ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti ...

avtoris stili daculiaivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetiklasikuri filologia da siZveleTmcodneobamaia daneliakavkasiuri Tematika da kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebivalerius flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxismosapoveblad warmodgenilid i s e r t a c i asamecniero xelmZRvaneli: sruli profesori rismag gordezianiTbilisi2011

sarCeviSesavali___________________________________________________________4I. tradicia da novatoroba_________________________________________121. flakusi da misi winamorbedebi____________________________________152. flakusi da apolonios rodoseli_________________________________233 axali koncefcia – iupiteris samyaros gegma ______________________ 484. epizodTa ganvrcobis zogierTi aspeqti_____________________________544.1 iasonis mSoblebis sikvdili____________________________________-544.2. hesiones ganTavisufleba_______________________________________-604.3. herkulesis mier promeTes ganTavisufleba_______________________-64II. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis ganvrcoba_________________-691. skviTebisa da kolxebis omi_______________________________________942. omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi pasaJisinterpretaciisaTvis ______________________________________________1052.1 gesanderi da iazigebis adaTi___________________________________1062.2. ariasmenusis danawevreba_______________________________________1122.3. stirusis sikvdili____________________________________________1153. kolxebis warmomavloba cunabula gentis Colchidos_______________________-1174. konfliqtSi monawile tomebi ____________________________________1224.1. Crd. SavizRvispireTis tomebi _________________________________-1244.2. sxvadasxva warmomavlobis Crdilo da das. SavizRvispireTistomebi _________________________________________________________1284.3. Crd. kavkasieli tomebi________________________________________-1324.4. kaspiispireTis tomebi_________________________________________-1354.5. aRmosavluri warmomavlobis tomebi ____________________________1364.6. flakusis mier gamogonili tomebi______________________________139III. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis klasifikacia____________1411. miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebi______________________1411.1. aqtiurad moqmedi figurebi_____________________________________1421.2. epizodurad moqmedi personaJebi _______________________________1621.3. naklebad aqtiuri figurebi_________________________________-___1662. naklebad cnobili personaJebi ___________________________________1673. miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnobi personaJebi __________________1732

3.1. statistebi __________________________________________________-1813.2. elementarulad eqsponirebuli personaJebi______________________-1843.3. meorexarisxovani personaJebi___________________________________194IV. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxeldebisprincipebi_________________________________________________________1981. lemnoseli personaJebis saxelebi__________________________________-1982. kizikieli personaJebis saxelebi___________________________________1993. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxelebi___________________-2023.1. e. w. metyveli saxelebi_________________________________________-2033.2. antikur avtorebTan dadasturebuli saxelebi____________________-2073.3. antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebulielementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi__________________________2133.4. Trakiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiTSeqmnili saxelebi________________________________________________-2143.5. skviTuri da Crd. SavizRvispireTis onomastikurielementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi__________________________-2153.6. winaaziuri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiTSeqmnili saxelebi________________________________________________-2193.7. sparsuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiTSeqmnili saxelebi________________________________________________-2213.8. egvipturi onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiTSeqmnili saxelebi________________________________________________-2223.9. induri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiTSeqmnili saxelebi________________________________________________-2233.10. frigiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiTSeqmnili saxelebi_________________________________________________2233.11. parTuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiTSeqmnili saxelebi________________________________________________-2233.12. kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebi__________________-224daskvna __________________________________________________________-230gamoyenebuli literatura________________________________________-234danarTi__________________________________________________________2443

Sesavaliantikur miTebsa da legendebs Soris Tavisi popularobiT damxatvruli damuSavebis intensivobiT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia argonavtebiscikli. mraval nawarmoebs Soris, romelic am ciklis literaturulinterpretacias eZRvneba, antikurobaSi Tavisi mniSvnelovaniadgili uWiravs valerius flakusis àrgonavtikas~. 1 marTalia, antikursamyaroSi ar dasturdeba am poemis didi popularoba, mas mxoloderTgzis moixseniebs kvintilianusi 2 (daaxl. ax. w. 95 w.), magram poemam aSkaradTavisi kvali datova evropuli literaturis istoriaSi.valerius flakusTan dakavSirebuli mravali sakiTxi iwvevs dResdavas mecnierebaSi. Cven SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom igi gardaicvalaax. w. 96 wlamde, 3 ekuTvnoda senatorTa wodebas da SediodaqurumTa kolegiaSi quindecimvir sacris faciundis 4 . kolegiis sxva danarCen wevrebTanerTad, romlebic apolonis msaxuri qurumebi iyvnen, masevaleboda sibilanuri wignebis dacva da ganmarteba; aseve am wignebSiaRnusxuli sxvadasxva sakulto ritualebze da ucxour kultebze zedamxedveloba.poemaSi SesaZloa gamovavlinoT ramdenime qronologiuriorientiri: ierusalimis aReba ax. w. 70 wels jer kidev vespasianusisdros, aseve aRsaniSnavia miniSneba vezuviusis amofrqvevaze, rac 79 w-is24 agvistos moxda (Val. Flacc. 4. 507-9, Sdr. 3. 208-9).poema, romlis prototipi aSkarad apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtika~unda iyos, moicavs rva simReras, Tumca merve wigni Cvenamde moRweuliaarasruli saxiT. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mecnierebi orTvalsazriss gamoTqvamen: an gangeb ar daasrula flakusma poema an vermoaswro misi dasruleba. 51 M. von Albrecht, Geschichte der römischen Literatur, München 1994 2 , 738-747; M. Fuhrmann, Geschichte derrömischen Literatur, Stuttgart 1999, 308-310.2kvintilianusi aRniSnavs: àxlaxan didi danaklisi ganicades valerius flakusisgardacvalebis gamo~ (Quint. 10, 1, 90).3 vinaidan kvintilianusi kesius basusis (Caesius Bassus) gardacvalebis Sesaxebac ambobs,rom es àxlaxan moxda~, Tumca igi ax. w. 79 w. gardaicvala, mkvlevarTa varaudiT,nakleb damajerebelia, rom flakusis sikvdili 90-ian wlebs ukavSirdebodes.4`TxuTmetTa kolegiis wevri, romelic wminda ritualebs asrulebs~: es varaudiefuZneba poemaSi mocemul informacias: Phoebe, mone, si Cumaeae mihi conscia vatis / stat castacortina domo, si laurea digna / fronte viret (1. 5-7).5 am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT vimsjelebT Cveni naSromis pirvel TavSi: tradicia danovatoroba.4

mokled poemis struqtura da Sinaarsi amgvaria:wigni I: poemis dasawyisSi flakusi Semweobas sTxovs apolons.moTxrobilia friqsusisa da heles ambavi. peliasi iasons kolxididansawmisis Camotanas avalebs. minervas SemweobiT ageben argos. iuno ixmobsgamorCeul vaJkacebs salaSqrod. pirveli Mmas herkulesi exmaureba, racqalRmerTis ukmayofilebas iwvevs. iasoni daiTanxmebs peliasis Zesakastuss, monawileoba miiRos laSqrobaSi. gamosamSvidobebel Rames orfevsimReris friqsusisa da heles Sesaxeb. iasoni emSvidobeba mSoblebs.qariSxals amSvidebs neptunusi da argonavtebi toveben iolkoss.wigni II: mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi curvis Semdeg argo miaRwevskunZul lemnoss. argonavtebs umaspinZleben lemnoseli qalebi, romel-Tac TavianTi qmrebi dauxocavT. miniebi manamde rCebian kunZulze, vidreherkulesi gzis gagrZelebisken ar mouwodebs maT. troasTan herkulesiaTavisuflebs hesiones. gzaSi argonavtebs hele gamoecxadebaT. maleisini moxvdebian mefe kizikusTan.wigni III: kizikusis kunZulidan gamgzavrebis Semdeg atexiliqariSxlis gamo argonavtebi, ise rom arc uwyian, isev mis samefoSigairiyebian. dolionebsa da argonavtebs Soris RamiT saSineli brZolaimarTeba. sisxlismRvreli Setakebis dros iRupeba mefe kizikusi. missamefos miniebi mxolod mogvianebiT cnoben. glovoben daRupulebs,micvalebulebs marxaven da ganwmendis ritualebs aRasruleben.dakarguli Tanamgzavris, hilasis saZebnelad wasul herkulessargonavtebi napirze toveben.wigni IV: wylis nimfas mier motacebuli hilasis naxva herkulessamSvidebs. igi axal davalebas iRebs: unda gaaTavisuflos promeTe.orfevsi umReris argonavtebs. Semdeg isini bebrikebis qveyanaSi moxvdebian.poluqsi maT mefes, amikuss krivSi amarcxebs. moTxrobilia iosSesaxeb, riTac ganmartebulia bosforosis saxelwodeba. Semdegi gaCerebaargonavtebs finevsTan eliT. boreasis vaJebi gandevnian harpiebs damisans saSineli frinvelebisagan aTavisufleben. madlierebis niSnadfinevsi winaswarmetyvelebas amcnobs da maT rCeva-darigebas aZlevs. argogaivlis simplegadebs da mariandinebis qveyanas miaRwevs.5

wigni V: argonavtebi did danakliss ganicdian. sicocxles esalmebamisani idmoni da mesaWe tifisi. sinopeSi argonavtebs sami axaliTanamgzavri Seemateba. miniebi Cadian kolxidaSi. iuno da minerva TaTbiroben.aietisaken mimavali iasoni Sexvdeba medeas, romelic RamiseulisizmrebiT aris SeSfoTebuli. kolxi qalwuli iasons aswavlissasaxlisken mimaval gzas. aRwerilia solis taZari, romelic mravaligamosaxulebiT aris Semkuli. aieti ucxoebs guliTadad iRebs, Tumca, masSemdeg, rac maTi mosvlis mizezs Seityobs, cdilobs, maT dabrkolebebiSeuqmnas. oqros sawmisis sanacvlod iasons sTxovs, Zmis winaaRmdeg omSidaexmaros. marsi, iupiteri da minerva bWoben, Tu vis dauWiron mxari.wigni VI: marsi miwaze eSveba. kolxidaSi Zmebs Soris omimimdinareobs. argonavtebi mefe aietis mxareze ibrZvian. iuno venusssTxovs Semweobas, medeas Seayvaros iasoni. iuno medeas qalkiopes saxiTevlineba da galavnidan masTan erTad adevnebs Tvals iasonis sagmirosaqmeebs brZolis velze.wigni VII: aieti iasons axal davalebas aZlevs. man undadaimorCilos cecxlismfrqveveli xarebi da daamarcxos miwidan aRmocenebulimeomrebi. iuno venuss agzavnis, romelic kirkes saxes miiRebs, damiuZRvis medeas iasonTan. medeas daxmarebiT iasoni aRasrulebs aietisdavalebas.wigni VIII: kolxi qalwulis SemweobiT iasoni moipovebs oqrossawmiss. argonavtebi medeasTan erTad iltvian kolxididan. absirtusissardlobiT kolxebi argonavtebs daedevnebian. kunZul pevkeze iasoni damedea iqorwineben. kolxebi iTxoven medeas ukan dabrunebas. iuno argonavtebskvlav exmareba da saSinel grigals gamoiwvevs. mdevarTa amalaSiimyofeba medeas xelismTxovneli albaneli stirusic, romelicqariSxlis gamo zRvaSi iRupeba. iasoni fiqrobs kolxebs gadasces medea.iasonisa da medeas dialogiT wydeba poema.Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi eWvs ar iwvevs is garemoeba, rom valeriusflakusi iTvaliswinebda rogorc berZnul, aseve romaul wyaroebs,maT Soris iseTebsac, romelnic ar amuSaveben argonavtikis cikls, razecufro qvemoT Sesabamis TavSi gveqneba msjeloba, Tumca ar aris erTiano-6

a Tavad am nawarmoebis mniSvnelobis, poeturi Rirsebebisa Tu mizandasaxulobissakiTxebze.valerius flakuss kiTxulobdnen da afasebdnen ukve antikur epoqaSi.sakmarisia, davasaxeloT iseTi avtorebi, rogorebic arian staciusi,silius italikusi, drakonciusi. flakusis poema citirebulia Sua saukuneebisflorilegiebSi. 6 mis Txzulebas icnobdnen XII-XIV ss-is cnobilimwerlebi: ioseb iskanusi, albertino musato, jefri Coseri, iuliusskaligeri. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom avtorTa damokidebuleba flakusisadmiar iyo erTgvarovani. Tuki mecnierTa erTi nawili (leonardobruni, karl biuxneri, vilamovic-molendorfi) 7 sakmaod kritikulad iyoganwyobili am poemis mimarT, ufro pozitiuri iyo skaligeri, 8 asevepeter burmani, eneas silvius pikolomini, rom araferi vTqvaT italielhumanistze jambatista pioze (daaxl. 1460-1540); man ara mxolod gamoscavalerius flakusis teqsti da Seadgina komentarebi, aramed dawera misivita da e. w. damateba, sadac, apolonios rodoselze dayrdnobiT, moTxrobiliaflakusis poemis savaraudo dasasruli (Bologna, H. de Benedictis1519). 9 Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneebidan usaTuod unda vaxsenoTmixael fon albrexti, romelic flakusis poemas èpikuri teqnikis~triumfad miiCnevs. 10zogierTi mecnieri poemis pozitiurad Sefasebis safuZvelze ufroSors midis da miiCnevs, rom valerius flakusis poemiT sruldebaantikurobaSi argonavtebis Tqmulebis damuSavebis daskvniTi etapi. 11 p.dregeri argonavtTa Tqmulebis damuSavebis oTx ZiriTad versias gamoyofs.pirobiTad, dayofis principi, am SemTxvevaSi, iTvaliswinebs Semdeggaremoebas, Tu kerZod romel RmerTs (an qalRmerTs) aqvs wamyvani funqcianawarmoebis siuJetis ganviTarebaSi. Sesabamisad, am princips,germaneli mecnieris gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba vuwodoT qeo;~ ai[tio~-is6 B. L. Ullman, Valerius Flaccus in the mediaeval Florilegia, CPh 26, 1931, 21-30; W. W. Ehlers, Untersuchungenzur handschriftlichen Überlieferung der Argonautica des C. Valerius Flaccus, Zetemata 52, München 1970, 108.7 U. v. Wilamowitz-Mölendorff, Hellenistische Dichtung II, Berlin 1924, 165.8 Julius Caesar Scaliger, Poetices libri septem. Ad Sylvium filium, Lyon 1561, 323.9 J. Rieker, Das Supplement des Johannes Baptista Pius Bononiensis zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus. Ratisomnia vincet, München 1998, 357-363.10 M. von Albrecht, Geschichte der römischen Literatur, München 1994 2 , 739.11 P. Dräger, Argo pasimelousa. Der Argonautenmythos in der griechischen und römischen Literatur, Palingenesia43, Stuttgart 1993, 6.7

principi. aqedan gamomdinare, homerosamdeli mwerlis mier damuSavebulipirveli versiis RerZs qmnida heras SiSi (ÆArcomenov" seqen, ÓHrh), kerZodis, rom peliass poseidonis kultis TayvaniscemiTa da gaZlierebiT arSeezRuda heras kulti. iasonis mimarT heras keTilganwyoba swored amiTiyo motivirebuli. meore versiaSi, pindarosis IV piTiur odaSi, wamyvanifunqcia eWira apolonis nebas (ÆArcomeno;" seu`, ÆAppovlwn); pindarosTansakmaod sruli saxiT aris gadmocemuli argonavtTa Tqmulebis epizodebi,magram ramdenadac oda kirenel gmirs, arkesilaoss eZRvneba,romelmac gaimarjva etliT srbolaSi Zv. w. 462 wels, Sesabamisad, miniebisTqmulebac qalaq kirenes daarsebis konteqstSi iyo moqceuli. mesameversiis, apolonios rodoselis epikuri nawarmoebis sayrdeni uzenaesiRmerTis, zevsis neba unda yofiliyo (ÆArcomeno;" seu`, Zeuv~). imis gamo, romfriqsosis mizeziT oqros sawmisi kolxidaSi aRmoCnda, zevss SeryvniladmiaCnda berZnuli adaT-wesebi. amdenad, miniebs marTebdaT oqros sawmisiskvlav eladaSi dabruneba, riTac kompensirdeboda warsulSi Cadenilimkrexeloba. meoTxe versiis, valerius flakusis eposis RerZswarmoadgenda iupiteris survili (Iuppiter, incipiens abs te), bolo moeRo adamianTaqveynad gamefebuli usaqmurobisaTvis. Sesabamisad, eposSi valeriusflakusi romaelTa msoflio batonebad qcevis ideas aviTarebs.rodesac argonavtTa Tqmulebis versiebze vsaubrobT, undagaviTvaliswinoT, Tu romel epoqas miekuTvneba esa Tu is konkretulimwerali, romelic argonavtebis miTis damuSavebas kidebs xels. erTimxriv, igi SezRudulia tradiciulad cnobili miTiT, meore mxriv,Tanadrouli tendenciebiT, romlebic Tavisda uneburad poulobenasaxvas mxatvrulad damuSavebul poetur qmnilebebSi. Sesabamisad, esaTu is mwerali Tavs uflebas aZlevs, met-naklebad Tavisufali iyosTemis interpretaciisas, Tumca, mainc garkveulwilad SezRudulia, radganradikalurad ver daSordeba tradiciul Tqmulebas. am sakiTxTandakavSirebiT savsebiT viziarebT r. gordezianis mier gamoTqmulTvalsazriss: `faqtobrivad, ufro sxvadasxva epoqis mweralTa mier miTisaqtualizebis doneebTan gvaqvs saqme, vidre argonavtikis, rogorc tradiciulambavTa sistemis, versiebTan. am TvalsazrisiT, yoveli mxatvruli8

nawarmoebi, romelic miniebis Tqmulebis damuSavebas isaxavda miznad,faqtobrivad, miTis ramdenadme axal versias SemogvTavazebda~. 12savsebiT aSkaraa, rom poema ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT misi Seqmnisepoqisgan mowyvetiT, rogorc droidan da sivrcidan amovardnili poeturinawarmoebi. ufro metic, flakusi araerTgzis migvaniSnebs imrealobebsa Tu orientirebze, romlebic sakmaod daSorebulni ariangmirTa saukunes da argonavtebis legendarul epoqas. samoqalaqo omebi,vezuviusis amofrqveva Tavis anabeWds tovebs flakusis poemaze. igigatacebiT aRwers tiranebis qedmaRlobas, qveSevrdomTa SiSs, sasikvdilodganwirulTa siamayes, sastiki tiranis gardacvalebis SedegadSeqmnili mZime wnexisagan ganTavisuflebis SegrZnebas.am TvalsazrisiT valerius flakusis poema Zireulad gansxvavdebaapolonios rodoselis poemisagan, romelSic ar gvaqvs amgvari miniSnebebimis Tanamedrove Tu winamorbed istoriul pirebsa Tu movlenebze.Sesabamisad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom valerius flakusis poema gacilebiTufro ideologizebulia, vidre apolonios rodoselisa. es gamoixateba,garda CamoTvlili faqtorebisa, aseve religiis sakmaod mniSvnelovaniroliT am poemaSi da iupiterze orientirebuli ideologiiT.Sesabamisad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom valerius flakusi axdens tradiciulimiTologiuri informaciis sruliad Segnebul aqtualizacias da, faqtobrivad,argonavtebis Temas ayenebs romauli imperiis interesebis samsaxurSi.rogorc Cans, misi poema exmianeba romaelTa gazrdil interessaRmosavleTis qveynebisa da maT Soris aRm. SavizRvispireTis regionismimarT, rac gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri xdeba miTridatesis omebisa dapompeusis laSqrobebis Semdeg. apianosis gadmocemiT, pompeiusi imdenadiyo dainteresebuli argonavtebis TqmulebiT, rom Tavi mianeba miTridatesisdevnas da miniebis nakvalevis monaxulebas Seudga: Ð d Pomp»ioj aÙtÕneÙqÝj m n pˆ tÍ fugÍ mšcri KÒlcwn d…wxe, met¦ d toÝj KÒlcouj oÙdamoà dÒxajaÙtÕn oÜte tÕn PÒnton oÜte t¾n Maiètida l…mnhn perieleÚsesqai oÙd meg£loij œtipr£gmasin gceir»sein kpesÒnta, toÝj KÒlcouj pÇei kaq' ƒstor…an tÁj 'Argonautînkaˆ DioskoÚrwn kaˆ `Hraklšouj pidhm…aj, tÕ p£qoj m£lista „de‹n qšlwn, Ö Promhqe‹fasi genšsqai perˆ tÕ KaÚkason Ôroj. crusoforoàsi d' k toà Kauk£sou phgaˆ pollaˆ12 r. gordeziani, argonavtebi. berZnuli miTebis samyaro, Tbilisi 1999, 136.9

yÁgma ¢fanšj· kaˆ oƒ per…oikoi, kódia tiqšntej j tÕ ·eàma baqÚmalla, tÕ yÁgmaniscÒmenon aÙto‹j klšgousi. kaˆ toioàton Ãn ‡swj kaˆ tÕ crusÒmallon A„»tou dšroj.tÕn oân Pomp»ion pˆ tÍ ƒstor…v ¢niÒnta oƒ m n ¥lloi paršpempon, Ósa œqnh ge…tona(Ap. Mithr. 13). 13 aqedan gamomdinare, valerius flakusisaTvis tradiciuligmirebi da simboloebi ramdenadme axal mniSvnelobas iZenen da cnobilsiuJetur elementebs axal azrs aniWeben. es flakusTanac SeigrZnoba:misTvis oqros sawmisi imdenad mniSvnelovani ar aris, ramdenadacsazRvao gzis gaxsna; unda aRiniSnos, rom amis xarjze poemaSi icvlebaaqcentebi da poeturi brwyinvalebac ki im partiebisa, romelicapoloniosTan ase gvxiblavs. rasakvirvelia, am viTarebaSi valeriusflakusisaTvis SeumCneveli ar rCeba is, rom apolonios rodoselTaniasoni erTgvarad antigmiris elfers atarebs, radgan, faqtobrivad, misiyvela sagmiro saqme sxvisi daxmarebiT aResruleba; poeti cdilobs, masgmiris statusi daubrunos. amisaTvis, bunebrivia, igi ver daisaxavdamiznad apolonios rodoselTan gadmocemuli siuJeturi elementebismkveTrad Secvlas; mas esaWiroeboda axali epizodebis Semotana; aseveapolonios rodoselis paTosis, rac SeiZleba mecnieruli sizustiTaRewera argonavtebis marSruti, ramdenadme ganeleba. amisaTvis valeriusflakuss kolxidis epizodSi, iq, sadac mTliani ZaliT unda moxdesiasonis gmirobis eqsponireba, Semoaqvs vrceli ambavi kolxidaSiwarmoebuli e. w. samoqalaqo omisa. bunebrivia, am omis CarTvasesaWiroeboda Sesabamisi anturaJi sxvadasxva gmiris da siuJeturielementisa. es ki svams kiTxvas, ra asazrdoebda aseT SemTxvevaSivalerius flakusis fantazias: garkveuli realobebi Tu mxolodwarmosaxvis TamaSi.Tuki valerius flakusTan dakavSirebuli problematikis kvlevasmsoflio klasikur filologiaSi sakmaod did yuradRebas aqceven, qar-Tul mecnierebaSi am mimarTulebiT SedarebiT naklebi interesi SeiniS-13`pompeiusma mswrafl misdia miTridatess, gaqceuls, kolxebamde, xolo kolxebisSemdeg ki ifiqra, rom igi verc pontoss Semouvlis da verc meotisis tbas da gaZevebulsarc didi saqmeebis wamowyeba SeeZlebao. Semdeg man moiara argonavtTa Tqmulebiskolxebi. dioskurebisa da herakles aq yofnis ambebis Sesatyobad da gansakuTrebiT kiundoda enaxa tanjvis adgilebi, radgan ambobdnen, promeTe kavkasionis mTaze iyomijaWvulio. kavkasionidan momdinare mraval nakaduls uCinari oqros qviSa Camoaqvs.adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi mdinareSi sqelmatylian cxvris tyavebs aTavseben da agrovebenqviSas, romelic am tyavebze rCeba. albaT, amgvarive iyo aietis oqros sawmisic~.10

neba. aq unda aRvniSnoT akaki uruSaZis naSromi `Zveli kolxeTi argonavtebisTqmulebaSi~. enciklopediaSi Caucasus antiquus warmodgenilia kavkasiasTandakavSirebuli flakusis mniSvnelovani cnobebi. sakmaod didiadgili uWiravs misi Semoqmedebis Seswavlas c. gigauris kvlevebSi. CveniazriT, qarTvel mecnierTa naSromebSi naklebi yuradReba eqceva imas, Tura principebiT axdens valerius flakusi kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuliinformaciis saocar ganvrcobas da am mizniT axali siuJeturi elementis,kavkasieli tomis Tu personaJis Semoyvanas.Cveni naSromis mizania imis kvleva, Tu rogor axerxebs valeriusflakusi kavkasiaSi momxdar ambebs mianiWos istoriuli sandooba daSeqmnas e. w. fsevdo-istoria im movlenebisa, rasac argonavtebis ciklismoqmedebis manZilze unda hqonoda adgili.Sesabamisad, Cveni amocanaa, gamovikvlioT:1) mTeli is informacia, rac valerius flakusTan kavkasias,kavkasiel xalxebsa da personaJebs exeba, metwilad imaze yuradRebisgamaxvilebiT, rac mas apolonios rodoselisgan ganasxvavebs.2) rogoria poetis fantaziis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli informaciissandooba kavkasiisa da misi mezobeli tomebis eqsponirebisas.3) ra principiT Semohyavs valerius flakuss argonavtebis laSqrobasTandakavSirebuli miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnobi uamraviaxali gmiri da rogor axdens maT saxeldebas.11

I. tradicia da novatorobaantikur literaturaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs paradigmatulinawarmoebebis tradiciuli siuJetebis recipirebas. sakmarisia, gavixsenoT,rom klasikuri epoqis didi berZeni tragikosebi TavianT tragediebSiZalze xSirad amuSaveben ara marto erTsa da imave miTologiursiuJets, aramed warmatebiT iyeneben am siuJetTa mxatvruli realizaciiTgamorCeul dramebs, rogorc TavianTi nawarmoebis konstruirebisasgasaTvaliswinebel mxatvrul modelebs. am mxriv Zalze sainteresoaTviT romauli literaturis formirebis procesi, romelic, faqtobrivad,berZnuli prototipebis jer mibaZvis, xolo Semdeg ki Zalze warmatebuliSemoqmedebiTi aTvisebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda. swored didiberZnuli literaturis mimarT SemoqmedebiTma midgomam gaxadaSesaZlebeli, rom ukve Zv. w. I saukuneSi romaulma literaturam miaRwiagacilebiT ufro did simaRleebs, vidre es imave periodis berZnulliteraturaSi SeiniSneba. rasakvirvelia, mimarTebas berZnul literaturasTanhqonda erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli formebi. a. m., Tuki vergiliusiTavis èneidaSi~ sruliad sxva siuJetisaTvis erTdroulad homerosisorsave poemas exmianeba, senekas `medea~ aSkarad evripides imavesaxelwodebis tragediiT aris mTlianad STagonebuli, Tumca genialuriromaeli poeti, amis miuxedavad, axerxebs, Seqmnas Tavisi `medea~, romelsacmsoflio literaturisaTvis evripidesgan gansxvavebuli damoukidebeliRirebuleba aqvs. swored es aZlevs literaturaTmcodneebsSesaZleblobas, imsjelon senekas novatorobaze.rac Seexeba valerius flakuss, aq sruliad aSkaraa, rom misTvis e.w. amosaval models apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtika~ warmoadgens,magram, rasakvirvelia, Secdoma iqneboda, gvefiqra, rom flakusi mxolodam poemisgan miRebuli impulsebiT ifargleba da ar cdilobs, Seinar-Cunos sakuTari poeturi `Rirseba~. flakusis poemis mkvlevarT araerTgzisucdiaT, eCvenebinaT is, rom flakusi, SesaZloa, zogierT SemTxvevaSigacilebiT ufro met mimarTebas avlendes homerosTan, vergilius-Tan, ovidiusTan, vidre sakuTriv apolonios rodoselTan da, amasTanave,gvTavazobdes imgvari poeturi aRmafreniT Seqmnil araerT partias,romelic mas warmogvidgens rogorc sakmaod individualur, maRali12

donis poets. rasakvirvelia, rodesac mkvlevarebi msjeloben flakusisnovatorobaze, maT, upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi aqvT is momentebi,riTac flakusi hgavs apolonios rodosels an gansxvavdeba misgan.Cveni azriT, rodesac vmsjelobT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aristradiciuli da ra novatoruli flakusTan, aucilebelia ori planisgamoyofa: erTi – misi mimarTeba mTel antikur literaturasTan, romelicmas SeeZlo gaeTvaliswinebina, da meore – sakuTriv apolonios rodoselTan.gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa misi mimarTeba romael mwerlebTan,radgan faqtia, rom laTinur enaze Seqmnili originaluri poema, raodendavalebulic ar unda iyos igi Tavisi berZnuli prototipisgan, iZulebuliiqneba enis, heqsametris gamoyenebis, axali formativebis Tu kompozitebisSeqmnis da a. S. procesSi ufro metad gaiTvaliswinos romauliliteratura. swored amitom, vfiqrobT, umjobesi iqneba, mimarTebaflakusis winamorbedebTan da mimarTeba saxeldobr apolonios rodoselTanerTmaneTisgan ramdenadme gamijnulad ganvixiloT.magram vidre amas gavakeTebdeT, Zalze mokled gadavavloT Tvaliargonavtikis Temis romaul literaturaSi damuSavebis tradicias. amTemis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebaSi vgulisxmobT romauli literaturisflakusamdel periods, sadac SegviZlia gamovyoT ori etapi: pirveli –rodesac romaeli mwerlebi ZiriTadad Targmnian argonavtebis ciklisdamamuSavebel nawarmoebebs da meore – rodesac iwyeba ukve am Temis SemoqmedebiTadaTvisebis periodi da amis safuZvelze originaluri laTinuripoeturi nawarmoebebis Seqmna.rogorc aRvniSneT, pirvel etapze ZiriTadad xdeboda berZnuliprototipebis `Targmna~. argonavtebis ciklidan romaeli dramaturgebisaTvisgansakuTrebiT mimzidveli aRmoCnda medeas ambavi da, miuxedavadimisa, rom amosaval models maTTvis evripides `medea~ warmoadgenda, maTTavianT tragediebs romauli elferi SesZines. pirveli romaeli mwerali,romelmac evripides `medea~ gadmoakeTa laTinur enaze, iyo kvintuseniusi (Zv. w. 239-169). cnobas imis Sesaxeb, rom eniusis tragedia berZnuliprototipis sityvasityviT Targmans warmoadgenda, ukve ciceronTanvxvdebiT. miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos is Tavisufalidamokidebuleba, rasac respublikis epoqis mwerlebi zogadad avlenen13

erZnuli winamorbedebis qmnilebebTan damokidebulebaSi. amas cxadyofslucius akciusis (Zv. w. 170-80) `medea~, sadac garkveulwilad asaxva povagrakxusebis, mariusisa da sulas drois gamoZaxilma: `politikuri elementida intriga. samoqalaqo areuloba, ajanyeba, marcxi, kvlav aRzeveba,mefeTa da tiranebis mkvleloba, uzurpatorebis dasja, mxareTa SorisbrZola~ 14 – yvelaferi es mis tragedias udavod romaul elfers sZens.Zv. w. I s-is satirikossa da epikoss, varon atacinuss laTinurad gadmoukeTebiaapolonios rodoselis àrgonavtika~, 15 rasac, mcireodeninawyvetebis garda, Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. 16argonavtebis Tqmulebis SemoqmedebiTad damuSavebis etapi romaulliteraturaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom avgustusis epoqidan iwyeba, rasaccxadyofs ovidiusis (Zv. w. 43 – ax. w. 18) Semoqmedeba. mis `metamorfozebSi~mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs argonavtebis Tqmulebis mxatvrulinterpretacias. berZnul originalze dayrdnobiT masve Seuqmniatragedia `medea~, romlisganac mxolod fragmentebi SemogvrCa. yvelazevrclad argonavtebis Tqmulebis calkeuli siuJeti gadmocemuli aqvsromael miTografoss – higinuss `fabulebSi~, sadac Tavmoyrilia argonavtebislaSqrobamdeli ambebi, TviT laSqroba da medeasa da iasonisTavgadasavali korinTosSi. am TvalsazrisiT aseve sainteresoa pliniusufrosis (ax. w. 23-79) enciklopediuri naSromi Historia naturalis, sadacvxvdebiT Tqmulebis calkeul siuJetur elements, damowmebulia esa Tuis personaJi, geografiuli punqti. calke unda gamovyoT Cvenamde srulisaxiT moRweuli senekas (ax. w. 1-65) tragedia `medea~, romelsac, rogorcukve aRvniSneT, medeas saxis mxatvruli interpretaciis TvalsazrisiTgansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs msoflio literaturaSi. argonavtebisTemis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebis procesi grZeldeba valerius flakusTan,romelic axerxebs winamorbedis, apolonios rodoselisagan damoukidebelimxatvruli Rirebuleba SesZinos Tavis àrgonavtikas~.14 O. Ribbek, Die römische Tragödie im Zeitalter der Republik, Leipzig 1875, 602.15 P. L. Schmidt, V. Terentius, P. (Atacinus), DNP12/1 Enzyklopädie der Antike, Stuttgart, Weimar 2002, 1144-1145; M. Schanz, C. Hosius, R. Herzog, P. L. Schmidt, K. Sallmann, Geschichte der römischen Literatur, Bd. 1.1927, 312. Einleitung in die griechische Philologie, H.-G. Nesselrath (Hrsg.), , Leipzig 1997, 259; c. gigauri,valerius flakusis àrgonavtika~ da cnobebi kolxeTis Sesaxeb, sak. dis. Tbilisi 1969.16 Quint. 10, 1, 87; Ovid. Amor. 1, 15, 21.14

Sesabamisad, valerius flakuss Tvalwin hqonda ara martoapolonios rodoselis àrgonavtika~, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi tradiciaam Tqmulebis Tu masTan dakavSirebuli berZnuli nawarmoebebis recipirebisalaTinur literaturaSi. swored amitom, Cven SevecdebiT,yuradReba gavamaxviloT flakusis araerT wyaroze, romelsac SeeZlomasze garkveuli gavlena moexdina da, meore mxriv, apolonios rodoselze,romlis scenarsac is arsebiTad mihyveba; Semdgom etapze ganvixilavTflakusis axal koncefcias, rasac pirobiTad SegviZlia vuwodoTìupiteris samyaros gegma~. aseve TvalsaCinoebisaTvis ganvixilavTramdenime epizods, sadac ikveTeba flakusis novatoruli midgoma – naklebadcnobili da erTi SexedviT umniSvnelo siuJeturi elementisganvrcobiT Seqmnas epizodi, romelic udavod mis poetur ostatobazemetyvelebs.1. flakusi da misi winamorbedebiTuki davukvirdebiT flakusis mimarTebas ama Tu im avtorTan, romelicSesaZloa garkveulwilad misi inspiraciis wyaro gamxdariyo, SegviZliavTqvaT, rom igi sakmaod kargad icnobs mTel winamaval literaturultradicias, a. m., igi mimarTebas gviCvenebs homerosTan, vergiliusTan,ovidiusTan, senekasTan, lukanusTan. rodesac esa Tu is mwerali cnobilda ukve mravalgzis damuSavebul Temas kidebs xels, mis winaSe yovel-Tvis dgas gamowveva, aRematebodes Tavis e. w. models gamomsaxvelobisZaliT, aqcentebis dasmiT, gansxvavebuli Txrobis perspeqtivis SeqmniT,gmirTa moqmedebis motivaciebis SecvliT, individualuri stilisturixerxebis da Taviseburi metruli sazomebis gamoyenebiT. Sesabamisad, manise unda daamuSavos Tema, rom ara marto warmodgenili istoria Tucalkeuli epizodi iyos saintereso, aramed TviT warmodgenis stili damanera. amdenad, cnebebs imitatio da aemulatio didi mniSvneloba aqvs berZnulida romauli literaturis TviTmyofadobis gagebisaTvis. Tu aemulatioe. w. misabaZi modelis brmad gadmoRebas aRniSnavs, sakmaod farToaimitatio-s gageba. aq daveyrdnobiT mkvlevar ursula koidelis sqemas, romelsacis imitaciis arsis gansazRvrisas gvTavazobs Tavis klavdianusiskomentarebSi: `gauTviTcnobierebeli ganzraxviT nimuSis gamoyeneba aris15

eminiscencia, wyaros gamoyeneba gansazRvruli ganzraxviT an magaliTadinterpretaciiT aris miniSneba, xolo kreatiuli formacvaleba arisdamuSaveba~. 17 rasakvirvelia, flakusis poema damokidebulialiteraturul tradiciaze, romelic mas win uswrebda, rogorc siuJeturielementebis, aseve enobrivi formebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca, CvenSevecdebiT warmovadginoT, rom is, rac erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogve-Cvenos masTan mibaZvad, umeteswilad SemoqmedebiTi interpretaciis maRalxarisxs gviCvenebs. Tavdapirvelad sakmaod mokled Tvali gavadevnoT imarsebiT mimarTebebs, rasac flakusi Tavis winamorbed avtorebTanavlens.rodesac homerosTan flakusis mimarTebaze vmsjelobT, pirvelrigSi vgulisxmobT msgavsi motivebis, siuJeturi elementebis da asevestruqturuli paralelebis arsebobas, aseve mTel rig Sesatyvisobebspoeturi enis doneze. Tumca, bunebrivia, ramdenadac flakusi laTinuradqmnis Tavis poemas, enobriv doneze yvelaze met mimarTebas vergiliusTangviCvenebs, romelic, Tavis mxriv, homerosisgan aris inspirirebuli, aserom saqme gvaqvs garemoebasTan, rasac mecnierebaSi moixsenieben terminiT:imitatio Virgiliana Homeri. es paradigma garkveulwilad modeli gaxda vergiliusisSemdgomdroindeli mwerlebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki maTTvis,vinc nawarmoebebs eposis JanrSi qmnida. magaliTisaTvis sakmarisia aRvni-SnoT, rom omis amsaxveli scenebis aRwerisas flakusisaTvis amosavalswarmoadgens èneida~ (VII da X wignebi), aristiebis `tipur scenebs~,romlebic uxvadaa warmodgenili aietsa da persess Soris gamarTuliomis amsaxvel epizodSi, safuZvlad udavod ìliadis~ e. w. `diomedia~udevs, ramac Tavis mxriv gavlena moaxdina èneidis~ avtorze (X da XIIwignebi). SeiZleba iTqvas, es principi imdenad universaluria, rom aramarto flakusTan, aramed sxva mwerlebTanac poulobs asaxvas; a. m.,smolenaarsi valeriusis àrgonavtikis~ VI wignis da staciusis `Tebaisis~VII wignis aristiebis èneidasTan~ da ìliadasTan~ SepirispirebiTcdilobs, dagvanaxos, rom struqturulad flakusic da staciusic17 U. Keudel, Poetische Vorläufer und Vorbilder in Claudians De consulatu Stilichonis. Imitationskommentar,Hypomnemata 26, Göttingen 1970, 17ff.16

vergiliuss eyrdnobian, vergiliusi ki Tavis mxriv homeross. 18 berZenepikosTan mimarTebas gviCvenebs aseve flakusiseuli e. w. ormagikatalogis agebis principi, gmirebis daTvaliereba e. w. teiqoskopia, kriv-Si Sejibris scenebi (Il. XXIII 685-699). intensiurad aris Semosuli flakusTantroas Tema, aq vgulisxmobT herkulesis rolis gaZlierebas damisi saxis gansakuTrebul intensifikacias. amisaTvis flakusi apoloniosrodoselisgan gansxvavebiT sruliad axal epizodsac ki rTavs poemaSi,herkulesis mier laomedonis asulis, hesiones ganTavisuflebas. ramdenadacam epizods mniSvnelovani datvirTva aqvs flakusis poemaSi, maszeqvemoT gveqneba msjeloba.is, rom vergiliusma gansakuTrebuli gavlena iqonia misSemdgomdroindel romael mwerlebze da, mas, garkveulwilad, amosavalmodelad iyenebdnen, araerTgzis aRniSnula. 19 gamonakliss arc flaviusisepoqis mwerlebi warmoadgenen. 20 mecnierebaSi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiTspecialuri terminic ki damkvidrda ìnterpretatio Virgiliana~. 21 flakusisvergiliusTan mimarTebisas ori plani ikveTeba: Tu erT SemTxvevaSiflakuss gadmoaqvs vergiliusiseuli siuJeturi elementi da inarCunebsgamomxatvelobiT formasa da Sinaarss, sxva SemTxvevaSi masTan amosavalimodeli Secvlilia, dakavSirebulia sxva konteqstTan da axali suliTaris STagonebuli, rig SemTxvevaSi ki isea akumulirebuli datransformirebuli, rom vergiliusis SemoqmedebaSi gauTviTcnobierebelimkiTxvelisaTvis konteqsti SesaZloa gaugebari iyos. igi garkveulwiladeyrdnoba vergiliuss dawyebuli eposis struqturis agebis principiTdamTavrebuli leqsikuri formativebis da gamoTqma-formulebis gamoyenebiT.vergiliuss surs Tavis poemaSi gaaerTianos e. w. ìliadisa~ daòdiseas~ Tema, Tumca vergiliusis poema Tvisobrivad mkveTrad gansxvave-18 J. J. L. Smolenaars, Quellen und Rezeption. Die Verarbeitung homerischer Motive bei Valerius Flaccus undStatius, Ratis omnia vincet. Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hildesheim, Zürich, NewYork 1991, 57-69.19 I. Greiff, De G. Valeri Flacci Argonauticis cum Vergili Maronis Aeneide comparatis. Gymnasialprogramm, Trient1869; A. Grüneberg, de Valerio Flacco imitatore, Diss. Berlin 1893; H. Stroh, Studies zu Valerius, besonders überdessen Verhältnis zu Vergil, Gymnasialprogramm, Augsburg 1905; R. Nordera, I virgilianismi in Valerio Flacco.Contributo a uno studio della lingua epica nell'età imperiale, in: R. Nordera, T. Bertotti, L. Bezzi, E. Pianezzola, A.Lunelli. Contributi a tre poeti latini (Valerio Flacco, Rutilio Namaziano, Pascoli), Bologna 1969, 1-92.20 P. Hardie, Flavian Epicists on Vergil's Epic Technique, in A. J. Boyle (ed.), The Imperial Muse. Ramus Essays onRoman Literature of the Empire: Flavian Epicists to Claudian, Bendigo 1990, 3-20.21 P. Hardie, The Epic Successors of Vergil. A Study in the Dynamics of a Tradition, Cambridge 1993, 118.17

ulia homerosis poemaTagan. homerosis poemebSi miTologiuri siuJetiagadmocemuli, èneidaSi~ miTi TanamedroveobasTan aris Serwymuli. vergiliusismsgavsad flakusis poemac ori informaciuli planisgaerTianebas warmoadgens: mogzauroba da sagmiro saqmeebis eqsponireba.Tu vergiliusis mizani aris imis Cveneba, rom romis, msoflios uZlieresiqalaqis, daarseba RmerTTa nebiT ganxorcielda, rom italielTawinaprebi, elinTa msgavsad, uZvelesi tomebi iyvnen, rom uzenaesTa gadawyvetilebisTanaxmad, troelTa erTi nawili damkvidrda italiaSi, Tavis`pirvel samSobloSi~, am ideas exmianeba flakusic Tavis poemaSi, misiazriT, troa ukeTesi qalaqi unda gaxdes, da masTan msoflios marTvissadaveebs axali xalxi [igulisxmebian romaelebi] igdebs xelSi et genusAeneadum et Troiae melioris honores (Val. Flacc. 2. 573). poemaSi es aspeqti mxatvruladaris gadmocemuli iupiteris samyaros gegmaSi, flakusis am axalkoncefciaze specialur qveTavSi gveqneba msjeloba. TvalsaCinoebisaTvisSegviZlia moviyvanoT scenebi, sadac aSkarad ikveTeba vergiliusis gavlena:didosa da eneasis da medeasa da iasonis ambebi, evandres gamosam-Svidobebeli sityva palasisadmi (Aen. VIII 560-583) SegviZlia SevadaroTesonis sityvas iasonisadmi (Val. Flacc. 1. 336-347), erTi mxriv, italTakatalogi (Aen. VII 641-817) da, meore mxriv, argonavtTa katalogi (Val.Flacc. 1. 353-483), aseve msgavsebas gviCvenebs mgzavrobis dasawyisisTanavezRvaze amtydari qariSxlis scena (Aen. 1. 124ff.) / (Val. Flacc. 1. 640ff.). calkeulipasaJebis lingvisturi analizisas vlindeba formula-gamonaTqvamebisTanxvedrebic, flakusis heqsametrul sazoms mTel rig SemTxvevebSi,gansakuTrebiT striqonebis dasawyissa da dasasruls, vergiliusiseulielferi dahkravs; dasturdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac heqsametrulistriqonis nawili ucvleli saxiT aris gadmotanili. valeriusi arsadar warmogvidgeba rogorc brma mimbaZveli. zogierTi mecnieri miiCnevs,rom vergiliusis msgavsad valerius flakusma Seqmna Tavisi sakuTariena. marTalia, igi iTvaliswinebs winamorbedebis miRwevebs, Tumcavergiliuss baZavs imaSic, rom Seqmnas axali stili, gabedulad miudgesenobriv formebs, rac aisaxeba axali formebis ZiebaSi. aqedangamomdinare, Tavisuflad SeiZleba vimsjeloT im garemoebaze, rac misaxal stils gansazRvravs: 1. axali sintaqsuri konstruqciebi. 2. sityve-18

is axali mniSvneloba, rac flakusamdel literaturul tradiciaSi ardasturdeba. 3. sityvebis semantikuri ambivalentoba.Sesabamisad, misi imitaciis teqnika SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT terminiTvariacia. maTias korni amikusis pasaJis lingvisturi analizis Sedegadmidis im daskvnamde, rom igi inspirirebulia èneidis~ erT-erTi pasaJiT(5.446), sadac gadmocemulia krivis amsaxveli scena daressa da entelussSoris. mecnieri aq variaciis sam saxeobas ayalibebs: 1. erTi leqsikuriformativis sxva sityviT Canacvleba: in ventum Secvlilia sityviT nubibus(4.273), riTac aqcentirebulia amikusis mzardi sibraze. 2. saTqmelisintensifikacia damatebiTi leqsikuri formativebis meSveobiT: vergiliusisneitraluri vires Secvlilia emociurad datvirTuli leqsikuriformativebiT iras da ardorem (4.273-274). 3. konteqstidan gamomdinare sityvisTvissxva mniSvnelobis miniWeba:L effundere-s (4.273) aq aqvs ara abicere-s anperdere-s gageba, rogorc vergiliusTan, aramed dakavSirebulia risxvasTaniras effundere, da amdenad am konkretul SemTxvevaSi sul sxva datvirTvaeniWeba. 22 xSirad flakusis Sesaxeb amboben, rom rTuli ena aqvs da rigSemTxvevaSi azri ise bundovania, rom gaugebaria, avtors risi Tqmasurda. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis ganvixiloT erTi konkretuli magaliTi. 23venusi medeas saqorwinod uZRvnis Tavis òrmag~ gvirgvins da patiosanTvlebs, romelic Semdgom sxva patarZalze akiafdeba ipsa suam duplicemCytherea coronam / donat et arsuras alia cum virgine gemmas (8.235-36). azri gaugebariiqneba, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT vergiliusis poemidan pasaJs, romelic amadgils udevs safuZvlad; kerZod, èneidaSi~ eneasis mier didosTvismiZRvnil saCuqrebs Soris moixsenieba gvirgvini, romelic odesRacelenes ekuTvnoda: duplicem gemmis auroque coronam (1.655), anu oqrosa dapatiosani Tvlebisgan damzadebuli gvirgvini. ukve serviusma (Aen. 1.650-Tan dakavSirebiT) Seicno aq eneasisa da didos momaval xvedrzeminiSneba, rom eneasi da dido erTmaneTs daSordebodnen, ramdenadac22 M. Korn, Valerius Flaccus und Vergil. Das Verhältnis von Nachahmer und Meister in sprachlicher Hinsicht, Ratisomnia vincet. Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 49;F. Schimann, Valerius Flaccus und Vergil – interpretatio Virgiliana. Ratis omnia vincet. Neue Untersuchungen zuden Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, München 1998, 123-7.23 magaliTi mogvyavs frank SimanTan (ix. winamdebare sqolio) dasaxelebuli avtorissalemis mixedviT: C. Salemme, Medea. Un antico mito in Valerio Flacco, Napoli 1993, 81.19

gvirgvini adre ficisgamtex elenes ekuTvnoda. msgavsad, flakusicimedovnebs, rom sazogadoebas esmis vergiliusiseuli pasaJis simbolurobada SefarviTi miniSnebebiT winaswar miuTiTebs imaze, rom arciasonisa da medeas urTierTobas eqneba bednieri dasasruli. poeti ufrometad amZafrebs vergiliusis xatovan gamonaTqvams imiT, rom gemmae-sukavSirebs momavali drois mimReobas arsuras, anu miuTiTebs imaze, racmomavalSia mosalodneli, et kavSiriT gamoyofs corona-sgan da vergiliusisdarad aurum-is moxsenieba saerTod aRar sWirdeba. 24rodesac flakusis ovidiusTan da senekasTan mimarTebaze vmsjelobT,upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs medeas saxis mxatvruliinterpretacia. am procesSi maTi nawarmoebebi flakusisaTvis udavodSTagonebis wyaros warmoadgenda medeas saxis damuSavebisas. 25 TavdapirveladyuradReba SevaCeroT ovidiusze. flakusis medea mravalmxrivmimarTebebs gviCvenebs, erTi mxriv, `heroidebis~ VI da XII werilebis da,meore mxriv, `metamorfozebis~ medeasTan, iseve rogorc tragedia`medeaSi~ warmodgenil saxesTan, romelmac Cvenamde umniSvnelo fragmentebissaxiT moaRwia. ovidiusis medea winaaRmdegobrivi grZnobebiT arissavse, igi sakmaod racionalisturad udgeba sakiTxs, Tumca racionalurobidansakuTar TavTan saubarSi iracionalurobamdec ki midis. flakusismedeac endoba Tavis ratio-s, Tumca, Tu ovidiusis medea TviTanalizseweva, flakusTan igi saTqmels ambobs, analizis gakeTebis SesaZleblobaski mTxrobels utovebs. amitomac flakusTan monologebs ufrogansxvavebuli datvirTva aqvs, vidre ovidiusTan. 26 is, rac saerToaovidiusisa da flakusis medeasaTvis, aris remedium amoris Zebna, rac ovidiusamdelimedeasaTvis ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli. a. m., flakusisàrgonavtikis~ VII wignSi medea sayvedurobs kirkes saxiT movlenilvenuss, rom araferi kurnavs vnebis cecxls: sed magis his miseram, quando potes,eripe curis / unde metus aestusque mihi quaeque aspera, mater, / perpetior dubiae iamdudumincendia mentis (Val. Flacc. 7. 241-243), es adgili Seesatyviseba pasaJs `heroide-24 f. Simani Tavis statiaSi sxva mraval saintereso magaliTsa da paralels gvTavazobs.25 S. Wetzel, Die Gestalt der Medea bei Valerius Flaccus, Diss. Kiel 1957; U. Eigler, Monologische Redeformen beiValerius Flaccus, Frankfurt a. M. 1988.26 monologebTan dakavSirebiT ix.: U. Auhagen, Medea zwischen Ratio und Ratlosigkeit, ROV III,München 2004, 91-102.20

is~ XII werilidan, sadac medea Civis, rom siyvarulis cecxls veranairijadosnuri saSualeba aqrobs: quaeque feros pepuli doctis medicatibus ignes, / nonvaleo flammas effugere ipsa meas. (Ov. her. 12, 165ff). 27 flakusTan hesiones ganTavisuflebisepizodi struqturul msgavsebas avlens `metamorfozebis~persevsisa da andromedas ambavTan (Met. 4,663-764). 28 ovidiusTan, flakusismsgavsad, SeiniSneba interesi kavkasiaze arsebuli Tqmulebebisadmi, misTxzulebebSi mravali sayuradRebo cnobaa daculi kolxuri garemosSesaxeb, rac, albaT, imiTac aixsneba, rom poeti oqtavianus avgustusisbrZanebiT Savi zRvis sanapiroze iyo gadasaxlebuli. 29 sayuradReboaisic, rom ovidiusis Semoqmedeba mniSvnelovani wyaroa flakusisaTvisTavisi gamogonili personaJebisaTvis saxeldebis procesSic.vergiliusisa da ovidiusis gverdiT mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravsflakusTan senekas `medeas~ recipirebis sakiTxs. 30 jer kidev f. memeliaRniSnavda, rom valeriusis gamomsaxvelobiTi manera davalebuliasenekas dramebisgan; 31 a. m., sakmarisia TvalsaCinoebisaTvis ramdenimeadgili moviyvanoT: (Val. Flacc. 1. 76 / (Ps.) Sen. Herc. Oet. 623; Val. Flacc. 1. 205 / Sen.Oed. 315; Val. Flacc. 4. 51, 51 / Sen. Tro. 419; Val. Flacc. 4. 163ff / Sen. Oed. 613ff.). gansakuTrebulmimarTebas gviCvenebs senekas `medeasTan~ flakusis àrgonavtikis~mexuTe (5. 231-277) da merve wignebSi gadmocemuli gmirTa motivaciebi(8. 414-446). udavod, rodesac flakusis àrgonavtikas~ vkiTxulobT, gviCndebaSegrZneba, rom medeas da aietis saxeebis interpretaciisas flakusimniSvnelovanwilad aris senekasgan davalebuli. 32 es, upirveles yovlisa,exeba kolxidaSi omis epizodis CarTvas, rac flakuss saSualebasaZlevs, jer erTi: warmoaCinos iasonis siqvele, raTa medeam esonidi dainaxosuSualod sagmiro saqmis Cadenis procesSi da, meore: aieti eqsponi-27 sxva mravali paralelis Sesaxeb ix.: F. Bessone, Valerius Flaccus und die Medeen des Ovid, ROV,München 1998, 141-171.28ovidiusisa da flakusis nawarmoebTa zogierTi epizodis Sepirispirebawarmodgenilia mecnierebis naSromebSi: E. Frank, An Ovidian episode in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica,RIL 105, 1971, 320-329. E. Burk, Die Befreiung der Andromeda bei Ovid und der Hesione bei Valerius Flaccus(Metam. 4, 663-764; Argon. 2, 451-578), WS 10, 1976, 221-238.29И. Гагуа, Овидий Назон и древняя Колхида, Тбилиси 1984. n. keWaymaZe, ovidius nazonisaqarTvelos Sesaxeb, Tsu Sromebi 69, 1958.30 K. Schenkl, Studien zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, SB Wien, phil.-hist.Kl. 68, 1871, 271-382; W. C.Summers, A study of the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus, Cambridge 1894, 40ff.31 F. Mehmel, Valerius Flaccus, Diss. Hamburg 1934, 109-119, 130-135.32 J. Wetzel, Die Gestalt der Medea bei Valerius Flaccus, Diss. Kiel 1957, 3, 102-104, 176f.21

ebulia rogorc tipuri tirani, romelic aseTi aSkarad gamoxatuliTvisebebiT arc apoloniosTan gvxvdeba da, unda aRiniSnos, rom vercvergiliusTan moiZebneba misi prototipi. 33 mmarTvelobisaken swrafva,egoizmi, sakuTari interesebis qveynis da nebismieri calkeuli pirovnebisinteresebze maRla dayeneba, yovelgvari saSualebis gamoyeneba miznismisaRwevad, ira da furor – yovelive es uTuod senekaseul tiranis suraTsmogvagonebs. amdenad flakusis aieti garkveulwilad hgavs kreons: mas arsurs, daabrunos iasoni, rogorc aiets ar surs sawmisis gacema (Val. Flacc.5. 261; 6. 19 / Sen Med. 272f., 482, 489). aietis msgavsad, arc is fiqrobsasulis bedze da arc qveynisaze. rom ar eqorwina xelmeored iasons misasulze, medeas SurisZiebis safuZveli aRar eqneboda. aq rTavs sworedflakusi moqmedebis ganviTarebaSi dramatul elementebs. aiets afrTxilebsfriqsusis aCrdili, gasces sawmisi, Tumca igi ugulebelyofs rCevas,da, Sesabamisad, ubedurebac ar ayovnebs. senekasTan mimarTebas gviCvenebsaseve mTavar personaJTa monologebi. absirtusisa da stirusis (8.261-284. 335-355), iseve rogorc medeas sityvebi drakonisa (8. 92-108) daiasonisadmi (8. 45-53. 414-446) senekas tragediebis monologebs mogvagonebs,ramdenadac yvelgan flakuss saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs adamianis Sinaganisamyaro. gansakuTrebiT gvinda gamovyoT medeas sayvedurebiT aRsavsesityva iasonisadmi, rodesac iasoni mzad aris, aietis asuli mdevarkolxebs gadasces. aq gvaxsendeba Sesatyvisi pasaJebi senekas `medeadan~:sityva kreonisadmi (Sen. Med. 179-300) da iasonisadmi (Sen. Med. 431-578).mkvlevarTa didi nawilis azriT, seneka, iseve rogorc flakusi,cdiloben, medeas gaugon, warmogvidgenen mas ara mxolod Tavisi vnebebismsxverplad, aramed mis gverdiT myofi adamianebis msxverpladac, amiTgarkveulwilad TanaugrZnoben mas da cdiloben, igive SegrZneba aRZranmkiTxvelSic. 34rac Seexeba varon atacinuss, misi poemis fragmentebis da flakusispoemis msgavsi adgilebis Sepirispirebis safuZvelze d. feleti midisdaskvnamde, rom varon atacinusis poemam gamoZaxili ver pova flakusTan:33 H. Stadler, Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica VII. Ein Kommentar (Spudasmata 49), Hildesheim/Zürich/New York,1993, 5.34 St. Grewe, Der Einfluß von Senecas Medea auf die Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, ROV III, München 2004,187.22

`Die Fragmente des Varro enthalten keinen Anklang an Valerius Flaccus' Gedicht. Gemeinsamsind nur unbedeutende Übereinstimmungen, die auf die Grundzüge des erzählten Stoffes oderder epischen Sprache zurückgeführt werden können. Dagegen zeigen sich grundlegendeUnterschiede sowohl im Inhalt als auch in den formalen Eigenschaften der zwei Gedichte~. 35aqedan gamomdinare, arc Cven SevaCerebT masze yuradRebas da momdevnoqveTavSi ganvixilavT flakusis mniSvnelovan mimarTebas mis elinistwinamorbedTan.2. flakusi da apolonios rodoseliSeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac ki SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom flakusisaTvisaSkarad prototips swored apolonios rodoselis poema warmoadgens,Tumca gvaqvs sakmaod arsebiTi gansxvavebebic; aSkara mimarTeba TavsiCens Tavad poemis saTaurSi, poemis struqturaSi, siuJetur elementebsada poetur enaSi; rasakvirvelia, yovelive amas emateba TiToeuli am momentispoeturi interpretaciis xarisxi.am TavSi detalurad aris ganxiluli apoloniosTan flakusispoemis msgavseba da gansxvavebis umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtebi.apolonios rodosels, rogorc Cans, surda, qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiTgadmoeca miniebis laSqrobasTan dakavSirebuli yvela movlenada Seeqmna nawarmoebi, romelic garkveulwilad ìliadisa~ da òdiseas~motivebis nazavi iqneboda. misi poema, romelic oTxi wignisgan Sedgeba,struqturulad or Tanabar nawilad iyofa: pirvelSi gadmocemulia mogzaurobakolxidisaken (I da II wignebSi), meoreSi ki kolxidaSi Tavgadasavali,rac dakavSirebulia oqros sawmisis mopovebasTan; mas mosdevsargonavtebis ukan dabrunebis marSruti (III da IV wignebi). mcdelobismiuxedavad, apoloniosma ver moaxerxa kompoziciurad Sekruli poemisSeqmna, ris gamoc, formis TvalsazrisiT, misi àrgonavtika~ ufro metadmcire epilionTa nazavs warmoadgens, vidre kompoziciurad SekrulerTian eposs. valerius flakusma gaaormaga wignebis raodenoba, TumcaamiT poemis moculoba ar gazrdila (Ap. Rhod. – 5835 str. / Val. Flacc. – 5631str.). struqturulad flakusis nawarmoebi SeiZleba or nawilad davyoT,35 D. Feletti, Valerius Flaccus und die Argonautae des Varro Atacinus, ROV III, München 2004, 112.23

pirvel nawilSi (I – V. 216) gadmocemulia argonavtebis mgzavroba iolkosidankolxidamde, sadac monacvleobiT gadmocemulia argonavtTa mogzaurobisda ama Tu im adgilas SeCerebis ambebi, meore nawilSi (V.217 –VIII) ki – kolxidaSi ganviTarebuli ambebi; Sesabamisad, Txrobis stiliicvleba da intensificirebulia oqros sawmisis mopovebasTan dakavSirebulimovlenebi. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom pirveli nawilis dasasruliar emTxveva uSualod meoTxe wignis simReris dasasruls, aramed moicavsmexuTe wignis pirvel meoTxedsac. kompoziciis aseTi stili poemis sxvaadgilebTan mimarTebaSic dasturdeba. 36 aSkaraa, am SemTxvevaSi flakusiar misdevs apolonioss, aramed iyenebs vergiliusiseul princips. vergiliusTanpoemis meore nawili (Aen. 7. 37) iwyeba 36-e striqonis Semdeg (= 6× 6), flakusTan (5. 217) ki 216-e striqonis Semdeg (= 6 × 6× 6). 37rogorc cnobilia, orive poema exeba argonavtebis laSqrobaskolxidaSi, Tumca, Tu apoloniosi, rogorc poeta doctus, cdilobsmecnieruli sizustiT gadmosces argonavtebis laSqrobis marSruti,CarTos TxrobaSi sxvadasxva xasiaTis mokle eqskursebi, flakussaqcentebi sxva aspeqtze gadaaqvs. marTalia, orive poema iwyeba argonavtebislaSqrobis mzadebiT, magram, Tu apoloniosTan mTavrdeba miniebisiolkosSi dabrunebiT, flakusis poemis merve Tavi uecrad wydeba iq,sadac iasoni fiqrobs, medea mdevar kolxebs gadasces. samecniero literaturaSiazrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda ganviTarebuliyomoqmedeba da rogori dasasruli unda hqonoda laTinurversias 38 . ramdenadac es sakiTxi valerius flakusis kvlevis problematikaSierT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, masze sagangebodSevaCeroT yuradReba.mecnierTa nawili miiCnevs, rom flakusis àrgonavtika~ 12 wignisaganSedgeboda. samersi fiqrobs, flakuss apolonios rodoselTan Seda-36 Sdr. E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 88, 184-185; E.Burck, Die Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, in: E. Burck (Hrsg.), Das römische Epos (Grundriß derLiteraturgeschichten nach Gattungen), Darmstadt 1979, 217-218; P. Dräger, C. Valerius Flaccus. Argonautica. DieSendung der Argonauten. Lateinisch-Deutsch, Hg., übers. u. komm., Studien zur klassischen Philologie 140,Frankfurt a.M, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien 2003, 449; G. Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episodeund ihre Funktion in den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hypomnemata 127, Göttingen 1999, 11-15.37 Sdr. F. Mehmel, 1934, 56; W. Schetter, 1959, 300-303; J. Adamietz, 1976, 108-109; H. J.W. Wijsman, 1996, 4;P. Dräger, 2003, 449, 572-573.38 W.C. Summers, A study of the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus, Cambridge 1894, 7.24

ebiT sakmaod unda ganevrco àrgonavtika~, ramdenadac argonavtebs britaneTamdeunda mieRwiaT. kidev ufro Sors midis muri, romelic miiCnevs,rom flakuss Tavis àrgonavtikaSi~ agreTve unda gadmoeca korinTosSiganviTarebuli ambebi. 39 aris mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac àrgonavtika~10 wignisgan unda yofiliyo Semdgari. 40 mecnierTa didi nawili, romel-Tac Cvenc vemxrobiT, Tvlis, rom flakusis àrgonavtika~ rva wigns moicavda.41 poemis kompoziciuri analizis safuZvelze j. adamici 42 sworedam daskvnamde midis. am Tvalsazriss mxars uWers h.-g. nezelraTi, romelicsakmaod damajerebel argumentacias warmoadgens 43 , rasac Cven odnavqvemoT mivubrundebiT.aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom mecnierebi arc im sakiTxze arianerTsulovanni, Tu ratom aris merve wigni nakluli. nawili miiCnevs, romes poetis uecarma gardacvalebam ganapiroba, am Tvalsazriss warmoadgensh. m. purtvlie: „No, Valerius Flaccus did not apply the last file to the Argonautica. Heprobably did not even get any further than line 467 of book 8, but died shortly after he hadwritten me talie velle“, 44 nawili ki Tvlis, rom mas arc hqonia ganzraxuli, gaegrZelebinaTxroba. adamici aRniSnavs: „Daß sich der verlorene bzw. nicht mehrgeschaffene Schluß des Werkes auf die Auseinandersetzung bei der Insel Peuce konzentrierteund dann verhältnismäßig rasch die Heimkehr erfolgte“. 45axla ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT flakusis àrgonavtikis~ukanaskneli striqonebi: kolxididan gamgzavrebis Semdeg argonavtebiSeCerdnen istrosis SesarTavTan, kunZul pevkeze, sadac iasonisa damedeas qorwineba unda Sedges. argonavtebis simSvides moaxlovebuli kolximdevrebi arRveven. maT absirtusi meTaurobs, romelsac miznad aqvsargonavtebis ganadgureba (8. 270-275). iunos CareviT uecrad atexili gri-39 C.H. Moore, Prophecy in the Ancient Epic, Harvard Studies of Classical Philology 32, 1921, 166.40 J. Soubiran, Valerius Flaccus. Argonautiques. Introduction, Texte et traduction rythmée, Notes et Index(Bibliothèque d'études classiques 33), Louvan, Paris, Dudley (Ma) 2002, 32-35.41 W. Schetter, Die Buchzahl der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 103, 1959, 297-308; E. Frank, TheStructure of Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, CB 43, 1967, 38-39; G. Liberman, Valerius Flaccus. ArgonautiquesTexte établi et traduit, 2 vol. (CUF lat. 340/369), Paris 1997/2002, 24-48; F. Caviglia, Valerio Flacco. LeArgonautiche, introduzione, traduzione e note (BUR Classici greci e Latini), Milano 1999, 17-19.42 J. Adamietz, Zur Komposition der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus (Zetemata 67), München 1976, 107-113.43 H.-G. Nesselrath, Jason und Absyrtus – Überlegungen zum Ende von Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica, in: Ratisomnia vincet. Neue Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, hg. v. U. Eigler, E. Lefèvre,München 1998, 347-354.44 H.M. Poortvliet, Valerius Flaccus and the last file, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 43.45 J. Adamietz, op. cit. 113.25

galis gamo kolxebi ver axerxeben argonavtebTan miaxlovebas. SeSfoTebuliargonavtebi iasons arwmuneben, rom medea kolxebs gadasces (8.387f.). iasoni meryeobs, Tumca, bolos da bolos, amjobinebs, argonavtebisnebas dahyves (8. 404-408). medea grZnobs moaxlovebul safrTxes (8. 415-444)da iasons sayvedurebiT avsebs, es ukanaskneli Tavis marTlebas cdilobsda mis mier warmoTqmuli pirveli striqonis Semdeg (mene aliquid metuisseputas? me talia velle?, 8. 467) teqsti wydeba.Tu winamdebare wignebis moculobas gaviTvaliswinebT (I – 850; II –664; III – 740; IV – 762; V – 695; VI – 800; VII – 653), Cvenamde arasrulisaxiT moRweul merve wigns, romelic 467 striqons moicavs, savaraudod,kidev 400-500-mde striqoni mosdevda. Sesabamisad, is informacia, racapolonios rodoselTan sakmaod vrcel adgils iWers (1400 str.),laTinur versiaSi ostaturad unda yofiliyo akumulirebuli. am bolodros samecniero literaturaSi gaziarebulia Tvalsazrisi, rom sakmaoddaZabuli mdgomareoba, sadac flakusis eposi wydeba, unda ganmuxtuliyoabsirtusis sikvdiliT da praqtikulad amis Semdeg unda dasrulebuliyokidec nawarmoebi. 46 garkveulwilad flakuss vergiliusiseuli dasasruliunda gaeziarebina. rogorc èneida~ mTavrdeba turnusis daZleviT dasikvdiliT, romelic eneasis fata-s asrulebas uSlis xels, aseve undayofiliyo flakusis eposSi absirtusis faqtori iasonis ukanasknelidabrkoleba, romelic mas xels uSlida samSobloSi dabrunebaSi.aqedan gamomdinare, apolonios rodoselTan vrclad warmodgeniliargonavtebis ukan dabrunebis epizodebi sakmaod reducirebulia da koncentrirebuliaflakusTan an saerTod ar aris warmodgenili ufunqciobisgamo. mokled gadavavloT Tvali am epizodebs:qorwili feakebTan: apoloniosTan mdevar kolxTa ori jgufiawarmodgenili (Ap. Rhod. IV 303-328), flakusTan – erTi. apoloniosTanafsirtosi argonavtebs eweva jer kidev istrosis SesarTavSi Sesvlamde.meore jgufi ki maT mihyveba feakebis kunZulamde, rac iasonisa da medeasqorwinebas aCqarebs. ramdenadac flakusTan iasonisa da medeas qorwili46 H.-G. Nesselrath, Jason und Absyrtus – Überlegungen zum Ende von Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica, in: Ratisomnia vincet. Neue Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, hg. v. U. Eigler, E. Lefèvre,München 1998, 349.26

istrosis SesarTavTan, kunZul pevkeze xdeba da masTan saerTod ar arsebobsmdevar kolxTa meore jgufi, SegviZlia davuSvaT, rom flakusTanarc iyo dagegmili feakebTan argonavtebis misvla, ramdenadac winaaRmdegSemTxvevaSi es funqcias moklebuli iqneboda. 47kirke: apoloniosTan kirkes ekisreba funqcia, ganwmindos medea daiasoni Secodebisgan, rac afsirtosis mkvlelobiT Caidines. Tu imasdavuSvebT, rom absirtusis mkvleloba flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~, èneidis~msgavsad, aris fata-s ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli, maSinkirkesTan misvlis epizodic kargavs Tavis funqcias. garda amisa, meSvidewignSi kirkes saxiT venusi moevlineba medeas da mas iasonis sakeTildReodganawyobs, ase rom, albaT Semdgom kidev kirkes CarTva ufunqcioiqneboda. am konteqstidan gamomdinare, Cans, rom kirke imyofeba medeasTananu kolxidaSi da, Sesabamisad, gamoricxulia, davuSvaT, rom medea daiasoni absirtusis mkvlelobis Semdeg kirkesTan wavidodnen.e. w. òdiseas~ epizodebi: ris aRwerasac saguldagulod ekidebaapoloniosi, ramdenadac Tavis poemaSi mraval eTnografiulsa Tuetiologiur eqskurss rTavs, nakleb sayuradRebod miiCnevs flakusi.masTan ukan dabrunebis zRapruli Tavgadasavali sagrZnoblad aris reducirebuli.romaeli epikosi gacilebiT met yuradRebas uTmobs kavkasiisgeografiis da eTnografiuli masalis eqsponirebas, rasac aietsa dapersess Soris kolxidaSi momxdari omis fonze warmogvidgens (amsaintereso informaciis mxatvrulad gadmocemas eTmoba masTan mexuTewignis umetesi nawili da mTlianad meeqvse wigni).dabrunebis marSruti: argonavtebis Tqmulebis damamuSavebelnawarmoebebSi argos samSobloSi dabrunebis gansxvavebuli marSrutebiarsebobs, rac, bunebrivia, ama Tu im epoqis mwerlisaTvis xelmisawvdomistoriul-geografiul codnas areklavda, Sesabamisad, geografiuliarealis gazrda iwvevda am sferoSi codnis gafarToebas da amasTanerTad xdeboda am informaciis saxecvalebac. dabrunebis yvelaze moklemarSruti hgavs gamgzavrebis marSruts, anu ukan Sav zRvaSi gasvla dasimplegadebs Soris gacurva. valeriusma es marSruti Tavidanve Secvala,rodesac mesaWe erginusis piriT am mimarTulebiT curva SeuZleblad47 J. Adamietz, op. cit. 111.27

gamoacxada (8.180-183), masTan argonavtebma ar ician, rom simplegadebi ukveaRar moZraoben. erginusi miuTiTebs istrusis SesarTavze da, amdenad,flakusi arsebiTad mihyveba apoloniosis marSruts. valeriusisdroisaTvis saocrad gazrdilia romis Tvalsawieri dasaxlebuli samyarosSesaxeb, romaelebis mier istrosis dapyrobam isic cxadyo, romaranairi kavSiri mdinaris saSualebiT ar arsebobs adriatikis zRvasa daistross Soris. Cndeba kiTxva: ratom airCevda iseT marSruts flakusi,romlis usafuZvlobac misTvis im droisaTvis ukve cnobili iqneboda.hainc-giunTer nezelraTis azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom flakusma kargaduwyoda, rom realuri geografiuli monacemebi ar Seesabameboda mis miermoTxrobils, mainc apoloniosis marSruti airCia istrosis gavliT,Tumca, garkveuli modifikaciiT. amas imiT asabuTebs, rom, savaraudod,iasonis mier absirtusis daZlevis Semdeg, flakusi, albaT, saerTod aRargaagrZelebda momdevno punqtebis CamoTvlas. 48advili warmosadgenia, Tu ra rTuli misiis winaSe idga flakusipoemis Seqmnisas. mas unda gaeTvaliswinebina mdidari literaturulitradicia, romelic misi eposis Seqmnas uZRoda win da amasTanave undamoexerxebina, individualuri yofiliyo yvelasaTvis cnobili TemisdamuSavebisas.misdevs Tu ara romaeli poeti berZnul paradigmas da ramdenadoriginaluria igi tradiciuli ambis damuSavebisas? albaT, es aris isZiriTadi kiTxva, romelsac valerius flakusis poema aRZravs. unda aRini-Snos, rom berZnulma modelma valerius flakusTan marTlac ganicadagarkveuli saxecvlileba, oRond es naklebad Seexo poemis Sinaarsobrivmxares da ZiriTadad gmirTa moqmedebis motivaciaTa cvlilebaSi aisaxa.albaT, pirvel rigSi, swored tradiciad qceul motivaciaTa transformaciaaris is, rac valerius flakusis Txzulebas originalursa da sainteresosxdis.rogorc ukve iTqva, sruliad gansxvavebul WrilSi moCans iasonis gadawyvetileba,rodesac igi saxifaTo laSqrobisTvis emzadeba. romaulisazogadoeba iasonis siqveleSi ufro metad rom daerwmunebina, flakusiTavis eposSi rTavs axal epizods – persessa da aiets Soris momxdar oms.48 H.-G. Nesselrath, op. cit. 353-4.28

swrafva saxelis mosapoveblad – am ideiT aris gamsWvaluli iasoni daTviT argonavtebi. flakusTan gansxvavebulad aris motivirebuli medeas saqcieli,rodesac igi ucxotomels exmareba. medea aRSfoTebulia mamis usamarTlobiT,romelmac stumrisTvis micemuli sityva gatexa. sainteresodaris gadawyvetili absirtusis scenac, tradiciis Tanaxmad, medeam satrfosmcirewlovani Zma aakuwina. valerius flakusi ki mas mamac, daundobel,ubadlo meomrad warmogvidgens, romelic iasonsac emuqreba da mis samSoblosac(8. 270-9). 49 marTalia, aq flakusis poema wydeba da absirtusis mkvlelobaaRwerili aRar aris, magram mkiTxvelisTvis cxadia, rom iasoni misimokvliT mxolod sakuTar Tavs ki ara, samSoblosac daicavs.ramdenadac calke TavSi dawvrilebiT vimsjelebT medeas, aietisada absirtusis Sesaxeb, amjerad yuradRebas iasonze SevaCerebT; flakusiam personaJs apolonios rodoselisagan da mTeli miTografiuli tradiciisaganramdenadme gansxvavebulad warmogvidgens. misi iasoni sakmaodracionalurad moqmedebs, saRad afasebs Seqmnil mdgomareobas daumeteswilad swor gadawyvetilebamde midis da, rac yvelaze mTavaria,igi xSir SemTxvevaSi iniciativas sakuTar Tavze iRebs. is arsebiTiStrixi, rac iasons apolonios rodoselis mier warmodgenili persona-Jisgan gamoarCevs, aris racionalurad msjelobis unari, swrafi reagirebarTul situaciaSi, mobilizeba, iniciativis xelSi aReba – yovelive essruliad ucxoa apolonios rodoselis iasonisaTvis.SeiZleba Tavisuflad iTqvas, rom iasoni ubadlo oratoria.rodesac is sityvas warmoTqvams, axerxebs gonivruli aqcentebis dasmas,ori SesaZlo variantidan xelsayreli versiis arCevas; rodesac esonidipeliasisgan rTul davalebas moismens, gansjis, rom ar Seefereba uarisTqma, amitom unda dasTanxmdes mefes, Tumca amasTanave imasac moisazrebs,rac peliass rTul situaciaSi Caagdebs (1.152-155). 50 am mizniT daiyoliebsiasoni mefis vaJs (sagulisxmoa, rom apolonios rodoselTan akastusiTavisi gadawyvetilebiT midis salaSqrod), gahyves Soreul naosnobaSi.49 arsebobs, sxva tradiciac, romlis mixedviTac, afsirtosi argonavtebis kolxidaSiCasvlis momentisaTvis axalgazrda ymawvilia da gancalkevebiT cxovrobs sakuTarsasaxleSi (Ap. Rhod. III 241).50 miuxedavad imisa, rom iasonma icis, SesaZloa, ubedureba mis axloblebs daatydeTTavs da gamgzavrebisTanave saSineli winaTgrZnoba ipyrobs (1.693-699), mainc ar cvlis gadawyvetilebas.29

mis mier akastusis mimarT warmoTqmul sityvaSi ramdenime mniSvnelovanfaqtorze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas: 1. maqsimalurad moqmedebs mis Tavmoyvareobaze:ambobs, rom arc telamoni arc kanTusi, arc idasi da arctindaridi ise ar imsaxurebs oqros sawmiss, rogorc akastusi (1.166-7); 2.spekulirebs saxelis ukvdavebis TemiT: `rodesac me ukan davbrundebi,Sen Segrcxveba Cveni saxelovani saqmeebis, roca ucxo xalxebis Sesaxebmovyvebi, Sen guli dagwydeba~. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, iasoni sakmaodlakonuri sityviT aRwevs sasurvel Sedegs: am sityvebis Semdeg akastusihpirdeba iasons, rom mamas gamoepareba da salaSqrod mas gahyveba. ufrometic, iasonis sityvebma imdenad imoqmedes mis pativmoyvareobaze, romakastusi madlobasac ki uxdis imisaTvis, rom saSualebas aZlevssiqveleSi Tavis gamoiCinos (1. 174ff).iasonis karg oratorobaze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom mas SeuZliasaWiro dros Sesaferisi sityvis Tqma: argonavtebis gamgzavrebis winmopsusi da idmoni or erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul misnobas iZlevian: 51mopsusi sakmaod bnel ferebSi warmoadgens argonavtebis mosalodnelxvedrs, idmonis ki piriqiT, gacilebiT ufro imedis momcemia; sagulisxmoa,rom iasoni yuradRebas swored idmonis misnobaze amaxvilebs damimarTavs jars: `ramdenadac SeityveT RvTaebaTa neba, Zala moikribeT damamaTa Tavdajerebuloba gamoiCineT. me ar msurs gavkicxo TesalielimmarTvelis ganzraxva an mzakvruli eSmakoba. RvTaeba mogviwodebs keTiliniSniT. TviT iupiters surs miwaze laSqroba da rom adamianebs rTulisaqme hqondeT. momyeviT, am saqmeebs mere gavixsenebT, rac samomavlodwaaqezebs Cvens Svilebsac~ (1.241ff.).iasoni yovelTvis axerxebs sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad Tavisiazris damalvasa da SeniRbvas: friqsusis sakurTxevelTan da heles kenotafTan(5.194-209) warmoTqmul sityvaSi misTvis `saSiSi da saZulveli~mxare Semkobilia iseTi epiTetebiT, rom aSkaraa, iasoni am SemTxvevaSicar avlens sakuTar ganwyobas. Tavidan aqcents akeTebs naTesaobaze damfarvelobasa da Semweobas sTxovs friqsuss am ucxo qveyanaSi. heleseubneba, kvlav rodis eRirseba mis zRvaSi gacurva da rodis ixilavs51 E. Lefèvre, "Die Opfer-Szene im ersten Buch (1,184-254) und das Iason-Bild in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica" inM. Korn and H.J. Tschiedel (edd.), Ratis omnia vincet. Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus,Hildesheim 1991, 173-180.30

zRva kvlav oqros sawmiss. kolxidas moixseniebs rogorc `stumarTmoyvaresanapiros~ da sTxovs aCvenos, Tu sad mdebareobs oqros sawmisi, fasissmoixseniebs ìupiteris Zed~ (mxolod am adgilas 5.204) da adarebsdid enipevss. komplimentebs ar iSurebs medeasTvisac, rodesac is pirveladSexvdeba qalwuls (5.378-390): 52 `qalRmerTi xar, maRali olimpos mSveneba,Tavisuflebis moyvarulT miyavxar kavkasiel nimfebs TavianT mdinareebTan,Seni saxli Tu miwazea da aq aris Seni modgma, bednieria bavSvismSoblebi da bednieria is, vinc saxlSi wagiyvans da daiwindeba SenzesamaradJamod. magram daexmare, dedofalo, mamac ucxoelTa laSqars,warCinebuli berZnebi viTxovT TavSesafars, wagviyvane Tqvens mbrZanebel-Tan, vinc ar unda iyos igi. gTxov, gvaswavle, rodis davelaparakoT darogor. me, ucxoels, gasaWirSi RmerTma gamomigzavna Seni Tavi. Sen mogandobTyvelafers, rac gvabadia~. qeba ise kargad moqmedebs medeaze, romkolxi qalwuli TviTon miaswavlis iasons aietis sasaxlisaken mimavalgzas.iasoni medeas komplimentebiT avsebs maSinac, rodesac mefis asulixarebis dauRlvaSi gauwevs daxmarebas; xotbas asxams, rom misimgzavrobis erTaderTi mizezia, udidesi saganZuria, romelic samSoblo-Si mihyveba, ra mosatania aq oqros sawmisi, misi xomaldisaTvis xom isicsakmarisia, rom is ipova:'o decus in nostros magnum ventura penatessolaque tantarum virgo haud indigna viarumcausa reperta mihi, iam non ulla requirovellera teque meae satis est vexisse carinae (8.37-40)mxolod amis Semdeg amJRavnebs iasoni Tavis namdvil survils, rom massurs, medea oqros sawmisis mopovebaSic daexmaros:verum age et hoc etiam, quando potes, adice tantismuneribus meritisque tuis. namque aurea iussiterga referre sumus (8. 41-43) 5352 bunebrivia, aq gvaxsendeba cnobili scena òdiseadan~, rodesac odisevsi navsikaasxvdeba.53`magram modi, Sen xom SegiZlia, esec daumate yvela Sens damsaxurebas da ZRvens:oqros sawmisi unda Cavitano samSobloSi~.31

Tumca aq imas SeniSnavs, rom ara mxolod sakuTari TavisaTvis iRwvis,aramed `megzurebis saxelisaTvis~ socios ea gloria tangit (37-43).yvelaze efeqturad iasoni, udavod, kolxidaSi aris eqsponirebuli;54 mivyveT movlenebs Tanamimdevrulad:argonavtebi kolxidaSi CasvlisTanave sakmaod rTuli amocaniswinaSe aRmoCndnen. ar ician, rogor warsdgnen aietis winaSe da gamoTqvanTavianTi Txovna. iasoni amCnevs Tavisi Tanamgzavrebis Secbunebas, miuxedavadimisa, rom TviTonac ar aris mTlad Tavis TavSi darwmunebuli,cdilobs maT mobilizebas, upirveles yovlisa, imis gaTviTcnobierebiT,rom maT uamravi safrTxe gamoiares zRvaze da miaRwies im mxares, romelicmaT winaprebsac ki SiSs hgvrida; miniebis daZabunebis gansaqarvebladiasoni imasac ki ambobs, risi TviTonac ar sjera, Tanamgzavrebsamxnevebs, rom aietis samyofeli sulac ar aris Suagul CrdiloeTSi,aramed mziani mxarea da arc misi mmarTveli unda iyos saSiSi kaci:'quod primum ingentibus ausisoptavistis' ait 'veterumque quod horruit aetas,adsumus en tantumque fretis enavimus orbem.nec pelagi nos mille viae nec fama fefellitSoligenam Aeeten media regnare sub Arcto.ergo ubi lux altum sparget mare, tecta petendaurbis et ignoti mens experienda tyranni.adnuet ipse, reor, neque exorabile certequod petimus. sin vero preces et dicta superbusrespuerit, iam nunc animos firmate repulsaequaque via patriis referamus vellera terris,stet potius: rebus semper pudor absit in artis.' (5.313-324) 5554 im momentamde, vidre igi aietis tradiciul davalebas miiRebs. aqedan moyolebuliflakusis iasoni kvlav apolonios rodoselis iasons emsgavseba. es, albaT, imiTac arisganpirobebuli, rom aq flakusi Zalian ver daSordeboda tradiciul siuJets.55 `rasac adre ase gabedulad eswrafodiT da rac ase SiSs hgvrida winaparTa modgmas,aq varT yvela, davipyariT zRviT uzarmazari sivrceebi, ar dagvWirvebia xangrZlivimgzavroba, arc is yofila marTali, rom aieti Suagul CrdiloeTSi mefobs, aq mzeanaTebs, unda gavemarToT qalaqSi, gamoviZioT ucxo mmarTvelis buneba. vfiqrob, namdviladar gvetyvis uars, iseTic xom araferi gvsurs, rac SeuZlebelia. im SemTxevevaSi,Tu Txovnaze amayad uars gvetyvis, guli SeimzadeT amisTvis, movifiqroT, Tu ra gziTdavabrunebT sawmiss samSobloSi, sircxvili Sors aseT rTul saqmeSi~.32

vfiqrobT, iasonis oratoruli niWi yvelaze metad aietisadmi mimarTulpirvel sityvaSi gamovlinda (5.471-518). igi sakmaod ostaturad agebssityvas, sworad svams aqcentebs:a) iasonma kargad icis, rom Seqeba da komplimentebi sasiamovnodmoqmedebs msmenelze: sityvis dasawyisSi aiets uwodebs hiperionis Zes rexHyperionide (471), RmerTebma swored is gaxades Rirsi, rom yofiliyo sanaosnolaSqrobis wamowyebis mizezi quem per freta tanta petendum/caelicolae et primadignum statuere carina (471-2); sityvis Sua nawilSi SeniSnavs, rom aieti mas armiaCnia iseT usamarTlo mefed, rogoradac peliasma dausaxa, aramed misisamarTlianobis imedi aqvs (491-494); sityvis dasasrulsac ar iviwyebskompliments: Cemma mefem gangeb airCia Seni qveyana civi kavkasiis mxare,romelic Seni mmarTvelobis qveS lamazad viTardeba quem te horrifero sortitusin axe / Caucasus atque tuis quantum mitescat habenis (517-518).b) informacias iZleva sakuTari warmomavlobis Sesaxeb: aRniSnavs,rom friqsusis modgmis arian (473-478, 499-500), axsenebs aseve aietisSviliSvilebs, romlebic aseve naTesavebad ergebaT orive mxares. iasoniyuradRebas amaxvilebs Tavis damsaxurebebsa da sakuTar Zlevamosilebaze:izruna xomaldis agebaze, gmirebis moxmobaze; bebrikTa qveyanaSic ki,rodesac maTma mefem stumarTmoyvareoba ar gamoiCina, sakadrisad azRvevina,rom iasoni da misi megzurebi RvTiuri sisxlisani arian, xomaldski minerva mfarvelobs (495-504). ufro metic, iasoni Tavis Tavs alkidsadarebs (479-488), rogorc evrisTevsma alkids, msgavsad misca maspeliasma rTuli davaleba.g) mxolod amis Semdeg gaandobs iasoni aiets sakuTar survils:`bolos da bolos movaRwieT kolxidas, da gxedavT Sen iseTs, rogoricgadmocemiT vicodiT (505-506). ar ganurisxde miniebs, radgan ar viTxovarafers CvenTvis ucxos, rac ar egebis Cvens qveyanas. Tu samarTaliarsebobs, damijere, rom igi friqsuss miecema da friqsusi miitansmamiseul penatebTan~ (505-510).d) iasons ar aviwydeba ZRvenis boZebac: aiets miarTmevs yvelazeZvirfas, mSoblebis mier naCuqar aRvirs, mocimcime TvlebiT mooWvilxmals da dedis mier moqargul teneriuli brinjaos feris qlamiss,romelzec gamosaxuli iyo mojiriTe lapiTi (511-515).33

sainteresoa, ra reaqcia aqvs iasons, aietis Txovnaze, daexmaros maspersesis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. igi Tavzardacemulia, rom zRvaze amdenidabrkolebis gadalaxvis Semdeg, iZulebulia kvlav omze ifiqros, Tumcaise aSfoTebs persesis saqcieli, romelic garkveulwilad masdabrkolebas uqmnis, rom Tanaxmaa, aietis gamowveva miiRos: `rTulidavaleba aqac ar gvaklia, zRvaze Wirvaramnaxulebs aseTi dRecwamogvewia, omi aris Cemi bediswera. persesma ara naklebad unda zRossamagiero SerkinebebiT Cemi Seferxebisa da xelis SeSlisaTvis~ (5.542-546)_ eubneba igi aiets.rodesac iasons sawmisis miRebis imedi gaucruvdeba da aietisganaxal davalebas miiRebs (7.35-77), rTul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeba. uzomoddidia esonidis mrisxaneba (maesta stabat defixus in ira, 7. 82), Tumca am Sem-TxvevaSic axerxebs igi Tavis Sekavebas, Rirseul pasuxs scems mefes dayuradRebas imaze amxvilebs, rom misTvis mTavaria saxelis moxveWa, Rirseulisikvdili da ara uaris Tqma micemul rTul davalebaze:'non' ait 'hos reditus, non hanc, Aeeta, dedistispem Minyis cum prima tuis pro moenibus armainduimus. quo versa fides? quos vestra volutantiussa dolos? alium hic Pelian, alia aequora cerno.quin agite [et] hoc omnes odiisque urgete tyranniimperiisque caput: numquam mihi dextera nec spesdefuerit. mos iussa pati nec cedere duris.unum oro, seu me illa suis seges obruet hastishauriet adverso seu crastinus ignis hiatu,nuntius hinc saevas Peliae mittatur ad aureshic periisse viros et me, si vestra fuissetulla fides, reducem patriae potuisse referri.' (7. 89-100) 5656 àseT imeds ar maZlevdi, aiet, maSin, rodesac upirvelesni viRebdiT xelSi iaraRsSens kedlebTan. sad gaqra erTguleba? ra eSmakobas malavs Tqveni [aietis da peliasis]sityva? me aq kvlav vxedav peliass da Semdgom mgzavrobas. yvela tirani siZulviliTada brZanebebiT maviwrovebT. magram arasodes momecareba marjvena da imedi. me miCveulivar brZaneba Sevasrulo, advils gverdi avuqcio. erTs gTxov, rodesac is xnulidan aRmocenebulimaxvils Camcems an xval Semmusravs mtruli xaxidan amosuli cecxli, macnegaugzavne, peliasis mrisxane yurebs miswvdes, rom aq daiRupnen gmirebi da neba miecisaxlSi wamasvenon~.34

iasoni pirobis dacvas rom ufrTxildeba, maSinac Cans, rodesacmedea colad mohyavs, mxolod imitom, rom sityva misca. unda aRiniSnos,rom valerius flakusTan, imdenad ramdenadac mdevari kolxebi ar iTxovenmedeas dabrunebas, moxsnilia saswrafo qorwinebis motivaciac. kolxididangamgzavrebis Semdeg, vidre kolxi mdevrebi gamoCndebian, manamdeiqorwineben isini kunZul pevkeze, mxolod imitom, rom medeas Sehpirdaiasoni da sityvas ver gatexda da, albaT, imitomac, raTa maTi urTierTobaTanamgzavrTa TvalSi gaemarTlebina (ac primum socios ausus sua pacta docere |promissamque fidem thalami foedusque iugale, 8. 221-2). Tu apolonios rodoselTanmedeas kolxebisaTvis gadacemis saqmes mefe alkinoosi wyvets, anu iqiasons Suamavali hyavs, flakusTan mas TviTon uwevs gadawyvetilebismiReba. erTi mxriv, man unda gaiTvaliswinos megzurebis (sociis, 404) azrida, meore mxriv, sikvdili urCevnia Tavisi cxovrebis megzuris safrTxeSiCagdebas (...mortemque cupit sociamque pericli | cogitat, 8. 403-4), magram erTiccxadia, rom man gadawyvetileba unda miiRos da ganaCeni gamoaqvsTanamgzavrebis sasargeblod. is iyo man daapira Tavisi gadawyvetilebisTqma miniebisaTvis, rom qariSxali dawynarda da maT SesaZleblobamiecaT gaegrZelebinaT mgzavroba, iasonmac Tavisi mZime gadawyvetilebaaRar gaamxila (8. 406-407). flakusi am momentSic iasons Rirseulpozicias unarCunebs; marTalia, medea mainc xvdeba iasonis ganwyobas,Tumca Tu rogor imarTla Tavi iasonma medeas gasakicx sityvaze,samwuxarod teqstis Cvenamde mouRwevlobis gamo, ucnobia.unda aRiniSnos erTi garemoebac: vidre iasoni medeas sTxovsdaxmarebas oqros sawmisis mopovebis Taobaze, igi udavod gmirisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli TvisebebiT aris aRWurvili, magram sakmarisia, man medeassTxovos daxmareba, masze damokidebuli xdeba da garkveulwilad kargavsRirsebas. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom ramdenadac aq ukve tradiciuldavalebasTan gvaqvs saqme, flakusma gangeb aarida Tavi zedmet transformaciasda am nawilSi, anu tradiciuli davalebis SesrulebismomentSi, iasoni marTlac apolonios rodoselis iasons mogvagonebs.Tumca is, rom flakusis iasoni ar warmoadgens moralurad uzado gmirs,ar qmnis Seusabamobas, piriqiT is maqsimalurad aris miaxlovebuli Tavisiadamianuri sisusteebiT Cveulebriv mokvdavTan. iasoni arc unda iyos35

srulyofilebis nimuSi: is arc RmerTebis Svilia da arc romaeli. erTiaSkaraa, flakusi cdilobs, moaxdinos iasonis, rogorc gmiris reabilitacia,CamoaSoros an Searbilos iseTi Tvisebebi, rac gmirs ar Sehferisda aRWurvos axali TvisebebiT. Sesabamisad, iasonis xasiaTSi Tavs iCensiseTi Strixebi, rasac flakusamdel literaturul tradiciaSi paraleliar moepoveba.es rac Seexeboda mTavar gmirTa motivaciebs, axla TvaligadavavloT tradiciul siuJetur elementebs. valerius flakusisTvis,erTi mxriv, mniSvnelovani iyo istoriul-geografiuli informacia, romelicCadebuli iyo argonavtebis miTSi, radganac es, rogorc aRiniSna,exmianeboda romis imperiis eqspansias anatoliasa da SavizRvispireTSi,amave dros, rogorc mwerlisTvis, saintereso iyo wminda mxatvruli aspeqtic.marTlac, mravalplaniani Tqmuleba, daxunZluli faTerakebianimogzaurobis, ZalauflebisTvis brZolisa da trfobis motivebiT, imTaviTvesaukeTeso masala unda yofiliyo SemoqmedisTvis. valeriusflakusma Seqmna poema, romelic TiTqosda erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli,magram erTmaneTTan mWidrod gadawnuli ambebisgan Sedgeba. marTalia,misi poemac, rogorc apolonios rodoselis eposi, linearuli xasiaTisaa,anu warmogvidgens eqspediciis dasawyiss da ama Tu im adgilasSeCerebis ambebs, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, flakusis poemas amTlianebsmTavari idea – sazRvao gzis gaxsna da sxva xalxebTan dakavSirebisSesaZlebloba, Sesabamisad, masTan ukana planze inacvlebs oqrossawmisis Tema. igi scildeba viwro CarCoebs da iupiteris samyaros gegmissaxiT gvTavazobs axal koncefcias. TavisTavad translatio imperii-s ideaaxali ar aris da dasturdeba antikur istoriografosebTan, magramargonavtebis Temaze am koncefciis morgeba swored flakusis novatorobaa.flakusis Txzulebas gansxvavebul elfers aniWebs isic, rom poetmagamotova zogierTi epizodi (glavkosis epizodi, herakles brZola geasnaSierebTan, aresis kunZulze friqsosis Svilebis gadarCena da maTiSuamdgomloba aietTan kolxidaSi, argonavtTa Tavgadasavali egeosiszRvaSi da sxv.) da gantvirTa poema mravali mosawyeni, skrupulozuridetalisgan. meore mxriv, ki Caamata zogierTi iseTi epizodi, romelicsaerTod ar gvxvdeba apolonios rodoselTan, an, Tu gvxvdeba, akumuli-36

ebuli saxiT da moqmedebis ganviTarebisaTvis aranairi daniSnuleba araqvs: magaliTad, hesiones ganTavisufleba, esonisa da alkimedes sikvdili,persesisa da aietis omi kolxidaSi. romaeli poetis mxatvruliteqnika rTulia da amave dros, daxvewili. is axerxebs imgvarad aagosTxroba, rom mkiTxvels erTgvari ukmarisobis gancda daeuflos, moTxrobiliambavi Tavis TavSi ar amoiwuros, daumTavrebeli darCes dagaaRvivos Semdgomi interesi. amgvar `Sewyvetil~ ambebs poeti, rogorcwesi, Semdeg kvlav agrZelebs. aseTia Tundac medeas siyvarulis amsaxvelimetad lakonuri scena (7. 1-25), romelic odnav mogvianebiT iSleba daviTardeba (7. 103-140). ar SeiZleba aqve ar vaxsenoT flakusis midrekileba,Semoifarglos mxolod miniSnebebiT, iTvaliswinebs ra, rom misàrgonavtikas~ am TemaSi kargad gaTviTcnobierebuli mkiTxveli ecnoba.aseTi adgilebi bundovania da, rig SemTxvevaSi, Zneli amosacnobia, Turomel wyaros eyrdnoba avtori an romeli wyaros variacias gvTavazobs.gansakuTrebiT xSiria masTan antonomasiebi. a. m., pirvel wignSimoxseniebuli Thracius ... sacerdos (I. 85) eWvgareSea, rom flakusi aq orfevssgulisxmobs, Tumca es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom orfevsi flakusTanqurumis funqcias asrulebs. aSkaraa flakusi cdilobs, Zalian ar da-Sordes tradiciul versias, amdenad frTxilad ekideba istoriulgeografiulinformacias. gacilebiT ufro Tavisufalia igi ama Tu imsiuJeturi elementis interpretaciisas. aq Tvals gadavavlebT mniSvnelovanepizodebs, romlebic apoloniosTan mimarTebaSi sxvaobas gviCvenebs,erT SemTxvevaSi, Tu flakusi minimalurad amoklebs ambavs, meore Sem-TxvevaSi, ganavrcobs mas mTeli Tavisi poeturi STagonebiT.• friqsusisa da heles ambavi 57flakusi arsebiTad mihyveba berZen winamorbeds friqsusisa da helesambis gadmocemisas, Tumca Secvlilia maTTan dakavSirebuli motivaciebida funqcia. peliasi friqsusis ambavs iyenebs imisaTvis, rom iasons dausabuToskolxidaSi laSqrobis aucilebloba. mouTxrobs iasons, romaietma nadimis dros mokla friqsusi, rom xSirad xedavs sizmrad sevdianymawvils, romelic mas SurisZiebisaken mouwodebs; amasve sTxovs helec57 Sdr. Ov. Fasti, III 852-876; Hyg. Fab. III; Sen. Troad. 1034-1038.37

(1. 41-52; Sdr. 64-66). amitom moxuci mefe, romelsac uwindeburad ZalaaRar Seswevs, axalgazrda da Zlevamosil Zmiswuls avalebs, aRasrulossagmiro saqme da waarTvas aiets oqros sawmisi. Tumca, rogorc cnobilia,flakusis mixedviT, realurad aiets danaSauli ar Caudeniafriqsusis mimarT. piriqiT, didi pativiT miiRo, sakuTari asuli miaTxovacolad; gadaafiqrebina gadawyvetileba, Suri eZia dedinacval inoze(1.520-524). poemidan imasac vityobT, rom rodesac mxcovani friqsusigardaicvala, pativiT dakrZales kolxidaSi (5.185f.). motivacias isicaZlierebs, rom aTamasi valerius flakusTan aris kreTevsis Svili (5.476-478; Sdr. 2.611) da ara Zma, rogorc Zvel miTosSi (Hes. F. 10a, 25-28; Apollod.1.51; Ap. Rhod. II 1162). Sesabamisad, friqsusi, hele, peliasi da iasonikreTevsis xaziT erTi da imave Stos warmomadgenlebi arian.ugulebelyofilia apoloniosiseuli peliasis argumenti, romdaukrZalavi friqsusi manam ver povebs simSvides, vidre wesisamebr ardaikrZaleba. flakusi tyavSi dakrZalvis wess sxva formiT, kerZod,kremaciiT anacvlebs, amdenad, peliasis argumentacia funqcias kargavsflakusTan. man elinisti winamorbedisgan gansxvavebiT SeZlo friqsusisroli mniSvnelovanwilad gaezarda da mas misnis funqcias akisrebs.friqsusi figurirebs aietis motivaciaSic: ar gasces oqros sawmisi. mefexedavs caze gamosaxul verZs da Caesmis friqsusis xma, romelicafrTxilebs, rom, roca sawmiss gaitaceben, es misi mmarTvelobisdasasrulis momaswavebeli iqneba da rom medea ar unda darCes mamiseulsaxlSi (5.226-243; Sdr. 1.742f.; 5.528-531). friqsusis msgavsad flakusTanhelesac garkveulwilad misnis fuqcia aqvs. heles piriTac iasonisaTvismniSvnelovani misnoba cxaddeba. hele, romelic argonavtebshelespontosSi ecxadeba (2.587-612), gmirebs mniSvnelovan informaciasgadascems: afrTxilebs, rom win siZneleebi elodebaT (te quoque.../regnainfesta domus fatisque simillima nostris/fata ferunt, II. 593f.), sastik skviTebTanSexvedra moeliT; uxsnis, Tu sad mdebareobs friqsusis ormagi sakurTxeveli.iasons hele ecxadeba kolxidaSic. heles Sesaxeb imasac vigebT,rom mas gadasces skiptra da did pativSia zRvis fskerze neptunusTan38

erTad (2.585-608). 58 zogierTi mecnieri miiCnevs, rom heles gamocxadebasizolirebuli adgili uWiravs poemaSi, Tumca, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas,rom pirvelive wignSi orfevsis simRera friqsussa da heles ambisgadmocemas eZRvneba, da mexuTe wignSic, argonavtebis kolxidaSi CasvlismomentisaTvis, kvlav intensificirebulia maTi saxeebi, es gvaZlevssafuZvels vivaraudoT, rom maT Soris organuli kavSiria. vfiqrobT, arcis unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom kolxidaSi gamarTul omSi, aietiswinaaRmdeg ibrZvis skviTi sardali, romelsac, miuxedavad skviTuriwarmomavlobisa, friqsusi hqvia, SesaZloa, flakuss am gamogonilipersonaJis saxiT surda, mxatvrulad gamoexata eolidi friqsusisukmayofileba, radgan aietma mas ar daujera da argonavtebs ar gadascasawmisi. sagulisxmoa, isic, rom friqsusis jars win miuZRvis maRalWolokze aRmarTuli priala bewviani da oqrosrqebiani furisgamosaxuleba, romelsac kvlav dianas WalaSi dabruneba swadia. esec,SesaZloa, iyos miniSneba oqros verZze, romelic, iupiteris samyarosgegmis Tanaxmad, eladaSi unda dabrundes, amas ki aieti ewinaaRmdegeba.• argonavtTa katalogistabiluri nusxis ararsebobis fonze apolonios rodoselma itvirTaeqspediciaSi monawile gmirTa katalogis Seqmna da mniSvnelovanwiladmoaxdina kidec misi sistematizacia. maTgan mxolod erTi nawili figurirebsmogzaurobis procesSi, rasakvirvelia, garkveul epizodTan dakavSirebiT.am epizodebSi xdeba, erTi mxriv, laSqrobaSi monawile gmiris raimemaxasiaTebeli StrixiT aqcentireba, meore mxriv, ikveTebian is personaJebic,romlebic garkveul funqcias asruleben isev da isev romelimegmiris warmosadgenad. apoloniosTan dasaxelebulia RvTaebrivi STamomavlobis55 gmiri, flakusTan ki 52; Tu ar CavTvliT iasons, herkuless,hilass da akastuss, aseTi Tanafardoba gveqneba: 51 argonavtiapoloniosTan da 48 flakusTan. 59 apoloniosi asaxelebs 9 miniels, romelicflakusTan ar gvxvdeba, maT sanacvlod flakuss 6 sxva axali argonavtiSemohyavs. am eqvsi argonavtisgan sams: filoqtetess, nestors, tidevssflakusi argonavtebis laSqrobasTan akavSirebs, Tumca maT ar58 poseidonisa da heles siyvarulis motivi hesiodesTanac gvxvdeba.59 higinusTan 74 monawile moixsenieba (Hyg. fab. XIV).39

akisrebs mniSvnelovan funqcias; danarCeni sami ki, rogorc sxva wyaroebimowmoben, argonavtebis laSqrobasTan arian dakavSirebulni: devkalionida ibisi gvxvdebian higinusTan, ifisi ki dasturdeba apoloniosis sqolionSi(4.223f.). flakusma Secvala argonavtTa raodenoba, zogierT gmirsgansxvavebuli funqcia (igulisxmeba macnis [exioni] da mesaWis [erginusi]funqcia) mianiWa. zogierTi gmiris mniSvnelovneba Seamcira (pelevsi /idasi), zogis ki gazarda (misnebi: idmoni, mopsusi; telamoni, meleagrusi).ikveTeba aseve erTi saintereso kanonzomiereba argonavtebis rogorc er-Tiani jgufis reaqciebis gamoxatvisas. Tu apoloniosTan mTeli jgufigamoxatavda sixaruls, SiSs an imedgacruebas, flakusTan es reaqciebierT romelime kerZo personaJzea misadagebuli, kerZod, iasonze. es arcaris gasakviri, radgan flakuss surda, iasonis aqcentirebiT misi rolimniSvnelovnad gaezarda da eneasis msgavsad àrgonavtikis~ wamyvangmirad esonidi eqcia. 60• lemnosilemnoseli qalebis mier sakuTari qmrebis amoxocvis ambavi did interessimsaxurebda berZnul tradiciaSi (Apollod. 1. 114f.; 357f.). es epizodi sakmaodadre daukavSirda argonavtebis Tqmulebas da misi erT-erTi stabilurinawili gaxda. 61 es ganxorcielda epizodSi hifsipilesa da iasonis sasiyvaruloTavgadasavlis CarTviT. 62 orive es momenti sainteresod aris Sezavebuliapolonios rodoselTan. elinisti winamorbedisagan gansxvavebiTflakusma am epizods sxva elferi SesZina. misTvis mniSvnelovaniaara uSualod im mxaris aRwera, sadac argonavtebi pirvelad SeCerdnenkolxidisaken mimaval gzaze, aramed TviT argonavtebis damokidebulebalemnosze ganviTarebul ambebTan. amitom flakusi detalurad mogvi-Txrobs im ambebsac, romlebic argonavtebis lemnoselebTan stumrobasuZRoda win. igi imdenad aris gatacebuli am ambis mxatvruli interpretaciiT,rom miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnob, damatebiT persona-Jebsac ki igonebs TxrobisaTvis meti dinamiurobis misaniWeblad. striqo-60 A.J. Kleywegt, Die "anderen" Argonauten, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 225-237.61 Sdr. W. Bahrenfuß, Die Abenteuer der Argonauten auf Lemnos bei Apollonios Rhodios, Valerius Flaccus,Papinius Statius. Diss., Kiel 1951.62 iasonisa da hifsipiles siyvarulis Tavgadasavals gadmogvcemen: Ov. Heroid. VI; Hyg. fab.XV.40

nebis moculoba orive avtorTan TiTqmis Tanabaria (apolonios rodoselTan300 str. I.609-909, flakusTan 346 str.), rac Seexeba epizodisstruqturas, flakusTan ambavi iwyeba im istoriiT aRweriT, raclemnoseli qalebis mier kacebis amoxocvas uZRoda win (2.82-106), amasmosdevs kacebis amoxocvis ambavi (107-241), hifsipiles mier mamis gadarCenisepizodi (242-310), argonavtebis misvla lemnosze (311-427). erTi SexedviT,flakusi misdevs apolonioss, Tumca, Tu SevadarebT am or versias,TvalsaCino gaxdeba gansxvavebac. daviwyoT preistoriiT: apoloniosTanlemnoseli mamakacebi usircxvilod Ralatoben colebs (1. 611-614).qalebi urisxdebian kipriss mamakacTa Ralatis gamo da aRar swiraven masmsxverpls. amis gamo qalRmerTi aRagznebs maT SurisZiebisaTvis (1. 614-619). mamakacebma realurad TavianTi saqcieliT daimsaxures qalebisrisxva. flakusma TxrobaSi CarTo olimposelTa perspeqtiva, riTacsurda daesabuTebina, erTi mxriv, iupiteris da, meore mxriv, vulkanusisada venusis poziciebi lemnosTan mimarTebaSi. es airekleba romaulieposis pirvelsave wignSi, rodesac iupiteri marTvis sadaveebs iRebsxelSi da RmerTebisgan garkveul winaaRmdegobas awydeba (I.83ff.). mas upirispirdebaiuno, Tavdayira dakidebul qalRmerTs vulkanusi eqomageba,romelic am dros vardeba olimposidan da kunZul lemnosze enarcxeba.am kunZulze miiRes vulkanusi, swored aq hqonda mas samWedloc da amisgamo gansakuTrebulad uyvardaT.flakusTan intrigas uSualod venusi qmnis. rodesac marsTanRalatis gamo vulkanusma venusi dasaja imiT, rom siyvarulisqalRmerTs msxverpls aRar swiravdnen lemnoseli qalebi, venusigadawyvets, maTze Suri iZios da xmas gaavrcelebs, TiTqos qmrebiRalatoben. Tu apoloniosTan qmrebi namdvilad damnaSaveebi arian, aqisini venusis intrigis msxverplad gvevlinebian. flakusTan aseve Tval-Sisacemia hifsipiles gamokveTili pietas. Tu apoloniosTan hifsipileiZulebulia icruos, raTa argonavtebs auxsnas mamakacebis kunZulzearyofnis mizezi (Ap. Rhod. 1. 793-835), flakusTan argonavtebma araferiuwyian im saSineli movlenebis Sesaxeb, Sesabamisad, mas arc sWirdebaaxsna-ganmartebis micema. Tu hifsipiles pietas apoloniosTan faruladigrZnoba, flakusma mas bakxusTan dakavSirebuli ritualis moSveliebiT41

da mamis winaSe saocari pasuxismgeblobis gamovlinebiT axali elferiSesZina. hifsipile gadaarCens mamas naTlad gacnobierebuli safrTxisaganda amdenad aris pia (Sdr. 249, 256, 264). mamis gadarCenisas igi mimarTavsxriks, sadac safarvelad iRebs religiur rituals (282). es gaumarTlebelisaqcieli aucilebelia hifsipiles pia coeptas (264)gansaxorcieleblad. mas gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom mamas garkveulwiladsafrTxeSi agdebs, rodesac gadarCenis mizniT zRvas miandobs, fiqrobs,iqneb arsebobs sxva alternativa, Tumca Seqmnili viTareba aiZulebs, romukiduresi zomebi miiRos (294). mniSvnelovania is cvlilebebi, romelicherkulesis gamkicxav sityvaSi iCens Tavs: ar Cans herkulesis gansakuTrebulidamokidebuleba telamonisadmi da meore, imis magivrad romukan dabruneba SesTavazos argonavtebs (Ap. Rhod. II 373-384), flakusTanherkulesi daJinebiT moiTxovs faTerakebiT aRsavse laSqrobis gagrZelebas.aq flakuss saSualeba eZleva, erTmaneTs Seupirispiros herkulesida iasoni. erTi mxriv, gmiri, romelmac daZlia adamianuri sisusteebi, da,meore mxriv, sardali, romelic ar aris uzado gmiri, Tumca herkulesismowodebisTanave mzad aris, miatovos lemnoseli dedofali da laSqrobagaagrZelos.• dolionebi, kizikusis epizodikizikusis epizodi, romelsac argonavtTa Tqmulebisagan damoukidebelimxatvruli Rirebuleba ar moupovebia, CvenTvis sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadacapoloniosTan SedarebiT mas flakusma meti datvirTva SesZina. 63Tu apoloniosTan kizikosis ambavs 216 striqoni eTmoba (1. 936-1152),sakmaod STambeWdavi moculobisaa igi flakusTan (II. 629-664 da III. 1-458).masTan es gmiri orgvar saxes gviCvenebs: rogoric unda TviT mas iyos:rafinirebuli, stumarTmoyvare da, meore mxriv, rogoric realurad aris:windauxedavi, hibrisiT Sepyrobili. 64 apoloniosisagan gansxvavebiT flakusTannaTlad aris gamoxatuli danaSaulis sakiTxi tragikuli ambebisganviTarebaSi. masTan tragikul movlenebs ganapirobebs kizikusis hibri-63 am epizodTan dakavSirebiT ix.: G. Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episode und ihre Funktion in denArgonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hypomnemata 127, Göttingen 1999; E. Burck. Kampf und Tod des Cyzicus beiValerius Flaccus. Mélanges M. Durry, Rev. Ét. Lat. 47, 1971, 173-198.64 Lüthje, op. cit. 94.42

si, rac qalRmerT kibeles SeuracxyofaSi gamoixateba. man mokla kibeleswminda cxoveli da saamayo nadavli Tavis sasaxleSi daavana, rac kidevufro metad metyvelebs mis hibriss. kibeles surs, SeuracxyofisaTvisSuri iZios. man unda aRadginos samyaros wesrigi, adamianebis mokrZalebaRmerTebisadmi. qalRmerTma kibelem dasjis iaraRad argonavtebi gamoiyena.flakusi miniebis ganmeorebiT kizikusTan moxvedris faqts, bunebrivia,apolonios rodoselisgan iRebs (Ap. Rhod. I 1015-1018), Tumca elinistmweralTan qari ganapirobebs argonavtebis kunZulze dabrunebas, aq kiRvTiuri Zalebi, raTaA argonavtebi CaerTon arasapatio brZolaSi.flakusma kizikusTan gamarTuli sisxlismRvreli Setakeba omisTematikis konteqstSi moaqcia. am doneze es epizodi mimarTebas avlenseposis sxva siuJetur elementebTan. ramdenadac igi mniSvnelovan paralelsgviCvenebs kolxidaSi gamarTul e. w. samoqalaqo omTan, Cven maszeufro detaluri msjeloba Sesabamis TavSi gveqneba.• hilasis epizodihilasisa da herkulesis ambavs, berZeni winamorbedisagan gansxvavebiT (Ap.Rhod. I 1173-1362), met yuradRebas uTmobs flakusi (3. 481-740, 4. 1-57); masTanes epizodi garkveul modifikacias gviCvenebs. 65 apoloniosTan iunosmotivacia ar ganapirobebs hilasis gaqrobas. moqmedebaSi spontanuraderTveba kiprisi, romelic hilasisadmi siyvaruliT ganmsWvalavs erT-erTwylis nimfas (Ap. Rhod. I 1233). flakusTan iunos motiviacia warmarTavsmovlenebs. Cans, Tu ra motivi amoqmedebs mis sawinaaRmdegod. mas ar sursherkulesis CrdilSi yofna, dReniadag cdilobs mis ganadgurebas, jerkidev bavSvs gvelebi miugzavna, Tumca Cvilma herkulesma SeZlo maTimogerieba. iunos miziaSi kvlav eZleva SesaZlebloba tkivili miayenosherkuless. rogorc ki dainaxavs xomaldidan moSorebiT mis Tanamgzavrhilass, iwyebs gegmis ganxorcielebas (Val. Flacc. 3.487ff.). palass TavidaniSorebs, im sababiT, rom skviTebisa da kolxebis omis msvlelobaSi undaCaerTos, TviTon ki uSualod xrikebs xlarTavs alkidis winaaRmdeg. apoloniosTanargonavtebma ise gaagrZeles gza, rom arc ki SeumCneviaT he-65 H. H. Koch, Die Hylasgeschichte bei Apollonios Rhodios I. 1153ff., Theokrit Eid. XIII, Properz Eleg. I.20,Valerius Flaccus Arg. III. 459ff., Diss. Kiel 1955; E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des ValeriusFlaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 125-126.43

akles aryofna xomaldze. rodesac miniebma gaacnobieres TavianTiSecdoma, maT Soris uTanxmoeba Camovarda, radgan miatoves umamacesigmirebi (herakle da polifemosi). telamoni iasons adanaSaulebs, rom amukanasknelma ganzrax, Suris gamo datova alkidi kunZulze. situacia iseiZabeba, rom saqme xelCarTul brZolamdec ki mividoda boreasis vaJebsrom ar ganemuxtaT konfliqti. tifisi, rogorc mesaWe, xelsayreli qarisgamo moiTxovda naosnobis gagrZelebas, telamoni ki ukan dabrunebas. boreadebicgzis gagrZelebas uWeren mxars, Tumca maT amoZravebT gmirebisdaSoSminebis da ara herkulesis CamoSorebis survili (Tumca amis gamoisini mogvianebiT mainc isjebian alkidis mier usamarTlod). heraklelaSqrobas gamoeTiSa zevsis nebiT, rac argonavtebs glavkosis piriTgaucxaddeba. amas mosdevs iasonisa da telamonis Serigeba. flakusTanherkuless eZeben da rodesac ver pouloben, dgeba sakiTxi, gaagrZelonmisi Zebna, Tu zRvaSi gavidnen. telamoni herkulesis Zebnas moiTxovs,meleagrusi naosnobis gagrZelebas, radgan SeuZlebelia win aRudgeiunos nebas. glavkosis magivrad, romelic argonavtebs RvTis nebasganucxadebs (Ap. Rhod. I 1315-1325), flakusTan sasowarkveTil herkulesssizmrad hilasi ecxadeba, romelic urCevs, rom iunos nebas dahyves damasze nu idardebs, radgan misi xvedri winaswar iyo gansazRvruli (Val.Flacc. 4. 25-37).• amikusi da bebrikebiamikosis epizodi, rogorc Cans, sakmaod Zveli da organuli iyoargonavtebis TqmulebaSi. calkeuli saxesxvaobis garda bebrikTa mefe,zogadad, uxeSi, kacTmoZule, ugnuri adamianis simbolod aris gaazrebuli.barbarosobaze gamarjveba es aris ZiriTadi idea, riTac aris ganmsWvaluliapolonios rodoseliseuli interpretacia. Tu apoloniosTanes epizodi moicavs 163 striqons (Ap. Rhod. II 1-163), flakusTan mas 253 str.eTmoba (Val. Flacc. 4. 90-343). apoloniosTan argonavtebi amikosisadmi SiSski ar ganicdian, aramed risxviT arian Sepyrobilni (19f.), gansakuTrebiTpolidevkesi. valerius flakusTan ki riskis elementi axleburad ariswarmodgenili. apoloniosTan krivSi monawileebi eqsponirebulia aramxolod araTanabari Zalis mqone mxareebad, aramed warmodgenilia maTi44

gansxvavebuli brZolis taqtika da msoflmxedveloba: amikosi warmodgeniliarogorc titani, polidevkesi ki rogorc varskvlavi (37-44). polidevkesimSvidad uyurebs im faqts, rom masTan SebrZoleba mouwevs, metic,igi gaazrebulad dascinis mas medidurobis gamo (54-64). flakusTan eqsponirebuliamikusi metad SiSismomgvrelad gamoiyureba (246ff.) da poluqsicmet mokrZalebas avlens brZolisadmi damokidebulebaSi. apoloniosTanbrZola mimdinareobs gansakuTrebuli dramatizmis gareSe. flakusTanbrZola eqsponirebulia mTeli Tavisi siZneleebiT, rac mas metadaaxlovebs realur SerkinebasTan. apoloniosTan argonavtebi brZolisdamTavrebis Semdeg ixseneben herkuless da amboben, is rom maTTan erTadyofiliyo, brZolac ar iqneboda. arafers amboben imaze, rom, winaaRmdegSemTxvevaSi, maT saxelisaTvis brZolac ar dasWirdebodaT. saxelis moxveWasTangmirebis aseTi damokidebuleba ucxoa flakusisaTvis. apoloniosTanamikosis aRsasrulis Semdeg bebrikebi ibrZvian TavianTi mkvdarimefisaTvis (98-136). flakusma Secvala konteqsti, roca SeSinebulibebrikebi warmogvidgina. bebrikebi, romelTac amikusi SiSis wnexis qveSimorCilebda, misi sikvdilis Semdeg zrunaven ara mis dakrZalvaze, aramedpiriqiT, gaqcevas lamoben. SeiZleba iTqvas, es ar aris erTmaneTTanSemWidrovebuli sazogadoeba, romelic erTad dadgeba sakuTari interesebisdasacavad, maT ubralod amikusi imorCilebda Tavisi teroriT.poluqsma bolo mouRo sazogadoebas, romelsac isedac saZirkvelihqonda gamoclili. amikusis sikvdili Seesabameba iupiteris gegmas:amikusi usamarTlod mrisxanebda xalxze. igi warmoadgenda mTavardabrkolebas, rac aferxebda mezRvaurebis, mogzaurebis gasvlas aRmosavleTismimarTulebiT, Sesabamisad, Tavisi hibrisiT xels uSlidaiupiteris gegmis ganxorcielebas. misi daZleviT ki belonasTvis, raSicmoiazreba omebis warmoeba, gza xsnili iqneboda. TviT neptunusic,romelic amikusis mamaa da uwyis Svilis momavali xvedri, uZluriasamyaros mbrZaneblis winaSe, radgan unda ganxorcieldes Zalauflebiscvla aziidan saberZneTSi, rasac Tavisi msoflmxedvelobiT ewinaaRmdegebaamikusi.• mariandinebi da likusi45

flakusis àrgonavtikis~ meoTxe wignis bolos moTxrobilia argonavtebismisvla mariandinebTan, Savi zRvis samxr.-das. sanapiroze (4.733-762),Tumca ambavi mexuTe wignis dasawyisis 66 striqonsac moicavs, sadac vityobTtifisisa da idmonis sikvdilis Sesaxeb. 66 miuxedavad imisa, romflakusTan am epizods apoloniosTan SedarebiT (178 str. 2.720-898)mokrZalebuli moculoba aqvs, mniSvnelovan pasaJs warmoadgens poemaSiTavisi adgilisa da datvirTvis gamo. 67 mefe likusi argonavtebs keTilganwyobiliiRebs, riTac gamoxatavs madlierebas saerTo mtrissikvdilis gamo (4.744). momdevno dRes xdeba ori samwuxaro ambavi: kvdebamisani idmoni da mesaWe tifisi. argonavtebi damwuxrebulebi dasasowarkveTilni arian. Mmxolod mas Semdeg, rac dasruldeba dakrZalvisceremonia da mopsusi Seasrulebs rituals, airCeven axal mesaWes dagzas gaagrZeleben. Tavdapirvelad yuradReba unda mivaqcioT im faqts,Tu ra adgili uWiravs am erTi SexedviT naklebad STambeWdav epizodsromaul eposSi. Tu amovalT im mosazrebidan, rom flakusis poema rvawignisgan Sedgeba, maSin mas Sualeduri adgili uWiravs, romelic erTmaneTTanor gansxvavebul nawils akavSirebs. orientiri aq aris simplegadebi,is, Tu ra xdeboda manamde, da is, rac moxdeba simplegadebisgavlis Semdeg. apoloniosTan finevsis misnobis mixedviT es aris meorepunqti, sadac argonavtebi simplegadebis gavlis Semdeg xvdebian. flakusTanki pirveli (4.637-710) da amave dros ukanaskneli punqti, vidreminiebi kolxidamde miaRweven; apoloniosTan finevsis misnobaSi amadgils gamorCeuli adgili ar uWiravs, aRniSnulia mxolod, rom aqimyofeba hadesSi Sesasvleli (Ap. Rhod. II 352-356). romael epikosTansimplegadebis daZlevis Semdeg uSualod mariandinebTan moxvedraaqcentirebulia adgilmdebareobis aRweriTac, mcire geografiul eqskursSi(4.711-732). pontusi aris sazRvari aziasa da evropas Soris da,amdenad, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom argonavtebi ukve aziis miwazeimyofebian. pontusis aRwerisas avtori pirvel pirSi laparakobs (4. 711-732 memorem), struqturulad mas ukavSirdeba kizikusis epizodi; dolionebTanargonavtebi xvdebian mas Semdeg, rac helespontoss gaivlian, aqac66 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 181.67 G. Manuwald, Die Argonauten bei den Mariandynern und die Erzähltechnik in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica,Phylologus 149, 2005, 297.46

win wamoweulia evropisa da aziis gasayarze mdebareobis Tema da isicniSandoblivia, rom flakusi isev pirvel pirSi gadmoscems saTqmels(2.617 reor).flakusTan am adgils rom organuli kavSiri aqvs sxva siuJeturelementebTan, cxadyofs amikusis epizodSi CarTuli ambavic, risTvisacflakuss damatebiT axali personaJebi Semohyavs. bebrikebTan argonavtebsSemoxvdebaT dimasi, romelic likusis Zmas, otrevss axlda. otrevsi, romelichesioneze qorwinebas apirebda, gzaze amikusTan moxvda, romelmackrivSi gamoiwvia da sicocxles gamoasalma, dimass surs, xma likussmiawvdinos, raTa man Suri iZios ZmisaTvis. Tumca mas argonavtebidaaswreben da poluqsi bebrikebis mefes bolos mouRebs. Sesabamisad, aqmkiTxvels kvlav hesione da herkulesi axsendeba. g. manuvaldis azriT,mariandinebTan miniebis moxvedra imiT aris mniSvnelovani, romargonavtebi gadadian evropidan aziaSi, ris Semdegac SesaZlebeli xdebakavSiri damyardes im xalxTa Soris, romlebic manamde erTmaneTisaganiyvnen gamijnulni. niSandoblivia is ganwyobileba, rac finevsis misnoba-Sia gadmocemuli, pontusis sanapiroze mxolod likusi gamoirCeva stumarTmoyvareobiT.xalibebi, apoloniosisgan gansxvavebiT, ara marto rkinasawarmoeben aramed, rkinisgan iaraRs amzadeben, Sesabamisad, flakussmariandinebis epizodidan kvlav saomar Tematikaze gadavyavarT, rasacmexuTe TavSi persessa da aiets Soris warmoebuli omi mosdevs.epizodebis Sepirispirebisas is arsebiTi aspeqti, rac apoloniossada flakuss ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan, mokled ase SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:apoloniosma movlenebi faqtis saxiT warmogvidgina, zog SemTxvevaSizedapiruladac ki (aq ar vgulismobT medeas siyvarulis ambavs), ma-Sin rodesac valeriusi movlenebs uRrmavdeba da maT Sinagan motivaciebseZebs. amdenad, igi ar kmayofildeba oden faqtis konstataciiT da arainteresebs etiologiuri mxare, aramed uRrmavdeba moqmedi gmirebisSinagan samyaros, ukvirdeba maT sulier mdgomareobas, rac Semdgom maTmoqmedebas ganapirobebs. 6868 E. Burk, Kampf und Tod des Cyzicus bei Valerius Flaccus: Mélanges Marcel Durry, REL 47, 1970, 196; J.Stroux, Valerius Flaccus und Horaz, Philologus 90, 1935, 310; J. Adamietz, Zur Komposition der Argonautica des47

amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, miuxedavad imisa, rom valerius flakusi,SesaZloa, ver aRwevs poeturi TvalsazrisiT simaRleebs, rac arishomerosTan an apolonios rodoselTan, erTi aSkaraa, rom Cven Tvalwinaris damoukidebeli poeti, romelic cdilobs, araerTi saintereso novatorulielementi SemogvTavazos poemaSi.3. axali koncefcia – iupiteris samyaros gegmavaleriusma Tavisi poeturi programa lakonurad Camoayaliba àrgonavtikis~prooimionis pirvelsave oTx striqonSi: 69Prima deum magnis canimus freta pervia natisfatidicamque ratem, Scythici quae Phasidis orasausa sequi mediosque inter iuga concita cursusrumpere flammifero tandem consedit Olympo. 70berZnuli versiisgan gansxvavebiT masTan ramdenime mniSvnelovani`romauli~ Strixi ikveTeba: argo aris winaswarmetyveluri gemi (fatidicaratis, 1. 2), romelmac pirvelad 71 imogzaura zRvaze (prima ... freta pervia, 1. 1); 72sazRvao gzis gaxsna valeriusisaTvis aris mTavari Tema da misTvis ufrometad mniSvnelovania, vidre oqros sawmisi. am Tvalsazriss amyarebsis faqtic, rom flakusi prooimionSi uSualod ar asaxelebs laSqrobismizans – oqros sawmiss, aramed yuradRebas amaxvilebs TviT movlenaze –argonavtebis gambedaobaze. Sesabamisad, Phasidis oras / ausa sequi `fasisisnapirebisaken / gabeda warmarTuliyo~ (Val. Flacc. 1, 2-3) 73 cvlis berZnul mo-Valerius Flaccus, Zetemata 67, 1976, 113-116; M. Wacht, Zur Motivierung der Handlung im Epos des Valerius,ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 101.69 dawvrilebiT flakusis eposis prooimionis Sesaxeb ix. E. Lefèvre. Das Prooemium derArgonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Wiesbaden 1971.70 `vumReriT zRvebs, romlebic pirvelad RmerTTa didebulma vaJebma gadalaxes dabedis mauwyebel xomalds, romelmac skviTuri fasisis napirebis Cavla gabeda, moZravkldeTa Soris swrafad gaikvala gza da sabolood cecxlovan olimposze daisadgura~(Val. Flacc. 1, 1-4).71 prima freta SeusabamobaSi modis berZeni istorikosebis cnobebTan, romlebic adreulimogzaurobebisa da sanaosno mowyobilobebis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben, rac qronologiuradwin uswrebs argonavtebis laSqrobas; valeriusi aq xazs usvams argonavtebis mogzaurobismniSvnelovnebas, ramdenadac, maT gadalaxes kianeebi da miaRwies pontosevqsinoss. Sdr. Dräger, 1999, 419-22.72 es azri pirvelad romaul literaturaSi katulusTan gvxvdeba: illa rudem cursu primaimbuit Amphitriten (c. 64).73 ausa // ausi formis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT Sdr. katulusi 4ff.48

krZalebul variants basilh'o" ejfhmosuvnh/ Pelivao `mefe peliasis davalebiT~(Ap. Rhod. I 3).samecniero literaturaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs flakusis inovacia,rasac, pirobiTad, SeiZleba vuwodoT iupiteris samyaros gegma. ramdenadaces aspeqti flakusis eposis RerZs warmoadgens da konceptualuradaerTianebs mis nawarmoebs, miznad visaxavT, dawvrilebiT ganvixiloTiupiteris ordo rerum 74 . rodesac argonavtebi xomalds zRvaSi Seacurebenda pagases navsadgurs miatoveben, myisve icvleba moqmedebis areali daflakuss olimposelTa samyofelSi gadavyavarT. iupiteri, romelsacgarSemo RmerTebi Semoukrebia, zecidan akvirdeba berZnebis wamowyebas,igi kmayofilia da RmerTebic sixaruls gamoTqvamen.struqturulad iupiteris samyaros gegma, romelic sul raRac 30striqonSia gadmocemuli, 75 or nawilad iyofa: Sesavali sityva da gegmissami etapi. Sesavali sityva, Tavis mxriv, ori segmentisagan Sedgeba:adrindeli vetera `warsuli~ (5. 531-535) da axlandeli viTareba repetamdecreta `ganvaaxleb gadawyvetilebebs~ (5. 536-541).Sesaval sityvas mosdevs samyaros gegmis sami etapi: I. pirvelietapi: aziis daqveiTeba. am mizeziT xdeba argonavtebis laSqrobakolxidaSi, am planSi unda ganvixiloT troas omic. Sesabamisad, pirvelietapis pirveli safexuria qalwulis [medeas] motaceba (5. 542-547), meoresafexuri ki [elenes] motaceba (5. 548-554); II. meore etapi: danaelebis dau-Zlureba (5. 555); III. mesame etapi: sxva xalxebis [romaelebis] gaZliereba(5. 556-560). lingvisturi analizisas iupiteris samyaros gegmaSi ori mniSvnelovaniindikatori ikveTeba: omi da wyali, rogorc naosnobissimbolo: aeqour ad Helles (537) / bellis ausa manus (540); via facta per undas (545) / perquehiemes, Bellona, tibi (546); classe dehinc (551) / bella, quot ad Troia flentes (552).semantikuri kavSiri gamoxatulia zmniT foveo `xels vuwyob, vmfarvelob~:Tu vis mfarvelobda manamde iupiteri: sic fata locos, sic ipse fovebam (541) da Tuvis Seuwyobs xels momavalSi: gentesque fovebo / mox alias (555-6).vetera `warsuli, adrindeli viTareba~ (5. 531-535):rac odiTganve davawese, yvelaferi Tavisi rigis mixedviT74cnebaSi ordo rerum igulisxmeba iupiteris samyaros gegma.75 Sdr. M. Wacht, 1991, 102-3; E. Lefèvre, 1998, 223-232; G. Manuwald, 2004,145-162.49

dasawyisidanve ucvlelad miedineba.jer kidev ar arsebobda Cemi modgma arsad miwazeroca ukve samyaros wesrigi davamyare.kargi msurda im mefeebisTvis, romlebic jer ar marTavdnen.repetam decreta `ganvaaxleb gadawyvetilebebs~ (5. 536-541):msurs Cemi mbrZaneblobis gadawyvetilebebi ganvaaxlo.arsebobda mxare aRmosavleTSi, romelic qalwul heles zRvasTan datanaisTan mdebareobs, cxenebiT mdidari da xalxmravali, da veravinbedavda xeli aRemarTa mis sawinaaRmdegod da saxeli omebSi moexveWa.me TviTon vmfarvelobdi am mxares da mis keTildReobaze vzrunavdi.accelerat ... dies `modis ... dRe~ (5. 542-547):Tumca saubedurod dgeba dRe, da azia axla SeZrulia;vuSveb imas, rom daeces. berZnebi ukve iTxoven Cemgan qorwils.Cemi muxebi da samfexebi, mSobelTa gulebi, maT gagzavneses laSqari zRvaze. talRebiTa da qariSxlebiT gakvaluliaSenTvis gza, belona. magram mxolod sawmisi ki arwarmoSobs borotebas, aramed ufro metad im qalwulis motacebis gamogrZeldeba uTanxmoeba.veniet ... iam `modis ... ukve~ (5. 548-554):jer ar gadamiwyvetia da ukve modis mwyemsi frigiuli idadan,romelsac moaqvs naRveli da siZulvili da amavdroulad samagieroberZnebisaTvis. xelismTxovnelTa xomaldebi, rogori omebi iwyebaramdeni weli itirebs mikeni troas win?ramdeni didgvarovani da naxevradRmerTebi da rCeuli jari daiRupebada azia dauZlurdeba.hinc àmieridan~ (5. 555-560):am droidan gadawyvetilia danaelTa aRsasruli. male sxva xalxebsSevuwyob xels. mTebi, tyeebi, wylebi, zRvis dabrkolebebi ixsneba maT-Tvis. yvelafris mowmea imedi da SiSi. am cvlilebis dros me TviTon gamovcdiadgilebs da miwebs. vis msurs, rom momavalSi Zalaufleba epyrasxelT.50

vfiqrobT, es epizodi imdenad aris mniSvnelovani, rom swored aqaris gadmocemuli iupiteris damokidebuleba argonavtebis laSqrobisadmi.samyaros mmarTveli sixaruls gamoTqvams berZnebis wamowyebis gamo:patrii neque enim probat otia regni (5. 500). mas Semdeg, rac saturnusis epoqisotium daZleul iqna (5. 500), argonavtebis laSqrobiT iwyeba axali epoqa.amdenad, uzenaesi RmerTi mxars uWers adamianTa qmedebebs (5. 498-502) damisTvis argonavtebis laSqroba kolxidaSi aris pulcherrima coepta (5. 498-99).yvela RmerTs uxaria masTan erTad una omnes gaudent superi (5. 501). parkebicgaxarebulni arian momavali omebis gamo (5. 502), radganac iseTi dromodis, rom xalxi omSi erTveba (5. 543), viae Bellonas (5. 545-546). mxolodaietis mama soli ar eTanxmeba iupiteris gegmas da ewinaaRmdegeba imazrs, rom oqros sawmisi aziidan waiRon, ramdenadac SiSobs, rom TavisiZe aieti Zalauflebas dakargavs (5. 503f.). mas uerTdeba marsic, romelsacaseve piradi motivi amoZravebs. ar surs, misi Walidan waiRon oqrossawmisi, ramdenadac, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, igi funqcias dakargavs. iunomrisxanebs herkulesis gamo, radgan misadmi siZulvili amoZravebs.palasic mas uWers mxars. erTaderTi obieqturi aris iupiteri, romeliccalke dgas Tavisi SexedulebebiT, meore mxareze ki – danarCeniRmerTebi, romlebic mfarvelobas uweven da TanaugrZnoben ama Tu imgmirs da, amdenad, subieqturebi arian. sols `dinastiuri interesi~amoZravebs da aietis mxardaWeris mizniT gamoTqvams pretenzias, iupiterski principis `Tanabari uflebebi yvelasTvis~ iusti facultas (5. 534) gamo arsurs, gaiTvaliswinos misi moTxovna. 76 Sesabamisad, iupiteris decreta-s (5.536) ganapirobebs `Zalauflebis rotaciis principi~, rasac Semdegi azriaqvs: dauSvas, rom yovelma xalxma (populi cuncti 5. 559) erTxel mainc TavisistoriaSi miaRwios oqros xanas, raTa saukeTeso potenciali gamoamJRavnos.magram es xalxebi erTmaneTs unda Seejibron da mxolod amis SemdeggamoikveTeba, Tu vis unda mianiWos uzenaesma Zalauflebis sadaveebi76 valeriusis iupiteri savsebiT gansxvavdeba vergiliusis iupiterisgan. vergiliusisiupiteri mSvidobas winaswarmetyvelebs (claudentur Belli portae, Aen. 1. 294), valeriusisiupiteri ki SiSisa da omebis RmerTia (via facta per undas / perque hiemes, Bellona, tibi 1. 545-46).vergiliusTan saqme exeba saturnia regna-s dabrunebas, valeriusTan ki mis daZlevas (1. 500).vergiliusis iupiteri gegmavs (sic placitum, Aen. 1. 283), valeriusis ki eqsperimentebsatarebs (experiar 1. 559); samyaros gegmis Sesaxeb ix. P. Dräger, 1998, 193-211; Sdr. aseve: P. Dräger,2001, 52.51

(558ff.). ra rols asruleben am konteqstSi argonavtebi? maT undaitvirTon Zalauflebis gadatanis saqme aziidan saberZneTSi da Soreuliaziuri mxare saberZneTisaTvis misawvdomi gaxadon via facta per undas / perquehiemes, Bellona tibi (545f.). 77SeiZleba iTqvas, rom flakusi translatio imperii-s Teoriis Taviseburinterpretacias gvTavazobs, rac gansxvavebuli variaciebiT sxvadasxvaistorikosebTan gvxvdeba. 78 l. alfonsi varaudobs, rom flakusis wyaroswarmoadgens romaeli istorikosi pompeius trogusi, romelTanac esa Tuis xalxi aseTi TanamimdevrobiT ipyrobs marTvis sadaveebs: asirielebi,medebi, sparselebi, makedonelebi da bolos romaelebi. valeriusis ordorerum garkveul mimarTebebs gviCvenebs herodotosTan, romelic istoriispirveli wignis dasawyisSive gadmoscems elinebisa da barbarosebis erTmaneTTandapirispirebis mizezs, rac ramdenime etapad xorcieldeba:• finikielebi mividnen argosSi da moitaces mefe inaqosis asuli io(I. 1).• pirveli usamarTloba: elinebma, savaraudod, kretelebma, finikiistirosSi moitaces mefis asuli evrope;meore usamarTloba: elinebma aia-kolxidaSi moitaces aietis asulimedea (I. 2).• meore TaobaSi priamosis Zem aleqsandrem moitaca elene (I. 3).flakusisaTvis iupiteris gegmis warmodgenisas apolonios rodoseliver iqneboda modeli, radganac masTan araferia amis Sesaxeb naTqvami.mxolod is SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom oqros sawmisis mopovebis Semdegiasoni argonavtebs Seaxsenebs maTi misiis mniSvnelovnebas: hJmetevrh/ dÆejpereivdetai JHella;" ejformh'/, Ú hje; katefeivhn, h] kai; mevga ku'do" ajrevsqai (4. 204-5)`Cvens moqmedebas emyareba elada da Sercxvenasa Tu diad saxels Cvenganmoelis!~. flakusisaTvis amosavali isev da isev vergiliusi unda yofiliyo,ramdenadac masTan eneasis moqmedebas gansazRvravs fatum. rogorcCans, flakusis ordo rerum herodotosis danaSaulTa mizezis (aijtivhajdikhmavtwn) da vergiliusis penatebis gadatanis (translatio: Aen. 2, 324ff.)77 E. Lüthje, op. cit. 36-38.78Sdr. L. Alfonsi, Antico e meno-antico in Valerius Flaccos: Das Altertum und jedes neu Gute, für WolfgangSchadewaldt zum 15. März 1970, hg. v. K. Gaiser, Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln, Mainz 1970, 124-131.52

nazavs warmoadgens, rac masTan Semdegnairad aris modificirebuli: iupiterisgegmis Tanaxmad, oqros sawmisis meSveobiT (fatalia ... terga 5. 241f.)Zalaufleba gadadis aziidan saberZneTSi [medeas da oqros sawmisisgataceba], saberZneTis daqveiTebis Semdeg ki – [eneass penatebi gadaaqvsromSi] Zalauflebas romaeli xalxebi iReben xelSi; 79 romi ukeTesi troaunda gaxdes et genus Aeneadum et Troiae melioris honores (Val. Flacc. 2. 573). es ideaflakusTan ukavSirdeba herkuless, romelsac igi damatebiT epizodsuZRvnis da ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebs, vidre misi berZeniwinamorbedi. 80 Tu argonavtebis laSqrobas ganvixilavT rogorc aziismmarTvelobis sferoSi SeWras da, aqedan gamomdinare, usamarTlobad,rogorc amas soli amtkicebs, am garemoebas iupiteri kanonzomierebadmiiCnevs: sawmisis da medeas motacebas unda mohyves parisis mier elenesmotaceba. Sesabamisad, iupiteri flakusTan samyaros samarTliani ganmgebeliada eposSi ganviTarebuli movlenebic iupiteris ordo rerum-Tan uSualokavSirSia. flakusi aziis daqveiTebas mxatvrulad gamoxatavs TavispoemaSi apoloniosisgan gansxvavebuli epizodis, persesa da aietis omisCarTviT, aseve cunabula gentis Colchidos kolxi xalxis warmomavlobis daistoriis warmodgeniT, razec Cven qvemoT specialur TavSi gveqnebamsjeloba.Cndeba kiTxva: ra funqcia aqvs zogadad flakusis inovacias –iupiteris samyaros gegmas? valeriusi argonavtebis laSqrobas ukavSirebsvespasianusis miRwevebs (1. 1-21) da cdilobs, romis mier axali teritoriebisdapyroba miTosis doneze asaxos. britaneTis da okeanis damor-CilebiT vespasianusma wvlili Seitana romauli Zalauflebis gaZlierebissaqmeSi da romis, rogorc msoflio imperiis, upiratesoba gaamyara.valeriusi am azrs kidev ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebs, roca àrgonavtikis~SesavalSi vespasianusis Zis, titusis saomar warmatebebzec amaxvilebsyuradRebas (1. 12-14). valeriusis, iseve rogorc lukanusis, midgomaam sakiTxisadmi istoriul doneze Seesabameba samyaros gegmis mTavarprincips, romlis mixedviTac, Zalauflebis cvla samxedro upirateso-79 Val. Flacc. 1. 531ff. 2. 572ff. 5. 677ff. 8. 393ff.80 herkulesis roli gansakuTrebiT ikveTeba hesiones ganTavisuflebis epizodSi (Val.Flacc. 2. 445-578), Sdr. J. Adamietz, 1970, 29-38.53

iTa da omSi gamarjvebebiT miiRweva. es azri, SesaZloa, miesadagos oTxikeisris ZalauflebisaTvis brZolis faqtsac. Tumca, poets surs, Tanamedroveebsda, upirveles yovlisa, mmarTvels uCvenos is, rom warmatebaccvalebadia. amas cxadyofs is faqti, rom iupiteris winaswarmetyvelebaSierTmniSvnelovnad ar aris miTiTebuli, rom romis batonoba maradiulia.4. epizodTa ganvrcobis zogierTi aspeqti4.1. iasonis mSoblebis sikvdiliflakusis àrgonavtikis~ pirveli wignis bolos dawvrilebiT arisgadmocemuli iasonis mSoblebis, esonisa da alkimedes sikvdilis ambavi(1.693-850). amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami apolonios rodoselTan. esfaqti dasturdeba Zvel miTografiul tradiciaSi (Sdr. Diod. Sicul. 4,50,1-2;Ps.-Apollod. bibl. 1,9,27,1-2; cece Lykoph. 175), Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom sxvaadgilas aris ganTavsebuli da, flakusisagan gansxvavebiT, motivaciasmoklebuli. flakusTan mas movlenaTa ganviTarebisaTvis mniSvnelovaniroli akisria. iolkosSi moqmedeba ramdenime etapad viTardeba. peliasimrisxanebs iasonze, radgan man daiyolia akastusi, misi vaJi kolxidaSisalaSqrod gahyoloda. radgan uSualod masze ver iyris javrs, peliasigadawyvets iasonis mamaze, esonze iZios Suri (1.700-729). amis Semdgommoqmedebas gadavyavarT iasonis mSoblebTan, romlebic msxverplSewirvisrituals asruleben, im mizniT, rom Seityon Svilis xvedri. maT ecxadebaTkreTevsi, esonis mama. amSvidebs esonsa da alkimedes da uwinaswarmetyvelebsmaT vaJiSvilis warmatebiT Sin dabrunebas, ucxadebs esonspeliasis mzakvrul gegmebs da urCevs, Tavi manamde moiklas, vidrepeliasi gauswordeba; miuTiTebs imaze, rom miRmier samyaroSi igipativcemuli iqneba. esons aqvs alternativa: xmali iSiSvlos dagauswordes peliasis damqaSebs an xalxs mouxmos saSvelad. sakuTarZalebs ver endoba, radganac Zveleburad aRar uWris marjvena, imedsverc xalxis Tanadgomaze amyarebs, maTi meryevi bunebis gamo, amitommidis gadawyvetilebamde, Tavi moiklas. esons meuRlec sTxovs, marto ardatovos da masac Rirseuli aRsasruli argunos. vidre maT peliasisamala Semoeseva, samsxverplo xaris Sxamiani sisxlis SesmiT esalmebian54

sicocxles. peliasis msaxurebi klaven iasonis umcros Zmas (1.730-826).momakvdavi esoni am saSinelebis momswre gaxdeba. mesame monakveTSi aRweriliamiwisqveSeTi, sadac alkimede da esoni gardacvalebis Semdgomxvdebian.ra udevs safuZvlad peliasis gadawyvetilebas? iasonma akastusidaiTanxma, salaSqrod gahyoloda saxifaTo mogzaurobaSi. amiT safrTxeSeeqmneboda ara mxolod iasons, romlis Tavidan moSoreba surda peliass,aramed mis sakuTar vaJsac, akastuss. marTalia, akastusiapoloniosTanac iRebs monawileobs laSqrobaSi, aseve peliasis nebis sawinaaRmdegod,Tumca masTan akastusi Tavisi iniciativiT uerTdebaminiebs, aq ki iasoni eSmakurad iTanxmebs ufliswuls. intriga, romelicmimarTuli iyo iasonis winaaRmdeg, iasonis gamWriaxobis wyalobiT, isevpeliass ubrundeba sazianod. mefe Sedarebulia kretelebs, romlebicuZlurni arian caSi aWril dedaluss daedevnon. aseve uZluria daususuri peliasi zRvis winaSe. amis gamo mwifdeba masSi saSineliSurisZiebis gegma, romelic mimarTulia iasonis ojaxze. marTalia, esonimas daaswrebs da Tavs iklavs, Tumca peliasi imas mainc moaxerxebs, romjer kidev momakvdavi esoni umcrosi vaJis mkvlelobis momswre gaxados,riTac igi garkveulwilad mainc iyris javrs esonze. peliasis xeliTiRupebian udanaSauloni, ris gamoc is unda daisajos hadesSi.axla ganvixiloT, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba peliasis saqcieliiupiteris gegmis perspeqtivas. esons surs, daisajos peliasi imis gamo,rom man argonavtebi gagzavna salaSqrod, rac, bunebrivia, argamoricxavs imas, rom am procesSi sxvadasxva xalxs Soris omebimoxdeba. swored amas ganizraxavs iupiteris gegmac: marTvis sadaveebiunda gadavides aziidan saberZneTSi, amis gamo gagzavna man argonavtTalaSqari Ria zRvaSi, raTa gza gaexsnas belonas. peliasi, erTi SexedviT,iupiteris nebas axorcielebs, Tumca misi motivacia ewinaaRmdegebauzenaesis nebas. mas eSinia iasonis siqvelis da Tavidan moSorebismizniT agzavnis faTerakebiT savse laSqrobaSi, xolo is borotmoqmedeba,rasac iasonis mSoblebis winaaRmdeg Caidens, saerTod motivacias moklebuliada mxolod sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT xdeba. realurad peliasiaxorcielebs iupiteris nebas, Tumca misgan damoukideblad da gau-55

kuRmarTebulad. peliasis motivacias, rac Zvel miTosSic dasturdeba,flakusTan kidev ufro metad amZimebs udanaSauloTa mimarT Cadenili sa-Sineli borotmoqmedeba.miuxedavad imisa, rom mkiTxvelma a priori icis, Tu rogor isjebapeliasi, flakusi ufro met datvirTvas sZens am epizods, rodesac sworedaq, erTi SexedviT moulodnel adgilas, sakmaod lakonurad aRwerssulTa samefos (1,827-850); hadesis Sesasvlels ori kari aqvs: erTi yoveliadamianisaTvis, xalxisaTvis, mefisaTvis mudam Riaa, meore ki, mxolodiSviaT SemTxvevaSi, TavisiT iReba gansakuTrebuli pirovnebisaTvis, romelmacTavi gamoiCina medgari brZoliT, zneobrivi RirebulebebiT ankultmsaxurebiT (1.832-839). iq mdebareobs netarTa kunZulebi, sadackreTevsi miuZRvis esonsa da alkimedes (1,842-847). is maT uCvenebs imasac,Tu raoden saSineli sasjeli emuqreba peliass pirveli karis miRma (1,847-8). amis fonze maT aocebT im adamianebis pativSi yofna, romelTacTavi siqveliT gamoiCines. naTelia, rom esoni da alkimede netarTakunZulebze imkvidreben savanes, peliass ki momavalSi saSineli sasjeliemuqreba. ris mixedviT imsaxurebs an ar imsaxurebs mokvdavi iq moxvedras?es aris siqvele. esons msxverplSewirvis dros ecxadeba mamis aCrdili,romelic Seatyobinebs, rom peliasisgan safrTxe emuqreba, amitomsjobia, Rirseuli sikvdili airCios. Tavisi winaprebis Sesaferisi memkvidreiyos da STamomavlobisTvisac magaliTis mimcemi gaxdes. amitomurCevnia esons Tavi moiklas, vidre peliasisgan damcireba aitanos. rapozicia uWiravs am SemTxvevaSi iasons? misTvisac mTavaria virtus da gloria.maSin Cndeba kiTxva, ratom moiqca ase windauxedavad da ver gaTvala is,rom akastusis wayvaniT sakuTar mSoblebs Caagdebda safrTxeSi, xom aradgeba Crdili amiT mis siqveles, eneasisaTvis aseTi ram warmoudgenelia,igi uaRres saTnoebas gamoxatavs mamis, anqisesis mimarT. ufro metic,troadan ltolvis dros rodesac SeamCnevs, rom dakarga Tavisi meuRlekreusa, myisve brundeba da mis Zebnas iwyebs. albaT, amis gamo kreTevsisgamocxadebaSi iasonis Sesaxeb mxolod is aris naTqvami, rom ukangamarjvebuli dabrundeba. Sesabamisad, sakiTxi, Tu sad daimkvidrebsadgils iasoni gardacvalebis Semdeg, Riad aris datovebuli. Tumca isicgvinda aRvniSnoT, rom pagases navsadguridan gamgzavrebis Semdgom56

iasons, marTalia cota gvian, magram mainc moicavs uzomo SiSimSoblebis gamo.zogadad iasonis ojaxisaTvis mainc damaxasiaTebelia erTmaneTzezrunva. mSoblebi iasonze Relaven, iasoni ki mSoblebze. kreTevsic aSkaradesonis mxarezea, radgan igi daCagrulia, peliasis saqcieli kiaRaSfoTebs. Sesabamisad, urTierTobebi maT Soris moralur RirebulebebzeadafuZnebuli.flakuss virtus-Tan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi imdenad ainteresebs,rom poemaSi virtus-is Sesaxeb araromaelis Sexedulebasac warmogvidgens.kerZod, erT-erT tomTan, iazigebTan akavSirebs saintereso wes-Cveulebas,romelzec sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas. am adaTs moixseniebs e. w.skviTebis katalogis aRwerisas (aietis winaaRmdeg kolxidisken saomraddaZruli laSqris warmodgenisas, 6. 123-128) da mogvianebiT, xelmeored,kolxidaSi ZmaTa Soris omis amsaxvel erT-erT scenaSi, kerZod,iazigebis sardlis gesanderis aristiis scenaSi (6. 282-314); misi arsimokled aseTia: roca adamiani berdeba, marjvena aRar uWris da iaraRsveRar imorCilebs, mas Tavisi Zvirfasi memkvidre maxviliT mouswrafebssicocxles, vidre igi TviTon bunebrivi sikvdiliT aResruleba. mama-SviliamiT Tavidan icilebs mtanjvel lodins da orive sasaxelod miiCnevsaseT sikvdils.namque ubi iam vires gelidae notusque refutatarcus et inceptus iam lancea temnit erilesmagnanimis mos ductus avis haud segnia mortisiura pati, dextra sed carae occumbere prolisense dato, rumpuntque moras natusque parensque,ambo animis, ambo miri tam fortibus actis (123-128)flakusi am adaTs did mniSvnelobas rom aniWebs da oden eTnografiulcnobad ar miiCnevs, cxadyofs is faqtic, rom eposSi masze ganmeorebiTamaxvilebs yuradRebas, am momentisaTvis ki mkiTxvelisaTvis informaciulinawili ukve cnobilia. am adaTs ukavSirdebs poeti kolxi qurumisambavs. akvitess safeTqlebi mwvane alvis xis foTlebiT aqvs Semkuli,radganac mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi Relavs Tavisi Svilis, kirnusisusafrTxoebis gamo da mtris rigebSi daeZebs mas (6. 296-300). xanSiSesul57

qurums ulmoblad klavs gesanderi, Tanac dasZens, igi Svils romhyvareboda, manamde gaistumrebda saiqios, vidre aseT savalalo siberemdemiaRwevda (6. 302-316). sikvdilis piras misuli akvitesi RmerTs kvlavSvilis mfarvelobas evedreba.vidre am pasaJis interpretaciaze gadavidodeT, moviyvanT ramdenimeantikur cnobas, romelic, SesaZloa, flakusis inspiraciis wyaro gamxdariyo.herodotosi Tavis ìstoriaSi~ masagetebis Sesaxeb hyveba: ou\ro~ de;hJlikivh~ sfi provkeitai a[llo~ me;n oujdeiv~: ejpea;n de; gevrwn gevnhtai kavrta, oiJproshvkontev" oiJ pavnte" sunelqovnte" quvousiv min kai; a[lla provbata a{ma aujtw`/,eJyhvsante~ de; ta; kreva kateuwcevontai. Tau`ta me;n ta; ojlbiwvtatav sfi nenovmistai, to;nde; nouvsw/ teleuthvsanta ouj katasitevontai ajlla; gh`/ kruvptousi, sumforh;n poieuvmenoio{ti oujk i{keto ej~ to; tuqhǹai (1.216). 81strabonis mixedviT, iazigebis msgavsi adaTi unda hqonodaT masagetebs(11. 8. 5), sogdebsa da baqtriebsac (11. 11. 3); igi saintereso cnobasgadmogvcems kaspiebis Sesaxeb, romlebic klavdnen TavianT mxcovan winaprebs:Kavspioi de; tou;" uJpe;r eJbdomhvkonta e{th limoktonhvsante" eij" th;n ejrmivanejktiqevsin (11. 11. 8). 82 Tu naxavdnen, rom gvamebs Citebi daesien, ambobdnen,gansvenebuli netariao; Tu veluri cxovelebi da ZaRlebi daepatronebodnen,naklebad netariao. Tu gvams aravin miekareboda, micvalebulsubedurad Tvlidnen.Tu wyaroebSi dadasturebul informacias flakusTan warmodgenilversias SevupirispirebT, savaraudod, flakusi icnobs am adaTs, Tumcamas garkveuli transformaciiT warmogvidgens: axalgazrda Taoba sakuTarixeliT klavs xanSi SesulT, romelTac brZolis Zala aRar SeswevT.mTavari inovacia aris flakusiseuli motivacia: igi am adaTs ukavSirebscneba virtus-is gagebas. axla ki ufro dawvrilebiT: gesanderis locvaSi,romelsac igi gardacvlili mamis aCrdilisadmi aRavlens, Cans, rom esaris adaTi, romelic mas mama-papaTagan mosdgams, TviTonac asrulebs damomaval Taobasac gadascems. Sesabamisad, wesis ardamorCileba da81 maT adamianis asaki sulac ar aqvT gansazRvruli, garda imisa, rom, rodesac Zalianmoxucdeba kaci, yvela misi naTesavi moiyris Tavs erTad, daklaven moxucs da masTanerTad sxva saqonelsac, moxarSaven xorcs da inadimeben. es miCneulia maT Soris ubednieresaRsasrulad. xolo avadmyofobiT mkvdars ki ar Wamen, aramed marxaven daubedurad Tvlian, rom dakvlam mas ar mouwia.82 `70 wels gadacilebulebs SimSiliT klavdnen da maT gvamebs udabur adgilebSiyridnen. Tavad Soridan uTvalTvalebdnen~.58

ugulebelyofa mkrexelobad iTvleba tomis warmomadgenelTa SexedulebiT.flakusi am emociurad datvirTul scenaSi gviCvenebs gansxvavebasor msoflmxedvelobas Soris, magram sayuradReboa, rom flakusi warmogvidgensara elini/barbarosi dapirispirebas, aramed, zogadad, adamianTamsoflmxedvelobas Soris arsebul gansxvavebas: erTi mxriv, adaTisdamcvel iazigs, xolo, meore mxriv, kolxs Soris, romlisTvisacmiuRebelia es adaTi. garemoebas akvitesis statusic amZimebs, SemTxveviTiar unda iyos, rom igi aris mavedrebeli mama, romelic mTeli omisganmavlobaSi cdilobs, daicvas Svili ubedurebisgan. mkiTxvelis TvalSiaRSfoTebas iwvevs is, rom gesanderi xanSiSesul qurums, romelsac brZolisvelze waawydeba, ulmoblad klavs da ar Seibralebs mavedrebels.sikvdilis piras misuli akvitesi ki RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobasevedreba, rom RmerTma Svils aaridos mrisxane gesanderis xeli.rogor interpretacias aZlevs TviT flakusi am adaTs? akvitesigesanders Sewyalebas sTxovs: genitor tibi si manet, oro / canitiem, comesce minas et sitibi natus / parce meo, 305ff. gesanderi mas ar Seiwynarebs, ramdenadac es misadaTs ewinaaRmdegeba, Sesabamisad, misi Tvalsazrisi aseTia: `Genitor…ipsehac occumbere dextra/maluit…/ et tibi si pietas nati, si dextra fuisset,/ haut medii precibustereres nunc tempora belli” (308-314). gesanderisTvis es saqcieli aris pietas, damas rom akvitesi Seewynarebina, mis vaJkacobas Crdili miadgeboda,SesaZloa, Temidan moekveTaT kidec. amis safuZvelze germaneli mecnierie. liuTe miiCnevs, rom misi saqcieli SeiZleba SevafasoT rogorc virtussiqvele, ramdenadac is asrulebs wess, romelic mama-papaTagan mosdgams. 83Cven ar veTanxmebiT am mosazrebas, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT TviT gesanderisaRsasrulis formas: akvitesisadmi mimarTul sityvaSi gesanderiSeniSnavs, rom ymawvils nebismieri xvedri Sehferis: SiSveli xeliTbrZolac da daumarxavad darCenac ki: iuvenis sors pulchrior omnis: / et certassemanu decet et caruisse sepulchro (6. 313-4), Tumca TviTon mas sicocxlis bolowuTebSi qalebTan SebrZoleba uwevs da amaZonTa dedofali evrialeklavs (6. 379ff.). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gesanderma sakuTar Tavs yvelaze83 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971.59

samarcxvino ganaCeni gamoutana, rasac flakusi lakonurad ori sityviTgadmogvcems misive piriT: `heu pudor~ (6. 374).4.2. hesiones ganTavisuflebaflakusis àrgonavtikis~ meore TavSi argonavtebi kolxidisakenmgzavrobisas SeCerdebian troasTan, koncx sigeumTan. herkulesiaTavisuflebs mefe laomedonis asuls, kldeze mijaWvul hesiones, klavsurCxuls, romelic qalwuls sikvdils uqadis (2, 445-578). rogorc zemoTganxiluli epizodi, arc es gvxvdeba apolonios rodoselTan, masTanmxolod is aris aRniSnuli, rom argonavtebma Cauares troas sanapiros(Ap. Rhod. I 922-935). hesiones ganTavisuflebis ambavi miTologiurtradiciaSi argonavtebis TemasTan aris dakavSirebuli. amis Sesaxebcnoba gvxvdeba diodorosTan (Diod. Sic. 4, 32.42.49, savaraudod, dionisiosskitobraqionze dayrdnobiT) da higinusTan (fab. 89). diodorosTan espasaJi sxva adgilas aris warmodgenili da gansxvavebuli datvirTvacaqvs: masTan es aris pirveli punqti, sadac argonavtebi SeCerdnen; miniebiSemTxveviT xvdebian qariSxlis Sedegad am sanapiroze; herakle martoCadis gmirobas, telamoni ar imyofeba mis gverdiT; laomedonimegobrulad aris herakles mimarT ganwyobili, ar aris dasaxelebulimizezi, magram alkids surs, Tavisi jildo mogvianebiT waiRos, situaciakonfliqtamde ar midis, Tumca isic aris aRniSnuli, rom mogvianebiTgmiri mainc iZulebulia laomedons mosTxovos Tavisi kuTvnili jildoda troaze ieriSi miaqvs. higinusTan herkulesi da telamoni erTadibrZvian urCxulis winaaRmdeg. aSkaraa, flakusma am epizodiswinamorbedebisgan gasxvavebuli versia warmogvidgina, da, rac mTavaria,igi ar aris konteqstidan amovardnili, aramed organul kavSirSiapoemaSi ganviTarebul sxva ambebTan. am epizodis mniSvnelovnebasTandakavSirebiT mecnierebs sxvadasxva damokidebuleba aqvT: r. v. garsoniver xedavs, Tu ra datvirTva gaaCnia am epizods mTlianinawarmoebisaTvis; 84 h. m. purtvlie àrgonavtikis~ meore wignisaTvisTandarTul Tavis komentarebSi gamoTqvams Tvalsazriss, rom epizodis84 R. W. Garson, Some Critical Observations on Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica. I, CQ 14, 1964, 276.60

funqcia aris herakles rolis gamokveTa, 85 iupiteris samyaros gegmis ganxorcielebisaTvismniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia da, amave dros,flakuss aZlevs SesaZleblobas, gaejibros ovidiuss (Sdr. ovidiusTanpersevsisa da andromedas ambavi, Met. 4, 663-764). iupiteris gegmasTanmimarTebas purtvlie imaSi xedavs, rom aq gamosaxuli koncefciisTanaxmad, Zalaufleba unda gadavides aziidan saberZneTSi, Sesabamisad,troas omi am gegmis erT-erTi etapia. mecnieris Tanaxmad, hesionesepizodSi aRwerili movlenebi dakavSirebulia herkulesis mier troasdangrevasTan (rac miTologiuri tradiciiT pirveli gamodis), aqedangamomdinare, meorea troas omi; 86 g. manuvaldi ar eTanxmeba purtvlies imsakiTxSi, rom iupiteris gegmaSi laparakia troas pirveli dangrevisSesaxeb, aramed fiqrobs, rom troas omi aq argonavtebis laSqrobiskonteqstSia warmodgenili, ara mxolod imitom, rom argo pirvelixomaldi iyo, romelmac Soreul naosnobaSi miiRo monawileoba da amiTSesaZlebeli gaxda omebis warmoeba sxvadasxva xalxebs Soris, aramedimiTac, rom dakavSirebulia Zalauflebis cvlasTan: argonavtebi medeasitaceben da saberZneTSi mihyavT, mogvianebiT troeli parisi itacebsspartel elenes da troaSi miemarTeba. 87 Sesabamisad, am konteqstSi undaganvixiloT es pasaJic.am epizodis Sinaarsi mokled aseTia: argonavtebi moxvdebiantroasTan axlos, sigeumis koncxTan; miniebi banakis gaSliT ariandakavebulni, herkulesi da telamoni sanapiros gaswvriv seirnoben damoesmebaT sasikvdilod ganwirulis yvirili, dainaxaven kldeze mijaWvulqalwuls, dainteresdebian misi vinaobiT da xvedriT. qalwuliyveba, rom udanaSauloa, ilusis modgmas ekuTvnis, romelic odesRacbednieri iyo, Tumca amJamad ubedurebam moicva laomedonis saxli. Wiridaatyda mis qveyanas, Semdeg ki zRvis urCxuli, romelsac msxverpladswiraven TviT mas. igi imedovnebs, rom RvTis niSniT mxsnelad movleniliherkulesi gaaTavisuflebs, mis dasasaCuqreblad mama laomedons TeTricxenebi hyavs. igi herkuless daxmarebas sTxovs da darwmunebulia, rom85 hesiones epizodSi herkulesis rolis gamokveTis da iupiteris gegmasTan am epizodismimarTebisaTvis ix.: E. Lüthje, op. cit. 1971, 83-4.86 H.M. Poortvliet, C. Valerius Flaccus. Argonautica Book II. A commentary, Amsterdam 1991, 242f.87 G. Manuwald, Hesione und der "Weltenplan" in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, ROV III, München 2004, 147.61

mas SeuZlia gadaarCinos qalwuli da troa, radgan alkidi yvelasaRemateba Tavisi warmosadegobiTa da Zal-RoniT. herkulesi TanagrZnobiTganimsWvaleba asulis mimarT. am dros neptunusis nebiT amova zRvisurCxuli, dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili scena, Tu rogor ebrZvis herkulesiurCxuls da amarcxebs kidec mas (2. 497-537). 88 mwyemsebi, romelTaces ambavi gaiges, gaxarebulni arian; herkulesi aTavisuflebs qalwulsda amayad miemarTeba mefe laomedonTan. ganTavisuflebuli troelebi damefe Tavis ojaxTan erTad mis Sesaxvedrad moemarTebian, magramlaomedoni damwuxrebulia, radgan ar surs, Seelios cxenebs. laomedoniesalmeba gmirs, isini xom iupiteris STamomavlebi arian, iwvevs herkulessda sxva argonavtebs qalaqSi dapirebiT, rom momdevno dResgadascems kuTvnil cxenebs. Tumca sinamdvileSi ganzraxuli aqvs,herkulesi RamiT moklas da mis iaraRs daepatronos. radgan mas misnobiTsmenia, rogorc mTxrobeli ganmartavs, rom troa orjer daecemaherkulesis iaraRiT. Tumca vin SeZlebs priamosis samefos aaridosmomavali xvedri, gardauvalia troas dapyroba, rasac ukeTesi troas didebaunda mohyves (2. 567-573). herkulesi iZulebulia axali davalebis SesrulebismizniT laSqroba gaagrZelos skviTiisaken da mefes ukandabrunebas hpirdeba, ris gamoc am etapze konfliqti imuxtebaudavod am epizodis datvirTvaa herkulesis figuris gamokveTa:herkulesi am SemTxvevaSi mzad aris, rom sakuTari iniciativiT da arasxvisi brZanebiT, daexmaros sxvas. flakusTan mas, apoloniosisgangansxvavebiT, ukve Sesrulebuli aqvs 12 davaleba da mzad aris sxvasaqmeTa Sesasruleblad. is, rom herkulesi uars ambobs laomedonissaCuqarze, motivirebulia kolxidisken mgzavrobis gagrZelebis aucileblobiT.Sesabamisad, ar iqmneba konfliqturi situacia laomedonsa daherkuless Soris, rasac mis mier troas dangreva unda mohyoloda.davalebas am SemTxvevaSi TviTon hesione aZlevs herkuless da Tavisixvedris Sesaxeb mxolod mianiSnebs: ar ambobs, rom Wiri apolonis mieriqna movlenili, neptunusis mier ki zRvis urCxuli mamamisis laomedonisdasasjelad, radgan man Sepirebuli jildo ar misca RmerTebs, romle-88 brZolis scenebTan dakavSirebiT ix. H. Stadler, Hercules' Kampf mit dem Seeungeheuer (Val. Flacc.2. 497-549), ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 181-196.62

ic troas galavnis agebaSi daexmarnen. flakusTan hesione ar eubnebabolomde herkuless simarTles, ifargleba mxolod imiT, rom bednierebammiatova laomedonis saxli (2. 473-474). herkulesi am SemTxvevaSiimave mdgomareobaSia, rogorSic iasoni aRmoCnda kolxidaSi. msgavsadmedeac, iasons pirdapir ar uxsnis aietsa da persess Soris omiswarmoSobis mizezs, ufro metic, persess moixseniebs rogorc impius hostis(5. 396). mxolod mas Semdeg, roca aieti iasons uars etyvis sawmisisgacemaze, ganWvrets gmiri mefis namdvil saxes. laomedons ar sursdapirebuli cxenebi misces herkuless, piriqiT, cdilobs, dro moigos,rom am satyuaraTi miityuos da RamiTYveragulad gauswordes. flakusiaq rTavs motivacias, romlis Tanaxmadac, laomedons smenia, rom troaorjer daecema herkulesis iaraRis qveS (2. 570-571). msgavsad arismotivirebuli aietis tyuilic. man misnobiT icis, rom, Tu gascems oqrossawmiss, dakargavs Zalauflebas, amitom aRar iRebs yurad kolxi qurumisgafrTxilebas. laomedoni ewinaaRmdegeba misnobas, roca ganizraxavsherkulesis mokvlas, Tumca radgan herkulesi laSqrobis gagrZelebasapirebs, am momentisaTvis konfliqti imuxteba.g. manuvaldis Tanaxmad, flakusi svams TxrobaSi am epizods, Tumcacdilobs, rom ar iyos Tematizebuli masTan dakavSirebuli troaspirveli dangreva. aramed piriqiT, wina planze surs wamowios troasmeore dangreva. TviT SeniSvnac primum (2. 445), rodesac argonavtebisigeumis koncxTan moxvdebian, mianiSnebs imaze, rom mogvianebiT esnapirebi kvlav ixilaven berZnul gemebs. manuvaldis Tvalsazriss, romhesiones epizodi ar unda ganvixiloT iupiteris samyaros gegmis WrilSi,isic amyarebs, rom troelebi hesiones epizodSi moixseniebian ararogorc aziis warmomadgenlebi, aramed frigielebi (Sdr. 2. 485, 551, 578).rogorc Cans, flakusisaTvis es aris neitraluri saxeli troasaTvis,ramdenadac es saxeli gamoiyeneba geografiuli lokalizaciisaTvisac(mag., 2.633); poemis prooimionSi igi uwodebs iuliur-klavdianur modgasfrigielebs (1.9), riTac am cnebas akavSirebs romaelebTan. rodesacargonavtebi sigeumTan SeCerdebian, flakusi ar ambobs, rom es aziaa,aramed piriqiT, troadan gamgzavrebis Semdeg aRwers helespontoss,sadac xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom am adgilas imijneba erTmaneTisagan63

evropa da azia (2.613-615). manuvaldis azriT, am epizods iupiterisgegmisgan damoukidebeli mniSvneloba aqvs. misi funqciaa, gamosaxosgansakuTrebuli genealogiuri mimarTeba troelebsa da romaelebs Sorismisi saxelovani, magram TviT negatiuri aspeqtebiTac ki, romelic warmodgeniliahesiones ganTavisuflebis scenaSi da amiT `samyaros gegmaSi~warmogvidginos romi, rogorc ukeTesi troa. 894.3. herkulesis mier promeTes ganTavisuflebazemoT ganxilul epizodTan paralels gviCvenebs àrgonavtikis~sxva pasaJic, kerZod, herkulesis mier promeTes ganTavisufleba. vfiqrobT,saWiroa sagangebod SevaCeroT masze yuradReba.udavod, flakusi apolonios rodoselisgan aris inspirirebuli,rodesac am epizods rTavs Tavis àrgonavtikaSi~, Tumca aseve TvalsaCinoaam epizodis gansxvavebuli motivacia da axleburad gadmocemis survili.90 apolonios rodoseli ifargleba informaciiT, rac uSualodpromeTes tanjvas asaxavs. argonavtebi vidre kavkasuss Cauvlian, xedavenarwivs, romelic mifrinavs mijaWvuli promeTesken, esmiT tanjulisgminva da uyureben, Tu rogor mofrinavs ukan sisxliani frinveli (Ap.Rhod. II 1246-1259). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom masTan es movlena, gancalkevebiTdgas da moqmedebis ganviTarebisaTvis ar aris relevanturi, maSin roca,flakusi poemaSi ramdenimejer amaxvilebs mkiTxvelis yuradRebastitanTan dakavSirebul ambebze. am Temis SemotanisaTvis flakusi safuZvelsargonavtebis kolxidaSi misvlamde didi xniT adre amzadebs.igi poemis meoTxe wignSi warmogvidgens e. w. RmerTebis scenas, sadacapoloni, latona da diana Seamdglomloben herkuless, rom man gaaTavisuflospromeTe, rac misTvis Rirseuli davaleba iqneboda. meore mxriv,promeTes ganTavisuflebas amaod cdilobs iapetusic miwisqveSeTidan.Svilis keTildReobisaTvis mavedrebeli mama, romelic miuxedavad fu-89 G. Manuwald, op. cit., 2004, 159.90 promeTe moxseniebulia senekasTanac (Sen. Herc. Oet. 1207-1210); ovidiusi promeTes ukavSirebsadamianis Seqmnas (Ov. Met. I, 78-88). CvenTvis mniSvnelovania is informacia, rac higinusTandasturdeba: igi mogviTxrobs, rom gmirma gaafrTxila iupiteri morideboda Tetiss,ris gamoc madlieri RmerTi masTan herkuless agzavnis arwivis mosaklavad (Hyg.fab. LIV).64

iebis winaaRmdegobisa, cdilobs, hadesidan miawvdinos xma iupiters,savsebiT ucxoa apolonios rodoselisaTvis, iseve rogorc zemoT dasaxelebuliRmerTebis scena. iupiteri dahyveba ukvdavTa nebas da iRebspromeTes ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas. herkulesis mierpromeTes ganaTavisuflebis procesi detaluradaa aRwerili ukve mexuTewignSi, rodesac argonavtebi kavkasuss uaxlovdebian, magram erTi undaaRiniSnos, rom realurad maT ar ician, Tu ra xdeba sinamdvileSi, arcis ician, rom am dros kavkasusTan herkulesi imyofeba (5, 154-176).sagangebod gvacnobs poeti adgilmdebareobas, vidre promeTessamyofelis aRweraze gadavidodes. Tavdapirvelad dasaxelebuli arianxalibebi, romlebic rkinis mopovebis da iaraRis damzadebis xelovnebasfloben, iupiter geneteusis klde, tibarenTa mwvane tbebi, mosinebi, makronebi,biZerebi, filiras napirebi, romlebic odesRac saturnusmacxenis floqvis dakvriT Seazanzara. amis Semdeg aris dasaxelebulipromeTes `SiSismomgvreli samyofeli~ kavkasusi, romelic yinulovanarqtosTan aRmarTula (5. 154-5). araferia naTqvami promeTeze, uSualodgadadis flakusi promeTes ganTavisuflebis procesis aRweraze (5. 154-176). alkidi yoveli mxridan Zlierad aryevs myar borkilebs. is, rackavkasusis Seryevas mohyveba, warRvnis msgavsia, flakusi xatovani SedarebiTlakonurad gadmogvcems saTqmels: `gaisma xmauri, TiTqos maRlawamomarTul iupiters Seeryios eTeris simagreebi an neptunusis xelsmTeli qvemo samyaro~; da meore – aRwerilia gaoceba, ramac moicvayoveli suldgmuli, pontosis Tvaluwvdeneli sanapiro, yoveli iberi,armeniamde mosaxle da miniebi, romlebmac arc ki uwyodnen, rom mTebSialkidi imyofeboda. tantum mirantur ab alto (5. 173) migvaniSnebs, rom mxolodaxla dainaxes miniebma, is risi xmac aqamde esmodaT, aqedan gamomdinare,SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom ukve gaTenda: àxla maT didebuli zRvidanacvifrebs TovliT dafaruli napirebi da kldeTa lodebi, amasTanaveaocebT uzarmazari Crdili momakvdavi frinvelis, romlis sisxlic Savwvimad iRvreba haerSi~. apoloniosTan arwivi promeTes RviZlis sisxliTaris gaJRenTili, flakusTan ki is herkulesis mier aris daWrili dasisxlisgan icleba ingentem moribundae desuper umbram / alitis atque atris rorantesimbribus auras (175-6).65

ganwyoba umalve icvleba, rodesac argonavtebi ukve kolxebis mxaresmiadgebian, marTalia, mze ar anaTebs zenitSi, magram Camavali mze(`mze ufro axlos anaTebda wyalTan~, 5. 177) ise damTrgunvelad aRarmoqmedebs, rogorc Ramiseuli movlenebi: `dRis miwuruls ukve ixilesdaqanculebma nanatri kolxebi, sadac didi fasisi aqafebuli SesarTaviTpirdapir zRvaSi Caedineba~ (5. 178-180).zemoT ganxiluli ori epizodis urTierTkavSirs flakusi sxvaminiSnebiTac migvaxvedrebs. hesiones ganTavisuflebis gamo mefe laomedoniherkuless hpirdeba cxenebs, herkulesi ki imis gamo, rom kolxidaSimogzauroba unda gaagrZelos, dros ar kargavs da mefes eubneba,ukan dabrunebisas gauvlis da waiRebs kuTvnil jildos (2. 574-576).rodesac promeTes xvedriT Sewuxebuli RmerTebi iupiterTan ikribebian,am droisaTvis herkulesi ukve CamoSorebulia laSqrobas, apirebs kvlavtroaSi dabrundes, raTa laomedonis danapirebi ZRveni miiRos (4. 58-60),Tumca iupiters daiTanxmeben RmerTebi, rom gadawyvetileba Secvalos daherkuless macnes ugzavnis: gadados troaSi laSqroba da jer promeTegaaTavisuflos frinvelisgan (4. 78-80).ramdenadac argonavtebi kulturis matarebelni arian, maTi kolxidaSiCasvla, mTavari misiis garda, wesrigis aRdgenas unda emsaxurebodes.amdenad, dauSvebelia, rom im qveynebSi, sadac isini Tavisimisiis ganxorcilebis Sesabamisad xvdebian, raRac ewinaaRmdegebodesuzenaesi RmerTis mier dadgenil kanonebs, swored amitom SuamdgomlobenRmerTebi promeTes, rom akmaros RmerTma tanjva, rom `mxcovanmatitanma~ sakmarisad zRo danaSauli, swored amitom iRebs iupiterigadawyvetilebas ganTavisufldes promeTe. 91 flakuss SeeZlo jerpromeTes ganTavisufleba moeTxro CvenTvis da Semdgom mieyvana argonavtebikolxidaSi, an piriqiT, magram, niSandoblivia, rom ganTavisufleba,drois TvalsazrisiT, swored argonavtebis Casvlas emTxveva. aqve undadavukvirdeT erT pasaJs poemaSi, rac, erTi SexedviT, SesaZloa,uzustobad mogveCvenos. medea iasons daxmarebas aRuTqvams da mas aZlevsjadosnur saSualebas, romelic tanjuli promeTes sisxliT nasazrdo-91 H.J. Tschiedel, Prometheus und die Argonauten, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 304.66

ebi miwidan aRmocendeba (Val. Flac. 7. 355-370; Sdr. Ap. Rhod. III 844-866). rogoraxerxebs medea moipovos es mcenare, rodesac promeTe am droisaTvisukve ganTavisuflebulia da, Sesabamisad, misi sisxli veRar asazrdovebsmcenares. medea cdilobs, gamoiyenos wamali, romelic ukve aRar arsebobs.amdenad, misi jadosnobac Zaladakargulia. hans iurgen CidlisazriT, medea miekuTvneba arqaul samyaros, romelsac argonavtebis mierdamyarebul wesrigSi adgili aRar aqvs, Sesabamisad, misi argonavtebismier miRebac, ganwirulia, rac marTlac katastrofiT mTavreba. 92rogorc hesiones SemTxvevaSi gacxadebulia romaelebis warmomavlobada maTTan herkulesis kavSiri, promeTes SemTxvevaSic aRniSnuliamisi warmomavloba. rogorc Cans, flakusi gangeb aridebs Tavs isedaccnobili faqtis konstatacias, romelsac apoloniosi misTvis CveulipragmatulobiT warmoadgens, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs pasaJi, sadac iasoniTavisi qveynis Sesaxeb gvaZlevs informacias: àris maRali mTebiTgarSemortymuli erTi mxare, cxvrebiTa da saZovrebiT mdidari; iapetonidmapromeTem aq warmoSva keTili devkalioni, romelmac pirveladaRaSena qalaqebi da ukvdavT taZrebi augo da pirvelad gamefda adamianebze.am mxares irgvliv mosaxleni hemonias eZaxian. iqaa Cemi qalaqiiolkosi~ (Ap. Rhod. III 1085-1091). 93 romaeli epikosi iapetuss sentimentalurscenaSi warmogvidgens, Svilis keTildReobisaTvis mavedrebel mamad,romelic miuxedavad furiebis winaaRmdegobisa, cdilobs, hadesidanmiawvdinos xma iupiters.rogorc hesiones, aseve promeTes ganTavisuflebis ambavi ar arisdasaxelebuli iupiteris gegmaSi, Tumca gamoxatavs iupiteris nebas, missurvils, daamyaros wesrigi. Tu promeTes ambavi kolxidaSi datrialebulambebs, medeas / oqros sawmisis saberZneTSi gadatanas uZRvis win necvellera tantum / indignanda manent propiorque ex virgine rapta / ille dolor (1. 546-7), hesionesambavi SegviZlia miviCnioT troas omis preistoriad, anu aq aris eqsponirebuliis xalxi, romelTa xvedri dacemaa, Tumca momavalSi troaukeTesi romi gaxdeba, rac drois TvalsazrisiT argonavtebis laSqrobis92 H.J. Tschiedel, Prometheus und die Argonauten, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 304.93 Targmani mogvyavs wignidan: apolonios rodoseli, argonavtika. berZn. teqsti qarTuliTargmaniTurT gamosca, Sesavali, komentarebi da saZiebeli daurTo a. uruSaZem, Tbilisi1970.67

Semdgom moxdeba veniet Phrygia iam pastor ab Ida, / qui gemitus irasque pares et mutuaGrais / dona ferat (1. 549-551).daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im SemTxvevaSi, rodesacflakusi mihyveba Tavis elinist winamorbeds, yovelTvis axerxebs aqcentebisostaturad gadasmas, axali motivaciis Semotanas, zrunavs moqmedipersonaJebis Sinagani samyaros warmoCenaze, cdilobs, arcerTi epizodiar idges poemaSi gancalkavebiT, aramed organulad akavSirebs maT sxvasiuJetur elementebTan. flakusTan is epizodebi ganicdian difuzias,romlebic apolonios rodoselTan mxolod miniSnebis saxiT gvxvdeba, amSemTxvevaSi flakusi Zvel miTologiur tradicias eyrdnoba da iqidaniRebs inspiraciis wyaros, Tumca, rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, mTel rigSemTxvevaSi originalobiT gamoirCeva. miuxedavad imisa, rom mis eposSimoqmedebis ganviTareba, erTi SexedviT, sworxazovania, aRwers movlenebslaSqrobis dasawyisidan da gegmazomierad mihyveba ganviTarebulimovlenebis gadmocemas, romaeli epikosi misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Txrobisindividualuri maneriT axerxebs mkiTxveli yovelTvis uSualod movlenebisganviTarebis centrSi hyavdes, moqmedebis gadmomcemi epizodebimaqsimalurad gaaTavisuflos e. w. `mecnieruli detalebisgan~ da maTmeti dramatizmi SesZinos. imis meSveobiT, rom argonavtebis laSqrobisambebs da medea/iasonis Tavgadasavals gadmoscems ara TanamimdevrobiT,aramed mTeli Tavisi peripetiebiTa da amavdroulad Sors mimavali perspeqtiviT,SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi qmnis epikuri Txrobis axal formas. 94flakusis yvelaze saintereso novatoroba exeba kolxidasTan dakavSirebulepizodebs, rasac Cveni naSromis Semdegi Tavi eZRvneba.94 T. Fuhrer, Ahnung und Wissen: Zur Technik des Erzählens von Bekanntem, ROV, München 1998, 26.68

II kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis ganvrcobaargonavtikis problematikiT dainteresebul mkvlevarTa nawili garkveulkanonzomierebas xedavs argonavtTa Tqmulebis damuSavebisas, racmaT safuZvels aZlevs Tqmulebis versiebze ilaparakon. Cveni azriT, aqsaqme gvaqvs argonavtebis Tqmulebis berZnul da laTinizebul interpretaciasTanda ara am miTis sxvadasxva versiasTan, rasac cxadyofs kideczemoT warmodgenili mimoxilva. Tu argonavtebis Tqmulebis calkeulsiuJetur elements berZnul literaturaSi xSirad mxolod saberZneTiscalkeuli regionis istoriuli interesebisa da sruliad konkretuliistoriuli movlenebidan gamomdinare amuSavebdnen, romauli literaturisaTvises momenti ukve meorexarisxovani gaxda. a. m. evmeloss 95 es miTiainteresebs imdenad, ramdenadac is SesaZloa korinToss daukavSiros.pindarosi kirenes mefeTa winapars, batoss ukavSirebs argonavtTaTqmulebas, ramdenadac es ukanaskneli minielTa modgmis mefe iyo.Sesabamisad, pindaross es Tqmuleba ainteresebs qalaq kirenes daarsebiskonteqstSi. apolonios rodoselis poemaSi detalurad aris gadmocemuliargonavtTa kolxidaSi laSqrobisa da maTi ukan dabrunebis sakmaodxangrZlivi marSruti da yvela is ambavi, romelic esoden organuladdaukavSirda argonavtebs; e. w. mecnierul-etiologiuri interesis racSeiZleba farTod asaxva mas elinisturi literaturis konteqstSi aqcevs.is mniSvnelovani novacia, romelic berZnulma modelma ganicada romauliliteraturis farglebSi, exeba ara imdenad Tqmulebis saerToinformaciul plans, ramdenadac gmirTa moqmedebis motivaciebs dakonkretul movlenaTa ganviTarebas. 96 Tqmuleba argonavtebze romaelmweralTaTvis saintereso iyo ZiriTadad ori TvalsazrisiT: istoriulgeografiulida wminda mxatvruli. pirveli aspeqti romaelebisaTvisgansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, ramdenadac argonavtTa laSqrobis marSrutigarkveulwilad emTxveoda romis imperiis eqspansias anatoliasa da SavizRvispireTSi.istoriul-geografiuli informacia, romelic argonavtTaTqmulebis berZnulma interpretaciebma Semogvinaxa, romaelTaTvis axal,savsebiT konkretul mniSvnelobas iZenda. amdenad, àrgos~ eqspediciis95 G. L. Huxley, Greek Epic Poetry from Eumelos to Panyassis, London 1969, 60-70.96 mimoxilvisaTvis ix. c. gigauri. dasax. naSr. 1985, 49-79.69

saSualebiT romael poetebs SeeZloT, aesaxaT maTi Tanamedrove romis politikisaqtualuri mxareebi.bunebrivia, valerius flakusis inspiraciis wyaros warmoadgenda,apolonios rodoselis da sxva antikuri avtorebis garda, ara mxolodkolxidaSi argonavtebis eqspediciis Sesaxeb arsebuli nawarmoebebi dawyaroebi, aramed agreTve mTeli berZnuli da romauli epikuri poezia.Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ratom daamuSava valerius flakusma argonavtebis miTiab ovo, maSin rodesac eposis formiT es Tqmuleba jer kidev Zv. w. III s-SiSeqmna apolonios rodoselma? upirveles yovlisa, unda gaviTvaliswinoTvalerius flakusis Tanamedrove epoqis istoriuli procesebi daliteraturuli tendenciebi. rogorc cnobilia, jer kidev Zv. w. IIIsaukunis romaeli mwerlebisaTvis sakmaod aqtualuri iyo epikuri formiTnawarmoebebis Seqmna: 97 livius andronikusi (Zv. w. 280/260-200) cdilobshomerosis eposis laTinuri versiis damuSavebas. gneus neviusi (Zv.w. 270-201) Tavisi `punikuri omiT~ safuZvels udebs nacionalur romauleposs. sayuradReboa, rom rogorc tragediis, aseve eposis sferoSi igiupiratesobas aniWebs romaul sinamdvilesTan dakavSirebul fabulebs.eniusi (Zv. w. 239-169) ufro Sors midis da qmnis ànalebs~, rac ukve romisistoriis gadmocemis cdas warmoadgens.axali welTaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSi avgustusis epoqis didiaRmavlobis paTosi ramdenadme gadaeca e. w. principatis epoqis anukeisrebis epoqis literaturas. dramatuli Janris paralelurad popularulixdeba berZnuli eposis `Targze aWrili~ romauli eposi. e. w. neronisepoqisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani gaxda kvlav epikuri JanrisaRorZineba. lukanusi (ax. w. 39-65) qmnis cnobil poemas `farsalia~, romelicwarmogvidgens romis didebas ukve ara miTologiuri warsulisCvenebis saSualebiT, aramed samoqalaqo omTan da mis ZiriTad figurebTan:iulius keisarTan, pompeussa da katonTan dakavSirebuli ambebisCvenebiT.am dros iqmneba valerius flakusis àrgonavtikac~. garda imisa,rom romaeli poeti acocxlebs apolonios rodoselis scenars da warmo-97 mimoxilvisaTvis ix.: Handbuch der lateinischen Literatur der Antike (Hrs. v. R. Herzog und P. L. Schmidt),Bd. I (Hrsg. v. W. Suerbaum), München 2002.70

gvidgens yvela im komponents, romelic saSualebas iZleva misi àrgonavtika~miniSnebebis donezec gasagebi iyos misi Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisaTvis,valerius flakusi axdens am miTis politizirebas da Tavis nawarmoebSicdilobs, asaxos imperiis xmauri, romelic mas fanjrebidanesmis. 98 ra iyo misTvis stimulis mimcemi? izidavda mas iasonisa da medeaspopularuli ambavi, Tu amoZravebda maSindeli romaelebis interesi omisada vaWrobisadmi, dedamiwis Semecnebisa da eTnografiisadmi? flakusimiizida ara marto CamoTvlilma garemoebebma, aramed gansazRvrulma Tanadroulmamovlenebma. 99 aq igulisxmeba romis aRm. sazRvarze ganviTarebulimovlenebi, korbulos laSqrobebi, neronis ganzraxva, daemorCilebinaalbanebi kaspiis WiSkarTan, sarmatebis SemoWra misiaSi, vespasianusislaSqroba britaneTze da sazRvao gzis gaxsna, 100 oTxi keisris(oTo, galba, viteliusi, vespasianusi) ZalauflebisaTvis brZola, samoqalaqoomebi. 101SeiZleba iTqvas, valerius flakusis argo aris romis imperiissimbolo da misi mogzauroba Seesabameba romis bedisweras, xolo romisimperiis bediswera ki swored imperialisturi eqspansiaa, romelsacvalerius flakusis eposi ukavSirebs msoflio mSvidobis ideebs. istoriisxma naTlad ismis eqspresiul damokidebulebaSi, romelsac valeriusidasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris geografiuli sazRvrebistopografiis mimarT iCens (apoloniosisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic aravlens msgavs interess). es naTlad Cans maSin, rodesac argonavtebihelespontosSi mogzauroben da rodesac Sav zRvas (evqsinos pontoss)aRweven. geografiul-politikuri dayofis idea da sazRvrebis SegrZnebalaTinuri argonavtikis marSruts romis ekonomikuri da politikurigavlenis sferoSi ganixilavs – es aris apoloniosis àrgonavtikis~ eTnografiulida folkloruli xedvisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli98 T. d. papagelisi, argos laTinuri marSrutebi: valerius flakusis àrgonavtika~:àrgonavtebis laSqroba~, masalebi, 12-13 ivnisi, 2008, volosi, 99-107.99 R. Preiswerk, Zeitgeschichtliches bei Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 89, 1934, 433-442; P. Schenk, Studien zurpoetischen Kunst des Valerius Flaccus: Beobachtungen zur Ausgestaltung des Kriegsthemas in den Argonautica, C.H. Beck Verlag, 1999; D. Braund, Writing a Roman Argonautica: the Historical Dynamic, Hermathena 154, 1993,11-17.100 es cneba xazs usvams mniSvnelovan movlenas, kerZod, argonavtebis eqspedicias aRm.SavizRvispireTSi. am laSqrobiT saberZneTma gaikvlia gza SavizRvispireTisaken.101samoqalaqo omze flakusi uSualod migvaniSnebs àrgonavtikis~ meeqvse wignSi (6. 402-406).71

ganzomileba. elinizmis epoqis poeta doctus-is magivrad romaul àrgonavtikas~qmnis keisrebis epoqis romaeli poeti. flakusiseuli argonavtebismiTosi romauli realiebiT aris ganmsWvaluli. man eposs iseTi elferiSesZina, rac misi Tanamedrove romaelisaTvis aqtualuri da sainteresoiqneboda: gloria da virtus, potestas da timor, religio da sikvdilisadmi Tamamidamokidebuleba, commercia mundo da msoflios nawilad yofnis SegrZneba– yvela es faqtori simbolur asaxvas poulobs flakusis àrgonavtika-Si~. Tqmuleba argonavtTa laSqrobis Sesaxeb, romelic yvela epoqaSiinarCunebda Tavis aqtualobas, masTan axal ganzomilebas iZens. esgamoixateba tradiciulad cnobili epizodebisa da personaJebis gverdiTaxali motivebis da figurebis gaCeniT. winamdebare TavSi SevexebiT erTerTmniSvnelovan aspeqts, kerZod, SevecdebiT gamovkveToT, Tu rogoriformiT xdeba flakusTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebisganvrcoba.vidre flakusis àrgonavtikis~ im epizodTa ganxilvas SevudgebiT,romlebic Tematurad kavkasiasTan arian dakavSirebulni, gavarkvioT, radamokidebuleba aqvs valerius flakuss am informaciasTan, ra arismasTan, strabonis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, to; muqw`de~ kai; to; iJstorikovn (XI, 5, 3).unda gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoeba, rom misi eposi ar warmoadgensistoriuli xasiaTis nawarmoebs, aramed cnobil miTologiur TqmulebasamuSavebs, miuxedavad amisa, igi cdilobs, marTalia, poeturi formiT,magram sakmaod reliefurad gadmosces kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuliinformacia.argonavtTa laSqrobis istoriuloba jer kidev klasikuri epoqismwerlebs sjerodaT: hekateos miletels, skilaqs kariandels, herodotoss,Tukididess, qsenofons da a. S. eratosTenesi (Zv. w. IIIs.) wers:`Zveli xalxebi yaCaRobisa da vaWrobisaTvis Sua zRvaSi ki ar curavdnen,aramed napir-napir, rogorc iasoni~ (Strab. I. 3. 2). argonavtebis laSqrobisistoriulobis dasamtkiceblad strabonTan vkiTxulobT: Lšgetai d' 'I£sonamet¦ 'Armšnou toà Qettaloà kat¦ tÕn ploàn tÕn pˆ toÝj KÒlcouj ÐrmÁsai mšcri tÁjKasp…aj qal£tthj, kaˆ t»n te 'Ibhr…an kaˆ t¾n 'Alban…an pelqe‹n kaˆ poll¦ tÁj'Armen…aj kaˆ tÁj Mhd…aj, æj marture‹ t£ te 'IasÒnia kaˆ ¥lla Øpomn»mata ple…w. tÕnd ”Armenon e nai x 'Armen…ou pÒlewj tîn perˆ t¾n Boibh…da l…mnhn metaxÝ Ferîn kaˆ72

Lar…shj, toÝj sÝn aÙtù te o„k…sai t»n te 'Akilishn¾n kaˆ t¾n Suspir‹tin ›wjKalacanÁj kaˆ 'AdiabhnÁj, kaˆ d¾ kaˆ t¾n 'Armen…an pènumon katalipe‹n (Strab. XI,IV, 8). 102 TviT berZeni avtorebi eZebdnen argonavtebis miTSi sinamdvilesda, amdenad, maT winaSe yovelTvis idga problema, gansakuTrebiTgeografosebisa da istorikosebis SromebSi, maqsimalurad aesaxaTsinamdvilesTan miaxlovebuli istoriuli faqtebi.Cndeba kiTxva: ramdenad sarwmunoa berZen istorikosTa wyaroebiistoriulobis TvalsazrisiT. am SemTxvevaSi sakiTxs diferencirebuladunda mivudgeT. yvela saistorio werilobiTi wyaro Tavisi epoqis gamoZaxilia.masSi Tavs iCens avtoris pirovnuli Tvisebebi, misi sazogadoebrivimdgomareoba, politikuri mrwamsi; a. m. qsenofons (Zv. w. 426-355),romelic TviT berZnebs miaCndaT arasando avtorad saberZneTis istoriisSesaswavlad, qarTveli mecnierebi erT-erT sando wyarod Tvlian sworedimis gamo, rom misi interesebis sferoSi ar Sediodnen Zveli qarTvelitomebi. 103 herodotosis (Zv. w. V s.) principi iyo ìstoriaSi~ warmoedginamis mier gagonili Tu mosmenili faqtebi, miuxedavad imisa, sjeroda Tuara TviT mas am faqtebis WeSmaritebis. rasakvirvelia, xSirad berZeniistorikosi cdilobs moaxdinos am faqtebis analizi, gaakeTos saTanadodaskvnebi, gamoTqvas sakuTari Tvalsazrisi ama Tu im cnobasTandakavSirebiT, magram maTi sandoobis gansazRvras Tavad mkiTxvelsmiandobs. swored amitom, berZeni istorikosis yoveli cnobis ganxilvisaszustad unda gairkves, sad gvaqvs saqme herodotosis mier mosmeniliTu nanaxi faqtis aRwerasTan da sad am faqtis herodotosiseulinterpretaciasTan. 104 strabons (Zv. w. 63/64 – daaxl. ax. w. 24) ganuwyvetlivaRelvebs sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad damajerebelia is informacia, rasacgadmoscems. a. m., igi Tavis `geografiaSi~, rodesac amaZonebis SesaxebmogviTxrobs, isve rogorc sxva mraval SemTxvevaSi, dgeba problemis wi-102 àmboben, rom, rodesac iasoni armenos TesalielTan erTad kolxebTan mivida, manmiaRwia kaspiis zRvamde, iberiaca da albaniac gadaiara da didi nawili armeniisa damidiisa, rogorc mowmobs amas iasonisa da sxvaTa mimarT gankuTvnili mravali Zegli.armenosi iyo armeniis qalaqidan, im qalaqTagan erT-erTidan, romlebic mdebareobenboibeidisis tbasTan, ferasa da larisas Soris rom aris. isini ki, vinc masTan erTadiyvnen, dasaxldnen akiliseneSi da sispiritisSi, kalaqanemde da adiabenemde. mandautova armenias Tavisi saxeli~.103 T. yauxCiSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis Zveli berZnuli wyaroebi, Tbilisi 1976, 9.104 r. gordeziani, herodotes cnoba kolxTa warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, Tsu Sromebi, 162,arqeologia, klasikuri filologia, bizantinistika, Tbilisi 1975.73

naSe, ra aris miTiuri da ra istoriuli maT ambebSi da gvTavazobscnebebis to; muqw`de~ kai; to; iJstorikovn definicias: oƒ m n g¦r ¥lloi tÕ muqîdej kaˆtÕ ƒstorikÕn diwrismšnon œcousi· t¦ g¦r palai¦ kaˆ yeudÁ kaˆ teratèdh màqoikaloàntai, ¹ d' ƒstor…a boÚletai t¢lhqšj, ¥n te palaiÕn ¥n te nšon, kaˆ tÕ teratîdej ÀoÙk œcei À sp£nion· (XI, 5, 3). 105mas Semdeg, rac pompeiusma 65 w. dalaSqra iberia da kolxida, mniSvnelovnadgaizarda romaelTa Tvalsawieri kavkasiisa da kavkasielixalxebis Sesaxeb, Sesabamisad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom istoriuli wyaroebicam periodidan met sarwmunoobas iZenen. aRmosavleTis qveynebis da gansakuTrebiTaRmosavleT SavizRvispireTis mimarT interesi garkveulwiladairekla flakusis Tanamedrove berZen da romael avtorTa nawarmoebebSi.am procesma asaxva pova valerius flakusTanac. masTan gansakuTrebiT mkafiodvlindeba evropisa da aziis sazRvrebis SegrZneba (4. 720). evropisada aziis Sepirispireba jer kidev berZnul-sparsuli omebidan iRebs dasabams,Zv. w. VI s-is bolos da V s-is dasawyisSi. swored aqedan moyolebuligamoiyeneba es terminebi samyaros ori nawilis aRsaniSnavad da zogjerberZnuli da aRmosavluri cxovrebis niris aRmniSvnel ganzogadebulverbalur simboloebadac. 106 apolonios rodoselTan azia oriformiT gvxvdeba: ÆAsiv" (I 444 II 777) da ÆAsivh (IV 261-293). 107 argosis cnobil105 `... sxva ambebs miTiuri da istoriuli mxareebi gamijnuli aqvT: Zvels, tyuilsa dasakvirvels miTebi ewodeba, xolo istorias esaWiroeba WeSmariteba, Zveli iqneba Tuaxali, xolo sakvirveli an ar gaaCnia, an metismetad cota~.106 R. Gordesiani, Die Gegenüberstellung Europa Asien vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart, Logos Abhandlungen,Tbilisi 1997.107 ÆAsiv": idmonis winaswarmetyvelebaSi `me ki RvTaebis mkacri nebiT sikvdili miweriaSors – sadme aziis xmeleTze~ (I 444); likosi argonavtebs uyveba herakleze: `mas aziisxmeleTi fexiT gamoevlo~ (II 777); ÆAsivh: argosis sityvaSi ìyo dro, roca is mnaTobebi,zecaze rom cimcimeben, jer kidev ar arsebobdnen, arc danaelTa wmida modgmis saxsenebeliiyo. [qveynad] iyvnen mxolod arkadielebi – apidanelebi; arkadielebi, romlebic,gadmocemiT, mTvareze adre cxovrobdnen da mTebSi rkoTi ikvebebodnen. arc pelasguriqveyana imarTeboda saxelovani devkalidebisagan maSin, roca saxelganTqmuli iyo SaviyanebiT mdidari, uZveles TaobaTa deda-egvipte da diadi mdinare tritoni, romliTacirwyveboda mTeli Savi [miwa]. zevsisagan movlenili merexi arasodes ar asvelebda masda wyaldidobiTac sakmaod uxv nayofs iZleodnen xodabunebi. amboben, rom erTma vinmem,dandobilma Tavisi xalxis ZalRonesa da mamacobaze, aqedan gars Semouara mTels evropasada azias. laSqrobaTa Jams man daasaxla uricxvi qalaqebi, romelTagan zogi axlacdasaxlebulia, zogi ki – aRar; mas Semdeg xom mravalma saukunem ganvlo. xolo aiaaxlac mtkiced dgas da aq [cxovroben] im vaJkacTa Camomavalni, romlebic man aiaSisamosaxlod daamkvidra. amaT Senaxuli aqvT TavianT mamaTagan naweri kirbebi, romlebzedacirgvliv mogzaurTaTvis naCvenebia zRvisa da xmeleTis yvela gza da sazRvari~(IV 261-293); Eujrwvph mxolod aq moixsenieba kontinentad, danarCen sam SemTxvevaSi personificirebulia:I 181, IV 1643, III 1179.74

sityvaSi apoloniosi gadmogvcems sesostrisis mier aziis dasaxlebisambavs. rac Seexeba termins Eujrwvph, is mxolod argosis sityvaSi moixseniebakontinentad, danarCen sam SemTxvevaSi ki _ personificirebulia (I181, IV 1643, III 1179). flakusi rom did interess iCens dasavleTsa daaRmosavleTs Soris geografiuli sazRvrebis topografiis mimarT, naTladCans maSin, rodesac argonavtebi helespontosSi mogzauroben darodesac Sav zRvas aRweven. sagangebod aris aRwerili evropisa da aziisgasayari. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ramdenime faqtorze: es regioniuaRresad wyaluxvia. ubralod CamonaTvalic ki STambeWdavia: istrosisSvidtotiani delta, tanaisi, tirasi, yviTeli hipanisi, novasi, meotisisyure. wyali naklebad mariliania; saSineli yinvebis gamo zamTarSiyvelaferi iyineba. 108 aq aris swored evropisa da aziis gasayari (4. 727-8). 109 flakusTan sagangebod aris aRniSnuli da formulirebulimniSvnelovani istoriuli faqti: sazRvao gzis gaxsna – argonavtebis miersimplegadebis gadalaxva: freta, quae longis fuerat impervia saeclis, / ad subitam stupuereratem, 711f. romaeli epikosi aRm. SavizRvispireTis aRmoCenas Semdegi sityvebiTgadmogvcems: `pontosis yvela Soreuli qveyana da mefeni, Soreulixalxebi, isini axla aRmoCenilia~ Pontique iacentis / omne solum regesque patentgentesque repostae, 712-3.vidre vimsjelebT sakiTxze, Tu ra mimarTebas gviCvenebs flakusikavkasiasTan dakavSirebul informaciasTan, Tvali gavadevnoT, rogoricvleboda epoqebis Sesabamisad damokidebuleba am regionis mimarT. 110 kavkasiaantikuri epoqidan moyolebuli aRniSnavs qeds Sav zRvasa da kaspiiszRvas Soris. klasikuramdeli periodis berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviTkavkasia aRqmulia rogorc regioni, romelTanac dakavSirebulia108 Sdr. strabonis cnoba: èvropidan aziaSi xmeleTTa aRweris mizniT gadasvlisas Cvenmier gamoyofili ori aziuri nawilidan pirveli CrdiloeTiTaa, ris gamoc aRweraaqedan unda daiwyos. xolo CrdiloeTiT mdebare am qveynebidan pirvelad tanaisis mimdebaremiwebia, romelic (tanaisi) Cven evropisa da aziis sazRvrad davadgineT~ (Strab. XI,1, 5).109 Sdr. solis mimarTva iupiterisadmi, romelic paralelebs gviCvenebs meoTxe wignSi amregionis (zona, 1. 516) daxasiaTebasTan:1. 515 nube rigens – 4. 729 umbrosae nubes1. 512 saevum gelu – 4. 722-7261. 516 nostros ... zona reverberat ignes – 4. 729 umbrosae nubes.110mimoxilvisaTvis Sdr.: r. gordeziani, Lektav rCeuli naSromebi. К восприятию Кавказа вантичных истониках, logosi, Tbilisi 2000, 262-267; Herrman, Kauvkaso~, RE XI, 1, 59-62.75

promeTesa da argonavtebis Tqmuleba. klasikur periodSi kritikulanalitikuriazrovnebis ganviTarebasTan erTad xdeba informaciiskritikuli aRqma. am periodSi kavkasia legendarulis sferodanrealurSi gadadis. klasikuris Semdgomi periodis berZnuli da romauliwyaroebi ukve aRar arian orientirebulni opoziciaze elinebi/barbarosebi.am epoqaSi yalibdeba kavkasiis Sesaxeb realobis met-naklebad adekvaturiSexedulebebi. ufro Rrmad gaiazreba kavkasiis geopolitikurisituacia. yalibdeba Tvalsazrisi kavkasiis eTnikuri siWrelis Taobaze.cneba kolxida moicavs mravalricxovan toms, romlebic das. saqarTvelosteritoriaze saxloben. kavkasiis organul nawils warmoadgens amperiodis mweralTa Tanaxmad, kompaqturad dasaxlebuli iberia. SedarebiTmcirea informacia im tomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic kavkasiis Crd.ferdobebze binadroben. ZiriTadad yuradReba maxvildeba alanebze,sarmatebze, skviTur tomebze, romlebic gamoirCevian TavianTi mravalricxovnebiTada samxreTis tomebTan urTierTobiT. kavkasiis sinamdvilisamsaxveli cnobebi uxvad mogvepoveba berZnul mwerlobaSi miTridatesisomebTan dakavSirebiT (Zv. w. II s-is I nax.), rodesac romi sagangebointeresiT ekideba amierkavkasiis qveynebs. romis imperiis farglebisganvrcobasTan erTad farTovdeboda msoflio sazRvrebi. kavkasia sulufro met mniSvnelobas iZenda dapirispirebaSi dasavleTi/aRmosavleTi,evropa/azia da sul ufro da ufro izrdeboda interesi am regionisadmi.romis imperiis farglebis ganvrcobasTan erTad farTovdeboda msoflioistoriis ZiriTadi arenis sazRvrebi. amis paralelurad sul ufro daufro farTovdeboda kavkasiis roli evropisa da aziis gzajvaredinze.miuxedavad mravalricxovani adgilobrivi tomebis sistematuri urTierT-Setakebebisa da diferencirebulobisa, TandaTanobiT ikveTeba kavkasiiserTianobis xati. es procesi Sejamda stefanos bizantielis èTnikaSi~,romelic yvelaze didi qedis garSemo ganlagebuli regionis ganmazogadebelaRmniSvnelad gvTavazobs termins Kaukasianov~ an Kaukasivth~. 111111 Kauvkaso~, to; o[ro~, o} kai; Paropavnison kalou`si,twǹ kata; th;n ÆAsivan ojrwǹ mevgiston. to; ejqniko;n Kaukavsio~ kai;Kaukasiva qhlukw`~ ejpi; th`~ cwvra~, ajfÆ ou/ to; Kaukasianov~wJ~ Kaspianov~. kai; oujdetevrw~ Kaukavsion. levgetai kai; dia;tou` i Kauvkasi~, ejx ou/ to; Kaukasivth~, wJ~ to; ÆOasivth~ th`~ÆOavsio~.76

antikurma samyarom, romlis wiaRSic aRmocenda termini kavkasia, pirvelmaSeniSna misi umTavresi damaxasiaTebeli niSani – diferencirebulobada garkveuli erTianoba. Cvenamde moRweuli yvelaze adreuli wyaro, sadaces oronimi dasturdeba (Kaukavsou pevla~ `kavkasosis maxloblad~),aris esqile (Prom. desm. 422, Sdr. 719). herodotosTan termini dadasturebuliasami formiT: oJ Kauvkaso~ (I 203, 204) – kavkasosis mTis an qedisaRmniSvneli arsebiTi saxeli, Kaukavsio~ _ o{ro~-is msazRvreli (Kauvkasiono[ro~ I 104), Kauvkasi~ _ gamoiyeneba saerTod kavkasiis qedis aRmniSvnelarsebiT saxelad (III 97) da aseve msazRvrelad, Kaukavsio~ o[reo~ (III 97).Sesabamisad, herodotosTan termini gvxvdeba yvela im ZiriTadi sabazisoformiT, romelTa safuZvelze antikursa Tu postantikur wyaroebSi nawarmoebiaCvenTvis saintereso fuZis Semcveli yvela formativi. apoloniosrodoselTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi formebi gvxvdeba: uSualodkavkasosi msazRvrelebiT aijpeinov~ `maRali~: Kauvkason aijphventa (II1267); nifovei~ `Tovliani~: nifovento~ ... Ú Kaukavsou (III 1224). Kaukavsio~ formarogorc msazRvreli dasturdeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: Kaukavsou ejn knhmoi'si(II 1210) `kavkasionis mTebSi~; knhmoi`~ e[ni Kaukasivoisin (III 852) `kavkasiisferdobebze~; Kaukasivwn ojrevwn (II 1247) `kavkasiis mTebis~; Kaukasivhn a{ladÆ (IV,135) `kavkasiis zRva~. Kaukasivh aseve dasturdeba nimfa asterodeas,afsirtosis dedis warmomavlobis aRsaniSnavad: to;n me;n Kaukasivh nuvmfhtevken ÆAsterovdeia (III, 242);flakusTanac, rogorc zemoT dasaxelebul wyaroebSi, kavkasusi,upirveles yovlisa, aris is adgili, sadac promeTea mijaWvuli: Ultimusinde sinus saevumque cubile Promethei / cernitur, in gelidas consurgens Caucasus Arctos(5.155); consonat ingens / Caucasus (5. 161); quem te horrifero sortitus in axe /Caucasus 5. 518;quantus ubi ipse gelu magnoque incanuit imbre / Caucasus (6.612); ante meus caesa descendetCaucasus umbra (7.55). amas garda gvxvdeba amave saxelis personaJi, romelicerT-erTi kolxi meomris Tidrusis mamaa. Tidrusi kavkasusma fasisis napirebTanCasaxa Caucasus ad primas genuit quem Phasidis undas (6.641). es personaJipirvelad plutarqosTan gvxvdeba, romlis Tanaxmad, kavkasusis saxeliukavSirdeba mTas, romelsac am mwyemsis mixedviT ewoda kavkasosi da, Sesabamisad,am mTis eponimadac moiazreba: ... ProshgoreÚqh d KaÚkasoj di¦77

per…stasin toiaÚthn. Met¦ t¾n gigantomac…an KrÒnoj kkl…nwn t¦j DiÕj ¢peil¦jœfugen e„j t¾n ¢krèreian Boršou Ko…thj· kaˆ e„j krokÒdeilon metamorfwqeˆj [œlaqen· Ðd PromhqeÝj] ›na tîn gcwr…wn poimšna KaÚkason ¢natamën kaˆ katano»saj aÙtoàt¾n di£qesin tîn spl£gcnwn, e pen oÙ makr¦n e nai toÝj polem…ouj. Ò d ZeÝjpifaneˆj tÕn m n patšra d»saj plektù r…J katetart£rwsen· tÕ d Ôroj e„j tim¾n toàpoimšnoj KaÚkason metonom£saj, prosšdhsen aÙtù tÕn Promhqša kaˆ ºn£gkasenaÙtÕn ØpÕ splagcnof£gou ¢etoà basan…zesqai, Óti parhnÒmhsen e„j t¦ spl£gcna, æjƒstore‹ Kle£nqhj n g Qeomac…aj gegrafèj (Plut. fluv. 5, 3). 112Caucaseus romael epikosTan gvxvdeba Semdegi sityvebis msazRvrelad:kavkasusis mdinareebi da kldeebi: congeminant amnes rupesque fragorem / Caucaseae,stupet ipse dei clamoribus ales (6. 72); kavkasiis kldeebi: Caucaseis speculatrix Iunoresedit / rupibus (7.190); kavkasiis mTebi: vix ea, Caucaseis cum lapsus montibus anguis(5.253); kavkasiis nimfebi ad sua Caucaseae producunt flumina nymphae (5. 381);kavkasiis yvavili: Prometheae florem de sanguine fibrae / Caucaseum promit nutritaquegramina monti (7. 357); kavkasiis xeebi: Caucaseaeque trabes omnisque Aeetia tellus (7.565). sainteresoa, rom flakusTan Caucaseus, zemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebisgarda, gansazRvravs promeTes eTnikur warmomavlobas; igi moixseniebarogorc kavkasieli mxcovani: 'in quem alium Alciden, in quae iam tempora differs/ Caucaseum, rex magne, senem? (4.63).calke unda SevexoT skviTiis sakiTxs, ras aRniSnavs flakusTan escneba, SesaZloa Tu ara misi lokalizeba, ras efuZneba is garemoeba, romromaeli epikosi skviTebad moixseniebs iseT tomebs, romlebic ar arianskviTuri warmomavlobis, riTi aixsneba is faqti, rom TviT kolxi aietida kolxi qalwuli medeac masTan ramdenime adgilas skviTebad moixseniebian?pirvelad skviTia herodotosTan gvxvdeba zedsarTauli formiTSkuqikhv (IV 12, 28, 51, 76, 101, 125, 130, 139), rasac umetes SemTxvevaSi Tan da-112 `...xolo kavkasioni Semdegi garemoebis gamo ewoda. gigantebTan brZolis Semdegzevsis muqaras gamoqceulma kronosma “boreasis sarecels” Seafara Tavi da niangadqceuli iq imaleboda. magram [promeTevsma], romelmac erTi adgilobrivi mcxovrebi –mwyemsi kavkasosi mokla da misi Signeuloba gamoikvlia, Tqva, rom mtrebi Sors ariyvnen. aq mosulma zevsma mama dagrexili matyliT Sekra da qvesknelSi Caagdo. mTas kimwyemsis pativsacemad daarqva kavkasosi, mas miajaWva promeTe da aiZula daeTminatanjva – RviZls ukortnida arwivi mwyemsis gul-RviZlisTvis miyenebuli Seuracxyofisgamo. ase gadmogvcems kleanTesi “Teomaqiis” III wignSi.~78

erTvis leqsikuri formativebi cw`ra da gh` (I 105; IV 8, 99, 123, 129).herodotosis dros skviTia moicavs teritorias qvemo istrossa da tanaissSoris. CrdiloeTiT saxloben araskviTuri tomebi: agaTirsebi, nevrebi,androfagebi da melanqlenebi. samxreTiT esazRvreba pontos evqsinosi.herodotosis gagebiT, skviTebis qveyana didi xnis ganamavlobaSiwarmoadgenda Caketil politikur mTlianobas, vidre iq ar SeiWrnensarmatebi, ris Semdegac skviTia sarmatiad iwodeboda, Tumca skviTiis saxeldebaukvalod ar gamqrala, igi samx.-aRm. evropis yvela nomaduri danawilobriv momTabare tomebis, maT Soris monaTesave sarmatebis (romlebicxSirad skviTebadac moixseniebian) ganmazogadebel terminad iqca,imdenadac ki, rom es saxeldeba Crd. aziur tomebzec vrceldeboda. Sesabamisad,ar aris gasakviri strabonis cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, mTeliCrd. azia skviTebis qveyanaa: E„splšonti d' n dexi´ m n to‹j EÙrwpa…oij oƒsunece‹j SkÚqai nšmontai kaˆ Sarm£tai oƒ metaxÝ toà Tan£idoj kaˆ tÁj qal£tthjtaÚthj, nom£dej oƒ ple…ouj, perˆ ïn e„r»kamen· n ¢rister´ d' oƒ prÕj ›w SkÚqai,nom£dej kaˆ oátoi, mšcri tÁj ˜óaj qal£tthj kaˆ tÁj 'IndikÁj parate…nontej. ¤pantajm n d¾ toÝj prosbÒrrouj koinîj oƒ palaioˆ tîn Èll»nwn suggrafe‹j SkÚqaj kaˆKeltoskÚqaj k£loun· (Strab.XI,6,2). 113 geografos marinosTan daptolemaiosTan kvlav vxvdebiT cnobas imis Sesaxeb, rom skviTebissaxeldeba vrceldeboda Crd. aRmosavleTis udides nawilze, maSin roca,am droisTvis Zveli skviTuri teritoriebi evropaSi sarmatiad iwodeba,romelsac md. tanaisi mijnavda evropul da aziur nawilebad. 114 berZnuliterminiT Skuvqai (laT. Scythae) moixseniebdnen tomebs, romlebicupiratesad momTabare cxovrebas eweodnen da romlebic Zv. w. VIIsaukunidan gvianantikurobamde moyolebuli CrdiloeTSi da pontosevqsinosis Crd.-das.-iT saxlobdnen. Crd. sazRvrebad moiazrebodateritoria mdinareebs istrossa (dunai), tirass (dnestri), hipaniss,borisTeness (dnepri) da tanaiss (doni) Soris. berZnebis da romaelebis113 `Sig rom SevcurdebiT (kaspiis zRvaSi), marjvena mxares, evropelebis momijnaveniarian skviTebi da sarmatebi, romlebic cxovroben tanaissa da am zRvas Soris. eseni,rogorc ukve vTqviT, metwilad momTabareebi arian. marcxena mxares ki arian aRmosavleTisskviTebi. esenic momTabareebi arian da gadaWimulni arian aRmosavleTiszRvamde da indoeTamdec ki. Zveli elini aRmwerelni yvela am CrdiloeTis xalxebssazogadod skviTebsa da keltoskviTebs uwodebdnen~.114 K. Kretschmer, Scythia, RE II A,1, 942-946.79

Sexeduleba skviTebis Sesaxeb ambivalenturia: erTi mxriv, skviTebsmiiCnevdnen barbarosebad, meore mxriv, bunebasTan daaxlovebul,samarTlian da morwmune adamianebad (Thuk.2,97; Strab.7,3,7f.). dariosislaSqrobebTan dakavSirebiT skviTebi pirvelad herodotosTandasturdebian. bizantiuri periodis CaTvliT skviTebad ganusxvavebladmoixseniebodnen CrdiloeTis da Crd.-aRm. barbarosi xalxebi. 115antikur wyaroebSi ar aris azrTa erTianoba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramasStabebs moicavs skviTia. es viTareba aisaxeba flakusTanac. igi àrgonavtikis~SesavalSive faziss moixseniebs skviTur mdinared da aietsacda medeasac skviTebad miiCnevs hunc ferus Aeetes, Scythiam Phasinque rigentem(1.43); da Scythiam Phasinque mihi tuque, innuba Pallas (1. 87); kreTevsis misnobaSimedea moixsenieba rogorc sapatarZlo skviTiidan mox Scythiae spoliisnuribusque superbus / adveniet (1.745). Tumca, amavdroulad, meeqvse wignSi, sadacaieti da persesi upirispirdebian erTmaneTs, kargad aris gamijnuli, Tuvin moiazrebian kolxebad da vin maTTan dapirispirebul Zalad: Musa,mone, quanto Scythiam molimine Perses / concierit (6.34) `muzav, Semaxsene rogorimowadinebiT aRagznebda persesi skviTias~; Talia certatim Minyae sparsique Cytaei /funera miscebant campis Scythiamque premebant (6. 428) ` miniebma brZolaSigainawiles kviteelebis xvedri brZolis velze da Seaviwroves skviTebi~;'quid me iam patriis eiectum sedibus istas / ut struerem pugnas Scythiamque in bella moverem /vos superi (6. 728) gawbilebuli persesi mimarTavs qalRmerTebs, rom omSiskviTia damarcxda; Sdr. aseve sic demum rapidi venies ad Phasidis amnem. / castra ibiiam Scythiae fraternaque surgit Erinys (4.617); finevsis misnobaSi kolxebTan dapirispirebuliZala iwodeba skviTebad: concutiens Scythiaeque super tentoria sistit(6.7) `bolos mixval mCqefare fasisis wylebTan iq ukve skviTebis karvebiagaSlili~; Sdr. aseve persesis damxmare Zala, romlebic skviTur razmadmoixsenieba nec minus hinc urget Scythiae manus armaque Canthi (6. 350); aut Scythiae tantainde manus (7.424); kimerieli misani vanusi skviTiis axalgazrdobas argonavtebislaSqrobebis Sesaxeb uambobs: Vanus, eum Scythiae iam tertia viderat aetas (6.115); persesis mokavSire kolaqsesi mimarTavs argonavtebs 'vos Scythiae saturare115 I. v. Bredov, Skythen, DNP 11, 644-656.80

canes Scythiaeque volucres / huc miseri venis? (6. 647) `modiT, ugnurno, skviTiisZaRlebis da skviTiis frinvelebis sajijgnad.~Scythicus zedsarTauli forma flakusTan gvxvdeba msazRvrelad SemdegSemTxvevebSi: skviTuri fasisi (1.2); skviTuri zRva (1. 58, 1. 331, 2.379, 2.574); skviTiis mefe (1. 345, 1. 442); skviTiis miwa (1. 442); skviTiis Svili sic.aieti (1. 503); skviTiis mdinare (2. 595); skviTuri samsxverplo (2. 648); skvi-Tiis simdidre (3.307); skviTiis mefeebi (3. 496); skviTiis qveyana (3. 617); skvi-Turi napirebi (3. 653, 6.49, 7.42); skviTiis xalxi (4.9); skviTuri mSvildi (4.728); skviTiis qalaqi (5.224, 5. 325); skviTiis saxlebi (5. 516); skviTiis yure(6. 319); skviTuri istrusi (8.185).TvalSisacemia flakusis damokidebuleba am terminebis SerCevisas:rac ufro uaxlovdebian argonavtebi nanatr kolxidas, miT ufro metikonkretizacia da diferenciacia xdeba; a. m. Tu naosnobis daniSnulebismxare argonavtebis mogzaurobis dasawyisSi ganzogadebuli saxeliTCrdiloeTiT (arctos), fazisi skviTur mdinared, xolo aieti da medea skvi-Tebad moixseniebian (1. 345, 1. 442), argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisaTvismeti konkretizacia xdeba. eTnikurobis ganmsazRvreli sxvadasxvatermini iCens Tavs: kolxi 116 , aieli 117 , kviteeli 118 , fasiseli 119 . medeaTu poemis dasawyisSi moixsenieba rogorc sapatarZlo skviTiidan, argo-116 Colchus: ...saevi capient quae gaudia Colchi, 3.698; Phasidis et mites' inquit 'dent vellera Colchi, 4.706; apparenttrepidi Phasidis ostia Colchi, 5.440; hinc pariter Colchi Graique sequuntur / missilibus, 6.190; concurruntultroque ruunt in funera Colchi, 6. 241; atque 'hanc, o siquis vobis dolor iraque, Colchi, / accelerate viam 8.264; quaiussos sectatur quaerere Colchos / arte queat, 1.66; repperit et Colchos in me luctumque meorum, 1. 201; ei mihi,Colchos / unde ego et avecti timuissem vellera Phrixi?, 1. 327; tu quoque Phrixeos remo, Poeantie, Colchos / bisLemnon visure petis, 1. 391; prodigiis quatiuntque truces oracula Colchos, 1. 743; ipse truces illic Colchoshostemque iuvabis, 4.618; vosque, viri, optatos huc adfore credite Colchos, 3.82; coeperat optatos iam lux ostendereColchos, 5.178; cernis,' ait 'Colchos habeant quae proelia quique, 5. 283; Phasidis hos imponat agris Colchosquevocari / imperet, 5. 420; ac simul hinc Colchos, hinc fundit in aequora Persen, 6.30; Graiugenas, omnes rapturusacumine Colchos, 6. 389; dispulerant Colchos pariterque inglorius Armis, 6. 530; venerat ut Colchos procul atqueAeetia Parthis, 6. 691; fas mihi non habiles, fas et tibi linquere Colchos, 7. 231; quisve pudor Colchos iterumfratremque videnti, 8.313; haud usquam Colchorum animi ~neque in peste revinctos~ / tela, 6.417; robur inest; necenim solis dare funera Colchi, 3.681; haec tum miracula Colchis / struxerat, 5.451; non opus auxilio Colchis necfoedere vestro, 5. 633; quem genitor Colchis solioque imponere fratris / iam statuit, 6.742; te iubet aut ullas Colchisabducere natas, 8. 156; nec numero quoniam Colchis nec puppibus aequos, 8. 320; infesto clamore ruunt inimicaqueColchis / aequora, 8. 326; lumina et admotis nimium mens anxia Colchis / profuit, 5. 50.117 Aeaeus: Caspius Aeaeum correpto crine Monesen /abstulit (6.189).118 Cytaeus (a) adj.: sed fama Cytaeae / virginis 6.156; fertur et ipsa furens ac se modo laeta Cytaeis / agminibus, 6.543; aspicis ut Minyas inter proceresque Cytaeos / emicet effulgens quantisque insultet acervis, 6. 595; tum iuvenemterris Parcae tenuere Cytaeis / ac subiti Mavortis amor, 6. 693; (b) subst.: Talia certatim Minyae sparsique Cytaei /funera miscebant campis Scythiamque premebant, 6.427; ...nova lux offusa Cytaeis, 5.466.119 Phasiades: et desertus equo Thydrum pedes excipit hasta / Phasiaden, 6.640.81

navtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisaTvis kolx qalwulad iwodeba. 120ufro reliefurad imijneba erTmaneTisagan CrdiloeT da aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTi.es kargad Cans epiTetebisa da Sedarebebis donezec; TuCrdiloeTis eqsponirebaSi Warbobs Tovli, gausaZlisi klimaturi dasayofacxovrebo pirobebi, kolxidis dasaxasiaTeblad mravalgzis gamoiyenebamzis, siTbos da sinaTlis aRmniSvneli terminebi. 121 Crd. SavizRvispireTizogadad moxseniebulia terminiT Arctos. 122 CrdiloeTi kargadaris eqsponirebuli flakusTan iazigi meomris gesanderis sityvaSi, romliTacargonavt kanTuss SiSs hgvris: `Sen, argivelo, romelmac essacxovrisebi myudrod da adamianurad miiCnie, xedav aq, sabralov,gansxvavebul JamTa cvlas, masazrdovebel Tovls da sicocxlis droulugulebelyofas. arc mCate niCbebze xelebis dawyoba gvexerxeba, da arczurgqaris lodini gvWirdeba. cxenebs davaqrolebT zRvis gayinul SuagulSian iq, sadac istrosi wyals aCuxCuxebs. ar vwyalobT Tqveniqalaqis kedlebs: axla Tavisuflad davqrivar CrdiloeTis zegnebze.yvelaferi maqvs da yovelives Tan davatareb; SesaZloa mxolod etli davkargoda am nadavlsac didi xniT ver daisakuTreb rogorc gamarjvebuli.sazrdo ki Cveni aris yovelgvari pirutyvi Tu nadiri; gaugzavneaziis, argolidis mcxovrebT ambavi, rom SiSi nu eqnebaT: arasodesdavtoveb me am yinvas, am kldeebs, marsis velebs, sadac aseT SmagmdinareSi Cveni STamomavloba da axalSobilebi gamovawrTeT, sadac amdengvariasikvdili kacTaTvis. amgvarad mSobliur yinvaSi omic danadavlis mopovebac tkbilia~ (6. 323-339).120 Colchis: Colchis erat nondum miseros exosa parentes, 5.349; fundere taeda / Colchis et aequali dominam lustrarecaterva, 7.181; et iamiam magico per opaca silentia Colchis, 7. 389;...sed non incendia Colchis / adspirare sinitclipeoque inliditur ignis, 7. 584;... alium dehinc turbida Colchis / exarmat, 7. 596; Iamque manus Colchis~crinem~que intenderat astris, 8.68; Somne pater: 'Somne omnipotens, te Colchi[di]s ab omni, 8. 70; contraTartareis Colchis spumare , 8. 83; Colchis et Haemonius nobis succedet adulter, 8. 338; sensit diva dolosiam pridem sponte requirens / Colchida, 6.468; His ubi nequiquam nutantem Colchida curis / Iuno videt, 7.153;Cytherea petivit / Colchida, 7. 190; flebat et invito prospexit Colchida vultu, 7. 575; At trepidam in thalamis et iamsua facta paventem / Colchida, 8.2; gemit inritus ille / Colchidos ora tuens, 7.369; ergo iter ad sociasconvertere Colchidos artes, 7. 625; Sdr. kolxi qalebi Colchides aequalesque tibi, Medea, puellae, 8.142.121 ergo ubi lux altum sparget mare (5.318); Sol propius flammabat aquas extremaque fessis/ coeperat optatos iamlux ostendere Colchos (5.177-8). kolxidaSi mdebareobs mzis RmerTis, solis taZari; aietisolis vaJia; iasoni mas mimarTavs rogorc hiperionis Zes rex Hyperionide (5.471).122 cernitur, in gelidas consurgens Caucasus Arctos, 5.155; signa gerens omnemque quatit rumoribus Arcton, 5.272;Soligenam Aeeten media regnare sub Arcto, 5.317; cum vada Thyrsagetas gelida liquisse sub Arcto, 6.140; necclarior ullis / Arctos equis, 6.147; Sdr. aseve zedsarT. forma Arctous: 3.499; 5.619; 6.295, 330.82

Tumca aseve ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom poemaSi gvxvdeba ori pasaJi,sadac `garkveul aRrevasTan~ gvaqvs saqme: aieti da medea skviTebadmoixseniebian mas Semdegac, rac argonavtebi ukve kolxidaSi imyofebian:pirveli, rodesac flakusi aRwers aietis reaqcias, rodesac man iasonisTxovna moismina, igi Tavis Tavs skviTebTan aigivebs: Scythiae periisse timores`skviTiis winaSe gamqrala SiSi~ (5.524-5); da meore, sadac gadmocemuliasamSoblos mitovebiT gamowveuli medeas gancdebi, poeti ambobs: nullapalus, nullus Scythiae non maeret euntem / amnis (8.209) `skviTiis yvela Waobi da mdinaredardobs, is rom midis~. Sdr. aseve eTnikurobis aRmniSvneli md. sq.leqsikuri formativi Scythis `skviTi qali~, romelic gen. pl.-s formiTgvxvdeba, iq, sadac aRwerilia medeas sizmari Phasidis aequali Scythidumcomitante caterva (5.342) `fasisis napirebze Tan axlavs [medeas] TanatolskviT qalwulTa jgufi~.aseTi aRrevebi, Cveni azriT, swored imiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli,rom termini skviTi farTo cnebaa. jer kidev evmelosis (Zv. w. VIII s.)fragmentebSi aris moxseniebuli, rom aietma, romelsac wilad xvda korinTosSimefoba, dautova igi bunoss da TviTon skviTiis kolxidaSiwavida (pindarosis sqoliasti, Ol. XIII, 74; cece likofronis 174 taepisSes.).hirkania mdebareobs kaspiis zRvis samx.-aRm.-iT, ris gamoc mravaliistoriuli wyaro kaspiis zRvas hirkaniis zRvadac moixseniebs. “am zRvisCrd.-das. nawils upiratesad kaspiisa ewodeboda, xolo mis samx.-aRm. nawilski _ hirkaniisa, imis Sesabamisad, Tu tomebi _ kaspi(el)ebi da hirkane(le)bi_ sad cxovroben, zRvis nawilebsac saxelebi iseTive aqvT”. 123hirkaniis samx. nawili esazRvreba danarCen irans da maT Soris bunebrivsazRvars qmnis maRalmTiani masivi, romelze gadasasvlel uReltexilsacuwin ewodeboda kaspiis WiSkari anu Portas Caspiae. 124 Hyrcania rogorc regionisaRmniSvneli termini flakusTan ar gvxvdeba, Tumca naxsenebia Caspiaclaustra amaZonebTan dakavSirebiT: cum redit ingenti per Caspia claustra triumpho123 T. yauxCiSvili, berZeni mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, V (Zv. berZ. Targmna,gamokv. da saZieb. daurTo T. yauxCiSvilma), Tbilisi 1983, 137.124 Kiessling, Hyrkania, RE, IX 1, 454-526.83

(5.124). 125 Hyrcanus masTan warmodgenilia rogorc msazRvreli Perses / barbaricasmovit opes Hyrcanaque signa `hirkaniuli saomari niSnebi~ (3.494) da aseve dasturdebarogorc eTnonimi omSi monawile zogierTi personaJis eqsponirebisas:hirkanielia kirisi: quin et ab Hyrcanis Titanius expulit antris / CirisCimmerius (6.79); vanusi: ducit ab Hyrcanis vates sacer agmina lucis / Vanus (6.114); Zmebimedoresi da gelasi: Viderat Hyrcanos paribus discurrere fratres / Castor equis (6. 203).kimeria, mxare sadac kimerielebi cxovroben, mdebareobs skviTurtavrosTan da meotisis tbasTan. Cimmerius iseve rogorc Hyrcanus,flakusTan dasturdeba rogorc eTnonimi: a. m., kimerieli sardalia avxusi,romelsac Tan moaqvs kimeriuli simdidre, igulisxmeba, rom mas Tanaxlavs kimeriel meomarTa uricxvi jari tertius unanimis veniens cum milibusAuchus / Cimmerias ostentat opes (6.61). kimerieli misania omSi monawile erT-er-Ti sardali vanusi. flakusTan qveynis dasalierad aris miCneuli kimerielTaadgilsamyofeli Cimmerium domus `kimerielTa samyofeli~ (3.399). aqmdebareobs mRvime, sadac SavebSi mosili kelenevsi 126 asamarTlebs adamianebs,romelTac codva Caidines (3.399ff.).meotisi Savi zRvis Crd.-aRm.-iT mdebare mxarea, zogierTis ganmartebiT,warmoadgens skviTias, sadac lokalizdeba meotisis tba (Schol. adAeneid. VI, 799). arsebobs gadmocema, rom heliosis vaJebs samflobelodSemdegi miwebi ergoT: aiets meotisida kolxida, persess ki _ tavria(Schol. ad Ap. Rhod. III 200). 127 meotisi flakusTan naxsenebia xoaTrebTandakavSirebiT, isini floben iseT xelovnebas, rom zamTarSi gayinulmeotissac ki adnoben nunc subitam trepidis Maeotin solvere plaustris (6.154). arcerTimxare ar aris iseTi xalxmravali, rogorc meotisi, miuxedavad imisa, romaxalgazrdoba dReniadag omebSi iRupeba: neque enim plaga gentibus ulla / ditior:aeterno quamquam Maeotia pubes / Marte cadat (6.36-8). Maeotius gvxvdeba msazRvreladSemdeg SemTxvevebSi: meotiuri wylebi Maeotia laxent / aequora (4.720); da-125 `mdinare, romelsac axalgazrda qalwuli uZRvnis cxenebs da aRTqmul sabrZoloculebs miarTmevs, rodesac is didebuli triumfiT kaspiis viwrobebiT ukan brundeba,moaTrevs ra ukan masagetsa da midiels~.126kelenevsi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia, masze dawvrilebiT visaubrebTSesabamis TavSi.127 SC ВДИ XXI, 292.84

saxelebulia aseve meotieli nimfa, erT-erTi skviTi personaJis pevkonisdeda at genetrix imis pariter Maeotis ab antris / implevit (6.565).kavkasiis organul nawils warmoadgens, strabonis periodis avtorTaTanaxmad, iberiac, kompaqturad dasaxlebuli, eTnikurad sakmaoderTiani da civilizebuli qveyana. igi garSemortymulia kavkasosis mTebiT,romlis samxreTiT nayofieri ferdobebi moicaven iberias da aRwevenrogorc kolxidas, aseve armenias, Tumca armenia, wyaroTa umetesobisTanaxmad, gadis kavkasiis farglebidan da aRiqmeba ufro aziis qveynad.bunebrivia, zusti da stabiluri sazRvrebi ar arsebobda da isinidroebiT an xangrZlivad SeeZlo Seecvala nebismier eqspansias mezobelian daSorebuli qveynidan. flakusi poeturi formiT gviqmnis warmodgenaskavkasiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, rodesac promeTes tanjvis Sesaxebgviambobs, misi gminva TviT armeniamdec ki aRwevs da ZrZwolas hgvrisyovel ibers. 128 flakusTan Hiber 129 da Hiberus 130formativebis garda dasturdebaTviT regionis aRmniSvneli termini iberiac: aieti axasiaTebsTavis erT-erT mokavSires iaqsartess, romlis SiSiT ZrZwian getebi,medebi da mTeli iberia iam pavidi cum prole Getae, iam pervigil illum / Medus etoppositis exspectat Hiberia claustris (5.603-4). Wreli iberiidan miiCqarian latrisida otakesi kolxidaSi aietis winaaRmdeg saomrad discolor hastatas effuditHiberia turmas, / quas Otaces, quas Latris agunt (6.120).iberiis mezobeli qveyanaa albania. albaniac moicavs rogorc kavkasiismimdebare teritoriebs, aseve kaspiispireTis im regionebsac, romlebsacukve veRar miviCnevT kavkasiad; strabonis Tanaxmad o„koàsi dmetaxÝ tîn 'Ib»rwn kaˆ tÁj Kasp…aj qal£tthj, prÕj ›w m n ¡ptÒmenoi tÁj qal£tthj,prÕj dÚsin d Ðmoroàntej to‹j ”Ibhrsi· tîn d loipîn pleurîn tÕ m n bÒreionfroure‹tai to‹j Kaukas…oij Ôresi (taàta g¦r Øpšrkeitai tîn ped…wn, kale‹tai d t¦prÕj tÍ qal£ttV m£lista KeraÚnia), tÕ d nÒtion poie‹ ¹ 'Armen…a par»kousa, poll¾m n pedi¦j poll¾ d kaˆ Ñrein», kaq£per ¹ Kambushn», kaq' ¿n ¤ma kaˆ to‹j ”Ibhrsi128 horruit immensum Ponti latus, horruit omnisArmeniae praetentus Hiber penitusque recussoaequore Cyaneas Minyae timuere relictas (5.165-168).129 Armeniae praetentus Hiber penitusque recusso (5.166); quos nec Hiber aut tota suis Aurora pharetris / sustineat(5. 559); Iamque Getae iamque omnis Hiber Drangeaque densa (6.507); forte ubi serus Hiber Issedoniaequephalanges (6. 750); Sauromatae, miseranda, proci? cui vadis Hibero (7.235).130 Iamque Hyperionius metas maris urget Hiberi / currus (2.34); ilicet extremi nox litore Solis Hiberas / condidit(3.730).85

kaˆ to‹j 'Albano‹j oƒ 'Armšnioi sun£ptousin (XI, 4, 1). 131 flakusi poemaSimoixseniebs or albanel meomars: kremedons, romelic aietisa dapersesis konfliqtSa CarTuli Albani cadit ipse Chremedoni[di]s hasta (6.194) 132 daalbanel ufliswuls stiruss, 133 romelsac omis dawyebamdec hqondakolxebTan urTierToba. am personaJze Cven qvemoT sagangebod SevaCerebTyuradRebas.amaZonebis dedaqalaqad moixsenieba Temiskira TermodonTan (Her.IX27; Diod.IV16; Paus.I 2 1; Appian.Mithr.78). 134 apolonios rodoselis mixedviT (II987ff.), amaZonebis tomi warmoiSva aresisgan da nimfa harmoniisgan.iustinianusTan isini skviTebis mier datovebuli qalebia, romlebicTermodonTan saomrad movidnen da brZolaSi daiRupnen (Iust. 4; Sdr. salustiusTanisini skviTiidan movidnen mcire aziaSi Sallust.frg.3,46; esqilesTanki kolxididan, kavkasiis samxreTidan Aesch. Prometh. 415, 723).flakusi elinisti epikosis msgavsad amaZonebs Termodonis midamoebSiaTavsebs (5. 121-124); rogorc sxva mwerlebs, masac, amaZonebi aresis STamomavlebladmiaCnia da amitom gadmogvcems, rom maTi saxeli wminda daRvTiuria: `miRma rCeba halisi, grZel xveulebad mimdinare irisi da Termodoni,romelic Tavis mrisxane nakadebs mariliani zRvis SuagulSic kixmauriT aCuxCuxebs, gradivusisaTvis wminda da umdidresi nadavliTsavse mdinare, romelsac axalgazrda qalwuli uZRvnis cxenebs da aR-Tqmul sabrZolo culebs miarTmevs, rodesac is didebuli triumfiTkaspiis viwrobebiT ukan brundeba, moaTrevs ra ukan masagetsa da midiels.WeSmariti STamomavlebi arian isini RvTaebrivi sisxlisa, RmerTisganwarmoSobilni 135 ; (Sdr. aseve 4.601-609). flakusi adasturebs, rom ama-131 àlbanebi cxovroben iberebsa da kaspiis zRvas Soris: aRmosavleTiT isazRvrebianzRviT, xolo dasavleTiT emezoblebian iberebs. rac Seexeba danarCen mxareebs,CrdiloeTisa gamagrebulia kavkasosis mTebiT (es mTebi mdebareoben dablobebs zemoT,xolo is nawili, romelic zRvisken aris, iwodeba keravniad), samxreTisaken arismezoblad mdebare armenia, romelic nawilobriv dablobia, nawilobriv mTiani, rogorc,magaliTad, kambisene, sadac iberebsa da albanelebs esazRvrebian armenielebi~.132 Albanus dasturdeba aseve rogorc gaarsebiTebuli zedsarTavi saxeli: coniciunt, fugitadductis Albanus habenis (6.271).133 advehit Albana Styrus gener agmina porta, / bellum ingens (3.497); adnuitur thalamis Albani virgo tyranni(5.258); tum gener Albanis Styrus qui advenerat oris (5.459); pacta quod Albano coniunx Medea tyranno (6.44);...Albano fuit haec promissa tyranno (8.153).134 Graef, Amazones, RE, I, II, 1755.135 transit Halys longisque fluens anfractibus Irissaevaque Thermodon medio sale murmura volvens,86

ZonebTan Serkineba mamakacebsac uWirT (5. 132-140). igi ar ifarglebatradiciiT cnobili amaZoni personaJebiT da persessa da aiets SorisgamarTul omSi rTavs ramdenime figuras, romelTagan nawili gesanderisaristiis amsaxvel scenaSi iRupeba: Toe, harpe, menipe, like da maTi dedofalievriale. manamde isini aietis damxmare laSqarSi arian moxseniebulniaietis mokavSire megobar mefeebTan erTad. evriale sakuTari SviliviTuyvars aiets.am mxareebis garda flakusi asaxelebs sxva mraval geografiulpunqts, qalaqs, mTas, mdinares. yvela es toponimi, hidronimi Tu oronimiumeteswilad dasaxelebulia e. w. skviTebis katalogSi, sadac flakusiwarmogvidgens aietis winaaRmdeg daZrul meomarTa razmebs, romelTacaietis Zma persesi aRazevebs. qvemoT mokled gadavavloT Tvali poemaSidacul geografiul informacias.mirake (Myrace) – flakusis mixedviT, mwvane mirakes da md. tibisusismaxloblad, skviTiis sanapiroze iSva kolaqsesi, iupiterisa da gvelisfexebaqalRmerTis horas vaJi. aq SeiZleba igulisxmebodes mdinareskviTiaSi Maris (Her.4.48), Marisus (Strab.7.3.13). ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad(SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345) es hidronimi unda davukavSiroT ptolemaiosis tamirakes(Geogr. III, 5, 2) da aseve mirgetebis toms (Hec. fr.155).gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom flakusTan am Ziridan nawarmoeb saxelsatarebs parTeli elCi mirakesi (6.690, 717); heinsiusi amjobinebs es saxeliwaikiTxos rogorc Tmyracen, ramdenadac Tamyraces iyo qalaqi skviTiaSi damTiswineTi hileaSi. am mosazrebas amyarebs strabonis Tmolus (Timolus),Tmarus leqsikuri formativebis dadastureba: oJ Tovmaro~ h] Tmavro~ (ajmfotevrw~ga;r levgetai) (Wijsman, 2000, 38).tibisenuri (Tibisenus) – flakusi axsenebs adieqtivur formas Tibisenaqueiuxta / ostia. Tibisenus (6.50). igi unda momdinareobdes hidronimidan Tibisis;tibisisi herodotosis Tanaxmad mdinarea, romelic lokalizebulia TrakiaSidanubiosis maxloblad (Her.4.49). am mdinaris zusti lokalizaciaGradivo sacer et spoliis ditissimus amnis,donat equos, donat votas cui virgo securescum redit ingenti per Caspia claustra triumphoMassageten Medumque trahens. est vera propagosanguinis, est ollis genitor dues (5. 120-126).87

Znelia (RE, VI, 1, 815) da ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad (SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345)unda davukavSiroT igi ptolemaiosis tibisuss (Geogr.III, 7.1) an tifesoss(Prisc. Pan. fr.8), romelsac aigiveben Tanamedrove temeSTan, dunais marcxenaSenakadTan.gerusi (Gerus) – erT-erT skviT sardals datiss Tan axlavs brZolisJiniT anTebuli gangaridebi da meomrebi, romlebic gerusTan (md.skviTiaSi) da bikesis tbasTan saxloben (6.67-8). gerusi SesaZloa SevupirispiroTpliniusis mdinares Gerrhus (Plin.n.h.4.84) da geross, romelic moixseniebaherodotosTan (Her.4.56) da ptolemaiosTan (Geogr.V,11,2) (SC ВДИ,XXVIII, 346).bikesi (Byces) – pliniusTan vxvdebiT mdinares, romelic Caedinebabikesis tbaSi (Plin. n.h.4.84) da ptolemaiosTan (Ptol.Geogr.III,5,2), mas aigivebenTanamedrove sivaSTan (SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346).tira (Tyra) – linquitur abruptus pelago Tyra (6.84) Sdr. Plin.n.h.4.82, Mela 2.7 hosab Histricis Tyra separat, Steph.Byz.s.v. Tuvra~. am formiT moixseniebs masovidiusic et nullo tardior Tyras (Ov. Pont.4.10.50) (Wijsman, 2000, 51); Sdr. aseveTyres, mdinare, romelic aseve flakusTan dasturdeba quas Tanais flavusqueTyres Hypanisque Novasque àRar movixsenieb wyalTa im siuxves, Svidnakadianiistrosis SesarTavebi rom warmoqmnian: tanaiss, yviTel tiress, hipanissada novass, da im farTo yures, sadac meotisis wylebi iRvreba~ (4.718-21).ambenusi (Ambenus) – linquitur et mons / Ambenus (6.85) `mitovebul iqna mTaambenusic~; tomaSeki ganaTavsebs am mTas dunaisa da dnestrs Soris arsebulmaRlobebze (Tomaschek, Ambenus, RE, I, 2, 1797). svida moixseniebs amavefuZis mqone qalaqs ÒAmbenai: o[noma povlew". flakusi asaxelebs amave saxelwodebisskviT personaJs (6. 251), zogierTi mecnieri am personaJis saxelsukavSirebs gal. ambis, laT. amnis, sanskr. amba `wyali~. saxeli undamiekuTvnebodes getur an bastarnul nomenklaturas (Tomaschek, RE I.2, 1797).ofiusa (Ophiusa) – gelidis pollens Ophiusa venenis (6.85) `momakvdinebeliSxamebiT uxvi ofiusa~. igi tiras Zveli saxelwodebaa; Sdr. Scylax 68, Strabo7.3.16, Steph.Byz. s.v. Tuvra~, povli~ kai; potamov~ ejn tw`/ Eujxeivnw/ Povntw/... ejkalei`to dÆÆOfiou`ssa, oppido...ubi antea Ophiusa dicebatur (Plin.n.h.4.82). ramdenadac es adgilimomakvdinebeli SxamebiT aris cnobili, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aq88

aqcentirebulia am saxelis semantikac, rogorc gvelebis qalaqisa (o[fi~`gveli~) (Wijsman, 2000, 51).novasi (Novas) – hiberni qui terga Novae (6.100), Sdr. aseve quas Tanais flavusqueTyres Hypanisque Novasque (4.719). rogorc Cans, aq igulisxmeba ukrainis erTerTimdinare. a. heereni 136 axsenebs sxvadasxva wyaroebSi dadasturebulmd. Naiss, romelic SesaZloa novasi iyos. g. libermani 137 ukavSirebs herodotosismdinares Novh~ (4.49), danubiosis Trakiul Senakads. arsebobdaamave saxelwodebis romaul legionerTa garnizoni da gasaCerebeli punqtiqvemo misiaSi dunaisTan, romelsac flakusi SesaZloa ukavSirebdesam mdinares (RE, XVII, 1, 1125, 2).alaZoni (Alazon) – gelidumque securi / eruit et tota non audit Alazona ripa (6.101)`da aravis smenia alazonis napirebis Sesaxeb~. mdinare albaniaSi, romelsacaigiveben kirusis SesarTavTan ÆAlazovnio~, Strab.11.3.2; Albanorum gens..., moxHiberes, discreta ab his amne Alazone in Cyrum Caucasis montibus defluente (Plin.n.h.6.29)(Wijsman, 2000, 57).tarasi (Taras) – quosque Taras niveumque ferax Euarchus olorum (6.102) `tarasida TovliviT qaTqaTa gedebiT uxvi evarxusi~; v. l. (Tarax C). patara mdinaresadac mdebareobda tarentumi, iwodeboda tarasad. tarasi pavsaniasismixedviT aris poseidonis vaJi (Paus.10.10.8), Sdr. evarxusi. SesaZloa, flakusmaes saxelebi ipova apoloniosis àrgonavtikis~ sqolionebSi, romelicdakargulia. es unda edos safuZvlad am geografiul aRrevas.evarxusi (Euarchus) – niveumque ferax Euarchus olorum (6.102) `TovliviTqaTqaTa gedebiT uxvi evarxusi~. mdinare sinopes maxloblad, romelicmdebareobda pontusis ara im mxares, sadac umetesad moixseniebiantomebi, aramed sawinaaRmdego mxareze. rogorc tarasis SemTxvevaSi, misilokalizebac rTulia. burmani miuTiTebs Magnum Etymologicum-ze, sadacvkiTxulobT: EÜarcoj: OÛtwj kale‹to Ð KÚknoj di¦ tÕ pitucîj kain…sai tÕ dÒrutoà 'Acillšwj. kiknusi gadaiqca gedad. Fasˆ d kaˆ potamÒn tina par¦ t¾nSinèphn EÜarcon ØpÕ tîn 'Argonautîn proshgoreàsqai, ¢f' oá prîton œpion, éj fhsinEÙfor…wn, “H oƒ EÙ£rcoio fšre klšoj ¢mfˆ ·šeqron. patara mdinare evarxusi136 A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 48.137 G. Liberman, Valerius Flaccus. Argonautiques Texte établi et traduit, 2 vol. (CUF lat. 340/369), Paris 1997/2002,283.89

SeiZleba iyos kiknusis sinonimi; es kiknusi aris poseidonis vaJi, romlisambavs vxvdebiT ovidiusTan (Met. 12.64ff.) (Wijsman, 2000, 57-8).emoda (Emoda) – iungit opes Emeda suas, sua signa secuti (6.143) `Tavis saomarZalas urTavs emoda~; (v. l. Emeda V + L, Eumeda C). heereni 138 safuZvlianadasabuTebs, rom Emodus ukavSirdeba Imaus `himalais~, citireba moaqvspliniusidan Emodus (n. h.5.98), Hemodus (6.60), Hemodi montes (6.56), ultra montesHemodos (6.88); Diod Sic. 2.35: to; ïHmwdo;n o[ro~ (Wijsman, 2000, 72), Sdr. aseve (SCВДИ, XXVIII, 348).valerius flakusma warmogvidgina ara marto CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTi,aramed aseve samxreT kavkasia: kolxida, albania, amaZonia,(albaT, aqve unda Semovides aietis damxmare sardlebic da, Tu maTiraodenobis mixedviT vimsjelebT, sul cota Svidi arasaxeldebuli mxareTu qveyana unda igulisxmebodes). gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmobakolxidas da mdinare faziss.berZnuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, kolxida mikenuri epoqis tomTagaerTianebas warmoadgenda. miTologiuri tradiciis mixedviT, is iyomTels SavizRvispireTSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da cnobili gaerTianeba.straboni gvawvdis cnobas imis Taobaze, rom dioskuriasSi erTTamonacemebiT 70, xolo sxvaTa – 300 tomis warmomadgenlebi ikribebodnen,romelTagan TiToeuli Tavis enaze laparakobda. maT Soris arian isinic,romlebic kompaqturad saxloben kolxidis dablobze da ufro civilizebulebiarian, isinic, romlebic gancalkevebiT cxovroben maTi siamayisada velurobis wyalobiT. maT yvelas uwodeben kavkasielebs (Strab. XI,2, 16).flakusi tradicias eyrdnoba aia-kolxidis geografiulilokalizaciisas da aRwerilobas sakmaod realistur elfers sZens.masTan kolxida aris Zlieri saxelmwifo gaerTianeba, romlis saTaveSicdgas mefe. igi gansakuTebul yuradRebas uTmobs samefo karis aRweras.argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisaTvis samefo karis warmomadgenlebs,romlebic solis taZarSi Sekrebilan, ase agviwers: taZarSi mzisSvili aieti Semodis, mis gverdiT dgas ymawvili absirtusi, sasiZo,138 A. Heeren, 1899, 41.90

albaneli ufliswuli stirusi, eolosis STamomavlebi, friqsosis vaJebi:frontisi, argusi, melasi, kitisorusi, warCinebuli mamebi patres (5.456-464),aietis dasaxmareblad Camosuli megobari mefeebi motique ad proelia reges.mefes mniSvnelovani saqmeebis gadawyvetisas mxarSi udganan warCinebulimamebi da aseve funqcionirebs qurumTa instituti. apoloniosisgan gansxvavebiTflakusi aietis da misi ojaxis sasaxleebis aRweris magivrad,warmogvidgens solis taZars, romelsac ara oden taZris funqcia aqvs,aramed aris nageboba, sadac mniSvnelovani Sekrebebi da molaparakebebiiwarmoeba. swored aq gaimarTeba iasonisa da aietis Sexvedra. ase aRuwersmedea am adgils iasons: `winaparTa wesisamebr am sakurTxevelTan[solis taZarSi] modis mefe, aq usmens igi warCinebulebs da yuradRebasuTmobs xalxis Txovnebs da urCevs umjobess~ (5. 404-406). xalxs mni-Svnelovani adgili uWiravs qveynis marTvis saqmeSi. isini irCevendamsaxurebis mixedviT gamorCeul warmomadgenlebs uxucesebad (praecipuoTitania tellus / legit honore patres, 5.463-4) da qveynis marTvas andoben. xalxi romsakmaod aqtiuria, poemis am pasaJidanac Cans: rodesac heras mier iasonzeSemoxveuli Rrubeli gaifanteba, isini modian da kiTxuloben daJinebiT,ainteresebT ucxoebis vinaoba, Tu ram miiyvanaT kolxidaSi, xalxs iasoniangariSs uwevs da grZel sityvas warmoTqvams kiteelebis (5.465-467) damaTi mefis, aietis mosalmobiereblad (5.471-518).cnoba aias 139 qalaq kvitaisze jer kidev apolonios rodoselTangvxvdeba. 140 araerTgzis ixseniebs am qalaqs flakusi. pirvelad es saxeliV wignSi dasturdeba Cytaeus formiT (5. 466). aq poeti lakonurad axasiaTebsqalaqs, aRniSnavs, rom igi lamazia da gakvirvebas iwvevsucxoebSi. konteqstidan gamomdinare dasturdeba, rom kvitaisi kolxidismTavari qalaqia. kviteuri miwa terris Cytaeis (693) aris aietis samefo139Ai\a _ kolxidis Zveli saxeli (Ai\a-Kovlci" II 417, 422, 1094, 1185; III 306, 1061; IV 255). aqmovida oqros verZiT friqsosi (II 1141). aias qalaqia kvitaisi (II 1267). aias epiTetiatitanuri (IV 131). aia daasaxla egviptelma sesostrisma (IV 277, 278). apoloniosi aq imeorebsherodotosis cnobas (II 2, 103), romlis mixedviTac, aiaSi mosaxle tomis warmoSobadakavSirebulia sesostrisis laSqrobasTan.140 Kutaii?". Kutaii?do~ II 399; `kvitaiisis xmeleTsa~ hjpeivroio Kutaiivdo", IV 511; `kvitaisismxareSi dabruneba~ Kutaiivdo~ h[qea gaivh", Kutaii?da II 1267; àias qalaqi kvitaisi~ Kutaiivda tepovlin Ai[h"; Kutaieuv", Kutaievo" II 403, `kvitaieli aietis~ Kutaievo" Aijhvtao III 228, Kutaievo"Aijhvtao, Kutaiò". Kutaivou II 1094, Aijhvtao Kutaivou.91

ezidenciis adgili. am Ziridan nawarmoebi sxva formativebic gvxvdebaflakusTan: medeas eTnikurobis gadmosacemad fama Cytaeae virginis (6. 156-157);kolxi meomris Cytaei (427) da kviteeli razmebis aRsaniSnavad Cytaeisagminibus (543); aspicis ut Minyas inter proceresque Cytaeos (595-596) sadac naTqvamia,rom iasoni kiteelTa Soris brwyinavs.flakusma moaxerxa Tavis eposSi mxatvruli formiT warmoedginakavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli realiebi, gaTviTcnobierebuliaqvs kavkasiis geopolitikuri situacia, warmodgena kavkasiis eTnikurisimravlis Sesaxeb. aseve asaxavs kolxidis sagareo da saSinao urTierTobebs.sainteresoa, rom Sida-kavkasiuri urTierTobebis saCvenebladvaleriuss poemaSi Semoaqvs coniunx Medea-s Tema. medeas xelis mosapovebladramdenime gmiri ibrZvis: henioxebisa da alanebis warCinebuliwarmomavlobis sardali anavsisi, albaneli ufliswuli stirusi, skviTijadoqari koastesi, parTeli elCi mirakesi. aRsaniSnavia, rom oTxivemaTgans omamdec aqvs garkveuli urTierToba kolxidasTan. anavsisi (6.42-47) skviTebis katalogSi pirvel adgilas moixsenieba da gamoTqmiT iampridem (6.43) drois TvalsazrisiTac migvaniSnebs mis adreul urTierTobebzeaietTan; igi jer kidev maSin ganewyo aietis mimarT mtrulad,rodesac am ukanasknelma gadawyvita, medea albaneli stirusisaTvis SeerTocolad (6.43-44) da ara misTvis, ase rom, mas piradi motivic amoravebsomSi Casabmelad; skviTi jadoqari koastesi kolxidaSixoaTrebTan da kentorebTan erTad moiswrafvis. kentorebsa da xoaTrebsoqros sawmisis xelSi Cagdebis survili aqvT, koastesi ki medeaTi arisdainteresebuli. Tumca mas, sxva saqmroTagan gansxvavebiT, arc medeasadmisiyvaruli amoZravebs da arc sagmiro saqmeni, aramed kolxi asulisjadoqrobiT Sors ganTqmuli saxeli (6.155-7); parTiis mefis elCi mirakesiaRmosavleT sanapirodan kolxidaSi im misiiT Cadis (6.690), rom parTelebsada kolxebs Soris kavSiri gaamyaros. sanacvlod mas, oqros garda,jildod medeac eguleba. jer kidev aietsa da persess Soris omi ar iyodawyebuli, rom siyvaruliT ganimsWvala kolxi qalwulis mimarT daomSi Cabmasac ar moerida; albaneli stirusic omis dawyebamde CamovidakolxidaSi da is argonavtebis solis taZarSi misvlis momentisaTvisukve samefo karis warmomadgenelTa Soris aris dasaxelebuli. mas sxva92

xelismTxovnelTa Soris privilegia aqvs _ igi TviT aietma airCia sasi-Zod, Tumca Tavs damtydarma omma dagegmili qorwili Seaferxa. stirussbevri mowinaaRmdege hyavs medeas xelismTxovnelTa Soris da, argonavtebisCamosvlis Semdeg, maT ricxvs iasonic Seemateba. roca es ukanasknelimedeasTan erTad kolxididan gaiqceva, Seuracxyofilad grZnobs Tavs,Tumca ufro metad umZafrdeba medeas mimarT siyvaruli (8.302), roca misisamudamod dakargvis safrTxe Seeqmneba. igi mdevar kolxebSi didiaqtiurobiT gamoirCeva (8.298-305, 328-368). stirusi iunos mier gamowveulgrigalSi mdevar kolxebsa da argonavtebs Soris Setakebis dros tragikuladiRupeba (8.363-368).rogorc zemo Tqmulidan gamomdinareobs, medeas xelze pretenziasacxadebs: alani, skviTi, albaneli da parTeli. aietma misnobiT icis, rommedea mamiseul saxlSi qalwulad ar unda darCes da imas miaTxovos, visacTviTon medea moisurvebs. aieti TviTneburad arCevans albanelufliswulze akeTebs. flakusi Tavisi poeturi gamonagonis meSveobiTwarmodgenas gviqmnis kolxidis sagareo da saSinao politikaze. gaaqtiurebuliaaietis naxevarZma persesi, romelic Tavis mxriv cdilobstaxtis xelSi Cagdebas. aq SeiZleba amovikiTxoT Zalauflebis gadanawilebisprocesi. oqros sawmisis an medeas xelSi Cagdebas, romlebicZalauflebis simbolod SegviZlia gaviazroT, ramdenime qveyniswarmomadgeneli eswrafvis. iasoni – saberZneTis mkvidria, stirusi –albaneTis (kolxidasa da mis mezobel albaneTs Soris TiTqmisnaTesauri urTierTobebia), anavsisi – alaniis, mirakesi – parTiis (am orqveyanas Soris savaWro garigebebi da molaparakebebi warmoebs). bunebrivia,es suraTic unda asaxavdes im urTierTobebs da istoriul process,rac ax. w. I saukunis mwerlisaTvis savsebiT TvalnaTeli iyo. aq arSeiZleba ar moviyvanoT strabonis cnoba, romelsac flakusi mTel rigSemTxvevebSi eyrdnoba: àleqsandres Sesaxeb mwerlebs, bevrs arc undavendoT advilad, radgan eseni advilad Txzaven aleqsandres saxelisgamo da agreTve imitom, rom igi laSqrobda aziis ukidures kuTxemdedidad daSorebiT Cvengan. xolo Soreulis Sesaxeb sawinaaRmdegos TqmaZnelia. romaelTa da parTelTa mflobeloba mets rasme xdis fardasuwindel gadmocemebTan SedarebiT, radganac am mxareebisa da tomebis93

aRmwerlebi, romelTa Sorisac viTardeboda movlenebi, ufro sarwmunodlaparakoben, vidre isini, romlebic amaTze win iyvnen. eseni xom sagangebodukvirdebian Sesaswavl sagnebs~ (XI, 6, 4).valerius flakusis dainteresebas kavkasiis TematikiT yvelazeTvalsaCinod poemaSi skviTebisa da kolxebs Soris konfliqtis epizodisSemotana mowmobs.1. skviTebisa da kolxebis omimTavari idea, rac flakusis àrgonavtikas~ amTlianebs, aris araoqros sawmisis mopoveba, aramed TviT argonavtebis eqspediciis mniSvnelovneba,sazRvao gzis gaxsna. es ki Tavis mxriv dakavSirebulia sxvadasxvaxalxs Soris omis warmoebis da amiT TviTdamkvidrebis Sesa-ZleblobasTan. amdenad, savsebiT bunebrivia flakusis aSkarad gamoxatuliinteresi omis Temisadmi, rasac ver vityviT apolonios rodoselze,romelTanac, SeiZleba iTqvas, ar gvxvdeba aseTi masStaburi bataluriscenebis aRwera. 141 omis Temis amsaxveli epizodebidan, romlebic ZvelmiTologiur tradiciaSi argonavtebis ciklis organul nawilswarmoadgenda, apoloniosi iRebs kizikosis niqtomaqias da aietis davalebasTandakavSirebul ambebs (igulisxmeba iasonis mier xarebis dauRlvada miwis naSierebis mogerieba). Tu kizikosTan gamarTuli niqtomaqia apoloniosrodoselTan 13 striqons moicavs (Ap. Rhod. I 1039-1052), flakusTanRamiseul Serkinebebs 206 striqoni eTmoba (Val. Flacc. 3.43-249), 142 meoremxriv, aietis davalebasTan dakavSirebuli ambebi, rasac farTo adgiliuWiravs apoloniosTan, mniSvnelovnad aris reducirebuli romael epikosTan,sul raRac 114 striqons Seadgens (7.539-653) 143 . rac Seexeba aietisada persesis oms, aq flakusi elinisti winamorbedisagan savsebiT gansxvavebulgzas irCevs. Zvel miTologiur tradiciaSi dadasturebulicnoba Zmebs Soris momxdari omis Sesaxeb uaRresad mimzidveli aRmoCndamisTvis. àrgonavtikis~ mexuTe wignis umetesi nawili (5.217-695) omis wina-141 apoloniosTan omis Temis mniSvnelobisaTvis Sdr.: H. Fränkel, 1961, 1-20; H. Fränkel, 1968, 510-512; R. L. Hunter, 1988, 436-453; G. O. Hutchinson, 1988, 115f.142 kizikusis epizodis vrcel kvlevas gvTavazobs g. manuvaldi Tavis naSromSi: G.Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episode und ihre Funktion in den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hypomnemata 127,Göttingen 1999.143 E. Burck, Jasons Kämpfe in Kolchis bei Apollonios und Valerius Flaccus: DOREMA, Athen 1975, 11-43.94

e istoriis, meeqvse wigni ki mTlianad omis msvlelobasa da masTandakavSirebuli peripetiebis gadmocemas eTmoba, anu Tavisi moculobiT(mTlianobaSi 1238 str.) igi aRemateba yvela danarCen epizods.Cveni mizania ganvixiloT, Tu ra funqcia da datvirTva aqvs kolxebisada skviTebis oms valerius flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~, 144 ram ganapirobais, rom mas aseTi vrceli adgili uWiravs mis poemaSi. vidre amasgavakeTebT, Tvali gadavavloT, Tu rogor intensifikacias ganicdis omisTema romael epikosTan 145 .daviwyoT imiT, rom apoloniosisgan gansxvavebiT flakusis iasonisul sxva rangSi warmogvidgeba, es aris gmiri, romelmac sagmirosaqmeebi unda awarmoos. apoloniosTan iasoni naklebad gamorCeuli gmiriada umTavresi niSani, rac mas sxva argonavtebisgan gamoarCevs, arisajmhcaniva: `mas ar aRafrTovanebs davaleba, romelic unda Seasrulos,aramed mZime tvirTad awevs. aklia swrafva saqmisadmi da sakuTari Zalebisrwmena. igi frTxilia da meryevi xasiaTi tanjavs~. 146 flakusicdilobs, yvelaferi araheroikuli CamoaSoros esonids, raSic zemoTdavrwmundiT, rodesac apoloniosisa da flakusis poemebis urTierTmimarTebazegvqonda msjeloba. flakusi iasons eneasis tipis gmiradaqcevs. 147 amas imiT axerxebs, rom iasons aniWebs siqveles virtus. 148saomari ganwyobileba poemis dasawyisidanve igrZnoba, kerZod, peliasismzakvrul davalebaSi (1.22-90). iolkosis mbrZanebeli TviTon mi-144 Sdr.: Th. Baier, 1998; P. Schenk, 1999.145 mimoxilvisaTvis ix.: vetceli oms argonavtebis laSqrobis mTavar Temad asaxelebs,wamowevs iasonis da argonavtebis gmirobas da am aspeqtiT akavSirebs mas skviTebisomTan (39-41) (S. Wetzel, 1957, 12f.); adamitci xazs usvams formalur aspeqts da yuradRebasuTmobs Semdeg epizodebs: dolionebTan brZolas (Arg.3.43-256), iunos sityvas (3.492ff.),iupiteris gakicxvas (4.9-12), finevsis misnobas (4.617-619), muzebisadmi mimarTvas (5.271ff.) (J.Adamietz, 1976, 79); venini SeniSnavs, rom skviTebis oms kolxidis moqmedebaSi ZiriTadiadgili uWiravs (P. Venini, 1971, 611f.); ferenci iasonis brZolebs konceptualurad akavSirebsgmiris virtus-Tan (A. Ferenczi, 1995, 154-156). am sakiTxs vrceli gamokvleva miuZRvna p.Senkma, romlis naSromsac Cven ara erTxel daveyrdnobiT P. Schenk. Studien zur poetischen Kunstdes Valerius Flaccus: Beobachtungen zur Ausgestaltung des Kriegsthemas in den Argonautica, C.H.Beck Verlag,1999.146 H. Fränkel, Ein Don Quijote unter den Argonauten des Apollonios, Mus. Helv. 17, 1960, 4: „Die Aufgabe, dieihm gestellt ist, begeistert ihn nicht, sondern sie lastet auf ihm. Es fehlt der vitale Tatendrang und das instinktiveSelbstvertrauen. Er ist vorsichtig und von Bedenken gequält~.147 K. W. Hull, The Hero-concept in Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica, in: Studies in Latin Literature and RomanHistory, Bruxelles 1979, 378-409.148 Ferenczi, 1995, 154-156: es sityva argonavtikaSi 18-jer gvxvdeba, aqedan 8-jer iasonTan da2-jer mTlianad argonavtebTan dakavSirebiT.95

uzRavda samagieros kolxidas, uwindeburad Zala rom Seswevdes, misi va-Ji ki jer kidev Zalian pataraa saomari saqmeebisaTvis, amitom iasonma undaitvirTos oqros sawmisis mopovebis misia. iasonis mama esonic didisiamovnebiT miiRebda laSqrobaSi monawileobas, magram masac marjvenauwindeburad aRar erCis. misi ganwyobileba (1.336-340) exmianeba xomaldargos suraTebs; erT-erT maTganze gadmocemulia lapiTebis brZola kentavrebiswinaaRmdeg (1.140-148). esons maSin pelevsi da nestori axldnenTan, romlebic axla argonavtebis laSqrobis monawileebi arian. 149Tu davukvirdebiT argonavtebis katalogsac, aqac sagrZnobia saomariganwyoba. flakusi saguldagulod aRwers calkeuli gmiris saomaraRkazmulobasa da sabrZolo mzadyofnas. poemaSi mravalgzis asevegvxvdeba miniSneba troas omze (1. 370-373, 380-382, 387, 391-393, 403-409). Sesabamisad,valeriusi erT mTlian suraTs warmogvidgens: mamaTa Taobam saomarsaqmeebSi aCvenes Tavi da amiT daedo safuZveli Zalauflebis cvlas(1.542f.), vaJebis Taoba saomari eqspediciiT midis aziis winaaRmdeg dawarmatebiT arTmevs mas Tavs (1.545-548), rasac momavali Taoba saboloodamyarebs (1.549-554). es yvelaferi mxatvruli formiT flakusis axal koncefciaSi_ iupiteris samyaros gegmaSia warmodgenili, razec Cven ukvegvqonda msjeloba Sesabamis TavSi.rac Seexeba aietisa da persesis oms, flakusis STagonebis wyaro,SesaZloa, gamxdariyo apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtikaSi~ sul raRacramdenime striqonSi gadmocemuli ambavi: kolxidaSi Casuli iasoni aietssTavazobs, rom samsaxurs gauwevs mezobeli savromatebis an sxva romelimexalxis damorCilebaSi oqros sawmisis sanacvlod (Ap. Rhod. III 392-395). apoloniosTan am SemoTavazebas ar gaaCnia funqcionaluri datvirTva,vinaidan am xaziT moqmedeba aRar viTardeba. aieti fiqrobs, umalvegauswordes Tavxed argonavtebs, Tu jer maTi Zala gamoscados (3.397-398).cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom medeam daxmareba aRmouCina persesis mier taxtidanCamogdebul aiets da mas kuTvnili Zalaufleba daubruna, jer kidevapolodorosTan gvxvdeba (I.IX.28.6). msgavsi cnoba dasturdeba diodoro-149kentavrebis winaaRmdeg brZolis motivi apoloniosis argonavtebis katalogzedayrdnobiT Semoaqvs flakuss. argonavti koronosi vaJia lapiTi kainevsisa, romelic ambrZolaSi daeca (Ap. Rhod. I 57-64).96

sTanac (IV. 55), romelic gadmogvcems, rom medea Tavis vaJTan, medosTanerTad kvlav kolxidaSi brundeba, miatovebs ra aTenel egevss. kolxida-Si medosi klavs persess da aiets taxts ubrunebs. imave motivaciasvxvdebiT romaul literaturaSi higinusTan (fab. XXVI) da tacitusTan (An.VI.34). naTelia, rom flakusi arsebiTad cvlis wyaroebSi am naklebadcnobili epizodis sakvanZo momentebs: 1. aietsa da persess Soris konfliqtimedeas kolxidaSi yofnisas xdeba; 2. flakusTan gamarjvebuliaris aieti da ara persesi da, amdenad, aiets arc sWirdeba medeas da misivaJis daxmareba; 3. aseTi masStaburobiT mxolod masTan aris aRweriliuSualod kolxidaSi momxdari omis amsaxveli scenebi. qvemoT ganvixilavTomis winare istorias, motivaciasa da struqturas.a) omis winare istoria: flakusi pirveli wignidanve (1.22ff.) amzadebssafuZvels ZmaTa Soris omisaTvis, romlis programac iupiteris samyarosgegmaSia (1.531-560) warmodgenili. romaeli epikosis mier gamogonilisametapovani samyaros gegmis ordo rerum mixedviT oqros sawmisis meSveobiTZalaufleba aRmosavleTidan gadadis saberZneTSi [medeas da oqrossawmisis gataceba 150 // parisis mier elenes wamoyvana] da saberZneTisdaqveiTebis Semdeg ki Zalauflebas sxva [romaeli] xalxebi iReben xelSi[eneass penatebi romSi miaqvs]. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom flakusiseulsamyaros gegmaSi 151 erTad aris warmodgenili homerosi, apoloniosi davergiliusi. flakusis mxatvrul teqnikaze miuTiTebs aseve epikuriTxrobis miseuli teqnika. igi poemaSi prolefsebis 152 CarTviTintensiurad axdens mkiTxvelis codnis aqtivirebas: TxrobaSi rTavs met-150 iasonis mier sawmisis da medeas gatacebaze poemaSi kavkasiuri siyvarulis alegoriuliistoriac migviTiTebs, romelic kolxidaSi solis taZarSi iyo gamosaxuli:siyvarulisgan gaxelebuli mdinaris RmerTi fasisi kolxi nimfis aias damorCilebaslamobs, darcxvenili qalwuli iltvis mSobliur mTebSi gaSmagebuli fasisisgan, SeSinebulida Zal-Ronemixdili aia yris kaparWebs da mas sabolood RmerTi imorCilebsTavisi mZlavri talRebiT (5.425-428). msgavsad medeac amaod cdilobda iasonis siyvarulisganTavis daRwevas (7.1-20, 127-152, 292-322), magram sabolood RmerTebis CareviTTmobs da iasoni sawadels aRwevs (6.439-479, 590-591, 7.153-186, 323-324) (G. Manuwald, 1998, 31).151 Sdr. G. Manuwald, 2002, 43-57; G. Manuwald, 2004, 145-162.152arsebobs prolefsebis sxvadasxva saxeebi: 1. xilvebi da misnobebi (misnebis anRmerTebis); 2. Selocva da wyevla; 3. sizmrebi; 4. moqmedi figurebis winaTgrZnoba momavalSimosalodneli movlenebis Sesaxeb; 5. krZalva, SiSi; 6. survilebi, molodini,daskvna, brZaneba, gegma (gadawyvetileba, gankarguleba, molaparakeba); 7. suraTebis aRwera;8. aitiebi; 9. winaswari miniSneba, romelsac mTxrobeli pirvel pirSi gadmogvcems,amas miekuTvneba metaforebi, komentarebi Sedarebisas; 10 analogiebi (dawvr. ix. Fuhrer,1998, 15).97

naklebad SeniRbul movlenebs, romlebic mogvianebiT ganviTardeba. 153pirveli wignis dasawyisidanve àrgonavtikaSi~ moqmedeba isea warmodgenili,rom garkveul mizandasaxulobas gviCvenebs: Sesabamisad, gaaCnia teleologiuriganzomileba. mexuTe wignSi Tavs iCens prolepsebis mTeliwyeba: mTxrobelis miniSnebebi, misnobebi, xilvebi, moqmed personaJTawinaTgrZnobebi, SiSi, sizmrebi da analogiebi, 154 romelTa meSveobiTacTvalwin mTeli winare istoria warmogvidgeba da amavdroulad is faqtebicaris daSifruli, romlebic momavalSi ganviTardeba.b) omis motivacia: nawarmoebSi omi erTdroulad or sibrtyeze mimdinareobs,amdenad, sayuradReboa, erTi mxriv, RmerTebis da, meore mxriv,adamianebis motivaciebi.RmerTebi: iupiterma uwyis fata-s Sesaxeb, romelic winaswar arisgansazRvruli da dakanonebuli: vetera haec nobis et condita pergunt / ordine cunctasuo rerumque a principe cursu / fixa manet (1.531-533) da rom dadgenili xvedrisSecvla SeuZlebelia 155 , Tumca, meore mxriv, movida cvlilebebis dro, esiupiteris gegmaSi mxatvrulad ase aris gadmocemuli: `msurs Cemi mbrZaneblobisgadawyvetilebebi ganvaaxlo. / arsebobda mxare aRmosavleTSi,romelic qalwul heles zRvasTan da tanaisTan mdebareobs. / cxenebiTmdidari da xalxmravali, da veravin bedavda xeli aRemarTa / mis sawinaa-Rmdegod da saxeli omebSi moexveWa. / me TviTon vmfarvelobdi am mxaresda mis keTildReobaze vzrunavdi. / Tumca saubedurod dgeba dRe, daazia axla SeZrulia; / vuSveb imas, rom daeces. berZnebi ukve iTxoven Cemganqorwils. / Cemi muxebi da samfexebi, mSobelTa gulebi, maT gagzavnes/ es laSqari zRvaze. talRebiTa da qariSxlebiT gakvalulia / SenTvisgza, belona. magram mxolod sawmisi ki ar / warmoSobs borotebas, aramed153 T. Fuhrer, Ahnung und Wissen: Zur Technik des Erzählens von Bekanntem, ROV, München 1998, 11-26.154 avi winaTgrZnobiT aris moculi medea Tavisi sizmris gamo (5.335f.); sizmarSi medeaesalmeba mamas da saqmros. amis Semdeg xedavs solis taZris suraTebze sakuTar xvedrs:Tu rogor iZiebs Surs peliasze korinTosSi. iasonis medeasadmi mimarTuli sityvac(5.378-390) momavali movlenebis Sesaxeb miniSnebebs Seicavs; solis taZarSi gamosaxulisuraTebis saSualebiT iasoni winaswar iRebs cnobas Tavisi ubedurebis Sesaxeb(romlis arsic misTvis am momentSi miuwvdomelia); iasonisa da medeas siyvarulis ambavssamwuxaro dasasruli rom eqneba, ara erTxel aris miniSnebuli ramdenime adgilas(hekates misnoba 6.497ff., iupiteris sityva V wignis bolos, mopsusis orive misnoba VIIIwignSi).155 mas, rom dadgenili xvedris arideba ar ZaluZs, Cans kolaqsesis ambidanac. miuxedavadimisa, rom igi misi Zea, uZluria, daixsnas sikvdilisgan (6.621-630).98

ufro metad im qalwulis motacebis gamo grZeldeba uTanxmoeba~ (5.536-548).rac Seexeba sxva RmerTebs, e. w. ministeria deorum mxars uWers laSqrobasuna omnes gaudent superi (1.501). iunom da palasma ician, rom samar-Tlianoba am omSi persesis mxarezea Procerum vi pulsus iniqua / germanique manuPerses / barbaricas iam movit opes Hyrcanaque signa (3, 492). amitom iuno agzavnispalass kolxidaSi, raTa argonavtebma persesis mxare daiWiron: spondeadfore reges / dis gentos, quis arma volens, quis agmina iungat (3, 504). Tumca mogvianebiTcvlian gadawyvetilebas Quibus addimur armis ? ekiTxeba palasi iunos. „cernis“ait „Colchos habeant quae proelia, quique / nunc status. hinc Perses, illinc non viribus aequis /apparat Aeetes aciem. quibus addimur armis?“ cui Iuno „dimitte metus, ne proelia forte / hinctibi grata negem; ... stat pectore fixum / Aeetae sociare manus, scio perfida regis / corda quidem;nullos Minyis exsolvet honores“ (5, 283). es dialogi ukiduresad gansxvavdebawinamdebarisagan. Cndeba kiTxva: daiviwyes RmerTebma is, rac persessSehpirdnen? an flakuss aRar axsovs is, ris Sesaxebac mesame wignSi mogviTxro.es ukanaskneli gamoiricxeba Tu istoriis ganviTarebas mivadevnebTTvals. damarcxebis Semdeg persesi mwared sayvedurobs RmerTebs,radgan maT piroba misces, magram mxardaWera ar aRmouCines. raze miuTi-Tebs es winaaRmdegobrioba? argonavtebma rom isedac Zlieri persesismxare daiWiron, omi male damTavrdeba, es ki iupiteris gegmas ewinaaRmdegeba.amitomac qalRmerTebi argonavtebs aietis iniquus tyrannus mxareze ayeneben.ase gadawyveten isini, miuxedavad imisa, rom ician, es kavSiri argonavtebsarafers argebs.mxolod soli da marsi fiqroben, rom oqros sawmisis saberZneTSidabruneba maT interesebs ewinaaRmdegeba: marsi Relavs, radgan sawmisimis WalaSi inaxeba da sawmisis gatacebis SemTxvevaSi safrTxe emuqreba(1.529), igi funqcias dakargavs; soli ki imitom aris SeSfoTebuli, romsawmisi misi Zis aietis ganmgeblobaSia, rac uzrunvelyofs mis SeuzRudavZalauflebas, amitom sTxovs iupiters argonavtebis xomaldis kolxidaSigamgzavrebas xeli SeuSalos.adamianebi: vidre omi daiwyeba kolxidaSi, mas win uZRvis orimisnoba da avismomaswavebeli niSnebi. aiets RamiT gamoecxadebagardacvlili friqsusis aCrdili (5.233-240). eolidi aRwers aietis99

damsaxurebas, Tu rogor Seifara man ltolvili ufliswuli, miaTxovasakuTari qaliSvili. aCrdili aiets uwinaswarmetyvelebs, rom igi ZalauflebasmaSin dakargavs da Tavs ubedureba daatydeba, roca oqrossawmiss marsis Walidan moitaceben; amas mosdevs gafrTxileba: medeaunda gaTxovdes masze, viszec surs, radgan qalwuli ar unda darCes mamissamflobeloSi; rogorc misnobidan Cans, is, rom aieti Zalauflebasdakargavs, gardauvalia (amis gamosaxatavad gamoyenebulia cum temporale daara cum conditionale). mxolod medeas Taobaze gafrTxileba moiTxovsaietisgan gadawyvetilebas, rasac igi spontanurad iRebs kidec, surs,medea albanel ufliswuls miaTxovos (5.256-258); misnobas mosdevs vizualurisuraTi: TiTqos friqsusi aiets awvdis sabediswero sawmiss fataliavisus (5.241).friqsusis misnobas sruliad ewinaaRmdegeba kolxi qurumis misnoba,romelsac win uZRvis avismomaswavebeli niSnebi da movlenebi (auguriamonstraque). qurumi afrTxilebs mefes, romAavbediTi sawmisi exitiale ... vellus... infaustum (5.261-2) qalaqs ubedurebas moutans, amitom igi unda daabrunonhemoniaSi (5.261-262).aieti persess ver gautoldeba samxedro ZaliT, magramargonavtebTan kavSiris damyarebiT cdilobs Tavisi miznebis gansaxorcielebladgamoiyenos isini. umalavs argonavtebs omis namdvil mizezs daarwmunebs maT, rom persess ganzraxuli aqvs, mas taxti waarTvas. hpirdebamaT oqros sawmiss daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi (5.534-541), Tumca realuradoqros sawmisis daTmobas arc apirebs.aieti dilemis winaSe dgas: mas gadawyvetileba sakuTari interesebissakeTildReod gamoaqvs, rac ukmayofilebas iwvevs persesismxridan da omis dawyebis sababi xdeba. brZolis dawyebamde persesicdilobs, iasoni daarwmunos aietis mzakvrobaSi, magram marsi manamdeereva saqmeSi, vidre macne iasonamde miaRwevs (6.14-30).persesi pirvelia, vinc aietis Zalisxmevis absurdulobas ganWvrets(6.733) da qveynis interesebis dacvisaTvis ukidures zomas mimarTavs.Tumca mesame wignis pasaJic migviTiTebs, rom Zmebs Soris manamdecarsebobda mtruli ganwyobileba. apolonios rodoselTanac ki Cans, rom100

aiets daZabuli urTierToba aqvs savromatebTan Tu sxva xalxebTan (Apoll.Rhod. 3.392-395).rac Seexeba iasons, igi, miuxedavad imisa, rom ganWvrets aietis mzakvrobas,mainc aietis mxares iWers: ergo nec hic nostris deerat labor arduus actis(5.542) `mZime davalebebis Sesruleba aqac ar agvcdeba~, veniant super haecquoque fato / bella meo (5.544-5) òmi aris Cemi xvedri~ _ dasZens igi. vfiqrobT,rom zogadad argonavtebis qmedebebi lakonurad SeiZleba Sefasdes amfraziT sine honores labores (6.733). 156g) omis amsaxveli scenebis struqtura: ramdenadac kizikusiskunZulze ganviTarebuli ambebi struqturul mimarTebas gviCveneben kolxidisomTan, saWirod migvaCnia yuradReba SevaCeroT ramdenime mniSvnelovanaspeqtze. kizikusis epizods win uZRvis pasaJi (2.627-3,13), sadacflakusi aRwers dolionebis qveyanas da mis mmarTvels warmogvidgens(2.627-636). amas mohyveba scena, sadac kizikusi megobrulad iRebs argonavtebs(2.636-648), aseve nadimis aRwera, sadac aRniSnaven damegobrebas(2.649-664), msgavsad aris konstruirebuli kolxidaSi konfliqtis epizodi:moqmedeba kolxidaSi iwyeba muzebisadmi mimarTviT (5.217-224), rasacmosdevs winare istoriis anu movlenebis gadmocema, rac argonavtebiskolxidaSi Casvlamde moxda da omis warmoSobis mizezebi (5.224-277).RmerTebis scenaSi iuno da palasi gegmas awyoben, rogor warmarTonkolxidis omi TavianT sakeTildReod. (5.278-296); paralelurad bWobenargonavtebi, rogori gziT mividnen aietTan (.297-328). momdevno scenebSiomis Tema ukana planze gadadis (5.329-454). aietTan Sexvedra xdeba solistaZarSi (5.455-546). igi aRwers, Tu rogor midis ramdenime argonavtiqalaqSi, medeasTan pirvel Sexvedras, solis taZris suraTebs. amas mosdevsaietTan audiencia (5.455-546). mefe sTxovs iasons, daexmaros persesiswinaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi. mas Semdeg, rac argonavtebi qalaqSi Sedian(5.558-569), kavSiri myardeba nadimiT, sadac aieti da iasoni erTmaneTswarudgenen mokavSireebs (5.570-617). RmerTebis scenaSi olimpielebiarkveven poziciebs (5.618-695), iupiteri gansazRvravs omis mimdinareobas(5.672-689). scena mTavrdeba RmerTebis nadimiT (5.690-695).156 Ferenczi, op. cit. 1995, 155.101

valeriusi orive epizodis pirvel monakveTs amTavrebs nadimiT:mesame wignSi argonavtebi nadimis Semdeg emSvidobebian kizikuss (3.1-13),mexuTe wignSi warmodgenilia argonavtebisa da aietis nadimi (5.690-695).momdevno scenebSi aRwerilia mowinaaRmdege mxareTa dapirispireba. orivepasaJis bolos niadagi Semzadebulia uSualod brZolis scenebis aRwerisaTvis.kizikusis epizodis meore monakveTi iwyeba muzebisadmi mimarTviT(3.14-18), sadac flakusi yveba preistorias: kizikusma Seuracxyo kibele,riTac daimsaxura sasjeli argonavtebis xeliT (3.19-31). aietic hibrisisgamo daisaja, miuxedavad imisa, rom omSi skviTebze gamarjveba moipova,argonavtebma gaitaces oqros sawmisi, misi samefo xelisuflebis simbolo.omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli orive epizodis agebisas flakusi sammodels eyrdnoba: apolonioss, homeross da vergiliuss. udavod kizikusisepizodi fabulis doneze mihyveba apolonios rodosels (I 936-1014),Tumca, rogorc Cven ukve vaCveneT, garkveul modifikacias ganicdis;flakusi amas aRwevs èneidis~ pirveli wignidan Sesatyvisi pasaJebis damotivebis SemotaniT (453-493, 561-630, 647-655, 697-756 sadac dido iRebseneass da uyveba troas damxobas); kolxidis omi garkveul paralelebsgviCvenebs èneidaSi~ laciumSi momxdar omTan (7.36-322). 157 eneasislaciumSi warmoebul brZolebsa da kolxidis oms Soris konceptualuriTanxvedrac arsebobs. Tu moipoveben argonavtebi sawmiss, eneasi miiRebsuflebas, troelebisaTvis italiaSi daaarsos axali samSoblo. moqmedebisprograma Camoyalibebulia iupiteris gegmaSi (Arg. 1.531-560; Sdr. Aen.1.254-296). eneasis gamarjveba italiel mowinaaRmdegeebze emsaxureba furorimpius-is damorCilebas, rac fata-Tia gansazRvruli. àrgonavtikaSi~ omiaris saSualeba, romlis meSveobiTac yovel gamorCeul xalxs ZaluZsCaigdos xelSi marTvis sadaveebi. Sesabamisad, kolxidaSi momxdari omiganapirobebs Zalauflebis cvlas saberZneTis sakeTildReod. argonavtebiamarcxeben aziur Zalis ganmasaxierebel skviTebs da amiT amyarebensaberZneTis upiratesobas. iasonis sagmiro saqmeebi iwveven medeaSi siyva-157 Tanxvedrebi TvalsaCinod aris warmodgenili smolenaarsis mier SemoTavazebul sqemebSi:J.J.L. Smolenaars, Quellen und Rezeption. Die Verarbeitung homerischer Motive bei Valeius Flaccus, ROV,Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1991, 70-71.102

uls, romlis meSveobiTac igi moipovebs sawmiss. es movlena ganapirobebskonfliqts (igulisxmeba kolxTa dadevneba), romlis dasrulebisASemdegac hegemonia aziidan saberZneTSi gadadis. 158axla ufro dawvrilebiT SevexoT skviTebisa da kolxebis omTandakavSirebul epizodebs. omis msvlelobis gadmomcem pirvel nawilSiflakusi gviyveba skviTebis tragedias, aq aRweril epizodebSi ramdenimemniSvnelovani da naklebadmniSvnelovani skviTi personaJis garda iRupebiankolxi meomrebic. omis Sesaval striqonebSi (182-201) flakusi brZolissxvadasxva aspeqtze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. gvTavazobs omis zogadaRwerilobas (182-188); Semoaqvs brZolis amsaxveli konkretuli scenebi(189-195); Tanabrad iRupebian meomrebi orive mowinaaRmdegis mxridan, gansakuTrebulidramatizmi omis ganviTarebaSi ar SeimCneva. Semdeg warmodgeniliagamorCeul gmirTa aristiebi: eqsponirebulia argonavti kastori(203-264); mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba albaneli stirusisa daalanTa sardlis, anavsisis Sexvedras (265-278); amas mohyveba iazigi gesanderisaristia (279-385); skviTi ariasmenusis CarTva brZolaSi (386-426).Sualeduri adgili uWiravs RmerTebis scenas: batalur scenebsadgils uTmobs iunos intrigebi. igi venuss sTxovs siyvarulis qamars,raTa medea siyvaruliT aRagznos iasonis mimarT. miiRebs medeas dis,qalkiopes saxes da qalaqis kedlebidan qalwulTan erTad akvirdebaomis msvlelobas (427-506).am intermecos Semdgom kvlav Semodis omis amsaxveli scenebi. meorenawilSi kolxebi da argonavtebi mniSvnelovan warmatebebs aRweven, medea,romelic iuno_qalkiopesTan erTad akvirdeba omis msvlelobas, yuradRebasamaxvilebs iasonze da siyvaruliT ganimsWvaleba. kmayofili iunostovebs moqmedebis asparezs, medea mxolod iasoniT aris Sepyrobili(507-724). meeqvse wignis bolos flakusi kvlav persessa da medeas ubrundeba.persesi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvams skviTebis damarcxebis gamo, medeasmxolod iasonis bedi adardebs. es ori mniSvnelovani figura: medea dapersesi SesavalSive Semohyavs flakuss da maTi daskvniT nawilSi moxse-158 P. Schenk, op. cit. 1999, 271, Sdr. aseve: 32-40.103

niebiT kompoziciurad kravs mTels meeqvse wigns. TvalsaCinoebisaTvisqvemoT warmovadgenT omis msvlelobis struqturas: 1591-32 (32 str.) Sesavali33-181 (149) skviTebis katalogi182-426 (245) skviTebis warumatebloba182-202 dasawyisi203-264 kastoris aristia265-278 stirusisa da anavsisis Serkineba279-385 gesanderis aristia386-426 ariasmenusis CarTva brZolaSi427-476 (50) RmerTebis scena (iuno, iuno_venusi)477-724 (248) kolxebis gamarjveba (iunosa da medeas teiqoskopia)477-505 iuno_medea507-574 kolxuri aliansi575-601 iuno_medea602-656 iasonis aristia657-680 iuno_medea681-724 iasoni_medea725-760 (36) omis dasasruli (persesi_palasi; medea)aietisa da persesis konfliqti da masTan dakavSirebuli ambebiCvenTvis gansakuTrebiT aris saintereso erTi mniSvnelovani garemoebisgamoc. flakuss moqmedebaSi Semohyavs kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli mravaliaxali personaJi. igi 79 axal figuras igonebs, romlebic uSualod amkonfliqtSi iReben monawileobas. isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebianwarmomavlobiT, garegnobiT, CacmulobiT, adaT-wesebiT; bunebrivia, Ziri-Tadad, isini statistis funqcias asruleben, Tumca mravali maTgani gamoirCevagansakuTrebuli eqsponirebis xarisxiT. maT Sesaxeb ufrodetaluri msjeloba momdevno TavSi gveqneba.ismis kiTxva: raSi dasWirda flakuss ganevrco aietisa da persesisdapirispirebis ambavi, gamoegonebina miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis amdeniucnobi axali personaJi. flakusma omis Tematikis intensifikaciiT laTi-159 E. Lüthje, op. cit. 1971, 280.104

nuri eposi Taviseburad aqtualuri gaxada Tavisi epoqis sazogadoebisa-Tvis. es momenti ZiriTadad ori faqtoriT unda iyos ganpirobebuli.erTi mxriv, istoriuli realobiT, meore mxriv, avtoris gazrdili interesiTkavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis mimarT. omis TemisnawarmoebSi CarTviT, romelic uciloblad mis integralur nawilswarmoadgens, flakusTan reducirebulia zRapruli epizodebi da gazrdiliakavkasiis Tematika. mis gansakuTrebul interess amdeni axali kavkasielipersonaJis gamogonebac adasturebs. maTi lingvisturi analizicxadyofs, Tu rogor cdilobs flakusi CrdiloeT da samxreT SavizRvispireTisnomenklaturis gazrdas.2. omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi pasaJis interpretaciisaTvispoemaSi Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenimepasaJi, romelTa gaazrebac warmoudgenelia zogadad eposis teqstisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. rasgulixmobs epikuri teqsti? epikuri teqstebis komparativistuli kvlevissafuZvelze p. grincerma gamoavlina aRmosavlur da dasavlur eposebsSoris msgavseba-gansxvaveba. 160 epikuri teqnikisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia gansakuTrebuliena, formulebis ena, 161 eposis kompozicia, romelSic Sedisgarkveuli Temebisa da movlenebis erToblioba: mag., Sekrebebis aRwerazecasa da miwaze (TaTbirebi), gmirebis mosvla da wasvla, stumarTa miReba,nadimebi, dResaswaulebi, Cacma da aRWurva, sizmrebi, mogzauroba.kompoziciaSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba gmirTa sityvebs, maT qebas da datirebas,ama Tu im movlenis katalogs; sagmiro eposSi gamoiyofa msgavsimotivebi da siuJetebi. v. Jirmunskis 162 azriT, eposSi gamoiyofa Semdegimsgavsi motivebi da siuJetebi: gmiris saswaulebrivi dabadeba, misiTviTnebobebi, magiuri mouwyvleloba, uCveulo cxeni da iaraRi, daZmobileba,maWankloba. Zveli eposebis xSiri Temaa gmiris mier qalRmerTis160 П. А. Гринцер, Эпос древнего мира: Типология и взаимосвязи литератур древнего мира, "Наука", Москва1971.161 M. Parry, L'epithete traditionelle dans Homere, Paris 1928; M. Parry, Studies in the Epic Technique of OralVerse-making, p. I-II, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. XLI, 1930.162 В. Жирмунcкий, Народный героический эпос, Москва-Ленинград 1962, 9.105

siyvarulis uaryofa, misi SurisZieba, substitutis sikvdili an gmirismiwisqveSeTSi mogzauroba.sxvadasxva eposebSi calkeuli motivebis siaxlovis mizezebisgarkvevisas grinceri Seecada, moeca am motivebis miTologiuri axsna.rogorc irkveva, yvela asaxavs sayovelTaod gavrcelebul miTosur siuJetebsada warmodgenebs. savaraudoa, rom epikuri poemebis SinaarsebSiCadebulia garkveuli principebi, romlebic xels uwyobs erTi da imavemotivebisa da siuJetebis gamoyenebas.rodesac mwerali raime fabulas iRebs, igi garkveulwiladSezRudulia mxatvruli damuSavebisas, gabeduli cvlilebis Sedegad SesaZloasakmaod daSordes amosaval fabulas, amdenad, unda dasjerdesinterpretacias im doziT, rom e. w. modeli fabula amocnobadi iyos; esmas xels ar uSlis, rom garkveulwilad TviTrealizebac moaxdinos.flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ kolxidis omis epizodSi gvxvdeba ramdenimepasaJi, romelsac, vfiqrobT, garkveuli azrobrivi datvirTva gaaCniada maTi interpretacia da teqstualuri analizi SeuZlebeli iqneba epikuriteqstisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli saerTo kanonzomierebebis gaTvaliswinebisgareSe.2. 1. gesanderi da iazigebis adaTiflakusi e. w. skviTebis katalogSi moixseniebs iazigebs da maTTanakavSirebs saintereso adaTs, romelzec sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebaspirvelad katalogSi (6. 123-128) da mogvianebiT xelmeored kolxidaSiZmaTa Soris omis amsaxvel scenaSi, kerZod, iazigebis sardlis gesanderisaristiis scenaSi (6. 282-314); Cven am adaTze ukve vimsjeleT, rodesacesonisa da alkimedes sikvdilis ambavs ganvixilavdiT, aq mokledgadmovcemT mis arss: roca adamiani berdeba, marjvena aRar uWris daiaraRs veRar imorCilebs, mas Tavisi Zvirfasi memkvidre maxviliT mouswrafebssicocxles, vidre igi TviTon bunebrivi sikvdiliT aResruleba.mama-Svili amiT Tavidan icilebs Seuracxmyofel lodins da orive sasaxelodmiiCnevs aseT sikvdils.namque ubi iam vires gelidae notusque refutatarcus et inceptus iam lancea temnit erilesmagnanimis mos ductus avis haud segnia mortis106

iura pati, dextra sed carae occumbere prolisense dato, rumpuntque moras natusque parensque,ambo animis, ambo miri tam fortibus actis (6. 123-128)nawarmoebSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am adaTs ukavSirdeba kolxi qurumis,akvitesis ambavi, romelic Svilis, kirnusis usafrTxoebaze zrunavs,cdilobs, igi sikvdilisgan daixsnas (6. 296-300). xanSiSesul qurumsulmoblad klavs iazigi gesanderi, romelic aRSfoTebulia Warmagi moxucisbrZolis velze gamoCeniT da fiqrobs, Svils rom igi hyvareboda,aseT samarcxvino siberemde ver miaRwevda (6. 302-316). sikvdilis piras misuliakvitesi RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobas evedreba.Tu wyaroebSi axalgazrda Taobis mier xanSiSesuli moxucebismimarT damokidebulebis Sesaxeb dadasturebul informacias (vgulisxmobTherodotosis da strabonis cnobebs) flakusTan warmodgenilversias SevupirispirebT, aSkarad Cans, rom flakusi icnobs am adaTs,Tumca mas garkveulwilad transformirebuli saxiT warmogvidgens: axalgazrdaTaoba sakuTari xeliT klavs xanSi SesulT, romelTac brZolisZala aRar SeswevT. mTavari inovacia aris flakusiseuli motivacia: igiam adaTs ukavSirebs cneba virtus-is gagebas. axla ki ufro dawvrilebiT:gesanderis locvaSi, romelsac igi gardacvlili mamis aCrdilisadmiaRavlens, Cans, rom es aris adaTi, romelic mas mama-papaTagan mosdgams,TviTonac asrulebs da momaval Taobasac gadascems. Sesabamisad, wesisardamorCileba da ugulebelyofa mkrexelobad iTvleba tomis warmomadgenelTaSexedulebiT. flakusi am emociurad datvirTul scenaSi gvi-Cvenebs gansxvavebas or msoflmxedvelobas Soris, magram sayuradReboa,rom flakusi warmogidgens ara elini/barbarosi dapirispirebas, aramedSida-kavkasiur tomebs Soris arsebul mentalur gansxvavebas: erTi mxriv,adaTis damcvels iazigs, xolo, meore mxriv, kolx qurums Soris, romlisTvisacmiuRebelia es adaTi. garemoebas akvitesis statusic amZimebs,SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom igi aris mavedrebeli mama, romelicmTeli omis ganmavlobaSi cdilobs, daicvas Svili ubedurebisgan,mavedreblis ugulebelyofa ki, rogorc cnobilia, uzenaesi RmerTis mierdadgenil kanonebs ewinaaRmdegeba. amdenad, mkiTxvelis TvalSi aRSfoTebasiwvevs is faqti, rom xanSiSesul mavedrebel mamas ulmoblad klavs107

iazigTa sardali. amaRelvebelia is scenac, sadac sikvdilis piras misuliakvitesi RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobas evedreba.Tu am epizods ufro Rrmad davukvirdebiT, Cveni azriT, aq saqmegvaqvs msxverplSewirvis garkveul formasTan da, amdenad, vidre am pasaJisanalizze gadavidodeT, mokled SevexoT sakiTxs, Tu ras gulisxmobszogadad msxverplSewirvis arsi da funqcia. am sakiTxze vrceliliteratura arsebobs sxvadasxva enaze. saqme gagvimartiva im garemoebam,rom qarTul enaze mogvepoveba rusudan canavas fundamenturi naSromi`miToritualuri modelebi, simboloebi antikur mwerlobaSi da qarTuliliteraturul-eTnologiuri paralelebi~, sadac mecnieruli TeoriebisStudirebis safuZvelze avtori mraval mniSvnelovan konceptualur mosazrebaswarmogvidgens. mecnieruli Tvalsazrisebis Sejerebis safu-Zvelze r. canava midis daskvnamde, rom msxverplSewirvis arsi, funqciada daniSnuleba universaluria. Sesabamisad, msxverplSewirvis miToritualurimodelebis `muSaoba~ uZvelesi kulturebidan dRemde tipologiurimsgavsebebis nairfer suraTs warmogvidgens. 163berZnul miTebSi adamianis danawevrebis ori modeli gvxvdeba. e. w.`samonadireo~ miToritualidan aRmocenebuli (am tipis miTebSi adamianismsxverplSewirvas aqvs motivacia) da e. w. `sparagmosi~ – adamianis daglejaritualuri gaSmagebisas. es modeli misteriuli kultebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.am dros adamiani cocxlad iglijeba yovelgvari ritualurisamzadisis gareSe. 164antikur literaturul ZeglebSi aRwerilia adamianTa msxverplSewirvissxvadasxva forma. am mxriv sxva Tqmulebebis gverdiT udavod adamianismsxverplSewirvas gansakuTrebuli datvirTva eniWeba argonavtebisciklSi (friqsosis, afsirtosis, peliasis, medeas Svilebis). migvaCnia,rom flakusTan marTlac ikveTeba omis konteqsTan dakavSirebuli ramdenimeambavi, romelic swored am aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZlebaaixsnas. flakusi rom religiur sakiTxebSi ganswavluli iyo, amascxadyofs misi Tanamdebobac: igi Sedioda qurumTa kolegiaSi Quindecimvir163 r. canava, miToritualuri modelebi, simboloebi antikur mwerlobaSi da qarTuliliteraturul-eTnologiuri paralelebi, Tbilisi, logosi, 2005, 60.164 Op. cit., 149.108

Sacris Faciundis. kolegiis sxva danarCen wevrebTan erTad mas evalebodasibilanuri wignebis dacva da ganmarteba. aseve am wignebSi aRnusxulisxvadasxva sakulto ritualebis Catareba.vfiqrobT, rom akvitesis da gesanderis ambis gasaanalizeblad dagvexmarebae. w. samonadireo miToritualidan aRmocenebuli danawevrebismodelis gaTvaliswineba. es ambavi omis amsaxvel scenaSi ise ostaturadaris integrirebuli, rom daukvirvebel mkiTxvels, SesaZloa, mxedvelobidanacki gamorCes misi azrobrivi datvirTva. axla uSualod ritualuraspeqtze SevCerdeT. am pasaJSi aSkarad ikveTeba yvela is komponenti,romelic aseTi tipis msxverplSewirvisTvis aris aucilebeli.a) msxverplSewirvis Semsrulebeli: iazigi sardali gesanderi.b) msxverplis arCeva: kolxi qurumi akvitesi. gesanderi ganzrax ir-Cevs moxuc msxverpls, visi Sewirvac, misi warmodgeniT, ufro `gamarTlebuli~iqneba, vidre axalgazrdasi. sagulisxmoa, rom mavedrebeliakvitesi xeluxlebeli daabijebs mowinaaRmdegeTa rigebSi, TiTqos masveravin amCnevdes. misi sazrunavic mxolod Svilis mfarvelobaa; mas _msxverpls mxolod gesanderi _Semsrulebeli amCnevs.g) msxverplSewirvisaTvis mzadeba: vidre msxverplSewirvas aRasrulebdes,gesanderi mimarTavs mamaTa aCrdilebs patrias ... umbras (6.287),kerZod, evedreba gardacvlili mamis, voraptusis suls, sadac kideverTxel mkafiod aris aRniSnuli, rom es adaTi maT mama-papisgan mosdgamTda rom TviTonac icavs da rom SviliSvilebic pataraobidanveamasve swavloben (6. 288-291). locvas mosdevs avtoriseuli replika, romerebosma es locva gaigo haec ait, auditusque Erebo (6. 292).d) msxverplSewirvis iaraRi: poemaSi es iaraRi moixsenieba, rogorcensis _ ormxrivad alesili xmali (corripit ensem, 6. 292; adacto / ense, 6. 308).Tu ra bedi eweoda iazigebis adaTis Sesabamisad likvidirebulmoxucebs, ucnobia. flakusi amaze arafers ambobs. Tvali gadavavloTwyaroebSi dadasturebul informacias: masagetebi (herodotosis cnoba) e.w. kanibalur nadims awyobdnen da Wamdnen winaprebs. kaspielebis (straboniscnoba) adaTis Tanaxmad, xanSiSesuli micvalebulebi frinvelis anZaRlebis ulufa xdeboda, xolo Tu aravin daakarebda pirs, es cudniSnad miaCndaT. ciceroni `tuskulanuri saubrebis~ I wignSi sxvadasxva109

xalxebis dakrZalvis wesebis mimoxilvisas wers: magebi (iraneli qurumebi)miwaSi damarxvamde cxedrebs cxovelebs aglejinebdnen. hirkaniaSiubralo xalxi Temis ZaRlebs kvebavda, maRali wris warmomadgenlebi –Sinaur ZaRlebs. am ZaRlebis jiSi CvenTvis kargadaa cnobili; maT gansakuTrebulimizniT zrdidnen; hirkanelebi Tvlidnen, rom am ZaRlebismier dagleja maTTvis saukeTeso samarxi iyo (Cic. Tusc. disp. I, XLV).diodorosis cnobiT, sparselebi micvalebulTa gvamebs ZaRlebs uyridnendasaglejad (Diod. III, 62).rogor interpretacias aZlevs TviT flakusi am adaTs? akvitesi gesandersSewyalebas sTxovs: genitor tibi si manet, oro / canitiem, comesce minas et sitibi natus / parce meo, 305ff. gesanderi mas ar Seiwynarebs, ramdenadac es misadaTs ewinaaRmdegeba, Sesabamisad, misi Tvalsazrisi aseTia: `Genitor…ipsehac occumbere dextra/maluit…/et tibi si pietas nati, si dextra fuisset,/ haut medii precibus tereresnunc tempora belli” (308-314). gesanderisTvis es saqcieli aris pietas, da masrom akvitesi Seewynarebina, mis vaJkacobas Crdili miadgeboda, SesaZloa,Temidan moekveTaT kidec. amis safuZvelze germaneli mecnieri liuTemiiCnevs, rom misi saqcieli SeiZleba SevafasoT rogorc virtus siqvele,ramdenadac is asrulebs wess, romelic mama-papaTagan mosdgams. 165 Cven arveTanxmebiT am mosazrebas, ris safuZvelsac gvaZlevs TviT gesanderisaRsasrulis forma: akvitesisadmi mimarTul sityvaSi gesanderi SeniSnavs,rom ymawvils nebismieri xvedri Sehferis: SiSveli xeliT brZolac dadaumarxavad darCenac ki (iuvenis sors pulchrior omnis: / et certasse manu decet etcaruisse sepulchro 6. 313-4), Tumca TviTon sicocxlis bolo wuTebSi qalebTanSebrZoleba uwevs da amaZonTa dedofali evriale klavs (6. 379ff.). mansakuTar Tavs yvelaze samarcxvino ganaCeni gamoutana, rasac flakusilakonurad ori sityviT gadmogvcems gesanderis piriT: `heu pudor~ (6. 374).imisaTvis rom sruli iyos Cven mier warmodgenili analizi,mizanSewonilad migvaCnia, yuradReba gavamaxviloT iasonis mSoblebisesonisa da alkimedes aRsasrulis ambavze, sadac aseve xorcieldebamsxverplSewirva, ufro swored TviTSewirva (1. 693-850), rac aseve paralelsgviCvenebs CvenTvis saintereso gesanderis ambavTan. flakuss am Se-165 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971.110

mTxvevaSic isev da isev romaelisaTvis mniSvnelovani cnebebi pietas davirtus-is gageba Semoaqvs. erTi-orad aris saintereso es pasaJi, ramdenadacapoloniosTan amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami. gansxvavebuli formiTdasturdeba es faqti miTografosebTan. 166iasoni laSqrobaSi Tan waiyvans peliasis Svils akastuss, racpeliasis risxvas gamoiwvevs. movlenebi iolkosSi ramdenime etapad xorcieldeba:peliasi gadawyvets iasonis mSoblebze iZios Suri; alkimededa esoni xars swiraven msxverplad; peliasis xalxi moiCqaris, alkimededa esoni sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT 167 asruleben, peliasi klavs iasonisumcros Zmas.iasonis pagases navsadguridan gamgzavrebis Semdeg, alkimede daesoni msxverpls swiraven RmerTebs. esons gamoecxadeba mamis, kreTevsisaCrdili, romelic Seatyobinebs peliasis mzakvrul zraxvebs. amitom moi-Txovs misgan, ramdenadac esoni misi vaJia, mamacurad gamoesalmossicocxles (1. 750). esons surs gadawyvitos, Tu rogori sikvdili airCios(1.769-773), raTa, Tavis mxriv umcrosi vaJisaTvis iyos samagaliTo da asevear Searcxvinos Tavisi winapari eolosi, romelic, kreTevsis TqmiT, masukve aCrdilTa samefoSi elodeba (1. 751). esoni gadawyvets, rom gmiruladaResrulos, vidre mas peliasi mouRebdes bolos. am gadawyvetilebasTankontrasts gviCvenebs esonis survili, rom peliasi aResrulos uCveulo,uRirsi da saSineli sikvdiliT. `de, daeces igi ara brZolis velze, anTviTmkvlelobiT, aramed Tavisianebma daglijon, daanawevron da daumarxavaddatovon~exitia indecoresque obitus! non Marte nec armisaut nati precor ille mei dignatus ut umquamense cadat; quae fida manus, quae cara suorumdiripiat laceretque senem nec membra sepulchrocontegat. haec noster de rege piacula sanguissumat et heu cunctae quas misit in aequora gentes!' (1.810-815)166 Sdr. Diod. Sicul. 4, 50, 1-2; Ps.-Apoll. bibl. 1, 9, 27, 1-2, cece likofronTan 175.167 adamianTa msxverplSewirvis sxvadasxva forma arsebobda. maT Soris, TviTSewirvac(Ю. А. Шилов, Человеческие жертвоприношения в мифоритуалах Северного Причерноморья IV - I тыс. дон. э. // Жертвоприношение, Москва, 2000, 72-73).111

amdenad, peliasis indecores oblitus (1. 810) kontrasts gviCvenebs esonisdidebul xvedrTan magni obitus (1. 769). flakusis mier SeTxzuli ambaviesonisa da alkimedes TviTmkvlelobis Sesaxeb imiTac aris mniSvnelovani,rom swored aq, erTi SexedviT moulodnel adgilas, aris aRweriliaCrdilTa samefo (1. 827-831); yuradRebas ipyrobs miRmier samyaroSi Sesasvleliori kari: erTi maTgani yvela xalxisaTvis da mefeTaTvis mudamRiaa, meore ki mxolod iSviaTad iReba da mxolod gansakuTrebuli pirovnebaTaTvis,romelTac sicocxleSi gamoiCines Tavi siqveliT, zneobriviRirebulebebiT an kultmsaxurebiT (1.832-839). am karis miRma mdebareobsnetarTa kunZulebi, saiTac kreTevsi SeuZRveba esonsa da alkimedes (1.842-847). kreTevsi maT uCvenebs agreTve kars, romlis miRmac peliass samudamotanjva elodeba (1.849-850). kidev erT detalze SevaCerebT yurad-Rebas: iasons iolkosidan gamgzavrebisTanave Seipyrobs SiSi mSoblebisxvedris gamo, rac mas mosvenebas ukargavs. mSoblebi ki Tavis mxriviasonis xvedris gamo SiSoben, ra bedi eweva mas Soreul naosnobaSi.swored es Rirebulebebi: erTmaneTze zrunva da siyvaruli, gambedaoba daRirseuli aRsasrulisTvis mzadyofna, pietas da virtus gamoarCevs alkimedesada esons sxva mokvdavTa Soris da swored amitom maTTvis iReba saiqiosis kari, romelic, Cveulebrivi mokvdavTaTvis daxurulia (1.835-838).2.2. ariasmenusis danawevrebaCveni yuradReba aseve miipyro erT-erTi skviTi meomris, ariasmenusisaRsasrulis formam. vfiqrobT, rom igi garkveul mimarTebasgviCvenebs e. w. `sparagmosis~ modelTan 168 . aSkaraa, SemTxveviTi ar undaiyos is faqti, rom ariasmenusis ambavi mosdevs gesanderisa da akvitesisistorias, Tumca, maT Soris kidev erTi – argonavt kanTusis danawevrebis– ambavia CarTuli, rac interpretaciisaTvis uciloblad mniSvnelovania.ariasmenusi skviTi mebrZolia, romelic dasaxelebulia e. w. skviTebiskatalogSi da aseve eqsponirebulia aietsa da persess Soris gamar-Tuli omis amsaxvel epizodSi. flakusi mas gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs,razec metyvelebs misadmi pirdapiri apelireba: `msurs Seni saqmeni168 am modelis TvalsaCino nimuSia dionise-Zagrevsi, penTevsi, aqteoni.112

momaval Taobebs gadavce~ (6. 102-3). ariasmenusi omis mamoZravebeli Zalaa,saomar etlze amxedrebuli brZolis velze dahqris, erTaderTi surviliamoZravebs, gaJlitos berZnebi da kolxebi (6. 386-389). tragikulia ariasmenusisaRsasruli, mas mteri verafers daaklebda, brZolaSi aTena palasirom ar Careuliyo. gmiri sabrZolo etlidan xteba da sakuTariveetlis basri namglebiT danawevrebuli kvdeba (6. 423-426).vidre moyvanili adgilis interpretaciaze gadavidodeT, yurad-Rebas gavamaxvilebT argonavt kanTusis ambavze, romelic ariasmenusisdanawevrebas uswrebs win. flakuss akvitesis sikvdilis Semdeg SegnebuladSemohyavs moqmedebaSi argonavti kanTusi, romelsac, iseve rogorcariasmenuss, uSualod mimarTavs: te quoque, Canthe, tui non inscia funeris Argo /flevit ab invita rapientem tela carina (6.317-321). 169 kanTusis ambavi asea gadmocemuli(6. 316-371): 170 gesanderi mkerdSi maxvilis dartymiT gangmiravs kanTuss.masTan myis gaCndebian sxva argonavtebi: idasi, meleagrusi, menoetiusi dapoluqsi, telamoni cxedars fars gadaafarebs da cdilobs mis dacvas,mowinaaRmdege ki mis miTvisebas. dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili, Tu rogorglejen kanTuss: Sua nawilSi xels Caavlebs telamoni, kiserSi swvdebagesanderi. telamoni mis ukan gamotacebas lamobs. STabeWdilebas flakusisxatovani Sedarebac aZlierebs: `vinmem rom sakulto msaxurebs xaristyavis dasarbileblad misces cximi, monacvleobiT Wimaven tyavs da asearbileben mas, cximi ki miwaze mowveTavs, ase cdilobda orive mxarecxedris miTvisebas; ase glejdnen sabralos [kanTuss] nawilebad (6. 358-363). 171ra motivacia aqvs kanTusis sikvdils? rogorc moxuci qurumisSemTxvevaSi, argonavtTan mimarTebaSic gesanderi winaswar gaazrebulad169 miniSneba kanTusis xvedrze pirvel wignSic gvxvdeba (1. 451).170 es argonavti imiTac imsaxurebs yuradRebas, rom CarTulia gesanderis aristiaSi daflakusi swored am moments irCevs mniSvnelovani informaciis gadmosacemad. kerZod, aqgesanderi kanTuss aRuwers arqtoss [CrdiloeT kavkasias], gausaZlis pirobebs, autanelsicives, mudmiv zamTars da araxelsayrel klimats, aRwers aseve momTabare tomebiscxovrebis wess.171 aRsaniSnavia, rom kanTusi laSqrobaSi monawile yvelaze mniSvnelovan gmirebs Sorismoixsenieba; rodesac iasoni akastusis dayoliebas cdilobs, CamoTvlis gmirebs dadasZens, rom arc telamoni, arc kanTusi, arc TviT tindaridi ar miaCnia oqros sawmisisufro metad Rirsad, vidre akastusi (1.166-167). sayuradReboa aseve is faqti, rom am argonavtissikvdilis epizods, sul sxva konteqstSi, apolonios rodoselTanac vxvdebiT;kanToss libiaSi klavs mwyemsi, romelic misgan sakuTar faras icavs (IV 1485-1501).113

moqmedebs (illum, ubi congress subiit Gesander iniquo territat his, 322f.). mkvlevarTaazriT, Sewiruli adamianis danawevrebis rituali ukavSirdebamiwaTmoqmedebas da gankuTvnilia nayofierebis matebis uzrunvelsayofad.mokluli da danawevrebuli adamianis sxeulis nawilebs marxavdnenmindorSi, raTa uzrunveleyoT miwis nayofiereba da weliwadis droebisritmuli monacvleoba. am adaTis axsnad miaCniaT ugarituli ritualuriteqsti, romlis mixedviT, omis qalRmerTi anati klavs da anawevrebsmots, misi sxeulis nawilebs ki mindorSi marxavs. 172 meore mxriv, adamianisaso-asod akuwva aris winapiroba konkretul saqmeSi warmatebisaTvis.vfiqrobT, swored am SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme kanTusTandakavSirebiT. misi danawevreba ganapirobebs imas, rom am aqtis Semdegargonavtebi mniSvnelovan warmatebebs aRweven brZolaSi. Tu manamdebrZola cvalebadi warmatebiT mimdinareobda, amis Semdeg upiratesobaaSkarad argonavtebs aqvT. kanTusi aris iasonis substituti. misi sikvdilienacvleba iasonisas, mTavari gmiris sikvdili an hadesSi Casvlaki, rogorc cnobilia, eposis xSiri Temaa.axla davubrundeT isev ariasmenusis ambavs da mivyveT Tanamimdevrulad,Tu rogor xdeba ariasmenusis danawevreba. gmiri grZnobs, romdro da garemoeba moiTxovs mis asparezze gamosvlas (ecce locum tempusque,386). ariasmenusi gondakarguliviT, yovelgvari gegmis gareSe moqmedebs(nullo rapiens discrimine currus, 395), am STabeWdilebas isic aZlierebs, rom masflakusi warRvnas adarebs (390-394). moqmedebaSi erTveba aTena, romelmacunda ganaxorcielos msxverplSewirva, igi aRmarTavs Tavis fars, maRlawamoSlili gvelebi daafrTxoben cxenebs. damfrTxali cxenebi meetleebsCamoagdeben da absoluturad umarTavi namglebiani etlebi (falcatos ... axes,387, Sdr. ensibus uncis, 400) sasaklaos qmnian mebrZolTa rigebSi. Sedegisazarelia: erTi mxriv, cxenebis (biiugus, 413) da, meore mxriv, meetleTa(eriles, 413) nawilebi, (artus, 413) akuwuli (secant, 414) Tvlis manebiT (radii 414)da aRviriT (frena, 414). etli moklulTa sisxliT aris gaJRenTili (curruscaede madens, 415), masze meetleTa Signeuloba moCans (regum / viscera, 415-6). amsazarel sanaxaobas mosdevs mamaci ariasmenusis qmedeba: uiaraRod172 Op. cit. 63.114

darCenili gmiri xteba etlidan (ipse recollectis audax Ariasmenus armis / desilit,423-4), rasac mosdevs misi aRsasruli: moxrili maxvilebi (acies curvae, 424)da borblebis namglebi (falcis... rotis, 425-6) yoveli mxridan akuwavs (secat,424) da daanawevrebs (partitur, 425) skviT meomars.iseve, rogorc gesanderis SemTxvevaSi, aqac TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadikompenenti dasturdeba, rac sparagmosis gansaxorcieleblad arissaWiro: a) gamorCeuli msxverplis arCeva: ariasmenusi; b) sparagmosisCamtarebeli: qalRmerTi aTena; g) iaraRi: ormagad alesili xmali.am SemTxvevaSi, Cveni azriT, saqme gvaqvs jgufur sparagmosTan,sadac aqcentirebulia erT-erTi gamorCeuli sardlis, ariasmenusis danawevreba.flakusi, rogorc Cans, zedmiwevniT icnobs am rituals da sworedskviTebTan akavSirebs mas. rogorc cnobilia, adamianTa msxverpl-Sewirva, danawevreba da nawilebis mindorSi damarxva dasturdebaskviTebis yofaSic, cirkumSavizRvispireTis tomebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi,balkaneTze, dasavleT evropasa da axlo aRmosavleTSic. 1732.3. stirusis sikvdilistirusis ambavi Zalauflebis mopovebis miTorituals mogvagonebs.albaneli ufliswuli stirusi medeas erT-erTi xelismTxovnelia.stirusis garda medeas xelis mosapoveblad ramdenime gmiri ibrZvis:henioxebisa da alanebis sardali anavsisi, skviTi koastesi, parTelielCi mirakesi, berZeni iasoni. aietma winaswarmetyvelebis Tanaxmad icis,rom mas (mis Zalauflebas) safrTxe moelis ucxoelisgan, amitomacaxlos ar ikarebs maT da gadawyvets, medea araucxoels miaTxovos. igiarCevans albanel ufliswulze aCerebs da argonavtebis kolxidaSiCasvlis momentisaTvis stirusi, rogorc medeas kanonieri saqmro, ukvesamefo ojaxis wevrTa Soris aris dasaxelebuli absirtusisa dafriqsusis vaJebis gverdiT (5. 459-460, Sdr. 3. 496-497). anavsiss omisdawyebamdec akavSirebs urTierToba kolxidasTan. aietze ganawyenebulia,radgan mefem medeas xelismTxovnelTa Soris upiratesoba stirussmianiWa, miuxedavad imisa, rom manamde anavsiss aimedebda. iasonis garda173 Ю. А. Шилов, op. cit., 2000.115

medeas da, amdenad, aietis samefos xelSi Cagdebis yvela msurveliiRupeba persessa da aiets Soris amtydar omSi. gansakuTrebulad arisaqcentirebuli stirusis sikvdili. niSandoblivia, rom igi kolxididanmoSorebiT kvdeba, kerZod k. pevkeze, sadac imyofebian kolxididan gamoqceuliargonavtebi. am adgils gamorCeuli daniSnuleba aqvs: aq imarTebaiasonisa da medeas qorwili. aqve aris samsxverplo aRmarTuli(sacrificas...aras, 243), aseve imyofebian kultmsaxurnic (ministri, 242). sazeimoceremonias Seaferxebs momxvdur kolxTa laSqari absirtusis meTaurobiT.am laSqarSi imyofeba stirusic, romelic siyvaruliT aris anTebuli(flammatus amore, 8. 300). moqmedebaSi erTveba qalRmerTi iuno, misimeoxebiT saqme ar midis xelCarTul brZolamde, radganac winaaRmdeg Sem-TxvevaSi mravalricxovani kolxebi dasjabnidnen argonavtebs. iunogamoiwvevs saSinel grigals. niSandoblivia, rom pirveli stirusi SeamCnevsaboboqrebul zvirTebs (longa...unda, 8. 299). miuxedavad imisa, rommravali Seiwira da STanTqa zRvis talRebma, stirusi ar apirebs ukandaxevas, imdenad didia misi mrisxaneba (335). gemidan gadmovardnili 174lamobs Tavis gadarCenas, Tumca arc aravis esmis misi da arc aravissurs misi daxmareba (nulla potest, aut ulla velit, 364). igi sasikvdilodaa ganwiruli.CamovayaliboT is mTavari orientirebi, rac am miToritualisaTvisaris ganmsazRvreli: a) msxverpli aris mefis asuli xelis mTxovneli:stirusi; b) msxverplSewirvas atarebs RvTaeba: iuno; g) msxverpli iRupebagamorCeul adgilas araordinaluri formiT: stirusi kvdeba k. pevkeze,xomaldidan gadmovardnili.akvitesis, ariasmenusis, kanTusis, stirusis ambebi ise organuladaris CarTuli eposis siuJetur qargaSi, rom, erTi SexedviT, SeiZlebamxedvelobidan gamogvrCes kidec maTi mniSvneloba. oTxive ganxiluliSemTxvevis gaanalizeba SeuZlebelia msxverplSewirvis miToritualisgaTvaliswinebis gareSe. flakusi SemTxveviT ar arCevs msxverpladSesawir adamianebs, isini sxva danarCen adamianTa Soris gamoirCevian;(sagulisxmoa, rom romaeli epikosi maT eTnikurobis TvalsazrisiTacgamoarCevs: akvitesi kolxia, ariasmenusi – skviTi, kanTusi – berZeni,174 Sdr. gadmocemebi simaRlidan Camovardnil adamianze (elpenori, butesi, mizenusi,palinurusi) (canava, 2005, 230-241).116

stirusi – albaneli). gamorCeuli msxverpli anu dasjili uSualodgadadioda RvTaebis gankargulebaSi. oTxive SemTxvevaSi msxverplsiwiravs RvTaeba (belona, aTena, iuno). rac Seexeba daumarxavad datovebas,es sasjeli ki ar iyo, aramed dakrZalvis ZvelisZveli forma,romlis Tanaxmadac, maradiuli substancia – Zvlebi xelmeored aRdgomisunars SeiZenda. daumarxavad datoveba msoflios sxvadasxva xalxSiyofila gavrcelebuli, gamonakliss arc kavkasia warmoadgens. esrituali miToritualuri warmodgenebis ganviTarebis gviandel etapzedasjis formad iqca da Semdgom desakralizacia ganicada. ramdenadacdakarguli aqvs warmoSobis fesvebi da odindeli mniSvneloba, sakralurobisagandaclili rituali vandalobad aRiqmeba. SeiZleba iTqvas, romflakusTan es miToritualebi desakralizacias ganicdian da profanulixasiaTi aqvT, Tumca, isic cxadia, rom miToritualuri aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebisgareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba ritualebSi ganswavluli romaeliepikosis mier Seqmnili am pasaJebis gaazreba.3. kolxebis warmomavloba cunabula gentis Colchidosromaul wyaroebSi warmodgenilia saxelganTqmuli kolxuri tomebi:xalibebi, tibarenebi, makronebi, biZerebi, mosinikebi, filirebi, TviTkolxebi. flakusi SavizRvispireTis Sesaxeb geografiul cnobebs zustadicavs da avtoris Tanaxmad, xalibebi, tibarenebi, mosinikebi, biZerebi dafilirebi kolxuri tomebia. poeti lakonurad axasiaTebs dasaxelebulitomebis zne-Cveulebebs, ramdenadac apoloniosTan isini sakmaod detaluradarian daxasiaTebulni (5.140-153), samagierod, mniSvnelovnad avsebscnobebs kolxTa Sesaxeb. flakusi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobsmaT: sakmaod originalurad warmogvidgens solis taZars, romelsackolxidaSi mniSvnelovani funqcia akisria; 175 aq sruldeba mniSvnelovanimolaparakebebi. 176 mefe usmens warCinebul mamebs, xalxis Txovnebs (5. 405-6). niSandoblivia, rom swored am taZris suraTebis aRweris meSveobiT (5.175 Sdr. G. Manuwald, 1998, 307-317.176 Sdr. vergiliusTan iunos taZari (Aen. I 440-493).117

426ff.) SevityobT kolxidis istorias, kolxur ordo rerum-s. 177 vfiqrobT,flakusi gaazrebulad gadmoscems aseTi saxiT kolxebis istorias,ramdenadac soli aietis mamaa da aiets TanaugrZnobs, Sesabamisad,logikuria aietisa da iasonis Sexvedra oqros sawmisis molaparakebisTaobaze gaimarTos ara aietis sasaxleSi (rogorc es apolonios rodoselTanaawarmodgenili), aramed solis taZarSi, romlis frontonzecTviT solia gamosaxuli. 178pirveli suraTi, romelsac iasoni ramdenime TanamgzavrTan erTadsolis taZarTan misvlisas dainaxavs (5. 426-414), ganTavsebulia taZrisfrontonze. soli oqrosfer cxenebTan erTad atlasze gadmodis da dRemohyavs. mas mosdeven mTvare momcro etliT, pleadebi da hiadebi.non aliter quam si radiantis adirentora dei verasque aeterni luminis arces,tale iubar per tecta micat. stat ferreus AtlansOceano genibusque tumens infringitur unda.at medii per terga senis rapit ipse nitentesaltus equos curvoque diem subtexit Olympo.pone rota breviore soror densaeque sequunturPliades et madidis rorantes crinibus ignes (5.407-414)taZris ormag karebze gamosaxulia cunabula gentis Colchidos ...ortusque (5. 416-417). aRwerilia scenebi, romlebic kolxebis warmomavlobas da warsulsgadmoscemen. movlenebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia argos kolxidaSi CamosvlasTan(5. 417-432) da ambebs, romlebic mogvianebiT korinTosSiganviTardeba (5. 433-454).pirveli scena karis pirvel darabaze kolxebis warmomavlobasgadmoscems (5. 417-423). flakusi am SemTxvevaSi aSkarad herodotoss eyrdnobada iziarebs Tvalsazriss kolxebis egvipturi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.naCvenebia, Tu rogor midis egviptis mefe sesostrisi getebis177 homerosidan moyolebuli xelovnebis nimuSebis aRwera eposSi cnobili movlenaa:aqilevsis fari (Il. 18. 478-608); alkinoosis sasaxle (Od. 7. 84-133), vergiliusTan – iunostaZari didos qveyanaSi (Aen. 1. 446-495); dedalosis mier agebuli taZrebi (6. 14-34);lavrenteli pikusis saxli (7. 170-191); eneasis fari (8. 626-731).178 unda aRiniSnos, rom teqstSi konkretulad ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu sad iyo esa Tuis scena ganTavsebuli, Cven veyrdnobiT g. manuvaldis (G. Manuwald, 1998, 307-317) mier SemoTavazebullokalizebas.118

winaaRmdeg salaSqrod, 179 damarcxebis Semdeg jaris nawili kvlavegvipteSi mihyavs, nawils ki aiZulebs, kolxidaSi dasaxldes; movlenisaRwerisas xazgasmulia SiSi da Zaladoba. nawili kvlav Tavis samSobloSi,arsinoeSi brundeba da keTildReobasa da uzrunvelobaSi atarebscxovrebas Tbil farosze, kolxidaSi dasaxlebuli nawili ki amis magivradTavianT Cacmulobas cvlis sarmatul Sarvlebze, rac ucxoelobis,aracivilizirebulobis da barbarosobis maCveneblad unda miviCnioT(5. 421-423).am Strixis intensifikacia momdevno scenaSic xdeba, sadac personificirebulimdinare fasisi moixsenieba epiTetiT barbarus (5. 424; Sdr. 1.517-518).Colchidos hic ortusque tuens, ut prima Sesostrisintulerit rex bella Getis, ut clade suorumterritus hos Thebas patriumque reducat ad amnem,Phasidis hos imponat agris Colchosque vocariimperet. Arsinoen illi tepidaeque requiruntotia laeta Phari pinguemque sine imbribus annumet iam Sarmaticis permutant carbasa bracis (5.417-423)amave karis darabaze kolxebis warmomavlobis scenas mosdevs oriscena (5. 424-432), romelic uSualod ar ukavSirdeba kolxebis warmomavlobasda drouli fiqsaciac ar aris mocemuli, Tumca, kolxebis miTiurwarsuls miekuTvneba.pirveli scena (5. 424-428) gviCvenebs, Tu rogor sdevnis mdinarisRmerTi fasisi kavkasiel nimfa aias, romelic iltvis mSobliur mTebSi,Tumca, bolos SeSinebuli qalwuli kaparWs agdebs da mas RmerTi imorCilebsmZlavri talRebiT.barbarus in patriis sectatur montibus AeanPhasis amore furens. pavidas iacit illa pharetras 425179 sesostrisis laSqrobebisa da egviptelebisa da kolxebis msgavsebaze Sdr. aseve (Ap.Rhod. 4. 272-278), romelic argosis sityvaSi gadmogvcems cnobas aiaSi mosaxle kolxebisegviptelebisagan warmoSobis Sesaxeb. es tradicia herodotosisgan iRebs dasabams (II102-110): sesostrisma ilaSqra aziaSi, daipyro tavrebi, skviTebi; mdinare fasisTan datovalaSqris nawili, romlisganac warmoiSvnen kolxebi. berZeni istorikosi aq emyarebagadmocemas egviptelebsa da kolxebs Soris arsebul garegnul msgavsebebis Sesaxeb(Savgvremanebi da xuWuWTmianebi arian, wesad aqvT winadacveTa, msgavsi wesiT amuSavebensels, erTi aqvT cxovrebis niri da ena, Her. II, 2,103-4).119

virgineo turbata metu, discursibus et iam 427deficit ac volucri victam deus alligat unda.meore scena (5. 429-432) gadmoscems ganadgurebul faeTons, romelsacdebi dastirian, teTisi cdilobs, Seagrovos etlis natexebi da cxenislagam-aRviri, im cxenis, romelsac solis tkivilis eSinia.flebant populeae iuvenem Phaethonta sororesater et Eridani trepidum globus ibat in amnem.at iuga vix Tethys sparsumque recolligit axemet formidantem patrios Pyroenta dolores (5.429-432)am gamosaxulebebSic gadmocemulia Zaladoba, ubedureba da tkivili,ise rom, karis pirveli darabis suraTebi damTrgunvel STabeWdilebasaxdenen mnaxvelze. es scenebi imavdroulad paralels gviCveneben,erTi mxriv, medeasa da iasonis da, meore mxriv, absirtusis momaval xvedrTan.180 medeac amaod cdilobs iasonis siyvarulisgan Tavdacvas (7.1-20,127-152, 292-322), magram sabolood RmerTebis CareviT Tmobs da iasonisawadels aRwevs (6.439-479, 590-591, 7.153-186, 323-324). faeTonis ambavi absirtusismomaval xvedrze migvaniSnebs da faeTonis sikvdilic, garkveulwilad,absirtusis aRsasrulis momaswavebelia, Tumca, imis gamo, romflakusis àrgonavtikis~ merve wigni Cvenamde sruli saxiT ar arismoRweuli, amaze mxolod varaudis gamoTqma SegviZlia.karis meore darabaze gamosaxulia movlenebi, romlebic momavalSiunda ganviTardes (5. 433-454). miuxedavad imisa, rom konkretulad arc adgilida arc personaJia dasaxelebuli da mxolod miniSnebebia erTmaneTismiyolebiT mocemuli, gaTviTcnobierebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis yvelafrisidentifikaciaa SesaZlo.pirvel suraTze (5. 435-439) gamosaxulia argos agebis scena daargonavtebis mogzaurobis dasawyisi. ramdenadac argo aRwerilia rogorcerTaderTi gemi mTels usazRvro zRvaze (5. 438), es garemoeba mimarTebasgviCvenebs prooimionSi aqcentirebul TemasTan (1. 1-4) – SoreulqveynebSi sazRvao gzis gaxsnasTan. aq miniSnebulia mogzaurobis isto-180 sainteresoa, rom apolonios rodoselic afsirtoss erTgan faeTonad moixseniebs kai;min Kovlcwn ui|e" ejpwnumivhn Faevqonta ƒ e[kleon `kolxTa Svilebi metsaxelad faeTons eZaxdnen~(Arg. III 245-6).120

iuli roli, rac safuZvels udebs aziis Zalauflebis dasustebas daomebis meSveobiT berZnebis gaZlierebas.aurea quin etiam praesaga Mulciber artevellera venturosque olim caelarat Achivos.texitur Argea pinus Pagasaea securiiamque eadem remos, eadem dea flectit habenas,ipsa subit nudaque vocat dux agmina dextra.exoritur Notus et toto ratis una profundocernitur, Odrysio gaudebant carmine phocae (5.433-439)meore suraTi (5. 440-441) miemarTeba movlenebis dasasruls kolxidaSi,sadac gamosaxulni arian SeSinebuli kolxebi da medea, romelicmiatovebs mamas.apparent trepidi per Phasidis ostia Colchiclamantemque procul linquens regina parentem (5.440-441)karis meore darabaze aseve gadmocemulia scenebis bolo wyeba (5.442-451. 452-454), romelic winamavlisagan aSkarad gamoyofilia leqsikuriformativiT (contra 5. 442) da warmoadgens korinTosis movlenebs: naCvenebiasaqorwino CiraRdnebi, SurisZiebis qalRmerTebi, mitovebuli, sevdianiyofili coli, mzadeba samosis da gvirgvinis mosawamlad da maTi zemoqmedebaaxal colze (5. 442-451), da bolos, sisxliT gaJRenTili qali,romelic frTosani drakoniT Sebmuli etliT mifrinavs haerSi (5. 452-454).urbs erat hinc contra gemino circumflua ponto,ludus ubi et cantus taedaeque in nocte iugalesregalique toro laetus gener; ille prioremdeserit: ultrices spectant a culmine Dirae.deficit in thalamis turbataque paelice coniunxpallam et gemmiferae donum exitiale coronaeapparat ante omnes secum dequesta labores.munere quo patrias paelex ornatur ad arasinfelix et iam rutilis correpta venenisimplicat igne domos... (5.442-451)iasonma taZris karebze gamosaxuli suraTebis daTvaliereba xalisianaddaiwyo (nec minus hinc varia dux laetus imagine templi / ad geminas fertorafores,121

4216f.), momdevno scenebis daTvalierebis Sedegad ki ganwyoba radikaluradSeecvala, ise rom, aietTan saubris dawyebis momentisaTvis (5. 456-547)jer kidev ganicdis avismomaswavebeli suraTebis zemoqmedebas. TviT kolxebsacki, romelTac ver gaugiaT hefestos mier Seqmnili suraTebisarsi, sZulT es suraTebi da Tvals arideben (5. 454). argonavtebic dabneulnida SiSiT Sepyrobilni arian (5. 455)....haec tum miracula Colchisstruxerat Ignipotens nondum noscentibus, illequis labor, aligeris aut quae secet anguibus aurascaede madens. odere tamen visusque reflectunt (5.451-454)e. lefevri flakusis mier aseTi saxiT gadmocemul kolxebisSesaxeb ambebSi cdilobs, poetis Tanamedrove romaelTa istoriis anareklidainaxos. rogorc Cans, romaelma epikosma mxatvruli formiT warmogvidginasamoqalaqo omebi, rasac manamde lukanusi Seecada Tavis Bellumcivile-Si da flakusis Semdgom staciusi Thebais-Si. Tu apoloniosrodoseli kolxebis aRwerisas ar avlens Tanadroul mimarTebebs, lefevrisazriT, kolxebi romaelebs aris Sedarebuli da amiT aixsneba maTSesaxeb Seqmnili negatiuri suraTic. 181 es Tvalsazrisi garkveulwiladmisaRebia, Tumca arc is unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan, rom flakusiaSkarad diferencirebul damokidebulebas avlens, erTi mxriv, CrdiloeTSimosaxle tomebs da, meore mxriv, barSi mcxovreb kolxebs Soris.4. konfliqtSi monawile tomebirogorc ukve aRvniSneT, antikur wyaroebSi SedarebiT mcirea informaciaim tomebisa da gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic kavkasiis CrdiloeTferdobebze binadroben. aq ZiriTadad yuradReba gamaxvilebuliasarmatebze, alanebze, skviTur tomebze, romlebic gamoirCevian TavianTimravalricxovnebiTa da urTierTobebiT kavkasiis samxreT nawilSi mcxovrebtomebTan. am tomebis Sesaxeb araerTi cnoba mogvepoveba. bunebrivia,Cven ar visaxavT miznad warmovadginoT yvela wyaro, gvainteresebs, Tu rasuraTs gviCvenebs am mxriv flakusis àrgonavtika~. apolonios rodosel-181 E. Lefèvre, Das Bild der Kolcher in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, Phasis I, 1999, 37.122

Tan yuradReba ZiriTadad gamaxvilebulia samx. SavizRvispireTSi mosaxletomebze; igi Rirebul eTnografiul cnobebs gvawvdis xalibebis (II1002-1008), tibarenebis (II 1009-1014), mosinikebis (II 1015-1029) Sesaxeb. racSeexeba CrdiloeTSi mcxovreb tomebs, dasaxelebuli arian savromatebi –kolxebisadmi mtrulad ganwyobili skviTuri tomi (igive sarmatebi III 353,III 394); 182 skviTebi, romelTa sazRvrebSic miedineba istrosi (IV 288, IV320); mdinare istrosis sanapiroze mosaxle tomebi: siginebi (IV 320) dagravkenebi (IV 321), aseve sindebi _ istrosis SesarTavTan lavrionisvelze mcxovrebi tomi (IV, 322). 183flakusi, SeiZleba iTqvas, uaRresad saintereso da mravalferovaninformacias gvawvdis Crd. kavkasiasa da Crd. SavizRvispireTSi mosaxletomebis Sesaxeb; ZiriTadad es cnobebi warmodgenilia e. w. skviTebiskatalogSi, sadac gmirebis eqsponirebasTan erTad CarTulia mravali geografiulida eTnografiuli cnoba. am informaciis katalogSi SemotaniTflakusi axdens argonavtebis mowinaaRmdegeebis eqsponirebas 184 . igisxvadasxva wyarodan iRebs informacias da sainteresod miCneuldetalebs skviT xalxs usadagebs; flakusi aseT informacias sxvadasxvarogorc poeturi, aseve arapoeturi wyarodan iRebs, raTa istoriuladdamowmebulma faqtebma mis mier monaTxrobs realuri elferi SesZinos.zogierT toms flakusi meti damajereblobisaTvis iseT adaT-wesebs182 argosi aiets warudgens argonavtebs: `man Cemgan ismina, rom savromatebi [Seni] didimtrebi arian da ganizraxa saCuqrisaTvis sakadrisi samagiero mogiZRvnas da isini SenskverTxs daumorCilos~ (III 353). iasoni mimarTavs aiets: àxlac mzada varT, samagierogadagixadoT swrafi omiT: gind savromatebs davumorCilebT Sens kverTxs, gind kidevsxva xalxs~ (III 394).183`velurma mwyemsebma, xomaldebis SiSiT mravalricxovani naxiri dacvarul mdeloebzemiatoves, TiTqos urCxulebiT savse zRvidan aRmomaval mxecebs xedavdnen. maT uwin arenaxaT sazRvao xomaldebi; arc TrakielebTan aRreul skviTebs, arc siginebs, arcgravkenebsa da arc lavrionis udabur da did velze mosaxle sindebs~ (IV 314-322).siginebs moixseniebs jer kidev herodotosi (Her.V, 9), strabonis mixedviT, isinicxovroben kaspiis zRvasTan (XI, 11,8). gravkenebi mxolod apolonios rodoselTangvxvdeba. herodotosi sindebs da q. sindikes Savi zRvis sanapiroze aTavsebs da skviTurtomad Tvlis (VI, 26), strabonis mixedviT, sindebi meotTa tomia (XI, 2, 1011).184 W. Kühlmann, Katalog und Erzählung. Studien zu Konstanz und Wandel einer literarischen Form in der antikenEpik, Diss. Freiburg/Br. 1973, 303f. geografiuli da eTnografiuli cnobebis warmomavlobisSesaxeb ix.: A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899; R. Harmand, DeValerio Flacco Apollonii Rhodii imitatore 1898 Nancy, 19-22: valeriusi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan iRebsinformacias da gadaaqvs sainteresod miCneuli detalebi skviT xalxze; E. Shreeves.Landscape, Topography and Geographical Notation in the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus. Diss. University ofNorth Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1979, 170-175: xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom flakusi aseT informaciassxvadasxva, rogorc poeturi, aseve arapoeturi wyaroebidan iRebs, raTa istoriuladdamowmebulma faqtebma mis mier monaTxrobs realoba mianiWos.123

miawers, rac sxva tomebTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba wyaroebSi, an umeteswiladmisi poeturi fantaziis nayofs warmoadgens.tomebi, romelTac flakusi CamoTvlis, SeiZleba ramdenime jgufaddavyoT: 1. Crd. SavizRvispireTis tomebi: akesinebi, Tirsagetebi, iazigebi,kimerielebi, satarxebi, sarmatebi, hileebi; 2. sxvadasxva warmomavlobisCrdilo da das. SavizRvispireTis tomebi: avxatebi, arimaspebi, batarnebi,bisaltebi, kolaletebi, koralebi, mesielebi, nevrebi; 3. Crd. kavkasielitomebi: alanebi, eqsomatebi, torinebi, sindebi, henioxebi; 4. kaspiispireTistomebi: kaspiadebi, hirkanielebi; 5. aRmosavluri warmomavlobis tomebi:gangaridebi, drangebi, keseebi, mikeebi; 6. savaraudod flakusis mier gamogonilitomebi: balonitebi, kentorebi, xoaTrebi. suraTi TvalsaCinoa,flakusi ZiriTadad im xalxebs rTavs katalogSi, romlebic istoriuladdasturdebian, imisaTvis, rom momxdar oms istoriuli elferi SesZinosda realuri gaxados.4.1. Crd. SavizRvispireTis tomebiakesinebi 185 – flakusi warmogvidgens erT-erT skviT sardals friqsuss,romelsac akesinuri razmebi mihyavs kolxidaSi salaSqrod (Acesinaque.../ ...agmina, 6. 70-1).cnobilia am saxelwodebis mdinare, romelsac pliniusi ganaTavsebsyirimis da borisTenesis maxloblad (Plin. n. h. 4.83). Steph. Byz. Tavis damatebaSigvawvdis maT Sesaxeb informacias: Tavnai~...tine;~ de; kai; to;n potamo;nÆAkesivnhn ei\nai.Tirsagetebi _ flakusTan es tomi dasturdeba formiT Thyrsagetae(6.135ff.). vismanis azriT, avtors, savaraudod, surda es tomi etimologiuraddaekavSirebina bakxusis thyrsus-Tan da, Sesabamisad, dionises miTTan,razec metyvelebs poemis konteqstic: 186 àr davdumdebi arc Tirsagetze,romelic sisxlian omebSi timpanons daatarebs, zurgze mogdebuli aqvsmofriale tyavi da xelT upyria yvavilebiT garSemownuli amwvanebulimaxvili. arsebobs Tqmuleba, rom bakxusma, iupiteris da kadmusis sisxliTnaTesavma, am razmis sardlobiT keTilsurnelovani sabeelebi, maTi185 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 46.186 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 70.124

ednieri samefo da arabebic daamarcxa, Semdeg ki, roca hebrusis wyalzegadadioda, miatova Tirsagetebi yinulovan CrdiloeTSi. maT axlac kiSemorCenili aqvT winaparTa adaTi: spilenZis sakravze wminda dartymebida fleita, mTxrobeli aRmosavluri brZolis Sesaxeb~ (6.135-142).Tisagetebi skviTiis CrdiloeTSi, tyeSi mcxovrebi da monadiretomia; isini cxovrobdnen savaWro gzasTan, romelic tanaisidan uralisSua mTebisken miemarTeboda. saxlobdnen tyis masivSi qvemo kamasTan (kama)da iyvnen finur-ugruli warmomavlobisa. 187 es forma unda davukavSiroTherodotosis Qussagevtai (IV 22); Sdr. Steph. Byz. s. v. Thyssagetae; Mela1.116; Plin. n. h. VI 19.iazigebi 188 – iazigebi da maTi gamorCeuli sardali gesanderi kolxidaSiaietsa da persess Soris gamarTul omSi iReben monawileobas.(6. 294-316). flakusi am tomTan akavSirebs saintereso adaTs, romelzecCven ukve araerTxel visaubreT.iazigi sarmatebi saxlobdnen donsa da dneprs Soris (Strab. 7. 3. 17Tac. Ann. 12. 29. 3). Tavdapirvelad isini meotisis tbasTan cxovrobdnen(Ammian. Marc. XXII 8, 31). savaraudod, aleqsandre didis gardacvalebisSemdeg maT daamxes skviTebis samefo da gavrceldnen karpatebamde. aqedanisini mividnen donis da Taisis dablobze, sadac ptolemaiosi (Geogr. III 7)ase gansazRvravs maTi sacxovrebeli adgilis sazRvrebs: das.-TiT dasamx.-TiT – doni, aRm.-TiT – Taisi, Crd.-TiT – karnuntumis mTebi. tacitusi(ann. XII 29) gvamcnobs, rom klavdiusis droisaTvis svebebis mefe vaniusisjarSi imyofebodnen mxedari iazigebi. aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT,rom ax. w. 50 wlisaTvis iazigebi donsa da Taiss Soris cxovrobdnen.kimerielebi 189 _ flakusi àrgonavtikaSi~ moixseniebs kimerielqurums avxuss (6.60, 619), romelic uricxv erTsulovan meomars sardlobsda Tavs iwonebs kimeriuli simdidriT (igulisxmeba meomrebiT); flakusTanqveynis dasalierad aris miCneuli kimerielTa adgilsamyofeliCimmerium domus `kimerielTa samyofeli~ (3.399). aq mdebareobs mRvime, sa-187 A. Herrmann, Thyssagetai, RE, A. 1, 755; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.188 Vulić, Iazyges, RE, IX. 1, 1189 S VI; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 64-5.189 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 42.125

dac SavebSi mosili kelenevsi 190 asamarTlebs adamianebs, romelTaccodva Caidines (3.399ff.).antikur wyaroebSi es aris tomi, romelic saxlobda skviTurtavrosTan da meotisis tbasTan. maTi eqspansia ganicada kavkasiam daanatoliam. Sdr. gimeriebi, kimbrebi, qeimerebi. herodotosis Tanaxmad,saxlobdnen skviTiis regionebSi (4.12), maTi saxeli ewoda yirimisnaxevarkunZuls. mela maT moixseniebs amaZonebisa da hiperboreelebisgverdiT (1.13). ovidiusis mixedviT, isini floben miTiur beWeds, igi kimerielebTanaxlos ganaTavsebs somnusis gamoqvabuls (Met.11.592).satarxebi 191 – flakusTan moixseniebian aietis winaaRmdeg daZrullaSqarSi: TavianT almebs mohyvebian eqsomatebi, torinebi da qeraTmianisatarxebi sua signa secuti / Exomatae Torynique et flavi crine Satarchae (6.143-4).satarxebi mdidarni arian sawveleliT (6.145).satarxebi yirimze mcxovrebi xalxia, romelTac saxelwodeba miiResq. satarxadan (Satarcha). isini epigrafikuladac dasturdebian yirimzeSatarcaiou" [Latyschev Inscriptiones orae sept. I nr. 244]; Satarcai'oi ix. Steph. Byz.Tavfrai. kalistratosi ukavSirebs maT Tavfrai-s tafriebs, romlebic brmebisSTamomavlebi iyvnen. herodotosis cnobiT, skviTebi rodesac rZesmowvelian, asxamen xis WurWelSi, romelsac Semousxamdnen brmebs faSaticxenis rZis sadRvebad. amis gamo skviTebi yvelas abrmavebdnen, visacxelT igdebdnen (Her. IV, 2f.) da maT mxaresac Tavfrai an Tavfrh ewodeboda.pliniusi satarxebs (Satharcheos) ganaTavsebs md. donis (n. h. VI 22),tavrosuli xersonesosis maxloblad (IV. 85), rogorc mela (Mela II 3. 4),romlis mixedviT, isini cxovrobdnen Palus Maeotis-Tan da iyvnentavroselebis aRm. mezoblebi. isini unda iyvnen monebis STamomavlebi,romlebic maT qalbatonebs daukavSirdnen, roca skviTebi xangrZliv omsawarmoebdnen Trakielebis winaaRmdeg. pliniusi ganarCevs SatharcheosHerticheos da Satharcheos Spalaeos. es ukanasknelni, kislingis Tanaxmad(Kiessling, RE, VIII, 1150), arian gamoqvabulSi mcxovrebi satarxebi, rac aramxolod Steph. Byz.-is Tavfra an Tavfrh-s mogvagonebs, aramed mecnieri maT190kelenevsi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia, masze dawvrilebiT visaubrebTSesabamis TavSi.191 Weissbach, Satarchae, RE, II A. 1, 60; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 73.126

melasTan (Mela II 10) moxseniebul xalxs Sarthae ukavSirebs, romelTac aruyvardaT oqro da vercxli, aramed awarmoebdnen gacvliT vaWrobas.ukiduresad mkacr zamTars atarebdnen qvesknelebSi; saxes imosavdnen,mxolod Tvalebi mouCandaT.sarmatebi _ flakusi sarmatebs asaxelebs aietis winaaRmdegdaZrul laSqarSi, isini gamoirCevian grZeli maxvilebiT, rogorc makedonelebi(conti) Sdr. Grat.117 Macetum immensos...contos, Sil.15.684 f. conti /Sarmatici, Tac.Hist.1.79.2 Sarmatae...neque conti neque gladii, Ann.6.35.1. flakusimoixseniebs Sauromatae formasac at tibi quinam / Sauromatae, miseranda, proci? (7.234-5) da saintereso eTnografiul detalsac rTavs epizodSi, kerZod, sadackirked qceuli iuno cdilobs, medea daiyolios, iasonze ifiqros, eubneba,rom sabralos mxolod savromatebi, iberielebi da veluri gelonebisTxoven xels, romelTac wesad ar aqvT dasjerdnen mxolod erT cols:cui vadis Hibero,/ ei mihi, vel saevo coniunx non una Gelono? (7.235-6).pliniusis Tanaxmad (n. h. 4.80), Graecis Sauromatae Sauromavtai cxovrobdnenamJamindel ukrainaSi (tanaisis maxloblad), aseve wyaroebSi aRwerilia,rom isini movidnen danubiosidan teste Ovidio (Tr., Pont. passim) an Sil.3.617Sarmaticis victor compescet sedibus Histrum da kavkasiidan (Luc.3.270 Heniochi saevisqueadfinis Sarmata Moschis, sadac mosxebi arian samxr. kolxididan); Sdr.Herod.3.94, 7.78. 192hileebi 193 _ flakusTan Hylaea ...cum gente moiCqaris sienesi (6.74).flakusi gadmogvcems, Tu rogori xSiri da udaburi tyea am adgilas:densior haud usquam nec celsior extulit ullas / silva trabes fessaeque prius rediere sagittae / / quin et ab Hyrcanis Titanius expulit antris(6.76-79).hilea aris tyiani kunZuli borisTenesis regionSi, akesinusismaxloblad (Sdr. Her. 4.9, 18f. 54, 79); hileas Sesaxeb cnobas aseve vxvdebiTpliniusTan: inde silvestris regio Hylaeum mare quo adluitur cognominavit (4.83). iyo Tuara es regioni realobaSi tyiani, ucnobia, SesaZloa, berZnebs aseTi war-192 H. J.W. Wijsman, 2000, 79.193 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 47-48.127

modgena SeeqmnaT sityvis etimologiis gamo, ramdenadac u{lh `tyes~niSnavs. 1944.2. sxvadasxva warmomavlobis Crd. da das. SavizRvispireTis tomebiavxatebi 195 – avxatebi moixseniebian flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ aietiswinaaRmdeg daZrul skviTebis katalogSi, masTan am Ziridan nawarmoebisakuTari saxelic – avxusi – dasturdeba (Auchus, 6.60, 619) kimerielipersonaJisaTvis. flakusi avxatebTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs maT gawafulobaslasos tyorcnaSi: Auchates patulo vaga vincula gyro / spargere et extremaslaqueis adducere turmas (6.132-3) `daxelovnebulni arian avxatebi mfrinavibagiris Sors wriulad tyorcnaSi, romlis yulfi yvelaze ukiduresrazmsac ki swvdeba~.herodotosi am cnobas ukavSirebs sagartiebs, sparsul toms, pavsaniasiki savromatebs kai; seirai`~ peribalovnte~ twǹ polemivwn oJpovsoi~ ejpituvcoein(Paus. 1.21.5). herodotosis Tanaxmad, avxatebi erT-erTi skoloturi tomia:touvtou~ twǹ Skuqevwn oiJ Aujcavtai gevno~ kalevontai (Her. IV 6). Tqmulebis mixedviT,isini targitaosis ufrosi vaJiSvilisgan, lipoqseosisagan iReben dasabams.miuxedavad amisa, marTvis sadaveebi xelT epyraT paralatebs (Paralatai),romlebic umcrosi vaJis STamomavlebi iyvnen. Tu es ukanasknelniukavSirdebian basileebs (Basileioi) da aroterebi (Aroteres) trapiebs (Trapies)da katiarebs (Katiaroi), am SemTxvevaSi borisTenesTan mcxovrebi tomebi,gerebi (Gerroi) da georgebi (Georgoi) SeiZleba davukavSiroT avxatebs (Plin.IV 88). pliniusi akavSirebs avxatebs TqmulebasTan, sadac gadmocemulianapeebis gamanadgurebeli brZola. saxeli, SesaZloa, niSnavdes`gaZlierebuls~; etimologia SeiZleba davukavSiroT zd. vakhšatha `zrdas~.arimaspebi 196 – arimaspebi miTiuri xalxia skviTur CrdiloeTSi.maT Sesaxeb cnobebi gvxvdeba aristeas prokonesosis epikur nawarmoebSiàrimaspea~. arimaspebis saxeli skviTuri warmomavlobisaa da niSnavs`calTvalas~ (Her. IV 27); es tomi sxvadasxva wyaroSi gvxvdeba:Aeschyl.Prom.802ff; Kallim. H.Del.291ff; Paus.I 24, 6; Orph. Arg. 1063 da sxv. pliniusi194 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.195 Tomaschek, Auchatai, RE, II, 2, 2268; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 69.196 Val. Flacc. 6. 131; Wernicke, Arimaspoi, RE, II, 1, 826-7; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347; A. Heeren, De chronographiaa Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 31; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 68.128

maT ganaTavsebs: Maeotae, a quibus lacus nomen accepit, ultimique a tergo eorum Arimaspi(Plin.6.50), 4.88. arianosi ki drangebsa da araxosiebs Soris (Arr. Anab. III, 27,4). arimaspebs asaxelebs flakusi àrgonavtikaSi~ aietis winaaRmdeg da-Zrul skviTebis laSqarSi: mox Riphaei montes. et qui tua iugera nondum / eruis, ignotisinsons Arimaspe metallis, / doctus (6.130-2) `da Sen, arimaspo, udanaSaulo, umecaroliTonisa, romelic jer ar Sexebixar Sens miwebs~. igi cdilobs amiTagvixsnas, rom arimaspebma jer kidev ar ician oqros Zala, Tumcaherodotosi gadmogvcems, rom evropis CrdiloeTSi arsebobda oqro,romelsac icavdnen grifebi, maT ki es oqro mostaces arimaspebma (III 116);Sdr. aseve Lucan 3.280f.: auroque ligatas / substringens, Arimaspe, comas. heerenimiiCnevs, rom flakusi arimaspebs miusadagebs satarxebis wes-Cveulebebs(Mela 2.10 auri ignari); zogadad, amas amboben skviTebis Sesaxeb (Just. 2.2.7):aurum et argentum perinde aspernantur òqrosa da vercxls Tanabrad ugulebelyofen~.ВДИ-is komentatori arimaspebis toms ukavSirebs erT-erTi skviTipersonaJis, ariasmenusis saxeldebas, romelic aseve flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~gvxvdeba.batarnebi 197 – flakusis Tanaxmad, skviTi sardali persesis mokav-Sire tevtagonusi meTaurobs batarnebis toms, romlebic SeiaraRebulniarian daumuSavebeli saqonlis tyavis farebiT.batarnebis tomis uZvelesi saxelwodeba unda iyos Bastarnae (Strabo 7.3. 17). cnobilia aseve var. lect.: Basternas (Tac. ann. II 65, Dion. perieg. 302, Dio, Sidon.Apoll.), Batarnas formas gvTavazobs flakusi (6. 96), savaraudod, igi cvlisuZveles formas metruli Tvalsazrisis gamo, Blastarni (Tab. Peut.), Basternae(Trog. Pomp. prol. 28. 32; Ov. Tr. II 198; Plin. n. h. IV 100). pirveli didi germanulitomi, romelic Tavisi samSoblodan daiZra da Zv. w. II s-sTvis donis SesarTavamde(donis Crd. napirze) gadaadgilda. maT rogorc pontosis axlosmosaxle toms (ejphvlude") moixseniebs Ps.-Skymn. 797. apianosi CamoTvlismaT miTridatesis mokavSire xalxTa Soris (Mithr. 15. 69. 71). Zv. w. I s-sTvismaTi adgilsamyofeli gadaWimuli iyo karpatebis aRm. mxaridan donis SesarTavebamdeda moixseniebian dakebis mezoblebad (Strab. III 128. VII 289.294ff. 305f.; Plin. n. h. IV 100). ptolemaiosi (III 5, 7) maT evropuli sarmatiis197 Ihm, Bastarnae, RE, III. 1, 110-113; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 55-56.129

macxovreblebad miiCnevs. markomanebis omSi bastarnebi romis winaaRmdeggaerTianebul tomTa Soris arian moxseniebulni (Hist. Aug. M. Anton. 22).mogvianebiT maT axsenebs Claudian. de IV cons. Honorii 450; de cons. Stil. I 96 da SidonApoll. carm. V 474. VII 323. klavdianusi maTSi goTebs moiazrebs. polibiosisaRwerilobis mixedviT (Sdr. Liv. da Plut.), isini gamoirCeodnen axovani aRnagobiT,meomruli suliskveTebiT (Athen. V 213). isini didsulovnebasiCendnen mtris mimarT; ar ainteresebdaT miwaTmoqmedeba da mesaqonleoba.mudmivad saomar laSqrobebSi iRebdnen monawileobas, sadac yovelTvisTan axldaT ojaxic (Plut. Liv. XLIV 26; Val. Flacc. 6. 95f.).bisaltebi 198 – maTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb cnobebi Zalian mwirea,Tumca cxadia, rom isini germanuli tomia. polibiosi, plutarqosi maTgalatebad Tvlian, apianosi – getebad, dion kasiosi ki maT skviTebadacmiiCnevs (Dio LI 23). straboni maT germanul tomebad moiazrebs, Tumca darwmunebuliar aris (VII 306), romaelebi ki amas darwmunebiT amboben (Plin.n. h. IV 81; Tac. Germ. 46).flakusi, savaraudod, icnobda im cnobas, romlis Tanaxmadac, isiniskviTebad miiCnevian da am toms skviTur adaT-wesebs ukavSirebs (6. 96)bisaltebs aietis winaaRmdeg kolxidaSi gamarTul omSi tevtagonusi me-Taurobs (Sdr. bastarnebi Strab. VII, 3, 2). isini SeiaraRebulni ariandaumuSavebeli saqonlis tyavis farebiTa (Sdr. makronebis da mosinikebisdawnuli farebis Sesaxeb cnoba Xen. Anab. IV, 6, 26) da TanabarzomierimaxvilebiT. rogorc Cans, flakusisaTvis cnobili iyo, rom bastarnebigermanikuli tomi iyo, Sesabamisad, maTi sardlis, tevtagonusis saxelicteuto- elements Seicavs: A. Heeren marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom teuto- Tavsar-TiT dawyebuli saxelebi germ. an gal. warmomavlobisaa, teuta-Ti ki –berZnulisa. sainteresoa, ra safuZvelze akavSirebs flakusi Trakiulmakedonuriwarmomavlobis toms, bisaltebs skviTebTan? SesaZloa, igieyrdnoba vergiliusis cnobas, sadac bisaltebi gelonebTan (G. 3. 461:Bisaltae... acerque Gelonus) erTad moixseniebian skviTebad, gelonusi ki, rogorccnobilia, skviTesis Zmas erqva.198 Oberhummer, Bisaltai, RE, III. 1, 499-500; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 37.130

kolaletebi 199 // Coeletae // Koiletai // Koilaletai – (Koilh'tai) Trakiulitomia md. hebrusze mTebis hemosisa da rodopas maxloblad (Celaletaemaiores Haemo, minores Rhodopae subditi, inter quos Hebrus amnis, Plin. n. h. IV, 41).tiberiusis dros maT ajanyebaze gvamcnobs tacitusi Coelaletae Odrusaeque etDii, validae nationes arma cepere (Tac. Ann. 3. 38. 4).flakusis Tanaxmad, isini meotisTan saxloben da aietis winaaRmdeggamarTul omSi sabrZolvelad etlebze amxedrebulni moiswrafian. isinicxovroben bewvis karvebSi TavianT col-SvilTan erTad, Svilebi xelnazesxedan da Tavs gamoTlili joxebis sroliT irToben (6. 81-83). am wes-CveulebisSemotaniT flakusi am toms skviTuri tomebis adaTebTanaaxlovebs.koralebi 200 – yaCaRTa Trakiuli tomia, romelsac straboni (oiJ peri;to; Ai/mon... Kovralloi... pavnta me;n tau'ta lh/strikwvtata e[qnh, VII, 5, 13) ganaTavsebshemossa da Savi zRvis sanapiros Soris, ovidiusi ki – qvemo dunaize (Pont.IV. 2. 37. 8. 83). apianosi maT CamoTvlis im tomebs Soris, romlebic miTridatessmiemxrnen da ganaTavsebs maT rodopesa an hemoss da istrossSoris (Mithrid. 69). ovidiusi ki maT lokalizebas istrosTan axdens.flakusis Tanaxmad, aietis winaaRmdeg kolxidisken daZrul skviTeb-Si moixseniebian (6. 89-94). maT aRmarTuli aqvT almebi, romlebzec gamosaxuliabarbarosuli (ucxouri) borblebi, zurgze gamoexataT rkinisRorebi da iupiteris gamosaxulebebi – waWrili svetebi. ar sWirdebaTsabrZolod mowodeba saomari yiJiniT, aramed isini mRerian TavianTi wes-Cveulebis mixedviT gardasul ambavTa Sesaxeb, winaparTa saqmeebs asxamenxotbas meomarTa aRsagznebad. saxelis etimologias ukavSireben spars.kara-s mniSvnelobiT `meomari~. 201mesielebi 202 (Moesus) – maT balonitebsa da sarmatebs Soris moixseniebsflakusi (mx. r.-Si Moesus formiT) aietis winaaRmdeg daZrul skviTebislaSqarSi (6. 162). isini sxva meomarTagan imiT gamoirCevian, rom gansakuTrebiTexerxebaT cxeniT jiriTi. elvis siswrafiT icvlian daRlilcxenebs.199 Oberhummer, Koilaletai, RE, XI. 1, 1049; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 49-50.200 Fluss, Koralloi, RE, XI. 2, 1377; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 53.201 Sdr. W. Tomaschek, Die alten Thraker. Ein ethnologische Untersuchung, Gorgias Press, 2009 2 , I 97.202 Fluss, Moesi, RE, XV. 2, 2347-2350; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349.131

mesielebi misiaSi qvemo dunaize mcxovrebi xalxia (an Trakieli angeti). Tavdapirvelad es saxeli samx. aRm. evropuli naxevarkunZulisCrd.-Si mcxovreb Trakiel xalxs aRniSnavda, mogvianebiT ki romaul provinciamisiaSi sxvadasxva mosaxleobis gamaerTianebeli saxelwodeba iyo.misiis teritoriebis gavrcobasTan erTad tiberiusidan moyolebuli essaxeli Trakiul-iliriuli tomebis aRsaniSnavadac gamoiyeneboda, romlebicmesielebis aRm. da das.-TiT cxovrobdnen.nevrebi 203 – flakusi skviTebis katalogSi iazigebTan erTad moixseniebsnevrebs (raptor amorum / Neurus, 6. 122) (mx. r.-is saxelobiTi br.-isformiT Neurus).herodotosis Tanaxmad, skviTebis Crd-TiT saxlobdnen (Her. IV 17, 100,102, 105, 115, 125). ВДИ-is komentatori am saxels ukavSirebs herodotosTandadasturebul nevrebis dasaxelebas (Her. IV, 17, 4. 100, 102, 105, 125),romlebic Soreul Crd.-Si cxovroben borisTenesis da hipanisis maxloblad.misive cnobiT, nevrebs skviTuri adaT-wesebi hqondaT (IV 105):pliniusi da mela aRweren maT jadosnur Zalas (Plin. n. h. 4. 88; Mela 2. 14) sivelint in lupos iterumque in eos qui fuere mutantur; dasturdeba agreTve Nervi forma(Amm. 31.2.14).4.3. Crd. kavkasieli tomebialanebi 204 – didi nomaduri xalxi kavkasiisa da kaspiis zRvisCrdiloeTiT. maT Sesaxeb cnobas gvawvdis lukianosi koina; ga;r tau`taÆAlanoi`~ kai; Skuvqai~, plh;n o{ti ouj pavnu komw`sin oiJ ÆAlanoi; w{sper oiJ Skuvqai(Lucian.Tox.51); alanebs moixseniebs lukanusic Armeniosque arcus Geticis intenditeneruis, / si uos, o Parthi, peterem cum Caspia claustra / et sequerer duros aeterni Martis Alanos(Bell. civ. 8.223); klavdianusis mixedviT, alanebi cxovroben meotisismaxloblad caesamque bibens Maeotin Alanus (Claud.3.312) Sdr. aseve Amm. Marc.22.8.31; heerenis Tanaxmad, isini Tavdapirvelad cxovrobdnen pontusis aRm.sanapiroze, kolxidasTan axlos, mogvianebiT ki Seicvales sacxovrebeliadgili.203 A. Herrmann, Neuroi, RE, XVII. 1, 158-161; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.204 Heeren, A., De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 26ff; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden2000, 35.132

flakusTan alanebs da velur henioxebs sardlobs anavsisi (6.42).alanebi moixseniebian epiTetiT ardens `ficxi~. alanebi aseve gvxvdebianbrZolis velze, sadac ufrTxian iasons, rodesac am ukanasknelma bolomouRo skviT mebrZols, kolaqsess (6.656).eqsomatebi – flakusTan es tomi TavianT almebs mohyvebian torinebTanda qeraTmian satarxebTan erTad sua signa secuti / Exomatae Torynique etflavi crine Satarchae (6.143-4) `CrdiloeTSi aravis hyavs maTze ufrogamorCeuli cxenebi~. eqsomatebs nadiroba asazrdoebs: `gadaiqroleben hipanisismyife yinuliT dafarul wyalze, iltvian vefxvis an mrisxane Zulomis naSierebiT da naRvliani deda SeSdeba saeWvo napiris beqobze~(6.146-149).ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad, es eTnonimi SesaZloa davukavSiroTptolemaiosis iaqsamatebs (Geogr.V.8.16), iaZamatebs (Pseud.-Scymn, 879) aniqsamatebs Ixamatae (Mela 1, 114), 205 iqsomatebs Ixomatae et Maeotiae et Iazyges(Amm.22.8.31).torinebi 206 (Toryni_ savaraudod, kavkasiasTan dakavSirebulierT-erTi tomia. flakusTan moixseniebian eqsomatebisa da qeraTmianisatarxebis gverdiT sua signa secuti / Exomatae Torynique et flavi crine Satarchae (6.143-4). torinebi Tafls sdeben pativs (6.145). ВДИ-is komentatoris azriT, eseTnonimi SeiZleba davukavSiroT q. torinebis dasaxelebas TesprotiaSi.Tumca, ufro sarwmunoa, rom aq igulisxmebian toretebi (Ps. Scymn.74). sworedamitom gvTavazobs heereni Toretae formas da miuTiTebs strabonze11.2.11 (Toreavtai = Torevtai, Plin. n. h. 6.17 Toretae, Steph. Byz. Torevtai). mogvianebiTsaxeli Toringus fiqsirdeba sidoniusTan Chunus, Neurus, Bastarna, Toringustomebis aRmniSvnel saxelTa gverdiT (Sidon. Apoll. carm. VII 323). heerensmohyavs ekvivalenturi formebi sxva tomebTan dakavSirebiTac: Sarmat-/Sauromat-, Exomat-/Ixabat-/Iaxamat-/Ixibat-. 207sindebi – xalxi aziur sarmatiaSi, azovis zRvis samxr.-aRm. sanapirosda Savi zRvis Crd.-aRm. sanapiros Soris, kimeriuli bosforosis aRm.mxares, Tanam. taimanis naxevarkunZulze. yvelaze adre isini ixseniebian205 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.206 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 72.207 A. Heeren, 1899, 55.133

skilaqsis periplusSi. avtori tomebis CamoTvlas iwyebs Crd.-dan _ tanaisidan(donidan) samxreTis mimarTulebiT. Tavdapirvelad igi asaxelebstanaisTan savromatebs, Semdeg meotebs (meotisis tbasTan), mere kimoixseniebs sindebs (Scyl. 72). herodotosis gadmocemiT, sindebi skviTebismezoblad cxovroben da zamTarSi, rodesac kimeriuli bosforosiiyineba, skviTebi yinulze gadadian etlebiT gaRma da laSqroben iq myofisindebis winaaRmdeg (Herod. IV, 28). amave teritoriaze asaxelebs sindebshelanikosic _ sindebi, meotebi (zemoT), skviTebi (Helan. fr. 93). gansxvavebuliasindebis lokalizacia apolonios rodoselis poemaSi. igimaT istrosze aTavsebs. rodesac argonavtebis da afsirtosis gemebimicuravdnen istrosze, maT gemebs gaocebiT uyurebdnen skviTebi, siginebi,sindebi lavrionis velze rom cxovrobdnen (Ap. Rhod. IV 309-322). mecnierebaSimiCneulia, rom aq dasaxelebuli sindebi herodotosis (iseve,rogorc sxva avtorebis sindebi) unda iyvnen da SecdomiT rodoselsisini istrosis napirebze, TrakiaSi gadahyavs.sindebs axsenebs flakusic: degeneresque ruunt Sindi glomerantque paterno /crimine nunc etiam metuentes verbera turmas (6.86-87) `gadagvarebuli sindebic moiswrafvianda Sekreben razmebs, maT axlac ki winaparTa danaSaulis gamodartymebis eSiniaT~. ВДИ-is komentatoris Tanaxmad, flakusi sindebsdegeneres uwodebs, radganac maT aigivebs brmebis (tufloiv) im STamomavleb-Tan, romlebic herodotosis mixedviT warmoiSvnen skviTi qalebisa da monebisgan(isini ibrZodnen midiidan dabrunebuli molaSqre skviTebis winaaRmdeg,romlebmac daimorCiles maTraxebiT). 208 Sdr. aseve Plin. n. h. 4.80,sadac igi degeneres gamoiyenebs skviTebTan mimarTebaSi Scythae degeneres et aservis orti. 209henioxebi 210 – (ïHnivocoi Ps.-Skyl. 71). Zv. w. V s-Si didi tomi pontosistyian sanapiroze, rogorc Zigebi da aqavelebi CrdiloeTSi da sanigebisamxreTSi. henioxebis mxareSi daarsda pitiusi. henioxebi misdevdnen mecxoveleobas,eweodnen mekobreobas mCate navebiT (Strab.11.2.14); isini Zv. w.IV s-Si bosforosis mefem evmelosma daimorCila da aRkveTa mekobreoba208 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.209 H. J.W. Wijsman, 2000, 51.210 A. Plontke-Lüning, Heniochoi, DNP 5, 346-7; E. Kiessling, s. v. ïHnivocoi, RE 8. 1, 259-280.134

(Diod.20.25.2). Zv. w. I da ax. w. I ss-Si xdeba migraciebi Crd.-aRm. mcire aziaSi,sadac henioxebi pontouri alpebidan TviT md. kirusis saTaveebamdesaxldebian oritur in Heniochis montibus quos alii Coraxicos vocavere (6.26); pliniusimaT ganaTavsebis kolxebis mezoblad ab his ad Pontum usque Heniochorum plurimagenera (Plin. n. h. 6.30).flakusi henioxebs moixseniebs epiTetiT trux `veluri~. maT da ficxalanebs sardlobs anavsisi aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi (6.42ff.). henioxebismoxsenieba am epiTetiT SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. es zedsarTavipoemaSi sxva adgilas kolxur garemosTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba (1.743,4.618); 211 (Sdr. aseve 2.73 da 8.456, sadac trux lomis da daTvis epiTetia). amepiTetiT ZiriTadad moixseniebian mekobreebi Sdr. Heniochae nautis plusnocuere rates (Ov.Pont.4.10.26), ïHniovcwn... lh/strikw`~ (Strabo 17.3.24). vfiqrobT, arcis unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom flakusi antikurobaSi gavrcelebul saxelshenioxes 212 arqmevs medeas kolx ZiZas (5.357). amiT igi yuradRebasamaxvilebs am tomebs Soris [kolxebsa da henioxebs] mWidro urTierTkav-Sirze.4.4. kaspiispireTis tomebikaspiadebi 213 – tomi, romelic saxlobs kaspiis zRvis samxr.-das. sanapiroze(Strab.XI, 4,5). 214 gvxvdebian saxelwodebiT Caspiani (Mela 1.12) anCaspi (Plin.Nat.6.39). heereni 215 imowmebs serviuss Amazonidum autem derivatio estpro principalitate, sicut Scipiadas duros bello pro Scipionibus (Serv. ad Verg.Aen.1.490).flakusi saintereso cnobas gvawvdis kaspiadebis Sesaxeb: maTbrZolaSi Tan axlavT mebrZoli ZaRlebi: `Semdeg mosdeven drangeis sabrZolowyebani da TavianTi savaneebidan gamosuli kaspiadebi, romelTaZaRlebis xrova rqis sayviris mkafio xmaze swrafad xtis da patronTabrZolaSi monawileobs. amitom sikvdilis Semdeg maT sakadrisi pativicergebaT da ikrZalebian yorRanebSi winaprebis da vaJkacTa samarxebs Soris.ZaRlebis xrova ukve mkerd SejavSnulebi da sazarlad ajagrulebi211 H. J.W. Wijsman, 2000, 35-36.212 Weicker, Henioche, RE 8. 1, 258.213 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 59.214 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347.215 A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss., Göttingen 1899, 33.135

Sav mwyobrad mohqrian sazareli yefiT, rogoric gaismis disis SiSismomgvrelSesasvlelTan an hekates amala gamoscems maRla haerSi~ (6.107-113). heerens am adgilTan dakavSirebiT mohyavs citata strabonidan (11.4.5),sadac msgavsi cnoba gadmocemulia albanebis ZaRlebis Sesaxeb, hirkanielebisgamorCeul ZaRlebze, isini aseve kaspielebTan dakavSirebiTacmoixseniebian, ramdenadac hirkania iwodeba kaspiad (Steph. Byz. levgetai kai;ïUrkaniva hJ Kaspiva). flakusi brZolis unaris garda, rogorc amas gadmogvcemselianusi (ïUrkanoi`~ kai; Mavgnhsin oiJ kuvne~ sunestratwuvonto, Ael. Hist.Anim. 7.38), poemaSi rTavs cnobasac imis Sesaxeb, rom maT patronebTanerTad marxaven; Sdr. ciceroni regia cum lucem posuerunt membra, probatum est /Hyrcanis adhobere canes (Cic. Tusc. 1.108 da Sic. 13.473 f.). heerenis Tanaxmad, flakusiinspirirebuli unda iyos vergiliusisgan, ramdenadac masTan cxenebiarian pativSi samoTxeSi (Verg. Aen. 6.657ff.), magram ufro sarwmunoa, rogorcvismani Tvlis, rom aq misi inspiraciis wyaroa pliniusi accenso regis Lysimachi rogo iniecit se flammae, similiterque Hieronis regis.hirkanielebi 216 – xalxi samxr. kaspiispireTSi, sadac Caedineba mdinarekirusi. naxsenebia senekasTan (quaenam ista regio est?...) an feris Hister /praebens Alanis, an subaeterna nive / hyrcana tellus an vagi passim Scythae (Sen.Thy.629-632,Sdr. aseve Verg.Aen.4.367, 7.605) da katulusTanac, sxvadasxva orientalurda miTiur qveynebs Soris: arabeTi, parTia, egvipte (Catul.11.5). senekas `medeaSi~(712) kavkasiasTan, arabeTTan da mediasTan kavSirSi. mogvianebiTgvxvdeba lukanusTan vastisque Hyrcania silvis (Luc.3.268; 114); lukreciusTan dasturdeba`hirkaniuli jiSis~ meomari ZaRli (Lucr.3.750).flakusTan aietis winaaRmdeg daZrul laSqarSi 2 hirkanieli sardaliamoxseniebuli: kirisi (6.80) da vanusi (6.115); brZolis amsaxvel scenebSimoixseniebian hirkanieli Zmebi: medoresi (6.211) da gelasi (6.208),romelTa mamac saxelganTqmulia jiSiani cxenebiT.4.5. aRmosavluri warmomavlobis tomebi216 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 49.136

gangaridebi 217 (Gangaridai // Gandaridai) – induri tomi, romlebic md.gangesis napirebze cxovrobdnen (Gangaridum Calingarum, Plin. Nat. 6. 65), Sdr.vergiliusi solidoque elephanto / Gangaridum (Verg. G. 3. 26f.). maT aleqsandredidis laSqrobis Semdgom damoukidebeli saxelmwifo Camoayalibes (Curt.IX. 2. 1. Diod. II. 37). herodotosis mixedviT, „satagidebi, gandariebi,dadikebi da aparitebi meSvide satrapiaSi arian gaerTianebulni (Her. III91). megasTenesis Tanaxmad (Plin. n. h. VI 66), gangaridebis mefe flobs 60000jars, 1000 mxedars, 700 saomar spilos, rac sakmaod did samxedro Zalaswarmoadgens. avgustusis dros maTi saxeli cnobilia romauli sazogadoebisaTvis.igi gvxvdeba vergiliusTan (Verg. Georg. III 26f.) da, SesaZloa,swored misi gavleniT rTavs flakusi am toms Tavis „argonavtikaSi“ (6.67).aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi maT sardlobs datisi. Sraderi 218am saxelis niSandobliv koniunqturas gvTavazobs Dandaridum formiT, racaliteracias qmnis datis da darapsis saxelebis gverdiT, Tumcaflakusis gamomcemlebi forma `gangaridebs~ aniWeben upiratesobas.dandariebi // dandaridebi moixseniebian rogorc tacitusTan (regem Dandaridarumexturpat, Ann. 12. 15. 1), aseve strabonTanac (11.2.11), plutarqosTan (Luc.16), maTi mixedviT, isini cxovrobdnen md. hipanisTan axlos, yirimisbosforosis maxloblad.drangebi 219 (Drangae) – aRm.-iranuli tomi drangianes regionSi, etimandrosisqvemo dinebasTan, areiasa da hedrosias, karmaniasa da araxosiasSoris (Strab. XV, 2, 8; Plin. n. h. 6. 61, 94). maT qveyanas drangiane ewodeba(Diod. XVII 78. 81. 165. XVIII 3. 39) da drangene. ufro Zv. forma anlautSi z-TanxmovniT aris warmodgenili, rac herodotosTan Saravggai formiTgvxvdeba. berZ. istorikosis Tanaxmad (III 93) isini centraluri udabnos(sagartebi, Tamanebi) da karmaniis tomebTan (uitiebi, mikeebi da kunZulismcxovreblebi) erTad meToTxmete satrapiaSi Sedian da 600 babilon.talants ixdian yovelwliurad. misive mixedviT (III 117), isini parTebis dahirkanielebis samx. mxareze cxovroben.217Kiessling, Gandaridai, RE, VII. 1, 694-695; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 44-45.218 J. Schrader, Observationum liber, Franeker, 1761, 10.219Tomaschek, Drangai, RE, V. 2, 1665-1667; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347.137

drangeebs kaspiadebTan erTad moixseniebs flakusi aietis winaaRmdegsaomrad daZrul skviTebis laSqarSi (6. 106), isini uSualodibrZvian kolxidaSi (6. 507).keseebi 220 (Cessaeae) –strabonis mixedviT (11. 13. 6, 16. 1. 17, Plin. n. h. 6.134, Diod. 17. 111), koseebi midiuri tomia. herodotosis Tanaxmad, merve satrapiaSiSediodnen: suselebi da kisielebi (Her. III 91). SesaZloa Cissaeaeformac, aq eyrdnobian melas da pliniusis cnobas, romelTa Tanaxmad, amtoms ukavSireben kisebis Cissi (n. h. 6. 21) mTebs (Tomaschek, Cissii montes, RE,III. 2, 2590: kavkasosis Crd. ganStoeba), romelsac aigiveben kavkasosismTebis Crd. ganStoebasTan an tomis saxelwodebasTan Cissianti (Mela 1. 13;Plin. n. h. 6. 35), romlebic kavkasosis mTebis Crd.-Si cxovrobdnen skviTebismezoblad. 221mikeebi 222 (Mycaei) – savaraudod baqtriuli tomia. herodotosis Tanaxmad,mecamete satrapiaSi Sediodnen: sarangiebi, Tamanelebi, utiebi, mikeebi... kaspiebi (Her. III 93). mikeebs keseebTan erTad moixseniebs flakusi(6. 129). isini Tmis surnelebas afrqveven (Sdr. aroni, romlis meomrebicaseve am niSniT gamoirCevian: 5. 590, 6. 524). am tomis saxels akavSirebenbaqtriul tomTan mikebTan. 223 ВДИ-is komentatori ki miiCnevs, romSesaZloa am saxelis dakavSireba geogr. punqt meqlesosTan, romelic,ptolemaiosis (Geogr. V 9, 5) Tanaxmad, kolxidis Crd-Si mdebareobda(Geogr. V, 9, 6).oTxive SemTxvevaSi es tomebi pirvelad herodotosTan dasturdebada aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi saxeldeba am ukanasknelTan sxvanairad JRers.isini romelime satrapiaSi Sedian da xSir SemTxvevaSi imiT xasiaTdebian,rom xarks ar uxdian sparseTs. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda moviyvanoTTviT herodotosis cnoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, rac ufro Rrmad SevdivarTsamxreTidan kavkasiis qedis mimarTulebiT, miT ufro naklebademorCileba mosaxleoba vinmes, Tavad sparseTis imperiasac ki. kolxebimaTi mezoblebiviT kavkasiis mTebamde, romlebamdec vrceldeba sparsel-220Weissbach, Kossaioi, RE, XI. 2, 1499-1503; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 68.221 Sdr. Tomaschek, Cissianti, RE, III. 2, 2590: xalxi meotisTan amaZonebis maxloblad.222SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.223 A. Herrmann, Mykoi, RE, XVI. 1, 1029.138

Ta mmarTveloba, ar ixdian xarks da nebayoflobiTi saCuqrebiT ifarglebian.kavkasiis CrdiloeTiT mcxovreb xalxebs ki araferi undaT icodnensparselebisa (Herod. III, 97). rogorc Cans, flakusi Segnebulad arCevs amtomebs, garkveulwilad ucvlis maT saxels, raTa, albaT, garkveuliSeusabamoba ar Seqmniliyo herodotosis ìstoriaSi~ dadasturebulfaqtebsa da mis mier gadmocemul informacias Soris.4.6. flakusis mier gamogonili tomebibalonitebi 224 (Balloniti) – maT flakusi skviTebis katalogSi asaxelebsmesielebisa da sarmatebis gverdiT, isini orive mxridan aTanabrebenmokavSireTa razmebs (ibant et geminis aequantes cornibus alas / Balloniti, 6. 161).balonitebi, rogorc Cans, sarmati xalxia; mogvianebiT saxeliBellonotus fiqsirdeba sidoniusTan Chunus, Neurus, Bastarna, Toringus tomebisaRmniSvnel saxelTa gverdiT (Sidon. Apoll. carm. VII 323). etimologiasukavSireben osur formativs balân, balwán `mtredi; Ria feris~, romelsacerTvis mravlobiTobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi thä.kentorebi 225 (Centores) – flakusis Tanaxmad `saeWvo~ (dubius) kentorebida `SiSismomgvreli~ (dirus) xoaTrebi moiswrafian kolxidaSi (6. 151-154). maT surT oqros sawmisis xelSi Cagdeba. TavianTi jadoqrobiT SiSshgvrian yovelives, Tayvans scemen RmerTebs da ZaluZT gazafxulzeayvavebis procesi SeaCeron, zamTarSi ki meotiss adnoben moqanave etlebisaTvis,maTTan erTad moiswrafvis kolxidisken medeas jadoqrobissaxeliT dainteresebuli skviTi jadoqari koastesi. ВДИ-is komentatorikentorebs ukavSirebs md. kentritess 226 (Xen. Anab. IV, 3, 1), romelic evfratSiCaedineba; aseve arsebobs mosazreba saxelis kentavrebTan dakavSirebisSesaxeb, romlis Semadgeneli vokali -a- Secvlilia mokle -oxmovniT.xoaTrebis 227 (Choatrae) – saxeli ukavSirdeba tavrosis mTianeTiserT-erT saxelwodebas xoaTrass (Choatrae: Plin. V 98; Sol. 38, 12): pliniusi224 Tomaschek, Ballonoti, RE, II. 2, 2832; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349.225 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 75.226 Weissbach, Kentrites, RE, XI. 1, 181.227 Tomaschek, Choatrae, RE, III. 2, 2355; Weissbach, Choatras, RE, III. 2, 2355; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349; H. J.W.Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 75.139

CamoTvlis maT Savi zRvis Crd.-das. tomebs Soris (n. h. VI 19). saxelsawarmoeben aseve avest. formatividan khwāthra, rac `brwyinvalebas~ niSnavsda rac, SesaZloa, TovliT dafarul mTebis brwyinvalebaze miuTiTebdes.Sdr. aseve paraxoaTrasi, mTaTa sistema armeniis samxr.-das.-TiT (Strabo, XI,8, 1: amJ. ialbuzi).Cven zemoT warmovadgineT informacia kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli30-mde sxvadasxva warmomavlobis tomis Sesaxeb, romelic aietisa da persesiskonfliqtSia CarTuli. Cndeba kiTxva, ra ganapirobebs maT mimarTflakusis interess da ratom akavSirebs maT argonavtebis TqmulebasTan,ufro metic, raSi sWirdeba flakuss damatebiT kidev miTologiur tradiciaSida istoriul wyaroebSi ararsebuli tomebis gamogoneba. pasuxierTi SeiZleba iyos. igi uaRresad aris inspirirebuli argonavtebisTqmulebiT da kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli informaciiT. xoaTrebisa dakentorebis da maTi sardlis koastesis siuJetSi CarTviT flakusiexmianeba Tqmulebis or ZiriTad simbolos: oqros sawmiss da medeas. arckoastesis saxeldebis semantikaa SemTxveviTi (berZn. kw'a" `sawmisi~).Tanadrouli miniSnebebi, romelsac valeriusi ukavSirebs mtrulad ganwyobilitomebis aRweras, Tamami da ganzogadebuli xasiaTisaa, raTaargonavtebis brZola kolxidaSi flaviusTa dinastiis qmedebebTandaakavSiros. aseTi miniSnebebisaTvis poemaSi e. w. skviTebis katalogSidasaxelebulia skviTi tomebi, ramdenadac romi am regionSi ax. w. I s-Sida gansakuTrebiT neronis periodSi oms awarmoebda, ise rom, katalogSiramdenime istoriuli tomis moxseniebas mkiTxvelSi unda gamoewviavaleriusis Tanamedrove istoriis asociacia 228 . gansakuTrebiT aris gamoyofilisarmatebi da mocemulia maTi zusti aRweriloba (6. 162. 231-238),rac tacitusis cnobebs (hist. 1. 79) exmaureba. es tomi flaviusTa epoqaSiganmeorebiT SeiWra imperiaSi; aseve istoriul mimarTebas gviCvenebeniazigebi, iseve rogorc bisaltebis legioni, romlebic flakusis poemaSilegio XII fulminata-s emblemas atareben, es legioni ki iudevelTa omSi228 Sdr. W. C. Summers, 1894, 55; R. Harmand, 1898, 15; R. Harmand, 1899, 38f.; R. Preiswerk, 1934, 433-435;E. Shreeves, 1979, 167-170.140

vespasianusis, xolo Semdgom titusis daqvemdebarebis qveS imyofebodnen(Sdr. Tac. hist. 5, 1; Joseph. bell. 5, 1, 6. 11, 4;) 229 .229 istoriuli mimarTebebisaTvis ix. Schenk, 1999; E. Shreeves, op. cit. 118-134.141

III. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis klasifikaciakavkasiisa da kavkasiuri tomebis Sesaxeb antikur wyaroebSi dadasturebulivrceli informacia, pirobiTad, SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: 1.miTologiuri da 2. istoriuli. pirvel jgufSi unda moeqces is saxeebida movlenebi, romlebic berZnuli miTologiuri qronologiis Tanaxmad,Zv. w. II aTaswleulze anu e. w. gmirTa epoqaze ufro gvian ar moiazrebian,meore jgufi ki moicavs informacias, romlis istoriuli realobac eWvsar iwvevs. miuxedavad imisa, rom e. w. istoriuli informacia bevrad aRematebaTavisi moculobiT (igulisxmeba personaJTa da movlenaTa simravle)miTologiurs, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi Tavisi popularobiT antikursamyaroSi ver uwevda konkurencias kavkasiasTan dakavSirebul cnobilmiTologiur saxeebsa da movlenebs, rac ganpirobebulia, erTi mxriv,promeTes da, meore mxriv, argonavtebis Tqmulebis popularobiT, romlebicgansakuTrebiT gamoirCevian rogorc damuSavebis intensivobiT, asevepersonaJTa da movlenaTa raodenobiT.rogorc ukve mravalgzis aRvniSneT, valerius flakusi gamoirCevaargonavtebis Tqmulebis saintereso interpretaciiT, Cveni yuradRebagansakuTrebiT miiqca im faqtma, rom masTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebulimravali personaJi figurirebs. isini, SesaZloa, Semdeg kategoriebad davyoT:1. miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebi, sadac Tavis mxrivSeiZleba gamovyoT sami qvejgufi: a) aqtiurad moqmedi figurebi (medea daaieti); b) epizodurad moqmedi personaJebi (absirtusi) da g) figurebi,romlebsac, faqtobrivad, funqcia aqvT dakarguli (kirke, qalkiope,friqsusis vaJebi: argusi, frontisi, melasi, kitisorusi); 2. miTologiurtradiciaSi naklebad cnobili personaJebi (persesi, medeas deda, fasisi,kavkasusi); 3. saerTod ucnobi personaJebi (nimfa aia, medeas ZiZa henioxe,kimerieli misani kelenevsi, aietisa da persesis mokavSireebi, skviTebisada kolxebis omSi monawile meomrebi).1. miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebidaviwyoT miTologiur tradiciaSi cnobili personaJebiT, TavdapirveladSevexoT aqtiurad moqmed figurebs' medeasa da aiets. valeriusflakusma isini, SeiZleba iTqvas, axleburad warmogvidgina. rodesac142

vambobT àxleburad~, ZiriTadad vgulisxmobT imis aRniSvnas, rac maTapolonios rodoselis mier Seqmnili saxeebisagan ganasxvavebs,ramdenadac yvela flakusamdeli wyaros mocva am SemTxvevaSi ZalianSors wagviyvanda. 2301.1. aqtiurad moqmedi figurebi medea darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom flakusis medea, romelsac, raTqma unda, bevri saerTo aqvs flakusis winamorbedebTan warmodgenilmedeas figurebTan, aSkarad imdenad gamoirCeva Tavisi originalobiTa daTviTmyofadobiT, rom Tavisuflad SegviZlia vilaparakoT `flakusismedeaze~. 231 qvemoT SevexebiT ramdenime aspeqts, rac Cveni azriT, yvelazearsebiTia flakusis xedvis gaazrebisaTvis: aris medea jadoqari TuSeyvarebuli qali, iunosa da venusis intrigis msxverpli Tu nebayoflobiTdamnaSave, aris igi borotmoqmedi da ulmobeli barbarosi,romelic yvelaferze wava miznis misaRwevad Tu ubralod qali, romeliceswrafvis bednierebas.apolonios rodoseli medeas uSualod argonavtebis kolxidaSiCasvlis momentisaTvis gvacnobs, flakusi ki safuZvlianad amzadebsmkiTxvels medeasTan Sesaxvedrad poemis dasawyisidanve. saxelis aRni-Svnis gareSe pirvelsave wignSi moixseniebs mas rogorc regis...filia (1.61),aqve axdens misi demonuri Zalebis ilustracias... silet possessa draconevellera, multifidas regis quem filia linguasvibrantem ex adytis cantu dapibusque vocabatet dabat externo liventia mella veneno (1.60-63) 232230 wyaroebis mimoxilvisaTvis Sdr.: P. Dräger, Argo pasimelousa. Der Argonautenmythos in dergriechischen und römischen Literatur, Palingenesia 43, Stuttgart 1993; a. uruSaZe, Zveli kolxeTiargonavtebis TqmulebaSi, Tbilisi 1964; r. gordeziani, argonavtebi. berZnuli miTebissamyaro, Tbilisi 1999, 2007 2 .231 amas mowmobs is mravalricxovani gamokvlevac, romelic flakusiseuli medeas SesaxebSeiqmna: S. Wetzel, Die Gestalt der Medea bei Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1957; K. W. D. Hull, Medea inValerius Flaccus's Argonautica, in: Proceedings of the Leeds Philos. and Lit. Society, Lit. and Rhet. Section 16, 1,1975, 1-25; T. Stover, Unexampled Exemplarity: Medea in the Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus, in: Transactions ofthe American Philological Association 141, 2011, 171-200.232 `da rom sawmiss iseTi Zlieri drakoni darajobs, romelsac mravladdayofili enebiTmosisines, jadosnuri galobiTa da nugbariT ixmobda siRrmidan mefis asuli daawvdida Tafls, Sezavebuls ucxouri SxamiT, ris gamoc mas molurjo feri dahkravda~.143

STabeWdilebas kidev ufro aZlierebs misan mopsusis winaswarmetyveleba,romelsac is argonavtebs gaandobs, aq miniSnebaa im ambebze,rasac medea korinTosSi moimoqmedebs, bunebrivia, evripides da senekasmcodne mkiTxveli swvdeba maT arss....quaenam aligeris secat anguibus aurascaede madens? quos ense ferit? miser, eripe parvos,Aesonide! cerno et thalamos ardere iugales! (1. 224-226) 233mkiTxveli imasac xvdeba, Tu ra safrTxe moelis peliass medeasgan,im epizodSi, sadac esoni natrobs, peliasi aResrulos jer kidevgaugonari saSineli sikvdiliT (1. 812-814).amdenad, pirveli STabeWdileba medeas Sesaxeb aseTia: igi aris demonuriZalebis mflobeli jadoqari, romelic SiSis zars scems yvelas.meoTxe wignSi iupiteri ukve gacxadebulad moixseniebs mas rogorc`damnaSave qalwuls~ impia ... / virgo:i, Furias Veneremque move, dabit impia poenasvirgo nec Aeetae gemitus patiemur inultos (4. 13-14) 234mexuTe wignSi ki, sadac flakusi SesTxovs muzas, STaagonos kolxidaSidatrialebuli ambebi, medeas uwodebs `saSinel da SiSismomgvrelqalwuls~ (foedera et horrenda), romlis winaSec SiSiT krTis argo foedera ethorrenda trepidam sub virgine puppem (5. 220).rodis gvimxels flakusi SiSismomgvreli asulis saxels? mxolodda mxolod mas Semdeg, rac argonavtebi kolxidaSi Cadian. pirveladfriqsusi moixseniebs medeas Tavisi saxeliT. flakusis saintereso gamonagoniafriqsusis winaswarmetyveleba, romlis Tanaxmadac, qalwuli arunda darCes mamiseul sasaxleSi, aramed unda gaTxovdes imaze, visacmoisurvebs (5.239-240). pirvelad aqvea pirdapir gacxadebuli medeasfunqcia: igi hekates msaxuri qurumia da misi mfarvelobis qveS imyofeba.rodesac medea apirebs jadosnuri saSualeba gadasces iasons da tovebs233 `frTosani drakoniT vin arRvevs sivrceebs mkvlelobiT gaJRenTili? vis gangmiravsis xmliT? moaride mas bavSvebi, sabralo esonido, vxedav, rogor iwvis sapatarZlosTalamosi~.234 `wadi, furiebi aRZari da venusi. damnaSave qalwuli daisajos, samagiero miezRosaietis varamis gamo~.144

hekates Walas, samsaxovani RvTaeba mistiris mas da iasons emuqreba, rommwared azRvevinebs msaxuri qalis motacebas (6.499-502).medea am winaswar gancxadebuli Tvisebebis ramdenadme kontrastuliniSnebiT warmogvidgeba argonavtebis kolxidaSi Casvlis momentisa-Tvis; es Zlieri, uSiSari jadoqari erTianad damfrTxalia da SeSinebuliRamiseuli sizmris gamo (5.335-347). diliT medea midis mdinaresTanavismomaswavebeli xilvisagan gansawmendad (horrendas lustrantia flumina noctes,332). sizmris Sinaarsi aseTia: 235 SeSinebuli medea modis hekates wmindaWalidan, miiwevs mzrunveli mamis samyofelisken (pii...patris ora, 5.336), Tumcamisgan uSvelebeli zRvis sivrce aSorebs, absirtusi cdilobs, daedevnosmedeas, qalwuli xedavs mosalodneli sikvdilis winaSe SeSinebul bi-Webs, TviTonac damfrTxali, sisxlSia xelebgasvrili da cremlebi sdis.am sizmris meSveobiT flakusi Segvaxsenebs, Tu rogor ùrCxulTan~(monstrum) gvaqvs saqme da paralelurad warmogvidgens damfrTxal qalwuls,romelic ucxoelebis danaxvaze krTis da mxolod mas SemdegmSviddeba, rodesac ZiZa henioxe awynarebs, momxvdurebi berZnebi ariano.swored am momentSi gamokveTs flakusi medeas realur statuss. aq, igiorjer (5. 373, 385) moixseniebs mas rogorc regina-s. 236rogoria medea iasonTan pirveli Sexvedrisas? es scena udavodhomerosis cnobil pasaJs mogvagonebs òdiseadan~. aq medea gulubryvilonavsikaas ufro hgavs, vidre stigeuri xelovnebis codniT ganTqmul jadoqars,igi isea dabneuli, rom verc ki bedavs, Tvali gausworos ucxoels.flakusis Zveli komentatorebi aq, iseve rogorc sxva mravalSemTxvevaSi, Seusabamobas xedavdnen da miiCnevdnen, rom flakusi sakmaodaraTanamimdevrulia. maT Soris erT-erTi komentatori f. memeliaRniSnavda Es fällt schwer, eine gerechte Ordnung hinter dem in den Argonauticadargestellten Geschehen zu entdecken. 237 memelis naSromi 1934 wels aris gamocemuli,mas Semdeg mravali samecniero statia gamovida, romelTa avtorebidiametralurad gansxvavebuli azris arian. isini amtkiceben, romflakusi medeas xasiaTis Strixebs mkacrad gansazRvruli gegmis mi-235 es sizmari o{rama-s tips miekuTvneba, detaluri interpretaciisaTvis ix.: U. Gärtner,Träume bei Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 140, 1996, 300-302.236 iasoni regina-s uwodebs iunos da ramdenimejer ase moixsenieba hifsipilec.237 F. Mehmel, Valerius Flaccus, Hamburg 1934, 95.145

xedviT warmogvidgens. Cvenc vfiqrobT, rom aseTi ambivalenturi Strixebimedeas xasiaTSi metad saintereso saxes qmnis, yovelive es imas emsaxureba,rom ufro mZafrad aRviqvaT Seyvarebuli medeas grZnobebi.am patara intermecos Semdeg flakusi kvlav im xazs agrZelebs, rommedea, upirveles yovlisa, jadoqari da yvelaferze wamsvleli qalia,solis taZarze gamosaxuli erT-erTi suraTi swored amas cxadyofs; aqaRbeWdilia is ambebi, rac korinTosSi datrialdeba (5. 442-451); Sevni-SnavT, rom am suraTebis arsi Seucnobelia kolxebisaTvis da Tvalsarideben mas, verc iasoni Cawvdeba maT arss darbazis daTvalierebisas.romaeli epikosi medeas saxis intensifikacias skviTebis katalogSicaxdens. nusxaSi dasaxelebuli pirvelive sardali, anavsisi medeaTiadainteresebuli, mtrulad aris ganwyobili aietis mimarT, radgan mefealbanel stiruss Sehpirda medeas colad. medea aseve figurirebs katalogisnusxaSi bolo sardlis, koastesis eqsponirebisas. koastess, romelicTviTonac jadoqaria, gansakuTrebiT ainteresebs kolxi qalwulistigeuri xelovnebis codnis gamo.medeas saxis Strixebis gamosakveTad da kidev ufro metiintrigisaTvis valerius flakuss iseTi novaciebi Semoaqvs poemaSi, racucxo iyo elinisti mwerlisaTvis. poemis is nawili, romelzec Cven qvemoTSevaCerebT yuradRebas, kargad dawerili dramatuli scenariviTikiTxeba. kerZod, rodesac situacia CixSi Sedis, kolxebi omSi did danaklissganicdian da iasons safrTxe emuqreba, iuno gamosavals eZebs; igixvdeba, rom medea aris erTaderTi, visac iasonis xsna SeuZlia. mxolodaietis asuli flobs magiur Zalebs da, rac mTavaria, amas emateba misimzadyofna, ar SeuSindes borotmoqmedebas nullum mente nefas, nullos horrescerevisus (6. 453).am mizniT poemaSi iasonis Semwe qalRmerTebi transformirebulisaxiT warmogvidgebian. aucilebeli gaxda ori Careva, medea saWiro kondiciamderom misuliyo. pirveli, roca iuno-qalkiope venusis qamarsSemoartyams medeas (6. 668), rac sakmarisi ar aRmoCndeba, amitom saqmeSiTviT venusi-kirke erTveba. Sesabamisad, Tu apolonios rodoselTanqalkiope da kirke aqtiurad moqmedeben, aq isini funqcias moklebulniarian. ZiriTadi aqcenti qalRmerTebzea gadatanili.146

CvenTvis saintereso scenebis garda, aRsaniSnavia, rom venusimanamdec gvxvdeba transformirebuli saxiT, kerZod, igi miiRebs erTerTilemnoseli qalis, driopes saxes da ise aRagznebs lemnosel qalebs,daxocon TavianTi qmrebi. venusi orive SemTxvevaSi furiis funqciebsiTavsebs, misi atributikac amaze miuTiTebs. doroTe elmi, ganixilavsra venusisa da furiebis warmosaxvis tradicias, aRniSnavs: In denArgonautica wiederum sei das Wirken der Venus, der Juno und der Furien fastununterscheidbar. 238axla ganvixiloT jer iunos da Semdeg venusis gardasaxvebi. aqmedeas sxva kuTxiT davinaxavT: aris is qalRmerTebis intrigismsxverpli, Tu nebayoflobiT exmareba iasons, iZulebiT moqmedebs Tudamoukideblad. ramdenadac es pasaJebi detalurad aris gamokvleuliulrix eiglerisa da atila ferencis SromebSi, aq mxolod ZiriTadmomentebs gamovyofT. 239iunos gardasaxva – iuno / qalkiope (6. 439 – 7. 152)iuno mokavSireobas sTxovs venuss, miiRebs misgan sartyels daqalkioped gadaqceuli midis medeasTan, ixmobs mas qalaqis kedlebTan,sadac Cans, Tu rogor ibrZvian vaJkacebi (6. 477-487) 240 da swored am drosqalwuls sartyels Semoakravs welze. Tu manamde danakargs kolxebi daargonavtebi ganicdidnen, medeas gamoCenisas suraTi icvleba, warmatebaaxla maT mxarezea, iuno-qalkiope zrunavs imaze, rom iasoni uzadosardlad da meomrad warsdges kolxi qalwulis winaSe (6. 575 Smd.). Sesabamisad,ar aris gasakviri, rom iasoni umalve ipyrobs aietis asulisyuradRebas, iuno Zalas ar iSurebs esonidis keTilSobilebis, Zlevamosilebisda simamacis warmosaCenad. iuno-qalkiope mxolod mas Semdegtovebs medeas, roca miiCnevs, rom venusis sartyelis zemoqmedebiT sasurvelimizani miRweulia. marTlac, medea qalkiopes wasvlis Semdegac238 D. Elm, Venus und die Tradition der Furiendarstellung, ROV, München, 1998, 256: `flakusis argonavtikaSivenusis, iunos da furiebis moqmedeba TiTqmis araviTar gansxvavebas ar gviCvenebs~.elmi Tavis mxriv imowmebs hardis, romelic askvnis, rom valerius flakusi Tavisi venusiskoncefciis safuZvelze èneidis~ Sefarul analizs awarmoebs: valeriusi Seupirispirebsfurors, romelsac èneidis~ meore nawilSi alekto iwvevs, siyvarulisvnebas, romlis mizezic venusia, ibid. 257.239 U. Eigler, Medea als Opfer – Die Götterintrige im VII. und VIII. Buch der Argonautica (VII 1 – VIII 67), ROV,Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 155-172; A. Ferenczi, Medea – eine Heldin, ROV, München 1998, 337-346.240 dawvrilebiT iunos rolze flakusis eposSi ix.: W. Schubert, Socia Iuno. Zur Gestalt derGötterkönigin in Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 121-137.147

Ceba mSobliur kedlebTan da Tvals adevnebs brZolas, rac mas ukveimdenad aRar hgvris siamovnebas, radgan SiSi ipyrobs iasonis gamo. igimxolod brZolis dasasrulisas brundeba sakuTar TalamosSi (6.753-4).venusis da iunos mizani SeiZleba miRweulad CaiTvalos, Tumca,rogorc mogvianebiT ganviTarebuli movlenebi mowmoben, saWiro gaxdebakidev erTi ìntervencia~.marTalia, iasonis sityva, romelsac is warmoTqvams aietis mrisxanedavalebis sapasuxod (7. 89-100), STabeWdilebas axdens medeaze da kidevufro umZafrebs grZnobebs, Tumca mainc meryeobs, gadawyvetilebas veriRebs (7. 101-152), ufro metic, egueba im azrs, rom iasoni samSobloSiunda dabrundes (7. 139). amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom iuno am etapze veraxerxebs qurumi qalis gardaqmnas Seyvarebul qalad; realurad, albaT,jer arc arsebobs amisi motivacia, radgan am momentSi argonavtebsTviTon SeuZliaT gaumklavdnen safrTxes da medeas daxmareba amSemTxvevaSi naklebad sWirdebaT. iuno xedavs medeas meryeobas da axalfands mimarTavs. midis venusTan da sTxovs, gaumZafros kolx qalwulsgrZnobebi, ise rom man dauyovnebliv, auRelveblad, civi gonebiTdatovos mamiseuli saxli da nebismieri ubedurebisgan daicvas misisayvareli iasoni (7. 159-170).mas Semdeg rac venusi medeas siaxloves aRmoCndeba, SeiZlebaiTqvas, rom medeas sulier mdgomareobaSi axali faza iwyeba. Tu manamdemedea sakuTar Tavs esaubreba da jer kidev SerCenia saRi goneba,realurad Seafasos situacia, venusis siaxloves aRmoCena mas sxvaazrebs STaagonebs, misi warmosaxviTi Tanamosaubre axla iasonia (7. 198-209). am sityvaSi Cans misi umweoba; mas ar ZaluZs ramiT daexmaros iasons,sinanuls gamoTqvams imis gamo, rom iasons sZuls yvela da maT Sorismedeac. Tumca Tavs imiT inugeSebs, rom, roca iasoni davalebis SesrulebisasaResruleba, misi sxeulis narCenebs moagrovebs da dakrZalavs.misi wminda movaleoba iqneba, siyvaruli gamoavlinos gmirisadmi da missaflavze izrunos. venusis saqmeSi CarTvis Semdeg ki, medea ukve aSkaradaRar aris aseTi umweo; 241 igi yvelaferze wava iasonis dasaxmareblad.241 sainteresoa, rom venusi iRebs ara qalkiopes, aramed kirkes saxes. medea virtualurmimarTvaSi iasonisadmi axsenebs, rom igi ver ixilavs iasons sicocxlis bolos, radgan148

axla vnaxoT, Tu rogor icvleba medeas sulieri mdgomareobavenusis gamoCenis Sedegadvenusis gardasaxva – venusi / kirke (7. 153-399)venusis uSualo Carevamde medea mainc axerxebs Tavis moTokvas. flakusizedmiwevniT gadmogvcems aietis asulis sulier mdgomareobas mismonologSi: medea Seyvarebulia (amanti, 7. 3); igi akvirdeba sakuTar Tavs(pervigil), SeigrZnobs Tavis survils (volens), Tumca ver Seicnobs motivs(casu, errore): nunc ego quo casu vel quo sic pervigil usque / ipsa volens errore trahor? (7. 9-10).rogorc ki uaxlovdeba venusi-kirke medeas, mas sevda ipyrobs (maeret 197),gamudmebiT fiqrobs iasonze. medeaze venusis sityvebi mizanmimarTuladmoqmedebs. venusi-kirke pirdapir saqmeze gadadis (7. 223-236); eubneba, rommedea aris misi mosvlis mizezi. mas bevri xelismTxovneli exveva gars,gadawyvetilebac swori unda miiRos. imisaTvis, rom medea adviladSeelios samSoblos, qalwuls mSobliuri mxaris datovebis mimarT Tavisdamokidebulebas gaacnobs: `Sen samSoblos uwodeb, sadac dRe giTendeba(7.228-9), me ki araferi damrCenia aq, RmerTebi yvela cocxaliarsebisaTvis samyaros yvela mxareSi saerToa~ (227-8). amis mere gadadissakiTxze, sadac kolxebis da skviTebis uaryofiT mxareebze msjelobs:`me aq didxans ver davrCebi, mec maqvs ufleba da Senc, davtovoTdaumorCilebeli kolxebi~ (non habiles...Colcos, 7.231). kontrastisaTvisaRuwers Tavis upiratesobas: àxla var pikusis coli, avsonieli mefis.iq ar maSinebs cecxlismfrqveveli xarebis veli. me var tuskiuri zRvisqalbatoni, Sen ki, sabralov, mxolod savromatebi gyavs xelismTxovnelni. vai! vis mihyvebi, velur ibers? gelons, romlebic erT colsar sjerdebian~. aq ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT flakusiseuli ironia:rogorc viciT, arc kirkes mier naqebi iasoni dasjerda erT cols.venusi miznis misaRwevad ar erideba tyuils da medeas sxvaTa Sorisuyveba ambavs, rom masTan momavals gzad Sexvda sardali, anu iasoni,romelsac igi medeas msaxuri gogona egona da romelmac Semweoba iTxovaiZulebulia mkacri dis gverdiT imyofebodes (7.201-202). albaT, amitomac iunogadaifiqrebs, kvlav qalkiopes saxiT rom gamoecxados medeas da venusTan midisdasaxmareblad (7. 155).149

zRvaze mgzavrobis dros; mxolod medeaa misi xsnisa da gadarCeniserTaderTi imedi (7.257-283).aseTi sityvis Semdeg medea moralurad gatyda, is, rac akavebdanabijis gadasadgmelad, venusis `seansis~ Semdeg daZleuli aRmoCnda.medea daxmarebas sTxovs kirkes, gamoutydeba grZnobebSi (7.238-250). venusibolomde masTanaa, vidre iasons ar Seaxvedrebs. magram miuxedavad amisa,aietis asuli mainc eniT aRuwerel tanjvas ganicdis, ise rom,gadawyvets, sawamlavi dalios, Tumca qalRmerTisave ZalisxmeviT, rodesacam qveynisagan ganSorebis momenti daudgeba, sul sxvagvarad Sexedavssicocxles. kidev erTxel gaiazrebs medea, rac SeiZleba mis moqmedebasmohyves Sedegad: aq gamokveTilia yvelaferi is, rac ase mniSvnelovaniamedeasTvis: axalgazrdoba, imis ver xilva, Tu rogor dakacdebaabsirtusi, iasonis ususur mdgomareobaSi datoveba, radgan misi xsnamedeazea damokidebuli (7.338-343). medea cvlis gadawyvetilebas, emorCilebaxvedrs. misi survili iqneboda, iasons manamde SemTxveoda ubedureba,vidre aqamde mividoda saqme (344-346). medea mainc ver iRebs damoukidebladsaboloo gadawyvetilebas da isev venus-kirkes miandobs sakuTarbeds: `Sen, rogorc ufross, giTmob da davyvebi Sens nebas rogorcumcrosi~ (347-349). Tumca, mas Semdeg, rac medea promeTes sisxlidanaRmocenebul yvavils moipovebs da iasonis dasaxmareblad miemarTeba venusTanerTad, igi mainc grZnobs sindisis qenjnas, kidev erTxel sursdasturi miiRos venusisgan, rom sworad iqceva: `TviTon iasoni mTxovs,memudareba TviTon? ar aris es danaSauli, zians ar ayenebs wesierebas,ar gamkicxaven ucxo kacis nebas rom davyve?~ (7.385-388), _ ekiTxeba igikirkes.h. Cidli SeniSnavs, rom medeas saqcieli, SesaZloa, SevafasoT rogorcnolens sequor àr msurs, magram vemorCielebi~ da kontrastisaTvismoixmobs apolonios rodosels, sadac medea damoukideblad moqmedebs.iq aietis asuli Tavs sixaruliT irTavs iasonTan Sesaxvedrad (III 828ff.),yvelafers TviTon gegmavs (890-911), momavalze arc ki fiqrobs (835ff.),TviTon marTavs etls (871), daufiqreblad gadascems iasons jadosnursaSualebas (1013ff.). Cidli daaskvnis, rom medea aris damnaSave da150

msxverpli erTdroulad (Sie ist Täter und Opfer zugleich). 242 amasve exmianeba ovidiusismetamorfozebis medea Tavisi fraziT Video meliora proboque / deteriorasequor (7, 20f.) `rac kargia, vici, vadideb, cuds ki veswrafvi~.imisaTvis rom flakusis medeaze sruli STabeWdileba Segveqmnas,saWiroa detalurad ganvixiloT iasonisa da medeas Sexvedris scenebi.Tu maT sadialogo partiebs davukvirdebiT, aseTi suraTis mowmenigavxdebiT: iasonis partiebi moicavs 36 striqons, medeasi _ 40 striqons.sityvebis Tanmimdevroba aseTia: saubars iwyebs iasoni 17 str. (413-430),amas mosdevs medeas sami sityva (437-449+452-55, 467-472, 477-487), iasonismeore sityva 18 str. (490-508), medeas mokle sityva 5 str. (516-521), iasonis1 striqoniani SekiTxva (529), medeas saboloo sityva 5 str. (532-537). amdenad,am scenaSi maTi partiebis saerTo moculoba daaxloebiT erTnairia,Sesabamisad, dialogSi isini Tanabari xvedriTi wiliT warmogvidgebian.medeas Sexvedrisas surs, rom pirvelad saubari iasonma daiwyos,raTa Seityos, Tu ras sTavazobs iasoni da amis mixedviT aagosmsjeloba. iasoni, romelic jer ar aris darwmunebuli medeas mzadyofnaSi,daexmaros mas, sTxovs kolx asuls, mamamisiviT Seubralebelinu iqneba. arwmunebs, rom igi udanaSauloa da daumsaxureblad isjebaaietis mier (415-418), Tan Seaxsenebs imas, rom aiets samsaxuri gauwia, romxelidan gamoecala saukeTeso meomrebi, kanTusi da ifisi, am samsaxurisaTvisaiets unda gaeSva mSvidobiT iasoni da sazRauri miecamisTvis, amis magivrad ki is axal davalebas aZlevs (422-427). aq iasoniqalwulis grZnobebze TamaSs iwyebs, jer ambobs `bolos da bolos, Sesa-Zloa mec movkvde~ (427-428), Tumca mere darwmunebiT dasZens: èrTi gardauvalia:ar movkvdebi, arasodes waval aqedan sawmisis gareSe~ (428-429).iasonis mokrZalebuli Txovnis Semdeg, medea kvlav sircxvilisgrZnobiT aris Sepyrobili, ar icis, riTi daiwyos, ra Tqvas: flakusisakmaod ostaturad agebs medeas sityvas. aq naCvenebia medeas xasiaTiserTgvari gradacia morcxvi qalwulidan ucxoeliT moxibluli qalismzadyofnamde, mas sakuTari sicocxle anacvalos. medeas partia ramdenimenawilad viTardeba da ToToeul am nawils SegviZlia vuwodoTgarkveuli nabiji iasonis keTilganwyobis an sapasuxo grZnobis mopo-242 H. J. Tschiedel, Medea – Zauberin und Liebende, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 172.151

vebis gzaze. es nawilebi erTmaneTisagan gamoiyofa naratiuli CanarTebiTan iasonis am erTgvar monologSi CarTviT. SevecadoT, am TvalsazrisiTmovaxdinoT medeas sityvis analizi da vnaxoT, Tu ra arsebiTgansxvavebas gviCvenebs igi apolonios rodoselTan dadasturebuliSesabamisi scenisgan.437-449 striqonebi SeiZleba medeas sityvis erTgvar prooimionadgaviazroT, sadac aietis asuli iasons arwmunebs imaSi, rom igi mis anabaraadarCenili:'quid, precor, in nostras venisti, Thessale, terras?unde mei spes ulla tibi tantosque petisticur non ipse tua fretus virtute labores?nempe ego si patriis timuissem excedere tectisoccideras, nempe hanc animam cras saeva manebantfunera. Iuno ubi nunc, ubi nunc Tritonia virgo,sola tibi quoniam tantis in casibus adsumexternae regina domus? miraris et ipse,credo, nec agnoscunt hae nunc Aeetida silvae.sed fatis sum victa tuis. cape munera supplexnon mea teque iterum Pelias si perdere quaeretinque alios casus, alias mittet ad urbes,heu formae ne crede tuae!'452-455 am striqonebSi medea sTavazobs iasons absoluturaduperspeqtivo Sanss, sakuTari ZalebiT gadalaxos winaaRmdegobebi. da Tangamoxatavs survils, rogorme aicilos Tavidan danaSaulze pasuxismgebloba.Tumca is, rom medeas pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acdenis es cdaaseve uperspeqtivoa, Cans bunebis movlenebis aRweriT, ris Semdegac medeaukve momzadebul balaxs gadascems iasons. da amas mosdevs misiracionaluri praqtikuli rCevebis Semcveli sityva (467-472):'nunc age et has' inquit 'cristas galeamque resumequam modo funerea tenuit Discordia dextra.hanc iace per medias, cum verteris aequora, messes.protinus in sese conversa furoribus ibitcuncta phalanx atque ipse fremens mirabitur et me152

espiciet fortasse pater.'mas Semdeg, rac mas aqvs xilva imisa, Tu ra moxdeba momavalSi, igiiasons mimarTavs sityvebiT, romlebSic ukve Cans mzadyofna, ucxoelisgulisTvis sakuTari sicocxle daTmos (477-487):'sis memor, oro, mei, contra memor ipsa manebo,crede, tui. quantum hinc aberis, dic quaeso, profundi?quod caeli spectabo latus? sed te quoque tangatcura mei quocumque loco, quoscumque per annosatque hunc te meminisse velis et nostra faterimunera, servatum pudeat nec virginis arte.ei mihi, cur nulli stringunt tua lumina fletus?an me mox merita morituram patris ab iradissimulas? te regna tuae felicia gentis,te coniunx natique manent; ego prodita abibonec queror et pro te lucem quoque laeta relinquam.'aq iasoni pirvelad erTveba dialogSi da misi sityvebi savsebiTlogikurad exmianeba medeas mzadyofnas, Tavi gaswiros iasonis gulisTvis.iasons SeuZlia qalis gulis molboba mxolod imis dapirebiT,rom colad moiyvans (490-508):'tune' ait 'Aesoniden quicquam te velle relictacredis et ulla peti sine te loca? redde tyrannome potius, recipe ingratos atque exue cantus!quis mihi lucis amor? patriam cur amplius optemsi non et genitor te primam amplectitur Aesonteque tuo longe fulgentem vellere gaudensspectat et ad primos procumbit Graecia fluctus?respice ad has voces et iam, precor, adnue, coniunx.per te, quae superis divisque potentior imis,perque haec, virgo, tuo redeuntia sidera nutuatque per has nostri iuro discriminis horas:umquam ego si meriti s noctis immemor huius,si te sceptra, domum, si te liquisse parentessenseris et me iam non haec promissa tuentem,153

tum me non tauros iuvet evasisse ferosqueterrigenas, tum me tectis tua turbet in ipsisflamma tuaeque artes. nullus succurrere contraingrato queat et siquid tu saevius istisadicias meque in medio terrore relinquas.'ZiriTadi gardatexa ukve momxdaria. medeam miiRo iasonisgan garantiacolad moyvanis Taobaze da amis Semdeg igi ukve ukonkretebsiasons imas, Tu ra dabrkolebebis gadalaxva elis win da Tu rogoriSeiZleba iyos am procesSi medeas roli (516-521).'accipe perdomitis quae deinde pericula tauriset quis in Aeolio maneat te vellere custos.nondum cuncta tibi, fateor, promissa peregi.saevior ingenti Mavortis in arbore restat,crede, labor. quem--tanta utinam fiducia nostrisit mihi nocturnaeque Hecates-- nostrique vigoris.'drakonis Semzaravi xma axsenebs medeas, Tu ra aris yvelazeukanaskneli da saSineli dabrkoleba oqros sawmisis mopovebis gzaze daTavisi rCeviTa da ukanaskneli emociuri argumentaciiT, oRond iasonmaSeZlos am dabrkolebis daZleva da mzad aris Tundac mokvdes medea,faqtobrivad, sabolood arwmunebs iasons imaSi, rom man Tavisi pirobaSeasrulos.Cndeba kiTxva, Tu rogor unda aixsnas is, rom erTmaneTs enacvlebaSeyvarebuli, SeSinebuli, TviTmkvlelobaze wamsvleli gogona daZlevamosili, SiSismomgvreli jadoqari. rogorc h. Cidli miiCnevs, amasflakusi ganzrax akeTebs, raTa kontrasti metad SesagrZnobi iyos darac SeiZleba gamomsaxvelobiTi iyos siyvarulis Zliereba, romelicyvelafers amarcxebs. TviT iseTi jadoqaric ki, romelic yvelas SiSsgvris, siyvarulis winaSe uZluria. Die reinigende und verwandelnde Kraft des Erosentkleidet Medea ihrer Dämonie, nimmt ihr alle bedrohliche Überlegenheit und reduziert sie auf154

loße Menschlichkeit. 243 amasve exmianeba hulis mosazreba: Erst in dieserMenschlichkeit kann Medea leiden und tragische Züge annehmen. 244qalRmerTebis Zalisxmevis miuxedavad, medeas ar tovebs imisgancda, sworad iqceva Tu ara. rodesac kolxididan midis, mas martoobisSegrZneba ipyrobs da ar asvenebs sinanulis grZnoba: ...quamquam Haemoniiscum regibus iret / sola tamen (8. 205-6) 245 . medeas Tvalebze aqvs afarebulimosasxami cremlebis dasamalad ...in lumine palla / flebat adhuc (204-5).kidev erT garemoebaze gvinda gavamaxviloT yuradReba: medeas saRiazrovnebis unari rom ar daukargavs, amaze es faqtic metyvelebs:rogorc ki amCnevs iasonSi meryeobas, mas Tavdacvis instiqti karnaxobs,umalve miiRos zomebi. Tu apolonios rodoselTan medeas kolxebisaTvisgadacemis saqmes mefe alkinoosi wyvets, aq iasons uwevs gadawyvetilebismiReba. Sesabamisad, is aris erTaderTi, visac pasuxi SeiZleba mosTxovosmedeam. iasoni Tavis mxriv, rTul situaciaSia: man, erTi mxriv, undagaiTvaliswinos megzurebis (sociis, 404) azri da, meore mxriv, daicvasmedeasTvis micemuli piroba. esonids sikvdili urCevnia Tavisi cxovrebismegzuris safrTxeSi Cagdebas (...mortemque cupit sociamque pericli / cogitat, 8. 403-4), magram erTi cxadia, rom man gadawyvetileba unda miiRos da ganaCenigamoaqvs Tanamgzavrebis sasargeblod. aq xazi unda gavusvaT erTgaremoebasac, apolonios rodoselisgan gansxvavebiT, rodesac iasonigadawyvets, Tavisi ganaCeni auwyos miniebs, qariSxali wynardeba, anuargonavtebs SesaZlebloba miecemaT gaemgzavron, Sesabamisad, isini aRargamoTqvamen medeas gamo ukmayofilebas da arc iasoni ar aris iZulebulimedeas sawinaaRmdegod imoqmedos. Tumca medeas Tvals araferi gamoparvia(...ipsam interea quid restet amantem / ignorare sinunt decretaque tristia servant, 8. 406-407), qalwuli, romelic aqamde sircxvilis grZnobiT iyo savse, iviwyebsyvelafers da Seuracxyofili qalis poziciidan esaubreba iasons (8.415-444). aq igi laparakobs Selaxul Rirsebaze da rac mTavaria imaze, rommas aqvs ufleba icodes, ra xdeba mis Tavs (...consultaque vestra / fas audire mihi,243 H. J. Tschiedel, Medea – Zauberin und Liebende, ROV, Hildesheim, Zürich 1991, 218-219.244 K. W. D. Hull, Medea in Valerius Flaccus's Argonautica, in: Proceedings of the Leeds Philos. and Lit. Society,Lit. and Rhet. Section 16, 1, 1975, 21.245 `miuxedavad imisa, rom hemoniel sardlebTan erTan miemgzavreboda, mainc simartovesgrZnobda~.155

418-9). medea iasonis Tavmoyvareobaze TamaSobs: mas moixseniebs rogorcyvelaze erTgul meuRles (fidissime coniunx, 8. 419), mouwodebs ar gatexosfici, radgan igi pasuxismgebelia ara megzurebis, aramed, upirvelesyovlisa, mis winaSe (...scis te mihi certe, / non socios iurasse tuos, 422-3). Tu manamdemedea imaze fiqrobda, rom iasons Tavi uxerxulad ar egrZno qalis miergaweuli samsaxuris gamo, amjerad daundobelia da surs, maqsimaluraddaamciros da Selaxos misi Rirseba: `SegaSina omma Cems ZmasTan, mamaCemisxomaldebma~ (427), `Tavs damarcxebulad grZnob, ufro Zlieri mtrissafrTxeSi~ (428). da aq igi ukve gadadis Tavisi damsaxurebebisCamoTvlaze, raTa kidev ufro mZafrad Seagnebinos iasons, rom misidaxmarebis gareSe ver SeZlebda rTuli davalebebis Sesrulebas. medeasul ramdenime sityviT cxadyofs Tavis amJamindel damokidebulebasiasonisadmi, rom igi iseTi Zvirfasi aRar aris misTvis, rogorc adre...mene, optime quondam / Aesonide (8. 441-2). da mainc, medea TiTqos TavsimarTlebs, gana samarTliani ar aris misi saqcieli, pasuxi mosTxovosiasons (...me ferre preces et supplicis ora / fas erat, 442-3). 246 swored es Strixiganasxvavebs flakusis medeas apoloniseuli medeasgan. elinist poetTankolxi asuli am momentSi ufro kategoriulia da mrisxane, flakusTan kimisi xasiaTis Strixebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, ufro reliefurad ariswarmoCenili.calke unda ganvixiloT medeas aietisadmi damokidebuleba. kolxTamefe rom medeaTi `spekulirebs~, cxadad Cans jer kidev mesame wignSi,sadac igi asuls colad hpirdeba yvelas, vinc mokavSireobas gauwevsAeetes contra thalamis et virgine pacta / conciliat reges Scythicos primusque coacta (3. 495-6).medeas daukiTxavad gadawyvets, igi albanel ufliswuls miaTxovos.miuxedavad amisa, medeas mis mimarT krZalva da SiSi aqvs (8. 51-52);yovelTvis, roca ucxoelis daxmarebas gadawyvets, mamaze fiqrobs.sabediswero nabijis gadadgmis merec, igi mamas moixseniebs usazRvromowiwebiT. Tavis gamosamSvidobebel sityvaSi igi mxolod mamas axsenebs:`rom momxveodi aTasjer ukanasknelad, mama aiet, maSin rodesac mivdivar,246 apolonios rodoselTan medeas gasakicxi sityva 35 striqons moicavs (IV 355-390);vidre iasoni medeasTvis arasakeTildReo gadawyvetilebas miiRebdes, kolxi qalwulimanamde gadadis ieriSze da kicxavs. igi afeqtur mdgomareobaSia, surs yvelaferigadawvas da TviTonac cecxls misces Tavi.156

da genaxa Cemi cremlebi, damijere, mama, me is Senze metad ar miyvars,visac mivyvebi, de, male zRvis talRebSi davinTqe, Sen mSvidad da didixniT imefe, axla, amas gTxov, ixare Seni sxva SvilebiT~ (8.10-15). imdenaddidia mamis winaSe misi SiSi da krZalva, rom ukve meored gadawyvetssawamlavis miRebas (8.17-19). aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom maSinac ki, rodesaciasons gamkicxav sityvas eubneba, mxolod mamis reaqcia ainteresebs,mxolod misi rcxvenia: `mama aRar daijerebs, rom me Cemi danaSaulisaTvisvisjebi da damokidebuli var~ (...haud hoc nunc genitor putat – aut darepoenas / iam sceleris dominumque pati? 8. 443-4).mas Semdeg, rac medea daexmareba iasons davalebebis SesrulebaSi,gadascems malamos da aswavlis, Tu rogor gaumklavdes miwidanaRmocenebul meomrebs, miaZinebs drakons da sawmiss gaatacebinebsiasons, aseT frazas warmoTqvams: ìmedia, yvelaferi Sevasrule, racusamarTloa~ (omne nefas, iam, spero, peregi, 8. 108). gaTviTcnobierebulmamkiTxvelma icis, rom medea kidev sxva saSinelebebsac Caidens. amborotmoqmedebaTa Sesaxeb informacia ramdenime adgilas prolepsebissaxiT gvxvdeba poemaSi. Svilebis mkvlelobaze migviTiTebs medeassizmari: mox stare paventes / viderat intenta pueros nece seque trementum / spargere caedemanus et lumina rumpere fletu (5.338-340) ìs xedavda iqve idgnen biWebiSeSinebulebi mosalodneli sikvdilis winaSe, misi xelebi wabilwuli,radgan is klavs mocaxcaxeebs da Tvalebi cremlebiT evseba~; rodesaciasoni da medea k. pevkeze iqorwineben, mopsusi isurvebda, rom mas[medeas] Svilebi arasodes hyoloda (et tibi iam nullos optavit, barbara, natos, 8. 251).gvxvdeba aseve miniSnebebi kreusas xvedris Sesaxeb: k. pevkezeqorwilis dros venusi axladdaqorwinebulebs uZRvnis samoss oqroskantiT moqarguls da ormag gvirgvins, margalitebs, romelic ganku-Tvnilia sxva sapatarZlos alis mosadebad (ipsa suas illi croceo subtegmine vestes/ induit, ipsa suam duplicem Cytherea coronam / donat et arsuras alia cum virgine gemmas, 8.234-236). Sdr. aseve mopsusis misnoba, sadac korinTosSi momxdar ambebzeamiSniSneba (1. 224-226).rac Seexeba absirtusis sikvdils, aris Tu ara es medeas kidev erTinefas-i, amis Sesaxeb odnav qvemoT dawvrilebiT vilaparakebT.157

ogoria flakusis medea? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaSi medeasTandakavSirebuli Sedarebebi dagvexmareba: roca medea kedlebTan midis, igiTeTri SroSania, romelsac gazafxulis feri dakravs da xanmokledroiT xarobs da am mcire xnis ganamvlobaSi gansakuTrebulad hyvavis(6.492-495); venusis sartyelis Semokvris Semdeg, rodesac medea kvlavsakuTar TalamosSi brundeba, ganasaxierebs bakq qalebs Ramiseuli rokvisas.yvelaferze wamsvlel Tiadebs, romlebic RmerTTa gamosaxulebebsitaceben. msgavsad kolx qalwulsac araferi aRelvebda, rodesacSinisken midioda berZenTa laSqris rigebSi da mSobliur razmebSi, igimxolod iasonze zrunavda, mxolod mas xedavda, mis aRWurvilobas, missaxes (6.755-60); medea venusis misvlamde Sedarebulia orestess, venusTanSexvedris Semdeg ki penTevss, bakxusis mier gaSmagebuls, masac sulcota aklia, rom grZnobis morevma daimorCilos.apolonios rodoselis mier àrgonavtikis~ mesame wignSiwarmodgenili medeas saxe udavod did STabeWdilebas axdens mkiTxvelze.flakusi, SeiZleba iTqvas, medeas xasiaTis Strixebs SedarebiT metadreliefurad xatavs, masTan es personaJi rTuli da mravalwaxnagovania,yvelaze metad TvalSisacemia misi ambivalenturi buneba: medeaerTdroulad aris jadoqaric da Seyvarebuli qalic, intrigismsxverplic da borotmoqmedebaze wamsvlelic, stanjavs sircxvilisgrZnobac da cnobismoyvareobac. yovelive es flakusTan ise ostaturadaris Sezavebuli, rom saqme gvaqvs udavod saintereso figurasTan da,SeiZleba iTqvas, iseve rogorc sxva rig SemTxvevebSi, Tavisiindividualuri xedvis wyalobiT SeZlo sakuTari, winamorbedTagangansxvavebuli medea warmoedgina CvenTvis. ase rom, vfiqrobT, TamamadSeiZleba misi medeac apolonios rodoselis, evripides, senekas mierSeqmnili figurebis gverdiT davayenoT. aieti apolonios rodoselTan aietis sxva epiTetTa Soris intensivobiTgamoirCeva uJperhvnwr `zviadi~, ojloov~ `mrisxane~, uJperfialov~ `metismetad qed-158

maRali~. 247 aqcenti gakeTebulia ZiriTadad mis Zal-Ronesa da samefoZlevamosilebaze. aseTia aieti flakusTanac, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rommas kolxTa mefe, upirveles yovlisa, ainteresebs rogorc tirani.amaze isic metyvelebs, rom flakusi apoloniosisgan gansxvavebulmotivacias uZebnis peliasis davalebas. peliasi aiets adanaSaulebsfriqsusis mkvlelobaSi (1.43ff.), raTa Tavisi davalebis safuZvlianobagaamarTlos. anu mkiTxvels Tavidanve sakmaod uaryofiTi damokidebulebauCndeba aietis mimarT, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas realurad es danaSauliar Caudenia. es rom tyuilia, solis sityvidanac Cans (1.520-524). aietmafriqsusi ar uaryo, piriqiT, mmarTvelobac uwilada, qaliSvili miaTxova,axla berZeni modgmis SviliSvilebi hyavs da surs qaliSvilTa saqmroebiucxo qveynidan, naTesaobrivi kavSiriT urTierToba gaamyaros. 248marTalia, aiets realurad ar mouklavs friqsusi, igi mxcovan asakSigardaicvala kolxidaSi (5.224-225), Tumca isic ar unda dagvaviwydes,rodesac argonavtebis misvla mas saSinlad gaabrazebs, fiqrobs,umjobesi iyo saerTod ar mieRo friqsusi da kargi iqneboda, imTaviTvedaRupuliyo zRvaSi, rogorc misi da hele. es yvelaferi mkiTxvelSikvlav im ferus aiets axsenebs da misgan kargs arafers moelis.rogori mmarTvelia aieti?medea mamis Sesaxeb uambobs iasons, rom aieti solis taZarSiuxucesebis rCevebs ismens da xalxis Txovnebs Seismens rex feret, hic proceresaudit populosque precantes / adloquiis facilis: praesens pater admonet aequi (5. 45-6).ramdenad Seesabameba medeas sityvebi realobas? ramdenad iTvaliswinebsmefe Tavisi xalxis da Tundac warCinebuli mamebis an misnebis Txovnasada survilebs?aiets argonavtebis kolxidaSi misvlamde sizmarSi gamoecxadebafriqsusis aCrdili, romelmac mas gafrTxileba praecepta (5.263) misca:maSin daingreva Seni xelisufleba, roca oqros sawmiss gaitaceben. amisgamo medea, romelic hekates emsaxureba, unda colad una gayves xelismTxovnels, romelsac moisurvebs, raTa asuli ar darCes mamiseul247 flakusTan misi epiTetebia: ferus (1.43), Soligenae (5.223), Sole satus (5.263), perfida...corda (5.289),infando ... tyranno (7.87); moixsenieba rogorc Skythici...nati (1.503), Aeaei...tyranni (5.547).248 Sdr. 5.233-235.159

samefoSi (5.234-240). meore mxriv, kolxi qurumis misnoba moiTxovsubedurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT damRupveli sawmisis gacemas,avismomtani sawmisis hemoniaSi gagzavnas (5.261-262). aieti am orimisnobidan irCevs friqsusis misnobas (5.263). aqedan aietma TavisTvissasargeblo daskvna gamoitana: imisaTvis, rom Zalaufleba SeinarCunos,unda flobdes sawmiss. amitomac ugulebelyofs kolxi qurumis gafrTxilebas(5.264). misi naxevarZma persesi cdilobs, aieti daarwmunos, qveynisinteresi daicvas da gasces oqros sawmisi. Zmebi ver Tanxmdebian. omigardauvalia.aieti erTi SexedviT Wkviani mmarTvelia: omisTvis mokavSireebskrebs im pirobiT, rom medeas miaTxovebs Aeetes contra thalamis et virgine pacta /conciliat reges Scythicos primusque coacta (3. 495-6). TviTneburad iRebs gadawyvetilebas,medea albanel stiruss miaTxovos. ar erideba tyuils dayvelaferze midis, argonavtebisagan rom miiRos daxmareba. miznismisaRwevad igi axerxebs Tavisi azrebis damalvas da argonavtebis mimarTmtruli damokidebulebis SeniRbvas; miuxedavad imisa, rom ar siamovnebsiasonis winadadeba oqros sawmisis daTmobaze, risxvas gulSi icxrobs,axerxebs damalos Tavisi ganwyobileba da miniebs megobruladSeepasuxeba: `visurvebdi, aseTi Znelbedobis Jams ar mosuliyaviT CemTan,rodesac mteri axlos dabanakebula, Cems Zmas ganuzraxavs Cemi ganadgurebada surs damamarcxos uricxvi jariT. aba, daicaviT jer TqveninaTesavebis sacxovrisebi, Tavi gamoiCineT simamaciT, oqros sawmissgadavcem gamarjvebuls, da ara mxolod sawmiss~ (5.534-541).miuxedavad winaswar miRebuli zomebisa, aietma realurad vergaTvala, Tu saidan iyo safrTxe mosalodneli. aiets Tavisi qali-Svilebis imedi aqvs, darwmunebulia, rom medea drakons berZnebisdasaRupad warmarTavs (550); aseve aieti imedovnebs, rom iasoni vergabedavs davalebis miRebas, mas hgonia, rom iasoni ukve gaemgzavrasawmisis gareSe (539-543). igi orive SemTxvevaSi cdeba.aieti verc erTxel iRebs swor gadawyvetilebas, tiranisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, mas xels uSlis iyos kargi mmarTveli.flakusi zedmiwevniT detalurad aRwers aietis sulier mdgomareobas160

afeqtis momentSi. eqstremalur situaciaSi misi reaqciebi yvela im niSan-Tvisebas avlens, rac tiranisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.misi reaqcia Ramiseul gamocxadebaze aris naCqarevi da daufiqrebeli:membra toris rapit ille tremens (5.244); aieti friqsusis misnobas iRebsmxdali guliT aegro corde (5.264); rodesac aieti Seityobs, rom miswinaaRmdeg laSqari ikribeba, gadmocemulia, Tu rogor wamoxta risxviTgaSmagebuli da Tavs daatyda uxucesebs (furens ira solio proripit alto / ... patres,5.268-269); misi solisadmi mimarTuli locva warmoaCens imas, romdevnilad grZnobs Tavs da rom safrTxe emuqreba: haec tibi fatorum, genoitor,tutela meorum, / omnituens tua nunc terris, tua lumina toto / sparge mari. seu nostra dolosmolitur opertos / sive externa manus, primus mihi nuntius esto (5.246-249); misiegocentruli buneba Tavs iCens, roca aietma ugulebelyo kolxi misnisgafrTxileba da sakuTari Zalauflebis SenarCuneba arCia xalxiskeTildReobas: nec vulgi cura tyranno / dum sua sit modo tuta salus (5.264-265). ìs, romaiets surs mefobis SenarCuneba, bunebrivia da adamianuri, magram gzebi,romelTa meSveobiTac cdilobs amis ganxorcielebas, arahumanuria~, –miiCnevs T. baieri. 249 igi garSemo myofTa mimarT undoblobiT arisganmsWvaluli da fiqrobs, rom xalxis sawinaaRmdegod mmarTvelobaSesaZlebelia. SiSi aqvs rogorc Sinaur, ise sagareo mtrebis winaSe daamis gamo itanjeba. 250 misnobis miRebis Semdeg, marss evedreba, rom sawmisidaicvas: tu quoque, sacrata rutilant cui vellera quercu, / excubias, Gradive, tene. praesentialuco / arma tubaeque sonent, vox et tua noctibus extet (5.250-252) da sabrZolo yiJiniTSiSi mohgvaros garSemomyofT. Tu senekas gavixsenebT, iaraRis JRarunitiranis erTaderTi Tavdacvis saSualebaa. aieti ar moqmedebs gaazrebulad,aramed spontanurad iRebs gadawyvetilebas. aq igulisxmebagadawyvetileba medeas stirusze gaTxovebis Sesaxeb, misnobis daavismomaswavebeli niSnebis ugulebelyofa. igi mrisxanea da adviladgamodis wyobidan. roca persesma misi gakritikeba scada, gacofebulidaesxa Tavs da ziani miayena mas: ille fures ira solio se proripit alto / praecipitatquepatres ipsumque... ense petis (5.268-271). mas ipyrobs furor da ira. senekas mixedviT,249 dawvrilebiT ix.: Th. Baier, Ursache und Funktion des Krieges gegen Perses in den Argonautica desValerius Flaccus: Ratis omnia vincet. Neue Untersuchungen zu den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, München1998, 321-326.250 Sdr. Sen. De clementia (1, 11, 4-1. 12, 5).161

ira yvelaze saSineli da amasTanave saSiSi afeqtia. furor, ira, impietasRmerTebis mimarT, misnobis ugulebelyofa da tiranis maxasiaTebeliniSnebi samarTliani mmarTvelis absoluturad sawinaaRmdego saxes qmnis.aieti erTianad omze da Zaladobazea orientirebuli. sworeddaudevrobiTa da daufiqreblobiT, imiT, rom uars ambobs sawmisisgacemaze, Tavis Zmas samoqalaqo omis dawyebis sababs aZlevs. aieti aranaklebad aris gaSmagebuli, rodesac iasonma piroba Seasrula, skviTebiswinaaRmdeg omSi daxmareba gauwia. imis magivrad, rom Seesrulebinamicemuli sityva, pirobas arRvevs, uzomo risxviT aris aRsavse, rodesacargonavtebs kicxavs: (7.35-77) `sxva qveynidan xarT warmomavlobiT, gaqvTsakuTari sanapiroebi da samefoebi, ra sisulelem mogiyvanaT amsanapirosTan, gana me viyavi Tqveni megobrobis mizani? friqsus, Sen Cemiubedurebis pirvelo mizezo, ratom dasaviT ar daiRupe zRvaSi. bednieriviqnebodi saerTod ar mcodnoda berZenTa saxelebi. pelias mefe? vinaris igi? Tesalia? ra saberZneTi? romel modgmas vxedav? an sad arissimplegadebi? ucxo movida skviTiis sanapirosTan! iasoni 50 devnilTanerTad, o sircxvilo, mas surs aziaSi SemoiWras, erTma gemma undadamcinos, romelic cdilobs, nadavli cocxal mefes wahgvaros?! ra unda,me TviTon unda mivarTva, Tavad unda gavukvalo Cemi tyeebi?!~ igiargonavtebs yaCaRebs uwodebs da ambobs, rom ar dauTmobs sawmiss, vidresxva davalebas ar Seasrulebs iasoni. aq aieti tradiciiT cnobildavalebas aZlevs iasons. saSinlad Seuracxyofilia, rodesac iasonielCad ugzavnis exions, raTa aietma moamzados cecxlismfrqvevelixarebi (vocor en ultro, 546). ukve aRarc malavs, rom ubedureba sursdaatydes Tavs iasons da rom swadia, sawmisi misTvis sazareli iasonissisxliT gaiJRinTos.flakusis SefasebiT, aieti imsaxurebs, rom motyuebuli damitovebuli iyos. aietma rom borotad gamoiyena argonavtebis samsaxuri,amas cxadyofs flakusis SeniSvna: àietma boroteba Caidina, TavdapirveladkeTili guliT miiRo kavSiri, mere umuxTla da sakuTari miznebisgansaxorcieleblad gamoiyena~ (6. 12-13). rodesac iuno da aTenaargonavtebis kolxidaSi misvlisas bWoben, vis dauWiron mxari, iunosgadawyvetili aqvs aietis winaaRmdeg brZola, amas asabuTebs imiT, rom es162

mefe aris orguli da miniebs ar miscems sawmiss (scio perfida regis / cordaquidem, nullos Mynyis exolvet honores, 5. 289-90). aietis kritikas Tavad flakusiaxdens: ante dolos, ante infidi, tamen exequar astus / Soligenae falli meriti meritique relinqui(5.222-223). aiets axasiaTebs mzakvroba, orpiroba, cbiereba. mas uwodebsyalb mzis Svils infidi ... Soligenae (5.222-223), romelmac daimsaxura Ralatifalli da mitoveba relinqui.flakusi movlenebs uswrebs da aietis xvedrze gviyveba, marTalia,igi skviTebisa da kolxebis omSi gamarjvebas moipovebs, Tumca rodiaRmoCndeba es gamarjveba xangrZlivi, mas sakuTari samefodan gaaZeveben(5.681-689).1.2. epizodurad moqmedi personaJebi absirtusi zogierTi wyaros mixedviT afsirtosi mcirewlovania, rodesac iasonikolxidaSi Cadis (Ov. Met. VII 54); 251 zogierTis mixedviT, a. m., apoloniosrodoselTan igi ukve ymawvilia da gancalkevebiT cxovrobs sakuTarsasaxleSi (III 241, Sdr. Aaseve (Orph. Arg. 397). apolonios rodoselTanafsirtosi marTavs mamis etls (III 1236, 1234f. IV 225, Sdr. Philostr. iun. 11) dameTaurobs argonavtebis mdevar kolxTa erT jgufs (IV 306, 314, 322, 399,422, 451).flakusTan igi pirvelad dasaxelebulia kolxidis samefo ojaxisaRwerisas. ufliswuli dgas aietis gverdiT, jer kidev ymawvili (primis ...in annis, 5.457), winaparTa Rirseuli STamomavali (dignus avo, 5.458). igisardlobs kolxebs skviTebis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi. absirtusiramdenime sityviT aris warmodgenili brZolis dawyebis win (6.171-172),omis mimdinareobisas misi aristiebi ar aris aRwerili. igi mamis saomarsaWurvelSi dgas Tavisi amalis saTaveSi, mis gverdiT arian stirusi,albaneli ufliswuli da Zlevamosili sardlebi, aseve iasoni daberZenTa laSqari TviT aTenas TanxlebiT.251 Wernike,ÖApsyrtos, RE, II 1, 284.163

absirtusi aqtiuria im epizodSi, sadac mdevari kolxebissardlobiT kunZul pevkes miadgeba. 252 misi TaosnobiT daedevnebiankolxebi argonavtebs da iTxoven oqros sawmisis ukan dabrunebas.realurad swored aq xdeba berZnebisa da kolxebis pirveli seriozulidapirispireba, ramdenadac skviTebis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi kolxebiminiebis mxardamxar ibrZodnen. absirtuss Tan axlavs stirusi. orivemaTgani Selaxuli Rirsebis aRdgenaze fiqrobs, Tumca, Tu stirusi mzadaris daibrunos medea da ar surs, esonids dauTmos igi, sxvagvariaabsirtusis pozicia. absirtusi uzomo risxviT aris aRsavse, mas aranairkompromisze wasvla ar surs; arc sawmisi unda, arc das waiyvans, romcaCuqon, kavSiris dadebis aranairi imedi ar arsebobs. absirtusi armiiRebs das (nec te / accipio, germana, datam... 8.270-271), radgan igi Sercxvenilia(o pudor, 269), misTvis sakmarisi ar aris mxolod 50 meniCbis da erTixomaldis CaZirva. igi brZolaSi iwvevs mTel saberZneTs, mas surs,azRvevinos samagiero, cecxls misces mTeli saberZneTi (Graecia fallax /persequor atque tuis hunc quasso moenibus ignem, 275-6). igi darwmunebulia sakuTarZalebSi, isini xom ricxviT gacilebiT aRematebian berZnebs, amitomacganzrax sul imas usvams xazs, rom berZnebs mxolod erTi xomaldi hyavT(puppe (nefas) una, 267; unaque mersa / ... ratis, 274-5), maT ki mravali.tragikulia absirtusis xvedri am omSi, igi uZluria qalRmerTiswinaSe, romelic iasons mfarvelobs. iunos mier gamowveuli grigalisgamo, gamouval situaciaSi imyofeba; masze aseve gamanadgurebladmoqmedebs erTguli mokavSiris, stirusis daRupva. niSandoblivia, romflakusi aq absirtuss da medeas msgavsi epiTetebiT moixseniebs, erTgvariparalelizmis meSveobiT igi cdilobs, kidev ufro mZafrad SesagrZnobigaxados am da-Zmis tragikuli xvedri. ase magaliTad, stirusissikvdilis Semdeg absirtusi saSinlad aris damwuxrebuli (...visu maeretdefixus acerbo, 8. 369), medeasTan dakavSirebiT, mis dards flakusi sworedam zmniT (maereo) gadmogvcems: solo maeret defecta cubili, 7. 116; maeret et absentinequiquam talia fatur, 7. 197). rodesac absirtusi sasowarkveTilia, ar icis, raiRonos, ambobs: heu quid agat? (8. 370). medeac, rodesac veRar poulobs252 Sdr. apolonios rodoseli.164

gamosavals, swored am sityvebs warmoTqvams: heu quid agat? videt externo seprodere patrem /dura viro ...(7.309-310). absirtusi iZulebulia, qariSxlis gamouari Tqvas ieriSze da uazro SurisZiebaze (abscessit tandem vanaque recedit abira, 374), Tumca bolomde imeds mainc ar kargavs, elodeba xelsayrelmoments, iqneb, kvlav mieces omis ganaxlebis saSualeba (impatiens pugnaquedatur non ulla potestas, 381). medeac, iZulebulia xvedrs daemorCilos, radganiunos surs, igi iasonis damxmare iyos (te ducente sequor, tua me, grandaeva,fatigant / consilia et monitis cedo minor, 7, 348-9). vfiqrobT, arc is unda iyosSemTxveviTi, rom orives flakusi infelix-s uwodebs. medeas Zmisadmidamokidebulebas odnav qvemoT kvlav mivubrundebiT.absirtusis mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT wyaroebSi sxvadasxvaversia gvxvdeba. 253 yvelaze detalurad am moments apolonios rodoseligadmogvcems da sakmaod vrcel adgils uTmobs am faqtis aRweras.sainteresoa, vin aris aq iniciatori. medea Tavis sityvaSi, sadac iskicxavs iasons (IV 355-390), kategoriulad sTxovs mas, daicvas piroba,romelic zevss-hikesiosis winaSe dado, muqarasac ar erideba. swored amsagangebo situaciaSi iasoni, romelic ZiriTadad ajmhcaniva-Ti arisSepyrobili, erTpirovnulad iRebs gadawyvetilebas, romelic gulisxmobskolxebis meTauris gauvnebelyofas (IV 398-407). rogorc Cans,medeac Semzadebuli iyo aseTi winadadebisaTvis, radgan iasonis TavzardamcemSemoTavazebas yovelgvari meryeobis gareSe iziarebs, igi xomapolonios rodoselTan eqstremalur situaciaSi swrafi reagirebisunariT gamoirCeva: `saWiroa, Seuferebel saqmeT esec davurToT, rakiimTaviTve Cavidine codva da RvTis boroti Segonebebi Sevasrule~ (411-413); `Tu es saqme mogwons, arc me dagiSli, mokali igi da kolxebTanbrZolaSi Caebi~ (419-420).apoloniosi saguldagulod aRwers TviT mkvlelobis aqts (455-480).masTan am faqts mniSvnelovani motivacia aqvs: afsirtosis mkvleloba253 jer kidev yrma afsirtoss klaven aietis sasaxleSi (Soph. Kolchid. frg. 319; Eur. Med. 167.1334; Kall. frg. 411); medeas Tan mihyavs afsirtosi xomaldze, mas argonavtebi klaven,anawevreben da faziss miandoben aietis Sesayovneblad (Pherec. frg. 73); afsirtuss k.minervaze klavs iasoni (Hyg. fab. 23); medeas mzakvrobis Sedegad afsirtosi argonavtebisxelSi moxvdeba, mas klaven, da fasisSi agdeben (Orph. Arg. 1022ff.); afsirtosi kvdebaSxamisgan (Leon Schol. Eur. Med. 167); dawvrilebiT ix. Wernike, Apsyrtos, RE, II 1, 285.165

ganarisxebs zevss (IV 557, 587, 737) da, Sesabamisad, argonavtebs mravalidabrkolebis gadalaxva mouwevT, vidre pagases navsadgurs miaRweven.aseve motivirebulia kirkesTan stumroba: medea da iasoni unda wavidnenkirkesTan, raTa ganiwmindon danaSaulisagan.ramdenadac flakusis àrgonavtika~ Cvenamde nakluli saxiT arismoRweuli, anu poema mTavrdeba medeas gasakicxi sityviT, rasacSeiZleboda mohyoloda absirtusis mkvlelobis epizodi, Znelia imisTqma, hqonda Tu ara ganzraxuli flakuss saerTod absirtusismkvlelobis scenis gadmocema. amdenad, am sakiTxze mxolod varaudisgamoTqma SegviZlia. absirtusis mosalodneli xvedris Sesaxeb flakusimxolod ramdenime miniSnebas gvaZlevs. rodesac igi aRwers aietis samefokars, iq absirtuss moixseniebs epiTetiT insons ùdanaSaulo~ dignus avoquemque insontem meliora manerent (5.458) ùdanaSaulos ukeTesi xvedri undargeboda~. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom flakusis SeniSvna, romelic CarTuliaiasonisa da medeas qorwinebis epizodSi `vin ifiqrebda, rom sakurTxevelzesastikad sisxli daiRvreboda an kultmsaxurTagan romeliSeZlebda kidev amis gaxsenebas (quis modo tam saevos adytis fluxisse cruores / cogitet?aut ipsi qui iam meminere ministri? 8. 241-2), aseve absirtusis xvedrzemigvaniSnebdes.gvrCeba STabeWdileba, rom flakuss surs, aaridos medeas Zmismkvlelobis inicirebisa Tu ganxorcielebis saqme. medeas sizmarSi, sadacSeniRbulad aris laparaki imaze, rom medea moklavs sakuTar Svilebs,araferia miniSnebuli absirtusis mkvlelobaze. mxolod is aris aRniSnuli,rom medeas daedevneba Zma pontus et ingenti circum stupefacta profundo /fratretamen conante sequi (5.337-338). Cvens mier gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss aseveamyarebs is damokidebuleba, romelsac medea Zmis mimarT avlens: rodesacmedea Tavis mokvlas gadawyvets, gaaxsendeba amqveyniuri siameni, TavisiZma absirtusi, igi Tavis Tavs eubneba: `gana ar gainteresebs, rogordavaJkacdeba Seni Zma~ (7. 340). rodesac saqme SeiZleba mivides Setakebamdeiasonsa da absirtuss Soris, medeas sikvdili urCevnia imas, rom dauSvasan erTis an meoris sikvdili (8. 316-317). Tumca, Tu miTSi moqmedebisganviTarebis logikidan amovalT, savaraudod, iasonisa da absirtusisSetakebas unda mohyoloda absirtusis sikvdili. aq ar SeiZleba ar166

gavixsenoT solis taZarSi gamosaxuli suraTebi, mdinaris RmerTisa daaias ambavi, romelic aSkarad iasonisa da medeas ambis alegoriaa; amscenas mosdevs faeTonis ambavi, romelic SesaZloa simboluradabsirtusis tragikul aRsasrulze migvaniSnebdes (5. 429-432). 2541.3. naklebad aqtiuri figurebi (kirke, qalkiope, friqsusis vaJebi:argusi, frontisi, melasi, kitisorusi)rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, kirke uSualod moqmedebaSi ar figurirebs,mis saxes iRebs venusi da ise gamoecxadeba medeas (7.210-283). mas Tan aqvsTavisi atributi jadosnuri kverTxi (magica...virga, 7. 212) da acviamoqarguli samosi (pictis / vestibus, 7.211-212). medea aRtacebulia kirkesnaxviT. misi sityvidan vigebT, rom didi xania kirke iZulebiT wavidadrakonSebmuli etliT samSoblodan (fuga, 7. 219). ramdenadac, flakusisàrgonavtikis~ bolo merve simRera Cvenamde nakluli saxiT arismoRweuli, Znelia darwmunebiT imisi Tqma, hqonda Tu ara ganzraxulipoets absirtusis mkvlelobis poemaSi CarTva, Sesabamisad, kirkesepizodis nawarmoebSi integrirebac am garemoebaze iqnebodadamokidebuli.rac Seexeba qalkiopes, mis funqcias iuno iTavsebs da qalkiopedgardasaxuli cdilobs medeas dayoliebas iasonis dasaxmareblad. medeasdisadmi damokidebuleba Cans iasonisadmi mimarTvaSi 255 , sadac axsenebs,rom igi ver ixilavs esonidis ukanasknel bedisweras, radgan iZulebuliamkacri dis (durae...sorori) gverdiT imyofebodes (7.201-202). albaT, amitomacgadaifiqrebs iuno kvlav qalkiopes saxiT gamoecxados medeas davenusTan midis dasaxmareblad, raTa man amjerad kirkes saxiT moaxdinosqalwulze zemoqmedeba (7. 155).qalkiopesa da friqsusis vaJebic mxolod aietis samefo karisaRwerisas dasaxelebiT amowuraven TavianT funqcias. argonavtebTanmaTTan Sexvedra xdeba kolxidaSi da isini iasonisa da miniebis saqmeSiaraviTar monawileobas ar iReben.254arc is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom apolonios rodoseli aietis Zes faeTonsuwodebs kai; min Kovlcwn ui|e" ejpwnumivhn Faevqonta ƒ e[kleon `kolxTa Svilebi metsaxeladfaeTons eZaxdnen~ (Arg. III 245-6).255 aq iasoni medeas warmosaxviTi Tanamosaubrea.167

TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba, yvela zemoT dasaxelebulipersonaJi sakmaod aqtiurad figurirebs apolonios rodoselTan, flakusTanmaTi funqciebi, faqtobrivad, sxva moqmed personaJebzeagadanawilebuli.2. naklebad cnobili personaJebi (persesi, fasisi, kavkasusi, medeasdeda) persesi persesi heliosisa da perseisis vaJia, aietis, kirkes da pasifaes Zma(Apollod. I 83. 147; Hyg. praef. 12, 12 Schm.). 256 dionisios skitobraqioniapolodorosisagan gansxvavebiT gadmogvcems, rom heliossa da perseissmxolod ori vaJiSvili aieti da persesi yavdaT. persesi daqorwindatavrosel qalwulze an adgilobriv nimfaze, romlisganac SeeZina hekate.hekate colad gahyva aiets da eyolaT Svilebi: kirke da medea (Schol. Apoll.Rhod.III 200. 476; Diod. IV 45, 1. 2; Etym. M. 515, 12). 257persesze arafers ambobs apolonios rodoseli, valerius flakusiki piriqiT, mas did yuradRebas uTmobs. poemaSi igi aietis naxevarZmaa.dakavSirebulia kolxidaSi momxdar omTan. persesi erTaderTia, romelicaprotestebs aietis gadawyvetilebas, ar gasces sawmisi, amitomupirispirdeba mefes da saomar Zalebs krebs. omis dawyebamde persesielCobas ugzavnis argonavtebs, uari Tqvan aietis mxardamWer omSiCabmaze. elCobis misia miznad isaxavs, naTeli moefinos aietis veragobas.persesi xazs usvams mis upiratesobas: man iTxova pirvel rigSi sawmisishemonielebisaTvis gadacema, swored es gaxda uTanxmoebis da aseTisazareli omis dawyebis mizezi, amitomac umjobesia, masTan SekrankavSiri an samSobloSi dabrundnen, radganac aietis dapireba ar arissarwmuno. persesis argumenti sakmaod damajerebelia: miniebma ar undaiomon sxvisi neba-survilis gamo. amisaTvis xom ar gamouvliaT maTamxela gza. aqve exeba persesi moralur sakiTxs: ramdenad aqvT maTufleba ibrZolon im xalxis [skviTebis] winaaRmdeg, visac ar icnoben daar sZulT (6.16-26).256 persesi (Apollod. I 147, Diod. IV 45), persevsi (Etym. M. 515, 12 da Dionys. Scyt.).257 W. Peek, Perses, RE, XIX 1, 973-974.168

omSi warmateba Tavdapirvelad skviTebis mxareze iyo, Tumca masSemdeg, rac iunom daiwyo moqmedeba argonavtebis dasaxmareblad, mdgomareobaSeicvala. miuxedavad imisa, rom qalRmerTebma persess aRuTqvesSemweoba, omis dawyebamde SeTanxmdnen, rom aietis mxares daiWerdnen.garkveulwilad samarTliania persesis aRSfoTeba, romelsac isRmerTebis mimarT gamoTqvams da isRa darCenia, daelodos im dRes,rodesac iasons umuxTlebs aieti da ar Seusrulebs danapirebs (6.727-736).sasowarkveTili persesi brZolaSi Caebmeba da ar ascdeboda kidecgansacdeli, es rom palass ar SeemCnia. palasma icis, rom aietis taxtigarkveuli droiT unda daikavos persesma, Tu misi mizeziT persesidaiRupeba, iupiterisgan ar acdeba gakicxva (6.741-744). iupiteris misnobidanCans, rom, roca Tesalielebi samSobloSi gaemgzavrebian, aietspersesi gandevnis (5.683-4).persesma mogvianebiT Tavis Zma aiets rom waarTva Zalaufleba daigi kolxidaSi kvlav dabrunebulma medeam mokla, amis Sesaxeb cnobasjer kidev apolodorosTan vxvdebiT (Apollod. I 147). higinusTan kimovlenebi Semdegnairad viTardeba (Hyg. fab. 27. 244): kolxidaSi dedissaZebnelad Camodis medosi (medeasa da egevsis vaJi), ambobs, rom kreonismefis vaJi hipotesia. medeac, romelic mogvianebiT Camodis kolxidaSi,malavs vinaobas, TiTqos artemisis qurumia. rodesac gaigebs, romhipotesia kolxidaSi Camosuli, gadawyvets, sazareli kreonis vaJismkvlelobas da daarwmunebs persess, rom ucxoeli udavod medosis saxiTCamovidoda, raTa Suri eZia aietis gamo. amis gamo unda ezRo samagieroucxoels. medea, roca Seicnobs sakuTar vaJs da mixvdeba, rom cdeboda,sTxovs persess, ufleba misces, daelaparakos ymawvils. amasobaSigadascems mas xmals. medosi moklavs persess da memkvidreobad iRebsaietis samefos, romelsac amieridan Tavisi saxelis mixedviT mediasuwodebs. nawilobriv misdevs flakusi apolodorossa da higinuss.iupiteris winaswarmetyvelebaSi gacxadebulia persesis xvedri. miuxedavadimisa, rom argonavtebis kolxididan gamgzavrebis Semdeg persesiigdebs xelSi samefo xelisuflebas, mogvianebiT samSobloSi mxcovanasakSi dabrunebuli aieti xdeba qveynis mmarTveli, amaSi mas qaliSvilida berZeni SviliSvili gauweven daxmarebas (5. 685-7).169

ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar mivaqcioT erT garemoebas, razecflakusi sxvaTa Soris migviTiTebs. persess surs, Tavi ise moaCvenosargonavtebs, rom Zalian Sestkiva guli qveynis bedis gamo da sworedamitom upirispirdeba aiets, Tumca poemidan isic Cans, rom Zmebs erTmaneTTanmanamdec daZabuli urTierToba hqondaT. persesi jer kidev maSinagrovebda saomar Zalebs Zmis winaaRmdeg, vidre aieti sabediswero gadawyvetilebasmiiRebda. orive Zma eswrafvis samefo xelisuflebas. persesiki kicxavs qalRmerTebs, rom umtyunes da sabolood misi damarcxebiTdamTavrda omi, Tumca iupiteris misnobidan cxadad Cans, rom ZaladobiTmopovebuli Zalaufleba xangrZlivi ver iqneba. kavkasusi flakusis mixedviT, kavkasusi kolxi mwyemsia. roca igi Cveulebisamebrmamiseul faras mwyemsavda, md. fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa Tidrusi;mSoblebi TavianT vaJs amis gamo `fasisis msaxurs~ uwodebdnen (6. 639-43);kavkasusis saxeli ukavSirdeba mTas, romelsac am mwyemsis mixedviTkavkasosi ewoda da am mTis eponimad moiazreboda, cnobas amis SesaxebplutarqosTan vxvdebiT, saxelis etimologiaze ufro dawvrilebiTmomdevno TavSi vimsjelebT (Plut. fluv. 5, 3). 258 fasisi fasisi mdinaris RmerTia. misi satrfoa kavkasieli nimfa aia. siyvarulisgangaxelebuli fasisi aias damorCilebas lamobs, darcxveniliqalwuli iltvis mSobliur mTebSi gaSmagebuli RvTaebisgan, SeSinebulida Zal-Ronemixdili aia yris kaparWebs da mas sabolood fasisiimorCilebs Tavisi mZlavri talRebiT (5.425-428). flakusis mixedviT,fasisis da aias ambavi, sxva suraTebTan erTad, gamosaxuli iyokolxidaSi solis taZarSi (5. 407-454). savaraudod, berZnuli warmomavlobises miTi mxolod flakusTan figurirebs. saxeli fasisi ukavSirdebakolxidis cnobili mdinaris saxels. igi rogorc Cans, am mdinariseponimad gaiazreboda. 259258 Patsch, Caucasus mons, RE, III.2 1801.259 E. Diehl, Phasis, RE, XIX.2, 1886-1893; O. Lordkipahidze, Phasis. The River and the City in Colchis,Geographica Historica 15, Stuttgart 2000.170

medeas deda ra viciT medeas dedis Sesaxeb? yvelaze Zveli wyaro hesiode medeasdedas moixseniebs saxeliT ÆIduià (Hes. Teog. 958ff.), 260 dionisios skitobraqioniki hekates asaxelebs (Diod. IV 45). apolonios rodoselTan medeasada afsirtoss sxvadasxva deda hyavT: afsirtosi `Sva kavkasielma nimfamasterodiam manam, sanam [aieti] kanonier colad daisvamda Tetisisa daokeanis umcros asuls idias~ (III 242-244). aietis kanonieri coli kouridivhn... a[koitin ki aris idiia, medeas deda. apoloniosi mas poemaSi orjerasaxelebs da orive SemTxvevaSi Tan axlavs aiets ejk dÆ aujth; Eijdui'a davmarkiven Aijhvtao (III 269). meti mis Sesaxeb araferi viciT.flakusTan medeas deda saxeliT ar moixsenieba. marTalia, igipoemaSi mxolod erTxel Cndeba, Tumca misi sityva uTuod STabeWdilebasaxdens mkiTxvelze. aRsaniSnavia, rom flakusi did yuradRebas uTmobsojaxuri urTierTobebis gadmocemas, gamonakliss arc medeas dedawarmoadgens. sulisSemZvrelia scena, sadac mitovebuli deda emSvidobebaSvils da saSinlad ganicdis momxdar ambebs. igi dgas zRvasTan,gawvdili aqvs xelebi da mosTqvams. flakusi aRwers, rom masTan erTadtiris medeas da [qalkiope], mTeli kolxidis yvela sxva deda, qali dagogona (8. 141-2). miuxedavad amisa, amaT fonze kidev ufro mkafiod arisxazgasmuli medeas dedis simartove sityvebiT: extat sola (8. 143).ramdenadac misi sityva (8. 144-170), romelic 26 striqonisaganSedgeba, kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiTac aris saintereso, dawvrilebiTgadmovcemT mas.Sesaval nawilSi deda sTxovs Svils, ukan dabrundes: amisTvisCamoTvlis ramdenime mizezs. pirveli da yvelaze mTavari: kolxidaSiimyofebian misi axloblebi: àq arian Senianebi~ (hic turba tuorum / omnis, 145-146); misi mama `mama aRar brazobs Senze~ (iratus nondum pater, 146); àq arismSobliuri mxare (tellus, 146) da samefo taxti~ (sceptraque, 147); dedamiuTiTebs Svils, imaze, rom sakuTar qveyanaSi igi aris mefis asuli,ucxo mxareSi ki ra adgili unda daiWiros man inaqosel qalwulebs260 msgavsad aseve: Apoll. Rhod. III 243; Lycophr. 1024; Apollod. I 9, 23, 5; Cic. nat. deor. III 48; Hyg. fab. 25;ix.: Lesky, Medeia, RE, XV 1, 30.171

Soris rogorc ucxom (barbara, 148), rogor endoba igi aqavelebs martoucxo qveyanaSi, hpirdebian iq TavSesafars, elodeba igi qorwils?wamierad dedas sakiTar xvedrze fiqri ipyrobs da am momentSimedeas deda adamianur sisustes iCens, rodesac sakuTar Tavsac dastiris:`gana aseT siberes visurvebdi~ (150).savsebiT logikuria, rom amis Semdeg ubedurebis gamomwvevi mizezi– iasoni – axsendeba da ar erideba mis gakilvas: mzad aris gaanadgurosiasoni da ukan daibrunos Svili (150-153) àlbanel ufliswuls undamoeyvana colad medea da ara mas, sacodavi misi mSoblebi, peliassac ardauvalebia misTvis aseTi qurdoba, kolxebisaTvis moetacebina asulebi~.amis Semdeg naCvenebia, rom deda mzad aris, yvelaferi dauTmosucxoels, oRond Svili daibrunos: `gqondes sawmisi da waiRe yvelaferi,rac Cvens taZrebSia~ (153-157).kargad SevigrZnobT dedis umweobas, igi am momentSi kargadiazrebs, rom marto iasoni ar aris ubedurebaTa mizezi, rom medeas nebisgareSe ver ver imoqmedebda ucxoeli, amitom gons moegeba da kvlavnamdvil damnaSaves, medeas ubrundeba: `Tumca ras vadanaSaulebdaumsaxurebeli sayvedurebiT viRacas~ (159-161), misTvis xom aravisdauZalebia gaqceva ìs TviTon iltvis~ (ipsa fugit, 159).Semdgom misi zrunvis obieqti kvlav uSualod medeaa (162-170),sagulisxmoa, rom aq medeas uwodebs infelix (160), rogorc odnav zemoTabsirtusi moixsenieba (infelix frater, 136). deda aRwers Svilis grZnobebs dananobs, rom Tavis droze ver miuxvda Svils, Tu rogor itanjeboda(...redeunt nam singula menti, 160). rogor warmoidgenda, rom gaqcevazedaTanxmdeboda medea (...talem paterere fugam, 167). deda Svilis saqcielsafasebs rogorc nefas (159, 168) da yvelaze saintereso rac aris, racmedeas dedis mimarT simpaTiiT gangvawyobs: deda Svilis siyvarulis gamomzad aris borotmoqmedebaSi masTan Tanaziari iyos, mzad aris gaiRosmsxverpli Svilis bednierebis gamo (...commune fuisset / aut certe nunc omne nefasiremus et ambae / in quascumque vias? 167-169).medeas deda garkveulwilad alkimedes mogvagonebs. Cven esonisa daalkimedes SvilTan damokidebulebaze ukve dawvrilebiT vimsjeleT, aqmxolod ramdenime niSandobliv paralelze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas.172

iasonis da argonavtebis gamgzavrebis Semdeg dedebis moTqma ismis,mamebis gulebi SeZrulia increscunt matrum gemitus et fortia languent / corda patrum,longis flentes amplexibus haerent (1. 315-316). maT fonze alkimedes xma yvelasaWarbebs vox tamen Alcimedes planctus supereminet omnis (317). saSineli tkivili dauzomo siyvarulia gadmocemuli iasonisadmi mimarTul sityvaSi (320-334),alkimede aris furens (318) deda, romelic garkveulwilad egoistia da veregueba Svilis wasvlas. misi sicocxle maSin damTavrda, rodesac iasonigaemgzavra ...sat caeli patiens, cum prima per altum / vella dedit (765-6).aqve gvaxsendeba peliasi, romelic miuxedavad Tavisi mrisxanebisada tiraniisa, saTuTi grZnobebiT aRsavse mamaa, romelic uzomodganicdis akastusis wasvlas, is xom iasonma daiyolia, gayoloda SoreullaSqrobaSi, raTa sxva mSoblebis msgavsad, peliasic datanjuliyo.uzomoa misi risxva saevit atrox Pelias (700). akastusis samyofelSi zRurblzeaganrTxmuli da misi vaJis nakvalevs kocnis quin etiam in thalamisprimoque in limine Acasti / fusus humo iuvenis gressus et inania signa / ore premit (709-711).SemZvrelia sityvebi, sadac uzomo tkivilia gadmocemuli (713-721). ammomentSi mwifdeba misi gadawyvetileba, saSinlad gauswordes iasonismamas, riTac esonids samagieros miuzRavs ...'sunt hic etiam tua vulnera, praedo, /sunt lacrimae carusque parens!'...(723-4).rogorc zemoTqmulidan Cans, medeas dedis sityva uaRresad sainteresodwarmogviCens am saxes da, meore mxriv, igi kompoziciuradackravs poemas da eTanxmeba Cvens Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac,flakusis àrgonavtika~ rva wignisagan unda yofiliyo Semdgari. pirvelwignSi gadmocemuli alkimedes iasonTan 261 da peliasis akastusTanganSorebis scenebi garkveul struqturul msgavsebas gviCveneben mervewignSi warmodgenil ambebTan; Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom medeasdedis figura arcerT flakusamdel da arc flakusis SemdgomdroindelwyaroSi ar figurirebs, flakusis mier Seqmnili saxe kidev ufro didmniSvnelobas iZens, riTac kidev erTxel SeiZleba xazi gaesvas mismiswrafebas, tradiciul miTSi Seitanos siaxle ara mxolod ama Tu imepizodis, aramed àxali~ personaJebis eqponirebis doneze.261 iasonis dedasTan dakavSirebiT ix.: P. Dräger, Iasons Mutter. Wandlung von einer griechischenHeroine zu einer römischen Matrona, Hermes 123, 1995, 470-89.173

3. miTologiuri tradiciisaTvis ucnobi personaJebi (nimfa aia,medeas ZiZa henioxe, aietisa da persesis mokavSireebi, skviTebisa da kolxebisomSi monawile meomrebi).aRsaniSnavia, rom flakusTan miTologiuri tradiciiT sakmaodkargad cnobili personaJebis garda gvxvdeba axali personaJebi,romlebic pirvelad mxolod masTan dasturdebian. Tu elementarulstatistikur dakvirvebas movaxdenT, erTi mxriv, apolonios rodoselisàrgonavtikaze~ da, meore mxriv, valerius flakusis eposze, aRmoCndeba,rom apolonios rodoselTan daaxloebiT kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli 23personaJi gvxvdeba, valerius flakusTan ki 110-mde, romelTagan 79figura aietisa da persesis omis epizodSia CarTuli. 262 gansxvavebasakmaod TvalsaCinoa. Cndeba kiTxva: vin arian es personaJebi da riTiaris ganpirobebuli maTi aseTi masStaburi gaCena valerius flakusTan.Cven ukve dawvrilebiT vimsjeleT skviTebisa da kolxebis omisfunqciasa da arsze; Zmebs Soris momxdari omi, romelic naklebad iyodamuSavebuli berZnul wyaroebSi, flakusma ostaturad daukavSirakolxidaSi ganviTarebul ambebTan; am omis winare istoriisa damsvlelobis gadmocemas, rogorc zemoT ukve vnaxeT, sakmaod didiadgili eTmoba masTan. aSkarad TvalSi sacemia, rom flakusi poemisdasawyisisTanave axdens omis Temis intensifikacias, SeiZleba iTqvas, rompirveli striqonebidanve saTanadod amzadebs mkiTxvelSi Sesabamisganwyobas: dawyebuli argos suraTebis aRweriT, sadac lapiTebisa dakentavrebis brZolaa asaxuli, lemnoseli qalebis mier mamakacebzeangariSsworebis detaluri aRweriT, kizikusis Ramis Serkinebisa dasaSineli xocva-Jletis ilustrirebiT, damTavrebuli kolxidis omisperipetiebis gadmocemiT. bunebrivia, am àxali~ siuJetebisaTvis flakussdasWirdeboda, gamoegonebina axali personaJebi, romelTac e. w. fsevdomiTologiuriSegviZlia vuwodoT. maTi umravlesoba, rogorc ukveaRiniSna, aietisa da persesis omSi aris CarTuli da am movlenasTandakavSirebiT eqsponirebuli.262 calke jgufad unda gamoiyos is personaJebi, romlebic uSualod omTan ar ariandakavSirebulni: a. m., kolxi nimfa aia (5.424), medeas ZiZa henioxe (5.357), nimfebi – sinope(5.109) da pevke (8.256) da a.S.174

flakusi mowinaaRmdege mxareTa eqsponirebas gansxvavebulad axdens;igi, bunebrivia, omis yvela monawileze ar amaxvilebs yuradRebas, gansakuTrebiTgamohyofs ramdenime sardals, rogorc aietis, aseve persesislaSqridan; kolxebis laSqars absirtusi sardlobs; sul aietismxardamWerTa Soris saxeliT moxseniebulia 32 meomari 263 , romelTagan 2albanelia, 5 amaZoni, 7 mokavSire, romelTa warmomavlobac ucnobia, 1parTeli da 17 kolxi. amas emateba dasaxmareblad mzadmyofi argonavtTalaSqari.aietis mxardamWerTa Soris flakusi gansakuTrebiT gamoarCevs mis7 mokavSires, 264 romlebic jer kidev mexuTe wignSi, samefo karisaRwerisas arian dasaxelebulni da aietis nadimze eqsponirebulni (5.567-614), rac homerosis e. w. `teiqoskopias~ mogvagonebs. 265 warmodgenilia 7sardali motique ad proelia reges: 266 karmeiusi, aroni, kampesusi, odrusa,iaqsartesi, latagusi, xoaspesi. 267 aRsaniSnavia, rom arc erTTan dakavSirebiTflakusi ar azustebs maT warmomavlobas. mxolod garegnuliniSnebiTa da pirovnuli TvisebebiT warmogvidgens TiToeul maTgans.bunebrivia, isini saomrad arian Camosulni kolxidaSi, amitomTvalSisacemia maTi saerTo saomari ganwyobileba: karmeiusi dRe-niadagsagmiro saqmeebze fiqrobs da mudmiv saomar mzadyofnaSia, mouTmenladeswrafvis omis dawyebas (5.578-580; 582-584). iaqsartesi imdenad TavdajerebuliaTavis ZlevamosilebaSi, rom TviT RmerTebisac ki ar eSinia. aietimas amarTlebs, radgan igi yovelTvis asrulebs micemul sityvas da umetesadsaomari saqmeebiT aris dakavebuli. misi SiSiT ZrZwian getebi,medebi, mTeli iberia (5.596-604). aronTan dakavSirebiT flakusi xazsusvams mis simdidres, Tavze zrunvis moments: aroni mdidaria da Wreli263am SemTxvevaSi gvainteresebs kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebi da arvgulisxmobT argonavtebsac, romlebic, bunebrivia, aseve aietis mxareze ibrZvian.264 Sdr. J. Adamietz, 1976, 79-80; E. Lüthje, 1971, 231-232; J. E. Shelton, 1971, 320-322; E. Shreeves, 1979,162f.265Sdr. Hom. Il. 3.161ff. gansxvaveba is aris, rom aieti da nadimze miwveuli iasoniaTvaliereben TavianT da ara mowinaaRmdegis mokavSireebs.266flakusi aseTi TanamimdevrobiT warmogvidgens aietis mxares: Tavdapirveladdasaxelebulni arian argonavtebi [iasoni, eakusis vaJebi: pelevsi da telamoni dakalidonis vaJebi: tidevsi da meleagrusi], Semdgom damxmare sardlebi da bolosamaZonebi [maTi meTauri evriale].267sainteresoa teilor-brijsis dakvirveba, am sardlebis saxelebi TavianTiTanamimdevrobis mixedviT (karmeiusi, aroni, kampesusi, odrusa, iaqsartesi) qmnianakrostiqs cacoi (kakoiv) (P.R. Taylor-Briggs, Valerius' Flavian Argonautica. CQ 44, 1994, 212-35).175

suraTebiT moqarguli mosasxamiT ipyrobs mnaxvelTa yuradRebas. misimeomrebi zafranis surnels afrqveven da mowesrigebuli varcxnilobiTgamoirCevian (5.590-592), maT xuWuWa Tma aqvT. aroni amasTanave ubadlomeomaria, absirtusis mxardamxar ibrZvis da mas ar CamouvardebasimamaciT (6.524). kampesusi vefxvis tyaviT aris mosili (5.593), rac,savaraudod, imaze miuTiTebs, rom is, albaT, ubadlo monadirea. odrusasxva mokavSireTa Soris Tmiani gul-mkerdiTa da xSiri wveriT gamoirCeva,aseve iqcevs yuradRebas Rvinis siyvaruliT, rasac iasoni gancvifrebaSimohyavs (5.593-595). latagusi (5.584) da xoaspesi (5.584-586) aRfrTovanebisRirsni arian. xoaspesi moixsenieba epiTetiT `mdinaris Sobili~ amnigena,rac, SesaZloa, mis RvTiur warmomavlobaze miuTiTebdes. 268 roca aietiiasons am mokavSires warudgens, igi Tavisi saomari cxenis sisxlsSeeqceva, Tumca cxeni amis gamo sulac ar uZlurdeba da kvlavacmkvircxlad miaWenebs xolme Tavis mxedars; aqve ar SeiZleba araRiniSnos, rom iasonis mSoblebi xaris sisxlis SesmiT iklaven Tavs,xoaspess ki cxenis sisxli verafers aklebs, rac mis uCveulogamZleobaze metyvelebs. 269zemoT Tqmuli rom SevajamoT, miviRebT tipuri kavkasielisganzogadebul suraTs: meomari, monadire, mkacri pirobebis amtani, Rvinismoyvaruli; garegnuli Strixebi: TmaxuWuWa (herodotosis miniSnebaegviptur warmomavlobaze) da WarbTmiani. vfiqrobT, rom flakusi sworedamitom ar miiCnevs saWirod, uSualod gansazRvros maTi warmomavloba,aramed am personaJebis saxiT kavkasielTa ganzogadebul tips gvTavazobs.eTnikuri warmomavlobis dazustebis gareSec mkiTxvels mSvenivradeqmneba warmodgena kolxebis mezoblebis Sesaxeb.persesis laSqari ufro STambeWdavia, aq flakusi intensiuradamaxvilebs yuradRebas maT mravalricxovnebaze: persesis mxarezewarmodgenilia 47 saxeldebuli meomari, romelTagan 1 kimerielia, 1iazigi, 1 geti, 2 iberieli, 4 hirkanieli da 38 skviTi. amaTgan 18 eqsponirebuliaomis dasawyisSi persesis dasaxmareblad daZrul laSqarSi e. w.`skviTebis katalogSi~ (6.42-170).268 Sdr. fasisi (5.425-428), Tidrusi (6.639).269 cnoba am Cveulebis Sesaxeb sxva antikur avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.176

vidre flakusi skviTebsa da kolxebs Soris gamarTul omisaRweraze gadavidodes, mas win umZRvarebs skviTebis katalogs 270 , sadacigi calkeul sardals da xalxs CamoTvlis, romelTagan nawilibrZolis scenebSic aris eqsponirebuli, nawili ki oden katalogSimoxsenieba. 271 katalogis Seqmnisas valeriusi garkveulwilad homeross (Il.2. 494-779 e. w. xomaldTa katalogi) 272 da vergiliuss (Aen. 6. 37-40; Aen. 7.643-817) mihyveba, Tumca misi katalogi udavod imaze miuTiTebs, romkatalogis formirebis procesSi poeti axerxebs vergiliusiseuli dahomerosiseuli stilisa da mxatvruli xerxebis Serwymas. vergiliusiitalebis katalogis warmodgeniT miznad isaxavs, aqcenti Zveliitaliidan Tanamedroveobaze gadaitanos. valeriuss vergiliusisagangansxvavebuli midgoma aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi flaviusTasaimperatoro kars akavSirebs miTosTan, romis imperias, romaelebiseqspansias britaneTze, okeanis daZlevas da vespasianes militaristulqmedebebs adarebs argonavtebis mier sazRvao gzis gaxsnas da maT saomarqmedebebs, 273 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tipologiuri kavSiri miTossa daTanadroulobas Soris, rogorc es èneidaSia~ laciumis omis meSveobiTwarmodgenili, flakusTan ar dasturdeba. 274 flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~skviTebi warmoadgenen aziis wamyvan Zalas, romlebic aietis momxreargonavtebis winaaRmdeg ibrZvian da, amdenad, isini upirispirdebiansaberZneTs, anu aRmosavleTi upirispirdeba dasavleTs.270 epikur katalogebTan dakavSirebiT lukanusamde ix.: J. Gaßner, Kataloge im römischen Epos.Vergil - Ovid - Lucan, Diss. München, Augsburg 1972, 5-24, 159-162; lukanusis katalogTandakavSirebiT ix.: L. Eckhardt, Exkurse und Ekphraseis bei Lucan, Diss. Heidelberg 1936, 26-29; W.Kühlmann, Katalog und Erzählung. Studien zu Konstanz und Wandel einer literarischen Form in der antiken Epik,Diss. Freiburg/Br. 1973, 166f. 239f.271 katalogis mizani ZiriTadad emsaxureba imas, rom warmoadginos calkeuli gmiri,romelic Semdeg brZolaSi iqneba eqsponirebuli. skviTebis katalogSi dasaxelebuligmirebisagan da xalxebisagan brZolebSi kvlav gvxvdebian: anavsisi (6.42-47; 265-278),kolaqsesi (48-59; 621-656), avxusi (60-64; 619f.), sienesi (74-78; 703-705), falkesi (88-94; 245;553f.), ariasmenusi (103-105; 386-426), drangebi (106-113; 507f.), iberielebi (120f.; 507f.), iazigebianu gesanderi (122-128; 279-385), eqsomatebi (143-149; 569), sarmatebi (162; 231-264).272 r. gordeziani, ìliada~ da egeosuri mosaxleobis istoriisa da eTnogenezissakiTxebi, Tbilisi 1970, 10-87: homerosidan moyolebuli epikuri tradiciis TanaxmadkatalogSi moxsenebuli yvela gmiri ar aris SemdgomSi kvlav eqsponirebuli dapiriqiT.273 P. Schenk, 1999, 183.274 P. Schenk, 1999, 184.177

saWirod migvaCnia, gansakuTrebiT SevaCeroT yuradReba katalogisstruqturaze. katalogs aerTianebs ori Tema: oqros sawmisi da medea. aqCamoTvlili arian mniSvnelovani gmirebi, romelTagan nawili omisscenebSic aris eqsponirebuli, aseve mravali Crdilo-kavkasieli tomi da,rig SemTxvevaSi, maTi adaT-wesebi; sayuradReboa is faqti, rom am wes-CveulebaTa umetesobas, romlebic wyaroebSi am regionSi mcxovreb sxvatomebTan dakavSirebiT dasturdeba, flakusi skviTebs usadagebs. rogorcdetaluri analizi cxadyofs, poeti katalogis formirebisas gverdsuvlis vergiliusis princips da ufro metad mogvagonebs lukanuss,romelic cdilobs, garkveuli wesrigi Seitanos meomarTa TvaluwvdenelsimravleSi (Luc. 1. 392-465, 3. 169-297), amas, rogorc Cven qvemoT vnaxavT,axerxebs flakusic skviTebis katalogSi, sadac aSkarad SeiniSnebastruqturuli dayofis elementebi.kompoziciuri analizi gviCvenebs, rom skviTebis katalogi samTanabar monakveTad aris dayofili. striqonebis moculoba samsavemonakveTSi daaxloebiT Tanabaria. 275 am TvalsazrisiT katalogis samsavemonakveTSi gansxvavebuli suraTi gvaqvs: katalogis pirvel nawilSi winaplanzea wamoweuli (6. 42-80) calkeuli gmiri Tu sardali. isini an martomidian saomrad (6. 68f.) an romelime tomTan erTad 276 ; meore nawilSieqsponirebulia sxvadasxva tomi, zog SemTxvevaSi maTi meTaurisTanxlebiT (6. 80-121). aq ufro metad gvxvdeba am tomebTan dakavSirebulieTnografiuli Tu geografiuli informacia; 277 katalogis mesame nawilikvlav sxva suraTs gviCvenebs: flakusi koncentracias axdens xalxebiswarmodgenaze, romelTa CamoTvlas igi, upirveles yovlisa, eTnogra-275 pirveli monakveTi (6.42-80) 38 striqons Seadgens, meore (6. 80-121) – 42 striqons damesame (6. 121-162) – aseve 42 striqons.276 es aris warmodgenili zmnebiT: miserat (6.42), ostentat (61), movet (70), expulit (79), aseve ductor(48), quem circum (66), cum gente (74); zmnebis funqciisaTvis katalogSi Sdr. W. Kühlmann, 1973,304.277 6.80-87: warmodgenilia xuTi tomi; 6.88-94: falkesi – koralebi; 6.95-98: batarnebi –tevtagonusi; 6.99-103: xalxebi, romlebic alaZonTan saxloben; 6.103-105: ariasmenusi,romelic ganzrax aris Casmuli am segmentis centralur nawilSi; 6.106-113: drangebi dakaspiadebi; 6.114-119: vanusi, hirkanielebi da indebi; 6.120f.: iberiis xalxebi otakesis dalatrisis meTaurobiT; Sesabamisad aris ganawilebuli zmnebic: expulit (6.79), agit (6.88),duce (6.97), ferentem (6.104), ducit (6.114) da agunt (6.121) miemarTeba monakveTs, sadac xalxiwarmodgenilia sardliT. gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic damoukidebel moqmedebas gviCveneben,miemarTeba xalxebs: traxere (6.81), linquitur (6.84), ruunt (6.86), ferit (6.99) da insequitur (6.106).geografiuli da eTnografiuli cnobebi warmodgenilia Semdgom striqonebSi: 6.81-83, 85,90-94, 100f. 107-113. dawvrilebiT ix.: P. Schenk, 1999.178

fiuli cnobebiT avrcobs (6. 121-162). Sesabamisad, katalogis damasrulebelnawilSi ZiriTadi aqcenti gadatanilia ama Tu im xalxisdaxasiaTebaze. 278 monakveTebis gamosayofad flakusi iSveliebs specialurzmnebs, kavSirebs da nawilakebs striqonis dasawyisSi. 279axla ufro detalurad: skviTebis katalogis dasawyiss flakusigansakuTrebiT gamohyofs.anavsisi (6.42-47) pirveli sardalia, romelsac flakusi gamoTqmiTiam pridem (6.43) drois TvalsazrisiTac wamyvan rols akisrebs;Semdeg dasaxelebulia kolaqsesi, romelsac Tan axlavs bisaltebislegioni (proxima); kolaqsesis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia misRvTiur warmomavlobaze. igi iupiterisa da horas Svilia, romelic mwvanemirakes da tibisusis axlos iSva (6.48-59). aq mniSvnelovania erTigaremoeba: miuxedavad imisa, rom TviT iupiteria kolaqsesis mama, igimainc umweoa, aaridos Tavis Zes sikvdili (6.621ff.).rigiT mesame (6.60-64) adgilze saxeldeba avxusi kimerielebTanerTad (tertius). avxusis Sesaxeb is viciT, rom is qurumia.darapsi da datisi, konteqstidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa mama-SviladgaviazroT. 280 darapsi sparselebTan brZolebSi miRebuli WrilobebiTitanjeba da amitom kolxidaSi saomrad agzavnis datiss (6. 65-66), Tumca,mogvianebiT TviTonac iRebs monawileobas omSi. datiss Tan axlavsbrZolis JiniT anTebuli gangaridebi da meomrebi, romlebic gerusTan(md. skviTiaSi) da bikesis tbasTan saxloben.amis Semdeg flakusi CamoTvlis sam sardals (anqsuri, sidoni,radalusi); maT SemTxvevaSi igi ar gamokveTs individualur Strixebs.278 Sdr. eruis (6.131), doctus...spargere et adducere (132f.), iungit (143), secuti (143), ibant (160). pirvelisegmentisgan gansxvavebiT (42-80) reducirebulia viRacis moqmedebaSi moyvanis zmnebi.zmnebi impulit (150) da sollicitat (156) ar Seesabameba monacemebs, ramdenadac kentorebs daxoaTrebs amoZravebT velleris ardor (150) da koastesi medeas jadoqrobiT aris motivirebuli(156f.). poetis gamosvliT (135: silebo) warmoCenilia Tirsagetebis gansakuTrebulimdgomareoba, rac bakxusis CarTviT aris gaZlierebuli, Tumca mas aq ar aqvs uSualodam omTan kavSiri, oden moixsenieba miTologiur eqskursSi, rac exmianeba iupiterisapostrofs (1.565-567).279 Sdr. Arg. 6. 42: miserat; 68: non defuit; 74: movit et; 84: linquitur; 106: insequitur; 114: ducit; 143: iungit; 150:impulit; 160: ibant; 48: proxima; 60: tertius; 79: quin et; 88: hos super; 95: ast ubi; 99: nec procul; 103: te; 129: hicet; 134: non ego.280 motivi roca mama omSi agzavnis Svils Sdr. vergiliusi (Aen.2.87) da piriqiT, rocamisani mama cdilobs omSi daifaros Tavisi vaJi (Aen.10.417). es motivi flakusTanacgvxvdeba: misani akvitesi cdilobs mZime xvedri aaridos Tavis vaJs kirnuss (Arg.6. 294-316).179

erTaderTi informacia, rasac poeti gvawvdis, aris is, rom sidoni daradalusi Zmebi arian. maT momaval xvedrzec arafers ambobs avtori.am informaciuli simwiris fonze, flakuss Semohyavs erT-erTiskviTi sardali, romelsac friqsuss arqmevs. flakusi gangeb irCevs amsaxels, raTa gamoafxizlos mkiTxveli da am saxelis aqtivaciiTmoagonos mas oqros sawmisi da mTavari motivi, risTvisac imarTeba omi.aq mas Semoaqvs kidev erTi atributi: akesinel mebrZolebs, romelTacfriqsusi meTaurobs, maRal Wolokze aRmarTuli priala bewviani daoqrosrqebiani furis 281 gamosaxuleba miuZRvis win. fur-iremi naRvliania,radgan ver axerxebs kvlav mrisxane dianas WalaSi dabrunebas. aqalegoriulad miniSnebaa imaze, rom oqros sawmisi didxans ver darCebamarsis WalaSi, flakusi kvlav im avbediT misnobas Segvaxsenebs ominefatidicae ...cervae (6.70), romelsac mexuTe wignSi warmosTqvams friqsusisaCrdili.friqsusi mecxre sardalia katalogSi da amis Semdeg valeriusikidev 9 sardlis eqsponirebas axdens. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom katalogSimoxseniebuli bolo anu 18-e sardali koastesi, iseve rogorc pirveli,swored medeasTan aris dakavSirebuli. koastesi, romelic kolxidaSixoaTrebTan da kentorebTan erTad moiswrafvis. koastesi medeaTi arisdainteresebuli (6. 155-7). aSkarad niSandoblivia am personaJis saxelissemantikac, SesaZloa flakusi mas awarmoebdes berZnuli formativisgankw'a" `sawmisi~; Sesabamisad, kvlav am ori simbolos: medeas da sawmisisxsenebiT flakusi kompoziciuradac kravs da amTlianebs katalogs.rac Seexeba danarCen sardlebs, sienesi hileel mebrZolebTanerTad aris warmodgenili. is ori ramiT iqcevs yuradRebas: persesi masTviTon aRazevebs saomrad, aCvenebs ra aietisgan miyenebul Wrilobebs. amsardals piradi motivi ki ar amoZravebs brZolaSi Casabmelad, aramedhumanuri. aseve sagulisxmoa, rom igi sastikad uswordeba omSi parTelelCs (6. 703), romelic medeas erT-erTi xelismTxovnelia (6.691-694).281fur-iremi, rogorc dianas atributi, homerosidan moyolebuli farTod arisdadasturebuli (Hom. Od. VI, 102), magram es tradicia da masTan dakavSirebuli miTic,razec flakusi migvaniSnebs, savaraudod, misi gamogonili unda iyos; Sdr. (Plut. Sert. 11).180

hirkanielebis sardali kirisi (6. 80) yuradRebas iqcevs TavisiwarmomavlobiT. epiTetiT Titanius flakusi xazs usvams mis RvTiurwarmomavlobas.rac Seexeba falkess, igi katalogSi oden dasaxelebiT amowuravsmisias, Tumca mogvianebiT batalur scenebSi kvlav gvxvdeba. sagulisxmoa,rom mas brZolis velze eolidi friqsusis vaJi, argusi Camoagdebscxenidan (6.554).tevtagonusi meTaurobs batarnebs, romlebic SeiaraRebulni ariandaumuSavebeli saqonlis tyavis farebiTa da Tanabarzomieri maxvilebiT.gamoTqmiT in se trahit Aea batarnas (6.96) flakusi kvlav gvaxsenebs Zmebs Sorisamtydar oms.ariasmenusTan dakavSirebiT win aris wamoweuli ori faqtori: 1.poeti uSualod mimarTavs mas (6.103) da 2. moxseniebulia misi sabrZolonamglebiani etli (6.104f.). umamacesi meomari palasis Carevis SedegadsakuTari etlidan gadmovardnili kvdeba (6.423-426).vanusi hirkanieli wminda misani da aedia. skviTiis sami Taobaismenda misgan ambebs minielTa da argos xomaldis Sesaxeb. misi rCevebiTsargeblobdnen indoelebi, asbWiani Tebes da mTeli panqaias mkvidrni (6.115-119). am personaJiT flakusi kvlav aaqtiurebs Tavisi poemis mTavarmotivs.amis Semdeg flakuss Semohyavs ori sardali latrisi da otakesi,romlebic arc katalogSi gamoirCevian da arc Semdgom brZolebSi arianeqsponirebulni. mas gangeb gadaaqvs aqcenti im eTnikur erTeulebze,romelTa xvedriTi wona sakmaod didia katalogis daskvniT nawilSi.katalogis daskvniT nawilSi ki poeti CamoTvlis sxvadasxva toms:iazigebs, mikeebs, Tirsagetebs, eqsomatebs, torinebs, satarxebs,kentorebs, xoaTrebs, balonitebs, sarmatebs.es rac Seexeboda aietisa da persesis momxreebs, amaT garda poemaSisxva mravali personaJic gvxvdeba, romelTagan umetesoba, flakusis Tanaxmad,TavianTi warmomavlobiT kavkasiasTan arian dakavSirebulni. aqedanveunda aRiniSnos, rom arcerTi maTgani ar aris mTavari personaJi,romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs siuJetis ganviTarebaSi, rac kidev181

ufro zrdis imis albaTobas, rom poetma isini gamoigona. Tumca gvxvdebaramdenime mniSvnelovani axali personaJic, romelTa meSveobiTacflakusi Sida kavkasiur urTierTobebs warmoaCens.Tavdapirvelad SevecadoT, davajgufoT yvela es e. w. fsevdomiTologiuripersonaJi garkveul kategoriebad, ramdenadac maT mimarTTviTon avtors diferencirebuli damokidebuleba gaaCnia. personaJTagannawils statistis funqcia aqvs, nawili Cveulebriv statistebs aRematebamaTze mowodebuli informaciis moculobiT; gansakuTrebiT sainteresoais jgufi, romelSic avtori cdilobs, ukve esa Tu is moqmedi pirimeorexarisxovani personaJis donemde aamaRlos. amas igi aRwevs ramdenimesaSualebiT: 1. poemis moqmedebaSi personaJis mravalgzisi CarTviT; 2. gmirisSesaxeb mowodebuli informaciis intensifikaciiT (poeti ar ifarglebamxolod personaJis warmomavlobisa da vinaobis warmodgeniT, aramedmas siuJetis ganviTarebis logikis Sesabamisad damatebiT funqciasacakisrebs). amdenad, is mTavari kriteriumi, romliTac ganisazRvrebaama Tu im personaJis mniSvnelovneba, aris misi konkretul situaciaSieqsponirebis xarisxi Tu intensivoba. qvemoT warmodgenili personaJebi amkriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian dajgufebulni.3.1. statistebigasakviri ar aris, rom brZolis scenebSi warmodgenil gmirTaumravlesoba mxolod erTxel aris moxseniebuli. zogierTi maTganiSeiZleba metjerac iyos dasaxelebuli, Tumca es arsebiTad ar zrdis amgmiris mniSvnelovnebas. maT Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia mxolod aseTitipis monacemebiT ifargleba: isini an klaven mowinaaRmdeges, an TviTonxdebian msxverplni.a). A klavs B-sambenusi – skviTi mebrZoli. igi kolx okrevss xis moriT dakvriTmouRebs bolos brZolaSi (6.250-251).kaspiusi – skviTi mebrZoli. igi brZolaSi TmaSi wvda aiel monesessda mokla (6. 189-192).kremedoni – albaneli mebrZoli. igi brZolis velze skviT karesussmouswrafebs sicocxles (6. 194).182

). A-s klavs Bamastrusi – skviTi mebrZoli. friqsusis vaJis, argusis miergangmiruli aResruleba brZolis velze (6. 554-556).apresi – kolxi mebrZoli. qveiT SerkinebaSi klavs iupiteris Ze,kolaqsesi (6. 638).arinesi – kolxi mebrZoli. aResruleba iupiteris Zis, kolaqsesismier (6. 638).barisasi – skviTi mebrZoli. klavs boreasis vaJi, minieli kalaisi(6. 557).dipsasi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas skviTi karesusi klavs (6. 192).zakorusi – skviTi mebrZoli. mas da falkess brZolaSi friqsusisvaJi argusi Camoagdebs cxenidan (6.554).zetesi // Zetesi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas darapsi sicocxlesmouswrafebs (6.572).idasmenusi – skviTi mebrZoli. brZolaSi friqsusis vaJi melasiSubiT daWris kefaSi (6. 196-99).ironi – skviTi mebrZoli. brZolaSi ferdSi piliuri SubiT daiWra(6. 201-2).keramnusi – skviTi mebrZoli. mas mkerdSi sasikvdilo dartymiTgangmiravs iasoni (6. 550).monesesi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas skviTi kaspiusi TmaSi wvda damokla (6. 189-192).oebasusi – kolxi mebrZoli. igi cdilobs, saSiS mters, falkessTavi moaridos, Tumca skviTi meomari mas marcxena TvalTan miayenebsWrilobas (6. 244-7).okrevsi – kolxi mebrZoli. mas skviTi ambenusi xis moriT mouRebsbolos (6. 250-251).olbusi – kolxi mebrZoli. klavs iupiteris Ze, kolaqsesi (6. 638).prioni – geteli meomari. iasoni mouswrafebs sicocxles (6. 619).rindakusi – skviTi mebrZoli. oebalidi poluqsis xeliT esalmebasicocxles.183

strimoni – kolxi mebrZoli. skviTi karesusi jer kolx dipsassgauswordeba, xolo Semdgom strimonsac klavs (6. 192-4).suetesi – skviTi mebrZoli. yelSi sasikvdilo dartymas ayenebsiasoni (6. 550).hipetaoni – kolxi mebrZoli. iupiteris Ze kolaqsesi klavs (6. 637).g). aq SegviZlia gavaerTianoT is statistebi, romlebic zemoTdasaxelebul or qvejgufSi ver xvdebian da maTi xvedri garkveulvariacias gviCvenebs:A cdilobs moklas B, magram SemTxveviT Tu RmerTebis nebiT kvdebaCleqsanori – skviTi mebrZoli. leqsanori cdilobs iasonis mokvlas,rac medeas SeSfoTebas iwvevs, Tumca gangebis wyalobiT, mis miergatyorcnili isari kolx kaikuss gangmiravs (6. 686).A klavs B-s, TviTon ki C-sgan kvdebakaresusi – skviTi mebrZoli. klavs kolx meomrebs: dipsassa dastrimons, TviTon mas ki albaneli kremedoni mouRebs bolos (6. 192-4).A kvdeba (ar aris dasaxelebuli, Tu vin klavs)onxevsi – skviTi mebrZoli. onxevsi brZolaSi cxens verimorCilebs, romelic pirdapir mowinaaRmdegis Subis sapirispirodmieqaneba. amaod cdilobs safrTxis Tavidan acilebas. cxeni mainc winmiiwevs, masTan erTad Tavzardacemuli mxedaric. is sabolood kargavsiaraRs (6. 256).sibotesi – kolxi mebrZoli. darwmunebulia Tavisi abjrissimtkiceSi, igeriebs skviTi ambenusis mier nasrol Subs, Tumca amaod, igisasikvdilod aris ganwiruli.A gadarCebaoxevsi da tiresi – skviTi mebrZolebi. flakusi skviT meomrebTandakavSirebiT mxolod imas aRniSnavs, rom maT arc ki uwyian, Tu vis undaumadlodnen TavianT keTil xvedrs, radgan friqsusis vaJi melasi SubiTgangmiravs idasmenuss (6. 196-99), oxevsi da tiresi ki, romlebicmaxloblad imyofebian, sikvdils gadaurCebian.184

3.2. elementarulad eqsponirebuli personaJebiudavod flakusis ostatobaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom igiyovelTvis cdilobs, gmirebi raRac gamorCeuli StrixebiT an raimetipis informaciiT dasamaxsovrebeli gaxados, poeti rig SemTxvevaSibrZolis peripetiebis asaxvisas iseT ambavs rTavs batalur scenebSi, rommkiTxvelis yuradRebas erTianad afxizlebs. am kategoriaSigaerTianebul personaJTa eqsponireba ramdenime gansxvavebuli gziTxdeba:a) aqcentirebulia mxolod gmiris warmomavloba da statusianqsuri – skviTi sardali. persesis mokavSire (6.68). dasaxelebuliasidonisa da radalusis gverdiT skviTebis katalogSi.radalusi da sidoni – skviTi sardlebi. Zmebi moixseniebianpersesis momxreTa Soris skviTebis katalogSi (6.69) sardal anqsurTanerTad.tevtagonusi – skviTi sardali. persesis mokavSire. meTaurobsbatarnebis toms, romlebic SeiaraRebulni arian daumuSavebeli saqonlistyavis farebiT (6. 97).darapsi da datisi – skviTi sardlebi. darapsi sparselebTanbrZolebSi miRebuli WrilobebiT itanjeba, amitom kolxidaSi saomradagzavnis datiss (6. 65-66). datiss Tan axlavs brZolis JiniT anTebuligangaridebi da meomrebi, romlebic gerusTan (md. skviTiaSi) da bikesistbasTan saxloben, Tumca mogvianebiT TviTon darapsic iRebsmonawileobas omSi. igi brZolis velze klavs Zetessa da lataguss (6.572).vanusi – hirkanieli wminda misani da aedi. hirkaniis mTebidan krebsjars persesis dasaxmareblad (6.114-115). skviTiis sami Taoba ismendamisgan ambebs minielTa da argos xomaldis Sesaxeb. misi rCevebiTsargeblobdnen asbWiani Tebes da mTeli panqaias mkvidrni (6. 115-119).kirisi – hirkanieli sardali, solis vaJi. persesis mokavSireTaSoris aris dasaxelebuli da mis dasaxmareblad hirkaniis Seupovarmeomrebs mouZRvis saomrad (6. 80). brZolis epizodSi eqsponirebuli araris.185

latrisi da otakesi – skviTi sardlebi. moixseniebian skviTebiskatalogSi persesis mokavSireTa Soris, meTauroben iberiis rCeulmeomrebs aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSi. arcerTi maTgani ar arisbrZolis epizodSi eqsponirebuli (6.120).falkesi – skviTi sardali. dasaxelebulia persesis momxreTaSoris. aietis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad igi xmauriT miuZRvis winSeiaraRebul meomrebs. eqsponirebulia brZolis drosac. kolxi oebasusicdilobs, mas Tavi moaridos, Tumca skviTi meomari kolxs marcxenaTvalTan miayenebs sasikvdilo Wrilobas (6. 244-7). sabolood, falkessfriqsusis vaJi, argusi Camoagdebs cxenidan (6. 554).b) warmomavlobis garda xazgasmulia gmiris piradi Rirseba, raimenakli, garegnoba, Cacmulobaaroni – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.misi vinaoba da garegnoba jer kidev omis dawyebamde aRZravs interessiasonSi. mdidari da Wreli suraTebiT moqarguli mosasxamiT ipyrobsucxoTa yuradRebas. aroni da misi meomrebi zafranis surnels afrqvevenda mowesrigebuli varcxnilobiT gamoirCevian (5. 590-591). amasTan erTadubadlo meomaria, absirtusis mxardamxar ibrZvis da mas ar CamouvardebasimamaciT (6. 524), misi maxviliT aResruleba skviTi mebrZoli armisi (6.530-541).iaqsartesi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.igi imdenad Tavdajerebulia Tavis ZlevamosilebaSi, rom TviTRmerTebisac ki ar eSinia. aieti iaqsartess amarTlebs, radgan igiyovelTvis asrulebs micemul sityvas da dRe da Rame omis saqmiT arisdakavebuli. misi SiSiT ZrZwian getebi, medebi, iberebi. igi uSualodbrZolis amsaxvel epizodSi eqsponirebuli ar aris (5. 596-604).kampesusi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.mxolod mis garegnul mxares aRwers: igi vefxvis tyaviT aris mosili (5.593). kampesuss persesis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mtris maxvili sasikvdilodgangmiravs TeZosa da sazardulSi (6. 243-4).karmeiusi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs,misi vinaoba omis dawyebamde aRZravs interess iasonSi. dRe-niadag186

sagmiro saqmeebze fiqrobs da mudmiv saomar mzadyofnaSia. mas Tanaxlavs meabjre da mouTmenlad eswrafvis omis dawyebas. uSualodbrZolis amsaxvel epizodSi eqsponirebuli ar aris (5. 578-8).latagusi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.mas da kolx Zetess skviTi darapsi klavs aietsa da persess SorisgamarTul omSi. latagusi gaqcevas cdilobs, Tumca darapsis maxvili massasikvdilod gangmiravs (6. 572-4).odrusa – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.sxva mokavSireTa Soris Tmiani gul-mkerdiTa da xSiri wveriT gamoirCeva,aseve iqcevs yuradRebas Rvinis siyvaruliT, rasac iasoni gancvifrebaSimohyavs. uSualod brZolis amsaxvel epizodSi eqsponirebuli ar aris (5.594-5).xoaspesi – aietis mokavSire. warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs.igi moixsenieba epiTetiT `mdinaris Sobili~ amnigenes (es epiTetipirvelad flakusTan gvxvdeba), rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom igi mdinarisRmerTis Zea. roca aieti iasons am mokavSires warudgens, xoaspesi Tavisisaomari cxenis sisxls Seeqceva, Tumca cxeni amis gamo sulac aruZlurdeba da kvlavac mkvircxlad miaWenebs xolme (cnoba im CveulebisSesaxeb sxva antikur avtorebTanac dasturdeba) (5. 584-6).evriale – aietis mokavSire amaZoni mebrZoli qali, sxva amaZonebTan(like, Toe, harpe da menipe) erTad ibrZvis kolxebis mxareze. iasonTansaubarSi aieti aRniSnavs, rom mas sakuTar qaliSvilebSi ar gamoarCevs(5. 614), yvela aRtacebaSi mohyavs mis abjar-iaraRs, aieti saguldagulodaRwers mis aRkazmulobas (5. 611-613). roca iazigebis sardali gesanderiargonavt kanTuss gangmiravs, mis gvams miniebi, amaZonebis daxmarebiT,qalwul evriales etliT ganarideben brZolis vels (6. 370). swored igigaupobs Tavs gesanders Tavisi sabrZolo najaxiT (6. 373).avxusi – kimerieli qurumi. persesis mokavSireTa Soris arisdasaxelebuli. igi uricxv erTsulovan meomars sardlobs da Tavsiwonebs kimeriis simdidriT. dabadebidanve TeTri Tma hqonda (qeraTmianbudinebis Sesaxeb ix. Her. IV 108), Tumca xandazmulobis gamo Tavi ukvemoSiSvleboda, samad ganaskvuli ormagi Tavsakravi (aq undaigulisxmebodes qurumis wminda Tavsaburavi, simeloteze miniSnebac unda187

davukavSiroT herodotosis cnobas melot argipeebis Sesaxeb (Her. IV 23),romlebic Zalian hgavdnen hiperboreelebs) umSvenebda safeTqlebs (6. 60-64). omSi mas bolos uRebs iasoni, mohkveTs Tavs da xelebs (6. 619-620).hebrusi – skviTi meomari. iasoni mouswrafebs sicocxles. misgaregnobaSi flakusi aRniSnavs moWarbebul Tmianobas terrificis undantemcrinibus (6. 618).heliqsi – skviTi meomari. mas klavs argonavti nestori. flakusigansakuTrebiT usvams xazs heliqsis siymawviles. igi imdenad axalgazrdagamoesalma sicocxles, rom mamas jerovnad verc moeswro misi aRzrda.amdenad, ufro metad tragikulia axalgazrda skviTis aRsasruli (6. 569-71).otaqsesi da rambelusi – skviTi mebrZoli. maTTan dakavSirebiTflakusi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom aietis winaaRmdeg gamarTul omSiimdenad daundoblad ibrZvian, rom erTianad musrs avleben kolxebs.otaqsesi moixsenieba epiTetiT acer `sastiki~ (6. 529).armisi – skviTi mebrZoli. flakusi mas inglorius ùsaxelos~ uwodebs,radgan es ukanaskneli yovelgvar ukadris xerxs mimarTavs mtrisSesaSineblad. aseTive usaxeloa misi aRsasrulic. mas daundobladgangmiravs kolxTa mokavSire aroni, romelic mouwodebs RirseuliSerkinebisken (6. 530-541).monesusi – kolxi mebrZoli. iupiteris Zem, kolaqsesma ganizraxaiasonis mokvla da esrola qvis lodi, Tumca qalRmerT iunos SewevniTargonavtTa meTauri uvnebeli gadarCa, lodi ki kolx monesuss moxvda,romelsac aravin icnobda (ignotus) qveyanaze da aravin daitirebda (infletus)(6. 650-1). am epiTetebiT flakusi umniSvnelo adamianebze migvaniSnebs,romlebic SesamCnevni xdebian TavianTi SeumCnevlobiT.g) eqsponirebulia brZolis amsaxvel scenaSi raRac ambiskonteqstSiakvitesi da kirnusi – akvitesi mdinaris RmerTis fasisis kolxiqurumia. mxcovan akvitess safeTqlebi mwvane alvis xis foTlebiT aqvsSemkuli, radganac mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi Relavs Tavisi Svilis,kirnusis usafrTxoebis gamo da mtris rigebSi daeZebs mas (6. 296-300).188

xanSiSesul qurums iazigebis winamZRoli gesanderi klavs ulmoblad,Tanac dasZens, igi Svils rom hyvareboda, manamde gaistumrebda saiqios,vidre aseT savalalo siberemde miaRwevda (6. 302-316). sikvdilis pirasmisuli mama RmerTs kvlav Svilis mfarvelobas evedreba.gelasi da medoresi – hirkanieli Zmebi, gelasi da medoresibrZolis velze mxardamxar ibrZvian (6. 203), isini gamoirCevian saucxoocxenebiT, maTi mama mTels hirkaniaSi saukeTeso jiSis cxenebiT iyosaxelganTqmuli. brZolis velze argonavti kastori erT-erTi Zmis,gelasis cxenis xelSi Cagdebas moindomebs, mas SubiT gangmiravs damxedris gareSe darCenil cxens daepatroneba. gelasis Zma medoresi SurissaZieblad kastors daesxmeba Tavs, Tumca mas minieli falerusigamoasalmebs sicocxles (6. 217-18).taqsesi da hipanisi – skviTi mebrZoli. skviTi taqsesi cdilobscocxalmkvdari hipanisis daxmarebas, surs, TanamebrZoli brZolis velsganaridos, Tan lamobs, maxvili amoglijos Wrilobidan, raTa Tavidaicvas momxvdurisgan. is iyo taqsesma Subi moimarjva, rom amasobaSi masmoulodnelad lakoni daesxa Tavs (6. 252-7).Tidrusi – kolxi mebrZoli. brZolis velze iupiteris Ze,kolaqsesi gangmiravs maxviliT (6. 639). flakusis mixedviT, Tidrusi md.fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa kavkasusis mier, romelic, Cveulebisamebr,mamiseul faras mwyemsavda; swored aqedan momdinareobs misi metsaxeli`fasisis msaxuri~; ase uxmobdnen mas mSoblebi. Tidruss flakusigaregnuli niSniTac warmogvidgens: igi grZel Tmas atarebda, romlisSeWris uflebas mas mSoblebi ar rTavdnen.tagesi – skviTi mebrZoli. flakusi informacias gvawvdis misiwarmomavlobis Sesaxeb. mamas tavlasi hqvia, deda ki naxevradqalRmerTi(semidea) tyis nimfaa. flakusi saguldagulod aRwers tagesisCacmulobas: TovliviT qaTqaTa tilo, oqromkediT naqargi qlamisi,oqrosferi Taiguli qudze, Wreli ZafebiT moqarguli Sarvali.RamRamobiT dedis debi tyeSi fxizlobdnen da zrunavdnen misCacmulobaze, Tumca amaod, radgan tagesi brZolisas mtris maxviliTsazardulSi gangmiruli aResruleba (6. 221-7).189

pevkoni – skviTi mebrZoli. mas dediseuli lerwmiT Sekruli muqixveuli Tma amSvenebs. rogorc Cans, misi deda wylis nimfaa, romelictiriliT SesZravs midamos da Tavis vaJs uxmobs, Tumca, saubedurod,ymawvili verasodes SeZlebs, inavardos zRvis napirze da inadirosirmebze, radgan omSi iRupeba (6. 563-9).rifevsi – skviTi mebrZoli. daqiravebul jariskacad msaxurobsmezobel qveynebSi. mas brZolis velze boreasis vaJi, minieli kalaisiklavs (6. 558). rifevsi saucxoo as saqonelsa da as cxens miscemdasicocxlis sanacvlod, Tumca veranairi ganZis wyalobiT ver aicilebsadamiani gardauval sikvdils.sienesi – skviTi mebrZoli. moixsenieba persesis mokavSireTa Soris.hileebis (Hylaea) mravalricxovan toms mouZRvis aietis winaaRmdegsaomrad (6. 74). sienesis yuradRebas iqcevs parTeli elCi mirakesi Tavisimdidruli CacmulobiTa da aRWurvilobiT. mrisxane skviTi vefxvistyaviT mosil ymawvils SubiT gangmiravs (6. 703).friqsusi – skviTi mebrZoli. persesis momxreTa Soris arisdasaxelebuli da fur-iremis avismomaswavebeli gafrTxilebis miuxedavadaietis sawinaaRmdegod meTaurobs akesinel mebrZolebs. mis laSqarsmaRal Wolokze aRmarTuli priala bewviani da oqrosrqebiani furisgamosaxuleba miuZRvis, romelsac kvlav mrisxane dianas WalaSidabruneba surs. friqsusi mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac misimeSveobiT flakusi skviTebis katalogSi argonavtebis miznis, oqrossawmisis aqcentirebas axdens (6. 70).kaikusi – kolxi mebrZoli. skviTi leqsanori, romelic iasonismokvlas eswrafoda, SemTxveviT mas gangmiravs. flakusi moixseniebsagreTve kaikusis cols, romelsac uTanagrZnobs qmris dakargvis gamo,radganac isini axali daqorwinebulebi iyvnen da ver moeswroTsiyvaruliT tkboba (6. 688-9).Toe, like, menipe, harpe – amaZoni mebrZoli qalebi, isini dedofalevriales meTaurobiT ibrZvian kolxebis mxareze. argonavtebs exmarebian,TavianTi etliT brZolis vels da mtris maxvilebs gaaridon minielikanTusis gvami; ulmobeli iazigebis sardali, gesanderi Toes fariTdaucvel adgilas (6. 375), likes ki mkerdis areSi (6. 374) gangmiravs; mas190

Semdeg, rac Toesa da likes gauswordeba, Tavs daesxmeba harpes (6. 375).ganizraxavs, ieriSi miitanos menipeze (6. 377), Tumca ar dascaldeba;gesanders amaZonTa dedofali, evriale saomari najaxiT gaupobs Tavs.d) personaJebi, romlebic dakavSirebulni arian omSi monawilemebrZolebTancalke jgufs qmnian personaJebi, romlebic uSualod armonawileoben omSi, Tumca dakavSirebulni arian omSi monawilemeomrebTan. flakusi zogierT maTgans saxeliT moixseniebs, nawils ki –saxels ar arqmevs: gesanderis mama iazigi voraptusi (6.288); skviTitagesis mama tavlasi (6.221), tagesis deda _ naxevradqalRmerTi (6.223),romlis saxelic ucnobia; kolaqsesis deda, skviTi qalRmerTi hora (6.58);hirkanieli Zmebis medoresisa da gelasis mama (6.204); skviTi heliqsis mama(6.569); kolxi Tidrusis deda (6.643); skviTi pevkonis deda – wylis nimfa(6.564); kolxi kaikusis axalgazrda meuRle (6.688); aietis mokavSiriskarmeiusis meabjre (5.579); parTeli elCis mirakesis meabjre (6.694). ampersonaJTa Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva ramdenime maTgani: voraptusi,tavlasi, hora.voraptusi – iazigi meomris, gesanderis mama. gesanderi, vidrekolx mxcovan qurums akvitess gauswordeba, SemarTebisaTvis dasuliskveTebis gasaZliereblad mimarTavs Tavis gardacvlili mamisaCrdils. Svili mamas pativs scems, radgan igi droulad aResrula daver miaRwia sazarel siberes. flakusi iazigi mama-Svilis magaliTzewarmogvidgens iazigebis adaTs: roca adamiani berdeba, Zala aRar Seswevsda iaraRs veRar imorCilebs, mas Tavisi memkvidre mouswrafebs sicocxles,es adaT-wesi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema, xolo ardamorCilebisSemTxvevaSi urCi saTanadod isjeba (6. 122-128, Sdr. 288-291).tavlasi – skviTi mebrZolis, tagesis mama (6.221). misi meuRleanaxevradqalRmerTi (semidea) tyis nimfa, maTi vaJia tagesi, romelickolxebsa da skviTebs Soris gamarTul omSi ibrZvis. tyis nimfebi, RamRamobiTfxizlobdnen da zrunavdnen maTi diswulis, tagesis Cacmulobaze;Tumca amaod, radgan tagess brZolis velze mtris maxvili sazardulSigangmiravs.191

hora – bisaltebis winamZRolis kolaqsesis deda, skviTiis gvelisfexebaqalRmerTi, romelic naxevrad qali iyo, naxevrad eqidna.kolaqsesi RvTiuri warmomavlobisaa, radgan igi iupiterisa da horasvaJia, romelic iSva skviTiis sanapiroze, mwvane mirakes da md. tibisusismaxloblad. flakusi Segnebulad amaxvilebs yuradRebas am personaJiswarmomavlobaze, ramdenadac misi meSveobiT skviTebis RvTiur sawyiszemigvaniSnebs. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, heraklem daudo dasabami skviTTamodgmas miTiur qalRmerTTan SeuRlebiT, Tumca flakusi Tqmulebassaxes ucvlis da herakles iupiteriT anacvlebs (savaraudod, igieyrdnoba berZn. wyaroebs (Her. IV, 5, 9; Diod, II, 43, 3), sadac gadmocemulia,rom pirveli skviTi targitaosi zevsisa da md. borisTenesis asulisganiSva). rogorc kolaqsesis, aseve mTeli misi falanqsis farebzegamosaxulia samad gayofili cecxlis ali, amasTan erTad oqros drakonebi,horas niSan-simbolo (skviTebisaTvis saomar niSnebze da emblemebzedrakonebis gamosaxva dadasturebuli faqtia antikur wyaroebSi,Arr. Tact. XXXV, 3).e) personaJebi, romlebic omTan ar arian dakavSirebulniaia – kavkasieli nimfa, mdinaris RvTaeba fasisis satrfo.moixsenieba mxolod flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~. aiasa da fasisis ambavi,sxva suraTebTan erTad, gamosaxuli iyo kolxidaSi solis (heliosis)taZarSi (5.407-454). siyvarulisgan gaxelebuli fasisi aias damorCilebaslamobs, darcxvenili qalwuli iltvis mSobliur mTebSi gaSmagebulifasisisgan, SeSinebuli da Zal-Ronemixdili nimfa yris kaparWebs da massabolood RmerTi imorCilebs Tavisi mZlavri talRebiT (5.425-428).henioxe – medeas ZiZa (5. 357). es personaJi sxva avtorebTanacgvxvdeba, Tumca am saxeliT mxolod flakusTan moixsenieba. medeahenioxes avalebs kolxidaSi Camosuli ucxoelebis vinaobis Setyobas.moxuci ZiZa, romelic bavSvobidanve zrdida medeas, amSvidebs mas, radgankolxidaSi Camosuli ucxoelebi berZnebs gvanan da xelSi mSvidobisniSnad zeTisxili uWiravT, amdenad maTi ar unda eSinodes.kelenevsi – flakusis mier gamogonili es personaJi àrgonavtikaSi~erT-erT mniSvnelovan adgilas aris eqsponirebuli. rodesac Cven192

kizikusis epizods ganvixilavdiT, aRvniSneT, rom flakusTan mas udavodgansakuTrebuli datvirTva aqvs. 282 kelenevsic swored am epizodTan arisdakavSirebuli. apolonios rodoselTan miniebi sam dRes glovoben kizikusisdaRupvas dolionebTan erTad (1. 1057-58). isini imitom vermiemgzavrebian kunZulidan, rom 12 dRis ganmavlobaSi qariSxali arcxreboda; mas Semdeg, rac mopsusis misnobiT esonidma rea-kibelesSeswira msxverpli da grigali Cawynarda, argonavtebs kunZulidangamgzavrebis saSualeba miecaT; iasonma da argonavtebma sixaruliTdatoves kunZuli. flakusTan kizikusis sikvdilis Semdeg argonavtebiRrma sasowarkveTas miecemian. miuxedavad, imisa, rom argonavtebs orjerhqondaT xelsayreli pirobebi gamgzavrebisaTvis, isini erTgvar ajmhcanivasmoucavs da gamgzavrebis gadawyvetilebas ver iReben; maT sakmarisad armiaCniaT is pativi, rac miages dakrZalvisas kizikuss, gauqraT brZolisJini, samSoblos siyvaruli; TviT iasonic ki ar malavs grZnobebs datiris (3. 362-371). saqme iqamde midis, rom sasowarkveTili iasoni misanmopsuss ekiTxeba rCevas, Tu riTi unda iyos ganpirobebuli maTi sulierimdgomareoba, RmerTebis survilia is, rom maT dabrkoleba SexvdaT, Turam gamoiwvia maTi mxridan SiSi, ratom aRar fiqroben samSobloze,ratom ar surT gamgzavreba. mopsosi amave epizodSi apolonios rodoselTanacfigurirebs, swored is amoicnobs zRvispira frTosanismisnobas, romelic iasons TavTan Cauqrolebs da rCevas aZlevs, msverpliSeswiros rea-kibeles. apoloniosTan mopsosi mxolod amiT ifargleba.romael epikosTan ubralo mrCevelis garda, mas damatebiTi funqciacaqvs, SeiZleba ase iTqvas, igi axdens argonavtebis `gamofxizlebas~ daganwmendis ritualsac atarebs. saamisod mas damajerebeli argumentaciasWirdeba.mopsusis sityva sxva aspeqtiTac aris saintereso, 283 aq detaluradmxolod am konkretul aspeqts ganvixilavT. mopsusis sityvis CvenTvissayuradRebo monakveTSi (3. 384-396) erTmaneTisagan gamijnulia damnaSaveebistipebi, isini, vinc ganzrax Cadian danaSauls da isini, vinc282 G. Manuwald, Die Cyzicus-Episode und ihre Funktion in den Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Hypomnemata127, Göttingen 1999.283 es sityva Seicavs stoikuri filosofiis elementebs sulebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.Sdr. aseve anqizesis sityva vergiliusTan (Verg. Aen. 724-751).193

uneburad xdebian damnaSaveebi. mopsusis Tanaxmad, Tu adamianma ganzraxCaidina danaSauli, usaxelod gardacvlilebi warsdgebian sulTa meufiswinaSe da maT ufleba eZlevaT, kvlav saaqaos daubrundnen, erT-erTifuriis TanxlebiT, romlebic Surs iZieben damnaSaveze, saSinel SiSsmohgvrian mas. is, vinc uneburad Cadis danaSauls an iZulebiT (racpraqtikulad aseve danaSaulia), mas qenjnis sindisi namoqmedaris gamo.flakusi dawvrilebiT gadmogvcems aseTi adamianis mdgomareobas: „resideset iam nil amplius ausi / in lacrimas humilesque metus aegramque fatiscunt / segnitiem“ 284 (3.394-396).argonavtebis SemTxveva meore tipis danaSauls warmoadgens.Sesabamisad, mopsusi Seqmnili rTuli situaciidan aseT gamosavals (sednostra requiret / cura viam, 396-7) sTavazobs iasons: mas smenia, iq, sadackimerielebi cxovroben, qveynis dasalierSi, RmerTebisTvisac ucxomxareSi, sadac mze verasodes aRwevs, avernusis mTian tyeSi, sadacfoTolic ki ar irxeva, ukacriel da bnel adgilas, qvemoT mdebareobsmRvime da gza aCrdilTaTvis, aq gamodis SavebSi mosili misani (atraquesedens in veste, 406) kelenevsi, romelsac xelT xmali upyria (ensifer, 406) daudanaSauloebs aTavisuflebs Cadenili Secodebebisgan, Selocvebsambobs da miutevebs maT, ris Sedegadac darcxvenil sulebs simSvidemoicavs. mopsusi argonavtebs uyveba, rom swored misgan Seityo, Turogor unda imoqmedon miniebma, saSineli varamisagan rom ganikurnon:RmerTebs msxverpli unda Seswiron da ganwmendis rituali Caataron.mxolod mopsusis mier Catarebuli ganwmendis ritualis Semdeg grZnobenargonavtebi Svebas da ikreben Zalas gasamgzavreblad.kelenevsis figuras da poemaSi warmodgenil masTan dakavSirebulmotivacias paraleli ar moeZebneba sxva avtorebTan, amdenad,dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi marTlac flakusis poeturifantaziis nayofia.284 `damaSvralni, veRarafris gambedavni, icremlebian, mdabio SiSi da sneuli umoqmedobaTrgunavT~.194

3.3. meorexarisxovani personaJebiaqedanve unda aRvniSnoT, rom sakmaod pirobiTia am jgufSigaerTianebuli figurebis meorexarisxovan personaJebad miCneva, Tumca,isic unda iTqvas, rom isini aSkarad aRematebian ubralo statistebs daim figurebsac, romlebic elementarulad arian eqsponirebulni, amdenad,Tavisuflad SegviZlia isini meorexarisxovan gmirebad CavTvaloT.bunebrivia, maTi ricxvi statistebTan SedarebiT mcirea. aq maTklasifikacias vaxdenT moqmedebaSi CarTulobis intensivobiT:a) intensiurad moqmedi mniSvnelovani personaJebi: gesanderi,stirusi, kolaqsesigesanderi – iazigebis winamZRoli. gesanderi intensiurad ariseqsponirebuli flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ aietisa da persesiskonfliqtis amsaxvel epizodSi. misi meSveobiT flakusi iazigebis adaTwesebswarmogvidgens, razec Cven araerTxel visaubreT (6. 122-128).gesanderi daundobelia fasisis qurumis, xanSiSesuli akvitesis mimarT,romelsac ar Seiwynarebs arc xandazmulobis gamo da arc mis xvewnamudaras,rom Seindos misi vaJi, aqcevs yuradRebas (6. 294-316). argonavtkanTusTan Serkinebis epizodSi gesanderi skviTebis cxovrebis mkacrpirobebs aRuwers berZen meomars da dasZens, rom yvelafris miuxedavad,mSobliur mxares ar gacvlis arc erT sxva qveyanaze. gangmiravs kanTuss,romlis gvamsac miniebi, amaZonebis daxmarebiT ganarideben brZolis vels.Tavs esxmis amaZonebs: moklavs likes, Toes, ieriSs miitans harpeze.aRSfoTebulia, radgan mas qalebTan uwevs brZola, amdenad, ufro metadtragikulia misi aRsasruli. mas amaZoni evriale gamoasalmebssicocxles (6. 373).stirusi – albaneli ufliswuli, aietis mokavSire. medeas erT-erTixelismTxovneli. medeas xelis mosapoveblad ramdenime gmiri ibrZvis:henioxebisa da alanebis sardali anavsisi, skviTi koastesi, parTelielCi mirakesi da albaneli stirusi. aietma winaswarmetyvelebis Tanaxmadicis, rom mis mefobas safrTxe moelis ucxoelisgan, amitomac axlos arikarebs maT, da gadawyvets, medea araucxoels miaTxovos. igi arCevansalbanel ufliswulze aCerebs da argonavtebis kolxidaSi CasvlismomentisaTvis stirusi, rogorc medeas kanonieri saqmro, ukve samefo195

ojaxis wevrTa Soris aris dasaxelebuli absirtusisa da friqsusisvaJebis gverdiT (5. 459-460, Sdr. 3. 496-497). Tumca aiets es xels ar uSlis,rom medeas saxeli Tavisi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad gamoiyenos (3. 495-6). alani anavsisi swored amitom jer kidev omis dawyebamde ganewyoaietis mimarT mtrulad, radgan mefem arCevani albanelze SeaCera da aramasze (6. 43-44). flakusi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs stirusisa daanavsisis Serkinebas, radgan maT sabrZolvelad piradi motivicamoZravebT. anavsisi ar apirebs dauTmos stiruss is, rac mas yvelazemetad uyvars. moaxerxebs kidec albanelis daWras, romelic brZolisvels gaecleba. alanTa sardali mas simxdaleSi debs brals; missityvaSi, romliTac anavsiss mimarTavs, didi ironiac igrZnoba: rom masWrilobebs verc medea da verc misi Selocva-mkurnaloba dauamebs (6. 265-278). stirusis mier sasikvdilod gangmiruli anavsisi brZolis velzeaResruleba. stirusi, ra Tqma unda, iasonSic Tavis metoqes xedavs da masmtrad ekideba, roca es ukanaskneli medeasTan erTad kolxididangaiqceva. mdevar kolxebSi didi aqtiurobiT gamoirCeva (8. 298-305, 328-368).igi Seuracxyofilad grZnobs Tavs, radgan TviT mefe aietisgadawyvetlebas ar scems aravin pativs da kidev ufro metad umZafrdebamedeas mimarT siyvaruli (8. 302), roca misi samudamod dakargvis safrTxeSeiqmneba. iunos mier gamowveul grigalSi mdevar kolxebsa daargonavtebs Soris Setakebis dros tragikulad iRupeba, ise, romaboboqrebul talRebSi Cavardnil ufliswuls veravin aRmouCensdaxmarebas (8. 363-368).kolaqsesi – bisaltebis winamZRoli. persesis mokavSireTa Sorisaris dasaxelebuli. igi RvTiuri warmomavlobisaa: iupiterisa dagvelisfexeba skviTiis qalRmerTis, horas vaJia, romelic iSva skviTiissanapiroze, md. mirakesa da tibisusis maxloblad. flakusi Segnebuladamaxvilebs yuradRebas mis warmomavlobaze, ramdenadac am gmirismeSveobiT skviTebis RvTiur sawyisze migvaniSnebs. brZolis velzekolaqsesi didi aqtiurobiT gamoirCeva. man musri gaavlo kolxTaumetesobas. mas emsxverpla: gesiTousi (6. 637), hipetaoni (6. 637), arinesi (6.638), olbusi (6. 638), apresi (6. 638), Tidrusi (6. 639), monesusi (6. 651); masveergo pativi SebrZoleboda argonavtTa meTaurs. kolaqsesma ganizraxa196

misi mokvla, esrola qva, Tumca qalRmerT iunos SewevniT argonavtTameTauri uvnebeli gadarCa, xolo lodi yvelasaTvis ucnob da uCinarmebrZols, kolx monesuss moxvda (6. 650-1). kolaqsesis bedi gadawyvetiliiyo. iupiters surda SvilisTvis sikvdili aeridebina, Tumca vercuzenaesma RvTaebam SeZlo pirmSosTvis dadgenili xvedris acileba (6.624-9). aseTi saxelovani gmiris damarcxebiT iasonma didi saxelimoixveWa.b) naklebad intensiurad moqmedi mniSvnelovani personaJebi:anavsisi – warCinebuli warmomavlobis alanTa da henioxTasardali, persesis mokavSire. medeas erT-erTi xelismTxovneli (Sdr.stirusi, koastesi, mirakesi). igi jer kidev maSin ganewyo aietis mimarTmtrulad, rodesac man gadawyvita medea stirusisaTvis (albaneliufliswuli) SeerTo colad (6. 43-44). RmerTebis nebieri anavsisi sworedstirusis mier gangmiruli aResruleba brZolis velze (6. 265-278).ariasmenusi – skviTi mebrZoli. persesis damxmare laSqarSiadasaxelebuli. flakusis mier araerTgzis aris eqsponirebuli. avtorssurs, misi simamace momaval Taobebs gadasces (6. 103-105). omismamoZravebeli Zalaa, saomar etlze amxedrebuli brZolis velze daqris,erTaderTi survili amoZravebs, gaJlitos berZnebi da kolxebi (6. 386-389).tragikulia ariasmenusis aRsasruli, mas mteri verafers daaklebda,brZolaSi aTena palasi rom ar Careuliyo. roca ariasmenusi sabrZoloiaraRis gareSe rCeba, xteba etlidan da sakuTarive etlis basrinamglebiT danawevrebuli esalmeba sicocxles (6. 423-426).koastesi – skviTi jadoqari. kolxidaSi xoaTrebsa da kentorebsmouZRvis aietis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. medeas erT-erTixelismTxovnelia. Tumca mas, sxva saqmroTagan (Sdr. anavsisi, stirusi,mirakesi) gansxvavebiT, arc medeas siyvaruli amoZravebs da arcbrZolisadmi dauokebeli swrafva, aramed kolxi qalwulis saxeli.koastess medeasTan SeuRleba imitom surs, rom medea jadoqrobiT Sorsaris saxelganTqmuli (6. 155-7).mirakesi – parTiis mefis elCi kolxebTan. medeas erT-erTixelismTxovneli (Sdr. stirusi, anavsisi, koastesi). aRm. sanapirodan197

Cadis kolxidaSi im misiiT, rom parTelebsa da kolxebs Soris kavSirigaamyaros. sanacvlod, oqros garda, jildod medeac eguleba. jer kidevaietsa da persess Soris omi ar iyo dawyebuli, mirakesi rom siyvaruliTganimsWvala kolxi qalwulis mimarT. flakusi saguldagulod aRwersucxoeli elCis Cacmulobas: mas Tavze saucxoo qsovilisgan Seqmnilipatiosani TvlebiT Semkuli tiara mSobliur yaidaze axuravs. gamoirCevasaomari aRkazmulobiTa da mokle xmliT, romelic marjvena mxareze aqvsmoqceuli. ymawvils ucxouri wawvetebuli fexsacmeli acvia da tansvefxvis tyavi umSvenebs. gamijnurebuli mirakesi, safrTxis miuxedavad,ar tovebs kolxidas da mamacurad ibrZvis Zmebs Soris gamarTul omSi.mas Tan axlavs saWurisi meabjre. TviTon etlze amxedrebuls gamudmebiTieriSi miaqvs mterze. mirakess skviTi sienesi gangmiravs SubiT da misnivTebs daepatroneba.Cveni azriT, valerius flakusTan tradiciisaTvis ucnobi amdeni,metwilad mis mier gamogonebuli, axali personaJis Semoyvana poemaSiganpirobebuli unda iyos erTi mxriv istoriuli realobiT da, meoremxriv, sakuTriv kavkasiis mimarT interesis gazrdiT; am procesSi asevemniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens flakusis survili, tradiciulimiTis epikuri damuSavebisas iyos misi didi winamorbedi epikosebis mimdevarida amasTanave novatoric.198

IV. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxeldebis principebiflakusis àrgonavtikaSi~ bevri axali personaJi figurirebs: lemnoseli,kizikieli, kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli mravali axali saxe;CvenTvis niSandoblivia is damokidebuleba, rasac flakusi mis mierSeqmnil e. w. fsevdo-miTologiuri personaJebisadmi avlens. SeiZlebaiTqvas, rom igi enobriv donezec axerxebs, erTmaneTisagan gamijnosgansxvavebuli warmomavlobis personaJebi. qvemoT warmovadgenT maTisaxelebis savaraudo warmomavlobas da vimsjelebT im principebze, romlebiTac,SesaZloa, flakusi xelmZRvanelobs personaJebis saxeldebisprocesSi.flakusis mier saxeldebis principebis gamoyenebis specifikazeufro reliefuri warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad lemnoseli da kizikielipersonaJebis saxeldebis SemTxvevebs ganvixilavT. es saSualebas mogvcemswarmodgena SeviqmnaT imaze, saxelTa SerCevisas flakusi erTianiprincipebiT sargeblobs, Tu kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebisSemTxvevaSi igi ramdenadme gansxvavebul gzas irCevs.1. lemnoseli personaJebis saxelebilemnosis epizodSi hifsipiles, misi macnisa (ifinoe) 285 da ZiZis(poluqso) 286 garda gvxvdeba 7 axali personaJi, romelTagan 4 aris mamakaci(amiTaoni, 2.162; doriklusi, 2.149; kodrusi, 2.136ff.; oleniusi, 2.163) da 3qali (driope, 2.174; evrinome, 2.136ff; neera, 2.141). am epizods, romelicargonavtTa Tqmulebis tradiciul siuJetur elements warmoadgens, romaeliepikosi sakmaod avrcobs iseTi inovaciiT, rac flakusamdeli tradiciisaTvisucxoa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs venusis transformacia erT-erTlemnosel qalad da aseve moqmedebaSi qalRmerT famas CarTva. rogorcCans, am personaJebs flakusi venusis intrigis asaxvis aucileblobidangamomdinare qmnis. venusi imis gamo, rom Suri iZios lemnosel qalebze,gadawyvets, maT ubedureba daatexos Tavs. igi mokavSireobas sTxovsfamas (Worisa da avsityvaobis qalRmerTs) da avalebs, lemnoselasulebSi xma gaavrcelos, rom maT meuRleebi samarcxvinod RalatobenTrakiel qalebTan. am epizodSi dasaxelebuli arcerTi personaJs ar285 ÆIfinovh: Ap.Rhod.Arg.1.702; Iphinoe: Hyg.Fab.15; Val.Flacc.2.162, 2.327.286 Poluxwv: Ap. Rhod.Arg.1.668; Polyxo: Hyg.Fab.15.5; Val. Flacc. 2.316.199

gaaCnia statistze aRmatebuli funqcia. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aqgvxvdeba sami lemnoseli qali: driope, evrinome da neera. venusi erTerTimaTganis, driopes saxiT moevlineba lemnosel qalebs, fama kineeras saxiT ewveva evrinomes da atyobinebs, rom misma qmarma kodrusmamoiyvana Trakieli coli, anu, faqtobrivad, aq CvenTvis sainteresoamxolod evrinomes figura; Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, evrinomes saxiTflakusi lemnoseli qalebis ganzogadebul tips gvTavazobs; evrinomesanimuSo colia da rudunebiT ufrTxildeba Tavis sarecels occupatexesam curis castumque cubile / servantem, 2, 137, qmris erTgulia ...manet illa viro, 2.138, Tumca mas Semdeg, rac qmris RalatSi darwmundeba, mzad arisdaundoblad iZios Suri Tavis meuRleze. is, Tu rogor detaluradaRwers flakusi lemnoseli qalebis SurisZiebis scenebs, aseve misgansxvavebul xedvis maneraze metyvelebs. igi ar ifargleba mxolodinformaciis konstataciiT, aramed ise ostaturad agebs scenebs, romgveqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos mZafrsiuJetian films vuyurebT.rac Seexeba lemnoseli personaJebis saxeldebas, yuradReba undamivaqcioT im garemeobas, rom yvela es saxeli sakmaod gavrcelebuliaantikur onomastikaSi. 2872. kizikieli personaJebis saxelebidolionebis epizods, iseve rogorc lemnosis ambebs, sakmaod didiadgili uWiravs flakusis àrgonavtikaSi~. bunebrivia, am e. w. niktomaqiisaRwerisas flakusi tradiciulad cnobil siuJets eyrdnoba, Tumca amSemTxvevaSic epikuri Txrobis misTvis damaxasiaTebeli maneriT avrcobsda amdidrebs mas e. w. fsevdo-miTologiuri personaJebiT.apolonios rodoselTan 12 dolioneli personaJi gvxvdeba. maTstatistebis funqcia aqvT. sqema aris aseTi: A (argonavti) klavs B-s(dolionels): herakle klavs telekless (I 1040) da megabrontess (I 1041);287 amiTaoni (Apd.1.9.11, 1.7.7; Dio.4.68.3, 4.69.3; Hes.CWE.13; Hom.Od.11.258); doriklusi (Apd.3.12.5;Hom.Il.11.489; Hyg.Fab.90; Ver.Aen.5.621; Oly.10.67); kodrusi (Hdt.1.147, 9.97; Pau.1.19.5, 1.39.4, 7.2.1,7.2.8, 7.2.10, 7.3.3, 7.3.5-7; Strab.9.1.7, 14.1.3); oleniusi (Olenus: Hyg.Ast.2.13; Ov.Met.12.433, 10.68; Sdr.Olenius: Stat.Theb.12.741); driope (Lib.Met.32; Ov.Met.9.329ff., 9.350ff.; Aen.10.550ff.; Sdr.Stat.Theb.2.613; 287 evrinome (Apd.3.9.2; Hyg.Fab.70; Apd.1.2.2, 1.3.1, 3.12.6; Arg.1.503; Hes.The.907;Nonn.2.573; Hom.Od.17.495; Ov.Met.4.208ff.; Hes.CWE.7; Hyg.Fab.157); neera (Apd.2.1.2; Apd. Library 3.5.6;Apd.3.9.1-2; Sdr. Pau.8.4.6; QS.1.292).200

akastosi _ sfodriss (I 1041); pelevsi _ Zelissa (I 1042) da gefiross (I1042); telamoni _ basilevss (I 1043), idasi _ promevss (I 1044), klitiosi _hiakinToss (I 1044), tindaridebi _ megalosakessa (I 1045) da flogioss (I1045), oinidi _ itomenevss (I 1046) da artakess (I 1047). epiTetebis donezeam gmirTa Soris gamoirCevian gefirosi (ajrhivqoo~ `guladi~), itomenevsi(qrasuv~ `mamaci~) da artakesi (provmo~ ajndrwǹ `vaJkacTa sardali~). apoloniosTanmTels niqtomaqias 8 striqoni eTmoba (I 1040-1047). es imitom, romelinist poets zogadad arc ainteresebs bataluri scenebis aRwera,mokled ayalibebs Tavis saTqmels: meomrebs, romlebic brZolis velzedaecnen, axlac pativiT moixsenieben iqauri mkvidrni, danarCenebi kisimxdalis gamo Sedarebulia dafrTxal mtredTa gundebs (I 1047-1050).samagierod, es ambavi mas ainteresebs erT-erTi aitiis gadmocemiskonteqstSi.flakusTan kizikusTan dakavSirebuli ambebis aRweras 400-ze metistriqoni eTmoba (3. 43-458). uSualod brZolis peripetiebi mesame wignis95-e striqonidan iwyeba da 116 str. eTmoba Ramiseuli brZolis scenebs. 288valerius flakusTan kizikusis epizodSi dasaxelebulia sul 38 axalifigura. rogorc apolonios rodoselTan, aqac maT statistis funqciaaqvT, 289 informacia maT Sesaxeb aseTi tipisaa: A (argonavti) klavs B-s(kizikiels): tidevsi koriTuss (98-107); pelevsi ambrosiuss (138); ankevsiexekluss (138-9); nestori amastruss (145); fliasi oxuss (148-9); poluqsihebruss (149); iasoni klavs: Zeliss, brontess, abriss, glavkuss, haliss,protiss, dorkevss. Tumca, ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar mivaqcioT flakusismcdelobas, am simravleSi ramdenime personaJis aqcentirebiT isini Cven-Tvis dasamaxsovrebeli gaxados, Tundac umniSvnelo StrixiT. 290axla ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT, vin arian es personaJebi:pirveli, vinc Ramiseul SetakebaSi kvdeba, aris kizikieli koriTusi (95-112), romelic imdenad axovania, rom evritusma Tavi Seikava, mas Sebmoda,288 brZolis detaluri aRwera ix.: E. Burk, Kampf und Tod des Cyzicus bei Valerius Flaccus: MélangesMarcel Durry, REL 47, 1970, 187.289statistebi: ironi (111), kotisi (112), bienori, pirnusi (112) – bienoris mama (112),telekooni (140), krenevsi – ornitusis mama (178), itisi (189), hagesi (191), Tafsusi (191),nealkesi (191), kidrusi (192).290genisusi (114-116); medoni (117-120), flegiasi (124-137), admoni (167-172), ornitusi (173-180),sagesi (181-185).201

tidevsma ki oleniuri Subi gauqana. momakvdavi koriTusi cdilobs SubisamoRebas, romelic sisxliT wiTlad aris SeRebili. amis Semdeg flakusiwarmogvidgens sam kizikiels (113-132), romlebic qalaqidan moiCqarianbrZolaSi Casabmelad. vxvdebiT genisuss, romelsac colma iaraRi daumala,Tumca buxarSi aalebuli cecxlis wyalobiT mamacma gmirma maincipova saWurveli da brZolis velisken gaswia (114ff.); mzrunvelma colma,mcdelobis miuxedavad, mainc ver SeZlo, daexsna sayvareli qmaribediswerisgan: telis gaudes, miserande, repertis (116). qurumi medoni, rogorc kigaigebs sabrZolo mowodebas, miatovebs dawyebul msxverplSewirvas damterTan saomrad emzadeba, gansakuTrebiT amaRelvebelia CvenTvis misisikvdili: inde vagi nec bella modis nec casibus isdem / conseruere manu et longe iacuereperempti (123f.). mesame kizikieli, romelic Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs, arisflegiasi, igi pelasgel Tamiriss uxmobs, sjera, rom es CveuliTavdasxmaa mtrisagan (124-132). igi herkulesis msxverpli xdeba (133-137). samarTlianadSeniSnavs e. liuTe: ès sami personaJi isea warmodgeniliflakusis mier, rom maTi sikvdili gansakuTrebiT moqmedebs mkiTxvelze~.291 momdevno monakveTSi flakusi masobriv scenas warmogvidgens,sadac 17 kizikieli esalmeba sicocxles (138-185). poeti kvlav imascdilobs, rom imoqmedos mkiTxvelze. nestori yovelgvari gulmowyalebisgareSe uswordeba amastruss da axarebs mdidari alafi (145);sakmaod mkacria herkulesis sityvebi, rodesac momakvdav kizikiel admonsmimarTavs: òccumbens i nunc~ ait `Herculis armis / donum ingens semperque tuismemorabere fatis~ (169f.). stumarTmoyvare ornitusis sikvdilic tragikulia,mas klavs idmoni, romelsac manamde kizikielma ZRveni usaxsovra (173-177).SeiZleba iTqvas, ZiriTadad es personaJebi flakuss ainteresebsimdenad, ramdenadac argonavtebis (iasoni, 151-160; herkulesi, 161-172; idmoni,173-180; hilasi, 181-185; dioskurebi, 186-197; telamoni, 198-206) aristiebswarmogvidgens maTi meSveobiT, Tumca isic aSkaraa, rom ramdenime maTganiudavod mkiTxvelis TanagrZnobas iwvevs.brZolis mizezia, daisajos kizikusi hibrisis gamo, mas Semdeg, rackizikusi kvdeba, impia bella mTavrdeba (253). argonavtebi Tavs icaven da291 E. Lüthje, Gehalt und Aufriss der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, Diss., Kiel 1971, 98.202

mters ar uSindebian, surT mtris winaSe mamacebi gamoCndenen (iasoni 80f.),mTels Zal-Rones ar iSureben (tidevsi 103ff.), momakvdav mterzec ki surTSTabeWdilebis moxdena (herkulesi 169). Tumca maTi garja amaoa, saxelismoxveWas aseT omSi azri ara aqvs. flakusi amas gacilebiT sagrZnobsxdis, rodesac kizikusis meomrebs moixseniebs rogorc infelix manus (95),TanagrZnoba maTi xvedris aRwerisas swored amisi dasturia.sainteresoa, ra saxelebs urCevs flakusi kizikiel gmirebs; 38 kizikielipersonaJis saxelTagan 30 antikur avtorebTan dasturdeba sxvadasxvapersonaJebis aRsaniSnavad, 292 9 saxeli ki antikuri samyaros onomastikaSidadasturebuli elementebis kombinaciiT unda Seeqmnaavtors. 293 Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT zemoT moyvanil informacias, SegviZliadarwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom flakusi lemnosel da kizikiel personaJebisZiriTadad antikuri samyaros enobrivi arealidan urCevs saxelebs, gacilebiTmravalferovania misi principebi kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebissaxeldebisas.3. kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxelebirasakvirvelia, rodesac kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli personaJebissaxelebs vikvlevT, Cven am SemTxvevaSi ar vcdilobT maTi etimologiebiswarmodgenas, radgan savsebiT SesaZlebelia berZnul metyvel saxelSi esaTu is fuZe etimologiurad ukavSirdebodes winaberZnul an sxva romelimeenobriv garemos, iseve rogorc winaaziur saxelebSi dadasturebul292abarisi (Hdt.4.36; Ver.Aen.9.344; Ov.Met.5.86,); amastrusi (Verg.Aen.XI 674); ambrosiusi(ÆAmbrwseuv~: Paus.10.36.1; ÒAmbrwso~: Pol.4.25; Strab.9.423); aresi (ix. ÒArh~); bienori (Hom.Il.11.92;Ov.Met.345); brontesi (Hes.Theog.140; Eustath.Od.1622,50; Apollod.I.1,2; Verg.Aen.8.425); glavkusi (ix.Glau'ko~); dorkevsi (Ovid.met.III 210; Hyg.fab.181; Sdr. Stat.Theb.9.809); erimusi (Verg.Aen.10.702;ÒErumo~: Hom.Il.16.345); exeklusi (ÆEceklhv~: Hom.Il.16.189); zelisi (Zevlu~: Ap. Rhod. I.1042); itisi(Apd.3.14.8; Eur.Her.1018; Hyg.Fab.239; Verg.Aen.9.574); koriTusi (Apollod. III 104; Verg. Aen. III 167. VII209; Ov.Met.12.290ff., 5.125;); kotisi (Kovtu~: DH.1.27.1-2; Hdt.4.45); krenevsi (Ov.Met.12.310; Sdr.Stat.Theb.5.221, 9.319); medoni (Hom.Il.716-728; Hyg.Fab.134; Ov.Met.3.581-691; Hom.Il.17.216.Verg.Aen.6.483; Ovid.met.12.303); melanTusi (Ov.Met.3.581-691); nealkesi (Verg.Aen.10.753;Plin.35.11.40-43); niseusi (Aes.LB.619; Apd.3.15.5, 3.15.7-8; Hes.CWE.7; Hyg.Fab.198, 242; Ov.Met.8.145);oleniusi (Olenus: Hyg.Ast.2.13; Ov.Met.12.433, 10.68); ornitusi (Ap. Rhod.Arg.1.207, 2.65;Verg.Aen.11.678ff.); ofeltesi (Apd.1.9.14, 3.6.4; Hyg.Fab.74; Sdr. Stat.Theb.4.741, 5.534ff., 5.632);oxusi (ÇWco~: Ptol.6.11.2; Strab.11.518; Plin.6,16,18,48); protisi (Prwtiv~: Theocr.13,25.2); flegiasi(Apd.3.5.5, 3.10.3; Hom.Asc.16; Hes.CWE.89; Ov.Met.5.87; Sdr. Stat.Theb.3.79, 7.711, 8.688); fokevsi(Fokeuv~: Aesch.Ag.881; Eur.I.T.917; halisi (Verg.Aen.9.765; Sdr. Stat.Theb.2.574); hebrusi Verg. Ecl.10.65; Verg.Aen.10.697, 12.331; Hor. Carm. 3.25.10; Sdr. Stat. Theb. 7.66, 10.315).293 aq vgulisxmobT Semdegi personaJebis saxelebs: admoni, genisusi, Tapsusi, ironi,kidrusi, pirnusi, sagesi, telekooni, hagesi.203

fuZeebs SeiZleba hqondeT sul sxvadasxva etimologia dadakavSirebulni iyvnen indoevropul, semitur an kavkasiur enobrivsamyarosTan. aseve, rodesac garkveul saxelebs vaTavsebT skviTur ansparsul jgufSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom skviTuri ena TavisTavadekuTvnoda iranul enaTa jgufs da am SemTxvevaSi Zalze Znelia zustizRvaris gavleba, romeli fuZea wminda skviTuri da romeli sparsuli.swored amitom Cven warmomavlobaze msjelobisas ZiriTadad gvainteresebsvalerius flakusisaTvis cnobili romeli enobrivi garemodan SeiZlebodamoexdina avtors ama Tu im fuZis gamoyeneba an sxvadasxvaelementebTan kombinireba.3.1. e. w. metyveli saxelebiakvitesi (Aquites) 294 – kolxi misani. a. heereni 295 am saxelsukavSirebs Aquitani formas, amave Tvalsazriss eTanxmeba h. vismani 296 ,Tumca Cven ufro sarwmunod migvaCnia mosazreba, rom saxelis warmoebisas,SesaZloa, flakusi laT. formativs aqua `wyali~ da berZnulSigavrcelebul saxelis mawarmoebel sufiqs -th" gamoiyenebs, rasacamyarebs TviT flakusTan am personaJis Sesaxeb daculi informacia,akvitesi mdinare fazisis RvTaebis qurumia.ambenusi (Ambenus) 297 – skviTi meomari. flakusi poemaSi asaxelebsamave saxelwodebis mTas sarmatiaSi (6. 85), romelsac zogierTi mecnieriam personaJis saxels ukavSirebs. 298 ambenusis etimologias, Cveulebriv,gal. ambis, laT. amnis, sanskr. amba `wyali~ formativebTan akavSireben.saxeli unda miekuTvnebodes getur an bastarnul nomenklaturas. 299anavsisi (Anausis) 300 – persesis mokavSire. henioxebisa da alanebissardali. warmoebisas, SesaZloa, flakusi an antikuri epoqis onomastikaSifarTod gavrcelebul anau- elements iyenebdes an e. w. metyvelsaxels berZn. ajnauv-w `yvirili~ zmnidan awarmoebdes. aseve SesaZloa, romflakusi am saxels qmnides eTnonimidan Anasi, romelic erTxel aris294 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 294-316.295 A. Heeren, De chronographia a Valerio Flacco adhibita, diss. Göttingen 1899, 20.296 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 127.297 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6.250-251.298 Tomaschek, Ambenus mons, RE, I.2, 1797.299 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 51.300 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 42-47, 265-278.204

moxseniebuli pliniusTan (Plin. Nat. 6. 22). am varauds amyarebs aseTi tipismonacvleobaTa sxva magaliTebic: Colaxais / Colaxes, Auchates / Auchus, Tyra /Tyras, Bastarnae / Batarnae, Thyssagetes / Thyrsagetes. 301apresi (Apres) 302 – kolxi meomari. flakusi, SesaZloa, iyenebdes aper,apri `taxi~ mniSvnelobis mqone fuZes an Zveli samyaros onomastikaSidadasturebul apr- elements. 303gelasi (Gelas) 304 – hirkanieli meomari. SesaZloa, flakusi ZvelsamyaroSi gavrcelebul onomastikur gela- fuZes gamoiyenebs, romelic,metwilad, berZn. gelavw `sicili~ zmnis semantikasTan aris dakavSirebuli.gesanderi (Gesander) 305 – iazigi sardali. saxelis warmomavlobaucnobia. 306 warmoebisas, SesaZloa, flakusi laT. gero, gessi `vatareb,vawarmoeb~ (bellum gerere òmis warmoeba~) da berZn. ajnhvr, ajndrov" `mamakaci~komponentebs gamoiyenebs (Sdr. Thessandrus, berZeni gmiri vergiliusTanAen. II, 261). h. kostlini ukavSirebs am saxels gaesum sityvas „Subis“mniSvnelobiT. 307gesiTousi (Gessithous) 308 – kolxi meomari. SesaZloa, flakusi laT.gero, gessi `vatareb, vawarmoeb~ da berZn. qoov" `swrafi~ komponentebsgamoiyenebs. kompozitis meore Semadgenel nawilTan dakavSirebiTaRsaniSnavia, rom flakusTan am fuZis Semcveli sxva personaJTasaxelebic dasturdeba: a. m., amaZoni Toe Thoe `swrafi~ (6. 375) da nereisikimoToe Cymothoe `swrafi talRa~ (2. 605). vergiliusTan am saxeliT moixseniebazRvis nimfa (Verg. Aen. I 144). rac Seexeba konteqsts, sadac personaJigesiTousia moxseniebuli, flakusis fraza Hypetaona Gessithoumqueexmianeba vergiliusiseul: Thesea Pirithoumque (Aen. 6.393), Ixiona Pirithoumque(Aen. 6.601).301 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 57; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 36; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 344.302 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 638.303 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 244.304 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 203-218.305 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 122-128, 6. 279-316, 6. 374-380.306 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 21; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 122.307 H. Köstlin, Zu Valerius Flaccus, Philologus 39, 1880, 438.308 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 637.205

dipsasi (Dipsas) 309 – kolxi meomari. unda aRiniSnos, rom amavesaxelwodebis mdinare arsebobda kilikiaSi. warmoebisas, SesaZloa,flakusi am personaJis saxels berZn. Divya" gvelis saxeobas ànkaras~ (Nic.Ther. 334 ff.) ukavSirebs, romlis kbenac dauokebel wyurvils iwvevs daSeesabameba diyavw zmnis semantikas. 310vanusi (Vanus) 311 – persesis mokavSire. hirkanieli misani. SesaZloaes personaJi Seqmnilia staciusis amfiarausis analogiiT. CvenTvis asevesainteresoa tacitusTan dadasturebuli saxeli vaniusi (Tac. Ann. 2.63,12.29), romelic sakmaod cnobili figura yofila. SesaZloa, flakusi metricausa vaniuss cvlis vanusad. 312 arc is aris gamoricxuli, rom warmoebisas,flakusi laT. leqsikur formativs vanus gamoiyenebs mniSvnelobiT`carieli, amao~.zakorusi (Zacorus) 313 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmoebisas,SesaZloa, flakusi saxels berZn. leqsikuri formatividan zavkoro" `taZrismsaxuri~ awarmoebs, Tumca a. heereni ar eTanxmeba am mosazrebas da gvTavazobsPacorus koniunqturas. pakorusi iyo parTelTa mefe, romelickrasusma daamarcxa Zv. w. 53 w. (Hor. Carm. 3.6.9). 314Tidrusi (Thydrus) 315 – kolxi meomari. flakusis mixedviT, igi md.fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa kavkasosis mier, romelic, Cveulebisamebr,mamiseul faras mwyemsavda; swored aqedan momdinareobs Tidrusis metsaxeli`fasisis msaxuri~; saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. warmoebisasflakusi, SesaZloa, iyenebdes quv- elements `msxverplSewirvis~ da drav-wkomponents `vakeTeb, vmoqmedeb~ mniSvnelobiT.kelenevsi (Celaeneus) 316 – kimerieli misani. sainteresoa saxeliswarmomavloba. pindarosis odebis sqolioebSi `Savgvreman kolxebTan~dakavSirebiT vxvdebiT sqoliastis SeniSvnas: èrTni amboben, rom esniSnavs `saxiT SeSinebuls~, radgan `kelainoss~ xmaroben `SeSinebis~309 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 192310 Sdr. H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 93.311 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 114-119.312 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 16; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 62; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347.313 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 554314 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 19; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 214.315 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 639.316 Val. Flacc. Arg. 3. 406.206

mniSvnelobiT. xolo sxvebi amboben, rom skviTebi egviptelTa kolonistebiarian, amitomaa, rom amboben, Savkanianebi ariano. xolo safiqrebelia,rom isini (marTlac) egviptelTa kolonistebi arian~; T. yaux-CiSvilis azriT, am sityvis kavSiri `SeSinebasa~ da `gaocebasTan~(kataplhktikov~ da katavplhxi~) ar dgindeba: ùTuod isini, vinc arscnobdnen kolxTa kavSirs egviptelebTan, ver xsnidnen maT Savgvremanobasda upoves aseTi axsna pindarosis cnobas – argonavtebiSeebrZolnen SeSinebul (Tu gaocebul) kolxebs – maxvili kolxebis sxvaTvisebaze gaakeTes. aq Cans berZnis damokidebuleba araberZnis mimarT~. 317kelainov~ niSnavs `Savs~, `muqs~, `bnels~, am sityvis semantika rom flakusisTvisacniSandoblivia, mis mier poemaSi mowodebuli informaciaccxadyofs: misani kelenevsi Savi tanisamosiT aris mosili ...atraque sedens investe Celaeneus (3. 406), amdenad, es saxeli aSkarad metyvel saxelTa rigsmiekuTvneba.keramnusi (Ceramnus) 318 – skviTi meomari. sxva wyaro skviT keramnussar ixseniebs. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. warmoebisas, SesaZloa,flakusi iyenebs berZ. kevramo" mniSvnelobiT `Tixa~. 319latrisi (Latris) 320 – persesis mokavSire. iberieli sardali. ВДИ-iskomentatoris mixedviT, es saxeli Crd. SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiTsxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba. 321 saxelis warmoebisas flakusi, savaraudod,iyenebs antikurobaSi gavrcelebul latr- elements, rac metyvelsaxelTa rigs miekuTvneba `msaxuris, macnis, qurumis~ mniSvnelobiT (Sdr.aseve Plin. Nat. 4.97 insulam Latrim).leqsanori (Lexanor) 322 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavlobaucnobia, Tumca arcTu iSviaTad gvxvdeba berZn. saxelebi -anwr daboloebiT.albaT, es saxeli dakavSirebulia lex- (Leleges) fuZesTan, Tu gaviTvaliswinebTimasac, rom -anwr daboloeba ajnhvr formatividan momdinareobs,leqsanori SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc mWevrmetyveli.317 T. yauxCiSvili, 1976, 39.318 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 550.319 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 213.320 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 121.321 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 64; Franke, Latris, RE, XII.1, 978; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.322 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 686.207

medoresi (Medores) 323 – hirkanieli meomari. saxelis warmoebisasflakusi Zvel samyaroSi gavrcelebul onomastikur med- fuZesgamoiyenebs, romelic, metwilad, berZn. mhvdomai `vzrunav, ganvizraxav~zmnis semantikasTan aris dakavSirebuli: Sdr. aseve Mevdwn, Mhvdeia.SesaZloa, es saxeli aseve davukavSiroT troelTa erT-erT mokavSiresMevdwn-s (Hom. Il. 17. 216, Sdr. aseve Verg. Aen. VI 483) an kentavrs, romelicovidiusTan gvxvdeba (Ov. Met. 12. 303). 3243.2. antikur avtorebTan dadasturebuli saxelebiaroni (Aron) 325 – aietis mokavSire. sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxeliaantikur wyaroebSi. 326 am saxels atarebs sxvadasxva regionTan dakavSirebuliaraerTi piri (PGE). aris mcdeloba, es saxeli daukavSiron sofelsdalmatiur sanapiroze (Aronia, RE, II 1, 1215). 327evriale (Euryale) 328 – aietis mokavSire. amaZoni. ase hqvia erT-erTgorgonas (Hes. Theog. 276, Pind. Pyth. 12, 20, Apollod. II, 4, 2, 7), aseve minosisasuls, romelmac poseidonTan SeuRlebiT Sva orioni (Arat. 322, Hyg. astr. II34). 329 rogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba.zetesi (Zetes) 330 – kolxi meomari. aRsaniSnavia, rom amave saxelsatarebs argonavti Zetesi. rogorc kolxi meomris saxeli, mxolod flakusTangvxvdeba, amdenad, savaraudod, igi mis mier Seqmnili personaJia.Toe (Thoe) 331 – amaZoni meomari qali. gavrcelebuli saxeliaantikur wyaroebSi. am saxels atarebs okeanosisa da teTisis asuli (Hes.th. 354), nerevsisa da dorisis asuli (Il. 18. 40). 332 Toe, rogorc amaZonissaxeli, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, amdenad, savaraudod igi mis mierSeqmnili personaJia.323 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 203-218.324 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 99.325 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 587-592; 6. 524-541.326 Hoefer, Arron, RE, II 1, 1260.327 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 266-7.328 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 611-614, 6. 370-379.329 Wagner, Euryale, RE, VI.1, 1316-17.330 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 572.331 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 375.332 G. Türk, Thoe, RE, VI A.1, 303.208

idasmenusi (Idasmenus) 333 – skviTi meomari. ar aris gamoricxuli, amSemTxvevaSi flakusi saxels ori komponentidan Idas, romelic antikurobaSigavrcelebuli sakuTari saxelia (a. m. idasi ewodeba erT-erTargonavts) da meno-dan awarmoebdes, Sdr. Ariasmenus. SeiZleba vivaraudoT,rom idasmenusi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia.kirnusi (Cyrnus) 334 – kolxi meomari. sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxeliaantikur onomastikaSi. am saxels atarebs sxvadasxva regionTandakavSirebuli araerTi piri (PGE). aseve cnobilia amave saxelwodebismdinare, romelic kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba (Plut. Pomp. 34. 35, Dio Cass. 36.53,54) da romelic md. kirosis sinonimia. 335 kolxi kirnusi mxolod flakusTangvxvdeba, sxva wyaro mas ar ixseniebs. 336like (Lyce) 337 – amaZoni meomari qali. es saxeli dasturdebahoraciusTan, kerZod, ase iwodeba horaciusis satrfo (Hor. Od. 4, 13). likerogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba. albaT, igi mismier gamogonili personaJia.meotisi (Maeotis) 338 – nimfa. pevkonis deda. saxeli ukavSirdebaamJamindeli azovis zRvis Zvel saxelwodebas, meotisi akavSirebdakimeriul bosfoross pontos evqsinosTan. 339 igi aris agreTve Savi zRvisCrd.-aRm. mdebare mxare, zogierTi ganmartebiT, skviTia, sadac arismeotisis tba (Schol. ad Aeneid. VI, 799). zogierTi gadmocemiT, heliosisvaJebs samflobelod Semdegi miwebi ergoT: aiets meotisi da kolxeTi,persess ki _ tavria (Schol. ad Ap. Rhod. III 200). Maiw'ti~ livmnh (Maeotes lacus Plin.n. h. IV 84; Maeotica palus II 168; Maeotis, Maeotis lacus IV 75; Maeotius lacus IV 76)formis gverdiT dasturdeba ioniuri forma Maih'ti~ (Herod. IV 20-123).laTinurSi dasturdeba aseve naT. br. formiT Maeotidis, iSviaTad Maeotis(Cic. Tuscul. V 17, Plin. IV 84). flakusTan am saxels atarebs mis miergamogonili nimfa.333 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 196-99.334 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 297.335 Tomaschek, Cyrni, RE, IV.2, 1943-1944.336 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 128.337 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 374.338 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 565.339 Herrmann, Maiotis, RE, XIV. 1, 590-592.209

menipe (Menippe) 340 – amaZoni meomari qali. ase ewodeba nerevsisa dadorisis asuls (Hes. th. 260). 341 menipe rogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxolodflakusTan gvxvdeba. savaraudod, igi mis mier gamogonili personaJi undaiyos.pevke (Peuce) 342 – nimfa. am saxelwodebis kunZuli uZvelesi wyaros,apolonios rodoselis, mixedviT istrosis SesarTavSi mdebareobda,CrdiloeTiT Navrhko~ stovma, xolo samxreTiT Kalo;n stovma esazRvreboda;es kunZuli sakmaod xSirad dasturdeba romael avtorebTanac: Lucan. III201f., Martial. VII 54, 3. 343 sakmaod did mniSvnelobas aniWebs am adgilsvalerius flakusic, romelic ramdenimegzis moixseniebs mas (8. 256, 293,376f.), ramdenadac swored aq imarTeba iasonisa da medeas qorwili.sainteresoa aseve is faqtic, rom am kunZulis saxelis mqone nimfasacigonebs da aseT ambavs akavSirebs masTan: nimfa pevkesTvis namusi auxdiamdinare istrusis RvTaebas; niSandoblivia, rom flakusi am konteqstiTiasonisa da medeas uiRblo qorwinebaze migvaniSnebs.sibotesi (Sibotes) 344 – kolxi meomari. sibotesi sakmaodgavrcelebuli berZnuli saxelia (PGE). skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT espersonaJi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba. 345 albaT, is flakusis miergamogonili personaJia.sinope (Sinope) 346 _ nimfa. am saxeliT antikur wyaroebSi dasturdebaelinuri qalaqi pontos samxr. sanapiroze, paflagoniis naxevarkunZulze,(as)siriad wodebul mxareSi (Skyl. 89, Dionys. perieg. 772 da Schol. Nikeph. 761,Eustath. zu Dionys. 775. 1166, Schol. Apoll. Rhod. II 946). mela mas xalibebTanganaTavsebs (Mela I 105). herodotosi sinopes adgilmdebareobas amgvaradgansazRvravda: ` egvipte mdebareobs mTiani kilikiis pirdapir. aqedansinopemde, romelic evqsinos pontosTanaa, xuTi dRis pirdapiri gzaamsubuqad SeiaraRebuli kacisaTvis. xolo sinope mdebareobs im adgilispirdapir, sadac istrosi zRvas erTvis~ (II, 34). polibiosi gadmogvcems,340 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 377.341 Gunning, Menippe, RE, XV.1 860-861.342 Val. Flacc. Arg. 8. 217.343 E. Polaschek, Peuce, RE, XIX.2, 1384-1390.344 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 248-50.345 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 111.346 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 109.210

om sinope mdebareobs pontos marcxena mxares, vinc fasisSi micuravs damdebareobs zRvaSi SeWril naxevarkunZulze, romlis yelic uerTdebaazias (Polyb. IV, 56, 5). sinope adridanve daukavSirda argonavtebisTqmulebas (Strab. I, 46). mas saxeli unda mieRo amaZoni sinopesagan (Ps. –Skymn. 941. Anon. peripl. Pont. Eux. 21. Nikeph. 761 f. Dionys. perieg. 775 f. Fest. Avien. 951f., Schol. Apoll. Rhod. II 946). misi Tavi gamosaxulia sinopes monetebze. sinopedauarsebiaT iasonis Tanamgzavrs, argonavt avtolikoss, deileonsa daflogioss (Ps. Skymn. 944 f.). avtolikosi lukulusis drosac iTvleboda,rogorc oijkisthv~ da Tayvans scemdnen mas, rogorc RmerTs. arsebobda misiorakulic (Strab. XII, 546; Plut. Luk. 23; Appian. Mithr. 83). 347strimoni (Strymon) 348 – kolxi meomari. hesiodesTan am saxeliTdasturdeba mdinaris RmerTi, teTisisa da okeanosis vaJi (Hes. th. 339).aseve SesaZloa, es saxeli davukavSiroT amave saxelwodebis sasazRvromdinares Strumwvn makedoniasa da Trakias Soris (Verg. Aen. X 265; Sdr. Stat.Theb. 5,188), Sdr. aseve Strymonius – troeli meomari vergiliusTan (Aen. X414). 349 savaraudod, strimoni flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia.tagesi (Tages) 350 – skviTi meomari. es saxeli sakmaod gavrcelebuliaegviptur da berZnul-romaul onomastikaSi. 351 igi gvxvdeba ovidiusTanetruski personaJis aRsaniSnavad (Ov. Met. 15.558); aseve vxvdebiT am saxelsstaciusTanac (Stat. Theb. 9.270). etimologiis cdas ukve antikur wyaroebSigvTavazoben: ajpo; th'" gh'" (Schol. Lucan. I 636). staciusis komentatori devarimiiCnevs, rom es saxeli etruskulia da skviTiasTan araferi aqvs saerTo;sagulisxmoa, rom -us sufiqsiT gaformebuli saxeli Tagus erT-erTirutuli meomris saxelia vergiliusTan (Aen. IX 418). skviTiasTandakavSirebiT tagesi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba. 352talavsi (Talaus) 353 – skviTi meomari. antikur wyaroebSi dadasturebulisaxelia, 354 ase ewodeba iliriosis erT-erT Svils, romelic347 Ruge, Sinope, RE, 3A. 1, 252-255.348 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 192-4.349 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 93; Türk, Strymon, RE, IV A.1, 394.350 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 221-7.351 Tages, RE, IV A.2, 2009-2011.352 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000,102-103.353 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 222.354 Scherling, Taulas, RE, IV A.2, 2530.211

ilirieli tavlantiebis eponimi iyo (App. Illyr. 2), Sdr. aseve lukanusiTaulantius incola (Luc. 6.16). TviTon es iliriuli tomi moxseniebuliapliniusTan proprieque dicti Illyri et Taulanti et Pyraei (Plin. 3.144). skviTiasTandakavSirebiT talavss mxolod flakusTan vxvdebiT, albaT, es personaJimis mier aris gamogonili. 355falkesi (Phalces) 356 – skviTi meomari. rac Seexeba saxeliswarmomavlobas, igi SesaZloa davukavSiroT erT-erT troel gmirshomerosTan (Hom. Il. 13, 791, 14. 513). 357 skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT falkesisxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.friqsusi (Phrixus) 358 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. racSeexeba saxelis warmomavlobas, flakusi am skviT personaJs miTologiurtradiciaSi cnobili eolidi friqsosis saxels arqmevs. 359heliqsi (Helix) 360 – skviTi meomari. sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxeliaantikur wyaroebSi. am saxels atarebs sxvadasxva regionTandakavSirebuli araerTi piri (PGE). SesaZloa, flakusi am saxelsawarmoebs ovidiusis mixedviT (Ov. Met. 5.87 intonsumque comas Helicem). 361rogorc skviTi meomari heliqsi mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, amdenad,SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom igi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia.henioxe (Henioche) 362 – medeas kolxi ZiZa. am saxeliT antikur wyaroebSisxvadasxva miTologiuri personaJi moixsenieba: kreonis meuRle (Hes.scut. 83), pitTeusis asuli, kaneTosis meuRle da skironis deda (Plut. Thes.25); 363 cnobilia aseve henioxebis tomis saxelwodeba, amdenad, savsebiT SesaZlebelia,es saxeli swored am eTnonimidan iyos nawarmoebi Heniochi. 364henioxe, rogorc kolxi personaJis saxeli, mxolod flakusTangvxvdeba. 365355 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 102.356 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 88-9, 244-7, 554.357 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 52; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.358 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 70.359 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 46; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.360 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 569-71.361 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 220-221.362 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 357.363 Weicker, Henioche, RE, VIII.1, 258.364 Kiessling, Heniochi, RE, VIII, 259-280.365 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 180.212

amastrusi (Amastrus) 366 – skviTi meomari. aRsaniSnavia, rom amavesaxels atarebs agreTve flakusTan moxseniebuli kizikieli gmiric (3.145). antikur wyaroebSi gvxvdeba rogorc md. sq. saxeli. Amastrisdasturdeba rogorc amaZoni qalis saxeli, romelmac q. amastrisidaafuZna (Demosth. Bith. b. St. B. 2) da rogorc sparsel qalTa erTob gavrcelebulisakuTari saxeli: amastrisi qserqses meuRles, darios II-isqaliSvils, artaqserqses II-is asuls da a. S. erqvaT. ase moixseniebavergiliusTan erT-erTi troeli meomari (Verg. Aen. XI 674), amdenad, ufrosarwmunod migvaCnia is mosazreba, rom am personaJisaTvis saxeli flakusmavergiliusisgan isesxa. savaraudod, amastrusi flakusis mier SeqmnilipersonaJi unda iyos, Tumca am skviTi mebrZolis saxeldebisasmisi inspiraciis wyaro, albaT, vergiliusia. 367anqsuri (Anxur) 368 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. rogorcskviTi meomari sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba, Tumca, wyaroebSi essaxeli sxvadasxva formiT xSirad gvxvdeba. cnobilia amave saxelwodebispersonaJi vergiliusTan, sadac igi warmodgenilia rogorc turnusisTanamgzavri rutuli mebrZoli (Verg. Aen. X. 544 f.); savaraudod, igi vergiliusismier gamogonili personaJi unda iyos. 369 saxelis etimologiiscdas vxvdebiT ukve antikur wyaroebSi, a. m., serviusi mas (Serv. Aen. VII 799)berZnuli formidan a[neu xuvra" awarmoebs. SesaZloa, flakusma saxelivergiliusis gavleniT gadmoiRo. 370kaikusi (Caicus) 371 – kolxi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia.kaikusi farTod gavrcelebuli saxelia antikurobaSi. am saxelwodebismd. arsebobda misiaSi (Hes. Th. 338ff.; Pind. I. 4 (5), 53. Verg. G. 4. 370. Ov. Ars. 3.196), agreTve cnobilia Kai?kou pedivon (Her. 6. 28). CvenTvis niSandoblivia,rom am saxels atarebs erT-erTi troeli gmiri vergiliusTan (Aen. I 183,IX 35). savaraudod, kaikusi flakusis mier gamogonili personaJia da misiwyaro SesaZloa, rom swored vergiliusi iyo. 372366 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 554-556.367 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 215; Tümpel, Amastris, RE, I.2, 1749-50; Amastros, RE, I.2, 1750.368 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 68.369 O. Rossbach, Anxur, RE, I.2, 2652-2653.370 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 45; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.371 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 688-9.372 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 261-2.213

latagusi (Latagus) 373 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.aRsaniSnavia, rom amave saxeldebiT gvxvdeba troeli gmiri vergiliusTan(Aen. X 697) da savsebiT SesaZloa, wyaros swored es romaeli epikosiwarmoadgenda. aseve Sdr. aRmosavluri qalaqi elianesTan povli" dev ejstin!Indwn hJ Latavgh (Ael. Nat. An. 16.10). 374hebrusi (Hebrus) 375 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia.flakusTan vxvdebiT amave saxelwodebis mdinares TrakiaSi, romelic gan-Tqmuli iyo oqroTi (Sdr. Verg. Ecl. 10.65, Hor. Carm. 3.25.10, Stat. Theb. 7.66), amsaxels atarebs flakusTan erT-erTi kizikieli gmiric (3. 149). hebrusissaxeli SeiZleba aseve davukavSiroT vergiliusis personaJs, troelidoliqaonis Zes (A. X 696, XII 331), Sdr. aseve (Stat.Theb.10.315). 376ironi (Iron) 377 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. sxvawyaro irons ar ixseniebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom amave saxels atarebs agreTveflakusTan moxseniebuli kizikieli gmiric (3. 111). SeiZleba vivaraudoT,rom ironi sakmaod gavrcelebuli saxelis hieronis Semoklebuli formaaan irosis saxecvlili ekvivalenti.3.3. antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebuli elementebiskombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebioebasusi (Oebasus) 378 – kolxi meomari. warmoebisas, SesaZloa flakusiiRebs antikur onomastikaSi gavrcelebul Oeb- elements da urTavs-asus sufiqss (Sdr. Oijbavdh", Oi[balo", Oi[bara", Oijbwvta"). SesaZloa saxelsawarmoebs sparsuli saxelidan Oijbavrh", romelic dariosis mejinibe iyo(Her. 3.85-88, 6.33, Aesch. Pers. 984). es personaJi sxva avtorebTan ardasturdeba. 379okrevsi (Ocreus) 380 – kolxi meomari. SesaZloa flakusi iRebs antikuronomastikaSi gavrcelebul Ocr- elements da urTavs saxelis373 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 584, 6. 572.374 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 272.375 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 618.376 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 237; Oberhummer, Hebros, RE, VII.2, 2589-2590.377 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 201-2.378 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 244-7.379 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 110.380 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6.250-251.214

mawarmoebel -eus sufiqss (Sdr. Oncheus, Ocheus). Tu gaviTvaliswinebiTsaxelis koniunqturas Otreus, ase erqva frigiis mefes (Hom. Il. III 186). 381onxevsi (Oncheus) 382 – skviTi meomari. warmoebisas, SesaZloaflakusi iRebs antikur onomastikaSi gavrcelebul Onch- elements (!Ogcovhq. fokisSi. !Ogcoai'o". !Ogcoeuv" St. B.) da urTavs saxelis mawarmoebel -eussufiqss (Sdr. Ocreus, Ocheus). a. heerenis mixedviT, saxeli nawarmoebiabeotiuri qalaqidan #Ogchsto", romelic moxseniebulia Apoll. Rhod.-Tan(3.1242). 383 es personaJi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.stirusi (Styrus) 384 – albaneli sardali. SeiZleba davukavSiroT q.stiras (Stuvra) evbeas samxr.-das. sanapiroze (Il. 2, 539) an herodotosTandadasturebul eTnonims Sturei'" (Her. 8. 1) Stureve" (Her. 6, 107). es personaJiSeiZleba SevadaroT vergiliusis turnuss, rac safuZvels gvaZlevsvifiqroT, rom flakusis inspiraciis wyaro am personaJis Seqmnisasswored igi iyo. stirusi SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT arcerT sxvaavtorTan ar dasturdeba.harpe (Harpe) 385 – amaZoni meomari qali. Harp- elementi antikur onomastikaSisakmaod gavrcelebulia. harpe rogorc amaZonis saxeli, mxolodflakusTan gvxvdeba. amdenad, igi mis mier Seqmnili personaJi undaiyos.hipetaoni (Hypetaon) 386 – kolxi meomari. ar aris gamoricxuli, amSemTxvevaSi flakusi saxels ori komponentidan hyp- antikur onomastikaSigavrcelebuli elementiT da -taon bolosarTiT awarmoebdes.hipetaoni sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.3.4. Trakiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebiodrusa (Odrussa) 387 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia. esaRmosavluri warmoSobis saxeli sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo antikurobaSi.pliniusis mixedviT, arsebobda aseTi saxelwodebis Trakiulitomi (Plin. Nat. 4.40: Odrysarum gens fundit Hebrum, ix. Lenk, B., Odrysai, RE, XVII 2,381 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 112.382 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 256.383 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 14; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 114.384 Val. Flacc. Arg. 3. 492-497, 5. 459-460, 6. 266-278, 8. 298-305, 328-368.385 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 375-6.386 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 637.387 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 594-5.215

1900-1903). stef. bizantielis mixedviT, #Odrusa odrisebis qalaqia, !Odruvsh"ki md. rindakusis Senakadi misiaSi (Strab. 12, 550 . 551; Xen. An. 7, 5, 1; D. Per. 793,ix. Ruge, W., RE, XVII 2, 1903-1904). hesiqiosis Tanaxmad, ase iwodeboda skvi-Tebis mefe (Hesych. Miles. fr. 4, 14). 388 flakusi am gavrcelebul saxelsTavisi gamogonili personaJisTvis iyenebs da mas gansxvavebulad awarmoebs-a sufiqsiT.suetesi (Suetes) 389 – skviTi meomari. sxva wyaro mas ar ixseniebs. 390saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. a. heereni mxars uWers Sraderis koniunqturasSeuthen, ramdenadac Seuthes dasturdeba rogorc samefo saxeliodrisul TrakiaSi (Thuc. 2.97; Xen. An. 7.1.5; Liv. 42.51.10). 3913.5. skviTuri da Crd. SavizRvispireTis onomastikuri elementebiskombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebiavxusi (Auchus) 392 – persesis mokavSire. kimerieli sardali. ВДИ-iskomentatori am saxels ukavSirebs avxatebis toms (Plin. Nat. 6.22), romlebic,herodotosis Tanaxmad (IV 6), pirveli skviTis, targiteosis vaJis,lipoqseosisgan iReben dasabams. 393 avxusi / avxatebi – aseTi tipis monacvleobissailustraciod SesaZloa sxva magaliTebis moyvanac: Anasi /Anausis, Colaxais / Colaxes, Tyra / Tyras, Bastarnae / Batarnae, Thyssagetes / Thyrsagetes.avxusi, rogorc kimerieli personaJi, mxolod flakusTan dasturdeba.savaraudod, igi mis mier Seqmnili figura unda iyos. 394ariasmenusi (Ariasmenus) 395 – persesis mokavSire, skviTi meomari. ВДИiskomentatori am saxels ukavSirebs arimaspebis toms 396 , romlebic drangebisada araxosiebs Soris saxlobdnen (Arr. Anab. III, 27, 4). 397 sxva wyaroariasmenuss ar ixseniebs. 398 ar aris gamoricxuli, am SemTxvevaSi flakusi388 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 268-269.389 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 550.390 Türk, Suetes, RE, IV A.1, 591.391 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 21; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 213.392 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6.60, 619.393 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345; Tomaschek, Auchatai, RE, II 2, 2268.394 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 42.395 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 103-105, 386-426.396 Wernicke, Arimaspoi, RE, II 1, 826.397 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347.398 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 15; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 58.216

saxels ori komponentidan aria(s)- (aria – ase ewodeboda Tanamedroveirans) da meno- bolosarTiT awarmoebdes.arinesi (Arines) 399 – kolxi meomari. flakusi, SesaZloa, iyenebdesZveli samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebul arin- elements. igi aseveSesaZloa davukavSiroT punikur simagres arines (Liv. 26.49.5) an erT-erTidakiuri mdinaris saxelwodebas. 400kaspiusi (Caspius) 401 – skviTi meomari. flakusi, rogorc Cans, saxeliswarmoebisas sxva wyaroebSi farTod dadasturebul toponims an eTnonimsiyenebs. igi moixseniebs agreTve skviTur toms, kaspiadebs (6.107). 402 kaspiusi,rogorc skviTi gmiri, mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, savaraudod, igimis mier gamogonili personaJi unda iyos. 403kolaqsesi (Colaxes) 404 – persesis mokavSire skviTi sardali. ВДИ-iskomentatoris mixedviT, saxelis warmoebisas, flakusi, SesaZloaherodotosiseul kolaqsaiss iyenebs, romelic skviTiis pirveli mefe iyo(Her. IV, 5). 405 formaTa aseTi monacvleobis sailustraciod SesaZloa sxvamagaliTebis moyvanac: Anasi / Anausis, Auchates / Auchus, Tyra / Tyras, Bastarnae /Batarnae, Thyssagetes / Thyrsagetes. saxeli aseve SeiZleba davukavSiroTkolebisa da kolxebis saxeldebas. 406mirakesi (Myraces) 407 – parTeli elCi kolxidaSi. igi SeiZlebadavukavSiroT flakusTan dadasturebul amave saxelwodebis md. mirakes,romlis maxlobladac iSva skviTi mebrZoli kolaqsesi (6. 50). ВДИ-is komentatorismixedviT, es saxeli unda SevupirispiroT ptolemaiosistamirakes (tamirake (Geogr. III, 5, 2) iyo qalaqi skviTiaSi, aseve koncxihileaSi (Sdr. Tmolus (Timolus) Timorus Strab. 7.7.11) da aseve mirgetebis tomis399 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 638;400 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 57; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 244.401 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 189-192.402 Tomaschek, Caspiae, RE, III.2, 1654.403 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 92.404 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 48, 621, 646.405 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345.406 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 37-8.407 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 690, 717.217

saxeldebas (Hec. fr. 155). ramdenadac parTeli mirakesი sxva avtorebTan argvxvdeba, unda vivaraudoT, rom es personaJi flakusma Seqmna. 408olbusi (Olbus) 409 – kolxi meomari. aRsaniSnavia, rom dasturdeba amsaxelwodebis (!Olbiva) qalaqi evropul sarmatiaSi, hipanisis marjvena sanapiroze.sxva cnobebis mixedviT, ase iwodeboda mdinare borisTenesTan.flakusi, rogorc Cans, am saxelwodebis mixedviTYawarmoebs mamakaci personaJissaxels -us sufiqsis darTviT. es figura sxva avtorebTan ardasturdeba.rifevsi (Ripheus) 410 – kolxi meomari. flakusi saxelis warmoebisas,SesaZloa, iyenebdes Zveli samyaros onomastikaSi gavrcelebul Riph-/Rhipelements. Sittig-is Tanaxmad (RE, I A.1, 921), flakuss es saxeli unda Seeqmnageogr. punqtis Riphaei montes mixedviT, rac uSualod flakusTanacsaxeldeba ramdenimegzis (2. 516, 5. 558, 602, 6. 33, 119, 7. 562; Sdr. aseve Serv.Aen. IX 82), 411Tumca, unda SevniSnoT, rom flakusis inspiraciis wyarosSesaZloa uSualod vergiliusi warmoadgenda, ramdenadac èneadaSi~ amsaxels atarebs erT-erTi troeli gmiri (II 339, Sdr. aseve sxva troeligmiric II 334. 426 ekvivalenturi Riph-//Rhipeus formiT, Sdr. ovidiusTanerT-erTi kentavris saxeli Ov. Met. XII 352). skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT espersonaJi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba. albaT, rifevsi flakusis miergamogonili personaJia.taqsesi (Taxes) 412 – skviTi meomari. savaraudod, igi SeiZlebadavukavSiroT skviTebis mefe Tavxaki"-is saxels, romelic herodotosTangvxvdeba (Her. 4.120) an hidronims TrakiaSi (Tavxo"); saxelis warmoebisTvisSdr. aseve otaqsesi (Val. Flacc. 6. 529). 413tevtagonusi (Teutagonus) 414 – persesis mokavSire skviTi sardali. saxeliswarmomavloba ucnobia. saxeli Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: teuvta(Sdr. Teutamus (Hom.Il.2.840) da -govno" bolosarTisgan. a. heereni marTebuladaRniSnavs, rom teuto- TavsarTiT dawyebuli saxelebi germanuli an408 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 263.409 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 638.410 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 557-62.411 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 216; Sdr. Sittig, Ripheus, RE, I A.1, 921.412 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 252-7.413 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 112.414 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 97.218

galuri warmomavlobisaa, teuta-Ti ki – berZnuli. 415 tevtagonusi Crd.SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba. 416tiresi (Tyres) 417 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. flakusi moixseniebsmsgavsi saxelwodebis mdinares sarmatiaSi Tyra // Tyres (dnestri)da, savsebiT SesaZloa, rom saxels swored am hidronimidan awarmoebdes.skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT tiresi sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba. 418pevkoni (Peucon) 419 – geteli meomari. rac Seexeba saxelis warmomavlobas,am fuZidan nawarmoebi derivatebi sakmaod gavrcelebuliaantikur onomastikaSi (Peukai'oi – xalxi iapigiaSi, St. B.; Peukeuv" – heraklesepiTeti, Lyc. 663; Peuvkh – kunZuli misiaSi, Arr. An. 1, 2, 2, Apoll. Rhod. 4, 309;Peu'kai, Zos. 1, 42; istrosis samxr. Senakadi, Ptol. 3, 10, 2; mTebi evropulsarmatiaSi, Ptol. 3, 5, 15). es formativi uSualod flakusTanac gvxvdeba rogorcmdedr. sq. saxeli pevke, romelic erT-erTi nimfis (8. 256) daimavdroulad kunZulis aRmniSvneli saxelicaa (8. 217, 8. 293, 8. 376).Sesabamisad, flakusi am mamakaci personaJis saxels -on sufiqsis darTviTawarmoebs da igi am formiT mxolod masTan dasturdeba. 420sidoni (Sidon) 421 – skviTi meomari. ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT, essaxeli unda davukavSiroT meotiis erT-erT toms, sindebs, romlebsacapolonios rodoseli moixseniebs (Apoll. Rhod. IV 322), Tumca es ukanasknelisindebs urevs Trakiel sidonebSi. 422 aseve SesaZloa am saxelisdakavSireba finikiis uZvelesi qalaqis saxelwodebasTan Sidwvn (Od. 15, 425;Scyl. 104; Strab. 16, 756; Verg. Aen. I 446, 613), romelsac TviT flakusicaxsenebs, saxeldobr ki, am saxelisgan nawarmoeb adieqtivur formasSidonicus (6. 95). ramdenadac es saxeli skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT sxva avtorebTanar gvxvdeba, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom es personaJi flakusismier aris gamogonili. 423415 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 61; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 56.416 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 347.417 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 201.418 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 95.419 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 563-9.420 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 218.421 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 69.422 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.423 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 45-46; Honigmann, Sidon, RE, II A.2, 2216-2229, Gressmann, RE, II A.2, 2229-2230.219

hipanisi (Hypanis) 424 – skviTi meomari. savaraudod, igi SeiZlebadavukavSiroT md. hipaniss, borisTenesis did Senakads evropul sarmatiaSi(Her. 4. 52, Sdr. aseve Val. Flacc. 4. 710, 6. 147). stefane bizantielisTanaxmad, amave saxelwodebis qalaqi arsebobda pontossa da meotissSoris. 425 aseve savsebiT SesaZloa, rom am personaJis Seqmnisas flakusisinspiraciis wyaros vergiliusi warmoadgenda. masTan am saxeliT erTerTitroeli mebrZoli moixsenieba (Aen. II 340, 428). skviTiasTan dakavSirebiThipanisi mxolod flakusTan gvxvdeba, albaT, igi mis mierSeqmnili figuraa.hora (Hora) 426 – skviTi qalRvTaeba. kolaqsesis deda. saxeliswarmomavloba ucnobia, ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT, SesaZloa, is davukavSiroTartemisis epiTets @Wraiva, rac pireosSic aris epigrafikuladdadasturebuli. herodotosi (4.59) moixseniebs, rom skviTebi Tayvansscemdnen skviTebis umaRles RvTaebas @Istivhn me;n mavlista (skviTuradTabitiv). 427 ovidiusTan ase iwodeba hersilie, mas Semdeg, rac igi qalRmer-Ti gaxda (Ov. Met. 14.850). aseTi saxelwodebis nimfa skviTiasTan dakavSirebiTmxolod flakusTan dasturdeba. 4283.6. winaaziuri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebiarmisi (Armis) 429 – skviTi meomari. sxva wyaro armiss ar ixseniebs.saxelis warmomavloba ucnobia. SesaZloa, flakusi saxelis warmoebisasan laT. arm- ìaraRis~ mniSvnelobis mqone elements an winaaziuronomastikaSi gavrcelebul arm- fuZes iyenebs. gronoviusi da heinsiusiupiratesobas aniWeben Armes formas, ramdenadac mas advilad ukavSirebenarmenias. 430rambelusi (Rambelus) 431 – skviTi meomari. SesaZloa, flakusiiyenebdes antikuri epoqis onomastikaSi dadasturebul ramb- elements:Sdr. @Rambai'oi – nomad. xalxi siriaSi (Strab. 16.2.10); @Rambavka" oJ Mh'do" (Xen.424 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 252-5.425 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 112; Kiessling, Hypanis, RE, IX.1, 210-230.426 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 58.427 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345.428 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 41.429 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 530-541.430 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 207.431 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 529.220

Cyrop. 5.3.42), maSin roca @Rambavkia sofelia beluxistanSi (Arr. Anab. Alex.6.21.5). 432kampesusi (Campesus) 433 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.SesaZloa, es aRmosavluri warmoSobis saxeli davukavSiroT adgilskapadokiaSi, romelsac Kavmpai ewodeba. 434 aseve SesaZloa flakusi an antikuriepoqis onomastikaSi farTod gavrcelebul camp- elements iyenebs(Sdr. miTiuri urCxulis saxeli Kamphv, Apollod. I 2, 1, Kroll, RE, 10.1842) an e.w. metyvel saxels laT. campus `mindori~ formatividan awarmoebs dagvTavazobs misgan -esus daboloebiT formirebul mamakacis saxels, romelicsxva wyaroSi ar gvxvdeba.karesusi (Caresus) 435 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmomavlobaucnobia. igi SesaZloa davukavSiroT amave saxelwodebis mdinares troaSiKavrhso" ƒ Karessov" (Il. 12, 20). 436 sxva wyaro karesuss skviTiasTandakavSirebiT ar ixseniebs.karmeiusi (Carmeius) 437 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia. esaRmosavluri warmoSobis saxeli SesaZloa davukavSiroT pliniusTandadasturebul formas Carmei (Plin. n. h. 6. 157: Minaei ..., quorum Carmei) dadavuSvaT, rom swored es avtori warmoadgenda flakusis wyaros. 438kremedoni (Cremedon) 439 – albaneli meomari. igi SesaZloadavukavSiroT pontosSi arsebul qalaqs Krevmh; Sdr. staciusTan dadasturebulisaxeli Chremetaon (Stat. Theb. 7.712: falcato... Chremetaona curru). 440albaneli kremedoni sxva wyaroSi ar dasturdeba.prioni (Prion) 441 – geteli meomari. saxelis warmoebisas, SesaZloaflakusi iyenebs antikur onomastikaSi dadasturebul leqsikur formativs(adgili libiaSi Pol. 1, 85; mdinare arabeTis samx. sanapiroze Ptol. 6,7, 10. 13; mdinare indoeTSi Steph. Byz.; mTa sardesSi Pol. 7, 15; mTa kunZul432 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 207.433 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 593, 6. 243-4.434 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 268.435 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 192-4.436 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 93.437 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 578-83.438 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 265.439 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 194.440 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 93-4.441 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 619.221

qiosze Plin. n. h. 5, 31, 36), riTac uneburad afarTovebs Crd. SavizRvispire-Tis onomastikas.3.7. sparsuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebibarisasi (Barisas) 442 – skviTi meomari. warmoebisas flakusi, Sesa-Zloa, iyenebdes Zveli samyaros onomastikaSi farTod gavrcelebul barisformativs.Bavri" ewodeba qalRmerTs ekbatanaSi (PGE); aseve gvxvdebamsgavsi fuZis sparsuli saxeli Barivssh" (Ctesias, FHG 688.F 13.16). 443 skvi-TiasTan dakavSirebiT es saxeli sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba.darapsi (Daraps) 444 – skviTi sardali. ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT,es saxeli SavizRvispireTTan dakavSirebiT sxva avtorebTan ardasturdeba. SeiZleba paraleli gavavloT sparseTis mefe darios I-isada misi navarqosis datisis saxelebTan, romelic Zv. w. V s-Si sparsulflots meTaurobda. aseve SesaZloa, es saxeli davukavSiroTY baqtriulqalaqs darapsas (Davraya), romelic strabonTan moixsenieba (11.11.2). 445datisi (Datis) 446 – skviTi sardali. ВДИ-is komentatori am saxels,ramdenadac igi SaviszRvispireTisaTvis sxva avtorebTan ar dasturdeba,ukavSirebs sparseTis mefe darios I-is navarqoss datiss, romelic Zv. w.V s-Si meTaurobda sparsul flots. 447voraptusi (Voraptus) 448 – iazigi. gesanderis mama. saxelis warmomavlobaucnobia. SesaZloa, aq moiazrebodes amave saxelwodebis aRmosavlurimdinare, romelic CvenTvis ucnobia. PGE-Si vxvdebiT msgavsisaxelwodebis kunZuls sparseTis yureSi Oujorovcqa. 449iaqsartesi (Iaxartes) 450 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.igi, savaraudod, nawarmoebia hidronimidan !Iaxavrth" (md. sogdianeSi),romelic kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineboda da xSirad urevdnen mas tanaisSi(Strab. 11, 507-518; Plin. Nat. 6.49); arianosis (Arr. An. 3, 30, 7) Tanaxmad, es mdinare442 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 557.443 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 216.444 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 65-66, 572.445 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 44; Tomaschek, Darapsa, RE, IV.2, 2152; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345.446 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 65.447 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 44; Swoboda, Datis, RE, IV.2, 2227-2229; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 345.448 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 288-291.449 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 124.450 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 596-604.222

moiazreba kavkasiaSi (amJ. Hindu Kush), saidanac warmodgeba erT-erTi tomissaxelwodeba Iaxartae. 451oxevsi (Ocheus) 452 – skviTi meomari. SesaZloa, flakusi saxelsawarmoebs och- fuZisagan, mag. Ochos-is, artaqserqses III-is epiTetismixedviT (Diod. Sic. 17.5.3; Plut. Alex. 69), (Sdr. md. iranSi) da urTavs mas -eussufiqss (Sdr. Ocreus, Oncheus). 453 flakusTan vxvdebiT amave Zirisgannawarmoeb saxels erT-erTi kizikieli gmirisaTvis; am SemTxvevaSi saxeli-us sufiqsiT aris gaformebuli: Ochus (3. 148). sxva wyaroSi oxevsiskviTiasTan dakavSirebiT ar dasturdeba.xoaspesi (Choaspes) 454 – aietis mokavSire. warmomavloba ucnobia.SesaZloa, saxeli davukavSiroT md. xoaspess (Coavsph") susianaSi (Her. 1,188); gadmocemis Tanaxmad, sparseli mefeebi da parTeli monarqebi ammdinaris wyals svamdnen (Sdr. [Tib]. Pan. Mess. 3.7.140: regia lympha Choaspes; Plin.Nat. 31.35: Parthorum reges ex Choaspe et Eulaeo tantum bibunt). amave saxelwodebasatarebs md. indoeTSi (Strab. 15, 697). Sdr. aseve hanibalis erT-erTiafrikeli mokavSiris saxeli (Sil. 3.317). skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT xoaspesimxolod flakusTan dasturdeba. 4553.8. egvipturi onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebisienesi (Syenes) 456 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. saxeliswarmomavloba ucnobia. savaraudod, SeiZleba igi davukavSiroT qalaqsSuhvnh-s egviptis samxr. sazRvarze (Her. 2, 28; Ov. Pont. 1.5.79: calidae ... Syenae;Luc. 8.851: exustam Cancro torrente Syenen). h. vismani iziarebs àrgonavtikis~erT-erT xelnawerSi dacul koniunqturas Sirenem, rac SesaZlebels xdis,rom es saxeli davukavSiroT erT-erTi tomis saxelwodebas Sivrake" (Strab.11.5.8), (Sdr. Sirakoiv Strab. 11.2.1; Siraci Plin. Nat. 4.83, Tac. Ann. 12.15, 12.16; Sdr.aseve Siravcoi, Sirakhnoiv, rac nawarmoebia q. Sirakhnhv-dan Strab. 11.51.2). SavizRvispireTTandakavSirebiT es saxeli sxva avtorebTan ar gvxvdeba. 457451 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 270; Herrman, Iaxartes, RE, IX, 1181.452 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 200.453 A. Heeren, Göttingen 1899, 49; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 95.454 Flacc. Arg. 5. 584-6.455 Tomaschek, Choaspes, RE, III.2, 2355; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 273.456 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 74, 6. 703.457 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 48.223

3.9. induri onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebikoastesi (Coastes) 458 – persesis mokavSire. skviTi sardali. ВДИ-iskomentatoris mixedviT, igi SeiZleba davukavSiroT md. koass Crd.-das.indoeTSi (Ptol. Geogr. VI, 18, 2), 459 Sesabamisad, flakusi Tavisda uneburadafarToebs Crd. SavizRvispireTis nomenklaturas. Tu flakusis àrgonavtikis~konteqsts gaviTvaliswinebT, aSkarad niSandoblivia am saxelissemantikac, misi dakavSireba berZnul formativTan kw'a", rac `sawmiss~niSnavs. 4603.10. frigiuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebirindakusi (Rhyndacus) 461 – skviTi meomari. saxelis warmoebasTan dakavSirebiTunda aRiniSnos, rom flakusi amave saxelwodebis mdinaresmoixseniebs (3. 35), romelic frigiaSi lokalizdeba 462 da, SesaZloa, romswored am hidronimisgan awarmoebdes am saxels. sxva avtorebTanrindakusi skviTiasTan dakavSirebiT ar gvxvdeba. 4633.11. parTuli onomastikuri elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebimonesesi (Moneses) 464 – kolxi meomari. am saxeldebiT araerTi personaJidasturdeba antikur wyaroebSi (App. Parth. p. 93; Hor. Od. 3, 6, 9; Lob.Path. 430); igi flakusis Semdgomdroindel tradiciaSic gvxvdebasxvadasxva avtorTan parTeli personaJebis, kerZod, parTeli mefisMonaivsh" aRsaniSnavad (Plut. Ant. 37, 46; D. Cass. 49, 23, 62, 20). 465 unda SevniSnoT,rom flakusi paralelurad moixseniebs sxva kolx personaJsac Monesus.monesusi (Monesus) 466 – kolxi meomari. rac Seexeba saxelis warmoebas,flakusTan vxvdebiT amave fuZis sakuTar saxels Moneses, rac sakmaodgavrcelebuli saxeldebaa antikur onomastikaSi parTeli mefeebis aRsaniSnavadda uSualod flakusTanac dasturdeba, Tumca, kolxi458 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 155-9.459 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 349.460 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 76.461 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 219-221.462 Bürchner, Ryndacus, RE, I A.1, 1286.463 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 102.464 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 189-192.465 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 92.466 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 650-1.224

personaJisaTvis (Sdr. 6. 189) ;467 rogorc Cans, flakusi am SemTxvevaSi,mones- fuZes -us saxelis mawarmoebeli sufiqsiT aformebs.3.12. kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebiaq warmodgenil personaJTagan nawilis saxeldeba flakusamdelitradiciisaTvisac aris cnobili: aia, kavkasusi, fasisi, nawili ki: kirisi,otakesi, otaqsesi da radalusi flakusis gamogonili figurebia.aia (Aea) 468 – kolxi nimfa. savaraudod, berZnuli warmomavlobis esmiTi mxolod flakusTan figurirebs. aiac, rogorc kolxi nimfa, mxolodmasTan gvxvdeba. saxeli aia ukavSirdeba kolxidis sinonimis, aiassaxels (Her. 1, 2; Apoll. Rhod. II 419; Mimn. ep. 10). 469 is, rogorc Cans, am mxarisTu qalaqis eponimad gaiazreboda. 470kavkasusi (Caucasus) 471 – kolxi mwyemsi. Tidrusis mama. flakusismixedviT, kavkasusis mier, romelic, Cveulebisamebr, mamiseul farasmwyemsavda, md. fasisis napirebTan Caisaxa Tidrusi (6. 639-43); es personaJiplutarqosTanac gvxvdeba da igi ukavSirdeba mTas, 472 romelsac sworedam mwyemsis mixedviT kavkasosi ewoda da am mTis eponimad moiazreboda:`...xolo kavkasioni Semdegi garemoebis gamo ewoda. gigantebTan brZolisSemdeg zevsis muqaras gamoqceulma kronosma “boreasis sarecels” SeafaraTavi da niangad qceuli iq imaleboda. magram [promeTem], romelmacerTi adgilobrivi mcxovrebi – mwyemsi kavkasosi mokla da misi Signeulobagamoikvlia, Tqva, rom mtrebi Sors ar iyvnen. aq mosulma zevsmamama dagrexili matyliT Sekra da qvesknelSi Caagdo. mTas ki mwyemsispativsacemad daarqva kavkasosi, mas miajaWva promeTe da aiZula, daeTminatanjva – RviZls ukortnida arwivi mwyemsis gul-RviZlisTvis miyenebuliSeuracxyofis gamo. ase gadmogvcems kleanTesi “Teomaqiis” III wignSi.~(Plut. fluv. 5, 3).fasisi (Phasis) 473 – mdinaris RmerTi. flakusis mixedviT, fasisisa daaias ambavi, sxva suraTebTan erTad, gamosaxuli iyo kolxidaSi solis467 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 92, 251.468 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 425-428.469 Escher, Aia, RE, I.1, 919-920.470 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 344; H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 1996, 207-208.471 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 639-43.472 Patsch, Caucasus mons, RE, III.2; 1801.473 Val. Flacc. Arg. 5. 425-428.225

(heliosis) taZarSi (5. 407-454). savaraudod, berZn. warmomavlobis es miTimxolod flakusTan figurirebs. saxeli fasisi ukavSirdeba kolxidiscnobili mdinaris saxels. 474 fasisi, rogorc Cans, am mdinaris eponimadgaiazreboda. 475kirisi (Ciris//Cyris) 476 – persesis mokavSire hirkanieli sardali. ВДИ-iskomentatoris mixedviT, SesaZloa, es saxeli md. kiross davukavSiroT(Plin. 6.26: Cyrus oritur; Strab. 1.3.21). 477 kirisi swored am mdinaris RvTaeba undayofiliyo, saxelic da epiTetic mis RvTiur warmomavlobaze miuTiTebs.epiTeti Titanius gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq swored am mdinaris RvTaeba ivaraudeba.es epiTeti SeiZleba daukavSirdes termins titans (heliosi,promeTe, kirke Titanis), rasac is faqtic amyarebs, rom Cyrus sparsulad`mzes~ niSnavs (Plut. Artax. 1.2; Hesych. s.v. Ku'ro"). es termini aseve SeiZlebadavukavSiroT kolxidis mdinares, titeniss; rogorc cnobilia, ukveapolonios rodoseli uwodebs aias titeniurs (Sdr. Val. Flacc. Aen. 5.463).sxva wyaro hirkaniel kiriss ar ixseniebs. 478otakesi (Otaces) 479 – persesis mokavSire iberieli sardali. ВДИ-iskomentatoris mixedviT, es saxeli SeiZleba davukavSiroT olTakess,romelic an kolxebis sardali iyo (App. Mithr. 117) an dandariebisa (Plut.Luc. 16). aseve SesaZloa misi dakavSireba sparsul saxelTan – otanesTan(Herod. 3.68 ff., 5.25 ff., 7.40 ff.). 480otaqsesi (Otaxes) 481 – skviTi meomari. es saxeli aSkara paralelsgviCvenebs otakesTan (skviTi personaJis saxeli flakusTan, 6. 121),romelic ВДИ-is komentatoris mixedviT, SesaZloa davukavSiroT olTakess;es ukanaskneli an kolxebis sardali iyo (App. Mithr. 117) an dandariebisa(Plut. Luc. 16). saxelis warmoebisaTvis Sdr. aseve taqsesi (Val. Flacc. 6.252). 482474 Diehl, E., Phasis, RE, XIX.2, 1886-1893; 3. SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 344.475 O. Lordkipanidze, Phasis. The River and the City in Colchis, Geographica Historica 15, Stuttgart 2000.476 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 80.477 SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.478 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 49; Ciris, Hoefer, RE, III.2, 2585.479 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 121.480 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 64; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 348.481 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 529.482 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 207.226

adalusi (Rhadalus) 483 – persesis mokavSire skviTi sardali.SesaZloa, flakusi iyenebdes antikuri epoqis onomastikaSi dadasturebulrhada-/rada- elements, Sdr. Radamistus (Tac. Ann. 12.44.3.ff), Rambelus (Val.Flacc. 6.529). radalusi rogorc skviTi meomari, sxva avtorebTan argvxvdeba. 484Tuki movindomebT zemoT warmodgenili msjelobis ganzogadebassqemis saxiT da imis dadgenas, Tu kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli ama Tu imregionis gmirebi saxeldebis doneze ra intensivobiT warmogvidgebian amaTu im kategoriaSi, Cven amgvar suraTs miviRebT: 485warmomavlobametyv. sax.ant. a.vt.dadast. sax.ant. onom.dadast. saxTrak. onom.elem. Seqmn.skv.Crd.SzRv.elem. Seqmn.Owinaaz. onom.elem. Seqmn.spars. onom.elem. Seqmn.egv. onom.elem. Seqmn.ind. onom.elem. Seqmn.frig. onom.elem. Seqmn.parT. onom.elem. Seqmn.kolxi 5 6 3 2 2 1albaneli 1 1amaZoni 4 1skviTi 4 11 1 1 11 3 4 1 1 1 2kimerieli 1 1hirkanieli 3 1iberieli 1 1geti 1alani 1iazigi 1 1parTeli 1ucnobi warmomavlobis2 1 2 2kavk. samy.dakavS. sax.483 Val. Flacc. Arg. 6. 69.484 H. J.W. Wijsman, Leiden 2000, 45; SC ВДИ, XXVIII, 346.485 aqve gvinda SevniSnoT: im SemTxvevaSi, sadac xelT gvqonda ramdenime varianti ama Tuim personaJis saxelis savaraudo warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, avirCieT CvenTvis yvelaze sarwmunoversia da amis mixedviT mivakuTvneT saxeli Sesabamis jgufs.227

zemoT dasaxelebuli personaJebis saxeldebis kvlevisas Cveni yuradRebamiipyro saintereso garemoebam: Tu flakusi Tavis gamogonil lemnoselda kizikiel gmirebs metwilad antikuri tradiciisaTvis cnobilsaxelebs arqmevs, kavkasieli da skviTi personaJebis mimarT igi sxvagvardamokidebulebas avlens: is cdilobs, sxvadasxva warmomavlobis figurebiaSkarad ganirCeodnen erTmaneTisgan Tavisi saxeldebiTac; rogorckvlevam gviCvena, igi specialurad arCevs kavkasieli, skviTi, kolxi,albaneli, hirkanieli, kimerieli, parTeli da a. S. personaJebisaTvissaxelebs.kavkasiel personaJTa saxelebis warmomavlobis kvlevisas gamoikveTaramdenime jgufi: e. w. metyveli saxelebi; antikur avtorebTan dadasturebulisaxelebi; antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebulielementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi; Trakiul, skviTur da Crd.SavizRvispireTis, winaaziur, sparsul, egviptur, indur, frigiul,parTul onomastikaSi dadasturebuli elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnilisaxelebi; kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebi.SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom flakusTan saxelTa warmoebisprincipTa sakmaod farTo speqtria warmodgenili: a) personaJTagan erTinawilis saxeldeba flakusis winamorbedi mwerlebis gavleniT unda iyosinspirirebuli, aq SeiZleba davasaxeloT: homerosi, horaciusi, ovidiusi,tacitusi da, ra Tqma unda, vergiliusi; yvelaze intensiurad flakusiswored mas mimarTavs, magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia vaxsenoT: anqsuri,amastrusi da a. S.; aqve unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba arcTu umniSvnelogaremoebaze: winamorbedi avtorebis mixedviT saxeldebuli TiTqmis yvelapersonaJis SemTxvevaSi flakusi iseT saxelebs arCevs, romlebic geografiuliarealis TvalsazrisiTac miesadagebian mis mier gamogonilfigurebs, a. m., garda imisa, rom hipanisi vergiliusTan erT-erT troelgmirs hqvia da (savaraudod, misgan unda hqondes flakuss nasesxebi) essaxeli, rogorc cnobilia, amave saxelwodebas atarebs borisTenesiserT-erTi Senakadi da, amdenad, flakusi `SemTxveviT~ ar usadagebs amsaxels mis mier gamogonil skviT meomars; Sesabamisad, Tu sxva mravalSemTxvevasac miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, romflakusi umeteswilad iTvaliswinebs geografiul konteqstsac; b)228

personaJTa nawilis saxeldeba aSkarad metyvel saxelTa rigsmiekuTvneba, a. m., anavsisi, akvitesi da a. S.; g) ar SeiZleba calke ardavasaxeloT tradiciiT cnobili saxelebi, romelTac mwerali Tavisipoeturi amocanebis Sesabamisad usadagebs mis mier Seqmnil axalpersonaJebs: mag., masTan eolidi friqsosis saxeliT gvxvdeba erT-erTiskviTi sardali, argonavt zetesis saxeliT ki kolxi meomarimoixsenieba; d) saxelTa nawils avtori ama Tu im geografiuli punqtis,hidronimis, oronimis mixedviT arCevs: aq unda aRvniSnoT, rom flakussaSkarad diferencirebuli damokidebuleba aqvs sxvadasxva warmomavlobispersonaJebisadmi. masTan dasaxelebulia 17 kolxi meomari: akvitesi,apresi, arinesi, gesiTousi, dipsasi, Tidrusi, kaikusi, kirnusi, monesusi,monesesi, oebasusi, okrevsi, olbusi, sibotesi, strimoni, zetesi,hipetaoni; SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom arc erTi maTganis saxelisSemTxvevaSi ar aris gamoyenebuli iseTi toponimi, hidronimi an oronimi,romelic CrdiloeT an dasavleT SavizRvispireTTan aris dakavSirebuli,maSin rodesac, skviTi meomrebis saxeldebis SemTxvevaSi xSirad vxvdebiTiseT saxelebs, romelTac Sesatyvisobebi moeZebnebaT aRniSnuli regionebisgeografiuli punqtebis saxiT, a. m., hipanisi, hebrusi, taqsesi, tiresida a. S.; e) sakmaod didia im saxelTa raodenoba, romlebic aSkaradflakusis poeturi fantaziis nayofia; igi antikur an Zveli samyarosonomastikaSi dadasturebul elementebs iRebs da sxvadasxva sufiqsebisdarTviT qmnis axal saxelebs: mag., idasmenusi, monesusi, tagesi da a. S.rodesac kavkasieli personaJebis klasifikaciaze gvqonda msjeloba,aRvniSneT, rom flakusi cdilobs, TiTqmis yvela personaJi erTmaneTisaganganmasxvavebeli StrixebiT warmogvidginos; masTan udavodsxvagvarad arian daxasiaTebulni, erTi mxriv, kolxebi da, meore mxriv,skviTebi, TavianTi gansxvavebuli garegnobisa Tu cxovrebis niris gamo,iseve rogorc, Tavis mxriv aietisa da persesis mokavSire sardlebi.flakusi gansakuTrebiT aqcevs yuradRebas imas, rom, elementarulieqsponirebis doneze mainc, esa Tu is personaJi mkiTxvelisaTvisdasamaxsovrebeli gaxados, amas igi axerxebs ramdenime gziT: personaJebsurCevs saguldagulod ama Tu im epiTets, gadmogvcems maT pirad RirsebasTu mankierebas, xazs usvams raime Strixs mis garegnobasa Tu229

CacmulobaSi, agviwers maTi cxovrebis wesis amsaxvel detalebs, warmogvidgensama Tu im personaJs romelime saintereso ambis konteqstSida, rac mTavaria, rogorc zemoT davrwmundiT, igi Tavis gamogonil personaJebssaguldagulod urCevs saxelebs da, SeiZleba iTqvas, romTavisda uneburad afarTovebs argonavtebis Tqmulebis kavkasiasTan dakavSirebulepizodebs axali e. w. kvazi miTologiuri saxeebiT.230

daskvnavalerius flakusis àrgonavtika~ berZnuli Tqmulebebis erT-erTiumniSvnelovanesi ciklis epikur damuSavebaSi aSkarad erT-erT saetapopoemas warmoadgens. Cveni naSromis mizani iyo flakusis poemis kvlevaramdenime aspeqtiT, romelTa Soris umTavress romaeli poetis e. w. kavkasiuriTematikis mimarT damokidebulebis kvleva warmoadgenda.kvlevis Sedegebi amgvarad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:1. valerius flakusis SemoqmedebaSi didia rogorc tradiciisaTvisangariSis gawevis, aseve novatorobis xvedriTi wili. tradiciuliinformaciis gaTvaliswineba vlindeba flakusis poemis ara mxolodapolonios rodoselis àrgonavtikasTan~, aramed saerTod rogorc ber-Znul, aseve romaul poetur da miTologiur tradiciasTan mimarTebaSi.novatoroba Tavs iCens ramdenime mimarTulebiT: a) tradiciiT cnobiliepizodebis ganvrcoba-transformaciaSi; b) apolonios rodoselTan SedarebiTcentralur gmirTa xasiaTebis ufro reliefurad warmoCenasa daiasonisaTvis gmirisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebis miniWebaSi;yvelaze metad novatoroba vlindeba kavkasiis TematikasTan dakavSirebuliepizodebis, motivebis, personaJebis ganvrcobasa Tu SeqmnaSi, racramdenime ZiriTadi principiT xorcieldeba:a) kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli epizodebis ganvrcoba: amas flakusiaRwevs skviTebisa da kolxebis omis TemasTan dakavSirebuli epizodisgansakuTrebuli aqcentiT; am epizodis poemaSi CarTviT man sainteresodwarmogvidgina kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi. gacnobierebuladTu gaucnobiereblad gviCvena kavkasiuri warmoSobis xalxTa damokidebulebaerTmaneTTan, maTi adaT-wesebi zogadad regionis da aseve am regioniscalkeuli qveynebis doneze. masTan sakmaod reliefurad aris warmodgenili,erTi mxriv, CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTi (skviTia, hirkania, kimeria,meotisi), da, meore mxriv, samxr., da aRm. SaviszRvispireTi: (kolxida,albania, amaZonia; aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT aietis mokavSire sardlebi,romelTa warmomavlobas flakusi ar azustebs, savaraudod, maTi saxiTsul cota Svidi arasaxeldebuli mxare Tu qveyana unda igulisxmebodes);b) kavkasiisa da misi mezobeli tomebis eqsponireba: am omSi monawiletomebis sakmaod farTo speqtris warmodgeniT. e. w. Sidakavkasiur231

konfliqtze yuradRebis gadatana flakusisaTvis sakmaod warmatebulisaSualeba aris, rac SeiZleba masStaburad gviCvenos kavkasiisa Tu mismezoblad myofi tomebis panorama. flakuss mkafio warmodgena aqvs kavkasiiseTnikuri simravlis Sesaxeb. man aietisa da persesis omiskonteqstSi poemaSi Semoiyvana sxvadasxva regionebis sardlebi da meomrebi:alanebi, henioxebi, bisaltebi, kimerielebi, gangaridebi, hirkanielebi,kolaletebi, sindebi, koralebi, batarnebi, drakantebi, kaspiadebi,nevrebi, iazigebi, mikeebi, keseebi, arimaspebi, avxatebi, Tirsagetebi,eqsomatebi, torinebi, satarxebi, kentorebi, xoaTrebi, balonitebi, mesielebi,sarmatebi, savromatebi, gelonebi, iberielebi. maTi umetesobaeqsponirebulia e. w. skviTebis katalogSi. gansakuTrebul yuradRebasuTmobs flakusi kolxebis warmomavlobis aRweras. am mizniT igi sakmaodoriginalurad warmogvidgens solis taZars, romlis kedlebzec kolxTawarmomavlobis suraTebia asaxuli. masTan gvxvdeba 30-mde tomi, romlebicar figurirebs flakusamdel tradiciaSi argonavtebis TqmulebasTandakavSirebiT, maT Sesaxeb informacias flakusi, rogorc Cans, iRebselinisturi da postelinisturi istoriuli Tu geografiuli wyaroebidan(straboni, pliniusi) an konfliqtSi monawile tomebs TviTonigonebs, masTan 4 saerTod ucnobi tomi dasturdeba;g) aiet-persesis konfliqtTan dakavSirebul epizodebSi personaJTasakmaod didi speqtris CarTva: konfliqtSi monawile 150-mde personaJidan51 aris argonavti, danarCeni personaJebi kavkasiasa da misi mezobeliqveynebis warmomadgenlebi, aqedan 85 personaJi ucnobia flakusamdelitradiciisaTvis, romelTagan 79 figura aietisa da persesis omis epizod-Sia CarTuli da isini SeiZleba flakusis fantaziis nayofad miviCnioT.2. flakusis poemaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs kavkasias-Tan dakavSirebuli personaJebis saxeldebis principebi. flakuss am personaJebisadmiaSkarad diferencirebuli damokidebuleba aqvs: is cdilobs,sxvadasxva warmomavlobis figurebi aSkarad ganirCeodnen erTmane-Tisgan ara marto maT Sesaxeb mowodebuli informaciiT, aramed saxeldebisdonezec; rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, igi specialurad arCevs kavkasieli,skviTi, kolxi, albaneli, iberieli, hirkanieli, kimerieli, amaZoni,parTeli da a. S. personaJebisaTvis saxelebs. garda im saxelebisa,232

omlebic flakusma miiRo tradiciidan (friqsusi, zetesi), masTangvxvdeba savsebiT axali saxelebi, maT Soris gamoiyofa ramdenime jgufi:e. w. metyveli saxelebi; antikuri samyaros onomastikaSi dadasturebulielementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnili saxelebi; Trakiul, skviTur da Crd.SavizRvispireTis, winaaziur, sparsul, egviptur, indur, frigiul, par-Tul onomastikaSi dadasturebuli elementebis kombinaciiT Seqmnilisaxelebi; kavkasiur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli saxelebi. savsebiTaSkaraa, rom am saxelTa absoluturi umetesoba Seqmnilia TviTon poetismier.3. valerius flakusTan kavkasiasTan dakavSirebuli informaciisganvrcoba poemaSi ramdenime faqtoriT aris ganpirobebuli, romelTaganumTavresia:a) istoriuli realoba. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba romis imperiissazRvrebis mniSvnelovani gafarToeba da misi interesebis sferoSi aRmosavleTSavizRvispireTis regionis moqceva. Sesabamisad, poeti tradiciulmiTs argonavtTa Sesaxeb, erTi mxriv, iyenebs romaelTa ltolvisasasaxad axali Soreuli teritoriebisaken, xolo, meore mxriv, interesisaim realobebis mimarT, rac am teritoriebze flakusis TanamedroveepoqaSi arsebobda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im tomTa da personaJTa didiumetesoba argonavtTa Tqmulebis berZnul versiebSi arc dasturdeba daarc aris SesaZlebeli, rom dadasturdnen, radgan isini aSkaradvalerius flakusis poeturi fantaziis nayofad SeiZleba miviCnioT. amiTigi, faqtobrivad, axdens apolonios rodoselis da sxva berZnuli wyaroebismonacemebis erTgvar sinTezs im realur codnasTan, rac romaelebsgauCndaT maTi aRmosavleTiT eqspansiis Sedegad. Sesabamisad, Sei-Zleba iTqvas, rom es personaJebi valerius flakuss sWirdeba TavisiinformaciisaTvis kvaziistoriulobis misaniWeblad; garda amisa gasaTvaliswinebeliaromaeli epikosis aSkarad diferencirebuli damokidebuleba,erTi mxriv, geografiuli da, meore mxriv, naratiuli informaciismimarT: Tu kavkasiis regionebisa da sxvadasxva dasaxlebuli punqtisaRwerisas igi realisturad warmosaxavs misTvis cnobil kavkasiisgeografias, naratiul sferoSi igi did Tavisuflebas avlens, rTavs ranawarmoebSi axal epizodebs da e. w. fsevdo-miTologiur personaJebs;233

) sakuTriv kavkasiis mimarT interesis gazrda. romis imperiisaTviserT-erT umniSvnelovanes strategiul amocanas warmoadgenda, erTi mxriv,axali savaWro da sakomunikacio gzebis xelSi Cagdeba, xolo, meoremxriv, im teritoriebis da gadasasvlelebis gamoyeneba, romelTa saSualebiTacimperiisa da misi megobari qveynebis farglebs gareT mcxovrebinomaduri tomebi `romauli mSvidobis~ arealSi moqceul xalxebs problemebsSeuqmnidnen. Sesabamisad, flakusi asaxavs im suraTs, romelicsaerTod kavkasiaSi arsebul viTarebas SeiZleba gadmoscemdes. marTalia,am mxriv istoriuli TvalsazrisiT SesaZloa igi araerT uzustobasuSvebdes da erTmaneTis dapirispirebulad warmogvidgendes im xalxebsada maT warmomadgenlebs, romlebic zogjer marTlac mtrulad iyvnenerTmaneTis mimarT ganwyobilni, zogjer ki mSvidobiani TanamezoblobiTgamoirCeodnen. amiT poeti Sordeba istoriul sandoobas. samagierod igisakmaod adekvaturad gadmoscems kavkasiis regionis da mis mezobladmcxovrebTa mSfoTvare suls da mudmiv arastabilurobis safrTxes, romelicaq SeiZleba arsebobdes;g) flakusis survili, tradiciuli miTis epikuri damuSavebisasiyos misi didi winamorbedi epikosebis mimdevari da amasTanavenovatoric. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vgulisxmobT rogorc homerosis, apoloniosrodoselis, vergiliusis da sxvaTa araerTi epizodisa da pasaJisaSkara recefciis cdebs masTan, aramed aseve survils, xSir SemTxvevaSigavides tradiciuli informaciuli CarCoebidan da rogorc semantikuri,aseve esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT novator poetad mogvevlinos. aqedangamomdinare, valerius flakusi, ukve epikuri Semoqmedebis doneze avlensmiTTa Txzvis SesaSur unars da amiT mniSvnelovnad amdidrebs argonavtebisSesaxeb Tqmulebis kavkasiur epizods.234

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danarTinawyvetebi valerius flakusis àrgonavtikidan~I, 1-4Prima deum magnis canimus freta pervia natisfatidicamque ratem, Scythici quae Phasidis orasausa sequi mediosque inter iuga concita cursusrumpere flammifero tandem consedit Olympo.I, 40-63'hanc mihi militiam, veterum quae pulchrior actis,adnue daque animum. nostri de sanguine PhrixusCretheos ut patrias audis effugerit aras.hunc ferus Aeetes, Scythiam Phasinque rigentemqui colit – heu magni Solis pudor! –, hospita vinainter et attonitae mactat sollemnia mensaenil nostri divumque memor. non nuntia tantumfama refert: ipsum iuvenem tam saeva gementem,ipsum ego, cum serus fessos sopor alligat artus,aspicio, lacera adsiduis namque illius umbraquestibus et magni numen maris excitat Helle.si mihi quae quondam vires, et pendere poenasColchida iam et regis caput hic atque arma videres.olim annis ille ardor hebet necdum mea prolesimperio et belli rebus matura marique.tu, cui iam curaeque vigent animique viriles,i, decus, et pecoris Nephelaei vellera Graioredde tholo ac tantis temet dignare periclis!'talibus hortatur iuvenem propiorque iubenticonticuit certus Scythico concurrere pontoCyaneas tantoque silet possessa draconevellera, multifidas regis quem filia linguasvibrantem ex adytis cantu dapibusque vocabatet dabat externo liventia mella veneno.I, 1-4vumReriT zRvebs, romlebic pirveladRmerTTa didebulma vaJebma gadalaxesda bedis mauwyebel xomalds, romelmacskviTuri fasisis napirebis Cavla gabeda,moZrav kldeTa Soris swrafad gaikvalagza da sabolood cecxlovan olimposzedaisadgura.I, 40-63`gamiwie samsaxuri, romelic winaparTasaqmeebs aRemateba da gulisyuriT moekide.ukve gsmenia, Tu rogor gaeqca mamiseulsamsxverplos friqsusi, Cveni kreTevsissisxlisa. igi mrisxane aietma, romelicskviTias da yinulovan fasiss ganagebs,– hoi, sircxvilo dido mzisao! –msxverpliviT dakla samaspinZlo RvinoebsSoris, amis Semswre menadimeTa Sesa-Sineblad, dagviviwya Cvenca da RmerTnic.es ambavi monaWori ar gegonos. rocagvianobiT Tvlemas miecema Cemi dauZlurebulisxeuli, vxedav xolme am ymawvils,saSinlad rom godebs RamiT, radgangamudmebiT sayvedurebiT maRviZebs misidasaxiCrebuli aCrdili da helec, didizRvis RvTaebac. uwindeburad Zala romSemwevdes, ukve ixilavdi kolxidas dasjils,mefis Tavsac da aRWurvilobas. JamTasvlam daacxro Cemi mgznebareba, Cemimemkvidre ki jer ar momwifebula mmar-TvelobisaTvis, saomari saqmeebisa danaosnobisaTvis. Sen, romelsac ukve ZalagerCis, wadi da kvlav daubrune berZnultaZars sawmisi nefeles cxovelisa, RirsadSeracxe Tavi am safrTxisaTvis~. aseaqezebda igi ymawvils, rac ufro brZanebashgavda, is ki ganzrax ar uTqvams,ueWvelad rac uwyoda, rom skviTiiszRvaSi kianeebi erTmaneTs ejaxebian darom sawmiss iseTi Zlieri drakoni darajobs,romelsac mravlad dayofili enebiTmosisines, jadosnuri galobiTa danugbariT ixmobda siRrmidan mefis asulida awvdida Tafls, Sezavebuls ucxouriSxamiT, ris gamoc mas molurjo feridahkravda.245

IV, 599-625quid tibi nubifera surgentem rupe Carambin,quid memorem quas Iris aquas aut torqueat Ancon?proxima Thermodon hinc iam secat arva – memento –inclita Amazonidum magnoque exorta Gradivogens ibi: femineas nec tu nunc crede catervas,sed qualis, sed quanta viris insultat Enyodivaque Gorgonei gestatrix innuba monstri.ne tibi tunc horrenda rapax ad litora puppemventus agat, ludo volitans cum turma superbopulvereis exsultat equis ululataque tellusintremit et pugnas mota pater incitet hasta.non ita sit metuenda tibi saevissima quamquamgens Chalybum, duris patiens cui cultus in arviset tonat adflicta semper domus ignea massa.inde omnem innumeri reges per litoris oram,hospitii quis nulla fides, sed limite rectopuppis et aequali transcurrat carbasus aura:sic demum rapidi venies ad Phasidis amnem.castra ibi iam Scythiae fraternaque surgit Erinys.ipse truces illic Colchos hostemque iuvabisauxiliis. nec plura equidem discrimina cerno.fors etiam optatam dabitur contingere pellem.sed te non animis nec solis viribus aequumcredere: saepe acri potior prudentia dextra.quam tulerit deus, arripe opem. iamque ultima nobispromere fata nefas. Silebo prior' . . . .IV, 711-732Tum freta, quae longis fuerant impervia saeclis,ad subitam stupe ratem Pontique iacentisomne solum regesque patent gentesque repostae.non alibi effusis cesserunt longius undislitora, non, tantas quamvis Tyrrhenus et Aegonvolvat aquas, geminis tot desint Syrtibus undae.nam super huc vastos tellus quoque congerit amnes;IV, 599-625risTvisRa mogaxseno Sen RrubliT mosili,klded aRmarTuli karambisis Sesaxeb,aseve wylebis Sesaxeb, romelTacirisi an ankoni atrialebs? aqedan axlomdebaremindvrebs ukve Termodoni kve-Ts; gaxsovdes, iq didi gradivusisgan warmomavalisaxelganTqmuli xalxi – amazonebisaxloben; nu gegoneba, rom qalTarazmia oden, aramed iseTebi arian, rogoricenio, kacebs abuCad rom igdebs daiseTebi, rogoric RvTaebrivi da umankoqalwuli, gorgonas urCxulis mpyrobeli.de, mZlavri qari nu gariyavs Sensxomalds Tavzardamcem napirebTan maSin,roca amazonTa mqrolavi gundi amayadiqcevs Tavs mtvrian cxenebze jiriTiT,roca miwa maTi SeZaxilebiT krTeba damama maxvilis rxeviT brZolas aRazevebs.nu SegaSinebs metad mrisxane tomi xalibTa,isini xom Znelad dasamuSavebel mindvrebSidid jafas sweven da moelvaresacxovrisebidan maradJams rkinis wrTobisguguni ismis. maT Semdeg mTel sanapirosgayolebaze uTvalavi mefe saxlobs,romelTac ar ician stumarmaspinZloba,ase rom pirdapir eWiros gezixomalds da zomierma qarma dahberosialqnebs: ase, bolos da bolos, miaRwevmSfoTvare mdinares, fasiss. iq dgas ukveskviTTa laSqari da aRzevebula ZmebsSoris erinia. iq mrisxane kolxebsa damters gverdSi daudgebi. sxva safrxes namdviladveRar Sevicnob. mogecema SemTxveva,rom Seni sasurveli sawmisi moipovo.magram nu ggonia, rom mxolod simamaceda Zala geyofa: xSirad Wkuas metiZaluZs, vidre marjve xels. CaeWide RmerTisganmovlenil daxmarebas. amaze metisxvedris cxadyofis neba aRar gvaqvs.upriania gavCumde . . ."IV, 711-732maSin gancvifrdnen nakadebi, saukuneebisganmavlobaSi gauvlelni, uecrad gamoCenilixomaldis gamo, aRmoCenilia ukideganopontusis mTeli sivrce, mefeni daSoreuli tomebi. tireniis da egeosiszRvebi wylis raoden uxv morevs atrialebs,da orive sirtusic metad wyaluxvia,Tumca mainc arsad sxvagan ase arswydeba napirebs maRla azvirTuli tal-Rebi; vinaidan aq miwac mraval mdinaresuyris Tavs; aRar movixsenieb wyalTa im246

non septemgemini memorem quas exitus Histri,quas Tanais flavusque Tyres Hypanisque Novasqueaddat opes quantosque sinus Maeotia laxentaequora. flumineo sic agmine fregit amarivim salis hinc Boreae cedens glaciantibus aurisPontus et exorta facilis concrescere bruma.utque vel immotos Ursae rigor invehit amnesvel freta versa vadis, hiemem sic unda per omnemaut campo iacet aut tumido riget ardua fluctu,atque hac Europam curvis anfractibus urget,hac Asiam, Scythicum specie sinuatus in arcum.illic umbrosae semper stant aequore nubeset non certa dies, primo nec sole profundumsolvitur aut vernis cum lux aequata tenebris,sed redit extremo tandem in sua litora Tauro.V, 120-126transit Halys longisque fluens anfractibus Irissaevaque Thermodon medio sale murmura volvens,Gradivo sacer et spoliis ditissimus amnis,donat equos, donat votas cui virgo securescum redit ingenti per Caspia claustra triumphoMassageten Medumque trahens. est vera propagosanguinis, est ollis genitor dues . . .V, 140-183Nocte sub extrema clausis telluris ab antrispervigil auditur Chalybum labor: arma fatigantruricolae, Gradive, tui; sonat illa creatrixprima manus belli, terras crudelis in omnes.nam prius ignoti quam dura cubilia ferrieruerent ensesque darent, Odia aegra sine armis 145errabant Iraeque inopes et segnis Erinys.inde Genetaei rupem Iovis, hinc Tibarenumdant virides post terga lacus, ubi deside mitrasiuxves, Svidnakadiani istrosis SesarTavebirom warmoqmnian: tanaiss, yviTeltiress, hipanissa da novass, da im farToyures, sadac meotisis wylebi iRvreba;ase dasZlia nakadTa mdinarebiT marilissimlaSe, aq pontusi gzas uTmobsboreasis gamyinav qarebs da siciveSiadvilad iyineba; da sulerTia, daTvisTanavarskvlavedis gamyinvareba mouswrebsumoZrao mdinareebs Tu siRrmidanaboboqrebul zRvas, an mTeli zamTrismanZilze talRebis zedapiri sarkesavi-Taa mosworebuli an frialo kldesaviTazidul zvirTebad iyineba; skviTiurimSvildiviT moxrili pontusi erTi mxridanevropas exeba Tavisi mrude xveulebiT,meoredan ki azias. iq zRvas mudammoqufruli Rrublebi adgas, da arc na-Teli dRe icis, wyvdiads verc mzis pirvelisxivebi arRvevs da verc gazafxulisbunioba, aramed mxolod kuros TanavarskvlavedisCasvlisas kvlavac amodisTavis napirebze.V, 120-126. . . miRma rCeba halisi da grZelxveulebad mimdinare irisi da Termodoni,romelic Tavis mrisxane nakadebs marilianizRvis SuagulSic ki xmauriTaCuxCuxebs, gradivusisaTvis wminda daumdidresi nadavliT savse mdinare, romelsacaxalgazrda qalwuli uZRvniscxenebs da aRTqmul sabrZolo culebsmiarTmevs, rodesac is didebuli triumfiTkaspiis viwrobebiT ukan brundeba,moaTrevs ra ukan masagetsa da midiels.WeSmariti STamomavlebi arian isini Rv-Taebrivi sisxlisa, RmerTisgan warmoSobilni...V, 140-183Ramis miwuruls miwis Carazuli jurRmulebidanismis xalibTa daucxromeliSroma: TavianT xelsawyoebs Seni macxovrebelni,gradivuss, dauRalav jafas ayeneben.mTels dedamiwaze grgvinavs maTixeli, sazareli omis pirveli Semoqmedi,radgan, vidre isini ucnobi rkinis myarsamadnoebs amoTxridnen da maxvilebs gadmogvcemdnen,ugzo-ukvlod daexetebodasusti, uiaraRo siZulvili, uZluri risxvada zanti erinisi. Semdeg Camoitovebenminiebi iupiter geneteusis kldes,Semdeg – tibarenTa mwvane tbebs, sadacorsuli sakuTar uqnara qmars Tavs ubu-247

feta ligat partuque virum fovet ipsa soluto.vos quoque non notae mirati vela carinae, 150Mossynoeci, et vos stabulis, Macrones, ab altisByzeresque vagi Philyraeque a nomine dictalitora, quae cornu pepulit Saturnus equino.Ultimus inde sinus saevumque cubile Prometheicernitur, in gelidas consurgens Caucasus Arctos. 155ille etiam Alciden Titania fata morantemattulerat tum forte dies iamque aspera nisuundique convellens veteris cum strage pruinaevincula prensa manu saxis abduxerat imisarduus et laevo gravior pede. consonat ingens 160Caucasus et summo pariter cum monte secutaeincubuere trabes abductaque flumina ponto.fit fragor, aetherias ceu Iuppiter arduus arcesimpulerit imas manus aut Neptunia terras.horruit immensum Ponti latus, horruit omnis 165Armeniae praetentus Hiber penitusque recussoaequore Cyaneas Minyae timuere relictas.tum gemitu propiore chalybs densusque revulsisrupibus audiri montis labor et grave Titanvociferans, fixos scopulis dum vellitur artus. 170contra autem ignari (quis enim nunc credat in illismontibus Alciden dimissave vota retemptet?)pergere iter socii. tantum mirantur ab altolitora discussa sterni nive ruptaque saxaet simul ingentem moribundae desuper umbram 175alitis atque atris rorantes imbribus auras.Sol propius flammabat aquas extremaque fessiscoeperat optatos iam lux ostendere Colchos,magnus ubi adversum spumanti Phasis in aequorore ruit. cuncti pariter loca debita noscunt 180signaque commemorant emensasque ordine gentesdantque ratem fluvio. simul aethere plena coruscoPallas et alipedum Iuno iuga sistit equorum.ravs mandiliT da mSobiarobis mere Tvi-Ton uvlis. Tqvenc, mosinebo, gagaocaTucnobi xomaldis ialqnebma da Tqvenc,makronebo, Tqveni maRali sacxovrisebidanda Tqvenc, momTabare biZerebo, daTqvenc, filiras saxeliT wodebulo napirebo,romelnic saturnusma cxenis floqviTSearyia. aqedan moCans ukiduresiyure da promeTes SiSismomgvreli samyofelikavkasusi, romelic yinulovanarqtosTan aRmarTula. am dRes SemTxveviTiq alkidic misuliyo, titanis xvedrisSesaferxeblad da, ai, ukve mTeliZal-RoniT yoveli mxridan anjRrevsmyar borkilebs Zvel WirxlTan erTad,Caavlebs maT xels da kldis Ziridanamoglejs maRla aRmarTuli da marcxenafexs myarad dayrdnobili; da xma gamoscaZlevamosilma kavkasusma, mTis mwvervalTanerTad xeebma iwyes cvena dazRvas daSordnen mdinareebi. gaisma xmauri,TiTqos maRla wamomarTul iupitersSeeryios eTeris simagreebi an neptunusisxels mTeli qvemo samyaro. Tavzaridaeca pontusis mTel Tvaluwvdenelsanapiros, SeZrwunebuliyo yoveliiberi, armeniamde mosaxle, SoriT uzomodaRelvebuli zRvis danaxvaze,SeSindnen miniebic kianeebis gamo, romlebicmaT ukve ukan moetovebinaT. maSinufro axlodan moismoda foladis JRaruni,TiTqos lodebi swydebodeskldeso da gamyinavi gminva titanisa,roca tanjvas daiTmendnen kldeze mija-Wvuli misi sxeulis asoni. magram amasobaSi,ise gaagrZeles Tanamgzavrebma gza,rom arc icodnen (an vin ifiqrebda romalkidi iyo axla am mTebSi an rom kvlavSeecdeboda Seferxebuli aRTqmis aRsrulebas).axla maT didebuli zRvidanakvirvebT, TovliT dafaruli napirebida kldeTa lodebi saxilavi, amasTanaveaocebT uzarmazari Crdili momakvdavifrinvelisa, romlis sisxlic Sav wvimadiJRinTeba haerSi. mze ufro axlos ana-Tebda wyalTan da dRis miwuruls ukveixiles daqanculebma nanatri kolxebi,sadac didi fasisi aqafebuli SesarTaviTpirispir zRvaSi Caedineba. umal Seicnoyvelam, maTTvis bedisweriT gansazRvruliadgilebi, moigonebdnen niSnebs,erTmaneTis miyolebiT gamovlil tomebsda xomaldiT mdinaris gaswvriv micurav-248

V, 416-428nec minus hinc varia dux laetus imagine templiad geminas fert ora fores cunabula gentisColchidos hic ortusque tuens, ut prima Sesostrisintulerit rex bella Getis, ut clade suorumterritus hos Thebas patriumque reducat ad amnem,Phasidis hos imponat agris Colchosque vocariimperet. Arsinoen illi tepidaeque requiruntotia laeta Phari pinguemque sine imbribus annumet iam Sarmaticis permutant carbasa bracis.barbarus in patriis sectatur montibus AeanPhasis amore furens. pavidas iacit illa pharetrasvirgineo turbata metu, discursibus et iamdeficit ac volucri victam deus alligat unda . . .V, 456-464e Sole satus patriis penetralibus infert.filius hunc iuxta primis Absyrtus in annis,dignus avo quemque insontem meliora manerent.tum gener Albanis Styrus qui advenerat oris,distulerant sed bella toros. tum Phrontis et ArgusAeolidae fraterque Melas, quos advena Phrixusprogenuit, pariterque levi Cytisorus in hasta.post alii, quos praecipuo Titania telluslegit honore patres, motique ad proelia reges.VI, 33-167Hinc age Rhipaeo quos videris orbe furores,Musa, mone, quanto Scythiam molimine Persesconcierit, quis fretus equis per bella virisque.verum ego nec numero memorem nec nomine cunctosmille vel ora movens. neque enim plaga gentibus ulladitior: aeterno quamquam Maeotia pubesMarte cadat, pingui numquam tamen ubere defitdnen. amasobaSi ciuri ciagiT mosili palasida iuno lagams amosdeben frTosancxenebs.V, 416-428sardali taZris svadasxva gamosaxulebiTaranaklebad aRfTovanebuli mzerasmiapyrobs ormag karibWes. aq xedavskolxuri modgmis warmomavlobasa dadasabams, Tu rogor daiwyo pirveliomebi mefe sesostrisma getebis winaaRmdeg,xolo Tavisi laSqris marcxiT zardacemulmaerTi nawili TebeSi, mSobliurmdinaresTan daabruna, sxvebi ki fasisismxareSi daasaxla da ganuwesa kolxebirqmeodaT. erTni daubrundnen arsinoes,Tbil farusze uzrunvel cxovrebas,xelsayrel mSral havas; meoreni kiukve scvlian tilos samosels sarmatulSarvlebze. Tavis mSobliur mTebSi easmisdevs barbarosi fasisi, siyvaruliTgaxelebuli. igi ki, aRelvebuli qalwulebriviSiSiT, agdebs aTrTolebulkaparWebs, sirbiliT qancgawyvetils ZalaaRar Seswevs da RmerTi imorCilebsswrafi talRiT...V, 456-464... mzis Svili mamiseul palatebSi SebrZandeba.gverdiTaa misi Svili absirtusijer kidev mcirewlovani, babuas Rirsida Rirsi imisa, rom mas, udanaSaulosukeTesi xvedri rgeboda. Semdeg ki misisasiZo stirusi, romelic albaniis sanapiroebidanmosuliyo, magram omis gamoqorwili gadaedoT. Semdeg frontisida argusi, eolidebi da maTi Zma melasi,vaJni ucxoeli friqsusisa, da iqve _ kitisorusi,Tavis msubuq maxvils dayrdnobili.Semdeg ki isini, romelTac titaniuriqveyana irCevs gansakuTrebuli pativiTuxucesebad da aseve sabrZolveladmoxmobili mefeni.VI, 33-167axla, muzav, Semaxsene, Tu rogori sisastikenaxe aq ripeis miwaze, Tu rogorididi ZalisxmeviT mouwodebda persesiskviTebs, Tu romeli cxenebis da kacTaimedi hqonda omSi. namdvilad ver SevZlebverc ricxvi da verc saxelebi movixsenioyvelasi, Tundac aTasi ena mqondes,radgan ar aris sxva mxare tomebiTesoden mdidari: miuxedavad imisa, rommeotiis axalgazrdoba gamudmebiT iRupebaomebSi, mainc ar gadaSenebula STamo-249

quod geminas Arctos magnumque quod impleatAnguemergo duces solasque, deae, mihi promite gentes.Miserat ardentes mox ipsa secutus AlanosHeniochosque truces iam pridem infensus Anausis,pacta quod Albano coniunx Medea tyranno,nescius heu quanti thalamos ascendere monstriarserit atque urbes maneat qui terror Achaeas,gratior ipse deis orbaque beatior aula.proxima Bisaltae legio ductorque Colaxes,sanguis et ipse deum, Scythicis quem Iuppiter orisprogenuit viridem Myracen Tibisenaque iuxtaostia, semifero – dignum si credere – captuscorpore, nec nymphae geminos exhorruit angues.cuncta phalanx insigne Iovis caelataque gestattegmina dispersos trifidis ardoribus ignes;nec primus radios, miles Romane, coruscifulminis et rutilas scutis diffuderis alas.insuper auratos collo gerit ipse dracones,matris Horae specimen, linguisque adversus utrimquecongruit et tereti serpens dat vulnere gemmae.tertius unanimis veniens cum milibus AuchusCimmerias ostentat opes, cui candidus olimcrinis inest, natale decus; dat longior aetasiam speciem; triplici percurrens tempora nododemittit sacro geminas a vertice vittas.Datin Achaemeniae gravior de vulnere pugnaemisit in arma Daraps, acies quem Martia circumGangaridum potaque Gerus quos efferat undaquique lacum cinxere Bycen. non defuit Anxur,non Radalo cum fratre Sydon, Acesinaque laevoomine fatidicae ~Phrixus~ movet agmina cervae.ipsa comes saetis fulgens et cornibus aureisante aciem celsi vehitur gestamine contimaesta nec in saevae lucos reditura Dianae.movit et Hylaea supplex cum gente Syenenmavloba, romelic orive daTvisa dadidi drakonis Tanavarskvlavedebs Sorissaxlobs. maS, qalRmerTebo, winamZRolTada mxolod tomTa saxelebiganmicxadeT. anavsisma gamoagzavna brZoliswyurviliT anTebuli alanebi damrisxane henioxebi, mohyva male Tvi-Tonac, ukve didi xnis win mtrulad ganwyobili,radganac albanel mbrZanebelsSehpirebodnen medeas sacoled; vai, romar icoda sabralom, Tu rogori urCxulissaqorwino sarecels eswrafoda daTu rogori ubedureba elodaT aqeas qalaqebs.TviTon RmerTTaTvis metad sayvarelida ufro svebednieri iqneboda,Tavis martodSTenil sasaxleSi. yvelazeaxloa masTan bisaltebis legioni da sardalikolaqsesi. isic RvTaebrivi sisxlisaa,iupiters skviTiis sanapirosTanCausaxavs, mwvane mirakes da tibisenuriSesarTavebis maxloblad. igi, Tu es simarTlea,nimfis sxeuliT – naxevrad cxovelis,naxevrad qalisa – moxiblula daarc misi ori gvelis SeSinebia. mTeli sabrZolomwyobri atarebs iupiteris ni-Sans, farebis amotvifrul safarvelze,sam nawilad aalebul cecxls. Sen ar xarpirveli, romaelo jariskaco, romelicganavrcelebs elvis sxivebs da farebisganareklil qarvisfer ciags. TviT kolaqsessdaumatebia mooqrovili drakonebi,misi dedis horas niSani da aqeTiqidanenebiT uerTdeba erTmaneTs origveli da geslaven Tlil qvas. mesameaavxusi, erTsulovan aTasebs win rommouZRvis, kimeriul Zlevamosilebas. masukve didi xania WaRara Tma aqvs, dabadebidanTandayolili niSani; mxcovaniasakis gamo Tavi gamelotebia, safeTqlebzesammagad ganaskvuli TavsaburaviSemouxvevia, RvTaebrivi Txemidan ormagisakvreli CamoSvebia. darapsma, romelicZlier itanjeboda aqemenidurbrZolaSi miRebuli Wrilobisagan, datisigamogzavna sabrZolvelad. Mmas SemosjarviasabrZolod anTebuli gangaridebi;isinic, visac gerusi Tavisi wylebisSesmiT agznebs, da isini, romlebic bikesistbis garSemo saxloben. ar gamohklebiaarc anqsuri, arc sidoni ZmasTan,radalusTan erTad; bedismauwyebeli furiremisavis momaswavebeli niSniT akesinurjarebs mouZRvis friqsusi. maTi250

impia germani praetentans vulnera Perses.densior haud usquam nec celsior extulit ullassilva trabes fessaeque prius rediere sagittaequin et ab Hyrcanis Titanius expulit antrisCiris in arma viros plaustrisque ad proelia cunctasCoelaletae traxere manus. ibi sutilis illisest domus et crudo residens sub vellere coniunxet puer e primo torquens temone cateias.linquitur abruptus pelago Tyra, linquitur et monsAmbenus et gelidis pollens Ophiusa venenisdegeneresque ruunt Sindi glomerantque paternocrimine nunc etiam metuentes verbera turmas.hos super aeratam Phalces agit aequore nubemcum fremitu densique levant vexilla Coralli,barbaricae quis signa rotae ferrataque dorsoforma suum truncaeque, Iovis simulacra, columnae.proelia nec rauco curant incendere cornuindigenas sed rite duces et prisca suorumfacta canunt veterumque, viris hortamina, laudes.ast ubi Sidonicas inter pedes aequat habenasillinc iuratos in se trahit Aea Batarnas,quos duce Teutagono crudi mora corticis armataequaque nec ferro brevior nec rumpia ligno.nec procul albentes gemina ferit aclyde parmashiberni qui terga Novae gelidumque securieruit et tota non audit Alazona ripa. 101aquosque Taras niveumque ferax Euarchus olorum.te quoque venturis, ingens Ariasmene, saeclistradiderim, molem belli lateque ferentemundique falcatos deserta per aequora currus.insequitur Drangea phalanx claustrisque profusiCaspiadae, quis turba canum non segnius acresexsilit ad lituos pugnasque capessit eriles.inde etiam par mortis honos tumulisque receptimegzuria priala bewviTa da oqrosrqebiT gamosaxuli furiremi, jars winmihyveba maRal Wolokze davanebuli. sevdiansar surs kvlav mrisxane dianasWalaSi dabruneba. persesma TxovniT salaSqrodSesZra agreTve hileas tomTanerTad sienesi, uCvenebda maT Zmis mieruRvTod miyenebul Wrilobebs. arsad asemWidrod da maRla ar aRumarTavs tyesxeebis kenweroebi, ise rom isrebic umalcviodnen, vidre xeTa umaRles kenweroebsmiaRwevdnen. hirkaniis gamoqvabulebidanacki aRazeva vaJkacebi sabrZolveladtitaniusma kirisma. brZolaSi Caabeskelaletebma yvela Tavisi razmi etlebzeamxedrebuli. maT aqvT iqve tyavisganSekerili sacxovrisebi, hyavT coli,romelic daumuSavebeli tyavis karavSizis, da vaJic, romelic wamaxul joxebsisvris xelnaze Semomjdari. mitovebuliqna zRvispira frialo tira, mTa ambenusicda momakvdinebeli SxamebiT uxvi ofiusa.gadagvarebuli sindebic moiCqarianda Tavs uyrian razmebs, maT axlac kiwinaparTa danaSaulis gamo dartymebiseSiniaT. Semdeg falkessac mohyavszeganze xmaurianad brinjaoTi SeiaraRebulimeomrebi da mravalricxovanikoralebi TavianT almebs aRmarTaven,gamousaxavT maTze barbarosuli borblebi,zurgze – rkinaSi amotvifruligareuli taxebi da waWrili svetebi,gamosaxuleba iupiterisa. isini brZolasxrinwiani sayviriT ki ar aRazeveben, aramedmRerian TavianTi winamZRolebis daTanatomelTa adaTisamebr gardasul saqmeTaSesaxeb, xotbas asxamen uxucesT. iqki, sadac swrafi fexosani, sidonur RvedebsuTanabrdeba, iqidan izidavs ea ficiTSekrul batarnebs, tevtagonusis winamZRolobiT,SeiaraRebulT nedli qerqissafarveliani farebiT da xmliT, romelzecTanabrad iyo ganawilebuli xe darkina. maxloblad TeTr mrgval farebsstyorcnis ormag xelSubs is, vinc zam-TarSi mdinare novas zedapirs najaxiTapobs da mTel sanapiroze aRar esmisyinulovani alazonis xma. . . . [tarasida TovliviT qaTqaTa gedebiT uxvi evarxusi]... msurs Seni saxelic momaval saukuneebsgadavce, didebulo ariasmenuss,omis burjo, romelic yovelgan Sor manZilzenamglebian etlebs udabur zegne-251

inter avos positusque virum. nam pectora ferroterribilesque innexa iubas ruit agmine nigrolatratu cohors quanto sonat horrida Ditisianua vel superas Hecates comitatus in auras.ducit ab Hyrcanis vates sacer agmina lucisVanus, eum Scythiae iam tertia viderat aetasmagnanimos Minyas Argoaque vela canentem.illius et dites monitis spondentibus Indiet centumgeminae Lagea novalia Thebestotaque Rhipaeo Panchaia rapta triumpho.discolor hastatas effudit Hiberia turmas,quas Otaces, quas Latris agunt, et raptor amorumNeurus et expertes canentis Iazyges aevi.namque ubi iam vires gelidae notusque refutatarcus et inceptus iam lancea temnit erilesmagnanimis mos ductus avis haud segnia mortisiura pati, dextra sed carae occumbere prolisense dato, rumpuntque moras natusque parensque,ambo animis, ambo miri tam fortibus actis.hic et odorato spirantes crine ~Mycael~Cessaeaeque manus et qui tua iugera nondumeruis, ignotis insons Arimaspe metallis,doctus et Auchates patulo vaga vincula gyrospargere et extremas laqueis adducere turmas.non ego sanguineis gestantem tympana bellisThyrsaget cinctumque vagis post terga silebopellibus et nexas viridantem floribus hastas.fama ducem Iovis et Cadmi de sanguine Bacchumhac quoque turiferos, felicia regna, Sabaeos,hac Arabas fudisse manu, mox rumperet Hebricum vada Thyrsagetas gelida liquisse sub Arcto.illis omnis adhuc veterum tenor et sacer aerispulsus et eoae memoratrix tibia pugnae.iungit opes Emeda suas, sua signa secutiExomatae Torynique et flavi crine Satarchae.mellis honor Torynis, ditant sua mulctra Satarchen,bze daatareb. Semdeg mohyvebian drangeissabrZolo wyebani da TavianTi savaneebidangamosuli kaspiadebi, romelTa ZaRlebisxrova rqis sayviris mkafio xmazeswrafad xtis da patronTa brZolaSi monawileobs.amitom sikvdilis Semdeg maTsakadrisi pativic ergebaT da ikrZalebianwinaparebis da vaJkacTa samarxebsSoris. ZaRlebis xrova ukve mkerd SejavSnulebida ajagrulebi Sav mwyobradmohqrian sazareli yefiT, rogoricgaismis disis SiSismomgvrel SesasvlelTanan hekates amala gamoscems maRlahaerSi. aqeT mohyavs jarebi hirkaniisWalebidan wminda misans vanuss; mas ukveskviTiis mesame Taoba xedavda, Tu rogorumReroda mamac miniebsa da argosialqnebs. misi winaswarmetyveluri gafrTxilebiTmdidarni arian indoelni daasbWiani Tebes egvipturi qveyana da mTelipanqaia, ripeis triumfiT dapyrobili.mravalferovani iberiidan SubosanTajarebi moedinebian, romelTac sardlobenotakesi, latrisi, siyvarulis gamtacebelinevrusi da iazigebi, romelTacar uwyian, Tu ra aris WaRara sibere.radgan rodesac Zala uwindeburad aRarerCiT da Cveuli mSvildi da maxviliukve Tavis patrons aRar adgeba didsulovaniwinaprebisagan aseTi adaTimosdgamT, ar daiTminon gangebiT dadgenilineli sikvdili, aramed aResrulonZvirfasi STamomavlis marjveniT, misTvismicemuli xmliT, lodins bolosuRebs Svilic da mSobelic, oriveerTsulovnad. orive gasaocaria aseTivaJkacuri saqcielis gamo. aq arian asevemikeebi, TmaSi keTilsurnelebis mfrqvevelni,da keseelTa razmebi da, arimaspi,udananaulo, umecari liTonisa, romelsacjer ar gagiTxria Seni miwebi, daavxati, daxelovnebuli mfrinavi bagirisSors wriulad tyorcnaSi, romlis yulfiyvelaze ukidures razmsac ki swvdeba.ar davdumdebi arc Tirsagetze, romelicsisxlian omebSi timpanons daatarebs,zurgze mogdebuli aqvs mofrialetyavi da xelT upyria yvavilebiT gar-Semownuli amwvanebuli maxvili. arsebobsTqmuleba, rom bakxusma, iupiterisda kadmusis sisxliT naTesavma, am razmissardlobiT keTilsurnelovani sabeelebi,maTi bednieri samefo da arabebic,252

Exomatas venatus alit nec clarior ullisArctos equis. abeunt Hypanin fragilemque per undamtigridis aut saevae profugi cum prole leaenaemaestaque suspectae mater stupet aggere ripae.impulit et dubios Phrixei velleris ardorCentoras et diros magico terrore Choatras.omnibus in superos saevus honor, omnibus artesmonstrificae, nunc vere novo compescere frondes,nunc subitam trepidis Maeotin solvere plaustris.maximus hos inter Stygia venit arte Coastes.sollicitat nec Martis amor, sed fama Cytaeaevirginis et paribus spirans Medea venenis.gaudet Averna palus, gaudet iam nocte quietaportitor et tuto veniens Latonia caelo.ibant et geminis aequantes cornibus alasBalloniti comitumque celer mutator equorumMoesus et ingentis frenator Sarmata conti.nec tot ab extremo fluctus agit aequore nec sicfratribus adversa Boreas respondet ab undaaut is apud fluvios volucrum canor, aethera quantustunc lituum concentus adit lymphataque miscetmilia, quot foliis, quot floribus incipit annus.VI, 322-342illum ubi congressu subiit Gesander iniquoterritat his: 'tu qui faciles hominumque putastihas, Argive, domos, alium hic miser aspicis annumaltricemque nivem festinaque taedia vitae.non nos aut levibus componere bracchia remisSemdeg ki, roca hebrusis wyalze gadadioda,miatova Tirsagetebi yinulovanCrdiloeTSi. maT axlac ki SemorCeniliaqvT winaparTa cxovrebis wesi: spilenZissakravze wminda dartymebi dafleita, mTxrobeli aRmosavluri brZolisSesaxeb. Tavis saomar Zalas urTavsemoda; TavianT almebs mohyvebian eqsomatebi,torinebi da qeraTmiani satarxebi.torinebi Tafls sdeben pativs, satarxebimdidarni arian sawveleliT,eqsomatebs ki nadiroba asazrdoebsCrdiloeTSi ar arsebobs maTze ufrogamorCeuli cxenebi. gadaiqroleben hipanisismyife yinuliT dafarul wyalze,iltvian vefxvis an mrisxane Zu lomisnaSierebiT da naRvliani deda SeSdebasaeWvo napiris beqobze. friqsusis sawmisiswadilma aRazeva arasaimedo kentorebida grZneulebiT SiSismomgvrelixoaTrebi. isini yvelani uzenaes ZalebsgaSmagebiT scemen Tayvans, yvela gasaocarxelobas flobs: ZaluZT SeaCerongazafxulis dadgomisas amwvaneba, xanuecrad daadnon meotisi mtokavi etlebisaTvis.maT Soris yvelaze aRmatebulistigeuri xelovnebiT moemarTeba koastesi.mas aqezebs ara omis siyvaruli, aramedsaxeli kiteeli qalwulisa, msgavsiSxamebiT suldgmuli medeasi. xarobs avernusisWaobi, mSvidi Ramis gamo xarobsqaroni da latonia, romelic usafrTxocaze micuravs. movidnen balonitebi, aTanabrebdnensabrZolo rigebs orive flangzeda mesieli, romelic Tanmxleb cxenebsswrafad icvlis da sarmati, uzarmazariSubis mtyorcneli. arc amden nakadsaRazevebs boreasi ukiduresi zRvis napirebidan,arc ase exmianeba Zmebs sapirispirotalRis zvirTebidan, arc frinvel-Ta aseTi xmauri amtydara mdinareebTan,rogorc iq sayvirTa erTxmovaneba casswvdeboda da aRagznebda gondabindulaTasebs imdens, ramdeni foToli, ramdeniyvavilic icis gazafxulze.VI, 322-342roca gesanderi uTanasworo brZolaSikanTuss SeeCexa, SiSs hgvris aseTi sityvebiT:`Sen, argivelo, romelmac es sacxovrisebimyudrod da adamianurad mii-Cnie, xedav aq, sabralov, gansxvavebulJamTa cvlas, masazrdovebel Tovls dasicocxlis droul ugulebelyofas. arc253

novimus aut ventos opus exspectare ferentes:imus equis qua vel medio riget aequore pontusvel tumida fremit Hister aqua. nec moenia nobisvestra placent: feror Arctois nunc liber in arviscuncta tenens; mecum omnis amor iacturaque plaustrisola nec hac longum victor potiere rapina.ast epulae quodcumque pecus, quaecumque ferarum.mitte Asiae, mitte Argolicis mandata colonis,ne trepident. numquam has hiemes, haec saxarelinquam,Martis agros, ubi tam saevo duravimus amneprogeniem natosque rudes, ubi copia letitanta viris. sic in patriis bellare pruinispraedarique iuvat talemque hanc accipe dextram!'dixit et Edonis nutritum missile ventisconcitat. it medium per pectus et horrida nexuletifer aera chalybs . . .VII, 186-192.…volucrem tunc aspicit Irinfestinamque iubet monitis parere Dioneset iuvenem Aesonium praedicto sistere luco.protinus hinc Iris Minyas, Cytherea petivitColchida, Caucaseis speculatrix Iuno reseditrupibus attonitos Aeaea in moenia vultusspeque metuque tenens et adhuc ignara futuri.VII, 349-370rursus ad Haemonii iuvenis curamque metumquevertitur, hunc solum propter seu vivere gaudenssive mori, quodcumque velit. maiora precaturcarmina, maiores Hecaten immittere viresnunc sibi, nec notis stabat contenta venenis.cingitur inde sinus et, qua sibi fida magis visnulla, Prometheae florem de sanguine fibraeCaucaseum promit nutritaque gramina monti,quae sacer ille nives inter tristesque pruinasdurat alitque cruor cum viscere vultur adesotollitur e scopulis et rostro inrorat aperto.mCate niCbebze xelebis dawyoba gvexerxeba,da arc zurgqaris lodini gvWirdeba.cxenebs davaqrolebT zRvis gayinul SuagulSian iq, sadac istrusi wyals aCuxCuxebs.ar vwyalobT Tqveni qalaqis kedlebs:axla Tavisuflad davqrivar CrdiloeTiszegnebze. yvelaferi maqvs dayovelives Tan davatareb; SesaZloa mxolodetli davkargo da am nadavlsac didixniT ver daisakuTreb rogorc gamarjvebuli.sazrdo ki Cveni aris yovelgvaripirutyvi Tu nadiri gaugzavne aziis,gaugzavne argolidis mcxovrebT gankarguleba,rom SiSi nu eqnebaT: arasodesdavtoveb me am yinvebs, am kldeebs, marsisvelebs, sadac aseT Smag mdinareSiCveni STamomavloba da axalSobilebigamovawrTeT, sadac amdengvaria sikvdilikacTaTvis. mSobliur yinvaSi omic danadavlis mopovebac tkbilia da gamoscadees marjvenac” – Tqva da gauqana edonuriqarebiT nasazrdoebi oroli. SiggulmkerdSi moxvda sasikvdilo rkina dagaglija mtkiced Sekruli abjari...VII, 186-192.... maSin xedavs frTosan iriss da avalebs,saswrafod diones Segonebas damorCildesda esonidi ymawvili SepirebulWalaSi miiyvanos. myisve iswrafairisma miniebTan, kiTerea ki kolx qalwulTangaeSura, iuno mWvreteli kavkasusiskldeebze dabrZanebula, daJinebulimzera miupyria eas kedlebisaken, imediTada SiSiT, ara uwyoda, Tu ramoxdeboda.VII, 349-370. . . es Tqva man da kvlav miubrundebahemoniel ymawvils zrunviTa da SiSiT,aRsavse sixaruliT, rom igi mxolod misTvisicxovrebs an Tavs gaswiravs, rasacigi moisurvebs. hekates sTxovs, rom Zlierijadosnuri Selocvebi, didi ZalebiaRazevos exla masSi da igi idga iq,ukmayofilo misi cnobili SxamebiT. Semdegwelze qamars ikravs da iRebs kavkasiuryvavils, promeTes RviZlis sisxlisaganaRmocenebuls, amaze saimedo Zalamas sxva araferi eguleba. Semdgom balaxebs,qarTagan nasazrdoebs, romelTacwminda sisxli Tovlsa da susxian yinvaSiawrTobs da kvebavs, roca Zera STanTqavsra Signeuls, myis frialo kldeebi-254

idem nec longi languescit finibus aeviimmortale virens, idem stat fulmina contrasalvus et in mediis florescunt ignibus herbae.prima Hecate Stygiis duratam fontibus harpenintulit et validas scopulis effodit aristas,mox famulae monstrata seges, quae lampade Phoebessub decima iuga feta metit saevitque per omnesreliquias saniemque dei. gemit inritus illeColchidos ora tuens. totos tunc contrahit artusmonte dolor cunctaeque tremunt sub falce catenae.VIII, 202-211Puppe procul summa vigilis post terga magistrihaeserat auratae genibus Medea Minervaeatque ibi deiecta residens in lumina pallaflebat adhuc, quamquam Haemoniis cum regibus iretsola tamen nec coniugii secura futuri.illam Sarmatici miserantur litora ponti,illa Thoanteae transit defleta Dianae,nulla palus, nullus Scythiae non maeret euntemamnis. Hyperboreas movit conspecta pruinastot modo regna tenens . . .VIII, 217-219Insula Sarmaticae Peuce stat nomine nymphaetorvus ubi et ripa semper metuendus utraquein freta per saevos Hister descendit alumnus . . .dan maRla aiWreba da gaRebuli niskartidannamavs maT. am yvavils JamTa cvlaver aWknobs, maradmwvanea, verafers aklebsuamindoba, misi foTlebi Sig cecxl-Sic ki xaroben. pirvelad hekatem moitanastigiis wyaroebSi gamowrTobili namgalida gaTiba Zlieri TavTavebi cicabokldeebze, maleve uCvena samkali mxevalqals, romelic febes meaTe lamprisSuqze nayofier ferdobebs Tibavs damrisxanebs RmerTis narCenebisa da bal-Ramis gamo. gminavs is amaod, kolxi qalissaxis danaxvaze. kldeze mijaWvulstkivili mTels sxeulSi uvlis da mTelijaWvi erTianad zanzarebs namglis moqnevaze.VIII, 202-211. . . Sors, sruliad maRla kiCoze,fxizeli mesaWis zurgs ukan ganrTxmulamedea mooqrovil minervas muxlebTan daiq mjdomare Tvalebze mosasxamafarebuli,kvlav tiroda, Tumca hemoniel mefeebTanerTad miemgzavreboda, mainc martosuliiyo, arc momavali qorwineba eimedeboda.igi ecodebaT sarmatiis zRvisnapirebs, Cauvlis Toantur dianas, masrom dastiris, yoveli Waobi, skviTiisyvela mdinare dardobs gzakval abneulze.hiperboreis Tovlic ki SeiZra misiSemyure, vinc sul axlaxan amxela samefosflobda.VIII, 217-219dgas kunZuli pevke, sarmatiis nimfis saxeliTwodebuli, sadac mquxare da maradJamsSiSismomgvreli istrusi orivenapirze daudgromeli nakadebiT zRvaSiCaedineba...255

Index nominumAbsyrtus 5.457; 6.171, 517; 8.261, 369*Acastus 1.164; -um 1.153, 485; -i 1.709,6.720; -o 1.695Acesinus 6.69*Achaemenius 6. 65Achaeus 6.46Aea (a) nympha: -an 5. 424 (b) terra: 1.742, 5.51, 6.96Aeaeus: 1.451, 5.277, 547, 620; 6.189;7.119, 191, 281Aeetes 1.43; 3.495; 5.285, 553, 589, 599;6.13; 7.640; 8.138; -a 7.89; 8.11, 350. -en2.379; 5.317, 393, 685; -ae 4.14; 6.22; -ae5.289, 401Aeetis 6.481, 7.445, 8.233Aeetius 6.267, 542, 691; 7.565; 8.379Alani -os 6.42, -is 6.656Alazon -ona 6.101Albanus 3.497; 5.258, 459; 6.44, 194, 8.153(subst.) 6.271 (Styrus)Amastrus 6.554 cf. Ciz. 3.145Amazon 5.89 Amazonis: -idum 4.602Ambenus (mons) 6. 85 (Scytha) 6.251Anausis 6.43, 266; -in 6.272Ancon 4.600Anguis 6.40Anxur 6.68Apres -em 6.638 (-en?)Aquites 6.295*Arabes -as 6.139Arctos 6.147; -on 4.210, 5.272; -o 1.419,5.317, 6.140; -os 3.359; 5.46, 155; 6.40,612Arctous 3.499; 5.619; 6.295, 330Argus Phrixi filius 5.460, 6.553Ariasmenus 6.387, 394, 423; -e 6.103Arimaspus 6.131Arines -en 6.638Armenia: -ae 5.166Armis 6.530Aron 5.590; 6.524, 536*Arsinoe 5.421Asia: -am 1.542, 554; 2.614; 4.728; 7.43;8.396: -ae 4.210: -ae 6.334Auchates 6.132Auchus 6.60; -i 6.619Balloniti 6.161Barisas: -anta 6.557Batarnae: -as 6.96Bisaltae 6.48Byces: -en 6.68Byzeres 5.152Caicus: -e 6.688; -o 6.688* Calais 3.692, 4.465, 6.557Callichorus 5.75Campesus 5.593, 6.243*Canthus 1.166, 451; 7.422 -e 6.317, 346; -um 6.364,368 bis: -i 3.192; 6.350Carambis 5.107Caresus 6.192Carmeius 5.582Caspius (a) Scytha 6.189, (b) adj. 5.124*CastorCaucaseus 4.63, 72; 5.253, 381; 7.190, 357, 565Caucasus (a) Colchus 6.641 (b) mons 5.155, 161,518; 6.612; 7.55Celaeneus 3. 406Centores: -as 6.151Ceramnus: -i 6.550Cessaeus 6.130Chalciope: -en 6.479: -es 7.156Chalybes: -um 4.611, 5.141Choaspes: -en 5.584Choatrae: -as 6.151Cimmerius 6.61 (subst.) -ium (gen. pl.) 3.399Circaeus 5.327, 6.426, 7.544Circe 6.445: -e (voc.) 7.217, 347: -en 7.120, 212Ciris 6.80 (Cyris edd.)Coastes 6.155 (Choastes?)Colaxes 6.48, 621, 646Colchi 3.698; 4.706; 5.440; 6.190, 241: -i (voc.)8.264: -os 1.66, 201, 327, 391, 743; 3.82; 4.618;5.178, 283, 420; 6.30. 389, 530, 691; 7. 231; 8.313: -orum 6.417: -is 3.6812; 5.451, 633; 6.742; 8. 156,320, 326: -is 5. 50Colchis (a) Medea 5.349; 7.181, 389, 584, 596; 8.68,70, 83, 338: -ida 6.468; 7.153, 190, 575; 8.2: -idos7.369, 625 (b) terra: -ida 1.52, 5.505, (8.161): -idos2.423, 5.202 (c) adi: -idos 5.417: -des 8.142Coralli 6.89Cremedon: -onis 6.194Cyrnus: -e 6.297Cytaeus (a) adj. 6.156, 543, 595, 693 (b) subst. -i6.427: -is 5.466Cytisorus 5.462Cytoros : -on 5.105Daraps 6.66, 572Datis: -in 6.65*Deileon: -onta 5.114Dipsas: -anta 6.192Drangeus 6.106, -ius 6.507256

Edonus 6.340Emoda 6.143Evarchus 6.102Euryale: -en 5.612: -es 6.370* Eurytus 3.99, 471; 6.569: -e 1.439Exomatae 6.144: -as 6.146, 569Gangaridae: -um 6.67 Gargara 2.360, 583Gelas: -ae 6.208Gelonus: -o 7.236: -i 6.512Gerus 6.67Gesander 6.303, 322, 365: -rum 6.280, 371Gessithous: um 6.637Getae 5.603, 6.507: -is 5.418Geticus 2.204, 232; 5.618; 6.619; 7.645Halys flumen 5.112, 120Harpe: -en 6.375Hebrus (a) flumen: -um 7.646: -i 2.515,4.463, 6.139: -o 8.228 (b) Cyzicenus: -o3.149 (c) Scytha: -um 6.618Helice 1.18: -en 5.71Helix 6.570HelleHenioche 5.357Heniochi: -os 6.43* HerculesHiber 5.166, 559; 6.507, 750, -o 7.235Hiberia 5.604, 6.120Hiberus 2.34, 3.730Hister 6.329; 8.219, 256: -ri 4.718, 8.185Hora: ae 6.58Hylaeus 6.74Hypanis (a) flumen 4.710 (b) Colchus: -in6.252Hyperboreus 8.210Hyperionides: -e 5.471Hyperionius 2.34Hypetaon: -ona 6.637Hyrcanus 3.494; 6.79, 114, 203Iapetus 4.74: -i 1.564*IasonIaxartes: -en 5.596Iazyges 6.122: -as 6.281*IdasIdasmenus 6.196*IdmonIndi 6.117*Io* IphisIron (a) Cyzicenus 3.111 (b) Scytha 6.201Issedonius 6.750* Lacon*Lageus 6.118Latagus: -um 5.584, 6.572Latris 6.121Lexanor: -oris 6.686Lyce: -en 6.374Macrones: 5.151Maeotis 6.565 (nympha): -in 6.38Maeotius 4.720, 6.38Massagetes: -en 5.125Medores 6.211Medus 5.604: -um 5.125* Melas*MeleagerMenippe 6.377Menoetius 6.343Moesus adj. 2.360 (b) subst 6.162Moneses: -en 6.189Monesus: -in 6.651Mossynoeci 5.151Mycaei 6.129Myrace: -en 6.50Myraces 6.690, 717* NestorNeurus 6.122Novas 6.100Ocheus 6.200Ocreus 6.251Odrussa 5.594* OebaliusOebasus*OenidesOlbus 6.638Oncheus 6.256Ophiusa 6.85Otaces 6.121Otaxes 6.529* Panchaia 6.119Phasiades: -en 6.640*Parthi 6.891Perseis 7.238Perseius 5.581, 6.495Perses 3.493, 502; 5.266, 271, 284; 6.15, 26, 34, 75,725, 741: -e 6.605: -en 5.529, 634, 678; 6.30Peuce (a) nympha: -en 8.256 (b) insula 8.217: -en8.293: -ae 8.376Peucon 6.564Phaethon (a) Sol 3.213 (b) Solis filius: -onta 5.429Phalces 6.88: -en 6.244, 554Phalerus: -e 1.398: -i 4.654, 6.217Phasiades 6.640257

Phrixeus 1.391; 2.585; 5.632; 6.150; 8.75,119, 267Phrixus 6. 70Phrontis 5.480*PolluxPonticus 1.800Pontus 4.723: -um 2.629: -i 1.716; 4.318,561, 590, 712; 5.165Prion 6.619Prometheus (a) subst. 5.154 (b) adi. 7.356Phasis (a) numen fluminis 5.425 (b) flumenipsum 1.518, 2.597; 4.545; 5.51, 179: -i5.205, 208: -in 1.43, 87; 2.379; 7.220: -idis1.2, 78; 3.306, 501, 662; 4.616, 706; 5.342,420, 440; 6.295, 319, 641, 643; 7.564: -ide5.299Rhadalus 6.69Rambelus 6.529Rhipeus 2.516; 5.558, 602; 6.33, 119; 7.562Rhyndacus (a) flumen: -e 3.35 (b) Scytha: -e 6.220Rhipeus: -ae 6.558Sabaei: -os 6.138Sabaeus 6.709Sarmata 6.162Sarmaticus 2.176; 5.423; 6.231; 8.207, 217Satarches: -en 6.145: -ae 6.144Sauromatae 7.235Scythia: -am 1.43, 87; 6.34, 428, 728: -ae1.745; 4.617; 5.525; 6.7, 115, 350, 647 bis;7.424; 8.209Scythicus 1.2, 58, 331, 345, 442, 503, 716;2.379, 574, 595, 648; 3.307, 496, 617, 653;4.9, 728; 5.224, 325, 516; 6.49, 319; 7.42;8.185Scythis: -idum 5.342* Sesostris 5.417* Sestos 1.285: -on 5.201Sibotes 6.249Sidon 6.69Sidonicus 6.95Sindi 6.86Sinope 5.109: -es 5.108Sol 1.504, 3.401, 4.92: (voc.) 8.350: -is 1.44; 3.730;5.224, 581; 6.442, 518; 8.282, 460: -e 5.263, 456,567Soligena: -am 5.317: -ae 5.223Strymon: -ona 6.193Stygius 1.730, 781; 2.106, 173, 601; 3.398, 446, 450;6.155; 7.364; 8.87Styrus 3.497; 5.459; 6.266; 8.299, 329: -e 6.275: -i8.335Suetes: -en 6.550Sydon 6.69Syenes: -en 6.74, 703Tages 6.223Talaus 1.358: -um 3.478, 5.366, 6.720: -i 3.471Tanais 4.719: -i 1.538Taras 6.102TartareusTaulas: -antis 6.221Taxes 6.252*TelamonTeutagonus: -o 6.97Thermodon 4.601, 5.121Thoe: -en 6.375Thydrus: -um 6.639Thyrsagetes: -en 6.135: -as 6.140Tibareni: -um 5.147Tibisenus 6.50Titan (a) Sol 2.37, 57 (b) Prometheus 5.169: -ana4.79Titanis: -ida 7.212Titanius 4.91, 5.563, 6.79, 7.347 (b) 5.156, 7.449Toryni 6.144: -is 6.145Tyra 6.84: -es 4.719Tyres 6.201Vanus 6.115*VenusVoraptus: -e 6.288Zacorus: -um 6.554Zetes (a) Argonauta 1.469; 4.465, 466 (b)258

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