medicinis istoria

medicinis istoriamedicinis mecnierebaTa doqtors mixeil Tvaurs kargad icnobs Cveniqveynis samedicino sazogadoebrioba. is wlebis manZilze saTaveSi edgaborjomis raionis samkurnalo qsels, ikvlevda borjomis mineraluriwylebis samkurnalo Tvisebebs, misi aRmoCenis istorias. am sakiTxs manmravali gamokvleva da samedicino naSromi miuRZvna.sadReisod batoni mixeili kvlav dainteresebulia erovnulimedicinis istoriis im periodiT, romelic eZRvneba borjom-bakurianisxeobaSi mineraluri wylebis aRmoCenis jer kidev mecnierulad ucnobistorias, maT samkurnalo Tvisebebs.amjerad gTavazobT nawyvets mis mier Sesrulebuli Sromidan.borjomis mineraluri wylebis sabadoebis aRmoCenis Sesaxebm. Tvauriborjomis xeoba saqarTvelos erT-erTi ulamazesi mxarea. caSiatyorcnili mTebiT, saukunovani tyeebiT, mCqefare mdinareebiTa daCanCqerebiT, daklaknili SesaniSnavi pirobebiT, amfiTeatris msgavsadganlagebuli sxvadasxva Semadgenlobis mineraluri wylebis sabadoebiT,romlebmac saqveynod gauTqves saxeli.SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom Tamar mefem mtkvris xeobas, `Tavisisamefos gvirgvinis margaliti~ uwoda. aseTi maRali Sefaseba mtkvrisxeobis did Rirebulebasa da mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs da dResac ZalaSirCeba, borjomis unikaluri, mineraluri wylebis msoflio aRiarebisgamo.2007 wlis 10 seqtembers 100 weli Seusrulda q. spasSi (belgia)gamarTul saerTaSoriso gamofenaze, boTliani borjomis mineraluriwylis granprizis da medliT dajildoebidan, romelsac Semdeg wlebSimohyva misi dajildoeba 10 oqros medliT, erTi `platonis varskvlaviT~da 5 - sapatio diplomiT.1

orjomis mineraluri wylis mwarmobeli - `saqarTvelos minisa damineraluri wylebis kompania ISO 2200000 saerTaSoriso standartisSesabamisi produqciis usafrTxoebis sertifikati mieniWa. igi iZlevaproduqciis kontrolis saSualebas misi arsebobis mTeli ciklisganmavlobaSi, mopovebiT dawyebuli da savaWro qselSi gavrcelebiT.`saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylis kompania~ erTaderTiapostsabWoTa sivrceSi, romelsac mieniWa msoflio xarisxis standartissertifikati, es didi gamarjveba erTxel kidev adasturebs borjomismineraluri wylis unikalurobas.vfiqrobT saintereso iqneba Cveni qveynis istoriuli warsulisSexseneba. cnobilia is daZabuli mdgomareoba, romelic XVIII_XIXsaukuneebSi arsebobda ruseTsa da TurqeTs Soris, rac xSirad saomarimoqmedebebis mizezi iyo.ruseTis imperia cdilobda daepyro samxreT sazRvarTanganlagebuli axalcixis safaSo. jer kidev 1769 wels ruseTisimperatorma ekaterine meorem saqarTveloSi moavlina jaris nawilebigraf totlebenis meTaurobiT, romelsac Tavisi jariT SeuerTda mefeerekle meore. 1770 wels maT erToblivad Seuties awyuris cixe-simagres,magram uSedegod. samxedro taqtikis sakiTxebSi SeuTanxmeblobis gamototlebema, Tavisi jaris nawilebi ukan daabruna imereTSi, brZolisvelze miatova mefe erekle meore, ris gamoc erekle meores mouxdauTanasworo brZolis gamarTva mtris Warb ZalebTan, miuxedavad amisa,daamarcxa isini da gamarjvebuli dabrunda TbilisSi.meore cda axalcixis dasalaSqrad 1808 wels moawyo amierkavkasiismTavarmmarTebelma grafma i.c. gudoviCma, romelic uSedegod damTavrda,saomari operaciis araswori dagegmvisa da armiaSi jariskacTaudisciplinobis gamo.axalcixeze mesame galaSqreba ganaxorciela amierkavkasiismTavarmarTebelma generalma a. tormasovma, 1810 wlis 16 noembers, mdinaremtkvris xeobis gavliT, man moaxdina axalcixis aTdRiani blokada.ruseTis jars SeuerTda qarTuli laSqari general-maior Tamazorbelianis meTaurobiT, romelSic gaerTianebuli iyvnen konstantinebagrationisa da vaxtang orbelianis danayofebi.2

am periodSi axalcixeSi mZvinvarebda Savi Wiris epidemia, romelicdaadgina polkis mTavarma eqimma ivane pribilma. Savi Wiris infeqciiTdaiRupa qarTul laSqarSi 6 mebrZoli da 5 jariskaci ruseTis armiaSi.aRniSnulis gamo, generalma a. tormasovma 26 noembers moaxdinaaxalcixis deblokireba da jaris nawilebi ukan daabruna, imave gziT,gaukacrielebuli mtkvris xeobiT. 1810 wlis 4 dekembers generalia.tormasovis jaris nawilebi dabinavdnen mdinare mtkvris marjvenamxareze, petres cixis pirdapir. generali a. tormasovis ukan daxeulijaris ZiriTad nawilebs, mtris jaris SesaZlo devnisagan icavdageneral partiaginis ariergardi, romlebic maT SeuerTdnen 5 dekembers.teritoriis simciris gamo, generalma tormasovma jaris nawilebigadmoanacvla imave, mdinare mtkvris marjvena mxares, axlandelisanatoriumi `firuzis~ teritoriaze, sadac maT dahyves erTi dRe-Rame.swored aq moxda general-maior Tamaz orbelianis meomrebisa da generala. tormasovis jariskacebis gacnoba bunebis ucnaur movlenasTan -mineraluri wylis drogamoSvebiT xmaurian amofrqvevebTan. Cvendasabednierod, polkis mTavarma eqimma ivane pribilma, romelsacSeswavlili hqonda kurortologiis cikli praRis universitetSi dakargad icnobda kurort karslbadis geizerebis moqmedebas, manorganoleptikuri Tvisebebis SeswavliT (wylis temperatura, suni, gemo,gamWvirvaloba, fraqciebi, naleqebis arseboba) dadebiTi Sefaseba miscaaRmoCenil mineraluri wylis sabados.samsaxurebrivi movaleobis gadatvirTvis gamo, man yuradReba verdauTmo 1810 wels mtkvris xeobaSi aRmoCenili mineraluri wylissabadoebs, romlis analizi ganaxorciela mxolod 1836 wels Tbilisishospitlis provizorma x. villemsma. man aseve, paralelurad, Seiswavlacixisjvris, axalcixis, abasTumnis, uravelas mineraluri wylebi daaxtalis talaxi sofel gurjaanSi. misi uSualo rekomendaciiT,amierkavkasiis mTavarmarTebelma generalma e. golovinma Tavisiavadyofili qaliSvili - ekaterine 1841 wlis zafxulSi borjomSiCamoiyvana, sadac igi gamojanmrTelda. mTavarmmarTebelma mineraluriwylis sabados Searqva ekaterines saxeli, xolo mineraluri wylismeore sabados Tavisi saxeli - evgeni. swored am faqtidan iwyeba3

yuradRebis miqceva borjomis mineraluri wylis sabadoebze, romelsacborjomis mineraluri wylebis sabadoebis dafuZnebis periodi ewodeba.1842 wels eqimebma s. amirovma da o.o. popeikom Tbilisis hospitlismTavari eqimis i. pribilis xelmoweriT gaugzavnes werili kavkasiismTavarmaTebels e. golovins, rom borjomis mineraluri wylissabadoebis parkisaTvis mieniWebinaT kurortis saxeli, rac dadebiTadgadawyda.i. pribili iyo didi klinicisti, organizatoruli niWiTdajildoebuli pirovneba, borjomis, rogorc kurortis, erT-erTidamaarsebeli da misi didi Tayvanismcemeli, saqarTveloskurortologiis mecnierebis didi medroSe, griboedovis mkurnali eqimi,didi avtoritetis mqone pirovneba, romelmac 1847 wlis 17 oqtombridan 1noembramde Tbilisis samxedro hospitalSi moiwvia ruseTis gamoCeniliqirurgi pirogovi, romelmac 15 rTuli operacia gaakeTa, Tanac pirveladeTeris narkoziT.1852 wels gamoqveynda gorSi dislocirebul qarTul husarTapolkis mTavari eqimis solomon amirovis samecniero-praqtikuli naSromisaTauriT - `Canawerebi borjomis mineralur wylebze~, romelSicgaanalizebulia avtoris 13 wlis dakvirvebis Sedegebi (502 avadmyofi),romelTaganac gamojanmrTelda 272 avadmyofi, mdgomareoba gauumjobesda163 avadmyofs. ucvleli darCa 65 avadmyofis mdgomareoba, gardaicvala 2avadmyofi (filtvis tuberkuloziT). amgvarad, mkurnalobis dadebiTiSedegebi aReniSna 85%-s. eqmi s. amirovis samecniero-praqtikuli naSromiiyo pirveli borjomis mineraluri wyliT mkurnalobis sakiTxebSi,romelmac dasabami misca borjomis mineraluri wylebis mkurnalobisdetalur Seswavlas ruseTis wamyvan samecniero dawesebulebebSi.s. amirovis naSromSi moTavsebulia ruseTis imperiis mefisnacvaliss. voroncovis mkurnali eqimis, medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtorise.andreevskis 10 SeniSvna da rekomendacia, romelSic igi aRniSnavs, rom,`Cven ar SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT, Tu rodis iqna aRmoCenili borjomismineraluri wylebi. gasakviria mxolod is, rom mxareSi, sadac uxvadgvxvdeba sxvadasxva saxis uZvelesi nagebobani, wyarosTan axlos araRmoCnda arc erTi kenWi, romelic migvaniSnebda am adgilebSi raimesaxis mowyobilobas~.... (s. amirovi, `borjomis mineralur wylebze~, gv. 64).4

aRniSnuli daskvna borjomze arsebul literaturaSi SecdomiTmikuTvnebuli aqvs statiis avtors s. amirovs, rac Sesworebas saWiroebs.istorikosebi: m. tomkeevi, s. makalaTia, v. abulaZe da sxvebimiiCneven, rom axalcixis livaSi, sofel andriawmindasTan dasaxlebuliyofila 5-komliani sofeli `borjomi~-s saxelwodebiT, romelicgamahmadianebis Tavidan asacileblad ayrila da gadmosaxlebula sofeltaSiskarTan, sayaraulo koSkis siaxloves (1745-1772 wlebi). maT Zvelimama-papuri saxeli `borjomi~ SeunarCunebiaT axali dasaxlebisaTvis.taSiskarSi mdgar qarTuli miliciis nawilebs, Tavisi iniciativiTkoSkisTvis miuniWebiaT `borjomi~-s saxeli. amgvarad suramSi rusulijaris egerTa polkis ori aseulis dislocirebamde (1808 w.) taSiskarissayaraulo koSks ukve ewodeboda borjomis saxeli. literaturuladgamoTqmis gamartivebis TvalsazrisiT rusis jariskacebs sayaraulokoSkisaTvis miuniWebiaT `borjomis~ blokhauzis (savele simagris)saxeli, `mtkvris~ xeobisaTvis borjomis xeobis saxeli da mineraluriwylebis sabadoebisaTvis aseve borjomis saxeli.sityva `borjoms~ sxvadasxva avtorebi araerTgvarovan ganmartebebsaZleven, rac dazustebas saWiroebs.zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom: 1.borjomis mineraluri wylis sabadoebis `meored~ aRmoCena miekuTvnebageneral maior Tamaz orbelianis qarTuli laSqris meomrebsa dageneral a. tormasovis jariskacebs 1810 wlis 5 dekembers.2. borjomis mineraluri wylebis sabadoebis pirveli analiziSesrulebulia 1836 wels Tbilisis samxedro hospitalis provizorisx.villemsis mier, hospitalis mTavari eqimis i. pribilis davalebiT.3. borjomis mineraluri wylebis sabados samkurnalo TvisebebispopularizaciaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrules q. gorSidislocirebulma xersonis grenaderTa polkis jariskacebma.4. 1845-1872 wlebSi axalcixis sofel andriawmindasTan arsebuli 5-komliani sofeli `borjomis~ saxelwodebiT, gamahmadianebis Tavidanasacileblad, gadmosaxlebula sof. taSiskarTan, SeunarCunebiaT soflismamapapuri saxeli `borjomi~, romelic miakuTvnes taSiskaris sayaraulokoSks, mtkvris xeobas da TviT borjomis mineraluri wylis sabadoebs.5

mkiTxvels vTavazobT borjomis mineraluri wylis mier mopovebulijildoebis nusxas, romelic sxvadasxva wlebSi moipova saerTaSorisogamofenebze.ruseTis imperiis periodSi:1. 1907 w. q. spa (belgia) - mieniWa sapatio diplomi (didi prizi);2. 1909 w. q. yazani - mieniWa oqros didi medali;3. 1911 w. q. drezdeni (germania) - mieniWa sapatio diplomisabWoTa periodSi:1. 1940 w. q. talini - mieniWa oqros medali.2. 1960 w. ssr kavSiris saxalxo meurneobis gamofenaze mieniWasapatio medali.saqarTvelos respublikis damoukideblobis periodSi:a. saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompania1. 1996 w. sankt-peterburgi - dajildovda oqros medliT;2. 1997 w. q. moskovi - dajildovda oqros medliT;3. 1997 w. q. sankt-peterburgi - dajildovda oqros medliT;4. 1998 w. q. novosibirski - dajildovda oqros medliT;5. 1998 w. q. sankt-peterburgi - dajildovda oqros medliT.b. borjomis S.p.s. `bigis~ - mier mopovebuli jildoebi:1. 1996 w. dajildoebulia pirveli xarisxis diplomiT;2. 1997 w. q. moskovis gamofena - dajildovda oqros medliT;3. 1997 w. q. alma-atas gamofena - dajildovda oqros medliT;4. 1998 w. q. sankt-peterburgis konkursi - dajildovda oqrosmedliT;5. 1998 w. q. soWis gamofena - dajildovda brinjaos medliT dabazrobis diplomiT;6. 1998 w. q. moskovis gamofena - dajildovda oqros medliT;7. 1998 w. saerTaSoriso konkursSi `cimbiri-98~ moipova diplomi daoqros mcire medali;8. 1999 w. espaneTis gamofena - dajildovda `platinis varskvlavis~medliT.К вопросу об истории обнаружения Боржомских минеральных источников6

М. ТвауриСогласно данным литературы, Боржомские минеральные источники обнаружены«вторично» солдатами Горского Херсонского полка, дислоцированного в г. Гори в 1816году, под командованием полковника А. Попова.При тщательном изучении вопроса выяснено, что Боржомские источникиминеральных вод обнаружены раньше - 5 декабря 1810 года, бойцами генерал-майораТамаза Орбелиани и генерала А. Тормасова, находящихся в походе при взятии Ахалцихе,После 10-дневной блокады Ахалцихе, по причине эпидемии в регионе чумы, генерал А.Тормасов вынужденно оставил Ахалцихе и совместно с присоединившимся к его войскамбойцами генерал-майора Тамаза Орбелиани, 4 декабря 1810 года вернулся и разместилсяна правом берегу Куры на территории где в настоящее время расположен санаторий«Фирюза». 5 декабря 1810 года бойца оказались свидетелями странного природногоявления - периодически бурлящего источника минеральные вод сопровождающегосяшумом. Главный врач полка И. Прибыль, который изучал цикл курортологии в Пражскомуниверситете, хорошо знал гейзеровскую природу Карлсбадских минеральныхисточников и провел изучение органолептические свойства воды (запах, вкус,прозрачность, температуру, наличие осадка, фракции) и дал положительную оценкуобнаруженной минеральной воде. Будучи очень занятым человеком, И.Прибыль лишь в1836 году направил своего провизора Х. Виллямся, для проведения первого углубленноголабораторного анализа Боржомских минеральных вод. Параллельно исследовалисьАбастуманские, Ахалцихские, Цихисджварские источныки, лечебные грязи в с.Гурдхаани.По рекомендации И. Прибыля, летом 1841 года, на лечение в Боржоми приехаладочь генерала Е.Головина, Екатерина, и вылечилась. Её именем назван первый источникминеральных вод, а второй - именем самого генерала Е. Головина - Евгеньевский.По ходатайству врачей С. Амирова, О. Попейко, главного врача Тбилисскоговоенного госпиталя И. Прибыл, в 1842 году порку Боржомских минеральных вод былприсвоен статус курорта. Эта дата и считается датой основания курорта Боржоми.Таким образом, Боржомские минеральные источники впервые были обнаружены 5декабря 1810 года бойцами генерал-майора Т. Орбелиану и и солдатами генерала А.Иормасова, а бальнеоклиматические ресурсы Восточной Грузии изучены детально ииспользованы с лечебной целью главным врачом Тбилисского военного госпиталя И.Прибылем, который занимался также и подготовкой кадров по курортологии.7

For the issue of discovering the Mines of Mineral Waters of BorjomiM. TvauriToday in the Literatures about the resort “Borjomi” is written that it was second timediscovered in city Gori in 1816 year by the dislocated horsemen regiment solders, they wereguided by the colonel P.Popov.In 1810 the Black Deathe Epidemic became furious in Akhaltsikhe, which was founded bythe chief Doctor of regiment Ivane Pirbil. Ivane Pribili was born in 1781, Bohemia(Czechoslovakia) and grew up in Prague. He finished University of Prague? faculty of medicineand specialized in city Vienna. Russian armies suffered from the lack of Medical staff. Consul ofRussia offered Pribil in Prague to serve in Military forces, he agreed. He had mission in Medico-Surgery Academy of Saint-Petersburg, where he passed the exams with honor and was appointedas the regiment’s chief Doctor in Saratov. In 1799 year the above mentioned regiment came toTbilisi with two guns, with the guidance of General Lazarev of Tbilisi met the Russian forceswarmly. Pribil continued working in the Military Forces. He took an active part in theRussian0Turkey War and after returning from city Khersoni in 1822 year he was appointed asthe chief Doctor of Tbilisi Military Hospital which he managed for 27 years. He planned theProject of Building the Military Hospital in Navtlugi.As he was very busy couldn’t pay an important attention to the discovered Mineral Watersin Mtkvari Valley in 1810. The analysis of it was carried out only in 1836 year by the pharmacistof Hospital of Tbilisi Kh. Villems. He also studied the Mineral waters of Tsikhisjvari,Akhaltsikhe, Abastumani and Akhala dirt in Gurjaani. With his direct recommendation in 1841General Golovin took his ill daughter Ekaterine to Borjomi, where she was cured. He called theMineral water after Ekatreines’s name, and the second mine of Mineral Water he called his name- Evgeni. Exactly this fact caused the drawing of attention to the Mineral Waters, it is related tothe period of establishment of Mines of Mineral Waters.In 1842 Doctors S. Amirov and O.O. Popeiko with the signature of Chief Doctor ofHospital in Tbilisi sent the letter to the main leader of Caucasus E. Golovin and asked to grantthe title of resort to the Borjomi Mineral Water Park, which was decided positively.So the official date of establishment of Borjomi resort is 1842 year. Pribil played animportant role for liquidation of Black Death and Cholera in Caucasus. From 1851 I.Pirbil wassending the patients of Tbilisi Hospital together with the Doctors to Borjomi in summer and hediscussed the results on the conferences of Hospital Doctors. I. Pirbil was one of the initiator ofestablishing the Medical Society (Georgian Little Medical Academy) and an active member till8

his death, which promoted the Scientific Practical Activity and carried out Sanitary HygienePrincipals in the Society.I. Pribil was a great Clinician, awarded with organize skill, Founder of Borjomi, as resortand its big admired. In 1847 he invited Russian Famous Surgeon Pirogov to Tbilisi MilitaryHospital, who made 15 complex operations and using the Ether narcosis for the first time.In 1852 in Gori “records about the Borjomi Mineral Water” was published in which resultsof researches (502 Patients) were analyzed. So the positive results were noticed in 85% ofPatients.The different authors gave the different definitions to the word Borjomi, which needs thespecification.According to the above mentioned we can conclude that1. Discovery of Borjomi’s Mineral Waters belongs to the General-Mayor TamazOrbelian’s Georgian Fighters ans soldiers of general Tormasov on 5 th of December in 1810.2. Borjomi’s Mineral waters first analysis was fulfilled in 1836 by the pharmacist ofTbilisi Military Hospital Kh. D. Villemes, on the instruction of Chief Doctor of the Hospital I.Pribil.3. Solders of Kherson Grenadiers, Dislocated in city Gori, took an important role inpopularization of curing features of Borjomi’s Mineral Waters.4. In Akhaltsikhe 1845-1872 near the village Andriatsminda there were 5 householdvillages “Borjomi”. For avoiding Mohammedanism they settled near the village Tashiskari. Theymaintained their ancient name Borjomi, which belonged to the Tashiskari Guard Tower, Mtkvarivalley, and to the Borjomi’s Mineral Waters.literatura:1. tomkeevi v.i. - borjomis aRwerilobis istoriuli masalebi daborjomis mineraluri wylebi. 1828-1872 ww. gamocema 1899 w., gv. 26-155.2. amirovi s.a. - Canawerebi borjomis minearlur wylebze, 1852 w.3. lazaridi- ciciSvili a.k. - borjomi, 1955 w., 32 gv.4. makalaTia s.i. - borjomis xeoba, 1958 w., 75 gv.5. abulaZe v. b. - borjomis xeobis warsuli da awmyo, 1983 w., 188 gv.6. Tvauri m.p. - kurorto borjomi da misi unikaluri gulebi, I-IItomi, 2002-2006 w.7. orbeliani vaxtangi - qarTuli laSqari. qarTuli ecikl., t. 7, gv.554.9

8. bagrationi konstantine - qarTuli laSqari, saq. encikl. t. 10, gv.481.9. tormasovi a.p. - generali, rusuli encikl. q. moskovi, 1973 w, tomi14, gv. 354.Литература:1. Томкеев В.И. - Материалы для исторического описания Боржоми и Боржомскихминеральных вод. 1828-1872 г., изд. 1899 г. на 271 С.2. Амиров С.А. Записки о Боржомских минеральных водах. 1852 г., С. 34-55.3. Лазариди- Цицишвили А.К. - Боржоми, 1955 г, 83 стр.4. Макалатия С.И. Борджомское ущелье. 1958 г. 75 стр.5. Абуладзе В.К. Прошлое и настоящее Боржомского ущелье. 1989. 188 с.6. Тваури М.П. - Курорт Боржоми и его уникальные минеральные воды. I-II том.2002-2006 г.г.7. Орбелиани Вахтанги - Груз. войска. Груз.этцикл. том 7. 557 стр.8. Багратиони Константине - Груз. войска. Том. 10, стр. 431.9. Тормасов А. П. - Историческая энциклопедия, 1973 г. том 14. стр. 345.10