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naTela maRlakeliZeqarTuli enadaliteraturar a<strong>maswavleblis</strong><strong>wigni</strong>
n. maRlakeliZe, n. svaniZeqarTuli ena daliteratura<strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>gamomcemloba `meridiani~Tbilisi 2011
qarTuli ena da literaturaV klasi qarTuli ena da literatura<strong>maswavleblis</strong> IV klasi <strong>wigni</strong>moswavlis <strong>wigni</strong>avtori avtorebi: naTelanaTelamaRlakeliZe,maRlakeliZe (jgufis xelmZRvaneli)cisanacisanayuraSvili,yuraSvili,eleneelenemaRlakeliZemaRlakeliZeredaqtori redaqtori neli neli elizbaraSvilimxatvari nino zaqariaSvilidizaineri daviT kutubiZedizaineridaviT kutubiZeISBN(UDC) ISBN(UDC)gamomcemloba `meridiani~,Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 39-15-22E-mail:gamomcemlobadavideku1@mail.ru,`meridiani~,info@meridianpub.comTbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., 47. 39-15-22 2E-mail: davideku1@mail.ru, info@meridianpub.com899 54 17 07 kaxaber rusiZe© gamomcemloba 893 53 35 27 naTela `meridiani~, maRlakeliZe2011© n. maRlakeliZe© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2011© n. maRlakeliZeN. Maglakelidze`Georgian language and literature~, activity book 4, in GeorgianN. Maglakelidze, N. Svanidze`Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi - 2011“Georgian language and literature”, textbook grade 4, in Georgian“Meridiani” Publishing House, Tbilisi - 2011
meToduri miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvissaswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba Semdegi komponentebisgan:a) moswavlis <strong>wigni</strong>,b) moswavlis rveuli,g) <strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>.a) `moswavlis <strong>wigni</strong>~ Sedgenilia `erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa~ da sagnobrivi`standartebis~ mixedviT. sakiTxav masalad SerCeulia rogorc qarTveliklasikosebis Semoqmedebis nimuSebi (romelTa didi nawili ukve aprobirebuliaswavlebis procesSi), aseve _ Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerlebis: revaz inaniSvilis,otia ioselianis, guram rCeuliSvilis, giorgi SatberaSvilis, goderZiCoxelis, muxran maWavarianis... nawarmoebebi (romlebic adre ar yofila Setanilisaskolo qrestomaTiebSi).garkveuli adgili aqvs daTmobili agreTve msoflio saymawvilo literaturissaukeTeso nimuSebsac (mark tveni, f. zalteni...).sakiTxavi masala dalagebulia Tematur-budobrivi principis mixedviT.sul warmodgenilia 6 Tematuri bude:a) saqarTvelos mTebSi gagaCina zenam...b) Cemo kargo qveyanav!..g) damakvirdi...d) sibrZne sicruisae) adamiani da bunebav) gaicaniT, Tqveni Tanatolia...vecadeT, warmogvedgina Janrobrivad mravalferovani (moTxroba, leqsi,igav-araki, zRapari...) masala, aseve _ xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebi. sakiTxavmasalad SevarCieT e. w. `aRweriTi teqstebic~, romelTa mizania ara mxolod kiTxvisstrategiebis daufleba, aramed sagnobrivi codnis gafarToebac xelovnebisada istoriis calkeul sakiTxebze. es, Cveni azriT, xels Seuwyobs saswavlomasalis integracias, rac sakmaod aqtualuria dRes Cveni skolisaTvis.sakiTxavi teqstebis damuSaveba xdeba swavlebis interaqtiuri meTodebisgamoyenebiT. meTodikur aparatSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva tipis kiTxvebi,romlebic dalagebulia TanmimdevrobiT da aRniSnulia saTanado simboloebiT:gavigoT, gaviazroT, SevafasoT.wignSi erTgvar siaxles warmoaadgens literaturuli da enobrivi masalisintegracia, rasac iTvaliswinebs erovnuli saswavlo gegma. gramatikissistematuri kursis nacvlad, maswavlebels vTavazobT enobrivi masalis damuSavebasliteraturul teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSi. ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdebafunqcionaluri gramatikis sakiTxebze, romlis mizania moswavleTa sworimetyvelebis unar-CvevebiT SeiaraReba. enobriv masalaze muSaoba yoveli teqstisdamuSavebis aucilebeli atributia da igi saTanado simboloTia aRniSnuli.aq mocemulia is gansazRvrebebi, wesebi da savarjiSoebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobenara mxolod calkeuli enobrivi kategoriebis gacnobasa da gaazrebas, aramedmaT praqtikul gamoyenebas werasa Tu zepir metyvelebaSi.saswavlo masala wignSi warmodgenili iqneba 36 samuSao kvirisaTvis. Ti-Toeulis damuSavebas sWirdeba daaxloebiT 2-3 akademiuri saaTi (kviraSi saSualod2 teqsti), Tumca amiT sruliadac ar vzRudavT maswavlebls _ mas uflebaaqvs Secvalos es saaTebi Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.4
) `moswavlis rveuli~, romelic ukve aprobirebulia II-IV klasebSi, erTgvarisiaxlea V klasis qarTuli enisa da literaturis <strong>maswavleblis</strong>aTvis. masSimocemulia is ZiriTadi savarjiSoebi da aqtivobebi, romlebic unda Sesruldesama Tu im teqstis damuSavebisas. TiToeul teqstTan daaxloebiT 4-5 savarjiSoawarmodgenili. ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba teqstis agebaze, pratikuli sametyvelounar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaze, weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis kulturisdaxvewaze. mocemulia testuri davalebebis nimuSebic, romlebic ZiriTadadteqstis gaazrebazea orientirebuli.savarjiSoTa nawili zepirad sruldeba, nawili _ werilobiT. zogi maTganigankuTvnilia wyvilebSi, zogi ki _ jgufuri muSaobisaTvis, rac aRniSnulia sa-Tanado simboloebiT. `<strong>maswavleblis</strong> wignSi~ gzadagza vuTiTebT, romeli weriTidavaleba unda Sesruldes Sin da romeli _ klasSi; Tumca es miTiTeba dogma araris da maswavlebels SeuZlia misi Secvla sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr. imeds vitovebT,rom warmodgenili savarjiSoebis mravalferovnebis gamo pedagogs aRardasWirdeba damatebiT saklaso, saSinao, sakontrolo werebisaTvis davalebebismoZieba da calke rveulebis warmoeba. Tu mas gauCndeba amgvari survili, `moswavlisrveulSi~ am mizniTac vtovebT adgils.g) `<strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>~ gzamkvlevia pedagogisaTvis. misi mizania, gauadvilosmaswavlebels gakveTilis dagegmva swavlebis uaxlesi meTodebisa da xerxebisgamoyenebiT; uzrunvelyos im Sedegebis miRweva, romlebic erovnulisaswavlo gegmiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli. gvsurs, xazi gavusvaT im faqts, rom`<strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>~ aris mxolod da mxolod saorientacio da ara savaldebulo.pedagogs SeuZlia misi Secvla sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr, gamravalferovneba,cvlilebebis Setana gakveTilis Catarebis procesSi. aq warmodgeniligakveTilebis scenarebi ori tipisaa: vrceli (sanimuSo) da mokle. `sanimuSoscenarebSi~ mocemulia gakveTilis msvlelobis detaluri aRwera misi etapebis,miznebis, aqtivobis, moswavleTa pasuxebisa da saorientacio drois zustimiTiTebiT. TiToeuli scenaris Semdeg vrclad aris CamoTvlili gakveTilisbolos mosalodneli Sedegebi. `mokle scenarebSi~ ki mocemulia ZiriTadi sagakveTiloaqtivobebi mxolod miznebisa da Sedegebis kodis CvenebiT (am kodiTaRniSnuli Sedegi maswavlebels Tavad SeuZlia ixilos V klasis sagnobriv standartSi).`<strong>maswavleblis</strong> wignSi~ warmodgenilia saTanado damatebiTi informaciaim sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic masalis damuSavebisas iCens Tavs. aqve SevitaneTmweralTa biografiebic, romelTa didi nawili maswav leblisaTvis kargad arisnacnobi, magram axali masalis axsnis procesSi mainc uwevs xolme misi gadaxedva.xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom `cnobaric~ da biografiebic mxolod da mxolod<strong>maswavleblis</strong>aTvis aris gankuTvnili da misi am saxiT miwodeba moswavleebisaTvisdauSvebelia.avtorebi5
l. asaTianis ,, qarTuli ena~; enis raoba, enis funqciebi; sityvissemantika (2 sT)miznebi_ teqstis ageba saTauris mixedviT_ poeturi teqstis aRqma_ gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi varjiSi_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba_ enis funqciebis gacnoba_ orTografiuli da orToepiuli Cvevebis formireba_ sityvis semantikaze dakvirveba, sityvaTa warmoqmna (terminis gareSe)I gakveTiliaqtivoba 1 _ zafxulis STabeWdilebebi (15 wT):es saswavlo wlis pirveli gakveTilia, amitom igi ramdenadme aratradiciuladwarimarTeba. maswavlebeli ecnoba klass, axdens mis mobilizebas gakveTilisaTvis,esaubreba zafxulSi miRebul STabeWdilebebze. am mizniT sTavazobs ramdenimesaTaurs zepiri gamosvlisaTvis:a) zafxulis erTi dRe,b) ra damamaxsovrda,g) ra vnaxe,d) saintereso adamianebi, romlebic am zafxuls gavicani (SeiZleba msgav sisaTauri zepiri gamosvlisaTvis Tavad moswavleebmac SearCion)...maswavlebeli klass mosafiqreblad aZlevs ramdenime wuTs. avalebs _ aar-Cion erT-erTi saTauri, isaubron mxolod mis garSemo; Camoweron is sakiTxebi,romlis Sesaxebac apireben saubars; gaakeTon Savi Canaweri, Semdeg waukiTxonerTmaneTs. aqve, maswavlebeli acnobs wesebs zepiri gamosvlisaTvis _ daicvanreglamenti (dro), rigiToba, etiketi, mousminon erTmaneTis pasuxebs daCai niSnon saintereso sakiTxebi, dausvan erTmaneTs kiTxvebi mxolod gamosvlisdamTavrebis Semdeg, iyvnen TavSekavebulni da koreqtulebi (am miTiTebasSeiZleba mivceT `samaxsovros~ saxe da baraTebze Camowerili davurigoT moswavleebs).umjobesia, es samuSao Sesruldes individualurad, ramdenadac igidaexmareba maswavlebels, Sevides TiToeul moswavlesTan kontaqtSi da daexmarosmas. pasuxebis prezentaciisas Tavs ikavebs kritikuli Sefasebebisagan. moqmedebsprincipi _ `yvelas azri sainteresoa~.6
aqtivoba 2 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba (3 wuTi):maswavlebeli klass yofs jgufebad da aZlevs davalebas_gaixsenon, raician qarTuli enis Sesaxeb; ra waukiTxavT am sakiTxze, romeli cnobili poetebisada mwerlebis nawarmoebebs gaixseneben. TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens Tavisvariants. pasuxebis prezentacia da analizi xdeba klasSi.aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis kiTxva da analizi (10-12 wuTi):maswavlebeli klass gamometyvelebiT ukiTxavs lado asaTianis leqss„qarTuli ena~, akiTxebs 1-2 moswavles, Semdeg aZlevs davalebas: waikiTxon leqsiCumad, moZebnon da axsnan gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, gamoiyenon am mizniT,,sityvis salaro~; moniSnon is ucnobi sityvebic, romlebic wignSi ar arisaxsnili. am sityvebs Semdeg xsnis klasis saerTo ZalisxmeviT:zena – zeciuri Zala, RmerTiuZvelesi tomi _ igulisxmeba saqarTveloSlegi _ giJi, gadareuli; Slegi CanCqerebi – swrafi CanCqerebi; CanCqeri_ kldeze gadmomdinare wylis nakadimyinvari – moZravi yinulis mkvrivi masa mTebSidajanReba –nislad qceva; janRi _ nisli, burusifari _ sabrZolo iaraRisarkineTi (sarkine) _ adgilia mcxeTaSi (informacia <strong>maswavleblis</strong>aTvis:sarkine – didi mcxeTis ubani, mcxeTis dasavleTiT mdebare, e. w. jojoxeTis ubnidan SiomRvimismisadgomebamde _ savaneTis qedsa da grZel mindorze. Zv. qarTuli istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT,sarkineTi damoukidebel qalaqad aris miCneuli, Tumca es mosazreba zogierTi mecnierisgarkveul eWvs iwvevs. arqeologiurma gaTxrebma gamoavlines, rom elinistur xanaSi aq sakmaodganviTarebuli yofila liTonis damuSavebis kultura, oqromWedloba. aRmoCenilia meliToneTasaxelosnoebi. swored amitomac axsenebs poeti momdevno strofSi grdemlsa da uros).grdemli _ rkinis sayrdeni liTonis gamosaWedaduro _didi CaquCisTvlemen – sZinavT;sasTumali _ baliSi an sxva rame TavqveS dasadebixmaTa xaverdebi – aq: sasiamovno, tkbili xmebi (informacia <strong>maswavleblis</strong>Tvis:`xmaTa xaverdebi~ rTuli metaforis tipuri nimuSia (metafora _ berZnulad niSnavs gadatanas).informacia <strong>maswavleblis</strong>aTvis:lado asaTiani daibada 1917 wlis 14 ianvars quTaisSi. misi mSoblebi pedagogebi iyvnen, cagerisraionis mkvidrni.lado asaTianma 1934 wels daasrula sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumi da swavla quTaisis pedagogiurinstitutSi sabunebismetyvelo fakultetze gaagrZela. sul mokle xanSi ki qarTulienisa da literaturis fakultetze gadavida. studentobis periodSi Cabmuli iyo samecnierowreebisa da literaturuli organizaciebis muSaobaSi, iyo quTaisSi gamomavali gazeTis „stalinelis~TanamSromeli, swored am gazeTSi daibeWda pirvelad misi leqsebi. 1936 wels ladoasaTiani ramdenime TviT mSobliur sofel bardnalaSi dabrunda. am periodSi Targmna puSkinis,mamin-sibiriakis nawarmoebebi.quTaisSi dabrunebis Semdeg lado kidev ufro aqtiurad Caeba qalaqis literaturulcxovrebaSi. gansakuTrebiT iyo gatacebuli folkloristuli ZiebebiT.1937-1938 wlebis represiebi lado asaTianis ojaxsac Seexo: dedamisi _ lida cqitiSvili,rusuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli, daapatimres „xalxis mtris~ braldebiT.7
epresirebuli ojaxis Svils male gamouCndnen moSurneebi, mowinaaRmdegeebi, romelTacbrZola gamoucxades axalgazrda poets.1937 wlis 16 ivliss gazeT „stalinelSi~ gamoqveynda publikacia, romelSic ramdenime sxvadasxvamweralTan erTad, mkacrad iyo gakritikebuli lado asaTiani. „kritikosebi~ poets „politikuriSecdomebis~ gamosworebisaken mouwodebdnen, urCevdnen, Tavi daenebebina „mavne laybobisaTvis~.aseTi gamoxdomebi mZime STabeWdilebas axdenda axalgazrda poetze; mis garSemoatexili aJiotaJiT gamowveuli gulistkivili kargad Cans poetis CanawerebSi, pirad werilebSi,TanamedroveTa mogonebebSi.dedis dapatimrebis Semdeg lado asaTiani institutidan garicxes. oficialuri mizeziaseTi iyo: „kontrrevoluciuri layboba~. aseTi braldeba 1937-1938 wlebSi, represiebis dros,gawirvis tolfasi iyo da, bunebrivia, am faqtmac Zlier imoqmeda poetze.amgvari braldebiT „daRdasmuli~ lado amaod dadioda dawesebulebidan dawesebulebaSisamuSos saZieblad, magram materialur siduxWireSi Cavardnil „mtris Svils~ xels aravin umar-Tavda.1938 wlidan mdgomareoba ramdenadme Seicvala, represiebis talRam TiTqos gadaiara. 1938wlis 29 marts ki saqalaqo komitetis dadgenilebiT lado asaTiani institutSi aRadgines.1938 wlis zafxulidan lado asaTiani TbilisSi gadmovida sacxovreblad, TanamSomlobdaJurnal „Cveni Taobis~ redaqciasTan. misi nawarmoebebi qveyndeboda „axalgazrda komunistSi~,„mnaTobSi~, „literaturul gazeTSi~, „pionerSi~ da sxv.1938-1939 wlebSi poeti muSaobda gazeT „norCi leninelSi~, aqveynebda leqsebs, narkvevebs,literaturul werilebs. statiebi miuZRvna nikoloz baraTaSvilis, vano sarajiSvilis, SiomRvimelis, uolter skotis, JorJ sandis da sxvaTa Semoqmedebas.1939 wels lado asaTiani armiaSi gaiwvies, magram avadmyofobis gamo TbilisSi daabrunes.igi tuberkuloziT iyo daavadebuli, araerTi Tve gaatara abasTumanSi, magram ver ganikurna.lado asaTiani gardaicvala 1943 wels sruliad axalgazrda, 26 wlisa. igi didubis panTeonSiadakrZaluli.aqtivoba 4 _ wakiTxulis gaazreba (5 wuTi):gaanalizdeba, ras uZRvnis poeti am leqss (qarTul enas), leqsis mixedviT,vin da sad gaaCina qarTuli ena (`saqarTvelos mTebSi gagaCina zenam~), ras uwodebsmwerali qarTul enas? (`xmaTa xaverdebis da RmerTebis enas~), vin igulisxmapoetma `uZveles tomSi?~ (qarTvelebi), ratom? (qarTvel xalxs didixnis istoria aqvs)...aqtivoba 5 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi):lado asaTianis `qarTuli ena~, moswavleebma unda iswavlon zepirad leqsidanis adgili, romelic yvelaze metad moewonaT; `moswavlis rveulidan~ SeasrulonwerilobiT davaleba `erTad avagoT teqsti~.8
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