safrTxis winaSe myofi mcenareTa saxeobebiT vaWroba saqarTveloSi
safrTxis winaSe myofi mcenareTa saxeobebiT vaWroba saqarTveloSi
safrTxis winaSe myofi mcenareTa saxeobebiT vaWroba saqarTveloSi
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<strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> <strong>mcenareTa</strong> <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> <strong>vaWroba</strong><br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
Sesavali<br />
saqarTvelo Sedis dedamiwis biomravalferovnebis 25 cxeli wertilidan erT-erTis -<br />
kavkasiis SemadgenlobaSi. cxeli wertilebis gamoyofa xdeba mocemul teritoriaze<br />
arsebuli biomravalferovnebis mniSvnelobisa da masTan dakavSirebuli <strong>safrTxis</strong><br />
mixedviT. endemuri da reliqturi <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> mdidari saqarTvelos florisa da<br />
faunisaTvis Zlier safrTxes warmoadgens mcenareuli resursebis gadametebuli<br />
gamoyeneba, rac iwvevs saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Semcirebasa da ekosistemebis<br />
degradacias. pirvel rigSi es aris xe-tyis gadaWarbebuli mopoveba (rogorc<br />
ukanono, ise “kanonieri” gziT), rogorc industriuli (samSeneblo, aveji da sxv.),<br />
ise sawvavad gamoyenebis mizniT. mcenareuli resursebi aseve gamoiyeneba sakvebad,<br />
sasuqad, saZovrad, dekoratiuli da samkurnalo mizniT da sxv.<br />
gadaSenebis <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> mcenareuli saxeobebis ukanono mopoveba<br />
da <strong>vaWroba</strong> iyo da rCeba seriozul problemad <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>. xe-tyis ukanono<br />
biznesi TandaTan ufro da ufro met safrTxes uqmnis qveynis ekosistemebs. wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi rCeba mosagvarebeli iseTi problemebi, rogoricaa samkurnalo<br />
mcenareebiT <strong>vaWroba</strong>, calke problemad SeiZleba gamoiyos <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong><br />
veluri fauniTa da floriT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb, anu vaSingtonis<br />
konvenciis (CITES) danarTebSi Setanili <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> aralegaluri vaWrobis faqtebi.<br />
aRniSnuli problemis gamomwvevi mTavari mizezebi ki kanonmdeblobis xarvezebi da<br />
kanonis aRsrulebis meqanizmebis sisustea.
sarCevi<br />
Sesavali ............................................................................................................................1<br />
angariSis mizani da kvlevis sagani ...................................................................................3<br />
xe-tyis ukanono mopoveba da <strong>vaWroba</strong> <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> ..................................................4<br />
“wiTeli nusxisa da wiTeli wignis Sesaxeb”<br />
saqarTvelos kanonis moTxovnebis darRvevis faqti ...............................................12<br />
ukanono Wrebi kolxeTis erovnul parkSi .................................................................13<br />
samkurnalo mcenareebiT <strong>vaWroba</strong> ..............................................................................15<br />
<strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> veluri fauniTa da floriT<br />
saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciis moTxovnebis<br />
aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi ............................................................18
angariSis mizani da kvlevis sagani<br />
warmodgenili angariSis mizania <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> gadaSenebis <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong><br />
<strong>myofi</strong> saxeobebis dacvisaTvis xelisSemSleli pirobebis gamovlena da Sesabamisi<br />
rekomedaciebis warmodgena maT aRmosafxvrelad.<br />
Cveni kvlevisaTvis sakvanZo saxeobad avirCieT uTxovari Taxus baccata. am<br />
winamdebare angariSis miznebisaTvis aRniSnuli saxeobis kvleva saintereso<br />
aRmoCnda ramdenime mizezis gamo:<br />
• biomravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT maRali Rirebuleba da iSviaToba:<br />
es aris mesameuli reliqti, romelic mcire populaciebisa da erTeuli individebis<br />
saxiT aris SemorCenili <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />
• statusi:<br />
Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi, kategoriiT mowyvladi, rogorc saxeoba,<br />
romelsac mcire, fragmentirebuli areali gaaCnia.<br />
• gamoyenebis farTo speqtri:<br />
misi merqani Zalze Zvirad fasobs da gamoiyeneba avejisa da sxvadasxva nakeTobebis<br />
dasamzadeblad saxarato saqmeSi. gamoiyeneba dekoratiuli miznebisaTvis, rogorc<br />
cocxali mcenareebi (gamwvanebisaTvis), ise moWrili totebi da a.S. gamoiyeneba,<br />
samkurnalo miznebisTvis (wiwvebi gamoiyeneba gulis daavadebebis samkurnalod),<br />
totebisa da qerqisgan iReben sxvadasxva surnelovan nivTierebebs.<br />
mefis ruseTis dros dasavleT saqarTvelodan uamravi raodenobiT iSviaTi<br />
saxeobis merqani moipoveboda da gadioda ruseTsa Tu evropaSi. im dros naklebi<br />
interesi iyo wiwvovnebisa da iaffasiani farTofoTlovani mcenareebis merqnisadmi<br />
(wifeli), samagierod Cvens tyeebSi Wrebi tardeboda, specialurad, bzisa da<br />
uTxovaris merqnis misaRebad, ramac es saxeobebi ganadgurebis piramde miiyvana da<br />
sabolood Secvala Cveni tyis ekosistemebi. es reliqturi mcenareebi Zalze neli<br />
zrdis tempiT xasiaTdeba (es reliqturi mcenareebis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa,<br />
ris gamoc maT iolad emuqrebaT gadaSenebis safrTxe). aseTi Warbi eqspluataciis<br />
Sedegad tyeebSi bza da uTxovari mxolod buCqnaris formiT, an erTeuli xeebis<br />
saxiT gvxvdeba.<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, uTxovari Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, misi moWra kanoniT aris akrZaluli. garda Wrisa, aseve akrZalulia<br />
uTxovaris zezeul xeebze nedli totebis moWra (sadResaswaulo, religiuri,<br />
ritualuri miznebiT). kanoni krZalavs ara marto velurad mozardi uTxovarisadmi<br />
aseTi qmedebebis ganxorcielebas, aramed mkacr sanqciebs awesebs dasaxlebul<br />
punqtebSi, skverebsa da baRebSi arsebuli mwvane nargavebis dazianebisa da<br />
ganadgurebis winaaRmdeg.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, saxeoba ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos saTanadod daculad, vinaidan<br />
arsebobs misi merqnis mopovebis da ukanono vaWrobis faqtebi, aseve Zalze xSirad<br />
SeiZleba naxoT am mcenaris totebi, romlebic iyideba quCaSi yvavilebTan erTad.<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT am sferoSi korufciis maRal dones, kanonis aRsrulebis<br />
xarvezebs, Sav bazarze uTxovaris merqnis siZviresa (1 kuburi metris fasi<br />
uaxlovdeba 3 000 aSS dolars) da mcenaris iSviaTobas, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT,<br />
3
om mas gadaSenebis safrxe emuqreba. am saxeobaze Catarebulma kvleva/gamoZiebam<br />
dagvanaxa, ra problemis <strong>winaSe</strong> dgas <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> gavrcelebuli araerTi iSviaTi<br />
mcenaris saxeoba, ukanono mopovebisa da vaWrobis, samkurnalo da aramerqnul<br />
resursebTan da saxeobebTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo xarvezebisa da kanonis<br />
Sesrulebis susti meqanizmebis gamo.<br />
xe-tyis ukanono mopoveba da <strong>vaWroba</strong> <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
xe-tyis ukanono mopoveba da <strong>vaWroba</strong> warmoadgens Tanamedrove saqarTvelos erTerT<br />
mtkivneul problemas. asociacia mwvane alternativa partnior arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebTan erTad awarmoebs xe-tyis ukanono Wris damoukidebel monitorings.<br />
mdgomareobis analizma, romelic gakeTda savele kvlevebis, interviuebis,<br />
dainteresebuli mxareebTan Sexvedebis Sedegad, dagvanaxa am seqtorSi arseuli<br />
darRvevebis sqemebi.<br />
uTxovarTan dakavSirebiT Catarebulma gamoZiebebma gamoaaSkarava erTis mxriv is<br />
darRvevebi, romelic arsebobs saqarTvelos satyeo seqtorSi da meores mxriv<br />
safrTxe, romelic emuqrebaT iSviaT saxeobebsa da tyis ekosistemebs.<br />
<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> xe-tyis damzadebis uflebis miniWeba warmoebs mosaWreli resursis<br />
raodenobis Sesaxeb saTanadod dadgenili informaciis flobis gareSe. tyeTmowyobis<br />
arsebuli masalebi ar asaxaven <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebul realur mdgomareobas.<br />
oficialuri monacebiT, iWreba gacilebiT naklebi, vidre daSvebulia tyeTmowyobis<br />
masalebiTa da mocemulia saangariSo tyekafebSi. xelovnurad xdeba mosaWreli<br />
resursis kvotebis gazrda.<br />
praqtikaSi xe-tyis didi nawilis damzadeba xorcieldeba movliTi Wrebis<br />
saxelwodebiT. amas aadvilebs isic, rom arsebobs movliTi Wris ramdenime saxe,<br />
rac ”aadvilebs” imis dasasabuTebas, rom movliTi Wra tyeze ar axdens uaryofiT<br />
gavlenas. amasTanave, movliTi WrisaTvis tyis Wris bileTis gacemis procedura<br />
ufro ioli da aragamWvirvale iyo, vidre mTavari sargeblobis Wris licenziis<br />
gacema.<br />
ukanono qmedebebis jaWvSi erT-erTi mTavari rgolia saxerxebi. (mxolod<br />
erT sofelSi - borjomis raionis sofel axaldabaSi - daaxloebiT 40 saxerxi<br />
muSaobs). <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedi saxerxebis 90 procenti sxvadasxva darRveviT<br />
funqcionirebs. garda imisa, rom abinZureben garemos, rac mTavaria gadaamuSaveben<br />
ukanonod mopovebul merqans. xSirad, es aris iSviaTi saxeobebi, wabli, nekerCxali,<br />
muxa, iSviaTad uTxovari.<br />
ukanonod mopovebuli merqnis didi nawili iyideba TbilisSi, eliavas bazrobaze,<br />
nawili ki gadis sazRvargareT - sarfis, valesa da ninowmindis sabaJoebis gavliT<br />
avtotransportiT, an foTis portidan gemebiT.<br />
ukanono Wrebis mxolod mcire nawili aRiricxeba. aris tendencia, rom ukanono<br />
Wrebi dabraldes Rarib mosaxleobas, romelic SeSisaTvis moipovebs merqans.<br />
sinamdvileSi ki moqmedebs aseTi sqema: saxerxebi iReben SekveTebs samasale<br />
merqanze. merqnis damzadebas axdenen soflis macxovreblebi, romlebic moWril<br />
4
xe-tyes mcire partiebiT ezidebian, risTvisac SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iqnes<br />
sruliad primitiuli transporti. ufro xSird moWrili masala xarebiT TreviT<br />
gamoaqvT. transportirebisaTvis aqtiurad gamoiyeneba yofili samxedro manqanebi,<br />
romlebic Camoweris mere mosaxleobas aqvs SeZenili. saxerxebze masalas iZenen<br />
piradi moxmarebisaTvis adgilobrivi macxovreblebi, an movaWreebi, romlebic<br />
Semdgomi gadayidvis mizniT SekveTas aZleven saxerx sawarmoebs. Semdegi myidvelebi<br />
SeiZleba iyvnen eliavas bazrobze movaWreebi, romlebic nedli da naxevrad<br />
gamomSrali masaliT vaWroben, mcire sawarmoebi, romlebic dabali xarisxis avejsa<br />
da sxva nakeTobebs amzadeben, an ufro msxvili sawarmoebi, romlebic aRWurvili<br />
arian saSrobebiT. aseTebi ZiriTadad qalaqebsa da did dasaxlebul punqtebSi<br />
funqcionireben. calke jgufs warmoadgenen is mewarmeebi, romlebic xe-tyis<br />
eqsports awarmoeben.<br />
merqnis damzadebisas yvelaze xarjiani qmedeba aris tyeSi gzebis gayvana. amis<br />
gamo, ukanonod moWra xdeba ZiriTadad mTavari gzebis gaswvriv, tyis pirebze<br />
an damrec ferdobebze, saidanac advilia samanqane gzamde moris dacureba.<br />
licenziantis mier tyekafamde misasvleli gzis gayvanis SemTxvevSi, rogorc<br />
wesi, am gzebiT sargebloben sxvebic – rogorc piradi moxmarebis mizniT SeSis,<br />
ise ukanono samamasale merqnis damamzadeblebi. amas emateba Tavad licenziebis<br />
mflobelebis mier ganxorcielebuli darRevebic – zedmeti xeebis moWra da sxva.<br />
rogorc wesi, licenziebi 1 wliani vadiT gaicemoda, ris gamoc misi mflobeli<br />
ar iyo dainteresebuli daecva Tavisi tyekafi, an miT umetes, aRdgeniTi<br />
RonisZiebebi ganexorcielebina. aseTi darRvevebi SeuZlebelia Cadenili iqnas<br />
tyis movla-partonobaze pasuxismgebeli uwyebis mxridan Tvalis daxuWvis<br />
gareSe. bolo wlebSi araerTi metyeve iqna mxilebuli ukanono qmedebaSi, maT<br />
Soris maRalCinosebi. Tumca ukanono qmdeba tyeSi xis moWriT ar mTavrdeba da<br />
misi gamovlena SeiZleba transportirebisas, gadamuSavebisa da eqsportirebisas.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare ki satyeo meurneobis departametis sistemis muSakebi Tavis<br />
mxriv korufciul garigebebSi brals sdeben gdi-is, adanaSauleben ra maT tyeSi<br />
reidebis dros qrTamis aRebaSi, merqiT datvirTuli transportis gacilebasa da<br />
ukanonod momuSave saxerxebis mfarvelobaSi. (”tyeSi reidebs Tavad atareben da<br />
fuls arTmeven xalxs, iq vin ras dainaxavs. xergilebze amdeni fuli ar keTdeboda,<br />
mainc ucxo Tvals SeeZlo danaxva” 1 ).<br />
zogierTi, saSrobiT aRWurvili, sawarmo dainteresebulia ukanonod moWrili<br />
Zvirfasi saxeobebis merqniT. didi moTxovnilebaa muxaze, romelic parketis<br />
dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneba. muxis moWra akrZalulia da aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> damzadebuli muxis parketi, mcire gamonaklisis garda, romelic<br />
ruseTidan da ukrainidan Semotanili masaliT mzaddeba, ukanono gziTaa<br />
damzadebuli.<br />
masiurad iWreba „wiTeli nusxis“ saxeoba wabli dasavleT <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>. aseve<br />
masiuria nekerCxalis damzadeba samegrelosa da svaneTSi. interviuebiT miRebuli<br />
informaciiT, foTSi xis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoebSi xdeba nekerCxalis gaSroba<br />
da produqciis damzadeba. satyeo departamentis warmomadgenelTa zepiri<br />
informaciiT, ukanonod damzadebuli nekerCxali „TeTri wifelis“ saxelwodebiT<br />
1<br />
asociacia mwvane alternativas proeqtis - “adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> xe-tyis aralegaluri Wris aRkveTisaTvis”, farglebSi Catarebuli samizne<br />
jgufebis gamokiTxvis Sedegebi. proeqtis ganxorcielda evrokavSiris finansuri mxarda-<br />
WeriT.<br />
5
sabaJos gavliT TurqeTSi da evropaSi eqsportirdeba.<br />
didi diametris mqone uTxovari, romelic samasaled SeiZleba gamodges, sakmaod<br />
iSviaTi gaxda saqarTvelos tyeebSi da erTeuli xeebis saxiT SemorCa miuval<br />
adgilebSi. uTxovari sakraluri mniSvnelobis xed iTvleba da mas ufrTxildebin,<br />
xolo moWris faqtebi ki saguldagulod iniRbeba. moWrili morebi ficrebad<br />
ixerxeba da kanonier merqanTan Sereuli iyideba (SesaZloa wifelTan an alubalTan<br />
erTad). eWvs badebs, roca mcire moculobis - 8 m 3 - konteineriT merqani gemiT<br />
transportirdeba Sor manZilze, vinaidan aseTi satranporto xarjebis dafarva<br />
SesaZlebelia mxolod iseTi Zvirfsi merqniT, rogoricaa uTxovari an bza.<br />
uTxovaris totebis damzadeba xdeba axmetis raionSi, romelic gamoiyeneba rogorc<br />
mosarTavad, aseve sxvadasxva samkurnalo nivTierebebis misaRebad.<br />
<br />
dRes arsebuli satyeo seqtoris maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba imdenad orazrovni<br />
da gaumarTvia, rom kanonieri tyis Wrac ki garkveuli TvalsazrisiT ukanonoa.<br />
principSi, es arc aris gasakviri, Tu gavixsenebT saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsSi mocemul<br />
definicias: ”xis ukanono Wra - xeebis nebarTvis gareSe moWra”. sinamdvileSi, tyis<br />
Wra, romelic ganxorcielebulia arasworad gacemuli nebarTviT/licenziiT, yalb<br />
monacemebze daydnobiT dadgenili kvotebiT, igivenairad azaralebs ekosistemebs,<br />
rogorc ulicenziod Catarebuli, xolo samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Seicavs<br />
danaSaulis ufro met niSnebs, vinaidan dakavSirebulia korufciasTan.<br />
satyeo seqtorTan dakavSirebuli mTeli sistema isea agebuli, rom ukanono qmedebis<br />
Cadena da kanonierebis saburveliT dafarva, anu egreT wodebuli “gapraveba”,<br />
sulac ar aris SeuZlebeli saqme. arsebuli regulaciebis mixedviT, tyis Wris<br />
Catarebis wesebi, maTi Semowmeba, kontroli, darRvevis arseboba-ararseboba da<br />
maTi dafiqsireba damokidebulia pirvel rigSi sabazo monacemebis sisworeze. xetyis<br />
damzadeba kanonierad, tyis ekosistemebisaTvis usafrTxod, ganpirobebulia<br />
tyis mdgomareobis, mosaWreli resursis da ekologiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb<br />
monacemebis sizusteze da zedmiwevniTi sataqsaco monacemebis arsebobaze<br />
(tyeTmowyobis masalebi zustia, saangariSo tyekafebi zustadaa dadgenili, fondebi<br />
zustadaa gamoyofili, xdeba Wragavlili ubnebis zusti aRricxva da kontroli da<br />
ase Semdeg). Tavad Wris wesebi ki subieqtur kriteriumebs eyrdnoba.<br />
tyis kodeqsis mixedviT, mTavari sargeblobis WrebiT xe-tyis damzadebis<br />
yovelwliuri SesaZlo optimaluri odenobis (saangariSo tyekafis) dadgena xdeba<br />
tyeTmowyobis masalebis safuZvelze tyis fondis adgilobrivi teritoriuli<br />
organoebis samoqmedo teritoriebis mixedviT. teritoriuli organoebis<br />
saangariSo tyekafebis jamiT miiReba regionebis an mTlianad qveynis saangariSo<br />
tyekafis odenoba.<br />
amave kodeqsis mixedviT, romelic im drosaa miRebuli, roca garemosa da bunebrivi<br />
resursebis dacvis saministros SemadgelobaSi jer ar Sedioda satyeo meurneobis<br />
saxelmwifo departamenti, saWiro iyo momxdariyo garkveuli SeTanxmeba am<br />
uwyebebs Soris mTavari sargeblobis saangariSo tyekafebis dadgenisa da maTi<br />
raodenobis gazrdis Taobaze:<br />
6
„muxli 72.<br />
2. saangariSo tyekafs adgens da garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis<br />
saministrosTan SeTanxmebiT amtkicebs satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo<br />
departamenti.<br />
3. saangariSo tyekafis gazrda an Semcireba daiSveba garemosa da bunebrivi<br />
resursebis dacvis saministrosTan SeTanxmebiT tyeTmowyobis masalebis, tyeebis<br />
dacvis reJimis, kategoriebis da sxva iseTi pirobebis Secvlisas, romlebic gavlenas<br />
axdens tyeebis mdgomareobaze da Sesabamisad - tyeTmowyobis masalebze”.<br />
swored amitom, oficialuri monacemebiT arasodes ar iWreboda saangariSo<br />
tyekafebiT gamoyofili xe-tyis moculobaze meti. aseTi ”sando” statistikiT<br />
xelmZRvanelobis praqtika grZeldeba dRemde:<br />
cxrili. 1 saangariSo tyekafis gamoyeneba 1990-2005 w.w.<br />
moculoba 1 000 kbm<br />
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005<br />
saangariSo tyekafi<br />
sul kubur metrebSi<br />
faqtiurad moWrilia<br />
sul<br />
200.0 200.0 175.7 218.7 219.6 52.0 61.5 66.2<br />
159.0 81.0 33.6 28.0 27.0 27.5 30.7 38.6<br />
saangariSo<br />
tyekafis gamoyeneba<br />
procentulad<br />
79.5 40.5 19.0 13.0 12.0 53.0 49.9<br />
informaciis wyaro: satyeo meurneobis depertamenti<br />
Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom Wrebis ganxorcielebisaTvis aRar tardeba<br />
saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertiza, garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba da aRar<br />
gaicema garemosdacviTi nebarTva, cxadi iqneba, ra doneze dgas monacemebis<br />
gayalbeba da misi meSveobiT aralegalur Wrebis dafarva.<br />
aqve SeiZleba movitanoT 2 000 wlis monacemebi, roca satyeo meurneobis departamenti<br />
da garemos dacvis saministro calkeuli uwyebebi iyo. satyeo departamentis<br />
oficialuri monacemebiT mzaddeboda 400-600 aTasi kuburi metri xe-tye, xolo<br />
garemos dacvis saministros monacemebiT yovelwliuri Wrebis moculoba 2,5 mln.<br />
m 3 -s aRemateboda. ekopoliciis mTavari sammarTvelos monacemebiT es monacemi<br />
Seadgenda 3.42 milioni kubur metrs .2<br />
amJamad, es ori saxelmwifo dawesebuleba erT uwyebas warmoadgens. saministros<br />
struqtura ukiduresad centralizebulia, mis regionul samsaxurebs Zalze<br />
Sekvecili uflebamosilebebi da mokrZalebuli SesaZleblbebi dautoves. ase<br />
rom, ukanono Wrebis moculobis Sesaxeb oficialuri monacemebis mowodebisas<br />
saministro eyrdnoba satyeo meurneobebidan miRebul informacias, romelic,<br />
rbilad rom vTqvaT, rogorc wesi, Sors dgas realuri mdgomareobis asaxvidan.<br />
2<br />
socialuri Sefaseba, saqarTvelos satyeo seqtoris ganviTarebis proeqti, ivlisi, 2000<br />
7
cxrili 2. oficialuri monacemebi ukanono Wrebis Sesaxeb 1998-2005 wlebSi.<br />
wlebi 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004<br />
oficialurad dafiqsirebuli<br />
34,643 32,353 41,652 47,044 46,180 56,988 60,846<br />
ukanono Wris moculoba (m 3 )<br />
informaciis wyaro: satyeo meurneobis departamenti<br />
2005 wels saministroSi Camoyalibda garemos dacvis inspeqcia (gdi), romlis<br />
erT-erTi mTavari movleobaa xe-tyis aralegaluri Wris winaaRmdeg brZola.<br />
samwuxarod, jerjerobiT es meqanizmic friad susti aRmoCnda, ramdenadac gdi<br />
ar akontrolebs mdgomareobas qveynis mTel teritoriaze, is axdens reagirebas<br />
calkeul faqtebze, an awyobs gegmiur Semowmebebs. garkveulwilad, gdi-s<br />
TanamSromlebi ”mexanZreebis” funqcias asruleben. kontrols isic arTulebs,<br />
rom ”licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonma erTob SezRuda<br />
inspeqcia. kerZod, aRniSnuli kanonis Tanaxmad, gdi weliwadSi erTxel, an TviTon<br />
waradgens angariSs, an sxva SemTxvevaSi, ministrma unda gamosces individualurisamarTlebrivi<br />
aqti ama Tu im mewarmis SerCeviTi Semowmebis mizniT. cxadia, rom<br />
aseTi situacia ver qmnis im makontrolebel ”bades”, romelsac SeeZleba qveynis<br />
masStabiT areguliros Wrebi da damdgari zianis sruli an obieqturi suraTi<br />
warmoadginos. saxezea mxolod fragmentuli, Semowmebuli satyeo meurneobis, an<br />
cxeli xaziT Semosuli informaciis gadamowmebis Sedegad miRebuli lokaluri<br />
suraTi. mTlianad qveynis, an Tundac romelime regionis Sesaxeb aseTi informacia<br />
ar arsebobs. aq SeiZleba mxolod varaudis gakeTeba. ra Tqma unda, licenziantis<br />
mxridan adgili eqneba darRvevebs aralegaluri (zedmeti, an WraSi mouniSnavi)<br />
Wrebis da Wris wesebis sxva darRvevebis saxiT (mag. iSviaTi da Zvirfasi saxeobebis<br />
moWra, saukeTeso xeebis moWra, daavadebuli da xmeli xeebis datoveba, gauwmendaoba<br />
da a.S.).<br />
praqtikulad aRar xdeba Wragavlili ubnebis kontroli. Tu adre metyeve mihyveboda<br />
tyekafze tyiT mosargebles da yuradRebas aqcevda, rom mouniSnavi xe ar moWriliyo,<br />
axla amgvari ram praqtikulad aRar xdeba. Tu xdeba tyiT mosargebleTa Semowmeba,<br />
mxolod tyis gamosasvlelebTan arsebul xergilebze. bevr satyeo meurneobebSi<br />
akrZales xergilebi, vinaidan miiCnies, rom aq xdeboda korufciuli garigebebi.<br />
samagierod, tyeSi gasvlebsa da reidebs, ukanono qmedebebis gamovlenis mizniT,<br />
atarebs gdi. es iyo analogia im reformisa, romelic ganxorcielda Sinagan saqmeTa<br />
saministroSi, roca gauqmda sagzao policia, gauqmda postebi trasebze da aikrZala<br />
reidebSi manqanebis gaCereba, xolo es funqcia daekisra patruls.<br />
gdi-isTvis dasaxuli amocana gacilebiT Zneli da praqtiulad Seusrulebelia.<br />
tyeSi ukanono Wris aRmoCena moiTxovs uzarmazar adamianur resursebs, saTanado<br />
codnasa da gamocdilebasTn erTad, rac, samwuxarod, jer am struqturas ar gaaCnia.<br />
satyeo meurneobebis muSakebic tyis dacvis maTze kanoniT dakisrebul funqcias<br />
Seusruleblad miiCneven, radgan tyis dacvis muSaks abaria aTasobiT heqtari tye,<br />
xolo xelfasi mcirea. aseTi situacia, roca ukanono qmedeba erTma saxelmwifo<br />
uwyebam SeiZleba gadaabralos meores, xolo orivem ”obieqtur” pirobebs (mwiri<br />
SesaZleblobebi, xalxis simcire da a.S.), qmnis karg SesaZleblobebs korufciuli<br />
garigebebisaTvis.<br />
bolo wels sakmaod didi Tanxa Sevida saxelmwifo biujetSi ukanono WrebiT<br />
miyenebuli zaralis sakompensaciod. magram, Tu gavaanlizebT, es aris Tanxa,<br />
8
omelic saproceso garigebebis Sedegad gadaixades satyeo sferoSi dasaqmebulma<br />
adamianebma. es erTis mxriv dadebiTi movlenaa, magram meores mxriv, korufciis<br />
maRal dones kidev erTxel adasturebs. aseve kvlavac dabalia ukanono Wrebis<br />
gamovlineba (anu aRmoCenili ukanonod moWrili xe-tyis mflobelis dadgena) da<br />
damrRvevebis mier garemosaTvis miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis maCvenebeli. 2005<br />
wels ukanono Wrebis gamovlineba iyo daaxloebiT 40 procenti; xolo anazRaureba<br />
11 procenti, rac Zalze dabali Sedegia. ix. cxrili 3.<br />
cxrili 3. tyis dacvis mdgomareobis Sedegebi 2005 wels<br />
2005 weli<br />
ukanono<br />
Wra sul<br />
kbm<br />
55 409<br />
m.S.<br />
damnaSaveebis<br />
gamovlineba kbm<br />
gamovlinebis %<br />
22 685<br />
41 %<br />
gadacemuli<br />
oqmebi<br />
(cali)<br />
ganxilulia<br />
(cali)<br />
tyeze<br />
miyenebuli<br />
ziani<br />
(lari)<br />
anazRaurebulia<br />
(lari)<br />
asanazRaurebelia<br />
(lari)<br />
3641 3 073 1 462 922 166 600 1 296 322<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom gamovlenili ukanono Wrebi realurad<br />
arsebulis 10 % ar aRemateba (ix. qvemoT kolxeTis erovnul parkTan dakavSirebuli<br />
monacemebi), kidev erTxel SegviZlia vivaraudoT seqtoris instituciuri mowyobis<br />
uvargis modelze da korumpirebulobaze.<br />
ukanonod mopovebuli merqniTa da sxva resursebiT saerTaSoriso <strong>vaWroba</strong><br />
SeuZlebelia sabaJo samsaxurebis xelSewyobis gareSe. isini an unda monawileobdnen<br />
korufciul garigebebSi, an arasakmarisi kvalifikaciis gamo ver amCnevdnen<br />
darRvevebs. swored am ukanaskneli uwyebis valdebulebaa ar miiRos da ar gaataros<br />
CITES-is danarTebSi Setanili faunisa da floris saxeobebis nimuSebi Sesabamisi<br />
nebarTvebisa da sertifikatebis gareSe. aseve misi valdebulebaa ukanonod<br />
mopovebuli saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis aRkveTa. maT unda SeeZloT nimuSisa<br />
da sanebarTvo dokumentaciis Sesabamisobis dadgena. darRveveis aRmoCenisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia saxelmwifo makontrolebeli samsaxurebis mier sabaJosa da satyeo<br />
uwyebebis dokumentaciaSi deklarirebuli produqcis Sedareba, aseve sxvadasxva<br />
mosazRvre qveynis sabaJo samsaxurebis monacemebis Sedareba.<br />
damoukidebeli uwyebis mier monitoringis warmoebisas praqtikulad SeuZlebelia<br />
satyeo uwyebisa da sabaJo uwyebebis monacemebis Sedareba. tyis Wris licenziebsa<br />
da xe-tyis kanonierebis warmoSobis damadasturebel sabuTebSi aRniSnulia<br />
moWrili merqnis saxeoba da moculoba kubur metrebSi, xolo sabaJo sabuTebSi<br />
ki sxvadasxva saxeobis produqcia tonebSi. amasTanave, magaliaTad, moWrili<br />
wifeli SeiZleba iyos kodiT moxseniebuli sxvadasxva produqcia: Camoganuli<br />
ficari, wiflis masala, wiflis samasale merqnis ornawibura Zeli, Camouganavi<br />
ficari, daxerxili ficari, wiflis Sponi daWrili nawilebad, wiflis Zelaki,<br />
parketi da a.S. fanera, da a.S. romlebic Sedian sasaqonlo kodSi 440, TiToeuli<br />
sxvadasxva kodiT, rac kidev ufro arTulebs korelaciis dadgenas satyeo da<br />
sabaJo dokumentacias Soris.<br />
sabaJo samsaxuri erT-erT yvelaze korumpirebul struqturad iTvleboda<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>. am braldebiT mravali piri misces pasuxisgebaSi, ramdenjerme<br />
Seicvala am samsaxuris piradi Semadgenloba. amis gamo TanamSromlebs akliaT<br />
9
gamocdileba. maT uWirT merqnuli saxeobebis vizualuri identificireba, iseve<br />
rogorc CITES saxeobebis. aqedan gamomdinare, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia daadginon<br />
iSviaTi saxeobis mcenaris merqani, romelic SeiZleba Sereuli iyos sxva merqanTan,<br />
magaliTad, Tu daxerxil wifelTan erTad Sereulia uTxovaris ramdenime ficari.<br />
marTalia sabaJoze tvirTis mflobeli waradgens saqarTvelos samrewvelo savaWro<br />
palatis eqspertebis mier gacemul sabuTs, romelic adasturebs produqciis (mag.<br />
xe-tyis) warmomavlobas, magram aseTi sabuTiTac SeuZlebelia siyalbis dadgena.<br />
magaliTad, SesaZlebelia, rom xe-tye moWrili iyos axmetaSi an mestiaSi nebarTvis<br />
gareSe, xolo sabuTebSi aRniSnuli iyos, rom kanonierad moiWra cxinvalSi. rogorc<br />
aRiniSna, xe-tyis warmoSobisa da kanonierebis damadasturebel sabuTebSi misi<br />
raodenoba izomeba moculobiT (kubur metrebSi), xolo sabaJo sabuTebSi woniT.<br />
mebaJem ki ar icis arc merqnis moculobis dadgena da arc Sefardebaa ama Tu im<br />
saxeobis merqnis wonasa da moculobas Soris (kuTri wona). Sesabamisad brmad unda<br />
endos imas, rac dokumenteSi weria, an am ucodinarobiT gaimarTlos Tavi.<br />
garemos dacvis ministris brZanebiT regulirdeba „xe-tyis kanonierebisa da<br />
warmoSobis damadasturebeli dokumentebis gacemis wesi“, romelic mraval<br />
pasuxgaucemel kiTxvas badebs. magaliTad: dokumentebis gamcemi organo<br />
uflebamosilia daadginos Sesabamisoba faqtobrivad damzadebul xe-tyesa an/<br />
da xe-tyis pirveladi gadamuSavebis produqciasa da dokumentiT gansazRvrul<br />
raodenobas Soris; rogor daadgens faqtobrivad damzadebul xe-tyesa an/da<br />
xe-tyis pirveladi gadamuSavebis produqciasa da dokumentiT gansazRvrul<br />
raodenobas Soris Sesabamisobas uflebamosili piri, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gasulia<br />
garkveuli periodi, es qoneba gadayidulia ramdenjerme da mewarmes surs misi<br />
sazRvargareT gatana? saxelmwifo organoebs waredginebaT xe-tyis Tanmxlebi<br />
dokumentebis aslebi. Tanamedrove teqnikuri SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebiT ki<br />
sulac ar aris Zneli aslebze sxvadasxva manipulaciis Catareba, gayalbeba.<br />
<br />
2005 wlis bolos da 2006 wlis dasawyisSi cvlilebi Sevida saqarTvelos<br />
kanonmdeblobaSi avtosatransporto saSualebebis sagabarito parametrebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. kerZod, axali wesebis mixedviT, TiToeul RerZze datvirTva ar unda<br />
aRematebodes 10 tonas, an/da qarxnuli wesiT daSvebul wonas, an/da saerTo wona<br />
44 tonas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, tvirTis mflobels soliduri jarima elodeba<br />
- TiToeul zedmet tonaze 1 000 lari. sabaJo samsaxuri valdebulia Seamowmos<br />
manqanis wona da darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gamoiZaxos sapatrulo policia, romelic<br />
Seadgens administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis aqts da damnaSaves daakisrebs<br />
saxdels. darRvevis SemTxvevaSi satransporto saSualebis mflobelma sakuTari<br />
xarjiT unda moaxdinos tvirTis koreqtireba: dacalos satransporto saSualeba<br />
da moqmedi wesebis dacviT Tavidan datvirTos.<br />
satvirTo manqanebis wona ZiriTadad sabaJoze fiqsirdeba, Tumca, Semowmeba<br />
sapatrulo policiasac SeuZlia.<br />
saqarTvelos ZiriTadi merqniani saeqsporto saxeobaa wifeli, aseve garkveuli<br />
wilad gadis wiwvovnebi - umetesad naZvi da fiWvi. rogorc wesi, saqarTvelos<br />
trasebze mZime avtotransportiT ZiriTadad axlad moWrili xe-tye gadaaqvT,<br />
iSviaTad naxevrad gamomSrali. mxolod wifeli, Tu is gadis sazRvarze,<br />
gadaaqvT kargad gamomSral mdgomareobaSi. specialuri satyeo literaturaSi<br />
gamoTvlilia 1 kuburi metri merqnis wona kilogramebSi (cdomileba meryeobs<br />
10
10%-is farglebSi).<br />
1 m 3 wona kilogramebSi<br />
merqnis saxeoba<br />
mSrali naxevradmSrali axalmoWrili<br />
wifeli 630-710 770 968<br />
naZvi 350-600 500-600 794<br />
fiWvi 310-710 550-560 863<br />
soWi 370-600 470 827<br />
saSualod trailerze deben 25-30 m 3 daxerxil xe-tyes. CvenSi, ZiriTadad, xe-tyis<br />
gadasazidad gamoiyeneba “kamazis” firmis bortiani satvirTo manqanebi. “kamazis”<br />
mxolod or models SeuZlia waiRos 25 m 3 wifelis masala, ise, rom daculi iyos<br />
kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebi. Tu darRveva (wonis gadaWarbeba) dafiqsirdeba, garda<br />
pirdapiri jarimisa, es xe-tyis mflobelisTvis sxva damatebiT danaxarjebsac<br />
gamoiwvevs (xelaxali datvirTva, damatebiTi satransporto xarjebi). traileris<br />
naxevrad datvirTva aseve wamgebiania.<br />
Cveni informaciiT, sabaJoze xdeba xe-tyis naklebi moculobis gaformeba. SesaZloa<br />
hqondeT xe-tyis mopovebis sabuTi ufro met raodenobaze, magram sabaJoze<br />
dafiqsirdes ufro naklebi. magaliTad, xe-tyis kanonierebisa da warmoSobis<br />
dokumentebSi dafiqsirebulia 35 m 3 wifeli. es raodenoba woniT aris 22 750 kg.<br />
satvirTo manqanas (mag. “kamaz 53229”) ufleba aqvs gadaitanos mxolod 16 700 kg.<br />
Sesabamisad, imisaTvis, rom acilebul iqnes jarimebi da sxva danaxarjebi, unda<br />
gaformdes araumetes 25 m 3 -isa. sabuTebis (satyeo meurneobis mier gacemuli xetyis<br />
kanonierebisa da warmoSobis dokumentebi) mixedviT, mas kidev aqvs “darCenili”<br />
kanonirad mopovebuli 10 m 3 merqani. es<br />
“ sxvaoba”, SesaZloa Seivsos ukanonod<br />
mopovebuli xe-tyis xarjze, romelic gacilebiT iafia, vidre yalbi sabuTebi 3 . anu<br />
“gaTeTreba” ufro advili xdeba, vinaidan mniSvnelobani sabuTebis didi nawili<br />
ukve aqvs tvirTis mflobels.<br />
savaraudod, korufciaSi sabaJos garda SesaZloa iyos CarTuli sapatrulo policia,<br />
finansuri policia da mesazRvreebi. Tu darRveva saqarTvelos teritoriaze<br />
dafiqsirda, damnaSaves administraciuli sasjeli elodeba, magram Tu darRveva<br />
somxeTis an TurqeTis mxares dafiqsirda, es ukve kontrabandaa da seriozuli<br />
sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulia. amitom, xe-tyis eqsports eweva mewarmeTa mxolod<br />
is nawili, romelTac es gza “gakafuli da aTvisebuli” aqvT. Cveni informaciiT,<br />
somxeTis mxares kontrabanduli tvirTebis usafrTxod gadatanas vinme manukiani<br />
agvarebs. Tu xe-tye masTan midis, problemebi moxsnili gaqvs - ase amboben mewarmeebi.<br />
Cveni azriT, arsebuli mdgomareobis gamosworebisaTvis aucilebelia sabaJos da<br />
satyeo departamentis mier gacemuli dokumentebis Sedareba da mudmivi monitoringi;<br />
aseve mezobeli qveynebis sabaJoebidan monacemebis aReba da Sedareba.<br />
3<br />
borjomis da adigenis raionSi somxeTidan Camosuli saqmosnebi mzad arian xe-tyis yalb<br />
sabuTebSi gadaixadon 120-140 dolari 1 kubur metrSi.<br />
11
“wiTeli nusxisa da wiTeli wignis Sesaxeb”<br />
saqarTvelos kanonis moTxovnebis darRvevis faqti<br />
imereTis regionSi wablna rebis mdgomareoba friad ara damakmayofilebelia. aq<br />
aRiniSneba wablnarebis xmoba sxvadasxva xarisxiTa da intensivobiT. wablnarebis<br />
xmobis mTavari mizezia wablis qerqis kibo. msoflio bankis tyis ganviTarebis<br />
proeqtis farglebSi Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, calkeul adgilebSi saRi xeebis<br />
raodenoba 16 procents ar aRemateba. am kvlevis daskvnaSi vkiTxulobT: “imereTis<br />
regionis gamokvleuli satyeo meurneobebis wablnarebSi fitosanitariuli<br />
mdgomareoba wablis kibos (Cryphonectria parasitica) gavrcelebisa da xmobis orive<br />
tipis intensivobis mixedviT aseTi mdgomareobaa xuTive satyeo meurneobis<br />
saSualo maCveneblebidan gamomdinare: pirobiTad saRia xeebis – 43,87%; xmobadia<br />
– 40,53%; gamxmaria – 15,60%, e.i. xmobadi da gamxmari xeebis saerTo raodenobaa<br />
– 56,13%, rac imas gviCvenebs, rom am regionis wablnarebis mdgomareoba friad<br />
aradamakmayofilebelia da saswrafod moiTxovs farTo masStabis gamajansaRebeli<br />
RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas” 4 .<br />
imereTis wablnarebis gamajansaRebeli RonisZiebis gatarebis sababiT garemos<br />
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrom konkursis safuZvelze gamoavlina<br />
gamarjvebuli da wablis merqnis damzadeba xelSekruleba daudo Sps “de end ve”-<br />
s. amgvari gadawyvetilebis miReba ar iyo kanonieri, vinaidan wabli Setanilia<br />
saqarTvelos “wiTel wignSi”. amis Sesaxeb ukve aRniSnulia Cvens gamocemaSi<br />
“saqarTvelos satyeo seqtoris problemebi: ukanono qmedebebi da kanonTa Soris<br />
koliziebi” 5 .<br />
evrokavSirSi miRebuli wesebiT wablis merqans aucileblad unda axldes cnoba<br />
imis Taobaze, rom is ar aris mopovebuli im adgilebSi sadac aris wablis kibos<br />
epidemia. Sesabamisad, evrokavSiris qveynebSi SeuZlebelia imereTSi moWrili<br />
wablis merqnis gatana.<br />
wablis populaciis mdgomareoba mZimea ara mxolod misi fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis,<br />
aramed ukanono Wrebis uzarmazari masStabis gamo. ukanono Wrebis arsebuli<br />
donis gaTvaliswinebiT, wablis Wraze amgvari kanondaRvevebisa da mikerZoebis<br />
pirobebSi, am Zvirfas mcenares uaxloes momavalSi didi safrTxe daemuqreba. dasavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>, sadac umuSevroba da mZime socialuri fonia, wablis merqnis<br />
moWra da <strong>vaWroba</strong> Semosavlis wyarod aqvs qceuli mosaxleobis erT nawils.<br />
savele gasvlebisas xaragaulis raionSi, sof. vaxanSi vnaxeT saxerxi saamqroebi,<br />
romlebic mxolod wablis merqanze muSaobdnen. amis Sesaxeb mivwereT garemos<br />
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, werils erTvoda fotomasalac<br />
(werili #04/02-44, 16 seqtemberi, 2005). saministros mxridan am faqts aranairi<br />
4<br />
saboloo angariSi proeqtisaTvis “imereTis regionSi tyeebis daavadebaTa Tanamedrove<br />
mdgomareobis Seswavla da maT sawinaaRmdegod brZolis integrirebuli meTodis SemuSaveba”<br />
(wablnarebis fitosanitariuli mdgomareoba, mavne organiz mebi, xmobis etiologia<br />
da aRdgena-gajansaRebis RonisZiebani), kavSiri “metyeveTa sazogadoeba”, Tbilisi, 2004<br />
wlis ianvari.<br />
5<br />
“saqarTvelos satyeo seqtoris problemebi: ukanono qmedebebi da kanonTa Soris koliziebi,<br />
2006, asociacia mwvane alternativa, Tbilisi, 52 gv.<br />
12
eagireba ar mohyolia, miuxedavad imisa, rom amis Sesaxeb informacia gamovaqveyneT<br />
presaSic (gazeTi axal versia #380 21-22 seqtemberi, 2005). mxolod rva Tvis<br />
Semdeg 2006 wlis gazafxulze ganaxorciela garemos dacvis inpeqciam reidi am<br />
sofelSi da 50 kuburi metri moWrili wabli aRmoaCina. zaralma 17 000 lari<br />
Seadgina. ra raodenobiT wabli moiWra Cveni Setyobinebidan gdi-is reagirebamde<br />
da vin unda aanazrauros saxelmwifosTvis miyenebuli zarali? ras unda mivaweroT<br />
saministros aseTi inertuloba: uwyebaSi komunikaciis sisustes, sazogadoebisadmi<br />
(am SemTxvevaSi Cveni mimarTvisadmi) uyuradRebobas, Tu danaSaulis Segnebulad<br />
dafarvas?<br />
ukanono Wrebi kolxeTis erovnul parkSi<br />
ramxela gansxvavebaa ukanono Wrebis faqtiur moculobasa da realur raodenobas<br />
Soris SeiZleba daxloebiT warmovidginoT kolxeTis erovnuli parkis magaliTze<br />
Catarebuli analizis Sedegad.<br />
kolxeTis erovnuli parki tyis Wris masStabebiT pirvel adgilzea <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> da<br />
SesaZloa, mTels samxreT kavkasiaSi. aq vxvdebiT kolxuri tipis dablobis tyeebs,<br />
sadac gabatonebuli merqnuli saxeobaa muryani. bevrisTvis es aris uzarmazari<br />
daWaobebuli farTobebi, romelic araZvirfasi merqnis momcemi xe-mcenaris -<br />
muryniTaa dafaruli. sinamdvileSi ki kolxeTis erovnul parki moicavs kolxeTis<br />
dablobis unikalur refugiums.<br />
2000 wels gadaRebul aerofotoebze naTlad Cans kolxeTis erovnuli parkis<br />
teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli pirwminda Wrebi. unda iTqvas, rom Wris wesebis<br />
mixedviT, dablobis murynarebSi daSvebulia mTavari sargeblobis Wrebis erTerTi<br />
saxe - pirwminda Wrebi. am dros garkveul sworkuTxa farTobebze (mag. 100m X<br />
100m) pirwmindad iWreba murynis koromi. bunebrivad daaxloebiT 15 weliwadSi<br />
es adgili kvlav ifareba imave zomis xeebiT. sameurneo TvalsazrisiT, TiTqos<br />
aseTi gamoyeneba dasaSvebi da gamarTlebulicaa, magram mis Sedegad viRebT Zlier<br />
degradirebul ekosistemas, xeebis erTobliobas da ara tyes. garemos dacvis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, Wris aseTi wesebi gamoyenebuli unda iyos mxolod xelovnur<br />
plantaciebSi. CvenTan moqmedi kanonmdebloba (Wris wesebi) ki uSvebs aseT Wrebs,<br />
magram isini akrZalulia daculi teritoriebis farglebSi 6 .<br />
Cveni gamoklevis Tanaxmad, kolxeTis erovnul parkSi ukanono Wrebi sakmaod didi<br />
masStabiT xorcieldeba. garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros<br />
saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis - daculi teritoriebis departamentis<br />
mier mowodebuli monacemebiT, 2001-2005 wlebSi kolxeTis erovnul parkis<br />
teritoriaze moiWra sul 6 515 m 3 saSeSe merqani. maT Soris: kanonierad – 4 561<br />
m 3 , xolo ukanonod – 1 953 m 3 .<br />
kolxeTis erovnuli parkis direqciis mier amave wlebSi moWrili kanonieri da<br />
ukanono Wrebis Sesaxeb monacemebi gansxvavdebian am ricxvebisgan 380 m 3 -iT. TiTqos<br />
sxvaoba didi ar aris, magram statistikurad es 17%-ze metia. es miuTiTebs yvela am<br />
monacemis nakleb sarwmunoobaze. marTlac, Tu sxvadasxva uwyebebidan mowodebul<br />
informacias gavaanalizebT, TvalnaTvliv davinaxavT, rom ukanono Webis didi<br />
6<br />
dacul teritoriaze ar SeiZleba ganxorcieldes arc erTi saxis mTavari sargeblobis<br />
Wra.<br />
13
nawili ar aRiricxeba.<br />
kanonieri da ukanono Wrebis saSualebiT mopovebuli SeSis am raodenobis gamoyeneba<br />
aRniSnuli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi sakmarisi iqneboda daaxloebiT 200 ojaxisaTvis<br />
(Tu davuSvebT, rom erT ojaxs esaWiroeba saSualod 6 kuburi metri SeSa).<br />
kolxeTis erovnul parks esazRvreba xobis, lanCxuTis, abaSis, zugdidis,<br />
senakis raionebis soflebi, sadac cxovrobs 11 010 komli, romlebic mTeli<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi gasaTbobad da saWmlis momzadebisaTvis mxolod SeSaze arian<br />
damokidebuli. amas emateba qalaq foTis mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawilic.<br />
departamentis azriT 7 , am mosaxleobis 85-90 procentis moTxovnileba SeSaze<br />
kmayofildeba Sesabamisi raionebis satyeo meurneobebSi. miuxedavad mcdelobisa,<br />
Cven ver movipoveT informacia satyeo meurneobebidan, Tumca Sesabamis organoebs<br />
amis miRweva SedarebiT advilad gamouvaT. Tu davujerebT kolxeTis erovnuli<br />
parkis direqciis varauds, am SemTxvevaSic ki, kolxeTis erovnul parks unda<br />
daekmayofilebina 1 100-1 650 komlis moTxovnileba SeSaze. anu saWiro iyo 496 000 m 3<br />
5 wlis ganmavlobaSi. Sesabamisad, unda vivaraudoT, rom ukanono Wris moculobam<br />
am periodSi Seadgina 44 939 kuburi metri.<br />
2005 wlis zamTris periodSi mosaxleobis saTbobi SeSiT momaragebisaTvis gamoiyo<br />
specialuri Wrebis tyekafebi. xobis rionis sof. sagviCios mosaxleobisaTvis 386,61<br />
m 3 (260 komli, TiTo komlze daaxloebiT 1,5 m 3 ), sof. Waladidis mosaxleobisaTvis -<br />
401.53 m 3 (mosaxleoba 940 komli, TiTo komlze daaxloebiT 0, 42 m 3 ), zemo Waladidis<br />
mosaxleobisaTvis - 487,14 m 3 (mosaxleoba 215 komli, TiTo komlze daaxloebiT 2,3<br />
m 3 ). kolxeTis erovnul parkSi savalalo mdgomareobaa - iWreba imaze gacilebiT<br />
meti, vidre bunebas SeuZlia aitanos, xolo sxva saSualeba adgilobriv mosaxleobas<br />
gasaTbobad da saWmlis mosamzadeblad ar gaaCnia.<br />
ra SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi? kolxeTis erovnuli parkis Seqmnisa da marTvis<br />
Sesaxeb kanonSi Sevida cvlilebebi da damatebebi, romelTagan arsebiTia 15<br />
prima muxlis damateba (kolxeTis erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis<br />
zona) am muxlSi gadmotanilia “daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb” kanonis<br />
ganmarteba tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis Sesaxeb, mocemulia konkretuli ubnebi<br />
da daSvebuli saqmianobis saxeebze mimatebulia “TevzWera” da “monitoringi”.<br />
sanacvlod, am damatebaSi gaqra (ar Sevida) “daculi teritoriebis sistemis<br />
Sesaxeb” kanonSi arsebuli iseTi mniSvnelovani Canaweri, rogoricaa saqmianobaTa<br />
CamonaTvalSi winmswrebi ganmsazRvreli fraza ”da bunebrivi produqtiulobiT<br />
limitirebuli”. Sedegad miviReT garemoeba, rodesac apriori xdeba mosaxleobis<br />
moTxovnilebis da ara daculi teritoriis farglebSi mdebare ekosistemis<br />
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswineba. anu ramdenic iqneba mosaxlobis<br />
moTxovnileba xe-tyeze, imdeni moiWreba. TamaSis es wesi pirdapir winaaRmdegobaSia<br />
”daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb” kanonTan. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom<br />
gadawyvetilebis mimRebTa Soris sul ufro aSkaraa ganwyoba, rom erovnuli parki<br />
xalxisTvisaa da yvela bunebrivi resursi xalxma saWiroebisamebr unda moixmaros,<br />
xolo garemos dacva meorexarisxovan saqmea, kolxeTis erovnul parks ganuxreli<br />
degradacia emuqreba.<br />
7<br />
saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo<br />
dawesebuleba daculi teritoriebis departamentis werili. 01.11.2005, #8/369;<br />
asociacia mwvane alternativas 10.10.2005, #04/02-49 werilis pasuxad;<br />
14
samkurnalo mcenareebiT <strong>vaWroba</strong><br />
Cveni qveynis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi genetikuri resursia samkurnalo<br />
mcenareebi, romliTac mdidaria saqarTvelos flora. sxvadasxva mkvlevarebi<br />
miuTiTeben daaxlobiT 450-mde saxeobis mcenareze, romelTac samkurnalo<br />
Tvisebebi gaaCniaT da gamoiyenebian xalxur da mecnierul medicinaSi. <strong>mcenareTa</strong><br />
samkurnalod gamoyenebas <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> uZvelesi tradicia gaaCnia. bolo wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi arsebobs garkveuli daintereseba ucxo qveynebidan regionSi<br />
arsebuli samkurnalo mcenareuli resursebis mimarT. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare,<br />
aucilebelia, rom moxdes genetikur resursebis xelmisawvdomobaze kontrolis<br />
meqanizmisa da maTgan miRebuli sargeblis samarTliani ganawilebis principis<br />
integrireba veluri mcenareebis dacvisa da sargeblobis maregulirebel erovnul<br />
sakanonmdeblo bazaSi, raTa visargebloT biomravalferovnebis konvenciiT<br />
miniWebuli uflebebiT.<br />
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba samedicino miznebisaTvis <strong>mcenareTa</strong> sxvadasxva saxeobebs<br />
iyenebs. upiratesad es aris balaxovani mcenareuloba da iSviaTad, xeebi da buCqebi,<br />
sokoebi da wyalmcenareebi. maTi ZiriTadi nawilis Segroveba xdeba bunebaSi,<br />
rac safrTxes uqmnis <strong>mcenareTa</strong> populaciebs. aseTi praqtika iwvevs samkurnalo<br />
<strong>mcenareTa</strong> mravalferovnebis mkveTr daqveiTebas.<br />
samwuxarod, am sferoSi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza TiTqmis ar arsebobs, xolo<br />
bolo perodSi miRebuli normatiuli aqtebis Sedegad, praqtikulad daucveli<br />
darCa aramerqnuli resursebi.<br />
<br />
2005 wlamde <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebobda garkveuli sakanonmdeblo baza <strong>mcenareTa</strong><br />
veluri saxeobebis (maT Soris samkurnalo <strong>mcenareTa</strong>) dacvisa da maTi bunebidan<br />
amoRebis regulirebisaTvis. aRniSnul sakiTxebs iTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos<br />
kanonebi `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~, `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~,<br />
`garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~ `saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi~, `daculi<br />
teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ aseve sxva normatiuli aqtebiT (mag. saqarTvelos<br />
satyeo meurneobis saxelmwifo departamentis Tavmjdomaris brZanebebi da sxv). es<br />
kanonebi ar aris gauqmebuli, Tumca mniSvnelovnad SeizRuda 2004 wlis zafxulSi<br />
saqarTvelos kanonis ”licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb” miRebis Semdeg da<br />
praqtikulad ufunqciod darCa.<br />
`garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ kanonis (1996) Tanaxmad (muxli 47) <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong><br />
<strong>myofi</strong> veluri mcenareebi registrirebulni unda iqnen <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong><br />
veluri mcenareebisa da gareuli cxovelebis `wiTel nusxasa~ da `saqarTvelos<br />
wiTel wignSi~, romelTa sistematur ganaxlebasa da gamocemas organizebas uwevs<br />
saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro.<br />
<strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> veluri mcenareebisa da gareuli cxovelebis `wiTeli<br />
nusxisa~ da `saqarTvelos wiTeli wignis~ warmoebis wess gansazRvravs Sesabamisi<br />
kanoni, romelic miRebulia 2003 wlis ivnisSi. am kanonidan gamondinare,<br />
saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebiT (#303, 2006 wlis 2 maisi) ki damtkicda<br />
saqarTvelos ”wiTeli nusxa”. `wiTel nusxaSi~ Setanili <strong>mcenareTa</strong> saxeobebis<br />
mimarT akrZalulia yovelgvari saqmianoba (mopoveba, Wra, Tibva), rac iwvevs maTi<br />
raodenobis Semcirebas.<br />
15
`saqarTvelos wiTeli wignisa da wiTeli nusxis~ Sesaxeb kanoniT ganisazRvra, rom<br />
saxelmwifo dacvas eqvemdebareba saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxaSi~ Setanili saxeobebi.<br />
Sesabamisad ganisazRvra, rom saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxas~, rogorc iuridiuli<br />
Zalis mqone aqts, brZanebiT amtkicebs saqarTvelos prezidenti. kanonis Tanaxmad,<br />
wiTeli nusxis saxeobebi eqvemdebareba saxelmwifo dacvas, maT mimarT akrZalulia<br />
yovelgvari qmedeba, rac iwvevs maTi raodenobis, an arealebis Semcirebas. maTi<br />
mopoveba SeiZleba mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebaSi, kerZod, saxeobaTa<br />
aRdgenisas, kultivirebisaTvis, samecniero mizniT. `wiTel nusxaSi~ Setanili<br />
saxeobebis statusis gansazRvra xdeba bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris<br />
(IUCN) kriteriumebis mixedviT.<br />
“garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis (1996) Tanaxmad, velur <strong>mcenareTa</strong><br />
TviTaRwarmoebisa da biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis maTi garemodan<br />
amoReba unda iyos mkacrad limitirebuli da eqvemdebarebodes licenzirebas<br />
(muxli 46).<br />
saqarTvelos tyis fondis teritoriaze samkurnalo veluri mcenareuli<br />
resursebis bunebidan amoReba iribad regulirdeboda saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsiT<br />
(1999 weli). aRniSnuli saqmianobani warmoadgenen tyis kodeqsiT gansazRvruli<br />
tyiTsargeblobis Semdeg saxeebs:<br />
1. tyis merqniani mcenareebi produqtebisa da xis meorexarisxovani masalebis<br />
(Tesli, nayofi, Zirkvi, lafani, fiCxi, nekeri da sxva) damzadeba;<br />
2. tyis aramerqnuli resursebiT (sokoebi, samkurnalo nedleuli da sxva balaxeuli,<br />
buCqovani mcenareebi da maTi produqtebi) sargebloba;<br />
tyis kodeqsis mixedviT, aramerqnuli resursebiT (sokoebi, samkurnalo, teqnikuri<br />
nedleuli da sxva balaxeuli, buCqovani mcenareebi da maTi produqtebi)<br />
sargeblobisaTvis sanebarTvo dokumentebi iyo xelSekruleba an bileTi.<br />
samwuxarod, 2005 wels miRebuli “licenziebisa da nebarTvebis” Sesaxeb kanoniT,<br />
iseTi tipis licenziebi da sxva sanebarTvo dokumentebi, romlebic aregulireben<br />
samkurnalo mcenareebis da saerTod, araerqnuli resursebis bunebaSi mopovebas<br />
saerTod gauqmda.<br />
veluri floris <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> eqsporti regulirdeba, agreTve, konvenciT `gadaSenebis<br />
piras <strong>myofi</strong> veluri faunisa da floris <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> saerTaSoriso vaWrobis<br />
Sesaxeb~. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> gavrcelebuli samkurnalo mcenareebidan konvenciis<br />
II danarTSi Setanilia Galanthus-is, Cyclamen-is da Orchis-is gvaris mcenareebi.<br />
Sesabamisad, maTi eqsportisaTvis aucilebelia saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa<br />
da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, rogorc administraciuli organos mier<br />
gacemuli dokumentacia. dReisaTvis licenzias saWiroebs mxolod Galanthus-is da<br />
Cyclamen-is warmomadgenlebi, ase, rom sxva samkurnalo mcenareebi regulaciis<br />
gareSe aris darCenili.<br />
Galanthus-is da Cyclamen-is gvaris zogierTi saxeoba, ZiriTadad dekoraciuli<br />
miznebisaTvis eqsportirdeba, Tumca sabaJos monacemebiT, zogierT wlebSi<br />
TeTryvavilas bolqvebis (Galanthus) garkveuli raodenoba eqsportirebuli iqna,<br />
rogorc samkurnalo nedleuli.<br />
16
kanonmdeblobiT, samkurnalo mcenareuli nedleulis eqsportisaTvis aucilebelia,<br />
agreTve, fitosanitaruli karantinis sertifikati, romelsac gascemda soflis<br />
meurneobisa da sursaTis saministro. dReisaTvis aseT dokumentebs gascems sabaJo<br />
samsaxuri (departamenti).<br />
1982 wels gamocemul saqarTvelos “wiTel wignSi” Setanili iyo zogierTi<br />
samkurnalo mcenare, romelTac daemuqraT gadaSenebis safrTxe an gadaSendnen<br />
swored samkurnalo nedleulis saxiT Warbi mopovebis gamo. magaliTad, mrgvali<br />
wamali (Gymnospermum smirnowii), kavkasiuri dioskorea (Dioskorea caucasica),<br />
oqrosferi bongardia (Bongardia chrysogonum), qarTuli kowaxuri (Berberis iberica),<br />
kavkasiuri glerZi (Astragalus caucasica), mrgvalfoTola drozera (Drosera rotundifolia),<br />
zRvis SroSani (Pancratium maritimum).<br />
samecniero wreebis warmomadgenelTa azriT, arsebuli realobidan gamomdinare<br />
1982 wlis `wiTel wignSi~ Setanil samkurnalo <strong>mcenareTa</strong> saxeobebis raodenoba<br />
mniSvnelovnad unda gazrdiliyo. qarTveli botanikosebi iSviaT da Semcirebadi<br />
saxeobebis kategoriaSi Sedian Semdegi mniSvnelovani samkurnalo mcenareebi:<br />
katabalaxa (Valeriana offi cinalis), kavkasiis daTvis kenkra (Arctostaphylos caucasicus),<br />
kavkasiuri circeli (Sorbus caucasica), kavkasiuri Smaga (Atropa caucasica), Zirtkbila<br />
(Glycyrhiza glabra). gansakuTrebuli safrTxe emuqrebaT dekoratiul mcenareebs,<br />
rac kidev ufro aZlierebs maT eqspluatacias. es gansakuTrebiT Seexeba adreuli<br />
gazafxuli floris warmomadgenlebs. magaliTad: yoCivarda (Cyclamen vernum),<br />
xarisZira (Helleborus caucasicus).<br />
samwuxarod, ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze faqtiurad ar momxdara veluri<br />
samkurnalo mcenareebis arealebisa da populaciebis mdgomareobis aRwera-<br />
Sefaseba, maTi maragebis gansazRvra. arasakmarisi monacemebis gamo, saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiasTan arsebulma wiTeli nusxis saxelmwifo komisiam ver<br />
SeZlo axal “wiTel nusxaSi”’balaxovani mcenareebis saxeobebis Setana. (rogorc<br />
aRvniSneT, sabWoTa periodis “wiTeli wignisgan” gansxvavebiT, axali “wiTeli<br />
nusxa” Sedgenil iqna IUCN-is kriteriumebis mixedviT). dReisaTvis mimdinareobs<br />
muSaoba saqarTvelos balaxovan mcenareebTan dakavSirebiT, damuSavdeba arsebuli<br />
monacemebi da grovdeba axali, raTa umokles vadaSi bolomde dakompleqtdes<br />
saqarTvelos “wiTeli nusxa”. magram dResdReobiT zemoxsenebuli garemoebebis<br />
gamo, samkurnalo mcenareebis saxeobebi ufro daucvelni arian kanonis mier, vidre<br />
wina wlebSi.<br />
samkurnalo mcenareebs bunebaSi moipovebs ZiriTadad adgilobrivi mosaxleoba<br />
Semdegi mizniT:<br />
1. bazarze realizeba;<br />
2. `mwvane afTiaqebSi~ Casabareblad;<br />
3. msxvili damamzadeblebisagan konkretul saxeobaze spontanurad gaCenili<br />
moTxovnis mixedviT.<br />
kompaniebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic ewevian mcenareeebis eqsports, Cadian<br />
soflebSi da avrceleben informacias, rom garkveuli saxeobis mcenares<br />
Caibareben, risTvisac ixdian konkretul fass. soflis mosaxeoba, romlebic<br />
ukidures materialur SeWirvebas ganicdis, umuSevrobis gamo aseT araregularul<br />
Semosavalze advilad Tanxmdeba. aseTi praqtikis arsebobas adastureben<br />
17
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da Tavad mwarmoeblebi. interviuebSi miuTiTebdnen<br />
Semdegi samkurnalo mcenareebis unebarTvo da masiur damzadebaze: kulmuxo<br />
(kaxeTis regionSi), endros Zirebi (samcxe-javaxeTis regioni), kuneli (aWaris<br />
regioni), ukvdava (nego) adigenis raionSi. uTxovaris totebs ibareben adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleobisagan ZiriTadad yvavilebis gvirgvinebis mosarTavad.<br />
arasrulyofili sakanonmdeblo bazisa da, Sesabamisad, kontrolis meqanizmis<br />
umoqmedobis gamo am resursis bunebidan amoReba Zlier safrTxes uqmnis<br />
populaciebs da uaxloes momavalSi SesaZloa ganadgurebis saSiSroebis <strong>winaSe</strong><br />
daayenos.<br />
<strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> veluri fauniTa da floriT saerTaSoriso<br />
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciis moTxovnebis aRsrulebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli problemebi<br />
konvencia <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> veluri fauniTa da floriT saerTaSoriso<br />
vaWrobis Sesaxeb (CITES), anu vaSingtonis konvencia miRebulia 1973 wels. mis<br />
mizans warmoadgens veluri faunisa da floris ukanono mopovebisa da maTi<br />
aralegaluri vaWrobis winaRmdeg brZola, eqsport-importisa da saerTaSoriso<br />
vaWrobis efeqturi kontrolis gziT. konvenciaze xelis moweriT, saxelmwifoebma<br />
aRiares, rom:<br />
• veluri fauna da flora Tavisi mravalricxovani, mSvenieri da sxvadasxvagvari<br />
formiT warmoadgens dedamiwis bunebrivi sistemis Seucvlel nawils;<br />
• saxelmwifoebi unda iyvnen TavianTi veluri faunisa da floris saukeTeso<br />
damcvelni;<br />
• saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba aucilebelia veluri faunisa da floris<br />
gansazRvrul saxeobaTa dacvisa da SenarCunebisaTvis.<br />
dReisaTvis konvenciis monawile mxarea msoflios 169 qveyana. am konvencias<br />
saqarTvelo 1996 wels miuerTda. 1996 wels CITES-is samdivnom da msoflio sabaJo<br />
organizaciam (The World Custom Organization) xeli moaweres memorandums, riTac<br />
aRiares sabaJo samsaxurebis umniSvnelovanesi roli veluri faunisa da floris<br />
saxeobebis aralegaluri vaWrobis aRkveTisa da am gziT maTi dacvis saqmeSi.<br />
CITES–is samdivno aris SveicariaSi, q. JenevaSi. igi kurirebs konvenciis monawile<br />
mxareebs, mxars uWers konvenciiT dakisrebuli valdebulebebis SesrulebaSi,<br />
ixilavs mxareTa mier momzadebul erovnul moxsenebebs da organizebas ukeTebs<br />
konvenciis monawile mxareTa konferenciebs. konvenciis monawile mxareTa<br />
konferencia tardeba or weliwadSi erTxel, romelzedac qveynebis warmomadgenlebi<br />
ganixilaven konvenciis Sesrulebis mdgomareobas da SeimuSaveben rekomendaciebsa da<br />
rezoluciebs konvenciis miznebisa da debulebebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad,<br />
aweseben iSviaTi <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> saerTaSoriso vaWrobis dasaSveb kvotebs. konvencia<br />
TiToeul monawile mxares avaldebulebs erovnul doneze Seqmnas an daniSnos<br />
konvenciis ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli erovnuli administraciuli da<br />
samecniero organoebi da Sesabamisad gaakontrolos konvenciis I, II da III danarTebSi<br />
Sesuli saxeobebis da maTi nimuSebiT saerTaSoriso <strong>vaWroba</strong>.<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> konvenciis ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebel erovnul administraciul<br />
organos warmoadgens saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis<br />
saministro (biomravalferovnebis dacvis samsaxuri). aseve Seqmnilia konvenciis<br />
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samecniero organo.<br />
CITES-is saxiT Seqmnilia gadaSenebis <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> veluri faunisa da<br />
floris <strong>saxeobebiT</strong>a da maTi derivatebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis makontrolirebeli<br />
da maregulirebeli msoflioSi aRiarebuli erTiani sistema. amave sistemiT<br />
xdeba CITES-is danarTebSi Setanili gadaSenebis <strong>safrTxis</strong> <strong>winaSe</strong> <strong>myofi</strong> veluri<br />
<strong>mcenareTa</strong> da cxovelTa saxeobebis ricxovnobis kontroli. konvenciiT mixedviT,<br />
saerTaSoriso <strong>vaWroba</strong> niSnavs CITES-is danarTebSi Setanili <strong>mcenareTa</strong> da cxovelTa<br />
saxeobebis an maTi nawilebis eqsports, reeqsports, imports da introduqcias<br />
zRvidan (saxelmwifoSi nebismieri iseTi saxeobis Setanas, romelic mopovebulia<br />
neitralur wylebSi). saerTaSoriso vaWrobis regulireba da kontroli<br />
xorcieldeba CITES–is nebarTvebisa da sertifikatebis saSualebiT, romelTa<br />
gareSec SeuZlebelia konvenciis danarTebSi arsebuli <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> da maTi nawilebiT<br />
saerTaSoriso <strong>vaWroba</strong>. konvenciis yvela monawile qveynisaTvis SemuSavebulia<br />
nebarTvis an sertifikatis standartuli forma. saerTaSoriso <strong>vaWroba</strong> SeiZleba<br />
ganxorcieldes ara marto komerciuli mizniT. nebarTvas an sertifikats aseve<br />
saWiroebs mcenaris an cxovelis eqsporti, importi da reeqsporti botanikuri<br />
baRebisa da zooparkebisaTvis, sacirko sanaxaobebisaTvis da gamofenebisaTvis,<br />
samecniero, saganmanaTleblo an piradi sargeblobis mizniT.<br />
`gadaSenebis piras <strong>myofi</strong> veluri faunisa da floris <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> saerTaSoriso<br />
vaWrobis Sesaxeb~ konvencias aqvs sami danarTi.<br />
I danarTi moicavs gadaSenebis piras myof saxeobebs, romlebiTac <strong>vaWroba</strong><br />
safrTxes uqmnis an SeiZleba Seuqmnas maT arsebobas. am <strong>saxeobebiT</strong>a da nimuSebiT<br />
<strong>vaWroba</strong> gansakuTrebiT mkacrad regulirdeba da nebadarTulia mxolod<br />
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi. I danarTis <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> komerciuli mizniT <strong>vaWroba</strong><br />
mkacrad akrZalulia.<br />
II danarTi moicavs saxeobebs, romelTac amJamad ar emuqrebaT gadaSenebis<br />
safrTxe, magram SesaZlebelia aRmoCndnen amgvari saSiSroebis <strong>winaSe</strong>, Tu <strong>vaWroba</strong><br />
am <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> da maTi nimuSebiT mkacrad ar iqneba daregulirebuli.<br />
III danarTi moicavs saxeobebs, romlebic konvenciis nebismieri mxaris gansazRvriT<br />
eqvemdebareba regulirebas eqspluataciis SezRudvis an acilebis mizniT<br />
misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi da romelTa mimarT aucilebelia sxva mxareTa<br />
TanamSromloba <strong>vaWroba</strong>ze kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad.<br />
konvenciis danarTebSi Setanilia katisebrTa ojaxis yvela saxeoba, daTvisebrTa<br />
ojaxis yvela saxeoba, spilos orive saxeoba (vaWrobis ZiriTad sagans warmoadgens<br />
splos Zvali da misgan damzadebli nakeTobebi), yvela TuTiyuSi, garda talRovani<br />
TuTiyuSebisa da karelebisa, zuTxisnairi Tevzebi (SezRudva exeba ara marto<br />
cocxal individebs, aramed maT xorcsa da xizilalas.) da a.S.<br />
konvenciiis I da II danarTSi Setanilia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> gavrcelebuli faunis 76 da<br />
floris 63 saxeoba.<br />
konvenciis danarTebSi Semavali saxeobebidan yvelaze didi odenobiT saqarTvelodan<br />
gadis TeTryvavilasa (Galanthus) da yoCivardas (Cyclamen) bolqvebi. am nedleuliT<br />
<strong>vaWroba</strong> kvlavac ar aris mowesrigebuli sakanonmdeblo doneze, rac rTul<br />
problemebs qmnis. gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis TeTryvavilas bolqvebiT <strong>vaWroba</strong>ze.<br />
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CITES samdivno saqarTvelos mxares uflebas aZlevs wliurad moaxdinos araumetes<br />
18 milioni bolqvis eqsporti. aqedan 16 milioni gadis TurqeTSi da Semdeg<br />
holandiaSi, 2 milioni ki pirdapir eqsportirdeba holandiaSi. TeTryvavilas<br />
bolqvebi ZiriTadad moipoveba aWaraSi. oficialuri informaciis mixedviT,<br />
mopoveba xdeba sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSi, romlebic ganlagebuli arian<br />
tyis pirebze. eqsportiorebi ibareben aseT savargulebSi mopovebul bolqvebs<br />
glexebisagan. sul ufro meti adamiani cdilobs am biznesSi damkvidrebas. amis<br />
gamo, eqsportis nebarTvaze moTxovna movaWreTa mxridan adis 40-50 mln bolqvze.<br />
mTlianad isini asaxeleben 500-mde nakveTs, sadac TiTqosda gamoyavT bolqvebi.<br />
garda amisa, arsebobs eWvi, rom saeqsporto bolqvebis mniSvnelovani nawils<br />
bunebaSi moipoveben glexebi da abareben eqsportior firmebs. 2004 wels garemosa<br />
da bunebrivi resursebis saministros imereTis regionaluri samsaxurisa da<br />
ekopoliciis mier dakavebuli iqna 40 tonamde ukanonod mopovebuli TeTryvavilas<br />
bolqvebiT datvirTuli manqana.<br />
CITES samdivno Tvlis, rom nakveTebi, saidanac eqsportiorebi iReben bolqvebs,<br />
ar SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc xelovnuri populacia da miaCnia, rom dRes<br />
daSvebul raodenobiT bolqvebis eqsporti (18 milioni) ar SeiZleba ar axdendes<br />
uaryofiT zegavlenas mcenaris populaciaze da saWiroa kvotis daweva 10-12<br />
milionamde. swored es garemoebaa, rom aCerebs gadaWarbebul mopovebas, Torem<br />
SesaZloa weliwadSi 100 milioni da meti bolqvic gaetanaT. menejmenti ufro<br />
efeqturi iqneboda, miRebuli rom yofiliyo CITES sakiTxebis maregulirebeli<br />
erovnuli kanonmdebloba. samwuxarod, licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb”<br />
saqarTvelos kanonis miRebisas ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli es sakiTxebi. saWiro<br />
gaxda damatebiT cvlilebebis Setana, Tumca esec ar aris sakmarisi.<br />
rogorc vnaxeT, rom ara saerTaSoriso institutebis, kerZod CITES-is gavlena,<br />
yoCivardasa da teTryvavilas populaciebs gadaSeneba daemuqrebodaT, rac Tavis<br />
mxriv vin icis ra cvlilebebs gamoiwvevda ekosistemaSi.<br />
amitom upriani iqneba, Tu saqarTvelo gamoiyenebs SesaZleblobas, romelsac aniWebs<br />
konvenciis wevroba da mezobel qveynebs CarTavs iSviaTi <strong>saxeobebiT</strong> vaWrobis<br />
monitoringSi. Cven migvaCnia, rom <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> uTxovaris SenarCunebisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania am saxeobis Setana veluri fauniTa da floriT saerTaSoriso<br />
vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciis, anu CITES-is mesame danarTSi. es saSualebas miscems<br />
Cvens qveyanas, miiRos informacia sxva qveynebis Sesabamisi samsaxurebisgan<br />
uTxovaris eqsportis Sesaxeb, rac xels Seuwyobs ukanono qmedebebze kontrolis<br />
ganxorcielebas. es ar gamoiwvevs aranair damatebiT xarjebs saxelmwifos mxridan<br />
da moiTxovs mxolod saministros keTil nebas.<br />
am mizniT Cvenma organizaciam wamoiwyo kampania. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi<br />
gaugzavnian werilebs saministros TxovniT, raTa moxdes am mcenaris Setana CITESis<br />
mesame danarTSi. garda lobirebisa, am kampanias meore mizanic aqvs: mosaxleobis<br />
ekologiuri cnobierebis amaRleba.<br />
SesaZlebelia CITES-is mesame danarTSi sxva saxeobebis Setanac, romlebzec didia<br />
savaWro moTxovna da amis gamo maT safrTxe emuqrebaT Cvens qveyanaSi. es SeiZleba<br />
iyos rogorc merqniani saxeobebi, rogorebicaa wabli, muxisa da nekerCxlis<br />
saxeobebi, ise cxovelebic, romlebic aralegaluri nadirobis obieqtebi arian da<br />
ar arian Setanili danarTebSi - aRmosavleT kavkasiuri jixvi Capra cylindricornis da<br />
dasavleT kavkasiuri jixvi Capra caucasica.<br />
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