istoria

a dakarges. isini uwindeliviT miwaze muSaobdnen, raTa ojaxigamoekvebaT. sanacvlod miwis mepatrones aRebuli mosavlisnawils aZlevdnen. aseT formas saadgilmamulo damokidebulebaewodeboda. ufro mZime forma iyo piradi damokidebuleba.aseT SemTxvevaSi glexi kargavda ara marto miwas, aramedTavisuflebasac. mis pirad cxovrebas batoni ganagebda.ase gaxdnen glexebi damokidebulni.wyaro 3. sigeli glexis ymad gadaqcevis Sesaxeb`yvelam icis, rom ukiduresi siRaribe da mZime sazrunavidamawva. araferi gamaCnia. Cemi TxovniT TqvenmomeciT fuli, magram axla verafriT ver gibrunebT.gTxovT, Cemi piradi Tavisuflebis dakabaleba daamtkicoT.amieridan Tqven gaqvT ufleba gamyidoT,gamcvaloT da damsajoT~.davaleba 2a) imsjele, ra Sedegi moutana beneficiumma mefes, miwaTmflobels daglexs?b) imsjele, wyaro 3-is mixedviT, Zveli msoflios qveynebis sazogadoebisromel socialur jgufs hgavs pirad damokidebulebaSi myofi Sua saukuneebisglexi?g) moiZie damatebiTi informacia. Seadare antikuri xanis da Sua saukuneebisglexis mdgomareoba. dawere patara Tema.g) Seavse cxrili: `iZulebiTi Sromis formebi sxvadasxva civilizaciis sazogadoebebSi~.civilizaciebiqveyanasazogadoebissocialuri fenaiZulebiTiSromis formaZveli aRmosavleTiantikuri xanaSua saukuneebid) gaixsene, rame Tu gsmenia iZulebiTi Sromis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove samyaroSi?e) moiZie informacia trefikingis Sesaxeb. dawere Tema „iZulebiTi Sromisgamomwvevi mizezebi warsulsa da Tanamedrove msoflioSi“.feodaluri ierarqiaSua saukuneebSi evropaSi warmoqmnilma vasalurmasistemam axali socialuri da politikuri moTxovnebiwamoayena, romelsac feodalizmi ewodeba. Camoyalibdafeodaluri ierarqia: sakuTari karis SeqmnismizniT, msxvili feodali Tavisi miwis nawils, feodissaxiT, saSualo fenas aZlevda. Tavis mxriv, mas am miwisnawili SeeZlo wvrili feodalisTvis gadaeca. feodali,romelic feods gascemda – seniorad iTvleboda,xolo misi mimRebi – vasalad. es niSnavda, rom vasalimiwiT seniorze iyo damokidebuli.erTdroulad feodali SeiZleba senioric yofiliyoda vasalic. vasali mxolod Tavis seniors emor-Cileboda da erTgulebis fics debda.wyaro 4. erTgulebis ficiSua saukuneebis samarTlidan`vficav RmerTsa da wmindasaxarebas, rom amieridanda momavalSi Seni erTguliviqnebi. me da Cemi STamomavlebiSendami erTguli msaxurebiviqnebiT im feodisgamo, romelic Tqvengan mi-Wiravs. Sevasruleb im valdebulebasda samsaxurs,romelic mekisreba~.127

lordimefeficis dadebas Tavisi wesi hqonda, romlis SesrulebisSemdeg seniori ambobda: `me Cemi da Cemi memkvidreebissaxeliT, mas Semdeg, rac Tqveni SeerTebuli xelebiCems xelSi CadeT da muxli moidrikeT, giRebT Cems mfarvelobaSi~.yoveli vasali Tavis seniorze ara mxolod miwiT,aramed piradad iyo damokidebuli. mas SeeZlo Tavisi seniorisseniors arc damorCileboda. es wesi ganmtkicdasityvebiT: `Cemi vasalis vasali Cemi vasali ar aris~.raindebiglexebiwyaro 5. feodaluri sazogadoebis ierarqiuli sqemadavaleba 3a) imsjele, raze iyo damyarebuli feodaluri urTierTobebi?b) gansazRvre, wyaro 4-is mixedviT, ratom emorCilebodavasali mxolod Tavis seniors? axseni gamoTqma – „Cemivasalis vasali Cemi vasali ar aris“.abwyaro 6. a) vasali ficis dadebis dros (XIII s. miniatura).b) inglisis dedofali elizabeT II (XX s. foto)davaleba 4a) gansazRvre wyaro5-is mixedviT,romelia seniori daromeli vasali.b) aRwere wyaro 6 a.ra aris masze gamosaxuli?ra wesebsicavda vasali ficisdadebis dros?g) rogor fiqrob, raritualia asaxuliwyaroze 6 b?miwis mflobeli vasalebi cnobili adamianebi gaxdnen. maTdidi politikuri avtoriteti moipoves da ZalauflebacxelT igdes. senior-vasalebis urTierToba imis mixedviT ganisazRvreboda,Tu vis meti an naklebi mamuli hqonda.saxelmwifoSi feodalebis saTaveSi mefe idga, romelichercogebisa da grafebisaTvis seniori iyo. maT Tavis mxrivhyavdaT vasalebi – baronebi, romlebic 20-30 sofels flobdnen.AamaT vasalebs raindebi Seadgendnen. feodaluri vasalitetises sistema glexs eyrdnoboda.feodaluri daqucmacebulobadasavleT evropis sazogadoebis safuZvels miwaze sakuTrebawarmoadgenda. Sua saukuneebis sazogadoeba or ZiriTadjgufad anu wodebad iyofoda. am periodis saxelmwifoscxovrebasa da politikas didwilad miwaTmflobelebi– beneficiumis mflobelebi gansazRvravdnen. isini TandaTanTavianT miwebze ganmtkicdnen. omebSi monawileobiTa da samsaxurisaTvismaT mefeebisgan axal-axali uflebebi miiRes:128 istoria VII

isagan Sedgeboda. droTa ganmavlobaSibeneficiumis mflobelebi TavianT miwebzesruluflebian xelisuflad iqcnen.aman maT saSualeba misca, rom beneficiumebiTavianTi SvilebisaTvis memkvidreobiTgadaecaT da feodebad eqciaT. amisSedegad dasavleT evropis bevri qveyanafeodalebis saSualo da wvril samflobeloebaddaiSala. daiwyo feodaluri daqucmacebulobisperiodi.politikuri daqucmacebulobamefis xelisufleba qveynis mTel mosaxleobaze ar vrceldeboda.is saxelmwifoSi yvela miwis umaRlesi mesakuTre ariyo. mefe mxolod sakuTar miwebs ganagebda. danarCeni miwebifeodalTa sakuTrebas Seadgenda. am miwaze mcxovrebi glexebimas emorCilebodnen.saxelmwifo moxeleebi cota iyo. mefes mudmivi jari arhyavda. igi feodalTa laSqrisagan Sedgeboda. yovelive amansaxelmwifos politikuri daqucmacebuloba gamoiwvia. qveyanaSimefis xelisufleba sakuTar miwebze feodalTa yovlis-SemZleobiT SeizRuda. isini erTmaneTs eomebodnen, mezobelqveynebs Tavs esxmodnen da mefes Tanxmobas ar Txovdnen. xSiradfeodalebs Soris dava iyo teritoriis da titulis gamo.es maT Soris sisxlismRvrel omebs iwvevda.davaleba 5a) axseni, ratom gansazRvravdnen beneficiumismflobelebi qveynis cxovrebasada politikas? ra uflebebi moipovesmiwaTmflobelebma?b) imsjele, ra iyo beneficiumidan feodalizmzegadasvlis gamomwvevi mizezebi?gadasaxadebis akrefa, damnaSaveebis dasja, adgilobrivi mosaxleobisgasamarTleba, jaris Sekreba.beneficiuri meurneoba daqucmacebuli iyo. misi mflobelebimaTze damokidebuli glexebis Sromis xarjze cxovrobdnen.qveyana erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli meurneobefeodalurisazogadoeba saqarTveloSiSua saukuneebis qarTuli patronymoba evropul vasalitetshgavda. didi miwebis mflobeli mefe iyo, romelic samefo gvardiaSisamxedro samsaxuris sanacvlod warCinebulTa nawilsmiwebs aZlevda. ase Camoyalibda aznaurTa fena, romelmacglexebi daiqvemdebara. aznaurTa Soris `didebulebi~ dawinaurdnen,romlebic memkvidreobiT did teritoriebs flobdnen.maTve ekavaT samefo karze umaRlesi Tanamdebobebic.didebulebisagan gansxvavebiT, wvrili da saSualo aznaurebiSedarebiT mokrZalebul qonebas flobdnen da mefis, didebulebisda eklesiis morCilebaSi iyvnen. maT Soris damyardapat ronymuli damokidebuleba. aznauri yma vasali iyo an mefis,an didebulis (romelic, Tavis mxriv, mefis vasali iyo), aneklesiis. yma aznauri valdebuli iyo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSipatrons sruli samxedro mzadyofniT xleboda.davaleba 6Seadare erTmaneTs Sua saukuneebis evropis da qarTulifeodaluri sazogadoeba. amoiwere, ra msgavsebaa maT Soris?cnobarifeodi – gvianla-Tinuri Feodum –adgil-mamuli.feodali – miwis mesakuTre.trefikingi – iZulebiTiSromis Tanamedroveforma.wodeba – sazogadoebaSiadamianTa jgufi,romelic ganmtkicebuliakanoniT dahqonda memkvidreobi-Ti ufleba-movaleobani.aznauri – sparsulad,warCinebuli.129