kari 5. biomravalferovneba da biologiuri ... - momxmarebeli.ge
kari 5. biomravalferovneba da biologiuri ... - momxmarebeli.ge
kari 5. biomravalferovneba da biologiuri ... - momxmarebeli.ge
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saqarTveloSi <strong>biomravalferovneba</strong>ze moqmed ZiriTadi safrTxeebad ganixileba<br />
habitatebis ganadgureba/degra<strong>da</strong>cia <strong>da</strong> <strong>biologiuri</strong> resursebis Warbi mopoveba.<br />
habitatebis ganadgurebis ZiriTadi mizezebia tyeebis usistemo Cexva, wylis<br />
ekosistemebis degra<strong>da</strong>cia <strong>da</strong> intensiuri Zoveba. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom bolo<br />
droindeli tendenciebi miuTiTeben xe-tyis resursebis ukanono mopovebis<br />
Semcirebaze, merqnisa <strong>da</strong> saTbobi SeSis <strong>da</strong>mzadeba mainc rCeba erT-erT<br />
umniSvnelovanes safrTxed biomravalferovnebisaTvis. intensiuri Zovebis<br />
problema ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d exeba saqarTvelos maRalmTianeTis subalpur <strong>da</strong> alpur <strong>da</strong><br />
saqarTvelos samxreT-aRmosavleTis aridul ekosistemebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c Sinauri<br />
pirutyvis (gansakuTrebiT cxvris) didi raodenoba <strong>da</strong> mouwesri<strong>ge</strong>beli Zoveba<br />
iwvevs nia<strong>da</strong>gis eroziebs.<br />
2.1 saxeobebi<br />
saqarTvelos floris Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobaSi aRricxulia 4130 WurWlovani mcenare.<br />
maT Soris gvimranairebi – 79, SiSvelTeslovanni – 17, farulTeslovanni –<br />
4034 (orlebnianni – 3278; erTlebnianni – 756). saqarTvelos floris simdidris<br />
maCvenelia endemizmis maRali done. saqarTvelos floris <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 21% -<br />
900-mde saxeoba endemuria. maT Soris 600-mde saxeoba (mTeli saxeobebis 14,2%)<br />
kavkasiis endemia; 300 saxeobamde (mTeli saxeobebis 9,0%) – uSualod<br />
saqarTvelos endemia. maRalia saqarTvelos floris gvarobrivi endemizmic.<br />
saqarTvelosa <strong>da</strong> kavkasiis floris Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobaSi 16 endemuri gvaria:<br />
Alboviodoxa, Woronowia, Chymsydia, Trigonocaryum, Symphyoloma, Pseudobetckea, Charesia,<br />
Mandenovai, Sredinskaya, Grossheimia, Cladocheta, Pseudovesicaria, Gadellia, Agasyllis,<br />
Paederotella, <strong>da</strong> Kemulariella.<br />
saqarTvelos floraSi saxeobTa mravalricxovnobiT Semdegi 10 ojaxi<br />
gamoirCeva: Compositae (538 saxeoba), Gramineae (332 saxeoba), Leguminosae (317 saxeoba),<br />
Rosacea (238), Cruciferae (183), Scrophulariacea (179), Umbeliferae (177), Labiatae (149),<br />
Caryophyllacea (135) <strong>da</strong> Liliacea (129).<br />
saqarTveloSi aRricxulia xavsebis 812 saxeoba.<br />
saqarTvelos Si<strong>da</strong> wlebSi aRwerilia wyalmcenareTa 2605 taqsoni, maTgan<br />
Chloropyta – 1039, Bacillariophyta – 830, Cyanophyta – 431, Euglenophyta – 161, Xanthophyta – 60,<br />
Pyrrophyta -35, Chrysophyta – 26, Rhodophyta 10, Charophyta – 13.<br />
saqarTveloSi aRicxulia liqenebis 800-ze meti <strong>da</strong> sokoebis 7000-mde saxeoba.<br />
Tumca es monacemi srulad ar asaxavs saqarTvelos wyalmcenareebis,<br />
liqenebisa <strong>da</strong> sokoebis mravalferovnebas.<br />
saqarTvelo mdi<strong>da</strong>ria ekonomikuri mniSvnelobis mqone mcenareebiT. saqarTvelos<br />
floris 2000-mde saxeobas gaaCnia pir<strong>da</strong>piri ekonomikuri Rirebuleba,<br />
gamoiyeneba ra merqnad, saTbobad, sakvebad (xili, Txili), safuraJed <strong>da</strong><br />
cxovelTa sakvebad, samkurnalod, saRebrebad <strong>da</strong> eTer-zeTebis misaRebad.<br />
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia kulturuli jiSebis (gansakuTrebiT xorblebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> parkosnebis) mravali adgilobrivi variacia <strong>da</strong> veluri naTesavi. Zalian<br />
mdi<strong>da</strong>ria, agreTve, saqarTvelos kulturuli flora. saqarTvelo aris<br />
kulturul mcenareTa warmoSobis <strong>da</strong>savleT aziis centris nawili, romelic<br />
miCneulia qeris, xorblis, parkosnebis, vazisa <strong>da</strong> xilis mravali jiSis<br />
warmoSobis centrad. saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droi<strong>da</strong>n moyavT marcvlovnebis
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