br />

or svetad, vertikalurad, <strong>da</strong> TiToeul<br />

svetSi 22 striqonia, gairkva furclebis<br />

formatic, areebis farTobi <strong>da</strong> ganisazRvra<br />

areebze gakeTebuli minawerebis<br />

adgili.<br />

gabmulad naweri teqstis sityvebad<br />

<strong>da</strong>Slis SesaZleblobas iZleo<strong>da</strong> sxva

Zveli mwerlobebis msgavsad mozrdili<br />

abzacebis <strong>da</strong>wyeba didi asoTi, <strong>da</strong>qaragmebuli<br />

sityvebi,garkveuli monakveTebis<br />

erTmaneTisgan gamoyofa sasveni<br />

ori wertiliT, gameorebuli erTi<br />

<strong>da</strong> igive sityvebi <strong>da</strong> mTeli frazebi.<br />

Teoriulma gaTvlebma <strong>da</strong> teqstis<br />

garegnuli saxis tipologiurma analizma<br />

mimiyvana <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom albanuri<br />

teqsti un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo mTeli<br />

wlis saRvTismsaxuro wigni „leqcionari“.<br />

amis Semdeg <strong>da</strong>dga amocana sxva<br />

enebze arsebuli leqcionarebis Sesatyvisi<br />

adgilebis moZebnisa albanurSi.<br />

xangrZlivi <strong>da</strong> teqnikurad rTuli samuSaos<br />

Sesrulebis Sedegad moxerx<strong>da</strong><br />

im Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT wvrili asoebiT naweri<br />

wina<strong>da</strong>debebis gadmowera, romlebsac<br />

Teoriulad leqcionarebis sakiTxavTa<br />

saTaurebad miviCnevdi. erT-erTi aseTi<br />

saTauri gaiSifra <strong>da</strong> igi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> pavle<br />

mociqulis epistole Tesalonikel-<br />

Ta mimarT,romelic ikiTxebo<strong>da</strong> aliluias<br />

Sesrulebis moTxovniT. <strong>da</strong>narCeni<br />

ormoci saTauris gaSifrva ukve drois,<br />

moTminebisa <strong>da</strong> „teqnikis“ saqme iyo.<br />

saTaurebis amokiTxvisa <strong>da</strong> ga-<br />

Sifvris Semdeg saWiro iyo sakiTxavebis<br />

identifikacia nacnob enebze arsebuli<br />

leqcionarebis sakiTxavebTan.<br />

albanuri teqstis is monakveTi, romelSic<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> igive fraza cxrajer<br />

meordebo<strong>da</strong>, aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> nawyveti pavle<br />

mociqulis meore epistole<strong>da</strong>n (axali<br />

aRTqma), me-11 Tavis 25_27-e muxlebi. gamoirkva,<br />

rom qarTul, somxur <strong>da</strong> berZnul<br />

Sesatyvis teqstebSi gamoyenebuli<br />

leqsika zog SemTxvevaSi Tanxvdeba<br />

albanurs. aseT sityvebSi gamoyenebul<br />

grafemaTa (asoTa) fonemuri (bgeriTi)<br />

mniSvnelobis didi sizustiT <strong>da</strong>dgena<br />

Zneli aRar iyo. paralelurma teqstebma<br />

saSualeba momca, agreTve, <strong>da</strong>medgina<br />

albanuri enis ramdenime gramatikuli<br />

kategoria, ramac kvlav didi siaxlove<br />

miCvena Tanamedrove udiurTan.<br />

albanuri anbani grafikulad axlos<br />

aris qarTulTan, somxurTan <strong>da</strong><br />

77<br />

eTiopurTan. igi Sedgenili un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

palestinur samyaroSi. axali aRTqmi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

sakiTxavebi uCvenebs gansxvavebebs<br />

sxva enebze arsebul axali aRTqmis<br />

teqstebTan <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom amierkavkasiis<br />

xalxTa enebze arsebuli bibliis<br />

teqstebis gareSe wmi<strong>da</strong> werilis<br />

arqetipis aRdgena ar iqneba srulyofili.<br />

albanuri leqcionaris gaSifvris<br />

Semdeg gaCn<strong>da</strong> Semdegi Teoriuli <strong>da</strong><br />

praqtikuli perspeqtivebi: udiur enas<br />

(saerTod mTis kavkasiis enebs) SesaZlebloba<br />

miecema Tavisi <strong>da</strong>mwerlobisaTvis<br />

diakritikuli niSnebiT <strong>da</strong>mZimebuli<br />

rusuli an laTinuri anbanis<br />

magier gamoiyenos albanuri, romlis<br />

TiToeuli grafema Seesatyviseba Ti-<br />

Toeul fonemas. SesaZlebeli gaxdeba<br />

aRdges udi xalxis saRvTismsaxuro ena<br />

albanuri leqsikis safuZvelze. aseTi<br />

gza imave dros ga<strong>da</strong>arCens udiur enas,<br />

romelic wiTel wignSi Setanil enaTa<br />

Soris iTvleba.<br />

mTis kavkasiuri enebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi<br />

Seswavlisas gamoyenebuli iqneba erTaderTi<br />

uZvelesi samwerlobo ena _<br />

albanuri, rac SesaZleblobas miscems<br />

specialistebs dokumenturad Seamowmon<br />

arsebuli Teoriuli rekonstruqciebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> gacilebiT ufro Sors wavidnen<br />

istoriis siRrmeSi. meti sizustiT<br />

SegveZleba vilaparakoT albaneTis<br />

saxelmwifos ganviTarebis donis, misi<br />

teritoris farglebis, religiis, eTnikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> enobrivi situaciisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />

problemebis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom gauSifrav <strong>da</strong>mwerlobaTa jer kidev<br />

arsebuli sakmao raodenoba XX<br />

saukuneSi erTiT kidev Semcir<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>mwerlobaTmcodneebs<br />

gaufarTovdebaT<br />

TavianTi kvlevis areali, radgan xelT<br />

eqnebaT kidev erTi anbanuri <strong>da</strong>mwerloba,<br />

romlis arsebobac maT icodnen,<br />

magram Teoriuli <strong>da</strong>skvnebisaTvis gamoyenebis<br />

saSualeba ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T somxur<br />

xelnawerSi Semonaxul anbanSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>Svebuli mravali Secdomis gamo.

albanuri teqstebis sruli saxiT<br />

(faqsimile, transkrifcia, Targmani,<br />

paraleluri teqsti, aRmoCenisa <strong>da</strong> ga-<br />

Sifvris istoria, gramatikuli aRwera,<br />

cnobebi albanuri <strong>da</strong>mwerlobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

albaneTis istoriis Sesaxeb) gamoqveynebas<br />

(savaraudoa, 2008 wlis bolos)<br />

udidesi mniSvneloba eqneba ara marto<br />

kavkasiologiis mravali <strong>da</strong>rgisaTvis,<br />

aramed, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, uZvelesi qristianuli<br />

mwerlobis Sesaswavlad. gamocemaze<br />

muSaobs mecnierTa jgufi (z. aleqsiZe,<br />

i. giperti, J.-p. mae, v. Sulce).<br />

<strong>da</strong>sasrul, min<strong>da</strong> erTxel kidev gavimeoro,rom<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ka-<br />

Tolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia meoris aqtiuri <strong>da</strong> uSualo<br />

monawileobis gareSe Cvens Taobas<br />

SesaZloa didxans araferi scodno<strong>da</strong><br />

sinis mTaze aRmoCenili saganZuris<br />

WeSmariti Rirebulebis Sesaxeb.<br />

78

uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi patriarqi ilia II<br />

qarTveli eris sulierebis mfarveli<br />

SoTa nadiraSvili<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis ilia II<br />

moRvaweobis Sedegad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sulierebis<br />

ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani<br />

sasikeTo Zvrebi mox<strong>da</strong>.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, XX saukuneSi<br />

saqarTvelo mZime sulier <strong>da</strong> materialur<br />

pirobebSi cxovrob<strong>da</strong>. sabWoTa<br />

kavSirSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c saqarTvelo faqtobrivad<br />

koloniur mdgomareobaSi iyo,<br />

uxeSad irRveo<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> eris<br />

uflebebi. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba<br />

Seiqmna sulieri cxovrebis<br />

sferoSi. sarwmunoebisa <strong>da</strong> erovnuli<br />

interesebis <strong>da</strong>mcveli a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

mimarT saxelmwifo sagangebo represiebs<br />

mimarTav<strong>da</strong>. aseT pirobebSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo patriarqma Tavisi moRvaweoba.<br />

man rwmeniT aRsavse gonivruli<br />

saqmianobiT qarTvel erSi gaaRviva<br />

<strong>da</strong> ganamtkica qristianul-marTlmadidebluri<br />

rwmena, raze<strong>da</strong>c agebuli<br />

iyo odiTganve qarTveli eris kultura<br />

<strong>da</strong> cnobiereba. patriarqis <strong>da</strong>msaxurebaa,<br />

rom dRes qarTveli xalxi<br />

masobrivad Semobrun<strong>da</strong> eklesiuri<br />

cxovrebisaken; xalxs gauCn<strong>da</strong> miswrafeba<br />

icxovros qristianul-mar-<br />

Tlmadidebluri moTxovnebis mixedviT.<br />

patriarqis moRvaweobiT aseTi<br />

rwmenis gavrceleba <strong>da</strong> ganmtkiceba<br />

drouli <strong>da</strong> saWiroa CvenTvis, radgan<br />

qarTveli xalxi dRes erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />

Camoyalibebis gzaze dgas.<br />

patriarqma didi wvlili Seitana<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobis ideis ganmtkicebaSi,<br />

magram <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg<br />

verc erTma xelisuflebam qarTvel<br />

ers ver <strong>da</strong>usaxa Tavisufali erovnuli<br />

saxelmwifos aSenebis amocana, mizani,<br />

idea, rac qarTvel ers gaaerTianeb<strong>da</strong><br />

am amocanis Sesasruleblad.<br />

xelisuflebasa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebs gauCn<strong>da</strong>T<br />

kerZo miznebi <strong>da</strong> amocanebi,<br />

romelTa ganxorcielebis procesSi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, calkeuli jgufebi <strong>da</strong> partiebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>upirispirdnen erTmaneTs, ris<br />

gamoc SeuZlebeli gax<strong>da</strong> Tavisufali<br />

erovnuli saxelmwifos aSeneba.<br />

patriarqma <strong>da</strong>iwyo moRvaweoba saer-<br />

To-erovnuli amocanis <strong>da</strong>saxvisaTvis,<br />

rac aucilebelia erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />

mSeneblobis <strong>da</strong>sawyebad. am<br />

mxriv, did mniSvnelobas iZens patriarqis<br />

moRvaweoba, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c Cvenma<br />

xalxma <strong>da</strong>iwyo religiur-kulturuli<br />

Zeglebis aRdgena <strong>da</strong> eklesiuri saqmianoba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris <strong>da</strong>debiTi<br />

ganwyobilebebis Camoyalibeba <strong>da</strong><br />

es urTierTobebi ufro Semwynarebluri<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriaSi cnobil<br />

saeklesio moRvaweTa saxelebi eklesiebis<br />

mSeneblobasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />

sagangebod un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos patriarq<br />

ilia II didi moRvaweoba axali<br />

saeklesio mSeneblobis saqmeSi. misi<br />

xelmZRvanelobiT aigo samebis ekle-<br />

79

80<br />

sia, romelic udidesi <strong>da</strong> brwyinvale<br />

nagebobaa. igi ukve did rols asrulebs<br />

xalxis sulieri gaerTianebis<br />

saqmeSi. TviT mSeneblobis procesic<br />

iqca qarTvelTa <strong>da</strong>axloebis <strong>da</strong> Tanam-<br />

Sromlobis arenad. masSi mravalma<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianma Seitana garkveuli wvlili.<br />

rogorc patriarqma aRniSna,ar SeiZleba<br />

ar movixsenioT am saqmeSi didi qarTveli<br />

mecenati, romelmac Tavisi gvaris<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxelebac ar isurva. qarTveli<br />

eri didi madlierebiT <strong>da</strong> pativiscemiT<br />

aris ganmsWvaluli batoni biZina<br />

ivaniSvilis mimarT.<br />

eris cxovrebaSi patriarqis moRvaweoba<br />

mxolod saeklesio saqmianobiT<br />

ar amoiwureba. misi Sexedulebebi<br />

qarTveli xalxis cxovrebis wesis,<br />

pirovnebis aRzrdis, axalgazrdobis<br />

ganaTlebis <strong>da</strong>, saerTod, mecnierebis<br />

Sesaxeb did gavlenas axdens qarTveli<br />

eris sulier ganviTarebaze. es Sexedulebebi<br />

kargad aris warmodgenili patriarqis<br />

epistoleebSi, rac mis did<br />

erudiciaze miuTiTebs.<br />

Cven sagangebod gvin<strong>da</strong> aRvniSnoT<br />

patriarqis mosazrebebi aRzrdisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> swavlebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gaTvaliswineba<br />

aucilebelia saskolo<br />

swavla-aRzrdis procesSi. patriarqis<br />

azriT, skolaSi bavSvebs un<strong>da</strong><br />

SevumuSaoT analitikuri <strong>azrovneba</strong>,<br />

romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia<br />

rTul socialur viTarebebSi<br />

garkveva <strong>da</strong> wamoWrili problemebis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta. analitikuri <strong>azrovneba</strong><br />

movlenaTa mizezebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi mimdinareobis<br />

kanonzomierebaTa gagebis<br />

saSualebas iZleva. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>,<br />

samwuxarod, politikurma partiebma<br />

sakuTari Sexedulebebis <strong>da</strong>mcveli<br />

poziciuri <strong>azrovneba</strong> <strong>da</strong>amkvidres.<br />

am calmxrivi tendenciis <strong>da</strong>saZlevad<br />

analitikuri azrovnebis swavleba<br />

aris saWiro. patriarqis am miTiTebis<br />

safuZvelze Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> fsiqolog-<br />

Ta jgufi, romelmac ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita maswavleblebisaTvis<br />

Seeqmna analitikuri<br />

azrovnebis swavlebis meToduri<br />

saxelmZRvanelo. masSi <strong>da</strong>lagebuli<br />

iqneba Semecnebis unarebis ganviTarebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> analitikuri azrovnebis<br />

swavlebis meTodebi. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, moswavleTaTvis<br />

Sedgenili iqneba azrovnebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>uflebisa <strong>da</strong> gavarjiSebis<br />

saxelmZRvanelo.<br />

patriarqma aRniSna isic, rom axalgazrdebis<br />

aRzrdis saqmeSi didi<br />

rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia ganwyobis<br />

Teorias; misi gamoyenebiT Cven Segvi-<br />

Zlia <strong>da</strong>debiTi ganwyobebi SevuqmnaT<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebs maRali, moraluri Rirebulebebis<br />

mimarT.<br />

gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs patriarqi<br />

<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolaSi.<br />

narkomania didi ubedurebaa, romelic<br />

Tavs <strong>da</strong>aty<strong>da</strong> kacobriobas. misi<br />

SesaZlo tragikuli Sedegebi jer<br />

kidev bolomde ar aris gacnobierebuli.<br />

narkomans zogi avadmyofad Tvlis,<br />

zogi _ kriminalad. swori ar<br />

iqneba narkomanis mxolod avadmyofad<br />

an mxolod <strong>da</strong>mnaSaved CaTvla. kibo-<br />

Ti <strong>da</strong> tifiT a<strong>da</strong>miani misi survilisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> nebis gareSe avaddeba. narkomaniiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>avadebaSi ki Tavad individs<br />

Seaqvs wvlili. Cveulebrivad, a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

Tavisi survilis gareSe am seniT<br />

ar avaddeba. man TviTon gamoiwvia<br />

es seni _ is eSmakis msaxuri gax<strong>da</strong>,<br />

riTac xSirad prestiJuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />

rols asrulebs; avrcelebs am sens<br />

sazogadoebaSi <strong>da</strong> borotebis samsaxurSi<br />

dgeba. sazogadoebam un<strong>da</strong> gamonaxos<br />

narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis<br />

efeqturi formebi, raTa <strong>da</strong>icvas<br />

narkomanis sicocxle <strong>da</strong> suliereba.<br />

aseve sazogadoebam un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvas Tavi<br />

am senis gamavrceleblebisagan.<br />

narkomaniam katastrofulad farTo<br />

gavrceleba pova msoflioSi. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />

narkomanTa Tavzar<strong>da</strong>mcem ricxvs<br />

asaxeleben. mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad<br />

erisa <strong>da</strong> mTeli materialuri <strong>da</strong><br />

sulieri Zalebis Cabma aris saWiro.

patriarqma narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

seriozuli muSaoba <strong>da</strong>iwyo, masTan sabrZolvelad<br />

saTanado samecniero <strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi Car-<br />

To. patriarqis inteleqtualuri <strong>da</strong><br />

materialuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebis wyalobiT<br />

aRniSnulma organizaciebma narkomaniis<br />

winaaRmdeg seriozuli muSaoba<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyes.<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZola sami mimarTulebiT aris<br />

saWiro:<br />

1. narkomaniis winaaRmdeg muSaoba<br />

warmatebiT ver <strong>da</strong>mTavrdeba, Tu xelisufleba<br />

intensiurad ar CaerTveba<br />

am saqmianobaSi. saWiroa kanonebis ukiduresi<br />

gamkacreba narkotikebis gamavrceleblebis<br />

winaaRmdeg. fsiqologebma<br />

sazogadoebas un<strong>da</strong> SeumuSaon<br />

uaryofiTi ganwyoba, siZulvili narkotikebis<br />

gamavrceleblebis mimarT.<br />

am mimarTulebiT garkveuli programebi<br />

muSavdeba. saWiroa maTi gafar-<br />

Toeba.<br />

2. seriozuli muSaobaa saWiro Tvi-<br />

Ton narkomanebTan. maT sul ufro<br />

uZneldebaT sazogadoebrivi cxovreba,<br />

samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesruleba<br />

<strong>da</strong> narkotikebis SeZena. aseTi vi-<br />

Tareba ki maT kriminalisken ubiZgebs.<br />

maTi mkurnaloba garkveul reJimSi<br />

cxovrebas moiTxovs, raze<strong>da</strong>c narkomanTa<br />

mcire raodenoba Tanxmdeba. maT<br />

un<strong>da</strong> SevuqmnaT saTanado ganwyoba,<br />

Tavad CaerTon Tavis mkurnalobaSi.<br />

sazogadoebaSi un<strong>da</strong> SemuSavdes narkomanebisadmi<br />

ambivalenturi, ormagi<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba: TanagrZnoba misi<br />

pirovnebisadmi, romelic Sepyrobilia<br />

borotebis msaxuris, satanis, mier <strong>da</strong><br />

siZulvili misi pirovnebis im aspeqtis<br />

mimarT, romelic Tanxmdeba borotebas-<br />

Tan TanamSromlobas. narkomani ava<strong>da</strong>a,<br />

romelsac gankurneba, Svela un<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong><br />

is <strong>da</strong>mnaSavec aris _ borotebas emsaxureba,<br />

ar ibrZvis misgan gansaTavisufleblad<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxvebsac abams am ubedurebaSi.<br />

81<br />

3. rogorc vTqviT, axalgazrdobis<br />

garkveul nawils narkomanoba erTgvar<br />

prestiJul saqmianobad miaCnia. axalgazrdobis<br />

erT nawils narkotikebis<br />

gasinjvis interesi aqvs; maTSi arsebobs<br />

imedi imisa, rom roca moindomeben,<br />

masze uars ityvian. aseTi mc<strong>da</strong>ri<br />

Sexedulebebi narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolas abrkolebs.<br />

fsiqologebma <strong>da</strong> aRzrdis specialistebma<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gamoimuSaon specialuri<br />

meTodebi, romelTa <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT<br />

axalgazrdebs SeumuSaveben mkve-<br />

Tr uaryofiT ganwyobas narkotikebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> narkomanebis mimarT. am ganwyobebSi<br />

dominirebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos siZulvili<br />

<strong>da</strong> zizRi narkotikebisa <strong>da</strong> narkomanebis<br />

mimarT. sulac ar aris saWiro<br />

axalgazrdobaSi narkomanisadmi, rogorc<br />

avadmyofisadmi TanagrZnobisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Sewynarebis gancdis gamomuSaveba.<br />

patriarqis <strong>da</strong>valebiT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT<br />

ukve tardeba garkveuli muSaoba<br />

fsiqologebisa <strong>da</strong> fsiqoTerapevtebis<br />

mier narkomaniis winaaRmdeg.<br />

patriarqis didi moRvaweobis safuZvelze<br />

CvenSi sul ufro mtkicdeba pativiscema<br />

sarwmunoebisadmi, romelic<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulierebas emsaxureba. amave<br />

dros patriarqis moRvaweobis Sedegad<br />

sul ufro izrdeba CvenSi samSoblos,<br />

qarTveli eris ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong> ganmtkicebis<br />

moTxovnileba.<br />

qarTveli eri erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />

aSenebis Znel gzas adgas.<br />

yoveli eri qmnis <strong>da</strong> inaxavs codnasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavis kulturas, rac aucilebelia<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa socialuri cxovrebis organizaciisaTvis.<br />

momavali Taobebi euflebian<br />

<strong>da</strong> aviTareben mas. ase iqmneba<br />

garemo,socialuri pirobebi pirovneba-<br />

Ta Sinagani Zalebisa <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebis<br />

realizaciisaTvis. monur, feo<strong>da</strong>lur,<br />

diqtatorul <strong>da</strong> sabazro principebze<br />

agebul sazogadoebebSi ver<br />

moxerx<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa idealebis ganxorcieleba.<br />

magram a<strong>da</strong>mianTa miswrafeba<br />

gonivruli <strong>da</strong> moraluri cxovrebisak-

82<br />

en sul ufro izrdeba. am miznebis misaRwevad<br />

aucilebelia im uflebebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> movaleobebis naTelyofa <strong>da</strong> aRiareba,<br />

romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mianebs <strong>da</strong> erebs,<br />

rogorc sulier subieqtebs, moekiTxebaT.<br />

didi erebi dResac ver ganTavisufldnen<br />

imperiuli ambiciebisagan. es<br />

badebs mtrobas erebs Soris <strong>da</strong> erebs<br />

SigniT _ a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Soris.<br />

dRes kacobriobis istoriaSi erTgvari<br />

Semobruneba mox<strong>da</strong>: <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavisufali erovnuli saxelmwifoebis<br />

Camoyalibebis procesi <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<br />

isini didi siZnelis winaSe aRmoCndnen.<br />

saqarTveloc swored aseTi siZnelis<br />

winaSe dgas. msoflios <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavisufali qveynebis sistemaSi<br />

CarTva didi sirTuleebis ga<strong>da</strong>laxvas<br />

moiTxovs. am sirTuleebis <strong>da</strong>ZlevisaTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobis mopoveba ar aris<br />

sakmarisi. <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba jer kidev<br />

ar aris Tavisufleba. fsiqologebisTvis<br />

kargad aris cnobili, rom bavSvi<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebis Semdeg <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli organizmi<br />

xdeba, magram is jer kidev<br />

ar aris Tavisufali arseba. Tavisuflebis<br />

miRweva mas 16_17 wlis asakSi<br />

SeuZlia, rodesac man Tavad un<strong>da</strong> air-<br />

Cios cxovrebis wesi, romelsac is Seasrulebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> romelzec is pasuxismgeblobas<br />

aiRebs. aseTsave mdgomareoba-<br />

Sia eri. <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis mopovebis<br />

Semdeg man Tavad un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos Seqmnas<br />

Tavisi arsebobis pirobebi, airCios<br />

Tavisi cxovrebis wesi, <strong>da</strong>amyaros sxva<br />

erebTan TanamSromluri urTierToba,<br />

gaiTvaliswinos Tavisi <strong>da</strong> masTan urTierTobaSi<br />

myofi eri-saxelmwifoebis<br />

ufleba-movaleobebi, pasuxi agos Tavis<br />

moqmedebebze.<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba Zalian<br />

mZimea. am gzis gavlis Semdeg eri<br />

yalibdeba Tavisufal erovnul saxelmwifod,<br />

subieqtad, Tavisufal sulier<br />

arsebad. amitom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi gaurbian<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobas <strong>da</strong> ara Tavisuflebas,<br />

rogorc es froms egona.<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong>, rom <strong>da</strong>moukideblobisagan<br />

gaqcevis oTxi gza arsebobs:<br />

pirveli _ ukan, Zveli patronisaken<br />

<strong>da</strong>bruneba; meore _ axali patronis<br />

Zieba; mesame _ nevrozuli fusfusi,<br />

riTac a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Tavisuflebis iluzias<br />

iqmnian. bolo 17 wlis manZilze<br />

Cven samive gza ukve vcadeT, meoTxes,<br />

Tavisuflebisaken mimaval gzas, jer<br />

kidev ver <strong>da</strong>vadeqiT.<br />

erT dros Cveni xelisufleba ukan<br />

<strong>da</strong>brunebas cdilob<strong>da</strong>. miRebulad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong><br />

debuleba: `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ruseTis<br />

gareSe cxovreba ar SeuZlia~.<br />

SemdgomSi axali patronis Ziebis<br />

periodi <strong>da</strong>iwyo; miiCneo<strong>da</strong>, rom Cven<br />

axali patronis mfarvelobis qveS<br />

un<strong>da</strong> SevsuliyaviT, aqtualuri gax<strong>da</strong><br />

debuleba: `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> evropisa <strong>da</strong><br />

amerikis mfarvelobis gareSe cxovreba<br />

ar SeuZlia~. <strong>da</strong>iwyo `nevrozuli<br />

fusfusi~. Cven Tavisufali saxelmwifo<br />

rom gavxdeT, un<strong>da</strong> aRvadginoT<br />

`abreSumis gza~, saqarTveloze un<strong>da</strong><br />

gavataroT navTobisa <strong>da</strong> gazis milebi,<br />

gzebi, un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vemsgavsoT ganviTarebul<br />

saxelmwifoebs; aqamde arsebulma<br />

verc erTma xelisuflebam qveyanas<br />

ver <strong>da</strong>usaxa erTiani erovnuli mizani,<br />

rac gaaerTianeb<strong>da</strong> qarTvel ers Tavisufali<br />

saxelmwifos mSeneblobis<br />

saqmeSi. ra miznebisa <strong>da</strong> amocanebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxvaa amisaTvis saWiro? Cem mier<br />

uxerxulia am sakiTxebze msjeloba,<br />

magram zoga<strong>da</strong>d mainc vityvi: <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

xelisuflebam un<strong>da</strong> gamonaxos<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>Tvis prioritetuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>rgebi, romelTa ganviTarebis<br />

safuZvelze Cven gavxdebiT erovnuli<br />

saxelmwifo. eseni Semdegia: erovnuli<br />

mrewveloba <strong>da</strong> soflis meurneoba,<br />

erovnuli ganaTleba <strong>da</strong> kultura.<br />

erovnul kulturaSi vgulisxmob<br />

literaturas, musikas, Teatrs, kinos<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis SemoqmedebiT<br />

saqmianobas. saWiroa ganviTardes<br />

mecniereba, jan<strong>da</strong>cva, sazogadoebrivi<br />

usafrTxoeba <strong>da</strong> samxedro saqme.<br />

aseT viTarebaSi yuradRebiT un<strong>da</strong>

movekidoT patriarqis <strong>da</strong>rigebas, rom<br />

Cveni qveynis saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis<br />

procesSi yvelaze didi Rirebuleba<br />

RmerTs, ersa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mians eni-<br />

Weba. igi Tavis sulier moRvaweobasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> praqtikul saqmianobaSi warmatebiT<br />

amkvidrebs aRniSnul Sexedulebas.<br />

qarTveli xalxi didi mowiwebiT<br />

gamoxatavs Tavis siyvaruls <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> unetaresis ilia II mimarT. usurvebs<br />

mas xangrZliv sicocxles, raTa kidev<br />

didxans emsaxuros Cveni qveynis sulieri<br />

zrdisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis saqmes.<br />

83

swored amitom saxelisuflo Zalebs<br />

ar sur<strong>da</strong>T, rom eklesiis saTaveSi ase-<br />

Ti pirovneba mosuliyo. did WidilSi<br />

ilia SiolaSvilis kandi<strong>da</strong>turam sabolood<br />

gaimarjva. Znelia Tqma, ra Zalebma<br />

imoqmedes, magram am saqmeSi rom<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti uflis neba iyo, es u<strong>da</strong>voa.<br />

saerTo ganukiTxaobisa <strong>da</strong> urwmunoebis<br />

pirobebSi qveyanaSi naTeli adgili<br />

un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo. ufalma sabolood<br />

ar gawira RvTismSoblis wilxvedri<br />

saqarTvelo.<br />

ilia II kurTxevamde <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />

eklesias mcirericxovani mrevli hyav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

magram mis intronizacias sveticxovlis<br />

taZarSi bevri xalxi <strong>da</strong>eswro,<br />

eklesia <strong>da</strong> sveticxovlis ezo<br />

xalxiT iyo savse, morwmuneebiT, sanaxaobis<br />

moyvarulebiTa <strong>da</strong> saTanado organoTa<br />

TanamSromlebis didi raodenobiT.<br />

kurTxevis dros ilia II TiTqos na-<br />

Tels afrqvev<strong>da</strong>. Cem siaxloves mdgomi<br />

Cemi kargi nacnobi aTeistebi gakvirvebas<br />

ver malavdnen.<br />

ilia II aRsaydrebi<strong>da</strong>n eklesiaSi<br />

mlocvelTa ricxvma Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan imata.<br />

intronizaciis erTi wlisTavze ukve<br />

mcxeTis misadgomebi<strong>da</strong>n aRar iyo<br />

xalxis teva. eklesiaSi axalgazrdoba<br />

momravl<strong>da</strong>, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gogonebi, gulze<br />

jvriT, magram iyvnen ymawvilebic. wirvis<br />

dros eklesiaSi teva aRar iyo. uwmidesis,<br />

ilia II madli moefina saqamariam<br />

lorTqifaniZe<br />

patriarqi <strong>da</strong> morwmuneni<br />

Cems Taobas <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriis<br />

erT-erT umZimes dros ergo cxovreba.<br />

komunisturi totalitaruli reJimis<br />

represiebis viTarebaSi, sarwmunoebis,<br />

eklesiis msaxurTa devnis, eklesiaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>rbevis, urwmunoebis sayovelTao<br />

<strong>da</strong>nergvisaTvis brZolis pirobebSi<br />

Taobebi izrdebodnen <strong>da</strong> gaizardnen<br />

aTeistebad.<br />

qarTuli eklesia Cveni inteligenciis<br />

mcirericxovani warmomadgenlebis,<br />

sakmaod mcirericxovani morwmune<br />

mrevlis mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT, eklesiis<br />

msaxurTa Tav<strong>da</strong>debiTa <strong>da</strong> simtkiciT<br />

mainc idga fexze <strong>da</strong> erTgulad icav<strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis principebs, sakuTar arsebobas,<br />

cdilob<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>erCina eri ga<strong>da</strong>gvarebisagan.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad sastiki devnisa,qarTulma<br />

eklesiam, kaTolikos-patriarqebma,<br />

rigiTma <strong>da</strong> maRali donis msaxurebma<br />

<strong>da</strong>icves qarTuli eklesiis Rirseba.<br />

1977 wels gar<strong>da</strong>icvala kaTolikospatriarqi<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT V, romelic 1972 wli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

iyo Cveni eklesiis uzenaesi xelisufali.<br />

<strong>da</strong>dga patriarqis `arCevis~<br />

sakiTxi, rac faqtobrivad samTavrobo<br />

doneze wydebo<strong>da</strong>. qarTuli inteligenciis<br />

mcirericxovani jgufi cxumafxazeTis<br />

mitropolits ilia SiolaSvils<br />

uWer<strong>da</strong> mxars. mas icnobdnen<br />

rogorc ganaTlebul, xalxisa <strong>da</strong> rwmenisaTvis<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>debul pirovnebas, mas<br />

ukve didi saxeli hqon<strong>da</strong> moxveWili.<br />

84

Tvelos, xalxi eklesiisaken, rwmenisaken<br />

mobrun<strong>da</strong>. ar iyo advili aTeuli<br />

wlebis manZilze Seqmnili zRurblis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>laxva. es zRurbli qarTvel xalxs<br />

ilis II madlma ga<strong>da</strong>alaxvina.<br />

zogi skeptikosi eWvs gamoTqvam<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom axalgazrdobis nawili fexis<br />

xmas ahyva. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom<br />

eklesiaSi misulTa Soris aTeistebic,<br />

saerTo gatacebas ayolilebic iyvnen,<br />

magram Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan isinic Seicnobdnen<br />

rwmenis madls, maTi Svilebi, SviliSvilebi<br />

eklesiurad,morwmuneebad gaizrdebodnen.<br />

wirvis, didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis<br />

dros, eklesiaSi yovelTvis<br />

iyvnen garkveul samsaxurTa warmomadgenlebi.<br />

kargad viciT, rogor<br />

ibarebdnen axalgazrdebs,emuqrebodnen<br />

kidec, magram ukve am rwmenis amoZirkva<br />

SeuZlebeli iyo <strong>da</strong> am SemobrunebaSi<br />

udidesi Rvawli patriarqs miuZRvis.<br />

gaxSir<strong>da</strong> jvriswerebi, bavSvebs ukve,<br />

rogorc wesi, yvela naTlav<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong> es<br />

yvelaferi jer kidev komunisturi re-<br />

Jimis dros xdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

eri imediT Sescqero<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Sescqeris<br />

uwmidessa <strong>da</strong> unetaress. mis<br />

locvas auracxeli xalxi eswreba, eswrafvian<br />

misi `epistoleebis~ mosmenas<br />

<strong>da</strong> wakiTxvas,radgan maTSi qveynis momavlis<br />

imeds xe<strong>da</strong>ven. aTeisti qarTveloba<br />

morwmune erad Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>. yvela<br />

marTlmadidebel qarTvels uwmidesisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> unetaresis ilia II didi imedi aqvs.<br />

ufali iyos ilia II <strong>da</strong> Cveni Semwe.<br />

85

mama giorgi zvia<strong>da</strong>Ze<br />

Jami Senebisa...<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia II Rvawli uaRresad mravalferovani<br />

<strong>da</strong> nayofieria. albaT SeuZlebelia<br />

im <strong>da</strong>msaxurebis zedmiwevniT aRnusxva<br />

<strong>da</strong> gadmocema, romlis aRsrulebac<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis mwyemsmTavaris<br />

maRali sulierebis, ganaTlebis,<br />

gonierebisa <strong>da</strong> sibrZnis Sedegad gax<strong>da</strong><br />

SesaZlebeli. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

moRvaweoba mxolod imiT ar amoiwureba,<br />

rac dRes yvelasTvis xelSesaxebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> cxadia. masSi bevri ram aris iseTi,<br />

rasac udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni<br />

sulierebisa <strong>da</strong> aRorZinebisTvis, Tumca,<br />

Cveulebriv, aseTi Rvawli materialuri<br />

TvaliT ar ixilveba <strong>da</strong> mxolod RvTisTvis<br />

aris sacnauri. misi uwmidesobis patriarqobis<br />

oc<strong>da</strong>aTwliani moRvaweoba<br />

86<br />

erTgvari mowameobaa, ramac <strong>da</strong>sabami<br />

misca Cveni xalxis sulier feriscvalebas,<br />

eklesiurobisagan gaucxoebuli<br />

qarTveli eris kvlav eklesiis wiaRSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>brunebas, rac mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod<br />

patriarqis udidesi ZalisxmeviTa <strong>da</strong><br />

pirovnuli magaliTiT gax<strong>da</strong> SesaZlebeli.<br />

yvelasTvis cnobilia, Tu ra mniSvneloba<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong> Cveni eklesiisa <strong>da</strong> erisaTvis<br />

Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis<br />

<strong>da</strong>fuZnebas, romlis gareSec warmoudgeneli<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong> qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo<br />

azrovnebis aRorZineba <strong>da</strong> ganviTareba,<br />

an, Tun<strong>da</strong>c, _ gelaTis akademiis<br />

amoqmedebas, gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis <strong>da</strong>fuZnebas; sasuliero saswavleblebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> samrevlo skolebis<br />

gaxsnas qveynis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva regionSi;<br />

eklesia-monastrebis aRdgenasa <strong>da</strong> aRm-<br />

Seneblobas; eparqiebis gamravlebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> axali mRvdelmTavrebis kurTxevas;<br />

axali wmin<strong>da</strong>nebis kanonizacias;<br />

saRvTismetyvelo literaturis gamocemas;<br />

sapatriarqoSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva umniSvnelovanesi<br />

samsaxuris Seqmnas, rac<br />

miznad isaxavs eklesiis aRorZinebas;<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> samebis taZris agebas, rac erTgvari<br />

gvirgvinia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

moRvaweobisa.<br />

erTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong> sulierebis, kulturisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis<br />

aRorZinebisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqmedo<br />

fondis <strong>da</strong>fuZnebas.<br />

rogorc uwmidesi patriarqi Tavis<br />

erT-erT epistoleSi aRniSnavs: `saqarTvelo<br />

mxolod maSin ga<strong>da</strong>rCeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>imkvidrebs<br />

Rirseul adgils msoflioSi,<br />

Tu igi Tavis tradiciebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />

Seqmnis Tanamedrove teqnologiebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

miRwevebze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebul qarTul saxelmwifos.<br />

am orive pirobis Sesruleba<br />

metad mniSvnelovania Cveni arsebobisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />

erT-erTi maTganis mokleba umZimesi<br />

Sedegis momtani iqneba qveynisaTvis~<br />

(saaRdgomo epistole. 23 aprili,<br />

2006 weli).<br />

patriarqis fondi <strong>da</strong>fuZn<strong>da</strong> 2005<br />

wlis 8 Tebervals, samebis sakaTedro

taZarSi, rodesac wmi<strong>da</strong> eklesia <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> saqarTvelo sazeimod aRniSnavdnen<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis<br />

dRes.<br />

misma uwmidesobam am dResTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

sagangebod aRniSna: `dRes<br />

aris gansakuTrebuli, istoriuli<br />

dRe. dRes fuZndeba <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis fondi,<br />

romelsac didi mniSvneloba eqneba<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>aTvis. es iqneba is fondi,<br />

romlis saqmianobaSic monawileobis<br />

miReba SeeZleba nebismier a<strong>da</strong>mians,<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad misi religiuri <strong>da</strong><br />

erovnuli kuTvnilebisa. es iqneba is<br />

fondi, romelic Zalisxmevas ar <strong>da</strong>i-<br />

Surebs, raTa ganamtkicos erovnuli <strong>da</strong><br />

saxelmwifoebrivi <strong>azrovneba</strong>; Cven un<strong>da</strong><br />

vicodeT vina varT, vin viyaviT an vin<br />

un<strong>da</strong> viyoT...<br />

es fondi izrunebs ara marto sulierebis<br />

ganmtkicebisTvis, aramed<br />

kulturisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis aRorZinebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> ganviTarebisTvis, rasac udidesi<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> momavlisaTvis.<br />

amitom, Cven gveqneba Zalian<br />

mWidro kavSiri Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiasTan,<br />

Cvens universitetebTan,umaRles<br />

saswavleblebTan <strong>da</strong> yvelafers<br />

gavakeTebT imisaTvis, rom mecnierebs<br />

<strong>da</strong>vexmaroT. magram mTavari mainc is<br />

aris, rom erovnuli <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

<strong>azrovneba</strong> ganmtkicdes CvenSi.~<br />

bunebrivia, fondis <strong>da</strong>fuZnebasTan<br />

87<br />

erTad Seiqmna debuleba, romelSic<br />

gaTvaliswinebul iqna yvela mniSvnelovani<br />

sakiTxi, rac uSualod ukav-<br />

Sirdeba fondis muSaobis organizaciasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> struqturas. fondis saqmianobas,<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

TavmjdomareobiT,warmarTavs<br />

mmarTveli sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

Sedian: <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposi,<br />

mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe), mwerali<br />

guram doCanaSvili, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

saxalxo artisti anzor erqomaiSvili,<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori rusu<strong>da</strong>n<br />

lorTqifaniZe, akademikosi SoTa<br />

nadiraSvili, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxalxo<br />

artisti, kompozitori biZina kvernaZe,<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis prezidenti Tamaz gamyreliZe,<br />

akademikosi <strong>da</strong>viT musxeliSvili, xuTgzis<br />

msoflio <strong>da</strong> qalTa olimpiadebis<br />

TerTmetgzis Cempioni WadrakSi nona<br />

gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili, kavSiri `nacionaluri<br />

lobis~ xelmZRvaneli giorgi andriaZe,<br />

mxatvari rusu<strong>da</strong>n fetviaSvili, xelovnebaTmcodne<br />

rusu<strong>da</strong>n yenia.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisadmi<br />

xelSewyoba <strong>da</strong> Tanadgoma fondis moRvaweobis<br />

umTavres prioritetad miiCnia<br />

<strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, yoveli warmodgenili<br />

proeqtis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi<br />

miiReba is, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania<br />

ama Tu im proeqtis ganxorcieleba<br />

sulierebis, kulturisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebisTvis. sxdomebs, romlebic<br />

TveSi erTxel imarTeba, Tavad kaTolikos-partiarqi<br />

warmarTavs, romelic<br />

ama Tu im proeqtis safuZvliani ganxilvis<br />

Semdgom,mmarTveli sabWos wevrebTan<br />

erTad iRebs ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas misi<br />

<strong>da</strong>finansebis Sesaxeb. saWiroebis Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

sabWos sxdomaze iwvevs mxar<strong>da</strong>Werili<br />

proeqtebis avtorebs, raTa<br />

Tavad maTgan moisminos amomwuravi<br />

informacia proeqtis mizan<strong>da</strong>saxulobisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> misi ganxorcielebis saSualebebis<br />

Sesaxeb. patriarqis fondTan arsebobs<br />

droebiTi komisiebi, romlebic<br />

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi fondis mmarTvel<br />

sabWos uzrunvelyofen kompetenturi<br />

rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebiT.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

saTanadod Seafasa qveyanaSi arsebuli<br />

umwvavesi viTareba, rac narkomanias<br />

ukavSirdeba <strong>da</strong> mis winaaRmdeg brZola<br />

fondis erT-erT umTavres prioritetad<br />

gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>.<br />

am mizniT, d. uznaZis fsiqologiis<br />

institutis mecnierTa jgufis mier es<br />

sakiTxi mecnierulad iqna Seswavlili.

aseve garkveuli samuSao Sesrul<strong>da</strong> narkomaniis<br />

mimarT sazogadoebis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />

gamosavlenad (2005 w.).<br />

kvlevis monacemebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />

SemuSav<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebaSi antinarkotikuli<br />

ganwyobis Seqmnis gegma <strong>da</strong> Seiqmna<br />

fondTan arsebuli antinarkotikuli<br />

centri (2006 w.), romlis umTavres amocanas<br />

warmoadgens narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolis prevenciuli midgomebis<br />

kvleva <strong>da</strong> ganxorcieleba.<br />

amave programis farglebSi Tbilisis<br />

Taboris mTaze mdebare `feriscvalebisa~<br />

<strong>da</strong> martyofis `yovelTa wmi<strong>da</strong>-<br />

Tas~ monastrebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong><br />

qimiur nivTierebebze <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />

mqone pirTa narkologiuri fsiqosareabilitacio<br />

centrebi (2006 w.).<br />

fondis muSaoba am kuTxiT sul<br />

ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro kvalificiuri <strong>da</strong><br />

masStaburi xdeba.<br />

fondis xelSewyobiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>finansebiT<br />

aRdga qarTuli Jurnalebis:<br />

`ciskaris~, `mnaTobisa~ <strong>da</strong> `literatura<br />

<strong>da</strong> xelovnebis~ gamocema; <strong>da</strong>finans<strong>da</strong><br />

mravali samecniero,literaturuli,<br />

istoriuli, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi Tu<br />

avtobiografiuli xasiaTis wigni <strong>da</strong><br />

gamocema, maT Soris:<br />

_ axalgazr<strong>da</strong> mecnieris irakli gunias<br />

wigni `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> monastrebi~;<br />

_ Rvawlmosili mecnieris mixeil<br />

gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svilis fun<strong>da</strong>menturi naSromi<br />

`qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis<br />

istoria~;<br />

_ profesor vaxtang jobaZis naSromi<br />

`adreuli Sua saukuneebis qar-<br />

Tuli monastrebi istoriul taoSi,<br />

klarjeTsa <strong>da</strong> SavSeTSi~;<br />

_ mweral SoTa xo<strong>da</strong>Snelis wigni<br />

`moqan<strong>da</strong>ke, restavratori – karlo bakuraZe~;<br />

_ profesor amiran arabulisa <strong>da</strong><br />

eTer TaTaraiZis wigni-albomi `SendobiT<br />

momixsenieT~;<br />

_ wigni _ `Seni ca, ana~, romelic<br />

eZRvneba cnobili qarTveli poetis ana<br />

kalan<strong>da</strong>Zis 80 wlis iubiles.<br />

88<br />

_ mayvala berianiZis wigni _ `gul-<br />

Si <strong>da</strong>teuli didi saqarTvelo~. wigni<br />

warmoadgens <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istorias<br />

bavSvebisaTvis (5 nawilad).<br />

fondis TanadgomiT gamomcemloba<br />

`xelovnebam~ <strong>da</strong>beW<strong>da</strong> trilogiis<br />

pirveli wigni _ `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sulieri<br />

saganZuri~, romelSic warmodgenilia<br />

<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebuli eklesia-monastrebis<br />

istoria <strong>da</strong> maTi mniSvneloba<br />

Cveni kulturisa <strong>da</strong> sulierebisTvis.<br />

naSromi gamoica qarTul <strong>da</strong> inglisur<br />

enebze.<br />

fondis erT-erTi mTavari prioritetia<br />

kulturuli TanamSromloba<br />

ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens TanamemamuleebTan.<br />

am programis farglebSi:<br />

_ Caiwera lazuri folkloruli<br />

simRerebis pirveli kompaqt-diski;<br />

_ <strong>da</strong>finans<strong>da</strong> qarTuli delegaciis<br />

gamgzavreba istoriul lazur qalaq<br />

arqabSi (TurqeTi) gamarTul folklorul<br />

festivalze, sa<strong>da</strong>c pirvelad<br />

aJRer<strong>da</strong> sapatriarqos radio `iveriis~<br />

studiaSi Cawerili axali lazuri sim-<br />

Rerebi;<br />

_ <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong> kulturuli centri<br />

<strong>da</strong> sastumro saxli fereidneli qarTvelebisaTvis.<br />

fondi did yuradRebas uTmobs<br />

qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> energetikuli usafrTxoebisaTvis<br />

aucilebeli proeqtebis mecnierulad<br />

<strong>da</strong>muSavebasa <strong>da</strong> momzadebas. am mizniT,<br />

fondTan Seiqmna `navTobisa <strong>da</strong> gazis~<br />

droebiTi komisia, romelic muSaobs<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> navTobisa <strong>da</strong> gazis<br />

saZiebo <strong>da</strong> mompovebeli <strong>da</strong>rgis ganvi-<br />

Tarebis erovnuli programis SemuSavebaze.<br />

patriarqis fondi yovelwliurad<br />

atarebs did saerTaSoriso festivals<br />

_ `aRdgomi<strong>da</strong>n amaRlebamde,~ romlis<br />

mizania axalgazrdobis <strong>da</strong>intereseba<br />

qarTuli <strong>da</strong> msoflio klasikuri xelovnebiT,<br />

ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvel<br />

xelovanTa <strong>da</strong> qarTuli kulturiT

<strong>da</strong>interesebul ucxoel Semsrulebel-<br />

Ta Semoqmedebis popularizaciiT <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />

2006 wels <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis fondTan <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong><br />

qarTuli sagaloblisa <strong>da</strong> xalxuri<br />

simReris saerTaSoriso centri,<br />

romlis mizania lotbarebis momzadeba,<br />

samgaloblo saswavleblebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

folkloruli centrebis <strong>da</strong>arseba <strong>da</strong><br />

qarTuli kulturis popularizacia<br />

sazRvargareT.<br />

fondi aqtiurad monawileobs qveynis<br />

kulturuli memkvidreobis <strong>da</strong>cvisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rCenis saqmeSi.<br />

fondma <strong>da</strong>afinansa saxelmwifo saistorio<br />

arqivSi <strong>da</strong>culi, XII_XIII saukuneebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>TariRebuli,erT-erTi uZvelesi<br />

qarTuli xelnaweri Zeglis – an-<br />

Cis saxarebis (oTxTavi) restavracia.<br />

fondi aqtiurad TanamSromlobs<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qarTul <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso<br />

telemauwyebelTan; misi patronaJiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>finansebiT safuZveli Caeyara<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saswavlo-SemecnebiT teleproeqts;<br />

<strong>da</strong>finans<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Janris<br />

satelevizio-dokumenturi filmi,<br />

maT Soris, saxelmwifoTaSorisi teleradiokompania<br />

`mir~-is <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

warmomadgenlobis mier warmodgenili<br />

proeqti _ `eris sulieri aRorZineba~;<br />

fondis aqtiuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT mauwyeblobs<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli qarTuli<br />

telekompania `iveria~.<br />

fondi zrunavs gamoCenil <strong>da</strong> axalgazr<strong>da</strong><br />

qarTvel mxatvarTa Semoqmedebis<br />

popularizaciaze. am programis<br />

farglebSi moewyo mxatvar reno<br />

Turqias <strong>da</strong>badebis 80 wlisTavisadmi<br />

miZRvnili saRamo <strong>da</strong> ferweruli <strong>da</strong><br />

grafikuli namuSevrebis gamofena.<br />

agreTve, periodulad tardeba Tematuri<br />

niSniT Seqmnili sabavSvo naxatebis<br />

gamofena-konkursi.<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT fondi<br />

aqtiurad muSaobs demografiuli<br />

problemis mogvarebisaTvis saWiro<br />

erovnuli programis Seqmnaze. programis<br />

amoqmedeba <strong>da</strong>gegmilia 2008 wlis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sawyisisTvis.<br />

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom fondSi, <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqTan,<br />

xSirad ikribebian qarTveli<br />

mecnierebi, mwerlebi, xelovnebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

kulturis muSakebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c msjeloben sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

mniSvnelovan sakiTxze; gansakuTrebuli<br />

yuradReba eTmoba afxaze-<br />

Tisa <strong>da</strong> cxinvalis regionis Temas <strong>da</strong><br />

im gzebis Ziebas, romlebic aRadgens<br />

Cveni xalxebis mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas<br />

erTian saxelmwifoSi.<br />

misi uwmidesobis iniciativiT<br />

fondSi xSirad imarTeba saintereso<br />

ideebisa <strong>da</strong> naSromebis prezentacia,<br />

romelic sazogadoebisa <strong>da</strong> mediis did<br />

<strong>da</strong>interesebas iwvevs.<br />

fondis yoveldRiur saqmianobasa <strong>da</strong><br />

gamarTul funqcionirebas, mmarTveli<br />

sabWos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis aRsrulebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> fondis mier gacemuli grantebis<br />

miznobriv xarjvaze kontrols uzrunvelyofs<br />

fondis samdivno, romelsac<br />

xelmZRvanelobs aRmasrulebeli mdivani.<br />

fonds finansur mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras uweven<br />

qarTveli <strong>da</strong> ucxoeli mecenatebi.<br />

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia fondisadmi<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mosaxleobis mier<br />

gaweuli finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera.<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />

fondma qarTveli sazogadoebriobis<br />

didi ndoba <strong>da</strong> Tanadgoma moipova, rac,<br />

bunebrivia, ganpirobebulia imiT, rom<br />

misi Tavmjdomare Tavad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi<br />

ilia meorea, romelic udidesi<br />

avtoritetiT sargeblobs ara marto<br />

Tavis samSobloSi – <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>,<br />

aramed mTel marTlmadideblur samyaroSi.<br />

ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos,<br />

rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samociqulo eklesiis<br />

saWeTmpyroblis locva-kurTxeviT<br />

fonds hyavs uaRresad kompetenturi<br />

mmarTveli sabWo, romlis Semadgenlo-<br />

89

aSic Cveni inteligenciis TvalsaCino<br />

warmomadgenlebi arian. fonds samomavlod<br />

Zalian mniSvnelovani miznebi<br />

aqvs <strong>da</strong>saxuli, romelTa ganxorcielebac,<br />

vfiqrobT, di<strong>da</strong>d Seuwyobs xels<br />

saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobas, sulierebis,<br />

kulturisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis<br />

Semdgom aRorZinebasa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebas.<br />

imedi gvaqvs, rom RvTis madliT,<br />

uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi patriarqis sibrZniTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mosaxleobis<br />

SewevniT fondis saqmianoba momavalSi<br />

kidev ufro warmatebuli iqneba, rac,<br />

uTuod, gulisxmobs qarTuli saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samociqulo<br />

eklesiisadmi Tanadgomas.<br />

90

joni xecuriani<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II<br />

<strong>da</strong> konstituciuri SeTanxmeba<br />

XX saukunis miwurulsa <strong>da</strong> XXI<br />

saukunis <strong>da</strong>mdegs, mesame aTaswleulis<br />

mijnaze, <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> momx<strong>da</strong>rma umniSvnelovanesma<br />

movlenebma didi gavlena<br />

iqonia qarTveli eris politikur,ekonomikur,kulturul<br />

<strong>da</strong> sulier<br />

cxovrebaze. qveyanam aRidgina <strong>da</strong>karguli<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavis bunebriv mdgomareobas<br />

<strong>da</strong>ubrun<strong>da</strong> – gaagrZela qarTuli<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis samiaTaswlovani<br />

tradicia. amasTanave, Seudga demokratiuli,<br />

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos<br />

mSeneblobas.<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis ur-<br />

Tules problemebTan erTad ga<strong>da</strong>sawyveti<br />

iyo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis, agreTve sxva religiuri<br />

organizaciebis samarTlebrivi<br />

mdgomareobis, saxelmwifos <strong>da</strong> eklesiis<br />

urTierTobis, rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> aRmsareblobis<br />

Tavisuflebis sakanonmdeblo<br />

reglamentaciis sakiTxebi.<br />

Tanamedrove etapze am sakiTxebis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta TiTqos ioli saqme un<strong>da</strong><br />

yofiliyo, radganac sayovelTao<strong>da</strong>a<br />

cnobili rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> aRmsareblobis<br />

sferoSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis ZiriTadi uflebebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> religiuri organizaciebis<br />

Tanasworuflebianobis saerTaSoriso<br />

samarTlebrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi. bunebrivia,<br />

demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos<br />

mSenebloba moiTxov<strong>da</strong>, uwinares<br />

yovlisa, swored am sayovelTaod<br />

97<br />

aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi<br />

normebisa <strong>da</strong> principebis gadmoRebas<br />

nacionalur kanonmdeblobaSi.<br />

magram, amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebeli<br />

iyo qarTuli saxelmwifos istoriuli<br />

gamocdileba <strong>da</strong> qarTveli eris<br />

tradiciebi.<br />

qarTveloba uZvelesi qristiani<br />

marTlmadidebeli eria. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba marTlmadidebeli<br />

qristiania, Tumca qristianuli<br />

sarwmunoebis mniSvneloba qarTvelobisaTvis<br />

mxolod morwmune mrevlis<br />

raodenobiT rodi ganisazRvreba.<br />

qristianulma marTlmadideblobam Camoayaliba<br />

mravalsaukunovani qarTuli<br />

kultura, erovnuli msoflmxedveloba<br />

<strong>da</strong> faseulobebi. rogorc ilia WavWavaZe<br />

wer<strong>da</strong>: „qristianobam Segvinaxa Cven<br />

Cveni miwa-wyali, Cveni ena, Cveni vinaoba,<br />

Cveni erovneba... qristianoba niSnav<strong>da</strong><br />

mTels <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>... niSnav<strong>da</strong> qarTvelobas...<br />

qarTveli <strong>da</strong> qristiani erTisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> imave mniSvnelobis sityvebi arian.” <br />

qristianuli sarwmunoebis aseTi mniSvneloba<br />

qarTveli erisTvis Sedegi iyo<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis TavauRebeli moRvaweobisa,<br />

romelic mu<strong>da</strong>m erovnul nia<strong>da</strong>gze<br />

idga <strong>da</strong> udides rols asruleb<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli saxelmwifos<br />

ilia WavWavaZe. qarTveli eri <strong>da</strong> Rvawli wm.<br />

ninosi. _ wignSi: naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo.<br />

wigni I, Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 40.

Camoyalibebis, qarTveli eris fizikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> sulieri ga<strong>da</strong>rCenisTvis brZolis<br />

istoriul procesSi. Tamamad SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas, rom qarTuli civilizaciis<br />

mTavari safuZveli swored rom mar-<br />

Tlmadidebloba iyo. <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

<strong>da</strong> unetaresi ilia II brZanebs: „bevri<br />

ram, riTac amayobs Cveni eri literaturis,<br />

arqiteqturisa <strong>da</strong> xelovnebis sxva<br />

sferoSi, qristianuli sulierebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

civilizaciis safuZvelze Seiqmna.” <br />

swored amitom iyo,rom istoriulad<br />

qristianuli marTlmadidebloba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />

saxelmwifo religia iyo. es<br />

periodi yvelaze xangrZlivia <strong>da</strong> mraval<br />

saukunes iTvlis.<br />

me-19 saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi ruseTis<br />

imperiis mier <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> aneqsias<br />

Sedegad mohyva qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

gauqmeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kargva. Cveni saxelovani winaprebis,<br />

TvalsaCino sasuliero <strong>da</strong> saero<br />

moRvaweebis, mTeli qarTuli sazogadoebis<br />

erToblivi mecadineobiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

ZalisxmeviT 1917 wels <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

marTlmadidebelma eklesiam aRidgina<br />

avtokefalia. ruseTis imperiaSi qar-<br />

Tuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena<br />

ara mxolod Cveni eklesiisTvis warTmeuli<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis uflebis xelaxla<br />

mopovebas niSnav<strong>da</strong>, aramed gareSe<br />

Zalebis mier gauqmebuli qarTuli<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis <strong>da</strong>sawyiss<br />

moaswaveb<strong>da</strong>. marTlac, 1918 wlis 26<br />

maiss saqarTvelom saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebloba moipova <strong>da</strong> demokratiuli<br />

respublikis formiT Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>.<br />

demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> parlamentSi umravlesobas socialdemokratebi<br />

Seadgendnen, romelTa<br />

socialisturi ideologia aTeistur<br />

principebs eyrdnobo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, bunebrivia,<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi keTilganwyobili<br />

ver iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

ix. naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo, wigni I,<br />

Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 502.<br />

pirveli respublikis konstituciiT<br />

(1921 w.), arc erT sarwmunoebas ar mieni-<br />

Wa upiratesoba, saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> eklesia<br />

gancalkevebul subieqtebad aRiares.<br />

manamde, 1918 wlis 26 noembris kanoniT<br />

gaauqmes saRvTo sjulis swavleba <strong>da</strong><br />

saRvTo sjulis maswavleblis Tanamdeboba<br />

„yoveli tipisa <strong>da</strong> safexuris<br />

saxazino <strong>da</strong> kerZo uflebian skolaSi.”<br />

1919 wlis 17 ivnisis kanoniT ki uqme<br />

dReTa CamonaTvali<strong>da</strong>n amoiRes sauflo<br />

dResaswaulebi. samagierod, samoqalaqo<br />

uqme dReebad gamoacxades ruseTis<br />

didi revoluciis pirveli dRe<br />

– 12 marti <strong>da</strong> internacionalis dResaswauli<br />

_ pirveli maisi. <br />

1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis mier<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> demokratiuli respublikis<br />

okupaciasa <strong>da</strong> aneqsias mohyva<br />

70-wliani agresiuli aTeizmis epoqa,<br />

rodesac aTeizmi saxelmwifo ideologiis<br />

rangSi iyo ayvanili. sabWouri<br />

konstituciebiT eklesia gamoyofili<br />

iyo saxelmwifosagan, xolo skola<br />

– eklesiisagan. am periodSi eklesia,<br />

yovelgvar samarTlebriv safuZvlebs<br />

moklebuli, ganagrZob<strong>da</strong> arsebobas.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> revkomis 1921 wlis 15<br />

aprilis dekretiT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mar-<br />

Tlmadidebel eklesias iuridiuli<br />

piris statusi CamoerTva. komunisturi<br />

reJimis dros sarwmunoebisadmi mtrulad<br />

ganwyobili xelisuflebisagan<br />

aunazRaurebeli vneba <strong>da</strong> ziani miadga<br />

qarTul eklesias. administraciuli<br />

wesiT <strong>da</strong>xures eklesia-monastrebis<br />

umravlesoba,bevri ki <strong>da</strong>wves,<strong>da</strong>angries<br />

an ara<strong>da</strong>niSnulebisamebr gamoiyenes,<br />

mTeli saeklesio qoneba konfiskebul<br />

iqna, xolo sasuliero pirebis didi<br />

nawili – represirebuli. <br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom eklesiis<br />

98<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> demokratiuli respublikis<br />

samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli. 1918-1921,<br />

Tbilisi, 1990 w., gv. 110, 197.<br />

ix. sergo vardosaniZe, 1917-1977 wlebis matiane.<br />

_ wignSi: naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo.<br />

wigni I, Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 476-484.

samarTlebriv mdgomareobaSi raime<br />

xelSesaxebi cvlileba ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra<br />

<strong>da</strong> sabWoTa xelisufleba kvlavac<br />

ganagrZob<strong>da</strong> aTeisturi ideologiis<br />

principebis gulmodgine <strong>da</strong>nergvas<br />

sazogadoebaSi,gasuli saukunis 70-iani<br />

wlebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

ilia II ZalisxmeviT<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis aRorZinebis rTuli procesi,<br />

romlis mizani iyo ara mxolod<br />

sakuTriv eklesiis organizaciuli <strong>da</strong><br />

materialuri safuZvlebis ganmtkiceba,<br />

aramed qarTvel erSi „erovnuli<br />

TviT cnobis” gaRviveba, qarTuli cnobierebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>bruneba, qarTveli eris moqceva<br />

Tavisi tradiciuli religiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> zneobrivi sawyisebisken. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi qar-<br />

Tuli eklesiis rolis gazr<strong>da</strong>m di<strong>da</strong>d<br />

Seuwyo xeli am wlebSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />

moZraobis gamoRvi-<br />

Zebasa <strong>da</strong> aRmavlobas, rac 1991 wlis<br />

9 aprils <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobis aRdgeniT <strong>da</strong>gvirgvin<strong>da</strong>.<br />

saxelmwifos saTaveSi mosuli<br />

erovnuli xelisufleba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

axali konstituciis miRebamde Seudga<br />

sabWoTa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> 1978 wlis konstituciis<br />

modernizebas. cvlileba<br />

garkveulwilad Seexo saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesiis urTierTobas. Tu konstituciis<br />

adrindel re<strong>da</strong>qciaSi aRniSnuli<br />

iyo, rom „<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ss respublikaSi<br />

eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosgan<br />

<strong>da</strong> skola – eklesiisagan”<br />

(50-e muxli), cvlilebebis Semdeg konstituciis<br />

es debuleba ase Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>:<br />

„<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> respublikaSi eklesia<br />

gamoyofilia saxelmwifosgan.”<br />

konstituciuri cvlilebis azri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelmwifo<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesia gancalkevebul,<br />

erTmaneTisgan <strong>da</strong>moukidebel subieqtebad<br />

arian miCneulni, Tumca amasve<br />

ver vityviT skolisa <strong>da</strong> eklesiis urTierTobaze.<br />

konstitucia eklesiisa <strong>da</strong><br />

skolis urTierTobas pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong><br />

imperatiulad aRar krZalav<strong>da</strong>. amis<br />

Sedegad zogierTma saswavlebelma im<br />

wlebSi Tavisi iniciativiT aRadgina<br />

saRvTo sjulis swavleba. erovnuli<br />

xelisuflebis iniciativiT, amasTanave,<br />

gauqm<strong>da</strong> qarTveli erisaTvis ucxo<br />

dResaswaulebi <strong>da</strong> aRdga tradiciuli,<br />

maT Soris sauflo dResaswaulebi,<br />

riTac xelisuflebam <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura Tavisi<br />

keTilganwyoba eklesiis mimarT. <br />

cnobili garemoebebis gamo saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesiis urTierTobis samar-<br />

Tlebrivi mowesrigebis RonisZiebebi<br />

maSin, samwuxarod, amiT amoiwura.<br />

1993 wli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyo<br />

konstituciuri procesi, romelic<br />

or-naxevari weli mimdinareob<strong>da</strong> ukiduresad<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zabuli Si<strong>da</strong>politikuri<br />

viTarebis pirobebSi <strong>da</strong> romlis mizani<br />

iyo <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> rigiT<br />

meore konstituciis SemuSaveba.<br />

umTavresi sakiTxi, romelic konstituciuri<br />

procesis yvela etapze cxare<br />

diskusiebis sagans warmoadgen<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> mravaljer ganica<strong>da</strong> cvlileba,<br />

saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sakiTxi<br />

iyo, radganac igi uSualod iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

im periodSi xelisuflebisaTvis<br />

gaCaRebul brZolasTan. amitom<br />

man Tavisi aqtualurobiT <strong>da</strong>Crdila<br />

sxva aranakleb mniSvnelovani saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi,<br />

maT Soris saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesiis urTierTobis<br />

konstituciur-samarTlebrivi reglamentaciis<br />

problemebi. sakonstitucio<br />

komisiaSi diskusiebi saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong><br />

eklesiis urTierTobis problemaze<br />

saerTod ar gamarTula, xolo qveynis<br />

ZiriTadi kanonis proeqtis TiTqmis yvela<br />

variantSi ucvlelad iyo moyvanili<br />

am sakiTxis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis trafaretuli<br />

debulebebi: saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> eklesia<br />

erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong>moukidebelia <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofilia<br />

rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> aRmsareblobis<br />

Tavisufleba. konstituciis<br />

99<br />

ix. <strong>da</strong>viT CikvaiZe, saeklesio samarTlis sakiix.<br />

<strong>da</strong>viT CikvaiZe, saeklesio samarTlis saki-<br />

Txebi, wigni I, Tbilisi, 2004 w., gv. 40.

proeqtis SemuSavebis <strong>da</strong>skvniT etapze<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia II iniciativiT saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesiis urTierTobis zemoaRniSnul<br />

debulebas <strong>da</strong>emata, erTi SexedviT,<br />

TiTqos deklaraciuli, magram Tavisi<br />

azriT metad mniSvnelovani wina<strong>da</strong>deba:<br />

„saxelmwifo aRiarebs qarTuli<br />

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gansakuTrebul<br />

rols <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriaSi.”<br />

radganac es Canaweri qarTuli<br />

eklesiis rols retrospeqtivaSi<br />

ganixilav<strong>da</strong>, politikurad uaRresad<br />

mravalspeqtrian parlamentSi masze<br />

yuradReba ar gamaxvilebula <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

konstituciis saboloo teqstis<br />

miRebisas.<br />

amrigad, <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ka-<br />

Tolikos-patriarqis wina<strong>da</strong>debis gaTvaliswinebiT,<strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

axalma (1995<br />

wlis) konstituciam saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong><br />

eklesias Soris urTierTobis gansaz-<br />

Rvrisas sami umniSvnelovanesi principi<br />

<strong>da</strong>adgina:<br />

pirveli, eklesia <strong>da</strong>moukidebelia<br />

saxelmwifosgan;<br />

meore, saxelmwifo acxadebs rwmenisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas;<br />

mesame, saxelmwifo aRiarebs qarTuli<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebul<br />

rols <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriaSi.<br />

axlad miRebuli konstituciis ZalaSi<br />

Sesvlis Semdeg farTod gaiSala<br />

samarTalSemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba<br />

konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

100<br />

kanonebis miRebis, saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis TiTqmis<br />

yvela sferoSi sakanonmdeblo safuZvlebis<br />

Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedi kanonmdeblobis<br />

mTeli masivis konstitucias-<br />

Tan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT.<br />

dRis wesrigSi <strong>da</strong>dga religiuri<br />

gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb kanonis miRebis<br />

sakiTxic. samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebis mier SemuSavebuli<br />

kanonproeqtebi, rogorc wesi, erTi<br />

sakanonmdeblo aqtiT yvela religiuri<br />

gaerTianebis samarTlebrivi statusis<br />

gansazRvris mcdelobas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

iyo agreTve wina<strong>da</strong>debebi konfesiebis<br />

tradiciul <strong>da</strong> aratradiciul religiur<br />

gaerTianebebad <strong>da</strong>yofisa <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />

maTi gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi<br />

reglamentaciis Sesaxeb.<br />

imTaviTve cxadi gax<strong>da</strong>, rom erT<br />

sakanonmdeblo sibrtyeze yvela religiuri<br />

gaerTianebis samarTlebrivi<br />

mdgomareobis <strong>da</strong> maT saqmianobasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli urTierTobebis mowesrigeba<br />

ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong> marTebuli. saqme<br />

isaa, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> konstitucia,<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> imisa,rom acxadeb<strong>da</strong> rwmenisa <strong>da</strong><br />

aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas,<br />

saxelmwifosgan eklesiis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobas,amave<br />

dros,rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,<br />

aRiareb<strong>da</strong> qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis gansakuTrebul rols<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriaSi. am istoriul<br />

rols ematebo<strong>da</strong> isic, rom aRorZinebuli<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia sul<br />

ufro mniSvnelovan rols asruleb<strong>da</strong><br />

qarTveli eris sulier cxovrebaSi<br />

ara marto warsulSi, aramed dResac,<br />

Tanamedrove pirobebSi. amitom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis es<br />

gansakuTrebuli roli <strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba<br />

moiTxov<strong>da</strong> misi samarTlebrivi reglamentaciis<br />

araordinarul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas.<br />

amocana metad rTuli iyo, magram<br />

moiZebna istoriuli <strong>da</strong> iuridiuli<br />

TvalsazrisiT misi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis mar-<br />

Tebuli forma. <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II wina<strong>da</strong>debiT,<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesis statusis <strong>da</strong> misi samar-<br />

Tlebrivi mdgomareobis sakiTxebis<br />

gansazRvrisaTvis saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong><br />

eklesias, rogorc or <strong>da</strong>moukidebel<br />

subieqts Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmeba<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>debuliyo. „saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesias Soris urTierToba Tanamedrove<br />

etapze, _ brZaneb<strong>da</strong> patriarqi, _<br />

gansxvavebul midgomas moiTxovs, rac

ganpirobebulia qveynis Si<strong>da</strong>politikuri<br />

mowyobiT <strong>da</strong> aseve saerTaSoriso<br />

situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> eklesias<br />

Soris urTierTobis yvelaze misaReb<br />

formad miCneul iqna konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmeba.” <br />

konstituciuri SeTanxmeba <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

axali instituti iyo qarTul samar-<br />

TalSi. am SeTanxmebas konstituciuri<br />

imitom ewo<strong>da</strong>, rom misi <strong>da</strong>debis Sesa-<br />

Zlebloba, procedurebi <strong>da</strong> subieqtTa<br />

wre mxolod saxelmwifos ZiriTadi<br />

kanoniT un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvruliyo. amasTanave,<br />

konstituciur SeTanxmebas qveynis<br />

ZiriTadi kanonis Semdeg upiratesi iuridiuli<br />

Zala eqnebo<strong>da</strong> sxva samarTlebrivi<br />

aqtebis mimarT.<br />

saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> eklesias Soris<br />

urTierTobis aseTi forma, bunebrivia,<br />

konstituciur cvlilebebs moiTxov<strong>da</strong>.<br />

2000 wels am mizniT gamoqveynebuli<br />

konstituciuri cvlilebebis kanonproeqtis<br />

ganxilva mwvave diskusiebiT<br />

warimarTa, romelSic monawileobdnen<br />

rogorc samTavrobo, ise arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebi, sasuliero Tu<br />

saero pirebi, mecnierebi, specialistebi,<br />

politikuri partiebi, umaRlesi<br />

skolebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. gamoiTqva mosazrebebi,<br />

rom konstituciuri SeTanxmebisTvis<br />

esoden maRali iuridiuli Zalis<br />

miniWeba gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong> religiuri organizaciebis<br />

Tanasworuflebianobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevas, rwmenisa <strong>da</strong> aRmsareblobis<br />

Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebis<br />

Selaxvas, marTlmadideblobis<br />

saxelmwifo religiad ga<strong>da</strong>qcevas <strong>da</strong><br />

a.S. am mosazrebebis usafuZvloba <strong>da</strong>majereblad<br />

<strong>da</strong> argumentirebulad iqna<br />

<strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli kanonproeqtis sajaro<br />

ganxilvisas. sabolood, saRma azrma<br />

gaimarjva <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> umaRlesi<br />

aRmasrulebeli <strong>da</strong> sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba<br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmun<strong>da</strong> konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmebis institutis SemoRebis<br />

mizanSewonilobaSi.<br />

2001 wlis 30 marts <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

konstituciaSi Setanili cvlilebebis<br />

Sesabamisad, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

urTierToba ganisazRvra konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmebiT.<br />

zemoaRniSnulma konstituciurma<br />

cvlilebebma sakanonmdeblo safuZveli<br />

Seqmnes saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> eklesias<br />

Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>debisTvis, rac ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> kidec<br />

2002 wlis 14 oqtombers. mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi konstituciur<br />

SeTanxmebas xeli moaweres<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxeliT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

prezidentma <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samociqulo<br />

avtokefaliuri marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis saxeliT – <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma.<br />

xelmoweris ceremoniisas kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

ilia II aseTi sityvebiT<br />

mimarTa <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> prezidents:<br />

„bunebrivia, araerTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />

dokumentisTvis gaqvT xeli mowerili,<br />

magram vfiqrob, eris sasicocxlo interesebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, es SeTanxmeba<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze gamorCeulia. uflis<br />

nebis gareSe araferi xdeba.” <br />

konstituciur SeTanxmebaSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />

aRiarebulia sajaro samarTlis iuridiul<br />

pirad, gansazRvrulia eklesiis<br />

uflebamosilebebi kulturulsaganmanaTleblo,<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>cvis, iusticiis,<br />

socialuri <strong>da</strong>cvis sferoebSi, eklesiis<br />

sakuTrebad gamocxadebulia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

mTel teritoriaze arsebuli<br />

marTlmadidebluri taZrebi, monastrebi,<br />

miwis nakveTebi, saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong>cva-<br />

Si (muzeumebSi, sacavebSi) arsebuli<br />

saeklesio saganZuri. saxelmwifo a<strong>da</strong>sturebs<br />

XIX_XX saukuneebSi, saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobis <strong>da</strong>kargvis<br />

periodSi eklesiisaTvis materialuri<br />

ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />

gv. 4.<br />

101<br />

ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomix.<br />

sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />

gv. 5.

<strong>da</strong> moraluri zianis miyenebis faqts<br />

<strong>da</strong> iRebs valdebulebas materialuri<br />

zianis nawilobriv kompensaciaze.<br />

konstituciuri SeTanxmeba mtkice<br />

samarTlebrivi safuZvelia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis.<br />

masSi cvlilebebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>matebebis<br />

Setana SesaZlebeli iqneba mxolod<br />

saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> eklesiis urTierTSe-<br />

TanxmebiT. amasTanave, saxelmwifo organoebis<br />

mier konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />

normebisa <strong>da</strong> principebis sawinaaRmdegod<br />

gamocemul samarTlebriv<br />

aqtebs iuridiuli Zala ar eqnebaT.<br />

konstituciuri SeTanxmebis <strong>da</strong>debas<br />

un<strong>da</strong> mohyolo<strong>da</strong> mTeli wyeba normatiuli<br />

aqtebisa, romlebic moawesrigebdnen<br />

jvrisweris saxelmwifo aRiarebis,samxedro-sajariso<br />

formirebeb-<br />

Si, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi<br />

moZRvris institutis SemoRebis, saganmanaTleblo<br />

<strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi marTlmadidebluri<br />

sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb sagnis<br />

swavlebis, kulturuli memkvidreobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> sargeblobis, eklesiisaTvis<br />

miyenebuli materialuri zianis<br />

kompensaciis sakiTxebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> eklesias Soris warmoSobil<br />

urTierTobebs.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> prezidentis<br />

2003 wlis 7 ianvris brZanebulebisa,<br />

samwuxarod, es sakiTxebi jerjerobiT<br />

Seuswavleli <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>uwyveteli rCeba,<br />

ris gamoc konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />

mniSvnelovani debulebebis amoqmedeba<br />

ferxdeba. rogorc Cans, jer kidev ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>srulebula saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

marTlmadidebel eklesias<br />

Soris urTierTobis momwesrigebeli<br />

sakanonmdeblo aqtebis Seqmnis procesi.<br />

vfiqrobT, am sferoSi samarTal-<br />

Semoqmedebis gaaqtiureba un<strong>da</strong> icqes<br />

Cveni sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis<br />

erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad.<br />

amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II brZanebs:<br />

„konstituciuri SeTanxmeba aris didmniSvnelovani<br />

nabiji <strong>da</strong> movlena. magram,<br />

amave dros, es aris mxolod ZiriTadi<br />

mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli xelSekruleba,<br />

romlis ganxorcieleba un<strong>da</strong><br />

moxdes saxelmwifos mxri<strong>da</strong>n sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

samarTlebrivi aqtebis miRebiT.<br />

iwyeba axali etapi saxelmwifosa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesias Soris urTierTobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

is yoveldRiur did Sromas moiTxovs.<br />

dRes Cven yvelam kidev ufro meti pasuxismgebloba<br />

aviReT RvTis, erTmaneTisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis winaSe <strong>da</strong> es<br />

bevrs gvavalebs.” <br />

102<br />

ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 wlis 18-24 oqix.<br />

sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 wlis 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />

gv. 4-5.

kacisTvis ekiTxa, sad midio<strong>da</strong>, mas ki<br />

pasuxad gaeca _ romSi mivdivar mis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sapyrobado, SemkiTxveli aucileblad<br />

ifiqreb<strong>da</strong>, rom ucnauri mgzavri<br />

an Tavis gonebaze aRar iyo, an sizmars<br />

xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>. magram Cven viciT, rom petre<br />

mociqulma pavle mociqulTan erTad<br />

marTlac <strong>da</strong>ipyro uzarmazari imperiis<br />

mrisxane de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi romi, romlis<br />

moqalaqenic gansakuTrebuli qedmaRlobiT<br />

gamoirCeodnen, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ipyro igi<br />

sityviT.<br />

SeuZlebelia, vinmes ukeT esmodes<br />

Zala sityvisa _ logosisa, vidre WeSmarit<br />

qristians, romelic Tayvans<br />

scems sityva RmerTs, ieso qristes. aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, qristiani moazrovneni<br />

gansakuTrebiT ufrTxildebodnen<br />

<strong>da</strong> pativs scemdnen saerTod sityvas<br />

<strong>da</strong>, cxadia, a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulieri zrdisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> ganviTarebisaTvis sityvieri xelovnebis<br />

mniSvnelobac kargad esmo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

maT icodnen, rom rogorc sxeuli<br />

ganmtkicebisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebisaTvis<br />

aucileblad saWiroebs materialur<br />

sakvebs, aseve saWiroebs sazrdels sulic,<br />

romelsac misTvis WeSmaritebis<br />

sityva warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> romelic mas<br />

RmrTisa <strong>da</strong> moyvasis samsaxuris Zalas<br />

aZlevs. amasTan, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c qristianoba<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianze, romelic Semoqmedma Tavisufali<br />

nebiT <strong>da</strong>ajildova, yovelgvar<br />

Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebas gamoricxavs, yvela qveyanaSi,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c ki qristes moZRvreba gavrgvanca<br />

koplataZe<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong><br />

unetaresis ilia II saganmanaTleblo-sagamomcemlo moRvaweoba<br />

efeselTa mimarT epistoleSi pavle<br />

mociquli qristes mimdevrebs aswavlis,rogor<br />

aRiWurvon WeSmaritebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sacavad materialur samyaroSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

sulni ukeTurebisani batonoben,<br />

kerZod, farad sarwmunoebis, xolo<br />

maxvilad RmrTis sityvis gamoyenebas<br />

urCevs: `yovelsa Sina aRiReT fari<br />

igi sarwmunoebisa, romliTa SeuZloT<br />

yovelTa maT isarTa borotisaTa ganxurvebulTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>Sretad. <strong>da</strong> Cafxuti igi<br />

cxovrebisaÁ <strong>da</strong>idgiT <strong>da</strong> maxvili igi<br />

sulisaÁ, romel ars sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ~<br />

(ef. 6, 16-17).<br />

marTlac, qristianul sarwmunoebas,<br />

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs WeSmariti<br />

qristianuli sarwmunoeba, Tavisi arsebobis<br />

manZilze sxva iaraRi arc gamouyenebia<br />

<strong>da</strong> arc erT qveyanaSi Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> fizikuri ganadgurebis<br />

SiSiT ar gavrcelebula. mociqulebma,<br />

mociqulTa mowafeebma <strong>da</strong>, saerTod,<br />

pirvelma qristianulma eklesiam, romelic<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 120-mde wevrs iTvli<strong>da</strong>,<br />

macxovris moZRvreba imdroindel<br />

msoflioSi mxolod sityvis ZaliT,<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebiT gaavrceles. erT Tavis<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebaSi wm. ioane oqropiri, roca<br />

qristianobis, rogorc erT<strong>da</strong>erTi WeSmariti<br />

religiis, Sesaxeb saubrobs,<br />

msmenelebs mimarTavs, warmoidginon<br />

kaci, romelic ierusalimi<strong>da</strong>n gamovi<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> gzas <strong>da</strong>adga mxolod joxiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

ramdenime wigniT xelSi. vinmes rom am<br />

103

104<br />

cel<strong>da</strong>, eklesia xalxSi ganaTlebis<br />

Setanas cdilob<strong>da</strong>, raTa a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />

sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis miRebisas<br />

Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebis<br />

SesaZlebloba miscemo<strong>da</strong>T. ase rom,<br />

qristianoba <strong>da</strong> wigniereba Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve<br />

ganuyofel cnebebad iqca <strong>da</strong> qristes<br />

moZRvrebis gavrcelebas qristianuli<br />

mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> filosofiis warmoSobac<br />

umokles droSi mohyva. saxarebis<br />

pirveli mkvlevari pavle mociquli<br />

brZandebo<strong>da</strong>, xolo pirveli qristiani<br />

filosofosi wm. mowame iustine<br />

II saukuneSi moRvaweob<strong>da</strong>. pirvelive<br />

saukuneebSi warmoiSva <strong>da</strong> Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>,<br />

agreTve, sasuliero mwerloba Tavisi<br />

mravalferovani <strong>da</strong>rgebiT. amitom<br />

qristianTa sulebisaTvis gamzadebul<br />

tablas Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve amSveneb<strong>da</strong> sameufo<br />

sazrdeli _ RmrTeebrivi sityva anu<br />

sasuliero mwerloba, romelic miwieri<br />

yofis moTxovnilebebiT gauxeSebuli<br />

gulebisaTvis igivea, rac zeTi<br />

Camqrali kandelisa <strong>da</strong> wvima gvalviT<br />

gaficxebuli, <strong>da</strong>msk<strong>da</strong>ri miwisaTvis.<br />

Cveni xalxi im erTa ricxvs ekuTvnis,<br />

romelnic, RmrTis wyalobiT,<br />

qristes naTels pirvelive saukuneSi<br />

eziarnen; meoTxe saukuni<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli<br />

ki, roca qristianoba saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxad<strong>da</strong>, rCeuli<br />

Svilebis Tav<strong>da</strong>debuli moRvaweobis<br />

Sedegad,patara saqarTvelo cdilob<strong>da</strong><br />

mwignobrobisa <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebis saqmeSi<br />

qristianuli kulturis akvnis _ TviT<br />

bizantiis imperiisaTvisac ki ar <strong>da</strong>edo<br />

toli. amaze rogorc originaluri qarTuli<br />

sasuliero mwerloba, romelic<br />

bizantiurs mxolod raodenobrivad<br />

Tu CamorCeba, aseve sxva enebi<strong>da</strong>n, upiratesad<br />

ki berZnuli<strong>da</strong>n Targmnili<br />

didZali saRmrTismetyvelo literaturac<br />

metyvelebs. aqve SevniSnavT, rom<br />

Targmnili Zeglebi, rogorc qarTuli<br />

enis araCveulebriv gamomsaxvelobiT<br />

Zalas, romelic Sesabamisad misi Semqmneli<br />

xalxis azrovnebis maRal doneze<br />

miuTiTebs, aseve mTargmnelTa RmrTivsulierebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> maRalniWierebasac<br />

a<strong>da</strong>stureben.<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, qveyanaSi saganmanaTleblo<br />

saqmianobas ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />

eklesia <strong>da</strong> misi saukeTeso moRvaweni<br />

warmarTavdnen. IX saukuni<strong>da</strong>n qarTul<br />

eklesia-monastrebTan rogorc CvenSi,<br />

ise sazRvargareTac ramdenime mZlavri<br />

saliteraturo skola Seiqmna. taoklarjeTsa<br />

Tu sinisa <strong>da</strong> aTonis mTaze<br />

moRvawe qarTveli mwignobari berebi,<br />

romelTac kargad esmo<strong>da</strong>T, rom qveynis<br />

simtkicis upirvelesi burji swori<br />

sarwmunoeba <strong>da</strong> masze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli<br />

maRali zneoba iyo, dResa <strong>da</strong> Rames asworebdnen,<br />

raTa qarTvelTa sulier<br />

tablas siuxve <strong>da</strong> mravalferovneba ar<br />

mohklebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

samwuxarod,jer XIII saukuneSi mon-<br />

Rolebis Semosevam, xolo Semdeg, XV<br />

saukuneSi bizantiis imperiis <strong>da</strong>cemam,<br />

ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c qarTuli saxelmwifo<br />

mahmadianur zRvaSi Cakarguli patara<br />

kunZuli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, es gacxovelebuli<br />

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba<br />

karga xniT SeaCera. bunebrivia,<br />

sulieri sazrdelis moklebam Cvens<br />

erovnul saxesac <strong>da</strong> zneobasac Tavisi<br />

mZime <strong>da</strong>Ri <strong>da</strong>asva. amitomac erisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> qveynis bedze <strong>da</strong>fiqrebulma mamuliSvilebma<br />

qristianul samyarosTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>sakavSireblad axali gzebis Zieba<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyes. SeuZlebelia uaryofa imisa,<br />

rom miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad saxelmwifoebriobisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> politikuri Tavisuflebis <strong>da</strong>kargvisa,<br />

marTlmadideblur ruseTTan<br />

SeerTebis Sedegad qarTul saRmrTismetyvelo<br />

<strong>azrovneba</strong>s, iseve rogorc<br />

saerTod qarTul mwerlobas,romelsac<br />

sxva qristianul erebTan kulturuli<br />

urTierTobis saSualeba didi xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi warTmeuli hqon<strong>da</strong>, erTgvari<br />

aRorZineba <strong>da</strong>etyo; samwuxarod,<br />

es procesi ruseTis qristianuli imperiis<br />

ZaliT <strong>da</strong>mxobam <strong>da</strong> mis nangrevebze<br />

aTeisturi imperiis Seqmnam Sewyvita,<br />

romelmac Tavi uwinaresad sarwmunoebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eklesiis devniT gamoiC-

105<br />

ina. calke saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

mahmadianTa TareSiTa <strong>da</strong> calke XIX<br />

saukuneSi aTeisturi mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

filosofiis zegavleniT Seryeul rwmenas<br />

Cvens qveyanaSi mZime gansacdelis<br />

Jami <strong>da</strong>udga. marTalia, eklesiam arseboba<br />

saswaulebrivad SeinarCuna, magram<br />

mas misi erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia<br />

_ saganmanaTleblo-sagamomcemlo<br />

saqmianobis warmarTva ZaliT waarTves,<br />

xolo sasuliero literaturis Seqmna-Targmnasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamocemaze laparakic<br />

ar SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

am TvalsazrisiT viTareba ukeTesisaken<br />

gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebis<br />

miwurulSi Seicvala, roca <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

marTlmadidebel eklesias saTaveSi<br />

axlad aRsaydrebuli patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi ilia II Caudga.<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c qristes mimdevrebad<br />

ara monebi, aramed megobrebi sWirdeba<br />

(in. XV, 15), amitom misi eklesia yovelTvis<br />

gansakuTrebulad zrunav<strong>da</strong><br />

ara mxolod moZRvarTa, aramed samwysos<br />

ganaTlebazec, raTa mas RmrTis<br />

arseboba ara mxolod intuiciurad <strong>da</strong><br />

misi Zlierebisadmi SiSis gamo erwmuna,<br />

aramed guliT, gonebiTa <strong>da</strong> suliT, anu<br />

mTeli arsebiT Seeyvarebina (mk. XII, 30).<br />

Zalian kargad moexsenebo<strong>da</strong> ra es, jer<br />

kidev <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqo taxtze<br />

aRsaydrebamde uwmidesis aqtiuri<br />

monawileobiT, mravali wlis iZulebi-<br />

Ti wyvetilobis Semdeg, <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />

pirveli sasuliero saminaria gaixsna<br />

mcxeTaSi, romlis pirveli reqtoric<br />

TviTon brZandebo<strong>da</strong>; xolo 1988 wels,<br />

rva saukunis Semdeg, Cvens qveyanaSi<br />

pirvelad amoqmed<strong>da</strong> sasuliero akademia<br />

TbilisSi, romelsac kaTolikospatriarqma<br />

miznad gelaTis saxelovani<br />

akademiis saukeTeso tradiciebis aRdgena-gagrZeleba<br />

<strong>da</strong>usaxa. Tbilisis<br />

sasuliero seminariasa <strong>da</strong> akademias,<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> ganswavluli moZRvrebis momzadebisa,<br />

uwinaresad RmrTismetyvelebis<br />

yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxebze muSaobac<br />

evalebo<strong>da</strong>, raTa is udidesi sulieri<br />

saunje, romelic winaprebma Cveni<br />

tragikuli istoriis qartexilebs gamoatares<br />

<strong>da</strong> Seuryvnelad Semogvinaxes<br />

_ WeSmariti rwmena _ marTlmadidebloba,<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva religiis ideolog-<br />

Ta faruli Tu aSkara mtrobisagan <strong>da</strong>ecva.<br />

am Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad<br />

uwmidesma <strong>da</strong> unetaresma axalgaxsnili<br />

akademiis pe<strong>da</strong>gogebad qarTuli mecnierebis<br />

moRvaweni moiwvia.<br />

akademiaSi sami _ RmrTismetyvelebis,<br />

qristianuli anTropologiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> qristianuli xelovnebaTmcodneobis<br />

fakulteti <strong>da</strong> ramdenime kaTedra<br />

<strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong>: RmrTismetyvelebis, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

eklesiis istoriis, religiaTmcodeobis,<br />

qarTuli literaturisa <strong>da</strong><br />

xelovnebaTmcodneobis. akademiasTan<br />

Seiqmna, agreTve, saRmrTismetyvelo,<br />

dekoratiuli mebaReobisa <strong>da</strong> ekologiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> samedicino institutebi, romlebSic<br />

vaJebTan erTad gogonebic<br />

swavloben <strong>da</strong> SerCeul profesias euflebian.<br />

Tbilisis sasuliero akademiasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> seminariasTan funqcionirebs, aseve,<br />

xatweris, qargvis <strong>da</strong> galobis Semswavleli<br />

skolebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c yvela msurvels,<br />

visac amis Sesaferisi monacemebi aqvs,<br />

SeuZlia, RmrTisgan mimadlebuli niWi<br />

ganaviTaros <strong>da</strong> arCeul saqmes moaxmros.<br />

calke saubris Temaa kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

rogorc reqtoris (ramdenime<br />

welia igi Tbilisis sasuliero<br />

akademiisa <strong>da</strong> seminariis reqtori<br />

brZandeba) <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba profesormaswavleblebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> studentebTan. misi<br />

gulisxmiereba marTlac gansacvifrebelia.<br />

igi cdilobs yuradRebis gareSe<br />

aravin <strong>da</strong>tovos <strong>da</strong> mzrunveloba<br />

<strong>da</strong> siTbo yovel maTgans agrZnobinos.<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur<br />

moRvaweobas safuZvlad udevs rwmena<br />

imisa, rom maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> moswavles,<br />

studentsa <strong>da</strong> profesors Soris<br />

urTierTobas siyvaruli <strong>da</strong> urTierTpativiscema<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvravdes <strong>da</strong>

ara pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n sakuTari upiratesobis<br />

warmoCena, xolo axalgazrdobis<br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n SiSi <strong>da</strong> sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis<br />

SegrZneba. amitomac<br />

misi yoveli mobrZaneba akademiasa <strong>da</strong><br />

seminariaSi rogorc studentebis, ise<br />

profesor-maswavleblebisTvisac dResaswaulad<br />

iqceva xolme.<br />

sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa <strong>da</strong> ni-<br />

Wierebis warmosaCenad kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

axalgazrdebs xSirad avalebs<br />

TxzulebaTa <strong>da</strong>weras sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva problemur<br />

sakiTxze <strong>da</strong> Semdeg pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> studentTa Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT yuradRebiT<br />

ismens, rac axalgazrdebisaTvis<br />

ara mxolod pativs, aramed Semdgomi<br />

muSaobisaTvis udides stimulsac warmoadgens.<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ZalisxmeviT akademiisa <strong>da</strong> seminariis<br />

studentebs saSualeba miecaT Tavian-<br />

Ti SemoqmedebiTi Zalebi sakuTar JurnalSi<br />

mosinjon.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba mxolod<br />

religiur sferos ar moicavs.<br />

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tbilisis sasuliero<br />

akademiasTan misi kurTxeviT<br />

dekoratiuli mebaReobisa <strong>da</strong> ekologiis<br />

<strong>da</strong> samedicino institutebi gaixsna,<br />

xolo am bolo dros misi uwmidesoba<br />

aqtiurad iRvwis marTlmadidebluri<br />

universitetis <strong>da</strong>safuZneblad,<br />

romelSic qarTveli axalgazrdebi<br />

humanitarul mecnierebebTan er-<br />

Tad sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebsac<br />

Seiswavlian.<br />

aRsaydrebi<strong>da</strong>n umokles droSi, 1978<br />

wels sapatriarqoSi, romelsac manamde<br />

mxolod saeklesio kalendris gamocemis<br />

ufleba hqon<strong>da</strong>, uwmidesis ZalisxmeviT<br />

sagamomcemlo ganyofileba<br />

Seiqmna <strong>da</strong> gamosvla <strong>da</strong>iwyo sapatriarqos<br />

periodulma beWdviTma organom<br />

_ Jurnalma `jvari vazisa~. am faqt-<br />

Tan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT warmoTqmul qa<strong>da</strong>gebaSi<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi madlobas<br />

swirav<strong>da</strong> RmerTs, romelmac is<br />

saqme aRasrulebina, mravali aTeuli<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi Taobebis fiqrisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> zrunvis sagans rom Seadgen<strong>da</strong>. Jurnalma,<br />

romelSic Cveni eklesiis istoriis,<br />

saSinao cxovrebis amsaxveli<br />

masalebi sistematurad ibeWdebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

eklesiisa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis <strong>da</strong>axloebis<br />

saqmeSi Tavisi roli u<strong>da</strong>vod Seasrula.<br />

80-ian wlebSi gamoica, agreTve,<br />

ramdenime saRmrTismetyvelo krebuli,<br />

romlebSic, sxva rom yvelafers Tavi<br />

<strong>da</strong>vaneboT, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero<br />

mwerlobis ramdenime sayuradRebo Zegli<br />

<strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong>.<br />

1989 wels sapatriarqom <strong>da</strong>beW<strong>da</strong> qarTul<br />

enaze Sesrulebuli bibliis axali<br />

Targmani, aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli<br />

<strong>da</strong> axali aRTqmis wignebis Targmnis<br />

process,miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad mouclelobisa,Tavad<br />

misi uwmidesoba ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

igi pira<strong>da</strong>d xvdebo<strong>da</strong> mTargmnelebs <strong>da</strong><br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> werilis teqstSi CawvdomisaTvis<br />

mraval sayuradRebo rCevasac aZlev<strong>da</strong>.<br />

SesaZlebelia, am axali Targmanis<br />

mimarT mkiTxvels SeniSvnebi gauCndes,<br />

magram im faqtis uaryofa, rom misi gamocemiT<br />

mainc didi saqme gakeT<strong>da</strong>, ar<br />

SeiZleba. marTalia,RmrTismsaxurebaSi<br />

Zveli qarTuli Targmani <strong>da</strong>rCa, magram<br />

mkiTxvelTa farTo wrem misTvis gasageb<br />

Tanamedrove qarTul enaze miiRo<br />

wigni, romlis codnac aucilebelia<br />

WeSmariti ganaTlebis SesaZenad.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom am faqtis Semdeg<br />

sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna jgufi, romelic<br />

protopresviter giorgi gamrekelis<br />

xelmZRvanelobiT axali aRTqmis wignebis<br />

axal qarTul enaze gadmosaRebad<br />

muSaobs.<br />

1990 wlis 15 aprils, ieso qristes<br />

brwyinvale aRdgomis dRes, uwmidesisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> unetaresis RvawliTa <strong>da</strong> locvakurTxeviT<br />

sapatriarqos gazeTis _<br />

`madlis~ pirveli nomeri gamovi<strong>da</strong>.<br />

aqve SevniSnavT, rom msgavsad Jurnalisa,<br />

gazeTsac saxelwodeba Tavad misma<br />

uwmidesobam SeurCia. rogorc Tvi-<br />

Tonve brZana, gazeTs es saxeli imisTvis<br />

ewo<strong>da</strong>, rom igi `xalxisTvis sarw-<br />

106

munoebis, sikeTis, siyvarulis, codnisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> madlis mimniWebeli yofiliyo~. gamocemi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

aTi wlis Tavze Cveni eris<br />

sulieri aRirZinebisaTvis `madlis~<br />

mniSvneloba kaTolikos-patriarqma ase<br />

Seafasa: `gazeTma namdvilad gaamarTla<br />

<strong>da</strong> mizans miaRwia~. xolo, roca gazeTs<br />

TxuTmeti weli Seusrul<strong>da</strong>,brZana: mox<strong>da</strong><br />

saswauli <strong>da</strong> gazeTma `madlma~ madli<br />

moitana <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>o. marTalac,<br />

albaT, arcTu ise didia im gazeTebis<br />

ricxvi, romelTa mier gamoqveynebul<br />

masalebze, arsebobis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mokle<br />

droSi, ramdenime wigni <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong>.<br />

aTeisturi mwerlobis mravalricxovani<br />

Zeglebis, fsevdofilosofiurisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> fsevdomecnieruli wignebisaTvis,<br />

romelTac am bolo wlebSi<br />

niaRvariviT momsk<strong>da</strong>ri seqtanturi<br />

literaturac <strong>da</strong>emata, sapatriarqos<br />

gamomcemlobas, uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT, RmrTeebrivi<br />

swavlebis WeSmariteba <strong>da</strong> sidiade<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>epirispirebina, romelic Seqmnil<br />

qaosSi a<strong>da</strong>mianebs sulis ga<strong>da</strong>rCenaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>exmarebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Seeweo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kur-<br />

Txevis Sesasruleblad gamomcemlobam<br />

upirvelesad axali aRTqmis <strong>da</strong>beWdvaze<br />

izruna <strong>da</strong> 1995 wels mkiTxvels<br />

misi giorgi mTawmidliseuli re<strong>da</strong>qcia<br />

miawo<strong>da</strong>, romelic Cvens sinamdvileSi<br />

axali aRTqmis kritikulad <strong>da</strong>dgenili<br />

teqstis pirvel srul gamocemas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

igive teqsti qristeSobis<br />

oriaTasi wlis aRsaniSnavad meore<strong>da</strong>c<br />

gamoica, xolo 2003 wels mesamed <strong>da</strong>ibe-<br />

W<strong>da</strong>.<br />

saRmrTo werilis sxva wignebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

didi tiraJiT gamoica wm. mefisa <strong>da</strong><br />

winaswarmetyvelis <strong>da</strong>viTis `fsalmunni~,romelic<br />

morwmune qristianisaTvis<br />

samagido wigns warmoadgens. aRsaniS-<br />

107<br />

navia, rom fsalmunTa yoveldRiuri<br />

kiTxvis wesis aRdgenaca <strong>da</strong> mkiTxvel-<br />

Ta jgufebis Seqmnac uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia II saxels ukavSirdeba.<br />

gamomcemlobam am SemTxvevaSic fsalmunTa<br />

giorgi mTawmidliseuli Targmanis<br />

kritikulad <strong>da</strong>dgenili teqsti<br />

<strong>da</strong>beW<strong>da</strong>, romelsac Tan eklesiis dogmaturi<br />

swavleba yovladwmi<strong>da</strong> samebaze<br />

<strong>da</strong> wm. mamaTa mier <strong>da</strong>viT winaswarmetyvelis<br />

sagaloblebi<strong>da</strong>n gamokrebili<br />

winaswarmetyvelebani <strong>da</strong>urTo.<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> werilis teqstebis WeSmariti<br />

Sinaarsis wvdoma rom eklesiis RmrTivganbrZnobilTa<br />

moZRvarTa mier maTTvis<br />

gakeTebuli komentarebis gareSe<br />

Wirs,es sa<strong>da</strong>vo ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos. zemoTqmulis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, misi uwmidesobis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT, gamomcemlobaSi<br />

Zv. berZnuli<strong>da</strong>n iTargmna <strong>da</strong> gamoica<br />

mose winaswarmetyvelis `Sesaqmisa~ <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>viTis fsalmunTa komentarebi, romelic<br />

msoflio eklesiis moZRvars, wm.<br />

basili dids ekuTvnis. marTalia, Zvel<br />

qarTul mwerlobaSi basili didis<br />

`equsTa dReTac~ <strong>da</strong> `fsalmunis~ komentarebic<br />

Targmnili iyo, magram maTi<br />

Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo<br />

enaze Targmna mainc saWirod miviCnieT,<br />

raTa es saRmrTismetyvelo azrisa <strong>da</strong><br />

metyvelebis silamaziT gamorCeuli<br />

Txzulebani mkiTxvelTa rac SeiZleba<br />

farTo wrisaTvis yofiliyo xelmisawvdomi.<br />

pirvelad iTargmna qarTul enaze<br />

netari Teofilaqte bulgarelis maTes<br />

saxarebis komentarebi, romelic gamomcemlobam<br />

2006 wels gamosca.<br />

sasuliero saswavleblebis studenti<br />

axalgazrdobisa <strong>da</strong>,saerTod,sazogadoebis<br />

im nawilisaTvis, romelsac<br />

qristianuli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi<br />

swavlebani ainteresebs, gamomcemlobaSi<br />

iTargmna <strong>da</strong> orjer gamoica episkopos<br />

aleqsandre semionov-tianSanskis<br />

`marTlmadidebluri katexizmo~,<br />

agreTve, cnobil avtorTa TxzulebaTa<br />

safuZvelze Sedgenili saxelmZRvanelo<br />

dogmaturi RmrTismetyvelebisaTvis<br />

_ `dogmatur-istoriuli sakiTxebi~.<br />

am rigis naSromTa ricxvSi un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT `hagiografiis RmrTismetyvelebac~,<br />

romelic qarTuli hagio-

108<br />

grafiis Zeglebi<strong>da</strong>n gamorCeuli adgilebis<br />

saRmrTismetyvelo komentarebs<br />

Seicavs <strong>da</strong>, amdenad, <strong>da</strong>xmarebas gauwevs<br />

skolebsa <strong>da</strong> umaRles saswavleblebs<br />

am teqstebis safuZvliani swavlebis<br />

saqmeSi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia<br />

gamomcemlobaSi Targmnili <strong>da</strong><br />

2007 wels <strong>da</strong>beWdili sqemarqimandritis<br />

iovane maslovis `leqciebi samo-<br />

ZRvro RmrTismetyvelebaSi~, romelic<br />

seminariasa <strong>da</strong> akademiaSi aucileblad<br />

wasakiTx saswavlo disciplinaSi _<br />

samoZRvro RmrTismetyvelebaSi qar-<br />

Tul enaze pirvelad Seqmnil saxelmZ-<br />

Rvanelos warmoadgens.<br />

saRmrTismsaxuro Txzulebebi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis locvakurTxeviT<br />

gamomcemlobam 1996 wlis<br />

kalen<strong>da</strong>rSi <strong>da</strong>beW<strong>da</strong> kerZo msaxurebani<br />

_ mcire kurTxevani sazogado msaxurebasTan<br />

erTad, xolo 1997 wels calke<br />

gamosca gasworebuli <strong>da</strong> gamSvenebuli<br />

teqsti <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> episkoposTa kurTxevisa;<br />

aqve <strong>da</strong>vasaxelebdiT wmin<strong>da</strong>nTa savedrebel<br />

<strong>da</strong>ujdomel sagaloblebsac<br />

<strong>da</strong> mravalgzis gamocemul locvebsac.<br />

calke un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos andria kretelis<br />

`didi kanonis~ axali qarTuli<br />

Targmani gamokvleviTurT, romelic<br />

2007 wels gamomcemlobam Tsu-is klasikuri<br />

filologiis, bizantinistikisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> neoelinistikis institutis gamomcemloba<br />

`logosTan~ erTad gamosca.<br />

qarTuli saRmrTismetyvelo skolis<br />

TavisTavadobisa <strong>da</strong> maRali donis<br />

warmosaCenad gamomcemlobaSi momzad<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong> wm. gabriel episkoposis<br />

(qiqoZe) qa<strong>da</strong>gebaTagan anbanur<br />

rigze <strong>da</strong>lagebuli gamokrebili swavlani,<br />

xolo 1997 wels <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis<br />

oci wlisTavisaTvis momzad<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> or<br />

tomad gamoica misi uwmidesobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

unetaresobis ilia II `epistoleni, sityvani,<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebani~.<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis locvakurTxeviT<br />

sapatriarqos gamomcemlobas<br />

mxedvelobi<strong>da</strong>n arc eklesiis<br />

istoria gamorCenia; 1998 wlis kalen<strong>da</strong>rSi<br />

qarTuli eklesiis istoriis<br />

mokle kursi <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong>, xolo 2002_04<br />

wlebis kalendrebSi zogadi eklesiis<br />

istoria. 2005 wels gamomcemlobam <strong>da</strong>beW<strong>da</strong><br />

`mcire saeklesio enciklopedia~,<br />

romelic qarTul enaze saeklesio enciklopediis<br />

Seqmnis gzaze pirvel ga<strong>da</strong>dgmul<br />

nabijs warmoadgens.<br />

calke un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos wignebi,<br />

romelnic seqtantTa cru swavlebis<br />

samxileblad gamoica: `romauli ka-<br />

Tolicizmi~, `azri <strong>da</strong> ena xatebisa~<br />

(xatTa Tayvaniscemis uarmyofelTa sapasuxod),<br />

`vin arian ieRovas mowmeebi~,<br />

`ideqiT mtkiced <strong>da</strong> Seuryevelad~, _<br />

saZiebeli seqtantur swavlebaTa winaaRmdeg.<br />

seriiT _ `qarTveli wmin<strong>da</strong>nebi~<br />

gamomcemlobam 2006_07 wlebSi<br />

gamosca ori SesaniSnavi krebuli, miZ-<br />

Rvnili wm. gabriel episkoposisadmi<br />

(qiqoZe) <strong>da</strong> wm. eqvTime RmrTiskacisadmi<br />

(TayaiSvili),romelnic qarTulma eklesiam<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong>nebad uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

iniciativiT Seracxa. am seriiT<br />

wignebis gamocema kvlavac gagrZeldeba<br />

<strong>da</strong> mkiTxveli amgvar krebulebs<br />

sxva axlad Seracxil wmin<strong>da</strong>nTa Sesaxebac<br />

miiRebs.<br />

vfiqrobT, mkiTxvelTa yuradReba<br />

<strong>da</strong> interesi ar mohklebia agreTve<br />

gamomcemlobis mier <strong>da</strong>beWdil iseT<br />

wignebsac, rogoricaa: `ra aris marTlmadidebloba~,<br />

`kvarTi qristesi~ (qarTul,<br />

rusulsa <strong>da</strong> inglisur enebze),<br />

`jumaTis monastris siZveleebi~, `me-19<br />

saukunis qarTveli moRvaweebi <strong>da</strong> qarTuli<br />

galoba~, `mogonebani wm. ilia<br />

marTalze~, `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> eklesiis<br />

marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~, `locvani<br />

bavSvebisaTvis~, `iuliusis kalendris<br />

arsi <strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba~, `antiqristes<br />

mosvlis niSnebi~, `wm. arCil mefe~ <strong>da</strong><br />

sxv.<br />

qristeSobis oriaTasi wlis aRsaniSnavad,<br />

sapatriarqos gamomcemlobam<br />

gamomcemloba `lazierTan~ erTad

109<br />

kedlis feradi kalen<strong>da</strong>ri <strong>da</strong>beW<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romelic misi uwmidesobisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresobis<br />

ilia II <strong>da</strong>werili xatebiT<br />

iyo Semkuli. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ferwerul namuSevrebSi maTi avtoris<br />

mdi<strong>da</strong>ri sulieri samyaro, romelic<br />

yovelgvar amqveyniur silamazeze ama-<br />

Rlebuli mSvenierebisaken iswrafvis,<br />

kidev erTi axali aspeqtiT warmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

kalen<strong>da</strong>rSi uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

mier Seqmnili eqvsi xati <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong>:<br />

ufali sabaoT, wm. mefe Tamari, solomon<br />

brZeni, yovladwmi<strong>da</strong> RmrTismSobeli<br />

yrmiT, wm. didmowame giorgi <strong>da</strong> wm.<br />

didi mefe vaxtang gorgasali.<br />

yovelma kacma, visac sityvis Zala<br />

<strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba moexseneba, icis, rom<br />

misi gamoyenebisas gansakuTrebuli goniereba<br />

<strong>da</strong> sifrTxile hmarTebs. sagnis<br />

Rrma <strong>da</strong> safuZvlian codnasTan erTad<br />

es goniereba <strong>da</strong> sifrTxile miT umetes<br />

moeTxovebaT imaT, romelnic RmrTeebrivi<br />

WeSmaritebis gadmocemas anu Tavisi<br />

Zalebis mosinjvas sasuliero mwerlobaSi<br />

cdiloben. uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia II locva-kurTxeviT, 1995 wli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

sapatriarqos gamomcemlobasTan<br />

Seqmnilia sarecenzio sabWo, romelsac<br />

gamosacemad momzadebul TxzulebaTa<br />

recenzireba <strong>da</strong> gamocemisaTvis uflebis<br />

an grifis miniWeba evaleba.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

sabWom intensiurad imuSava<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kisrebul movaleobas Tavi<br />

gaarTva, razec sarecenziod warmodgenil<br />

naSromTa simravlec metyvelebs,<br />

romelTagan, bunebrivia, gamocemis<br />

ufleba yvelam ver miiRo. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

maTi didi nawili Targmanebs<br />

warmoadgens, gamomcemlobam Targmanis<br />

xelovnebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT ramdenime<br />

moTxovna SeimuSava, romelTac<br />

safuZvlad qarTuli mTargmnelobi-<br />

Ti skolis mdi<strong>da</strong>ri gamocdileba <strong>da</strong><br />

cnobil mecnier-mTargmnelTa Sexedulebani<br />

<strong>da</strong>edo: saTargmneli sagnis,<br />

saliteraturo (Cvens SemTxvevaSi _<br />

qarTuli) enisa <strong>da</strong> im enis kargi codna,<br />

romelze<strong>da</strong>c originalia Seqmnili.<br />

marTlac, sagnis codnis gareSe, e. i.<br />

roca mTargmnelisaTvis gaugebaria,<br />

razea saubari originalSi, sasurveli<br />

Sedegis miReba SeuZlebelia. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba mecnieruli<br />

gamokvlevis erTgvari saxea,<br />

mTargmnelma teqsti un<strong>da</strong> gaSifros <strong>da</strong><br />

xelaxla Seqmnas sxva enaze. rogorc<br />

nebismier sxva mecnierul gamokvleva-<br />

Si, romelSic obieqtTa samyaro ganixileba,<br />

aseve Targmnis drosac mxolod<br />

erTi mecnieruli strategia SeiZleba<br />

arsebobdes _ original-teqstis Taobaze<br />

hipoTezebis ageba, maTi gamokvleva,<br />

axali hipoTezebis uaryofa an miReba.<br />

am process bolo ara aqvs <strong>da</strong> amitom<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> adekvaturi Targmanis miRweva<br />

SeuZlebelia, Tumca, es ar niSnavs imas,<br />

rom amisken ar un<strong>da</strong> viswrafodeT.<br />

Targmnis xelovnebis sirTule<br />

ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d imaSi mdgomareobs, rom<br />

arc azris sizuste Seewiros enobrivi<br />

normebis <strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> stilis <strong>da</strong>xvewilobas<br />

<strong>da</strong> arc stilis silamaze<br />

<strong>da</strong> enobrivi normebi _ azris zustad<br />

gadmocemas. saRmrTismetyvelo literaturis<br />

mTargmnels, gar<strong>da</strong> zemoCamoTvlilisa,<br />

kidev erTi umTavresi ram<br />

moeTxoveba _ WeSmariti sarwmunoeba,<br />

radgan RmrTeebrivi WeSmaritebis wvdoma<br />

mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod suliwmidis<br />

madliTaa SesaZlebeli.<br />

ase rom, sarecenzio sabWos SeqmniT<br />

misi uwmidesobisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresobis Zalisxmeva<br />

iqiTken iyo mimarTuli, rom<br />

sagamomcemlo saqmianobis gaaqtiurebasTan<br />

erTad saRmrTismetyvelo Txzulebebis<br />

swavlebaTa sizusteca <strong>da</strong><br />

maTi gadmocemis Sesabamisi formac<br />

erTgvarad <strong>da</strong>culi yofiliyo.<br />

RmrTis wyalobiTa <strong>da</strong> misi uwmidesobis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT sapatriarqos<br />

gamomcemlobam SeZlo Tavisi<br />

mcire wvlili Seetana im codvis gamosyidvaSi,<br />

romelic Cvenma erma misTvis<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>debuli Svilis,wm. ilia marTlis<br />

mkvlelobiT Caidina.

ilia WavWavaZis <strong>da</strong>badebi<strong>da</strong>n 170<br />

<strong>da</strong> mkvlelobi<strong>da</strong>n 100 wlis aRsaniSnavad<br />

gamomcemlobaSi momzad<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> 2007<br />

wlis kalen<strong>da</strong>rSi <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong> krebuli<br />

`mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~, romelSic<br />

Tavmoyrilia <strong>da</strong> anbanze <strong>da</strong>lagebuli<br />

wm. ilia marTlis aqamde gamoqveynebuli<br />

yvela publicisturi werili<strong>da</strong>n<br />

amokrebili erovnul-politikuri, socialuri,<br />

kulturul-zneobrivi Tu<br />

sasuliero sakiTxebi, romelTac sami<br />

cneba _ mamuli,ena <strong>da</strong> sarwmunoeba aer-<br />

Tianebs. krebuls wamZRvarebuli aqvs<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>debuli mamuliSvilis cxovrebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> moqalaqeobis amsaxveli Txzuleba,<br />

romelic misi uwmidesobis kurTxeviT<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwera <strong>da</strong> wm. ilia marTlis<br />

Sesaxeb hagiografiuli nawarmoebis<br />

Seqmnis pirvel mcdelobas warmoadgens.<br />

gamomcemlobam, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

<strong>da</strong>kargvas ga<strong>da</strong>arCina saflavi ilias<br />

erTguli msaxuris, iakob TaraSvilisa,<br />

romelic 1907 wlis 30 agvistos <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>Tvis<br />

nasrol tyvias pirveli<br />

Seegeba. saflavi, romelic keTilmoewyo,<br />

oriaTasi wlis or agvistos, iliaobas<br />

ikurTxa. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c, qristes<br />

moZRvrebis mixedviT, rwmenas sicocxles<br />

keTili saqme aniWebs, `sarwmunoebaÁ<br />

TÂnier saqmeTasa mku<strong>da</strong>r ars~ (iak.<br />

II, 26), vfiqrobT, gamomcemlobam am saqmis<br />

aRsrulebiT Cveni xalxis sulieri<br />

amaRlebisaTvis aranakleb izruna, vidre<br />

amas erTi kargi wignis gamocemiT<br />

gaakeTeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

pirveli sityvebi, romliTac aRdgomilma<br />

macxovarma mociqulebs<br />

mimarTa, iyo: `mSÂdoba Tquen Tana~. moexseneba<br />

ra uwmidessa <strong>da</strong> unetaress mSvidobis<br />

mniSvneloba pirovnebis Sinagani<br />

samyarosaTvis, qa<strong>da</strong>gebisas xSirad<br />

Segvaxsenebs <strong>da</strong>viT winaswarmetyvelis<br />

sityvebs: `moixsene, ufalo, <strong>da</strong>viT <strong>da</strong><br />

yoveli simSvide misi~.<br />

Cveni upirvelesi savedrebelic<br />

esaa saxieri <strong>da</strong> kacTmoyvare Semoqmedis<br />

mimarT _ yoveli qarTvelis gulSi<br />

simSvide sufevdes, rac mTlianad Cvens<br />

qveyanaSi mSvidobis sawin<strong>da</strong>ri gaxdeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>, bunebrivia, RmrTis sityvis samsaxurisaTvisac<br />

met Zalas mogvcems <strong>da</strong> im<br />

mraval wignsac,romelic sapatriarqos<br />

gamomcemlobaSi <strong>da</strong>sabeW<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>a gamzadebuli,<br />

misi uwmidesobis madliani<br />

locva-kurTxeviT dRis sinaTles axilvinebs.<br />

110

patriarqi <strong>da</strong> wmi<strong>da</strong> samebis sakaTedro taZari<br />

Woroxis, rionisa Tu enguris Walebisaken,<br />

aramed udides ideologiur eqspansias<br />

axorcieleb<strong>da</strong>, upirvelesad, islamis<br />

gavrcelebiTa <strong>da</strong> im faseuloba-<br />

Ta CvenSi <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebiT, romlebic absoluturad<br />

ucxo iyo qarTveli kacis<br />

bunebisaTvis. Cveni erisTvis am ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvet<br />

momentSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> de<strong>da</strong>eklesia<br />

qarTuli kulturis, saukuneebiT<br />

arsebuli a<strong>da</strong>T-wesebis, cxovrebis<br />

niris qedCauxrel <strong>da</strong>mcvelad iqca.<br />

swored qristianobam gvixsna erovnuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> kulturuli ga<strong>da</strong>jiSebisagan.<br />

mTeli aTas xuTasi weli qristianoba<br />

im Suquras warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />

CvenSi asxiveb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savluri kulturis<br />

sxivebs. <strong>da</strong> Tu Cven saukuneebis man-<br />

Zilze evropul civilizacias viyaviT<br />

naziarebi <strong>da</strong> politikurad evropisaken<br />

vicqirebodiT, esec didwilad qristianobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>msaxureba iyo.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> istoriaSi TiTqos<strong>da</strong><br />

kanonzomiera<strong>da</strong>a qceuli, rom qveynis<br />

politikur aRmavlobas yovelTvis<br />

uswreb<strong>da</strong> qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis aRorZineba, erisa <strong>da</strong> beris<br />

erTianoba. igive ganmeor<strong>da</strong> XX saukunis<br />

miwurulsac.<br />

1977 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II intronizaciis Semdeg de<strong>da</strong>eklesiis<br />

roli <strong>da</strong> adgili sazogadoebriv<br />

cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovnad<br />

gaizar<strong>da</strong>. XX s-is 80-iani wlebis<br />

SuaxanebSi sabWoTa saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong><br />

eklesiis urTierTobaSi sagrZnobi cvlilebebi<br />

mox<strong>da</strong>. sabWoTa xelisuflejaba<br />

samuSia<br />

qarTvel xalxs dRenia<strong>da</strong>g locva,<br />

Sroma <strong>da</strong> brZola uxdebo<strong>da</strong>. uTvalav<br />

mterTan <strong>da</strong>pirispirebam abjari SemogvacviTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvimsxvria. msoflio imperiebTan<br />

WidilSi ganvvleT saukuneebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> aTaswleulebi. aTasi rjulis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mpyrobeli cdilob<strong>da</strong> qarTvelTa<br />

gancalkevebas, ganadgurebasa <strong>da</strong> amierkavkasiis<br />

strategiuli <strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />

regionis xelT gdebas. arabebsa Tu<br />

bizantielebs, iranelebsa Tu osmalo-<br />

Turqebs Cveni samSoblos <strong>da</strong>nawevreba<br />

TavianTi pragmatuli politikis<br />

nawilad miaCn<strong>da</strong>T. ram ga<strong>da</strong>gvarCina <strong>da</strong><br />

ram gamogvatara am Savbnel epoqaSi?<br />

pasuxis gacema am SekiTxvaze advilia<br />

_ Cvenma rwmenam. <strong>da</strong> marTlac, muslimur<br />

saxelmwifoTa garemocvaSi moqceuli<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>Tvis qristianoba<br />

mxolod aRmsarebloba ar gaxl<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

igi citadelad iyo Semovlebuli Cvens<br />

samSoblos <strong>da</strong> yvelaze did xan<strong>da</strong>ks<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> mterTaTvis, romlis <strong>da</strong>-<br />

Zlevas verasdros axerxebdnen. qarTveluri<br />

tomebis religiuri mTlianoba<br />

iyo is balavari, romelmac saukuneebiT<br />

SeaduRaba Cveni erToba. yovelive<br />

aman ki qarTul samociqulo eklesias<br />

udidesi politikuri misia SesZina.<br />

im urTules Jams ki, rodesac <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

sazRvrebs monRolTa,iranel-<br />

Ta,TurqTa marbielni moawydnen <strong>da</strong> Cveni<br />

qveyana saTareSod aqcies, Cveni de<strong>da</strong>eklesia<br />

<strong>da</strong>rajad <strong>da</strong>udga qarTvelTa<br />

TviTSegnebas. mteri martooden xmliT<br />

rodi moiwev<strong>da</strong> alaznisa Tu mtkvris,<br />

111

am mniSvnelovnad Seasusta eklesiis<br />

Seviwroeba. komunist Tu komkavSirel<br />

aqtivistebs ukve aRar avalebdnen<br />

saeklesio dResaswaulebze eklesiis<br />

karibWesTan <strong>da</strong>rajobas <strong>da</strong> imaT <strong>da</strong>smenas,<br />

vinc wirvas eswrebo<strong>da</strong>. amas <strong>da</strong>emata<br />

<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> erovnuli moZraobis<br />

axali etapis <strong>da</strong>wyeba <strong>da</strong> xalxis masobrivi<br />

mibruneba eklesiisaken. mokle<br />

xanSi Cveni taZrebi ukve mrevls veRar<br />

itev<strong>da</strong>,saSobao Tu saaRdgomo wirvisas<br />

aTasobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani taZris mimdebare<br />

teritoriaze Tu axerxeb<strong>da</strong> moxvedras.<br />

ukve naTeli gax<strong>da</strong>,rom didi sakaTedro<br />

taZari qveynis de<strong>da</strong>qalaqisaTvis araTu<br />

saWiro, aramed aucilebeli iyo. `wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

samebis agebis idea ar warmoiSva imisaTvis,<br />

rom didi taZari aSenebuliyo,<br />

_ ixsenebs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

_ es azri gaCn<strong>da</strong> erTdroulad<br />

eklesiaSi <strong>da</strong> xalxSi. Cven ar vicodiT,<br />

rogor gamogvexata RvTisadmi<br />

madlierebis grZnoba. am dros <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong><br />

idea, rom un<strong>da</strong> aSenebuliyo taZari, romelic<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong> taxti wmi<strong>da</strong> samebisa~.<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> samarTlianad uwodes wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobas<br />

`saukunis mSenebloba~. momaval kaTedrals<br />

sxva <strong>da</strong>tvirTvac hqon<strong>da</strong>, igi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> qceuliyo axali qarTuli saxelmwifos<br />

simbolod.<br />

dRevandeli ga<strong>da</strong>saxedi<strong>da</strong>n SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas, _ rom ara misi uwmidesoba,<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II,es taZari ar aigebo<strong>da</strong>. aq ar igulisxmeba<br />

martooden ideis <strong>da</strong>badeba.<br />

taZris proeqtirebisa <strong>da</strong> mSeneblobis<br />

nebismieri detali kaTolikos-patriarqTan<br />

Tanxmdebo<strong>da</strong>. igi iyo am udidesi<br />

saqmis sulisCamdgmeli <strong>da</strong> maorganizebeli.<br />

misi uwmidesoba kviraSi ramdenjerme<br />

adio<strong>da</strong> wm. samebis sakaTedro<br />

taZris mSeneblobaze,aTvaliereb<strong>da</strong> momavali<br />

kaTeralis TiToeul detals.<br />

wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobaze<br />

misi uwmidesobis misvla araviTari<br />

pompezuri ceremonialiT ar<br />

112<br />

mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. bevrjer <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, moulodnelad,<br />

oriode kacis TanxlebiT swvevia xara-<br />

CoebSi Casmul kaTedrals.<br />

mSeneblobaze amosul mis uwmidesobas<br />

megzurobas fondis xelmZRvaneloba<br />

uwev<strong>da</strong>.<br />

patriarqis mobrZanebas samreklos<br />

zarebis rekva amcnob<strong>da</strong> iq myofT. saocari<br />

sanaxavi iyo am dros taZari.<br />

muSebi nel-nela tovebdnen xaraCoebs,<br />

patriarqs Semoexveodnen <strong>da</strong> locvakurTxevas<br />

iRebdnen, taZarSi saxel<strong>da</strong>xelod<br />

gamzadebul magi<strong>da</strong>sTan patriarqi<br />

<strong>da</strong> fondis mesveurebi mSeneblobis<br />

sakiTxebs ixilavdnen. Semdeg uwmidesi<br />

mosapirkeTebel masalas Seamowmeb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

mimdinare samuSaoebsac moinaxuleb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

igi xSirad esaubrebo<strong>da</strong> mSeneblebs,xelosnebs,<br />

qviTxuroebs.<br />

cxra weli moandoma qarTvelma<br />

xalxma wmi<strong>da</strong> samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />

mSeneblobas. es iyo urTulesi periodi<br />

Cveni qveynis uaxles istoriaSi, magram,<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad ekonomikuri siZneleebisa,<br />

qarTvelobam SeZlo uflis sadidebeli<br />

taZari aRemarTa. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma samebis taZris<br />

kurTxevisas aRniSna: `Cven varT momswreni<br />

RvTis erT-erTi saocrebisa, _<br />

SeWirvebis Jams qarTvelma xalxma Se-<br />

Zlo aReSenebina didebuli taZari ese<br />

wmidisa samebisa, sadideblad RvTisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mosaqcevad erisa Cvenisa, magram,<br />

mowyale RmerTo, Cven viyaviT oden m<strong>da</strong>balni<br />

muSakni Senni. ese Sen mogvec gulisxmisyofa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Zala,raTa Sens sadideblad<br />

<strong>da</strong> Cven<strong>da</strong> nugeSad mogverTmia<br />

es Sesawiri...~ erisa <strong>da</strong> beris erTobam<br />

SeaZlebina qarTvelebs es saswauli.<br />

SeuZlebelia auRelveblad CaikiTxo<br />

kaTedralis mSeneblobisaTvis gakeTebul<br />

SemowirulobaTa nusxa, visac ra<br />

gaaCn<strong>da</strong>, imas swirav<strong>da</strong> mSeneblobas.<br />

iyvnen a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romelTac materialuri<br />

Senatanis gakeTeba ar SeeZloT <strong>da</strong><br />

fizikuri SromiT cdilobdnen am didi<br />

wamowyebis Tanadgomas. mis uwmideso-

as araerTxel aRuniSnavs, rom wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

samebis sakaTedro taZari qarTveli<br />

xalxis avtoportretia. marTlac, kaTedralis<br />

mSenebloba qarTvelTa sulis<br />

gamoc<strong>da</strong>s warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi<br />

iyvnen a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic skeptikurad<br />

uyurebdnen am wamowyebas. im<br />

droisaTvis Cvens arqiteqtorebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

mSeneblebs eklesiaTa agebis gamocdileba<br />

TiTqmis ar gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T. dRes, 15-<br />

ode wlis Semdeg ra SesaniSnavad Cans<br />

am saukunis wamowyebis de<strong>da</strong>azri. saqme<br />

martooden erTi konkretuli taZris,<br />

Tun<strong>da</strong>c sakaTedro taZari yofiliyo,<br />

agebaSi rodi mdgomareob<strong>da</strong>. misi uwmidesoba,<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II SesaniSnavad xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom es mSenebloba Cveni eris sulieri<br />

aRmavlobis sawindrad iqceo<strong>da</strong>. imavdroulad,<br />

es wamowyeba aTwleulobiT<br />

miviwyebuli saeklesio arqiteqturis,<br />

mxatvrobis, Wedurobisa Tu sxva <strong>da</strong>rg-<br />

Ta aRorZinebis safuZveli gaxdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiasa <strong>da</strong> xelisuflebas Soris mimowera<br />

axali sakaTedro taZris agebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT 1988 wels <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<br />

umokles xanSi aRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris<br />

TaosnobiT Seiqmna specialuri<br />

komisia, romelsac <strong>da</strong>evala sakaTedro<br />

taZrisTvis adgilis SerCeva.<br />

komisiam <strong>da</strong>iwyo momavali taZrisaTvis<br />

adgilis Zieba. moinaxules<br />

Tbilisis ramdenime ubani. aRniSnuli<br />

sakiTxis irgvliv imsjeles Tbilisis<br />

saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomSi kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II stumrobisas.<br />

sabolood, komisiam mizanSewonilad<br />

miiCnia taZris ageba mtkvris marcxena<br />

sanapiroze, baraTaSvilis aRmarTis<br />

ze<strong>da</strong> terasaze. ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebam ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>ayovna <strong>da</strong> Tbilisis saqalaqo sab-<br />

Wos aRmaskomma 1989 wlis 23 Tebervals,<br />

04.30.107 nomriT, sagangebo dokumenti<br />

gamosca (Tbilisis saistorio arqivi,<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomi,<br />

aRw. 5, saqme 758):<br />

`qarTuli marTlmadidebluri<br />

taZris asaSeneblad adgilis<br />

SerCevis Sesaxeb<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomi<br />

aRniSnavs, rom am ramdenime xnis<br />

winaT Sesrul<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqos<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobis 1500 weli. am<br />

TariRTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

sapatriarqo iTxovs, TbilisSi aSendes<br />

taZari, rogorc simboluri gamoxatuleba<br />

qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis<br />

TxuTmetsaukunovani istoriisa.<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis<br />

1989 wlis 5 noembris N1755 gankargulebiT,am<br />

mizniT Seqmnilma kompetenturma<br />

komisiam, <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II monawileobiT,<br />

SearCia adgili baraTaSvilis<br />

aRmarTis qimze <strong>da</strong> Semodis aRmaskomis<br />

winaSe saTanado wina<strong>da</strong>debiT.<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomma<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita:<br />

1. <strong>da</strong>kmayofildes <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqos<br />

Txovna <strong>da</strong> qarTuli mar-<br />

Tlmadidebluri taZris asaSeneblad<br />

gamoeyos baraTaSvilis aRmarTis qimze<br />

SerCeuli adgili _ samoqalaqo quCis,<br />

xidisTavis quCis, avlabris quCis <strong>da</strong>sawyisis<br />

marjvena mxaris CaTvliT <strong>da</strong><br />

kaliaevis quCas Soris moqceuli kvartali.<br />

2. eTxovos <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqos,<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> arqiteqtorTa kav-<br />

SirTan erTad, konkursis gamocxadeba<br />

taZris proeqtze.<br />

3. mTavarma arqiteqturul-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTma<br />

sammarTvelom ZeglTa <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

mTavar sammarTvelosTan <strong>da</strong> arqiteqtorTa<br />

kavSirTan erTad moamzados<br />

arqiteqturul-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTi <strong>da</strong>valeba<br />

<strong>da</strong> konkursisaTvis saWiro masalebi.<br />

aRmaskomis Tavmjdomare<br />

i. andriaZe<br />

aRmaskomis mdivani<br />

v. jafariZe~<br />

113

am dokumentis gamocemis Semdeg wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

samebis taZris mSeneblobis saqmem<br />

seriozulad waiwia win. Tbilisis aRmaskomis<br />

mier miRebuli dokumentis<br />

safuZvelze, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqos<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> arqiteqtorTa kavSirs<br />

eTxova saukeTeso proeqtis SesarCevad<br />

konkursis gamocxadeba, xolo<br />

mTavar arqiteqturul-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiT<br />

sammarTvelos, ZeglTa <strong>da</strong>cvis mTavar<br />

sammarTvelosTan <strong>da</strong> arqiteqtorTa kavSirTan<br />

erTad, konkursisaTvis saWiro<br />

masalebis _ programisa <strong>da</strong> pirobebis<br />

momzadeba <strong>da</strong>evala.<br />

1989 wlis 5 maiss Tbilisis mTavar<br />

arqiteqturul-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiT sammarTveloSi<br />

gamarTul Sexvedrazec,<br />

romelsac <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi<br />

ilia II, qalaqis saxalxo deputatTa<br />

sabWos Tavmjdomare, aRmasrulebeli<br />

komitetis Tavmjdomare, arqiteqtorebi,<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneebi <strong>da</strong> mowveuli<br />

sazogadoeba eswrebodnen, moismines<br />

informacia momavali kaTedralis<br />

asagebi adgilis Sesaxeb. konkursis<br />

gamocxadebisas TiTqmis ukve garkveuli<br />

iyo, Tu sad un<strong>da</strong> aRmarTuliyo wm.<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZari. `sagangebo<br />

ganCinebiT~ gamocxadebul konkursSi<br />

monawileobis msurvelT TavianTi proeqti<br />

swored im garemosTvis un<strong>da</strong> SeexamebinaT,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c ganzraxuli iyo kaTedralis<br />

ageba, TumcaRa, am etapze arqiteqtorebs<br />

SeeZloT TavianTi variantis<br />

SemoTavazebac. amdenad, avlabris<br />

platoze, baraTaSvilis aRmarTis ze<strong>da</strong><br />

terasaze taZris agebis idea erTgvar<br />

`samuSao variants~ warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

1990 wlis Tebervlis <strong>da</strong>sawyisisTvis<br />

yvelaferi mzad iyo Ria konkursis<br />

Casatareblad. arqiteqtorebi TavianTi<br />

proeqtebis ukanasknel detalebs<br />

amuSavebdnen. 8 Tebervals mxatvris<br />

saxlSi moewyo konkursis gaxsnis ceremoniali,<br />

romelsac auarebeli stumari<br />

<strong>da</strong>eswro. mcire xniT adre cnobili gax<strong>da</strong><br />

Jiuris Semadgenlobac. masSi Sediodnen:<br />

114<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi <strong>da</strong> unetaresi ilia<br />

II _ Tavmjdomare; alaverdeli mitropoliti<br />

grigoli (cercvaZe); cxumafxazeTis<br />

mitropoliti <strong>da</strong>viTi (Wkadua);<br />

baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropoliti<br />

konstantine (meliqiZe); bodbeli mitropoliti<br />

aTanase (CaxvaSvili); agarak-walkeli<br />

mTavarepiskoposi Tadeozi<br />

(ioramaSvili); nikorwmindeli<br />

mTavarepiskoposi ambrosi (qaTamaZe);<br />

quTaTel-gaenaTeli mTavarepiskoposi<br />

kalistrate (margalitaSvili); margveli<br />

episkoposi qristefore (wamalaiZe);<br />

axalcixisa <strong>da</strong> samcxe-javaxe-<br />

Tis episkoposi anania (jafariZe); urbneli<br />

episkoposi vaxtangi (axvlediani);<br />

wilkneli episkoposi zosime (SioSvili);<br />

Wyondideli episkoposi giorgi<br />

(SalamberiZe); Tbilisis sasuliero<br />

seminariisa <strong>da</strong> akademiis reqtori protopresviteri<br />

giorgi gamrekeli.<br />

sasuliero pirTa gar<strong>da</strong>, Jiuris<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen: irakli<br />

andriaZe _ Tbilisis saxalxo deputatTa<br />

saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis<br />

Tavmjdomare; guram mirianaSvili _<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> `saxmSenis~ Tavmjdomare;<br />

no<strong>da</strong>r mgalobliSvili _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

arqiteqtorTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare;<br />

albert TavxeliZe _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti;<br />

no<strong>da</strong>r amaRlobeli _ ivane javaxiSvilis<br />

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />

universitetis reqtori; akaki baqraZe<br />

_ <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> rusTavelis<br />

sazogadoebis prezidenti; no<strong>da</strong>r na-<br />

TaZe _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> saxalxo frontis<br />

Tavmjdomare; ana kalan<strong>da</strong>Ze _ poeti;<br />

no<strong>da</strong>r janberiZe _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelovnebis<br />

institutis direqtori; Tengiz<br />

kvirkvelia _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> teqnikuri<br />

universitetis profesori; giorgi<br />

baTiaSvili _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samxatvro<br />

akademiis profesori; elizbar javeliZe<br />

_ gazeT `literaturuli <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>~<br />

re<strong>da</strong>qtori; <strong>da</strong>viT ciciSvili<br />

_ sazogadoeba `Tbiliselis~ Tavmj-

domaris moadgile; Tengiz buaCiZe _<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kulturis fondis Tavmjdomare;<br />

elguja amaSukeli _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

mxatvarTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare;<br />

Tamaz naTiZe _ ZeglTa <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

mTavari samecniero sammarTvelos<br />

ufrosis moadgile; merab mamar<strong>da</strong>Svili<br />

_ filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori;<br />

vaxtang <strong>da</strong>viTaia _ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

teqnikuri universitetis profesori.<br />

eqspozicia ganlagebuli iyo mxatvris<br />

saxlis pirvel <strong>da</strong> meore sarTulze.<br />

sul gamofenili iyo 41 namuSevari.<br />

maT Soris 34 proeqti <strong>da</strong>srulebuli<br />

saxiT iyo warmodgenili, xolo 7 namuSevari<br />

samuSao variants an moswavleTa<br />

mier Seqmnil maketebs warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

pirvelma konkursma gamarjvebuli<br />

ver gamoavlina <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong> meore turis<br />

gamarTva, romelic 1990 wlis 2 seqtembers<br />

Catar<strong>da</strong>. sul warmodgenili<br />

iyo 59 namuSevari. konkursSi monawileob<strong>da</strong><br />

56 avtori Tu saavtoro jgufi.<br />

1990 wlis 29 seqtembers, 6 saaTze<br />

Tbilisis mxatvris saxlSi, sakonsultacio<br />

sabWos sxdomaze konkursis saboloo<br />

Sejameba mox<strong>da</strong>. misi uwmidesobis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT gamarjvebulad arCil<br />

mindiaSvilis proeqti <strong>da</strong>saxel<strong>da</strong>.<br />

pirvel etapze yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />

problemas taZris asagebi konkretuli<br />

adgilis <strong>da</strong>dgena warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

xuroTmoZRvarni, odiTganve, udides<br />

mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen adgils, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

un<strong>da</strong> aRemarTaT TavianTi qmnileba, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

harmoniulad Seerwymo<strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs<br />

garemo <strong>da</strong> taZari.<br />

qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis xilvisas<br />

upirvelesad aRtacebaSi mohyavxar<br />

arqiteqtoris ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas:<br />

ra saocari gumaniT SeurCevia adgili<br />

taZrisaTvis. tao-klarjeTis, samcxis,<br />

qarTl-kaxeTis, guria-aWarisa Tu imereT-samegrelos<br />

Zeglebi gana iseTsave<br />

esTetikur siamovnebas mogvaniWebdnen<br />

sxva reliefze rom yofiliyvnen agebulni?<br />

Cveni xuroTmoZRvarni saocrad<br />

115<br />

uTavsebdnen garemos momavali taZris<br />

formasa <strong>da</strong> masStabebs. Tu ra mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs taZrisa <strong>da</strong> mSeneblobis<br />

adgilis Sexamebas zoga<strong>da</strong>d Zeglis<br />

aRqmaSi, kargad Cans mcxeTis jvris<br />

magaliTze. igi isea Serwymuli mcxeTis<br />

Tavze aRmarTul mTas, rom mnaxvels<br />

eqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos am<br />

mTi<strong>da</strong>n iyos amozrdili. an<strong>da</strong> aviRoT<br />

banas SesaniSnavi kaTedrali. taos es<br />

nawili sakmaod xriokia, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

amisa, xuroTmoZRvarma mainc moZebna<br />

iseTi adgili,sa<strong>da</strong>c buneba Tavad qmnis<br />

ferTa harmonias. taZris fasadi SeZerwilia<br />

moyviTalo naTali qviT <strong>da</strong> saocrad<br />

miesa<strong>da</strong>geba garemos.<br />

romeli erTi Zegli CamovTvaloT.<br />

es sakiTxi yvela qveynisa <strong>da</strong> epoqis<br />

arqiteqtorTa safiqrali iyo <strong>da</strong> aris.<br />

sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde,<br />

amave problemis winaSe <strong>da</strong>dga<br />

Cveni sazogadoebac, yvelas kargad esmo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom momavali qmnileba harmoniulad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Serwymo<strong>da</strong> garemos <strong>da</strong> qalaqis<br />

organul nawilad qceuliyo. jer<br />

kidev sawyis etapze, rodesac mxolod<br />

proeqtebis ganxilva mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

arqiteqtorebi <strong>da</strong> xelovnebaTmcodneebi<br />

sagangebod miuTiTebdnen wm. samebis<br />

taZris kompleqsis qalaqis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebaSi<br />

faqizad `Casmis~ aucileblobaze.<br />

meore turis Semdeg TiTqos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili<br />

iyo momavali taZris avlabris<br />

platoze ageba. magram sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva faqtorma<br />

ganapiroba axali adgilis Zieba.<br />

upirvelesi mizezi iyo is, rom 1991_1992<br />

ww. Semdeg, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T baraTaSvilis aRmarTis ze<strong>da</strong><br />

terasis gamoTavisufleba mSeneblobisaTvis.<br />

am periodisaTvis sakiTxis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis erTaderTi realuri gza<br />

iyo qalaqis centralur nawilSi Tavisufali<br />

adgilis moZieba, sa<strong>da</strong>c SesaZlebeli<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong> kaTedralisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sapatriarqo rezidenciis ganTavseba.<br />

didi sja-baasis Sedegad ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

wm. samebis taZrisaTvis vakeSi, studqalaqis<br />

teritoriaze gamoeyoT adgili.

1995 wels kaTedris asagebi adgili<br />

kidev erTxel Seicvala.<br />

vakis studqalaqis teritoriaze<br />

kaTedralisaTvis sakmaod mcire far-<br />

Tobi iyo gamoyofili, amasTanave, vake-<br />

Si sapatriarqo rezidenciis ga<strong>da</strong>tana<br />

aSkarad gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong> qalaqis am nawil-<br />

Si qalaq<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiT sirTuleebs. am<br />

periodSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqoSi<br />

gamarTuli Sexvedrisas vakis studqalaqis<br />

paralelurad, variantis doneze,<br />

momavali kaTedralis asagebad Seir-<br />

Ca aseve avlabarSi `megobrobis parkis~<br />

teritoria. am mosazrebas Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve<br />

bevri mxar<strong>da</strong>mWeri gauCn<strong>da</strong>, rasac<br />

araerTi <strong>da</strong>debiTi faqtori ganapirobeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

jer erTi, `megobrobis parkis~<br />

teritoria gacilebiT didi iyo, vidre<br />

vakis studqalaqisa, meore, am adgilze<br />

agebuli kaTedrali Tbilisis uamravi<br />

adgili<strong>da</strong>n iqnebo<strong>da</strong> SesamCnevi <strong>da</strong><br />

mesame, mas Tavisuflad SeeZlo de<strong>da</strong>qalaqis<br />

am nawilSi dominantis rolis<br />

Sesruleba. sabolood, 1995 wlis seqtemberSi,wm.<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />

asagebad SeirCa isan-samgoris raionSi,<br />

elias ubanSi arsebuli `megobrobis<br />

parkis~ teritoria.<br />

didi masStabis mSeneblobis wamowyeba<br />

TavisTavad iTxov<strong>da</strong> iseT struqturas,<br />

romelic organizebas gauwev<strong>da</strong><br />

mimdinare samuSaoebs. swori menejmenti<br />

saqmis warmatebis erT-erTi winapirobaa.<br />

nebismieri didi wamowyebisadmi<br />

amgvari midgoma ara marto Cveni epoqis<br />

maxasiaTebeli niSania, ase iyo odiTganve,<br />

saukuneebis manZilze.<br />

did saqmeTa <strong>da</strong>wyeba TavisTavad Znelia,<br />

magram maTi srulyofilebamde miyvana<br />

rCeulTa xvedria yovelTvis. Cveni<br />

grandiozuli kaTedralebis mSeneblobebi<br />

did Zalisxmevas, upirvelesad,<br />

qarTvel xuroTmoZRvarTagan moiTxov<strong>da</strong>.<br />

yoveli epoqa Tavis moTxovnebs uyenebs<br />

SemoqmedT. uwin Tu xuroTmoZ-<br />

Rvari Tavad iyo mSeneblobis xelmZ-<br />

Rvanelic <strong>da</strong> arqiteqtoric, amJamad<br />

TviT am sferoSi mox<strong>da</strong> diferenciacia.<br />

116<br />

arqiteqtorebi dReisaTvis, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,<br />

pasuxs ageben nawarmoebis funqciur,<br />

konstruqciul <strong>da</strong> esTetikur mxareze.<br />

rac Seexeba uSualod mSeneblobas, mas<br />

profesionali mSeneblebi uZRvebian.<br />

yovelive amas imitom aRvniSnavT, rom<br />

wm. samebis taZris mSeneblobis saqmeSi<br />

lomis wili mSeneblobis swor <strong>da</strong>gegmvasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> organizebas miuZRvis, rasac<br />

`wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis<br />

fondi~ uZRveba. misi uwmidesobis,<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II avtoritetisa <strong>da</strong> neba-survilis,<br />

qarTveli eris mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris, Sesabamisi<br />

<strong>da</strong>finansebisa <strong>da</strong> gamarTuli<br />

menejmentis wyalobiT Seisxa xorci am<br />

udidesma wamowyebam.<br />

1994 wlis 14 oqtombers,sveticxovlobis<br />

dResaswaulze, sveticxovlis<br />

sakaTedro taZarSi <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis fondis<br />

<strong>da</strong>fuZneba gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>. kaTedralisTvis<br />

saWiro Tanxis akumulireba fondis angariSze<br />

un<strong>da</strong> momx<strong>da</strong>riyo, mSeneblobac<br />

masve un<strong>da</strong> waremarTa. fondis sapatio<br />

Tavmjdomareebi brZandebodnen misi<br />

uwmidesoba, kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia<br />

II <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> prezidenti eduard-giorgi<br />

SevardnaZe, fondis prezidentad<br />

airCies cnobili mxatvari <strong>da</strong><br />

moqan<strong>da</strong>ke zurab wereTeli.<br />

1995 wlis ivlisi<strong>da</strong>n fondSi Zireuli<br />

reorganizacia ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>.<br />

fonds saTaveSi Caudga irakli andriaZe,<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>idga konkretuli nabijebi.<br />

Seiqmna samuSao jgufi <strong>da</strong> ramdenime<br />

TveSi moxerx<strong>da</strong> elias mTaze samuSaoebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wyeba. paralelurad warmoeb<strong>da</strong><br />

proeqtis srulyofa. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

kurTxeviT Seiqmna `saeklesio<br />

xuroTmoZRvrebis centri~, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

arqiteqtorma arCil mindiaSvilma<br />

Semoikriba axalgazr<strong>da</strong> arqiteqtorTa<br />

mTeli plea<strong>da</strong>. proeqtirebasTan erTad,<br />

e. kizirias xelmZRvanelobiT warmoeb<strong>da</strong><br />

taZris konstruqciuli elementebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>muSaveba.

1998 wli<strong>da</strong>n kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

kurTxeviT `xuroTmoZRvrebis<br />

saeklesio centrs~ gamoeyo kaTedralis<br />

proeqtze momuSave jgufi <strong>da</strong> mas<br />

SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianeba `kaTedrali~<br />

ewo<strong>da</strong> (xelmZRvaneli arCil mindiaSvili).<br />

imave wlis ivnisSi, fondis<br />

TxovniT, xuroTmoZRvrebis centrma<br />

Sewyvita taZris proeqtireba <strong>da</strong> es<br />

funqcia `kaTedrals~ ga<strong>da</strong>eca.<br />

1995 wlis 29 oqtombers, `Tbilisobis~<br />

dResaswaulze, kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

momavali kaTedralis adgili<br />

akurTxa <strong>da</strong> im adgilze, sa<strong>da</strong>c wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

samebis sakaTedro taZari aRimarTebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

jvari <strong>da</strong>asvena.<br />

1995 wlis 23 noembers elias mTaze<br />

momavali sakaTedro taZris qvabulis<br />

amoReba <strong>da</strong>iwyo. 1996 wlis 3 marts<br />

saZirkveli ekurTxa.<br />

saZirkvlis kurTxevis Semdeg,<br />

pirvel etapze,mSenebloba sakmaod kargi<br />

tempiT mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. magram male<br />

siZneleebma iCina Tavi. misi uwmidesobis<br />

ganwyoba, rwmena imisa, rom taZari<br />

aucileblad aigebo<strong>da</strong>, yvelas udides<br />

enTuziazms unergav<strong>da</strong>. mwiri <strong>da</strong>finansebis<br />

pirobebSi taZari nel-nela miiwev<strong>da</strong><br />

nulovani niSnulisaken. amis paralelurad<br />

1998 wels sakaTedro taZris<br />

samxreTiT aigo wm. ilia Tezbitelis<br />

xis eklesia (1999 wlis 2 marts gam-<br />

Teniisas xis eklesia gaurkvevel vi-<br />

TarebaSi <strong>da</strong>iwva. 2000 wlisaTvis wm.<br />

ilia Tezbitelis axali qvis eklesiis<br />

Seneba <strong>da</strong>iwyo).<br />

2000 wlisaTvis kaTedralis miwisqveSa<br />

nawili <strong>da</strong>srulebuli iyo.<br />

swored 2000 wels kaTedralis generaluri<br />

sponsori gax<strong>da</strong> cnobili qarTveli<br />

biznesmeni <strong>da</strong> qvelmoqmedi bi-<br />

Zina ivaniSvili, romlis TanadgomiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> finansuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebiTac aigo es<br />

grandiozuli taZari.<br />

ZiriTadi karkasis mSenebloba 2001<br />

wlis miwurulisTvis <strong>da</strong>srulebuli<br />

iyo. 2002 wlis ianvar-martSi ukve gumbaTis<br />

yelis mSenebloba warmoeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

117<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />

mSeneblobis istoriaSi erT-erTi<br />

ZiriTadi etapi <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong> 2002 wlis<br />

31 marts, rodesac gumbaTze bolo betoni<br />

Caisxa. kaTedrali mTeli grandiozulobiT<br />

amoiwia Tbilisis Tavze.<br />

2002_2003 wlebSi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d taZris<br />

mopirkeTebis samuSaoebi mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

2003 wlis 6 dekembers wm. samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZarze jvari aRimarTa.<br />

qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul ZeglTagan<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> samebis sakaTedro taZari<br />

yvelaze masStaburia. de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi igi<br />

TiTqmis yvela wertili<strong>da</strong>n Cans. uSualod<br />

kaTedrali ori _ miwisze<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> miwisqveSa<br />

_ nawilisagan Sedgeba. saerTo<br />

simaRle nulovani niSnuli<strong>da</strong>n jvris<br />

CaTvliT 86,10 metria (uSualod jvari 7,5<br />

metris simaRlisaa). lavris miwisqveSa<br />

nawilSi ori sarTuli mdebareobs. taZris<br />

fun<strong>da</strong>menti 14, 07 metris siRrmezea<br />

(qve<strong>da</strong> sarTulis iataki 13,07 metrzea.<br />

amas emateba erTmetriani fun<strong>da</strong>menti).<br />

wm. samebis taZris saerTo simaRle, am<br />

monacemebiT, 100,17 metria (86,10+14,07).<br />

wm. samebis taZris sigrZe 70,450 metri,<br />

sigane ki 64,68 metria.<br />

2004 wlis gazafxulze ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>,<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> samebis sakaTedro taZari 23<br />

noembers, giorgobis brwyinvale dResaswaulze<br />

ekurTxebinaT. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom mTlianad kompleqsSi 12 eklesiaa;<br />

uSualod kaTedralSi ganTavsebulia<br />

10 eklesia: wm. samebis sakaTedro<br />

taZari, xarebis eklesia, mTavarangelozTa<br />

saxelobis eklesia, wmi<strong>da</strong> ioane<br />

naTlismcemlis saxelobis eklesia,<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> ninos saxelobis eklesia, wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis<br />

eklesia, wmi<strong>da</strong> nikolozis saxelobis<br />

eklesia, yovelTa wmi<strong>da</strong>Ta saxelobis<br />

eklesia, Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis<br />

eklesia, wmi<strong>da</strong> giorgis saxelobis<br />

eklesia. kompleqsis samxreT karibWes-<br />

Tan aRmarTulia wm. ilia Tezbitelis<br />

saxelobis eklesia, xolo <strong>da</strong>savleTi<br />

(centraluri) karibWis Tavze _ iveriis<br />

RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia.

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriaqis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT,<br />

21_23 noembers un<strong>da</strong> Catarebuliyo<br />

yvela taZris kurTxeva.<br />

pirvelad <strong>da</strong>gegmili iyo patara eklesiebis<br />

kurTxeva, xolo 23 noembers _<br />

uSualod wm. samebis taZris.<br />

21 noembers dilis 7 saaTi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

samebis taZarSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

kuTxi<strong>da</strong>n CamobrZandnen morwmuneebi.<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samociqulo eklesiis<br />

9 eparqiis winamZRvarma Seasrula<br />

samebis kompleqsSi ganTavsebuli 9<br />

taZris kurTxeva (teqnikuri mizezebis<br />

gamo ar ekurTxa xarebisa <strong>da</strong> iveriis<br />

RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia).<br />

taZris miwisze<strong>da</strong> nawilSi mdebare<br />

oTxi eklesia akurTxes mRvdelm-<br />

Tavrebma:<br />

mTavarangelozTa saxelobis taZari<br />

_ quTaTel-gaenaTelma mitropolitma<br />

kalistratem (margalitaSvili);<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis<br />

taZari _ borjomisa <strong>da</strong> bakurianis<br />

mTavarepiskoposma serafimem<br />

(jojua);<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> ninos saxelobis taZari _<br />

niqozisa <strong>da</strong> cxinvalis mTavarepiskoposma<br />

isaiam (Wanturia);<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis<br />

taZari _ gorisa <strong>da</strong> samTavisis<br />

episkoposma andriam (gvazava).<br />

akurTxes kompleqsis miwisqveSa<br />

nawilSi ganTavsebuli oTxi taZari:<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> nikolozis saxelobis taZari<br />

_ axalqalaqisa <strong>da</strong> kumurdos mTavarepiskoposma<br />

nikolozma ( faCuaSvili).<br />

yovelTa wmi<strong>da</strong>Ta saxelobis taZari<br />

_ axalcixisa, tao-klarjeTisa <strong>da</strong><br />

lazeTis mTavarepiskoposma Teodorem<br />

(WuaZe).<br />

Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis<br />

taZari _ xonisa <strong>da</strong> samtrediis mTavarepiskoposma<br />

sabam (gigiberiam).<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> giorgis saxelobis taZari _<br />

vanisa <strong>da</strong> baR<strong>da</strong>Tis mTavarepiskoposma<br />

antonma (buluxia).<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> samebis taZris ezoSi arsebuli<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> ilia Tezbitelis saxelobis<br />

taZari ki amba alaverdelma mitropolitma<br />

<strong>da</strong>viTma (maxaraZe) akurTxa.<br />

cxra taZris kurTxevis Semdeg<br />

mRvdelmTavrebma sazeimo wirva aRavlines.<br />

2004 wlis 23 noemberi, wm. samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva, <strong>sruliad</strong><br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong>aTvis udides dResaswaulad<br />

iqca. televiziam Tu presam 23<br />

noembramde karga xniT adre <strong>da</strong>iwyo<br />

am movlenisadmi miZRvnili ga<strong>da</strong>cemebisa<br />

Tu publikaciebis momzadeba.<br />

iuneskos <strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

sapatriarqos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT 22_25<br />

noembers sazeimod aRiniSna `qristianobis<br />

oci saukune <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>~.<br />

Catar<strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso samecniero<br />

konferencia, romelSic monawileoba<br />

miiRes sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynis mecnierebma<br />

<strong>da</strong> saeklesio moRvaweebma. misi uwmidesobis,<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqisa <strong>da</strong><br />

wm. sinodis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva saerTosaxalxo<br />

zeimis _ `qristianobis oci<br />

saukune <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>~_ Semadgeneli<br />

nawili gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />

23 noembers, dili<strong>da</strong>nve aTasobiT<br />

morwmune ewvia elias mTas. wmi<strong>da</strong><br />

samebis sakTedro taZris kurTxeva dilis<br />

7 saaTze <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>da</strong> igi Caatares<br />

ninowmidisa <strong>da</strong> sagarejos episkoposma<br />

lukam, samTavisisa <strong>da</strong> goris episkoposma<br />

andriam <strong>da</strong> gurjaanisa <strong>da</strong> veliscixis<br />

episkoposma eqvTimem. trapezis<br />

kurTxeva <strong>da</strong>asrula <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma<br />

<strong>da</strong> unetaresma ilia II, ris Semdegac<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo sadResaswaulo wirva.<br />

wm. samebis taZris kurTxevas eswrebodnen<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> prezidenti m.<br />

saakaSvili, parlamentisa <strong>da</strong> mTavrobis<br />

wevrebi, mecnierebis, xelovnebis, biznesis,<br />

ucxoeTis diplomatiuri korpusisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> religiuri konfesiebis warmomadgenlebi.<br />

taZarSi myofT sityviT<br />

mimarTes <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

ilia II <strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> prezidentma<br />

mixeil saakaSvilma.<br />

118

kurTxevi<strong>da</strong>n samma welma ganvlo.<br />

amJamad taZari ukve <strong>da</strong>srulebulia. sam-<br />

Seneblo samuSaoebi mxolod kompleqsis<br />

ramdenime obieqtze mimdinareobs<br />

(sanaTlavi, seminaria-akademiis Senoba<br />

<strong>da</strong> muzeumi). taZari yovelTvis savsea<br />

mlocvelebiT. wm. samebis sakTedro<br />

taZari Cveni eris Seuryeveli rwmenis,<br />

erTobisa <strong>da</strong> SemarTebis simbolo<strong>da</strong>a<br />

aRmarTuli.<br />

119

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqosTan arsebuli<br />

gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia<br />

<strong>da</strong>mana meliqiSvili<br />

1994 wlis <strong>da</strong>sasruls quTaisis<br />

saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris,<br />

prof. m. Toduas <strong>da</strong> qarTvel mecnier-<br />

Ta erTi jgufis iniciativiT ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>,<br />

<strong>da</strong>fuZnebuliyo gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademia, romelic wm. <strong>da</strong>viT mefis mier<br />

XII saukuneSi, gelaTis monasterSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>arsebuli saswavleblis msgavsad<br />

simbolo un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo rwmenisa <strong>da</strong><br />

codnisa. es azri moxsen<strong>da</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />

kaTolikos-patriarqs, mis uwmidesobas<br />

ilia II, romelic didi gulisxmierebiT<br />

gamoexmaura am cnobas _ man Tavis<br />

saaRdgomo epistoleSi sixaruliT<br />

amcno mrevls: `misasalmebelia, rom<br />

Cvens mecnierTa wreSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> survili<br />

<strong>da</strong> moTxovnileba gelaTis akademiis,<br />

rogorc samecniero centris aRdgenisa<br />

im saxiT, rogorc es iyo <strong>da</strong>dginebuli<br />

wmi<strong>da</strong> mefe <strong>da</strong>viT aRmaSeneblis<br />

mier. cnobilia, rom <strong>da</strong>viT mefis mecadineobiT<br />

gelaTis akademia iqca `sxuad<br />

aTinad <strong>da</strong> meore ierusalemad~, anu<br />

sulierebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnieruli kvlevis<br />

centrad... Cven mxari <strong>da</strong>vuWireT inteligenciis<br />

am ideas <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>vwyviteT,<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqos sulieri<br />

mfarvelobiT <strong>da</strong> xelisuflebis aqtiuri<br />

TanadgomiT quTaisSi <strong>da</strong>arsdes<br />

gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

arCeul akademikosTa xelmZRvanelobiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>muSavdeba didi speqtri sulieri<br />

TvaliT <strong>da</strong>naxuli samecniero<br />

Temebisa. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />

mieqceva bibliologias,RvTismetyvelebas,<br />

qarTvelologiur enaTmecnierul<br />

kvlevas, kulturuli, fsiqologiuri,<br />

anTropologiuri, eTikuri, istoriuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva sakiTxebis gaSuqebas. aq erTad<br />

imoRvaweben Cveni cnobili saero mkvlevarni<br />

<strong>da</strong> sasuliero pirni. eklesiis<br />

cxovrebaSi iyo gamorCeuli periodebi,<br />

roca gansakuTrebulad Rvivdebo<strong>da</strong><br />

saRvTismetyvelo azri. aseT dros sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

adgilze Cndebo<strong>da</strong> sulier-inteleqtualuri<br />

kerebi. vfiqrobT,gela-<br />

Tis akademiac msgavs savaned iqceva.~<br />

1995 wlis 14 marts uwmidesma <strong>da</strong><br />

unetaresma <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> sapatriarqos<br />

rezidenciaSi moiwvia sainiciativo<br />

jgufis sxdoma, xolo amave wlis<br />

5 aprils wm. sinodis sxdomaze miRebul<br />

iqna ganCineba: `qarTveli erisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mosaxleobis<br />

sulieri ganmtkicebisaTvis, misi<br />

inteleqtualuri <strong>da</strong> zneobrivi ganvi-<br />

TarebisaTvis, q. quTaisSi, gelaTis akademiasTan,<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> sasuliero saswavleblisa,<br />

<strong>da</strong>arsdes gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademia <strong>da</strong> amiT aRdges wm. mefe <strong>da</strong>viT<br />

aRmaSeneblis mier <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli<br />

gelaTis akademiis tradicia”.<br />

<strong>sruliad</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa <strong>da</strong> unetaresis<br />

ilia II kurTxeviTa <strong>da</strong> TanadgomiT<br />

idea gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

<strong>da</strong>arsebisa ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> 1995 wlis<br />

25 maisis brZanebiT, romelsac xels<br />

120

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