ruka 1. saqarTvelos geologiuri ruka - momxmarebeli.ge
ruka 1. saqarTvelos geologiuri ruka - momxmarebeli.ge
ruka 1. saqarTvelos geologiuri ruka - momxmarebeli.ge
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Tavi 13. mineraluri resursebi<br />
reziume<br />
saqarTvelo mdidaria mineraluri resursebiT. Tumca maTi<br />
mopoveba, saTanado regulirebisa da kontrolis gareSe garemosTvis<br />
didi zianis momtani SeiZleba iyos. gansakuTrebiT es exeba liTonebis<br />
mopovebas. am obieqtebze aucilebelia ara marto garemosdacviTi<br />
kontrolis gamkacreba, aramed garemos sareabilitacio RonisZiebebis<br />
Catareba. gansakuTrebiT WiaTuraSi, kazreTSi, luxunze, canaze sadac<br />
garemos dabinZureba wlebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda.<br />
<strong>1.</strong> Sesavali<br />
mineraluri resursebi qveynis ekonomikis sayrdenia. aqve aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom samTo-mopovebas erT-erTi wamyvani adgili uWiravs garemoze mavne<br />
zemoqmedebis SesaZleblobis TvalsazrisiT da amdenad, saTanado<br />
garemosdacviTi regulirebis gareSe mineraluri resursebis mopoveba<br />
SeiZleba didi zianis momtani iyos garemosTvis.<br />
saxelmwifo regulireba. saqarTveloSi yvela saxis mineraluri resursi<br />
saxelmwifos sakuTrebas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. maT damuSavebas specialuri<br />
nebarTva – sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenzia esaWiroeba,<br />
romelsac saxelmwifo auqcionis wesiT, mineraluri resursis saxisa da<br />
masze moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT sxvadasxva vadiT gascems.<br />
licenziasTan erTad wiaRiT mosar<strong>ge</strong>ble droebiT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobaSi iRebs<br />
miwis farTs _ miwis minakuTvnis saxiT, romelic aucilebelia resursis<br />
mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobisaTvis. wiaRiseulis mopovebis<br />
dasrulebis Semdeg igi valdebulia ganaxorcielos am teritoriis<br />
rekultivacia da ise daubrunos saxelmwifos.<br />
mineraluri resursebis mopovebis periodSi licenzianti valdebulia<br />
daicvas garemos dacvis saTanado wesebi. isini dReisaTvis dad<strong>ge</strong>nilia<br />
mxolod sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebisas atmosferuli haeris<br />
dacvisTvis.<br />
2. arsebuli mdgomareoba<br />
mineraluri resursebis maragi<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>ge</strong>ologiur Taviseburebas gansazRvravs misi mdebareoba<br />
evraziul da afro-arabul filaTa Sesayarze. teritoria<br />
araerTgvarovania Tavisi a<strong>ge</strong>bulebiTa da <strong><strong>ge</strong>ologiuri</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
istoriiT (<strong>ruka</strong> <strong>1.</strong>), rac ganapirobebs wiaRiseuli sabadoebis<br />
mravalferovnebas. <strong><strong>ge</strong>ologiuri</strong> procesebis intensivoba, maTi<br />
ganviTarebis areali da masStabi gansazRvravs sabadoebis sididesa da,<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi, maT xarisxs. mineraluri resursebis didi sabadoebi<br />
saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili ar aris. aq mineraluri resursebi ZiriTadad<br />
saSualo da mcire zomis sabadoebsa da gamovlinebebSia ganawilebuli.<br />
<strong>ruka</strong> <strong>1.</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong><strong>ge</strong>ologiuri</strong> <strong>ruka</strong>
mineraluri resursebis sabadoebis Seswavlis safuZvelze xdeba am<br />
sabadoebSi arsebuli resursis maragis Sefaseba _ daTvla/gadaTvla.<br />
yvela saxis mineraluri resursis maragis daTvlisaTvis mopovebuli<br />
<strong><strong>ge</strong>ologiuri</strong> informaciis Semowmeba da mara<strong>ge</strong>bis damtkiceba xdeba<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosTan<br />
arsebul sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo uwyebaTaSoris<br />
komisiaze. komisiis daskvna mineraluri resursis maragis saxelmwifo<br />
balansze ayvanis erTaderTi safuZvelia. monacemebi damtkicebuli<br />
maragis Sesaxeb gadaecema wiaRis Sesaxeb informaciis erTian saxelmwifo<br />
fonds (<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis<br />
saministros ssip „garemos erovnul saa<strong>ge</strong>ntos~) mara<strong>ge</strong>bis mineralurresursul<br />
fondSi aRsaricxavad.<br />
amdenad, mineralur-resursuli fondi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns qveynis<br />
teritoriasa da mis ekonomikur zonaSi ganTavsebul im sabadoTa da<br />
maRaroTa erTobliobas, romelTaTvisac damtkicebulia saxelmwifo<br />
balansze ayvanili mara<strong>ge</strong>bi. es fondi aris resursuli bazis nawili,<br />
romlic Tavisi ekonomikuri da samrewvelo maCveneblebiT SeiZleba<br />
CaerTos sabazro urTierTobebSi.<br />
dRevandeli mdgomareobiT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> myari mineraluri<br />
resursebis fondi moicavs 552 sabados. maTgan mopovebisa da<br />
gadamuSavebis procesSi garemosaTvis potenciurad meti zianis miyeneba<br />
SeuZliaT LliTonebs, xolo myari mineraluri resursebis sxva saxeebi<br />
SedarebiT inertulia (cxr. 1; diagr. 1) da Sesabamisad naklebi zianis<br />
momtani.<br />
cxrili <strong>1.</strong> mineraluri resursebis fondSi ricxuli sabadoebi<br />
# mineraluri<br />
resursis saxeoba<br />
raodenoba ganzomile<br />
ba<br />
maragi<br />
damtkicebuli<br />
1 liTonebi (Savi,<br />
52 aTasi t 419965,00<br />
feradi,<br />
keTilSobili,<br />
iSviaTi)<br />
myari sawvavi<br />
resursebi<br />
2 naxSiri 3 aTasi t 373 934,00<br />
3 torfi 5 aTasi t 47 644,00<br />
mosapirkeTebeli<br />
qvebi<br />
107<br />
4 gabro aTasi m 3 7 224,00<br />
5 gabro-dioriti aTasi m 3 5 972,00<br />
6 sieniti aTasi m 3 660,00<br />
7 graniti aTasi m 3 5400,00<br />
8 tufobreqCia aTasi m 3 14 938,00<br />
9 daciti aTasi m 3 2 289,00<br />
10 teSeniti aTasi m 3 6 165,00<br />
11 diabazi aTasi m 3 10 741,00<br />
12 bazalti aTasi m 3 45 051,60<br />
13 doleriti aTasi m 3 19 579,00
14 marmarilo aTasi m 3 4 259,00<br />
15 marmarilosebri<br />
kirqva aTasi m 3 78 026,00<br />
qimiuri<br />
mrewvelobis<br />
nedleuli 44<br />
16 bariti aTasi t 4 731,00<br />
mJavagamZle<br />
andeziti aTasi t 12 717,00<br />
17 mirabiliti aTasi m 3 1493,00<br />
18 bentoniti aTasi t 6 418,00<br />
19 mineraluri<br />
pigmenti aTasi t 437,00<br />
20 talki aTasi t 2 774,00<br />
21 kalciti aTasi t 27 211,00<br />
22 diatomiti aTasi m 3 7 995,00<br />
samSeneblo<br />
masalebi 312<br />
23 RorRi aTasi m 3 459 221,00<br />
24 qviSa-xreSi aTasi m 3 658 487,00<br />
25 saagure Tixebi aTasi m 3 135 207,00<br />
26 carci aTasi m 3 3 962,00<br />
27 sakire kirqvebi aTasi t 292 173,00<br />
28 TabaSiri aTasi t 20 342,00<br />
29 sacemente Tixebi aTasi m 3 64 070,00<br />
30 sacemente kirqvebi aTasi t 392 014,00<br />
31 gaji aTasi m 3 14 917,00<br />
32 saxuravi fiqlebi aTasi m 3 11 796,00<br />
33 msubuqi<br />
Semavseblebi<br />
aTasi m 3 220 323,00<br />
34 sakedle qvebi aTasi m 3 4 898,00<br />
35 kvarcis qviSa aTasi m 3 168 804,00<br />
36 perliti aTasi m 3 13 500,00<br />
damxmare nedleuli 10<br />
metalurgiisaTvis<br />
37 dolomiti aTasi t 44 904,00<br />
38 cecxlgamZle Tixa aTasi m 3 91 636,00<br />
39 sayalibe qviSa aTasi m 3 2 300,00<br />
40 spongoliTi aTasi m 3 19 57,008<br />
41 safluse kirqva aTasi t 1 700,00<br />
samrewvelo<br />
masalebis<br />
mara<strong>ge</strong>bi<br />
42 Camosasxmelo<br />
bazalti 2 aTasi m 3 9 892,00<br />
43 loTografiuli qva 1 aTasi m 3 120,00<br />
44 sanakeTo qvebi 3 t 919,80<br />
nedleuli soflis 9<br />
meurneobisaTvis<br />
45 torfi aTasi t 41 880,00
46 ceoliTi aTasi t 30 381,00<br />
47 Tixiani TabaSiri aTasi t 3 460,00<br />
nedleuli<br />
9<br />
keramikis<br />
warmoebisaTvis<br />
48 keramikuli Tixa aTasi m 3 2 504,00<br />
49 traqiti aTasi m 3 945,00<br />
50 Tixiani TabaSiri aTasi t 2 232,00<br />
Savi liTonebi. saqarTvelo ar ganekuTvneba msoflios rkinis Semcvel<br />
ZiriTad auzebs. miuxedavad amisa, rkinis prognozuli resursebi da rkinis 4<br />
ZiriTadi sabado (foladauris, Zamis, tyibuli-Saoris da sufsa-natanebis)<br />
sakmaod mniSvnelovania (diagr. 1, <strong>ruka</strong> 2). tradiciul sabadoebTan erTad<br />
saqarTveloSi gvaqvs mdidari zRviuri magnetit-titanomagnetituri<br />
qviSrobebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan dagrovebebs qmnian md. sufsisa da md.<br />
natanebis deltebSi. dReisaTvis rkinis sabadoebi ar muSavdeba, magram maTi<br />
Seswavla grZeldeba da damuSavebis procesis dawyeba uaxloesi momavlis<br />
saqmea.<br />
<strong>ruka</strong> 2. liTonebis gavrceleba saqarTveloSi.<br />
vercxli<br />
rkina<br />
vercxliswyali<br />
bismuti<br />
alumini<br />
manganumi<br />
spilenZi<br />
TuTia<br />
tyvia<br />
surma<br />
dariSxani<br />
kadmiumi<br />
teluri<br />
seleni<br />
indiumi<br />
oqro<br />
kobalti<br />
volframi<br />
diagrama <strong>1.</strong> liTonebisa da iSviaTi elementebis mara<strong>ge</strong>bi<br />
saqarTveloSi.
me-19 saukunis bolodan 1 saqarTveloSi daiwyo manganumis mopoveba da<br />
is iTvleba msoflios erT-erT ZiriTad manganummatarebel provinciad<br />
(cxr. 2; <strong>ruka</strong> 2.).<br />
cxrili 2. manganumis sabadoebi, maTi mara<strong>ge</strong>bi da mopoveba<br />
raioni sabado maragi<br />
aTasi t<br />
muSavdeba Tu<br />
ara<br />
WiaTuris WiaTura 201921 muSavdeba<br />
r-ni<br />
Terjolis CxariajameTi<br />
5000 muSavdeba<br />
r-ni<br />
zestafonis yvirilis 15460 ar muSavdeba<br />
r-ni depresia<br />
(ubani<br />
rodinauli)<br />
onis r-ni Sqmeri 1576 ar muSavdeba<br />
<strong>ruka</strong> 3. keTilSobili, feradi da msubuqi liTonuri mineraluri<br />
resursebis gavrceleba saqarTveloSi.<br />
iSviaTi liTonebi da elementebi. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> iSviaTi liTonebi<br />
Tavmoyrilia kavkasionis mTavari qedis dariSxanis, vercxliswylis,<br />
volframisa da molibdenis mcire sabadoebze.<br />
oqro-dariSxanis, dariSxanisa da oqro-stibiumis sabadoebs<br />
saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba aqvT. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia luxunis oqrodariSxanis<br />
stratiformuli da canas arsenopirituli sabadoebi. garemos<br />
dabinZurebis TvalsazrisiT es sabadoebi gansakuTrebiT saSiSia. maTi<br />
gaumarTavi mopovebisa da gadamuSavebisas adamianebisa da cocxali<br />
organizmebis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreba (cx. 3; <strong>ruka</strong> 3). gasuli<br />
saukunis 90-ian wlebamde raWis (uravi) da svaneTi (canas) samTo- qimiuri<br />
qarxnebi awarmoebdnen maRali sisufTavis dariSxans, gankuTvnils<br />
naxevargamtaruli sistemebisaTvis da 16 dasaxelebis sxvadasxva<br />
dariSxanSemcvel preparats. dariSxanisa da misi naerTebis miRebis<br />
mizniT koncentrats wvavdnen specialur RumelSi. Sedegad sahaero<br />
sivrce da Sesabamisi teritoria 20 km-is radiusze sistematurad<br />
binZurdeboda dariSxanis sulfiduri formebis gamowvis Sedegad<br />
gamonabolqvi gazebisagan, romelic garda gogirdis dioqsidisa dasaSveb<br />
normaze meti raodenobiT Seicavda wvis sxva produqtebsac, maT Soris<br />
“TeTr dariSxans”. raWa da svaneTi ekologiuri katastrofis safrTxis<br />
winaSe aRmoCnda. dReisaTvis es warmoebebi gaCerebulia, magram arsebuli<br />
monacemebiT (iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
zusti da sabunebismetyvelo fakultetis zogadi, araorganuli da<br />
metalorganuli qimiis mimarTulebiT mimdinare samecniero kvlevebi) aq<br />
sasoflo sameurneo savargulebis niadagSi dariSxanis Semcveloba<br />
saerTo fonTan SedarebiT gazrdilia 20-30 jer, moimata pirutyvisa da<br />
adamianebis onkologiuri daavadebebis ricxvma. md. madnis Relis (md.<br />
1 roca didi qarTveli poetis akaki wereTlis ZalisxmeviT aRmoaCines WiaTuris<br />
manganumis sabado.
luxunis wylis) xeobis da misi mimdebare teritoriis anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuli<br />
dabinZurebiT sxnis raWis mosaxleoba futkris ojaxTa ricxvis<br />
katastroful Semcirebas da im faqts, rom aq mercxlebi aRar mofrinaven<br />
da aRarc budoben.<br />
rogorc gamonabolqvi gazebi, ise warmoebis narCenebi e.w. “kudebi”<br />
warnoad<strong>ge</strong>nen warmoebis mimdebare teritoriis antropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri<br />
gabinZurebis safuZvels. warmoebis narCenebis utilizacia ekonomikuri da<br />
ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT mTels msoflioSi metad aqtualuria. am<br />
etapze aucilebelia garemoze zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis<br />
SemuSaveba, risTvisac v<strong>ge</strong>gmavT gadaudebeli kvlevebis Catardebas.<br />
cxrili 3: dariSxani da misi Tanmxlebi liTonebi<br />
raioni sabado ganzomileba maragi muSavdeba Tu<br />
ara<br />
amrolauris luxuni aTasi t. 8,7 aRar muSavdeba<br />
r-ni<br />
0,9<br />
lentexis r- cana aTasi t. 30,225<br />
ni<br />
19,987<br />
aRar muSavdeba<br />
lentexis r- Woroxi aTasi t.<br />
ni<br />
1,85/2,63 ar muSavdeba<br />
qimiuri, agroqimiuri, keramikuli, naxevradZvirfasi da sanakeTobo<br />
qvebis, inertuli, metalurgiuli da samSeneblo masalebis resursebis<br />
mopoveba-gadamuSaveba nakleb zians ayenebs garemos da swori<br />
eqspluataciis pirobebSi safrTxes ar uqmnis adamianebis sicocxles,<br />
Tumca warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns garemos damabinZurebels. am mimarTulebiT<br />
gansamtkicebelia sakanonmdeblo baza, damatebiT SesamuSavebelia<br />
normatiuli aqtebi, romlebic daad<strong>ge</strong>nen samTo-mopovebiTi samuSaoebis<br />
dros haerSi, wyalSi (maT Soris miwisqveSa wylebSi) da niadagSi mavne<br />
nivTierebebis emisiebis normebs. es saSualebas mogvcems warmoebis<br />
procesebi vareguliroT ise, rom, Tavidan aviciloT garemos dabinZureba.<br />
<strong>ruka</strong> 4. araliTonuri mineraluri resursebis gavrceleba saqarTveloSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone sabadoTa rigs<br />
ganekuTvneba: liTonTa sabadoebidan – WiaTuris manganumisa da<br />
madneulis (bolnisis madniani raionis) sabadoebi. amave rangis<br />
sabadoebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos aramadniani sabadoebidan<br />
ceoliTSemcveli (Zegvi, TeZami, axalcixe da sxva) sabadoebi da<br />
samSeneblo-mosapirkeTebeli masalebi.<br />
mineraluri resursebis mopovebis zemoqmedeba garemoze<br />
qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia mineraluri<br />
resursebis mopoveba da damuSaveba-gadamuSaveba, Tumca am procesebs Tan<br />
axlavs garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba _ miwis safaris dazianeba da<br />
TviTmyofadi landSaftebisa da ekosistemebis moSla; wylisa da haeris<br />
dabinZureba. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia garemoze zemoqmedeba<br />
mineraluri resursebis Ria karieruli wesiT mopovebisas. am dros<br />
adgili aqvs mimdebare teritoriebis dabinZurebas nayari masalebiT,<br />
niada<strong>ge</strong>bis mospobas an dazianebas, xSirad tyis safaris gaCexvas.
samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi momuSave samTo-<strong><strong>ge</strong>ologiuri</strong> kompaniebi xSirad<br />
iyeneben moZvelebul da gaumarTav teqnologiebs, riTac mniSvnelovan<br />
zians ayeneben garemos. axali teqnologiebis danergva did<br />
kapitaldabandebasTanaa dakavSirebuli da saxelmwifo ar ereva<br />
licenziantis menejmentis sferoSi, Tumca is gascems garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis nebarTvas, iTanxmebs sabados damuSavebis da garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis Sefasebis proeqtebs, xolo sabados mopovebis procesSi<br />
axorcielebs kontrols garemos dabinZurebaze. licenziiT gansazRvruli<br />
pirobebis darRvebisas licenziants ekisreba administraciuli da<br />
samoqalaqo pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>bloba.<br />
saqarTveloSi amJamad moqmedi samTo-mompovebeli sawarmoebidan<br />
garemos erT-erTi Zlieri damabinZurebelia manganumis mopoveba.<br />
dReisaTvis gacemuli licenziis pirobebis mixedviT, WiaTuris<br />
manganumis sabadodan 2008-2011 ww. unda moipovon 1600000 t. liToni,<br />
momdevno wlebSi _ 40 000 t., minimaluri mopoveba _ 200 000 t. CxariajameTis<br />
sabadoze licenzia gacemulia 27 wlis vadiT, jamuri mopovebaa<br />
20 000 t.<br />
marganecis mopovebas Tan axlavs md. yvirilas dabinZureba Mn-is<br />
ionebiT. q. WiaTuris SesasvlelTan, mdinaris wyalSi misi Semcveloba 3,9<br />
mg/l-ia, maSin roca zdk aris 0,1 mg/l (garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi<br />
resursebis saministros ssip “garemos erovnuli saa<strong>ge</strong>nto”-s mier<br />
Catarebuli md. rionis auzis dabinZurebis 2009w. ianvris monitoringis<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi). mopovebis adgilidan dawyebuli mdinaris qvemo weli da misi<br />
momijnave miwebi mTlianad dabinZurebulia im niSnulamde, sadac<br />
ganzaveba xdeba. sawarmoo dabinZurebas aZlierebs is garemoebac, rom<br />
mdinere Tavis mxriv recxavs madnian horizontebs da masSi TavisTavad<br />
momatebulia Mn-is ionebis Semcveloba. dabinZurebul monakveTze<br />
seriozuli saSiSroeba emuqreba mdinareSi mobinadre cocxal<br />
organizmebsa da miwisqveSa wylebs, romlebic xSirad zedapirul<br />
wylebTanaa kontaqtSi. arsebuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare damyardeba<br />
mkacri kontroli md. yvirilas sisufTavis mdgomareobaze.<br />
garemosTvis didi zianis momtania, agreTve, bolnisis jgufis<br />
polimetaluri sabadoebis madnebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
saqmianoba. madneulis eqspluataciaSi myofi oqro-spilenZ-baritpolimetaluri<br />
sabados kompleqsuri damuSaveba (bolnisis r.-ni)<br />
gacemulia 20 wlis vadiT. aq madnis mopoveba Ria karieruli wesiT xdeba.<br />
karieris damuSavebis siRrmem 300 metrs miaRwia (karieris fskeris<br />
absoluturi simaRle daeSva 830m. niSnulamde, xolo pirveli zeda<br />
safexuris absoluturi simaRle Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 1130 m). karierze burRvaafeTqebiTi<br />
samuSaoebi warmoebs, rac haeris dabinZurebas iwvevs. amas<br />
emateba karieris terasebze da karierze misasvlel gzebze,<br />
avtoTviTmclelebis aqtiuri ormxrivi moZraoba. yovelive amis Sedegad<br />
mniSvnelovani xdeba haerSi mavne emisiebi. dabinZurebuli haeridan mavne<br />
nivTierebebis gadatana da daleqva emisiis centridan did manZilze<br />
xdeba, gansakuTrebiT _ wvrili, wminda fraqciebis. karieris<br />
eqspluataciis Sedegad warmoqmnili mtveri da afeTqebis Sedegad<br />
gamoyofili airebi ar ganekuTvneba garemos Zlier damabinZurebelTa<br />
jgufs, magram atmosferuli naleqebis zegavleniT gamotutuli mZime<br />
liTonebis garemoSi moxvedra seriozul zians ayenebs niadagsa da<br />
gruntis wylebs. gafrqvevis wyaroebze zdg-is normebis Sesrulebaze
kontrolis <strong>ge</strong>gma-grafiki da perioduloba saWiroa SeTanxmebul iqnas<br />
garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosTan.<br />
mopovebiTi samuSaoebis garda, garemoze mniSvnelovan gavlenas<br />
axdens nedleulis gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli procesebi, rac aisaxa<br />
md. kazreTulas mdgomareobaze. es dabinZureba istoriul xasiaTs<br />
atarebs. sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegad ZiriTadad dabinZurebulia md.<br />
kazreTula, nawilobriv ki md. maSavera. orive mdinare miekuTvneba<br />
sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo wyalsar<strong>ge</strong>blobis obieqtebs. mdinareebis<br />
wylis xarisxze perioduli dakvirvebebi Catarebulia<br />
hidrimeteorologiis samsaxuris monitoringis centris da garemosdacviT<br />
sferoSi momuSave sxvadasxva kompetenturi organizaciebis mier. maTi<br />
daskvniT, md. kazreTulas monakveTSi (karieris naJuri wylebis<br />
Cadinebidan – md. maSaveras SesarTavamde) TiTqmis ar aris araviTari<br />
piroba imisa, rom masSi arsebobdes raime cocxali organizmebi. rac<br />
Seexeba md. maSaveras, mis wyalSi damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa maRali<br />
koncentraciebi, rogorc wesi, ar iyo registrirebuli. aRiniSneba md.<br />
kazreTulas Zlieri dabinZureba mZime liTonebis ionebiT. md. maSaveraSi<br />
ki, romelsac TviTgawmendisa da ganzavebis maRali SesaZleblobebi aqvs,<br />
dafiqsirebulia zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebis gadaWarbeba<br />
mxolod calkeul SemTxvevebSi (ZiriTadad im periodSi, rodesac<br />
mamdidrebeli fabrika ar muSaobda).<br />
mZime liTonebis ionebiT (ZiriTadad Cu, Zn, Fe, SO 4 ) istoriuli<br />
dabinZurebis adgilia fuWi qanis sanayaros da gamosatuti grovebis<br />
ganTavsebis teritoria. aq miwa gamousadegaria soflis meurneobisaTvis.<br />
2006 wlis noebridan JSC “Madneul”-Si funqcionirebs Sromis<br />
usafrTxoebis, janmrTelobis dacvisa da ekologiis samsaxuri, romlis<br />
mimarTulebaa sawarmos teritoriaze arsebuli istoriuli dabinZurebis<br />
aRmofxvra da garemoze SesaZlo mavne zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli<br />
RonisZiebebis gatareba. am mimarTulebiT sawarmo aqtiurad<br />
TanamSromlobs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis<br />
saministrosTan.<br />
mniSvnelovan safrTxes Seicavs sabadoebi da maRaroebi, romlebzec<br />
droebiT SeCerebulia sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis samuSaoebi.<br />
aseTi obieqtebi dakonservebulia, magram rCeba didi albaToba imisa, rom<br />
maTgan moxdes garemos damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis gatana, magaliTad,<br />
miwisqveSa wylebiT. es garemoeba gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas iwvevs maSin,<br />
roca saqme exeba vercxliswyals, dariSxansa da sxva Zlier momwamlavi<br />
nivTierebebis gatanas sabados an samTo gamonamuSevris konservaciis<br />
adgilidan. luxunis sabadoze dariSxanis mopovebis licenzia gacemulia<br />
25 wlis vadiT, dariSxanis jamuri mopoveba, licenziis pirobebis<br />
Sesabamisad, 9534 tonaa. dReisaTvis luxunisa da canas dariSxanis<br />
sabadoebze samuSaoebi droebiT SeCerebulia (cxr. 3). mopovebiTi<br />
samuSaoebis ganaxlebamde gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqceva<br />
sawarmosaTvis garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gacemas da garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis Sefasebis proeqtis ganxilvas, radgan garemos<br />
damabinZurebelia ara madani, romelic TavisTavad neitraluria, aramed<br />
misgan miRebuli produqtebi.<br />
mniSvnelovan safrTxeebs Seicavs <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTavrobis mier<br />
ukontrolo teritoriebze darCenili sabadoebi da maRaroebi: qvaisis<br />
tyvia-TuTiis sabado _ samxreT oseTis teritoriaze; tyvarCelis<br />
qvanaxSiri sabado, axeisa da avadxaras vercxliswylis sabadoebi -
afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze. maT mdgomareobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT informacia ar mogvepoveba.<br />
yoveli sabados `sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba~<br />
ganisazRvreba misi maragis odenobiTa da sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis<br />
mopovebis licenziis gacemisas gansazRvruli wiaRiseulis yovelwliuri<br />
mopovebis raodenobis pirobiT. garda amisa, mniSvnelovania Tavad<br />
sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis licenziis moqmedebis vadebi wiaRiT<br />
sar<strong>ge</strong>blobis saxeebis mixedviT (saqarTveloSi sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis<br />
mopovebis licenziebi gacemulia 2-5 w.-dan 20-45 w.-is vadiT) da TviT<br />
resursis saxeoba. kerZod, liTonebis, myari sawvavi resursebis<br />
Seswavlasa da mopovebas gacilebiT meti dro sWirdeba, vidre<br />
samSeneblo masalebisaTvis saWiro nedleuls. Sesabamisad, dro da<br />
masStabebi, romlis farglebSic mineraluri resursebis mopovebis<br />
Sedegad garemos ziani ad<strong>ge</strong>ba, gansxvavebulia.<br />
3. ZiriTadi gamowvevebi<br />
mineraluri resursebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi problemebia haeris, wylisa da miwis dabinZureba,<br />
mewyerebis gaaqtiureba da tyis safaris gaCexva. dReisaTvis aseTi<br />
zemoqmedebis kontrolis da minimalizaciis meqanizmi garemos dacvis<br />
inspeqciis saqmianobaa, romelic axorcielebs saxelmwifo kontrols<br />
garemos dacvis sferoSi. masve evaleba garemos dabinZurebis faqtebis<br />
gamovlena da aRkveTa, aseve _ sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis mopovebis<br />
licenziebis pirobebis Sesrulebis kontroli. sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo wiaRiseulis<br />
mopovebis samuSaoebis specifikidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia samTo<strong><strong>ge</strong>ologiuri</strong><br />
saqmianobiT gamowveuli garemos dabinZurebis ara marto<br />
kontroli aramed misi monitoringic. aq gasaTvaliswinebelia is<br />
garemoeba, rom myari mineraluri resursis TiToeul saxes aqvs<br />
mopovebisa da gadamuSavebis misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba da<br />
garemosdacviTi problemebic gansxvavebulia TiToeuli maTganisaTvis.<br />
arsebuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, samTo-mopovebiT saqmianobis<br />
monitoringi ar unda Semoifarglebodes mxolod regulirebis obieqtis<br />
(konkretuli samTo minakuTvnis farTobis) da misi calkeuli nawilis,<br />
magaliTad, samTo-mopovebiTi warmoebis axlos arsebuli mdinaris<br />
xarisxis kontroliT, aramed mdinareebis Senakadebis, miwisa da haeris<br />
xarisxi unda mowmdebodes obieqtis sakontrolo wertilebis gareTac.<br />
garda samTo-<strong>ge</strong>ologiur saqmianobis monitoringis dawesebisa,<br />
aucilebelia sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Catareba im obieqtebze,<br />
romlebzec niadagis, haerisa da miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis faqtebia<br />
dafiqsirebuli, maT Soris _ WiaTuraSi, kazreTSi, luxunze, canaze.<br />
garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebis prevenciisTvis aucilebelia garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebis riskebis Sefasebis angariSi (gzrS) keTdebodes im<br />
obieqtebze, romlebic jer kidev Seswavlis stadiazea da sadac<br />
mopovebiTi samuSaoebi ar dawyebula. es saSualebas mogvcems sabados<br />
aTvisebamde ganvsazRvroT garemoze SesaZlo mavne zemoqmedeba da<br />
winaswar davsaxoT maTi likvidaciis RonisZiebebi. am tipis riskebis<br />
Sefaseba mniSvnelovania ara marto qveynis kontinentur nawilSi<br />
mimdinare mopovebiT samuSaoebTan dakavSirebiT, aramed Savi zRvis
Selfze mineraluri resursebis Seswavla-mopovebiT samuSaoebTan<br />
mimarTebaSic, rac bolo dros sagrZnoblad gaaqtiurebulia.<br />
amdenad dReisaTvis pirveli rigis amocanaa samTo-mompovebelma<br />
kompaniebma TavianTi saqmianobis sferoSi mkacrad daicvan garemo<br />
dabinZurebisagan - SeZlebisdagvarad uzrunvelyon Tanamedrove<br />
teqnologiebisa da warmoebis sqemebis danergva, rac minimumande daiyvans<br />
garemoze mavne zemoqmedebas; Seswavlis stadiaSi myofi sabadoebisaTvis<br />
SeimuSavon garemoze zemoqmedebis riskebis Sefasebis angariSi (gzrS)<br />
xolo <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis<br />
saministrom Tavis mxriv xeli Seuwyos Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis<br />
srulyofas, Seqmnas Sesabamis samTo-<strong><strong>ge</strong>ologiuri</strong> saqmianobis<br />
monitoringis (<strong>ge</strong>omonitoringis) samsaxuri da gaamkacros kontroli<br />
garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvebis gacemaze, garemoze zemoqmedebis<br />
Sefasebis (gzS) da garemoze zemoqmedebis riskebis Sefasebis (gzrS)<br />
angariSebze. istoriuli dabinZurebis mqone obieqtebze <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro Caatarebs kvlebebs,<br />
raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes garemos dabinZurebis Serbileba da<br />
SesaZleblobisamebr aRmofxvra, risTvisac saministro iTanamSromlebs<br />
yvela dainteresebul sawarmosa da organizaciasTan.
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