saqarTveloSi 41 didi zomis bavSvTa saxlidan mxolod ... - Unicef.ge
saqarTveloSi 41 didi zomis bavSvTa saxlidan mxolod ... - Unicef.ge
saqarTveloSi 41 didi zomis bavSvTa saxlidan mxolod ... - Unicef.ge
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ნოემბერი 2012<br />
ბავშვზე ზრუნვის სისტემის რეფორმა საქართველოში<br />
განახლებული მონაცემები ბავშვთა დიდი სამზრუნველო<br />
დაწესებულებების გაუქმებისას მიღწეული პროგრესის შესახებ<br />
ojaxur mzrunvelobas<br />
moklebuli bavSvebi<br />
© iunisefi/saq-2010/piroci<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>41</strong> <strong>didi</strong><br />
<strong>zomis</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>saxlidan</strong><br />
<strong>mxolod</strong> xuTi darCa<br />
2005 wlidan saqarTvelos mTavrobam warmoud<strong>ge</strong>nel progress<br />
miaRwia bavSvze zrunvis sistemis reformis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
reforma iTvaliswinebda <strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong> samzrunvelo<br />
dawesebulebebis gauqmebas da yvela bavSvisaTvis mzrunvel<br />
ojaxur garemoSi aRzrdis SesaZleblobas.<br />
2008 - 2011 ww. <strong>bavSvTa</strong> erovnuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis Tanaxmad,<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobam daiwyo qveyanaSi <strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong><br />
samzrunvelo dawesebulebebis daxurva. Semdeg SemuSavda da<br />
ganxorcielda konkretuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma 2011-2012 wlebisaTvis.<br />
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi tardeba sistemis yvela doneze da<br />
qveynis masStabiT xorcieldeba <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong> samzrunvelo<br />
dawesebulebebSi moxvedris prevenciis axali politika.<br />
aRniSnuli politika iTvaliswinebs bavSvis ganTavsebas samzrunvelo<br />
dawesebulebaSi <strong>mxolod</strong> gardauvali mizezebis gamo.<br />
zemoT aRniSnuli procesis xelSewyobisa da monitoringisaTvis<br />
Seiqmna bavSvze zrunvis sistemis sakoordinacio sabWo<br />
Sesabamisi saministroebis, ZiriTadi donorebisa da arasam-<br />
Tavrobo organizaciebis monawileobiT. mTavrobis mtkice<br />
politikuri nebisa da gaeros <strong>bavSvTa</strong> fondis (iunisefis) da<br />
sxva monawile mxareebis finansuri da teqnikuri mxardaWeris<br />
Sedegad Seiqmna myari garantia imisa, rom reforma grZelvadian<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs uzrunvelyofs.<br />
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia mkafiod<br />
ganmartavs, rom bavSvis aRsazrdelad<br />
saukeTeso adgilia ojaxi. amasTanave,<br />
yvela bavSvs, romelsac uwevs ojaxTan<br />
ganSoreba, ufleba aqvs miiRos saTanado<br />
zrunva da dacva saxelmwifosagan.<br />
saqarTvelom sabWoTa sistemisagan memkvidreobiT<br />
miiRo <strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong><br />
saxlebi. iseve rogorc post-sabWoTa<br />
sivrcis sxva qveynebSi, <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>c<br />
am dawesebulebebSi moxvedril bavSvebs<br />
akliaT saTanado zrunva da yuradReba.<br />
saerTaSoriso masStabiT aRiarebulia,<br />
rom <strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong> dawesebulebebi zrunvis<br />
naklebad sasurveli da misaRebi<br />
formaa, radganac:<br />
• maTSi ar aris garantirebuli jandacvisa<br />
da ganaTlebis momsaxureba.<br />
• sam wlamde bavSvebi grZelvadiani<br />
travmis miRebis gansakuTrebuli<br />
riskis winaSe arian.<br />
• saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebSi<br />
gansakuTrebiT bevria SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvi da<br />
zrunvis xarisxi ar Seesabameba am<br />
bavSvebis saWiroebebs.<br />
• saerTaSoriso kvlevebi aCvenebs,<br />
rom saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebSi<br />
mcxovrebi bavSvebis did umravlesobas<br />
hyavs ojaxi – mwiri<br />
Semosavali da ZiriTadi momsaxurebebis<br />
xelmiuwvdomloba xSirad<br />
aris bavSvebis saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebSi<br />
moxvedris mizezi.<br />
• did saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebSi<br />
bavSvebze zrunva ufro Zviri<br />
ujdeba saxelmwifos, vidre am<br />
bavSvebis ojaxebSi cxovreba da<br />
mxar daWera.<br />
bavSvze zrunvis misaRebi alternatiuli<br />
formebia mcire saojaxo tipis<br />
saxlebi, mindobiT aRzrda da ojaxTan<br />
ganSorebis prevencia.<br />
iunisefi exmareba saxelmwifos Seqmnas<br />
mwyobri socialuri samsaxurebi,<br />
romlebic Caanacvlebs saaRmzrdelo<br />
dawesebulebebis sistemas da uzrunvelyofs<br />
alternatiuli zrunvis sa-<br />
Sualebebs bavSvebisTvis, romelnic<br />
arasaTanado mopyrobis, Zaladobis da<br />
mitovebis riskis winaSe arian.
ბავშვზე ზრუნვის სისტემის რეფორმა საქართველოში<br />
bavSvze zrunvis reformis<br />
ZiriTadi miznebi<br />
1. yvela <strong>didi</strong> samzrunvelo dawesebulebis Tanmimdevruli<br />
da saboloo daxurva.<br />
2. daxuruli samzrunvelo dawesebulebebidan<br />
bavSvebis dabruneba sakuTar ojaxebSi, Tuki<br />
es bavSvis saukeTeso interesebSia da ojaxis<br />
daxmareba.<br />
3. bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic ver brundebian sakuTar<br />
ojaxebSi, ojaxis tipis mzrunvelobis<br />
formebis (mindobiT aRzrda da mcire saojaxo<br />
tipis saxli) Seqmna da gaZliereba.<br />
4. qveynis masStabiT socialuri muSakebis kvalifikaciis<br />
amaRleba, raTa maT SeZlon individualuri<br />
SemTxvevebis marTva da socialuri mu-<br />
Sakebis zedamxedvelobis meqanizmis SemuSaveba.<br />
5. bavSvze zrunvis politikis, kanonmdeblobis<br />
da biujetis reforma axladSeqmnili sistemis<br />
mxardasaWerad.<br />
sazogadoebis damokidebulebis Secvla<br />
da informirebulobis gazrda<br />
bavSvze zrunvis sistemis reformis warmatebisaTvis<br />
umniSvnelovanesi iyo advokatirebisa da sazogadoebis<br />
informirebis kampania. mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiTa<br />
da iunisefisa da sxva partniorebis mxardaWeriT<br />
daiwyo kampania „ojaxi yvela bavSvs,“ romlis<br />
mTavar mizans TiToeuli bavSvis ojaxur garemoSi<br />
aRzrdis mniSvnelobaze sazogadoebis informireba<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nda.<br />
reformis mTavari moqmedi piris, Sromis, janmrTelobisa<br />
da socialuri dacvis saministros aqtiurma<br />
monawileobam uzrunvelyo informaciis farTod<br />
gavrceleba media saSualebebis mier mTeli qveynis<br />
masStabiT. momzadda ramdenime dokumenturi filmi<br />
da sxvadasxva qalaqis quCebSi ganTavsda sareklamo<br />
banerebi. Catarda trenin<strong>ge</strong>bi da mrgvali magidis<br />
diskusiebi Jurnalistebis da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nelTa monawileobiT.<br />
miRwevebi momsaxurebis<br />
miwodebis sferoSi<br />
reformis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda<br />
mTavrobis mier bavSvze zrunvis momsaxurebis<br />
xarisxi.<br />
adre dRis centrebsa da <strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong> saxlebs<br />
marTavda da akompleqtebda saxelmwifo.<br />
axali sistemis mixedviT dRis centrebis da Sez-<br />
Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone <strong>bavSvTa</strong> ojaxebisaTvis<br />
adreuli Carevis centrebis da mcire saojaxo<br />
tipis saxlebis marTvis funqciebi gadaeca<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs.<br />
mindobiT aRzrda am etapze alternatiuli zrunvis<br />
yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli formaa qveyanaSi<br />
– mindobiT aRzrdaSi dResdReobiT 960 bavSvi<br />
imyofeba. qveynis masStabiT arsebobs 45 mcire<br />
saojaxo tipis saxli, sadac maqsimum 8-10 bavSvi<br />
cxovrobs. mcire saojaxo tipis saxli gamoiyeneba,<br />
rogorc zrunvis ukiduresi forma im bavSvebisaTvis,<br />
romlebsac verc sakuTar ojaxSi toveben da<br />
verc mindobiT aRzrdaSi aTavseben. <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>didi</strong><br />
<strong>zomis</strong> samzrunvelo dawesebulebebis TanamSromlebs<br />
saSualeba miecaT gaxdnen mimRebi mSoblebi<br />
mindobiT aRzrdaSi an imuSaon aRmzrdelebad axal<br />
mcire saojaxo tipis saxlebSi.<br />
reformis farglebSi iunisefi uzrunvelyofs<br />
mTavrobis CarTulobas yvela etapze da arasam-<br />
Tavrobo organizaciebis konkursis gziT SerCevasa<br />
da maT strategiul monawileobas aRniSnul procesebSi.<br />
SemuSavebulia momsaxurebis miwodebis<br />
minimaluri standartebi da Zlierdeba arasam-<br />
Tavrobo organizaciebis mier ganxorcielebuli<br />
saqmianobis regularuli monitoringi. mTavrobis<br />
mier miwodebuli momsaxurebebi xorcieldeba<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis meSveobiT, xolo<br />
mTavroba faravs mimdinare xarjebs.<br />
jamSi, evrokavSiris, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis<br />
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saa<strong>ge</strong>ntosa da iunisefis<br />
TanamSromlobis Sedegad, 15 milion aSS dolarze<br />
meti gamoiyo teqnikuri daxmarebisa da gardamavali<br />
periodis kritikuli xarjebisTvis.<br />
2
ბავშვზე ზრუნვის სისტემის რეფორმა საქართველოში<br />
bavSvebTan momuSave profesionalebis momzadeba<br />
© iunisefi/saq-2012/blagonravova<br />
© iunisefi/saq-2010/piroci<br />
am etapze reformis farglebSi dasaqmebulia specialurad<br />
momzadebuli 250 socialuri muSaki da<br />
maTi ricxvi kvlav izrdeba. bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
saxelmwifo socialuri muSakebis raodenoba<br />
25%-ze metiT gaizarda.<br />
uri samuSaos axali formebs. socialur muSakebisaTvis<br />
gaimarTa specialuri treningi am formebis gamoyenebis<br />
Sesaxeb. SemuSavda bavSvis ojaxTan ganSorebis<br />
prevenciis politikac, romelic mkafiod ganmartavs,<br />
ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdaSi<br />
an mcire saojaxo tipis saxlSi moTavseba da ra Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi ar SeiZleba. organizacia „pirvel nabijTan“<br />
da sxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT,<br />
socialur muSakebs, romlebic muSaoben Sez-<br />
Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone <strong>bavSvTa</strong> sakiTxebze,<br />
CautardaT specialuri trenin<strong>ge</strong>bi.<br />
bavSvze zrunvis sistemis reformis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi<br />
gaumjobesda socialuri momsaxurebis xarisxic. 2012<br />
wels Catarebuli trenin<strong>ge</strong>bis mizani iyo socialuri<br />
muSakebis efeqtianobis gazrda. saqarTvelos<br />
socialur muSakTa asociaciasTan TanamSromlobiT<br />
SemuSavda, ganaxlda da testireba Cautarda social<strong>mxolod</strong><br />
xuT weliwadSi reformam mniSvnelovan Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs<br />
miaRwia. dReisaTvis did samzrunvelo dawesebulebebSi<br />
mcxovreb <strong>bavSvTa</strong> raodenoba 4 000-dan 250-<br />
mde Semcirda. 2011-2012 wlebSi darCenili 28 dawesebulebidan<br />
kidev 20 daixura.<br />
<strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong> dawesebulebebis<br />
Canacvleba mzrunvelobis alternatiuli<br />
formebiT bolo xuTi wlis manZilze<br />
bolo 12 Tvis manZilze samzrunvelo dawesebulebebSi<br />
mcxovreb <strong>bavSvTa</strong> 33 procenti dabrunda ojax-<br />
Si, rodesac es maT saukeTeso interesebSi iyo. 2010<br />
wels mTavrobam gaaormaga Zalisxmeva da SemoiRo<br />
ojaxSi reintegraciis xelSewyobis paketi, romelic<br />
moicavs TveSi 50 aSS dolars TiToeul bavSvze im<br />
ojaxebisaTvis, romelTac daibrunes bavSvebi, janmr-<br />
Telobis dazRvevas bavSvisTvis da ufaso dRis centris<br />
momsaxurebas (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi).<br />
gafarTovda da gaZlierda mindobiT aRzrdis samsaxuric,<br />
xolo bavSvebi, romlebic verc ojaxSi<br />
daabrunes da verc mindobiT aRzrdaSi ganaTavses,<br />
gadaiyvanes 8-10 bavSvisaTvis gankuTvnil mcire saojaxo<br />
tipis saxlSi, romelic anacvlebs <strong>didi</strong> <strong>zomis</strong><br />
<strong>bavSvTa</strong> saxls. bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi mcire<br />
saojaxo tipis saxlebis raodenoba 15-dan 45-mde<br />
gaizarda da maTSi ganTavsda daaxloebiT 350 bavSvi.<br />
bavSvebis raodenoba<br />
4500<br />
4000<br />
3500<br />
3000<br />
2500<br />
2000<br />
1500<br />
1000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012<br />
marti<br />
მცირე საოჯახო<br />
ტიპის სახლი<br />
რეინტეგრაცია<br />
მინდობით აღზრდა<br />
დიდი ზომის<br />
ბავშვთა სახლი<br />
3
ბავშვზე ზრუნვის სისტემის რეფორმა საქართველოში<br />
inovacia<br />
© iunisefi/saq-2011/cxviraSvili<br />
reformis farglebSi Sromis, janmrTelobisa<br />
da socialuri dacvis ministris moadgilis<br />
iniciativiT Seiqmna inovaciuri programa „Cemi<br />
megobrebi“. programa akavSirebs <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
moqmed kerZo biznesebsa da korporaciebs axlad<br />
daarsebul mcire saojaxo tipis saxleb-<br />
Tan. damegobrebis Semdeg kerZo kompaniebis<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi Tavisufal dros atareben<br />
mozardebTan, exmarebian maT da asruleben mentoris<br />
funqcias.<br />
partnioroba<br />
iunisefi TanamSromlobs Sromis, janmrTelobisa<br />
da socialuri dacvis saministrosa da<br />
iseT donor da partnior organizaciebTan,<br />
rogoricaa evrokavSiri, amerikis SeerTebuli<br />
Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saa<strong>ge</strong>nto,<br />
poloneTis mTavroba, niderlandebis ana muncis<br />
fondi, iunisefis luqsemburgis nacionaluri<br />
komiteti. reformis partniorebi arian<br />
saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi, sazogadoebrivi da religiuri<br />
organizaciebi.<br />
gamowvevebi<br />
© iunisefi/saq-2011/amurvelaSvili<br />
© iunisefi/saq-2011/amurvelaSvili<br />
miuxedavad aSkara warmatebisa, kvlav rCeba<br />
mniSvnelovani gamowvevebi:<br />
• saWiro iqneba meti Zalisxmeva bavSvis ojax-<br />
Tan umizezo ganSorebis Tavidan asacileblad.<br />
• SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone <strong>bavSvTa</strong><br />
ori dawesebuleba da Cvil <strong>bavSvTa</strong> ori saxli<br />
saWiroebs specializebuli momsaxurebis<br />
gafarToebas da ufro mWidro kavSirs<br />
jandacvis sistemasTan.<br />
• unda Seiqmnas mindobiT aRmzrdelebis mxardamWeri<br />
samsaxurebi da mindobiT aRzrdis<br />
qseli.<br />
• quCaSi mcxovreb/momuSave bavSvebs gansakuTrebuli<br />
zrunva da daxmareba sWirdebaT.<br />
• ar arsebobs saxelmwifo mzrunvelobidan<br />
gasul <strong>bavSvTa</strong> daxmarebis meqanizmi. bavSvebi,<br />
romlebic 18 wlis xdebian da rogorc<br />
zrdasrulebi, toveben mindobiT aRzrdas<br />
an mcire saojaxo tipis saxls, kvlav saWiroeben<br />
daxmarebasa da zrunvas.<br />
damatebiTi informaciisaTvis mimarTeT:<br />
aaron grinbergi<br />
iunisefis <strong>bavSvTa</strong> dacvis programis xelmZRvaneli<br />
gaeros <strong>bavSvTa</strong> fondi <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
el-fosta: agreenberg@unicef.org<br />
www.unicef.<strong>ge</strong><br />
4
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