0=AFRICAN geosector - Linguasphere.info

page 176 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition25-AAE-b Pagu+ Isam Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 325-AAE-ba isam Indonesia (Maluku)25-AAE-bb pagu pago, pagoe Indonesia (Maluku) 325-AAE-bc toliwiku toliliko Indonesia (Maluku)25-AAE-c Kao Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 225-AAE-ca kao kau, ka'u Kao lower valley: Kao town Indonesia (Maluku) 225-AB MAKIAN-'WEST'chain25-ABA MAKIAN-'WEST' net25-ABA-a Makian-W. Makian-W.… Halmahera-W.… Kayoa islands Indonesia (Maluku) 425-ABA-aa makian-W. makian-barat, makian-luar ‣distinct from [33=] Makian-E. Indonesia (Maluku) 425-AC TERNATE+ TIDOREchain25-ACA TERNATE+ TIDOREnet25-ACA-a Ternate Ternate… Kayan… Bacan… Obi… Halmahera-NW. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 425-ACA-aa ternate-A. ternate "proper" Ternate island Indonesia (Maluku) 425-ACA-ab ternate-V. "vehicular" ternate Indonesia (Maluku) 425-ACA-b Tidore Tidore… Maitara… Mare… Moti-N.… Halmahera-NW. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 425-ACA-ba mareku tidore-W. Tidore-W. island Indonesia (Maluku) 425-ACA-bb soasiu tidore-E. Tidore-E. island: Soasiu Indonesia (Maluku) 425-ACA-bc tidore-V. "vehicular" tidore Indonesia (Maluku) 425-B MOI+ KALABRA set VOGELKOP-WEST, "bird's head"-W. Latin script25-BA SEGET chain25-BAA SEGET net25-BAA-a Seget Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BAA-aa seget Seget Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BB MOI+ WAIPU chain25-BBA MOI+ WAIPU net25-BBA-a Moi+ Waipu Vogelkop-W. peninsula… Salawati-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BBA-aa waipu Salawati-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-BBA-ab mosana Salawati-E. island: Waliam+ Yefbo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-BBA-ac moi-W. Vogelkop-W. peninsula… Sorong ‣distinct from [21=] Mekwei (Moi)& [25=] Moire (Moi-NE.)25-BC25-BCAMORAID chainMORAID netIndonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BCA-a Moraid Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BCA-aa moraid Kalabra upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BD KALABRA+ TEHITchain25-BDA KALABRA net25-BDA-a Kalabra Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BDA-aa kalabra beraur Kalabra lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BDBTEHIT net25-BDB-a Tehit Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BDB-aa tehit tehid, kaibus Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-BDCKUWANI net25-BDC-a Kuwani Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-BDC-aa kuwani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-C ABUN set VOGELKOP-NORTH, "bird's head"-N. Latin script25-CA ABUN chain25-CAA ABUN net25-CAA-a Abun manif, yimbun Vogelkop-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-CAA-aa abun-tat karon-pantai Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-CAA-ab abun-ji madik Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-CAA-ac abun-je Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-D YACH+ BRAT set VOGELKOP-CENTRAL, karon-dori+ amaru, "bird's head"-C. Latinscript25-DA YACH+ BRAT chain25-DAA YACH+ BRAT net #mai =«language»25-DAA-a Yach Vogelkop-C. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-DAA-aa mai-yach karon-dori, meon Tamrau-N. mountains: Pef… Asses… Sunopi…SiakwaIndonesia (Irian Jaya) 3

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 17725-DAA-b Brat+ Maka including marey; fayok; maru; asmaun; tuf Tamrau-S. mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 425-DAA-ba mai-brat brat "proper", ayamaru, ajamaru, amaru community Amaru lakes Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-DAA-bb mai-sawiet sawiet Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-DAA-bc mai-yah yah, yak Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-DAA-bd mai-maka maka Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-DAA-be mai-te te Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-DAA-bf mai-sefa sefa Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-E MPUR set amberbaken Latin script25-EA MPUR chain25-EAA MPUR net25-EAA-a Mpur Vogelkop-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-EAA-aa mpur kebar, amberbaken, ekware, dekwambre Tamrau-E. mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-F BORAI+ HATAM set Latin script25-FA BORAI+ HATAMchain25-FAA BORAI+ HATAM net25-FAA-a Hatam+Tinam including mansim Vogelkop-NE. peninsula: Arfak mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 425-FAA-aa hatam hattam, atam Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-FAA-ab moire moi-NE. ‣distinct from [21=] Mekwei (Moi) & [25=] Moi-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-FAA-ac tinam Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-FAA-ad mirei Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-FAA-ae adihup Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-FAA-af uran Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-FAA-b Borai Vogelkop-NE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-FAA-ba borai Manokwari>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-G MEAH+ MANTION set VOGELKOP-EAST, "bird's head"-E. Latin script25-GA MEAH+ MANTIONchain25-GAA MEAH+ MOSKONAnet25-GAA-a Meah Vogelkop-NE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 425-GAA-aa meah meax, meyach, meyah, mejah, mejach, arfak, mansibaberManokwari-W.Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 425-GAA-b Moskona Vogelkop-SE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*25-GAA-ba moskona sabena, meninggo, meningo Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-GAB MANTION+ SOUGHnet25-GAB-a Mantion+ Sough Vogelkop-E. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-GAB-aa manikion Anggi lakes… Momi coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-GAB-ab mantion mantion "proper" Mutuo middle valley… coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-GAB-ac sough sogh Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-H AWERA+ SAPONI* part of "geelvink bay papuan"set25-HA AWERA+ SAPONIchain25-HAA AWERA+ SAPONI net25-HAA-a Awera bilingual < [33=] Ansus Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-HAA-aa awera Wapoga river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-HAA-b Rasawa Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-HAA-ba rasawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-HAA-c Saponi Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 125-HAA-ca saponi Botawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 125-I YAWA+ TARAU set part of "geelvink bay papuan" Latin script25-IA YAWA+ TARAU chain25-IAA YAWA+ TARAU net25-IAA-a Yawa+ Tarau yapanani, mora, turu, mantembu, yava, iau Yapen-C. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-IAA-aa yawa-kiriow Yapen-N. coast: Kiriow Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-IAA-ab yawa-yobi Yapen-N. coast: Yobi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-IAA-ac yawa-maninon mora Yapen-C. island: Maninon Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 325-IAA-ad ariepi Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-IAA-ae tatui Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-IAA-af sarawandori Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-IAA-ag mariadei Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-IAA-ah mantembu Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-IAA-ai tarau Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 17925-M BURMESO set25-MA BURMESO chain25-MAA BURMESO net25-MAA-a Burmeso Mamberamo middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-MAA-aa burmeso taurap, boromeso, borumeso, monau, monao, manau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-N MASSEP set25-NA MASSEP chain25-NAA MASSEP net25-NAA-a Massep Apawar-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 125-NAA-aa massep masep Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 125-O VANIMO+ WARAPU SKO Latin scriptset25-OA VANIMO+ SANGKEchain25-OAA SANGKE net25-OAA-a Sangke Kofro Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-OAA-aa sangke Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-OABTUMAWO net25-OAB-a Tumawo Tami river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-OAB-aa tumawo sko, seko, sekol, sekou, seka Sko-Yambe… Sko-Mabo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 225-OACWUTUNG net25-OAC-a Wutung Wutung-E. coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OAC-aa wutung udung Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OADVANIMO net25-OAD-a Vanimo Vanimo coast Papua New Guinea; Indonesia(Irian Jaya)25-OAD-aa vanimo manimo Yako+ Vanimo coast… Leitre-W. coastal enclave Papua New Guinea; Indonesia(Irian Jaya)25-OB WARAPU+ KRISAchain25-OBA KRISA net25-OBA-a Krisa Oenake-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OBA-aa krisa Krisa coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OBB RAWO net25-OBB-a Rawo Rawo coast… Leitre coastal enclave Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OBB-aa rawo Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OBCPUARI net25-OBC-a Puari Puari coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OBC-aa puari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-OBDWARAPU net25-OBD-a Warapu Sumo… Ramo coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 325-OBD-aa warapu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 325-P KWOMTARI+ FAS set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping Latin script25-PA KWOMTARI+ FASchain25-PAA FAS net25-PAA-a Fas Bewani mountains… Onei coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 325-PAA-aa fas bembi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 325-PAB KWOMTARI+ EKOSnet25-PAB-a Kwomtari Gedik… Yenabu lower valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 325-PAB-aa kwomtari-CW. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)25-PAB-ab ekos+ maragin including ekos… yenabi… maragin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)25-PACGURIASO net25-PAC-a Guriaso Wuro valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2*25-PAC-aa guriaso Guriaso Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)25-Q BAIBAI+ NAI set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping Latin script25-QA BAIBAI+ NAI chain25-QAA BAIBAI net25-QAA-a Baibai Sukara valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-QAA-aa baibai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-QABNAI net25-QAB-a Nai Amanab district Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-QAB-aa nai biaka, amini Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 233

page 180 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition25-R PYU set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping25-RA PYU chain25-RAA PYU net25-RAA-a Pyu October upper… Sepik headwaters: Biake No.2 village Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacentPapua New Guinea (Sandaun)25-RAA-aa pyu Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacentPapua New Guinea (Sandaun)adjacent25-S YURI+ USARI set Latin script25-SA YURI+ USARI chain25-SAA YURI+ USARI net25-SAA-a Yuri+ Usari karkar Green River valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); &adjacent Indonesia (Irian Jaya)25-SAA-aa yuri ‣distinct from [24=] Yuri Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)25-SAA-ab auia+ tarauwi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)25-SAA-ac usari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)25-T YADE set25-TA YADE chain25-TAA YADE net25-TAA-a Yade Horden valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-TAA-aa yade nagatman, nagatiman, yare Tila Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-U BUSA set25-UA BUSA chain25-UAA BUSA net25-UAA-a Busa Horden valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-UAA-aa busa Tila-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-V AMTO+ MUSAN set25-VA AMTO chain25-VAA AMTO net25-VAA-a Amto West Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-VAA-aa amto ki Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 225-VB25-VBAMUSAN chainMUSAN net25-VBA-a Musan West Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 125-VBA-aa musan musian, musa Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 125-W AMA+ NIMO set LEFT-MAY, arai Latin script25-WA AMA+ NIMO chain25-WAA AMA+ YONUWAI net25-WAA-a Ama+ Yonuwai sawiyanu, including apaka, abi, aboa, boropa, nasiap, waniabuAmbunti district: Sepik river>S. (Waniap creek) semi-nomadic ;idioms have convergedPapua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WAA-aa ama including wopolu 1… wopolu 2, nokonufa… Ama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)25-WAA-ab kauvia kawiya Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)25-WAA-ac yonuwai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)25-WABLARO+ BO net25-WAB-a Laro West Range-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik);(adjacent Sandaun)25-WAB-aa laro "rocky-peak", iyo, yinibu Iwau… Agrame Papua New Guinea (East Sepik);(adjacent Sandaun)25-WAB-b Iteri Left-May headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 125-WAB-ba iteri asowi, sorimin, yinibu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 125-WAB-c Bo Right-May headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WAB-ca bo po Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WAC NIMO+ NAKWI net25-WAC-a Nimo Left-May lower right-bank… Upper-May middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WAC-aa nimo Nimo… Wasuai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WAC-b Nakwi Left-May lower valley (villages often relocated) Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WAC-ba nakwi Nakwi-Amasu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WADOWINIGA net25-WAD-a Owiniga Upper-May lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 225-WAD-aa owiniga samo, bero, taina Yei… Samo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 22232*

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 18125-X POROME+ KIBIRI set Latin script25-XA POROME+ KIBIRIchain25-XAA POROME+ KIBIRI net25-XAA-a Porome+ Kibiri polome Kikori tributaries Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 325-XAA-aa porome porome "proper" Papua New Guinea (Gulf)25-XAA-ab kibiri "aird-hills" Aird Hills mountains Papua New Guinea (Gulf)25-Y BIBASA* set25-YA BIBASA chain25-YAA BIBASA net25-YAA-a Bibasa Papua New Guinea (Western) 2*25-YAA-aa bibasa Papua New Guinea (Western)

page 182 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition26= SEPIK-VALLEYgeozonecovers the "Sepik Valley" reference area, coterminous withthe "Sepik+ Ramu" hypothesis (less the "Sepik+ RamuMarginal" sets, see 27-A to 27-F), within the wider referencearea of the "Papuan" hypotheses; comprising 22 sets oflanguages (= 96 outer languages) spoken by communities inAustralasia, centered on the Sepik and Lower Ramu valleys inNew Guinea:26-A BIKSI 26-B ABAU+ IWAM26-C NAMIA+ AWUN 26-D BOUYE+ KAMNUM26-E KALOU+ MAYO 26-F KWANGA+ KWOMA26-G YERAKAI 26-H AMBULAS+ IATMUL26-I SANIO+ HEWA 26-J BISIS+ KAPRIMAN26-K ALAMBLAK+ KANINGRA 26-L MARAMBA26-M MEKMEK+ BIWAT 26-N MONGOL+ LANGAM26-O ALFENDIO+ MEAKAMBUT 26-P BOTIN+ ABU26-Q BANARO 26-R BOREI+ BOSNGUN26-S KIRE+ MIKAREW 26-T IGOM+ MIDSIVINDI26-U RAO 26-V ANOR+ AIOMEPapua New Guinea; alsoIndonesia (Irian Jaya frontier)526-A BIKSI set part of sepik grouping26-AA BIKSI chain26-AAA BIKSI net26-AAA-a Biksi Sepik upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Sandaun adjacent)26-AAA-aa biksi Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Sandaun adjacent)26-B ABAU+ IWAM set UPPER-SEPIK, part of sepik grouping Latin script26-BA ABAU chain26-BAA ABAU net26-BAA-a Abau Sepik upper valley… Green+ August tributaries Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);adjacent Indonesia (Irian Jaya)26-BAA-aa abau "green-river" Green River… Bibyun Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);adjacent Indonesia (Irian Jaya)26-BB IWAM+ AMAL chain26-BBA IWAM net26-BBA-a Iwam-W. May valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-BBA-aa iwam-W. "may-river", "up-river" iwam Arai lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-BBA-b Iwam-E. Sepik upper valley: Oum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-BBA-ba iwam-E. "sepik-river" iwam, "down-river" iwam, yawenian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-BBBAMAL net26-BBB-a Amal Wagana valley: Wanibe confluence upstream Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-BBB-aa amal-A. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-BBB-ab alai* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)26-BC CHENAP+WOGAMUSIN chain26-BCA CHENAP net26-BCA-a Chenap Sepik valley: Leonhard Schultze confluence Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-BCA-aa chenap tsenap, zenap, chenapian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-BCB WOGAMUSIN net26-BCB-a Wogamusin Sepik valley: Leonhard Schultze confluence downstream Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-BCB-aa wogamusin wongamusin Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-C NAMIA+ AWUN set YELLOW-RIVER, part of sepik grouping Latin script26-CA NAMIA chain26-CAA NAMIA net26-CAA-a Namia namie, nemia, "yellow-river proper", watalu, lu-jere Yellow… SandvalleysPapua New Guinea (Sandaun;East Sepik adjacent)26-CAA-aa ailuaki Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)26-CAA-ab amani Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)26-CAA-ac wiari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)26-CAA-ad lawo Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)22333

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 18326-CB26-CBAAK chainAK net26-CBA-a Ak Sand upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 126-CBA-aa ak Yawari-N. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 126-CC AWUN chain26-CCA AWUN net26-CCA-a Awun Wagana middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-CCA-aa awun awon Abrau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-D BOUYE+ KAMNUM RAM, part of sepik grouping Latin scriptset26-DA BOUYE chain26-DAA BOUYE net26-DAA-a Bouye Werni lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-DAA-aa bouye Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-DB26-DBAKAMNUM chainKAMNUM net26-DBA-a Kamnum Yellow River headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-DBA-aa kamnum autu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-DC26-DCAKARAWA chainKARAWA net26-DCA-a Karawa Yula lower valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 126-DCA-aa karawa Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 126-E KALOU+ MAYO set TAMA, part of sepik grouping Latin script26-EA KALOU chain26-EAA KALOU net26-EAA-a Kalou Wagasu middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-EAA-aa kalou Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-EB PAHI+ MEHEK chain26-EBA PAHI net26-EBA-a Pahi Wagasu upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-EBA-aa pahi lugitama, wansum, riahoma Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-EBBMEHEK net26-EBB-a Mehek Torricelli foothills: Om-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 326-EBB-aa mehek nuku, me'ek, driafleisuma, indinogosima Nuku… Klaplei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)26-EC MAYO+ PASI chain26-ECA PASI net26-ECA-a Pasi Wagasu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-ECA-aa pasi besi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-ECBMAYO+ YAW net26-ECB-a Mayo+ Yaw Sepik middle valley: Mehek>E. (10 villages) Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)26-ECB-aa yaw yawu, yau, warasai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun adjacent)26-ECB-ab yessan-mayo mayo-yesan, maio-yesan, mayo, yasyin, yasi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-F KWANGA+ KWOMA part of sepik grouping Latin scriptset26-FA KWOMA+ NUKUMAchain26-FAA KWOMA+ NUKUMAnet26-FAA-a Nukuma Sepik middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-FAA-aa nukuma Nageri-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-FAA-b Kwoma Sepik middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-FAA-ba kwoma kuome, washkuk Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-FB KWANGA+ SEIMchain26-FBA SEIM net26-FBA-a Seim Om middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 326-FBA-aa seim Seim Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 326-FBBWAMSAK* net26-FBB-a Wamsak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-FBB-aa wamsak womsak, nihamber, mende, sambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 33

page 184 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition26-FBCKWANGA net26-FBC-a Kwanga gawanga, womsak Om middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 426-FBC-aa bongos Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-FBC-ab tau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-FBC-ac apos Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-FBC-ad bongomaisi bongamaise Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-FBC-ae yubanakor Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-G YERAKAI set part of sepik grouping26-GA YERAKAI chain26-GAA YERAKAI net26-GAA-a Yerakai Chambri-W. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-GAA-aa yerakai yerekai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-H AMBULAS+ IATMUL NDU, part of sepik grouping Latin scriptset26-HA NGALA chain26-HAA NGALA net26-HAA-a Ngala Sepik+ Wagasu-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HAA-aa ngala kara, sogap, swagup Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HB26-HBAMANAMBU+YELOGU chainMANAMBU+YELOGU net26-HBA-a Manambu Sepik middle valley: Ambunti Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HBA-aa manambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HBA-b Yelogu Yimi lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HBA-ba yelogu kaunga, buia-manambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HC AMBULAS+KWASENGEN chain26-HCA KWASENGEN net26-HCA-a Kwasengen Yimi… Screw valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HCA-aa kwasengen kwasenga, kwarsengen, kwasengan, wosera-W., hanga-hundi, nanahundiNungwaia… Pukago26-HCBAMBULAS netPapua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HCB-a Ambulas abulas, abelam Numelio… Parchi valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 426-HCB-aa wosera-E. Hayfield… Jama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 426-HCB-ab maprik Maprik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HCB-ac wingei Wingei Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HD BOIKIN+ KUBALIAchain26-HDA BOIKIN+ KUBALIA including kwusaun… haripmornet26-HDA-a Kubalia Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-aa rabundogum Rabundogum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-ab yumungu Yumungu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HDA-b Kunai Kiniambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HDA-ba kunai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HDA-c Yangoru yengoru, boikin-W. Yangoru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 426-HDA-ca kwolyik Kwolyik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-cb mambuk Mambuk Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-cc kworabri Kworabri Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-cd ambukanja Ambukanja Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-ce soli Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HDA-d Munji boikin-C. Munji Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-da niagombi Niagombi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-db nyakandogun Nyakandogun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-e Nagum nucum, boikin-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 426-HDA-ea mundjiharanji Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-eb tuanumbu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-ec passam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-f Boikin "coastal" boiken, boikin "proper", boiken Boiken Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-fa karawop Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-fb salimbua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-g Mushu-W. Mushu-W. island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HDA-ga mushu-W. "island" boikin Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 18526-HE26-HEASAWOS+ GAIKUNDIchainSAWOS+ GAIKUNDInet26-HEA-a Sawos+ Chimbian tshwosh, tshuosh, kwaruwikwundi, "sepik-plains", kwongai Sepikmiddle valley: Pagwi+ Timbunke-N.Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-HEA-aa sawos-C. Kumbwingei… Torembi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-HEA-ab sawos-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-HEA-ac chimbian Chimbian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-HEA-b Koiwat Koiwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HEA-ba koiwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HEA-c Burui Sepik middle valley: Pagwi-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HEA-ca burui Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HEA-d Gaikundi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HEA-da gaikundi gaikunti Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HF26-HFAIATMUL+ SENGOchainIATMUL+ SENGO net26-HFA-a Iatmul "big" sepik, ngepma-kwundi, gepma-kwudi, gepma-kwundi Sepikmiddle valley: Tambunum + JapandaiPapua New Guinea (East Sepik) 426-HFA-aa palimbei iatmul-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-HFA-ab nyaura iatmul-C. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-HFA-ac nyaura-W. iatmul-W. Ambunti upper enclave Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-HFA-b Sengo* Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-HFA-ba sengo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-I SANIO+ HEWA set part of sepik grouping Latin script26-IA SANIO+ NIKSEKchain26-IAA SANIO+ HIOWE net26-IAA-a Sanio+ Hiowe saniyo-hiyowe Wogamush valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-IAA-aa sanio saniyo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-IAA-ab hiowe hiyowe Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-IAA-ac makabuky Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-IAA-ad nakiai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-IABPAKA+ GABIANO net niksek, meiyari, sumwari26-IAB-a Paka+ Setiali Double Mountain-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)26-IAB-aa paka April valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-IAB-ab setiali Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun) adjacent26-IAB-b Gabiano Scharfe Mountain-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)26-IAB-ba gabiano kabiano Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun adjacent)26-IB26-IBAHEWA+ YOLIAPIchainHEWA+ YOLIAPI netLAGAIP26-IBA-a Hewa+ Yoliapi lagaip, including "upper" lagaip… lagaip-C.… "lower" lagaip #theabove compounds of lagaip need to be equated with the names ofinner languages listed below Lagaip valley… Ok-Om left-bankPapua New Guinea (Enga;Southern Highlands; Sandaun;East Sepik)26-IBA-aa hewa hewa "proper", hewa-N. Papua New Guinea (Enga;Southern Highlands; Sandaun;East Sepik adjacent)26-IBA-ab yoliapi yoliape, sisimin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 226-IBA-ac umairof Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)26-IBA-ad morubanmin Papua New Guinea26-IBA-ae kiane Papua New Guinea (Enga)26-IBA-af mongolipa Papua New Guinea (Enga)26-IBA-ag pauia Papua New Guinea (Enga)26-IC26-ICAPIAME chainPIAME net26-ICA-a Piame Scharfe Mountain-E. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-ICA-aa piame biami April River headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-ID26-IDABIKARU chainBIKARU net26-IDA-a Bikaru Burgers Mountain-N. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-IDA-aa bikaru pikaru, bugalu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 22233

page 186 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition26-J BISIS+ KAPRIMAN "WIDER"-BAHINEMO, part of sepik grouping Latin scriptset26-JA BITARA chain26-JAA BITARA net26-JAA-a Bitara April River valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JAA-aa bitara-A. bitara "proper" Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-JAA-ab apowasi kakiru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)26-JB BAHINEMO chain26-JBA BAHINEMO net26-JBA-a Bahinemo Hunstein Range mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JBA-aa bahinemo gahom, wogu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JC MARI chain26-JCA MARI net26-JCA-a Mari Mari-N. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JCA-aa mari Mari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JD BISIS chain26-JDA BISIS net26-JDA-a Bisis Chambri lake… Salumei lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 426-JDA-aa bisis Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 426-JE WATAKATAUI chain26-JEA WATAKATAUI net26-JEA-a Watakataui Korosameri middle left tributary Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JEA-aa watakataui Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JF KAPRIMAN chain26-JFA KAPRIMAN net26-JFA-a Kapriman wasare, mugumute Korosameri… Blackwater valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-JFA-aa kapriman-A. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JFA-ab karambit Kuvanmas lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JG SUMARIUP chain26-JGA SUMARIUP net26-JGA-a Sumariup Wagupmeri upper valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-JGA-aa sumariup sogoba Sumariup Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-K ALAMBLAK+part of sepik grouping Latin scriptKANINGRA set26-KA ALAMBLAK chain26-KAA ALAMBLAK net26-KAA-a Alamblak alambuk Kuvenmas lake… Karawari middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-KAA-aa kuvenmas Kuvenmas-S. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-KAA-ab karawari Karawari middle… Wagupmeri valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-KB KANINGRA chain26-KBA KANINGRA net26-KBA-a Kaningra Blackwater valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-KBA-aa kaningra kaningara Kuvanmas-N. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-L MARAMBA set part of yuat+ maramba grouping26-LA MARAMBA chain26-LAA MARAMBA net26-LAA-a Maramba Sepik middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-LAA-aa maramba Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-M MEKMEK+ BIWAT YUAT, part of yuat+ maramba grouping Latin scriptset26-MA CHANGRIWA chain26-MAA CHANGRIWA net26-MAA-a Changriwa Sepik middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-MAA-aa changriwa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-MB MEKMEK chain26-MBA MEKMEK net26-MBA-a Mekmek Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-MBA-aa mekmek Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-MC BIWAT+ MIYAK chain26-MCA MIYAK net26-MCA-a Miyak Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2*26-MCA-aa miyak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 18726-MCBKYENELE net26-MCB-a Kyenele Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-MCB-aa kyenele keñele, kenen-birang, kyenying-barang, kenying-bulang Giling Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-MCC BIWAT+ BUN net26-MCC-a Bun Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-MCC-aa bun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-MCC-b Biwat Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-MCC-ba biwat mundugumor, munduguma Biwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 326-N MONGOL+ LANGAM part of sepik+ ramu hypothesis Latin scriptset26-NA MONGOL chain26-NAA MONGOL net26-NAA-a Mongol Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-NAA-aa mongol Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-NB26-NBALANGAM chainLANGAM net26-NBA-a Langam Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-NBA-aa langam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-NC26-NCAYAUL chainYAUL net26-NCA-a Yaul Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-NCA-aa yaul Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-O ALFENDIO+ARAFUNDI, part of ramu groupingMEAKAMBUT set26-OA ALFENDIO+MEAKAMBUT chain26-OAA ALFENDIO net26-OAA-a Alfendio Arafundi valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-OAA-aa alfendio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-OAB MEAKAMBUT net26-OAB-a Meakambut Arafundi headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-OAB-aa meakambut Avieme Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-P BOTIN+ ABU set PORAPORA, "grass"; part of ramu grouping Latin script26-PA BOTIN chain26-PAA BOTIN net26-PAA-a Botin kambot Keram valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-PAA-aa kambot keram Kambot Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-PAA-ab kambaramba Sepik river + Keram-S. tributary Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-PB ABU+ AION chain26-PBA ABU+ AION net26-PBA-a Aion Porapora lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-PBA-aa aion Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-PBA-b Lembum Porapora headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-PBA-ba lembum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 226-PBA-c Abu Porapora… Ramu lower valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3Madang)26-PBA-ca abu-A. Papua New Guinea26-PBA-cb adjora adjoria Papua New Guinea26-PBA-cc azao Papua New Guinea26-PC26-PCAGOROVU chainGOROVU net26-PCA-a Gorovu Bangapela Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Madang)26-PCA-aa gorovu gorova, yerani Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Madang)26-Q BANARO set part of ramu grouping Latin script26-QA BANARO chain26-QAA BANARO net26-QAA-a Banaro Keram+ Clay valleys… Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Madang adjacent)26-QAA-aa banaro banar, banara Yar… Ninias Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Madang adjacent)1133

page 188 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition26-R BOREI+ BOSNGUNset26-RA BOREI+ WATAMchain26-RAA BOREI+ WATAM netOTTILIEN, part of ramu grouping Latin script26-RAA-a Watam Cape Girgir coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Madang)26-RAA-aa watam Watam… Marangis Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 2Madang)26-RAA-b Borei gamei Boroi coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-RAA-ba boroi Boroi Papua New Guinea (Madang)26-RAA-bb borewar Buliva Papua New Guinea (Madang)26-RAA-bc botbot Botbot Papua New Guinea (Madang)26-RAA-bd gamei gamai Gamei Papua New Guinea (Madang)26-RAA-c Kaian kayan Boroi>N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-RAA-ca kaian kayan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-RB BOSNGUN+ AWARchain26-RBA BOSNGUN net26-RBA-a Bosngun Ramu lower left-bank: Bosman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-RBA-aa bosngun bosman Papua New Guinea (Madang; EastSepik adjacent)26-RBBAWAR net26-RBB-a Awar Hansa-N. bay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-RBB-aa awar-A. Awar Papua New Guinea (Madang)26-RBB-ab nubia Nubia Papua New Guinea (Madang)26-S KIRE+ MIKAREW set MISEGIAN, part of ramu grouping Latin script26-SA KIRE+ MIKAREWchain26-SAA KIRE net26-SAA-a Kire Ramu lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-SAA-aa kire gire, giri, kire-puire Giri Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-SABSEPEN net26-SAB-a Sepen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-SAB-aa sepen Sepen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-SACMIKAREW net26-SAC-a Mikarew Hansa-S. bay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-SAC-aa mikarew aruamu, ariawiai, makarup, makarub, mikarup, mikarew-ariawMakarup… Mikarew26-T IGOM+ MIDSIVINDIsetGOAM, part of ramu grouping Latin scriptPapua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TA ANDARUM chain part of "ataitan"26-TAA ANDARUM net26-TAA-a Andarum Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TAA-aa andarum Andarum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TB IGOM+ TANGGU part of "ataitan"chain26-TBA IGOM net26-TBA-a Igom Sokumu>W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TBA-aa igom ‣comprises 2 dialects Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TBBTANGGU net26-TBB-a Tanggu Sokumu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TBB-aa tanggu tanggum, tangu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TC TANGUAT chain part of "ataitan"26-TCA TANGUAT net26-TCA-a Tanguat Goam middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TCA-aa tanguat Tanguat Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TD MIDSIVINDI+ BRERI TAMOLANchain26-TDA MIDSIVINDI+ITUTANG net26-TDA-a Itutang Goam middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDA-aa itutang Itutang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDA-b Midsivindi Goam middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDA-ba midsivindi Midisvindi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 18926-TDA-c Igana* Goam middle… Aingurum lower valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDA-ca igana Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDB BRERI+ ROMKUN net26-TDB-a Kominimung* Goam… Aingurum confluence Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDB-aa kominimung Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDB-b Breri Sogeram lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TDB-ba breri kuanga Guanga Papua New Guinea (Madang) 326-TDB-c Romkun Goam lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDB-ca romkun romkuin Romkun Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDCAKRUKAY net26-TDC-a Akrukay Sogeram middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-TDC-aa akrukay Akrukay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-U RAO set part of 'annaberg' grouping Latin script26-UA RAO chain26-UAA RAO net26-UAA-a Rao Keram… Ramu middle valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang; EastSepik adjacent)26-UAA-aa rao rao-breri Gorendo… Annaberg Papua New Guinea (Madang; EastSepik adjacent)26-V ANOR+ AIOME set AIAN, part of 'annaberg' grouping26-VA ANOR+ AIOME chain26-VAA ANOR net26-VAA-a Anor Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-VAA-aa anor Iwam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-VABAIOME net26-VAB-a Aiome Ramu middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 226-VAB-aa aiome ayom, annaberg "proper" Aiome Patrol Post Papua New Guinea (Madang) 233

page 190 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition27= BISMARCK-SEAgeozonecovers the "East New-Guinea+ Solomons" reference area,within the wider reference area of the "Papuan" hypotheses;comprising 26 sets of languages (101 outer languages)spoken by communities in Australasia, centered on theBismarck Sea and Archipelago, extending from Eastern NewGuinea through New Britain, New Ireland and the NorthSolomon islands (all part of Papua New Guinea) to theSolomon Islands:27-A PAPI+ SUARMIN 27-B WALIO+ PEI27-C YABIO+ TUWARI 27-D ANGORAM+ CHAMBRI27-E MURIK+ KOPAR 27-F GAPUN27-G AUNALEI+ SETA 27-H YIS+ MITANG27-I BELI+ ARINUA 27-J KOMBIO+ MUHIANG27-K URIM 27-L MANDI+ BUNA27-M MONUMBO+ LILAU 27-N ANEM27-O WASI 27-P KOL+ SUI27-Q SULKA 27-R SIMBALI+ MALI27-S TAULIL+ BUTAM 27-T KUOT27-U KUNUA+ EIVO 27-V BUIN+ NASIOI27-W YELE 27-X BILUA+ SAVO27-Y KAZUKURU 27-Z AYIWO+ NEAPapua New Guinea; SolomonIslands427-A PAPI+ SUARMIN set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramumarginal" sets Latin script27-AA PAPI chain27-AAA PAPI net27-AAA-a Papi Frieda valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 127-AAA-aa papi paupe Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 127-AB27-ABASUARMIN chainSUARMIN net27-ABA-a Suarmin Schatteburg-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-ABA-aa suarmin duranmin, akiapmin Kenu valley: Duranmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-B WALIO+ PEI set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramumarginal" sets Latin script27-BA PEI chain27-BAA PEI net27-BAA-a Pei Walio, Leonhard Schultze middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-BAA-aa pei pai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-BB27-BBAWALIO chainWALIO net27-BBA-a Walio Walio, Leonhard Schultze middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-BBA-aa walio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-C YABIO+ TUWARI set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramumarginal" sets Latin script27-CA YABIO chain27-CAA YABIO net27-CAA-a Yabio Walio, Leonhard Schultze upper valley Papua New Guinea 227-CAA-aa yabio Woswori Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)27-CB27-CBATUWARI chainTUWARI net27-CBA-a Tuwari Schatteburg mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-CBA-aa tuwari-N. Schatteburg-N. mountains: Walio, Leonhard Schultze headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-CBA-ab tuwari-S. Schatteburg-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-D ANGORAM+CHAMBRI setPONDO, part of nor+pondo grouping, among the "sepik+ ramumarginal" sets Latin script27-DA CHAMBRI chain27-DAA CHAMBRI net27-DAA-a Chambri Chambri lake. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-DAA-aa chambri tshamberi, tchambuli Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-DB YIMAS+ TABRIAKchain27-DBA YIMAS net27-DBA-a Yimas Arafundi valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-DBA-aa yimas Yimas Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 22

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 19127-DBBTABRIAK net27-DBB-a Tabriak Karawari middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-DBB-aa tabriak karawari 2 Amboin-NE. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-DC ANGORAM chain27-DCA ANGORAM net27-DCA-a Angoram Sepik lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-DCA-aa angoram pondo "proper", tjimundo, olem Angoram Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-E MURIK+ KOPAR set NOR, part of nor+pondo grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu marginal"sets Latin script27-EA MURIK+ KOPARchain27-EAA MURIK net27-EAA-a Murik Murik coastal lakes Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-EAA-aa murik nor "proper" Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-EAB KOPAR net27-EAB-a Kopar Sepik river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-EAB-aa kopar Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-F GAPUN set among the "sepik+ ramu marginal" sets27-FA GAPUN chain27-FAA GAPUN net27-FAA-a Gapun Sepik-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 127-FAA-aa gapun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 127-G AUNALEI+ SETA set WAPEI-WEST, part of torricelli grouping Latin script27-GA AUNALEI chain27-GAA AUNALEI net27-GAA-a Aunalei Kapori… Romei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-GAA-aa aunalei onele, one, oni Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-GB SETA+ SETI chain27-GBA SETA+ SETI net27-GBA-a Seta Sand upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-GBA-aa seta Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-GBA-b Seti Weni upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-GBA-ba seti Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-H YIS+MITANG set wapei-E.+ palei; part of torricelli grouping Latin script27-HA YIS+ GALU chain wapei-E.27-HAA YIS+ YAU net27-HAA-a Yis Kernam>N. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAA-aa yis Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAA-b Yau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HAA-ba yau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HABOLO net27-HAB-a Olo orlei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAB-aa payi pay, olo-N. Yalicoi valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-HAB-ab wapi wape, olo-S. Torricelli-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-HACELKEI net27-HAC-a Elkei Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAC-aa elkei olkoi Telotei-E. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HADAU net27-HAD-a Au Yula valley… Yankok Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAD-aa au Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAEYIL net27-HAE-a Yil Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAE-aa yil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAF NINGIL net27-HAF-a Ningil Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HAF-aa ningil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HAGGNAU net27-HAG-a Gnau Yankok-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAG-aa gnau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAH DIA+ SINAGEN net galu, metru27-HAH-a Dia Torricelli-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-HAH-aa dia alu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3

page 192 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition27-HAH-b Sinagen Torricelli-C. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HAH-ba sinagen galu "proper" Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HAI VALMAN net27-HAI-a Valman Nigia river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HAI-aa valman koroko Lemieng… Chinapelli Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HAJ YAPUNDA net27-HAJ-a Yapunda Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 127-HAJ-aa yapunda reiwo Om upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 127-HB MITANG+ ALATIL PALEIchain27-HBA MITANG net27-HBA-a Mitang Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBA-aa mitang metan, nambi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBB AGI net27-HBB-a Agi Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBB-aa agi Boini Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBC WANAP net27-HBC-a Wanap Om middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBC-aa wanap kayik Wanali Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBD AIKU net27-HBD-a Aiku Om upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBD-aa aiku minendon, menandon, malek Wemil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBE ARUOP net27-HBE-a Aruop Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBE-aa aruop lauisaranga, lau'u Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBF BRAGAT net27-HBF-a Bragat Torricelli-C. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBF-aa bragat alauagat Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBG ALATIL net27-HBG-a Alatil Torricelli-SE. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HBG-aa alatil aru, eru Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-HC URAT chain27-HCA URAT net27-HCA-a Urat urakin, wasepnau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-HCA-aa urat-C. Dreikikir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-HCA-ab urat-E. Emul Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-HCA-ac urat-S. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-I BELI+ ARINUA set part of torricelli grouping Latin script27-IA LAEKO+ LIBUATchain27-IAA LAEKO+ LIBUAT net27-IAA-a Laeko+ Libuat Wagasu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-IAA-aa laeko Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-IAA-ab libuat limbuat Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-IB BELI chain27-IBA BELI net27-IBA-a Beli Torricelli-CS. foothills: Mehek>W. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-IBA-aa beli-A. mukili, akuwagel Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-IBA-ab makarim* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-IC WIAKI chain27-ICA WIAKI net27-ICA-a Wiaki Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-ICA-aa wiaki wiakei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-ID SILIPUT chain part of maimai27-IDA SILIPUT net27-IDA-a Siliput Makru-Klaplei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-IDA-aa siliput maimai-N., mai, sokorok Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-IE ARINUA+ YAHANG RURUHIP, ruruhi'p; part of maimaichain27-IEA YAHANG net27-IEA-a Yahang Mehek>W. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-IEA-aa yahang maimai-S., ya'unk Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 19327-IEBARINUA net27-IEB-a Arinua arinwa, arima, wan wan Wan-Wan… Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 327-IEB-aa arinua-A. arinwa, arima Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-IEB-ab lolopani* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-IEB-ac heyo* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)27-J KOMBIO+ MUHIANGset27-JA KOMBIO+ LOU chain27-JAA ARUEK netpart of torricelli grouping Latin script ‣or to be re-classified as 2 ormore sets27-JAA-a Aruek Dunumor-E. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);(East Sepik)27-JAA-aa aruek djang Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;East Sepik adjacent)27-JABLOU net27-JAB-a Lou torricelli "proper", anamagi Torricelli-C. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;East Sepik)27-JAB-aa lou-W. Maprik Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 227-JAB-ab lou-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-JACEITIEP net27-JAC-a Eitiep Torricelli-C. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;East Sepik adjacent)27-JAC-aa eitiep Papua New Guinea (Sandaun;East Sepik adjacent)27-JADKOMBIO net27-JAD-a Kombio endangen Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-JAD-aa kombio-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JAD-ab kombio-C. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JAD-ac kombio-S. Ben Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JAEYAMBES net27-JAE-a Yambes Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-JAE-aa yambes-W. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JAE-ab yambes-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JAFWOM net27-JAF-a Wom wam Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)27-JAF-aa wom-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun adjacent)27-JAF-ab wom-S. wam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JB BUMBITA chain part of arapesh27-JBA BUMBITA net27-JBA-a Bumbita arapesh-bumbita Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-JBA-aa bonahoi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JBA-ab urita Urita Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JBA-ac timingir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JBA-ad weril Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JBA-ae werir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JC27-JCAMUHIANG+ BUKIYIPchainMUHIANG+ BUKIYIPnetpart of arapesh27-JCA-a Muhiang arapesh-S., muhian, mufian Torricelli-E. mountains… NumaliouppervalleyPapua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun adjacent)27-JCA-aa balif Balif+ Albinama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-JCA-ab supari Supari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-JCA-ac filifita ilahita Ilahita Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-JCA-ad balanga Balanga… Ningalimbi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JCA-ae iwam iwam+ nagalemb Iwam… Ami… Nagalemb Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JCA-af womsak Womsak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JCA-ag walihiga Walihiga… Dagua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JCA-ah nagipeim translingual < [27=] Bukiyip-S. Nagipeim Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-JCA-b Bukiyip bukiyup, kavu; arapesh-C. Torricelli-E. mountains… coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)27-JCA-ba bukiyip-S. "mountain" arapesh Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)27-JCA-bb bukiyip-N. "coastal" arapesh Matapau… Dagua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)2232234433

page 194 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition27-K URIM set part of torricelli Latin script27-KA URIM chain27-KAA URIM net27-KAA-a Urim Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun)27-KAA-aa urim kalp Papua New Guinea (East Sepik;Sandaun) adjacent27-L MANDI+ BUNA set marienberg; part of torricelli grouping Latin script27-LA MANDI+ KAMASAUchain27-LAA MANDI net27-LAA-a Mandi Cape Moem-SE. coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAA-aa mandi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LABBUNGAIN net27-LAB-a Bungain Forok Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-LAB-aa bungain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-LAC MUNIWARA net27-LAC-a Muniwara Muniwara Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAC-aa muniwara mambe, tumara, tumaru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LADURIMO net27-LAD-a Urimo Urimo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAD-aa urimo-A. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAD-ab yaugiba* yauagepa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-LAE KAMASAU+ YIBABnetwand-tan, sagi 227-LAE-a Paruwa+ Kenyari Paruwa… Kenyari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAE-aa paruwa Paruwa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-LAE-ab kenyari Kenyari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-LAE-b Kamasau+ Tring Kamasau… Tring… Wau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAE-ba kamasau Kamasau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-LAE-bb tring Tring Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-LAE-bc wau Wau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)27-LAE-c Yibab Yibab Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAE-ca yibab Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAE-d Wandomi Wandomi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAE-da wandomi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LAFELEPI net27-LAF-a Elepi Samap coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-LAF-aa elepi samap Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-LB BUNA+ MASAN chain27-LBA BUNA+ MASAN net27-LBA-a Buna+ Masan Murik-S. coastal lakes Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 327-LBA-aa buna-N.* Kasmin… Boig… Waskurin… Arapang Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LBA-ab buna-S. Mausap… Marienberg Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-LBA-ac masan Masan… Mangan… Garien Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 227-M MONUMBO+ LILAU part of torricelli grouping Latin scriptset27-MA MONUMBO+ LILAUchain27-MAA MONUMBO+ LILAUnet27-MAA-a Monumbo Bogia>N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 227-MAA-aa monumbo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 227-MAA-b Lilau Bogia>S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 227-MAA-ba lilau ngaimbom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 227-N ANEM set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin27-NA ANEM chain27-NAA ANEM net27-NAA-a Anem Raoult-SE. cape Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 227-NAA-aa anem karaiai Papua New Guinea (West NewBritain)332

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 19527-O WASI set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin27-OA WASI chain27-OAA WASI net27-OAA-a Wasi pele+ ata, uase, uasi, uasilau Uasilau Papua New Guinea (West NewBritain; East New Britain)27-OAA-aa pele Papua New Guinea (New Britain)27-OAA-ab ata Papua New Guinea (New Britain)27-P KOL+SUI set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin27-PA KOL+SUI chain27-PAA KOL+SUI net27-PAA-a Kol+ Sui Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 327-PAA-aa sui Open Bay hinterland (East New Britain) 327-PAA-ab kol kole, kola, nakgaktai Timono… Orakwi (East New Britain) 327-Q SULKA set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin27-QA SULKA chain27-QAA SULKA net27-QAA-a Sulka Wide Bay coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 327-QAA-aa kanakadran Kanakadran (East New Britain)27-QAA-ab nambling Nambling (East New Britain)27-R SIMBALI+ MALI set BAINING, part of baining+ taulil grouping within "new britain" grouping;within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script27-RA SIMBALI+ MALI chain27-RAA SIMBALI+ MALI net27-RAA-a Makolkol Gazelle peninsula (neck) Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 127-RAA-aa makolkol 7 speakers in late 1980's; nearly extinct (East New Britain) 127-RAA-b Simbali Gazelle-S. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 227-RAA-ba simbali asimbali (East New Britain) 227-RAA-c Qaqet maqaqet, kakat, makakat, baining Gazelle-W. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 327-RAA-ca qaqet-S. Pondo (East New Britain)27-RAA-cb qaqet-N. Lassul (East New Britain)27-RAA-d Uramat Gazelle-C. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 327-RAA-da uramat uramit, uramet, uramot, auramot (East New Britain) 327-RAA-e Mali+ Gaktai Gazelle-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 327-RAA-ea mali Gazelle-E. peninsula (East New Britain)27-RAA-eb gaktai Gazelle-E. peninsula (East New Britain)27-RAA-f Kairak Gazelle-NE. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 227-RAA-fa kairak Mope+ Tobera (East New Britain) 227-S TAULIL+ BUTAM set part of baining+ taulil grouping within "new britain" grouping; within"papuan"-E. hypothesis27-SA TAULIL+ BUTAMchain27-SAA TAULIL+ BUTAM net27-SAA-a Taulil Gazelle-N. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 227-SAA-aa taulil (East New Britain) 227-SAA-b Butam Gazelle-NE. peninsula formerly Papua New Guinea (New 0Britain)27-SAA-ba butam extinct (East New Britain) 027-T KUOT set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin27-TA KUOT chain27-TAA KUOT net27-TAA-a Kuot kuat, panaras Naiamo-W.… Kama-E. coasts Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 327-TAA-aa kul Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)27-TAA-ab naiyama Naiamo Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)27-TAA-ac letatan Papua New Guinea (New Ireland)27-U KUNUA+ EIVO set "bougainville"-W.; part of "bougainville" grouping; within "papuan"-E.hypothesis Latin script27-UA KUNUA chain27-UAA KUNUA net27-UAA-a Kunua Bougainville-NE. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-UAA-aa kunua konua, napoisi, rapoisi Kunua-W. coast (North Solomons) 327-UB27-UBAKERIAKA chainKERIAKA net27-UBA-a Keriaka Bougainville-E. island: Balbi mountain… coast Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-UBA-aa keriaka (North Solomons) 3333

page 196 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition27-UC27-UCAROTOKAS chainROTOKAS net27-UCA-a Rotokas Bougainville-NE. island: Balbi mountain… coast Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-UCA-aa pipipaia (North Solomons)27-UCA-ab aita (North Solomons)27-UCA-ac atsilima (North Solomons) 227-UD27-UDAEIVO chainEIVO net27-UDA-a Eivo Bougainville-C. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-UDA-aa eivo Vito-SW. (North Solomons) 327-V BUIN+ NASIOI set "bougainville"-E.; part of "bougainville" grouping; within "papuan"-E.hypothesis Latin script27-VA NASIOI+ NAGOVISIchain27-VAA NASIOI+ SIMEKU net27-VAA-a Simeku Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VAA-aa mainoki mainoke Bougainville-SE. western slope (North Solomons) 327-VAA-ab koopei kopei Bougainville-SE. eastern slope (North Solomons) 227-VAA-b Nasioi+ Orami aunge, in Tok Pisin: kieta-tok, "kieta-talk" Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North 4Solomons)27-VAA-ba nasioi-A. naasioi Kieta (North Solomons)27-VAA-bb kongara (North Solomons)27-VAA-bc orami guava (North Solomons)27-VAA-bd pakia+ sideronsi (North Solomons)27-VABOUNE+ DAPERA net27-VAB-a Oune+ Dapera Bougainville-SE. mountains… coast Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VAB-aa oune ounge (North Solomons)27-VAB-ab dapera (North Solomons))27-VACLANTANAI net27-VAC-a Lantanai Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VAC-aa lantanai Piruneu (North Solomons) 227-VADKOROMIRA+KOIANU net27-VAD-a Koromira Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VAD-aa koromira (North Solomons) 327-VAD-b Koianu Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North 2Solomons)27-VAD-ba koianu (North Solomons) 227-VAENAGOVISI net27-VAE-a Nagovisi Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VAE-aa nagovisi sibbe, nagovis (North Solomons) 327-VB27-VBASIWAI+ BAITSI chainSIWAI+ BAITSI net27-VBA-a Siwai+ Baitsi motuna Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VBA-aa siwai motuna (North Solomons) 327-VBA-ab baitsi sigisigero (North Solomons) 227-VC27-VCABUIN+ UISAI chainUISAI net27-VCA-a Uisai Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VCA-aa uisai Takuam-S. mountain (North Solomons) 327-VCBBUIN+ TELEI net27-VCB-a Buin+Telei Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (NorthSolomons)27-VCB-aa buin Buin (North Solomons)27-VCB-ab rugara (North Solomons)27-VCB-ac telei terei (North Solomons)3333233334

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 19727-W YELE set part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesisLatin script27-WA YELE chain27-WAA YELE net27-WAA-a Yele yelejong, rossel, yela, yeletnye Rossel island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 327-WAA-aa daminyu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)27-WAA-ab bou Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)27-WAA-ac wulanga Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)27-WAA-ad jinjo Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)27-WAA-ae abaletti Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)27-WAA-af jaru Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)27-X BILUA+ SAVO set solomons-C.; part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E.hypothesis Latin script27-XA BILUA chain27-XAA BILUA net27-XAA-a Bilua mbilua Vella Lavella… Mbava… Gizo-NE. islands Solomon Islands (Western) 427-XAA-aa vella-lavella Vella Lavella island Solomon Islands (Western)27-XAA-ab mbava Mbava island Solomon Islands (Western)27-XAA-ac gizo-NE. Gizo-NE. island Solomon Islands (Western)27-XB BANIATA chain27-XBA BANIATA net27-XBA-a Baniata Rendova-S. island Solomon Islands (Western) 227-XBA-aa baniata mbaniata, lokuru Solomon Islands (Western) 227-XC LAVUKALEVE chain27-XCA LAVUKALEVE net27-XCA-a Lavukaleve Russell islands Solomon Islands 227-XCA-aa lavukaleve laube, laumbe Solomon Islands 227-XD27-XDASAVO chainSAVO net27-XDA-a Savo Savo island formerly Solomon Islands 227-XDA-aa savo savosavo Solomon Islands 227-Y KAZUKURU set part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis X27-YA KAZUKURU chain X27-YAA KAZUKURU net X27-YAA-a Kazukuru New Georgia-NW. island Solomon Islands 027-YAA-aa kazukuru-A. Solomon Islands 027-YAA-ab dororo* doriri Solomon Islands 027-YAA-ac guliguli* gulili Solomon Islands 027-Z AYIWO+ NEA set "reef-islands"+ santa cruz; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latinscript27-ZA AYIWO chain "reef-islands", "reefs"27-ZAA AYIWO net27-ZAA-a Ayiwo influence < languages in 39=Transpacific phylozone Reef islands Solomon Islands 327-ZAA-aa ayiwo aïwo, gnivo, nivo, nifilole, lomlom Solomon Islands 327-ZB NEA+ NANGGU santa-cruzchain27-ZBA LÖNDÄI net27-ZBA-a Löndäi nambakaengö Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 327-ZBA-aa löndäi Solomon Islands 327-ZBBNEA net27-ZBB-a Nea Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 327-ZBB-aa natügu Solomon Islands27-ZBB-ab nendö Solomon Islands27-ZBB-ac ndeni deni Solomon Islands27-ZBB-ad te-motu Solomon Islands27-ZBB-ae nemboi nea-W. Solomon Islands 227-ZBB-af nooli nea-E. Solomon Islands 227-ZBB-ag lvova lwowa Solomon Islands27-ZBB-ah mbanua Solomon Islands27-ZBCNANGGU net27-ZBC-a Nanggu Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 227-ZBC-aa nanggu Solomon Islands 2

page 198 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition28= NORTH-AUSTRALIAgeozonecovers the "North-Australia" reference area (within the"Australian" hypothesis); comprising 21 sets of languages (85outer languages) spoken or formerly spoken by huntergatherercommunities (or descendants of former huntergatherers)across the far-north of Australia:28-A BAADI+ YAWURU 28-B BUNABA+ GUNIANDI28-C WORORA+ NGARINYIN 28-D KITJA+ MIRIWUNG28-E DJAMINDJUNG+ NUNGALI 28-F MURRINHPATHA+ NANGIOMERI*28-G KUNGARAKANY 28-H LARAGIA+ WULNA28-I TIWI 28-J UMBUGARLA+ BUGUNIDJA*28-K GAGADU 28-L ERRE+ MANGERR28-M IWAIDJA+ AMARAG 28-N DJEEBBANA+ GUJINGALIA28-O WAGEMAN+ GUNWINGGU 28-P ANINDILYAKWA28-Q ALAWA+ GARYIMAR 28-R YANYUWA28-S JINGILI+ WAMBAYA 28-T GARAWA+ WANJI28-U MINGINOnly 14 among 298 surviving outer-languages in zones 28=and 29= (marked ) are likely to have totalled 1,000 or morevoices each in 1999: see note under geozone 29=.Australia(Northern Territory =N.T.;Western Australia =W.A.;Queensland)328-A BAADI+ YAWURU set NYULNYULAN majority of speakers in most or all survivingcommunities of this set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especiallyamong younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English28-AA BAADI+ YAWURUchain28-AAA YAWURU net28-AAA-a Yawuru Elliot lake Australia (W.A.) 1*28-AAA-aa yawuru jauor, yauor, yauera, djauor Broome>SE. perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.)28-AAB BAADI+ DYUGUN net28-AAB-a Dyugun Broome>N. Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-aa dyugun dyuezun, jukun Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-b Dyaberdyaber Beagle Bay-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-ba dyaberdyaber djaberadjaber Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-c Nyulnyul Beagle Bay coast Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-ca nyulnyul Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-d Baadi Beagle Bay-N. coast Australia (W.A.) 228-AAB-da baadi-A. bard, bardi Australia (W.A.) 228-AAB-db lombadina* Australia (W.A.)28-AAB-e Djawi King Sound+ Brunswick Bay islands Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-ea djawi Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-f Nimanbur King Sound bay Australia (W.A.) 128-AAB-fa nimanbur ninambur Australia (W.A.) 128-AACWARWA net28-AAC-a Warwa Australia (W.A.) 1*28-AAC-aa warwa warrawai perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.)28-AADNYIGINA net28-AAD-a Nyigina Australia (W.A.) 128-AAD-aa nyigina nyikina, negena near extinction 128-B BUNABA+ GUNIANDI BUNABAN majority of speakers are bilingual, with primary fluency inset[52=] Australian creole and/or English28-BA BUNABA+ GUNIANDIchain28-BAA BUNABA+ GUNIANDInet28-BAA-a Guniandi Margaret River valley Australia (W.A.) 128-BAA-aa guniandi gooniyandi, gunian, kunian, kuniyan, guniyan, guniyn, kunan,Australia (W.A.) 1koneyandi, konejandi Fitzroy Crossing>E.28-BAA-b Bunaba Hann… Fitzroy valleys Australia (W.A.) 128-BAA-ba bunaba punapa, bunuba Fitzroy Crossing>NE. Australia (W.A.) 128-C WORORA+NGARINYIN setWORORAN majority of speakers are bilingual, with primary fluency in[52=] Australian creole and/or English28-CA WORORA+NGARINYIN chain28-CAA WORORA+UNGGUMI net28-CAA-a Worora "wororic" Collier bay… Prince Regent valley Australia (W.A.) 228-CAA-aa worora worrorra, wurara Australia (W.A.) 2

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 19928-CAA-b Unggumi Kimberley-NE. plateau Australia (W.A.) 2*28-CAA-ba unggumi wongkami, wongkomi Australia (W.A.)28-CAB WUNAMBAL+ MIWA WUNAMBALICnet28-CAB-a Wunambal Prince Regent valley… Kalumburu Australia (W.A.) 128-CAB-aa wunambal unambal, wumnabal, wunambullu, yeidji, yeithi, jeidji, jeithi #yeidji, Australia (W.A.) 1yeithi (etc.) =«speech »28-CAB-b Gambera Admiralty Gulf bay Australia (W.A.) 128-CAB-ba gambera gambre, gamgre, guwan, kambera Australia (W.A.) 128-CAB-c Kunan Kalumburu Australia (W.A.) 1*28-CAB-ca kunan kwini, gwini, gwiini, cuini, gunin, goonan Australia (W.A.)28-CAB-d Miwa Drysdale valley Australia (W.A.) 128-CAB-da miwa bagu, baagu, pela Australia (W.A.)28-CACNGARINYIN+WILAWILA netUNGARINYINIC28-CAC-a Wilawila Kimberley-N. plateau Australia (W.A.) 128-CAC-aa wilawila wila-wila Australia (W.A.) 128-CAC-b Wolyamidi Durack… Kind lower valleys Australia (W.A.) 1*28-CAC-ba wolyamidi woljamidi, yamandil Australia (W.A.)28-CAC-c Ngarinyin Kimberley-C. plateau Australia (W.A.) 128-CAC-ca ngarinyin ungarinyin, ungarinjin Australia (W.A.) 128-CAC-d Guwidj Barnett mountain Australia (W.A.) 1*28-CAC-da guwidj guidj Australia (W.A.)28-D KITJA+ MIRIWUNGsetDJERAGAN majority of speakers in most or all communities of thisset are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among youngerspeakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English28-DA KITJA+ MIRIWUNGchain28-DAA KITJA+ GULUWARIN KITJIC28-DAA-a Kitja+ Lungga Hall's Creek… Turkey Creek Australia (W.A.) 228-DAA-aa kitja kitja "proper", kija, gidja, kidja Australia (W.A.) 228-DAA-ab lungga loonga, lunga, lungar Durack Range mountains Australia (W.A.)28-DAA-b Guluwarin Durack Range mountains… Ord lower valley Australia (W.A.) 1*28-DAA-ba guluwarin perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.)28-DAB MIRIWUNG+MIRIWUNGICGADJERAWANG net28-DAB-a Miriwung Durack Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 128-DAB-aa miriwung mirung, merong, miriwun, miriwoong, djerag nearly extinct Australia (W.A.) 128-DAB-b Gadjerawang Victoria River-W. valley perhaps extinct (only 3 speakers in 1970's) Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1*28-DAB-ba gadjerawang gadjerong, kajirrawung, kadjeroen, kadjerong Australia (N.T.; W.A.)28-E DJAMINDJUNG+NUNGALI setDJAMINDJUNGAN majority of speakers in communities of this setare plurilingual, in [29=] Ngarinman & with primary fluency – especiallyamong younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English28-EA DJAMINDJUNG+NUNGALI chain28-EAA DJAMINDJUNG+NUNGALI net28-EAA-a Djamindjung Victoria valley Australia (N.T.) 128-EAA-aa djamindjung-A. jaminjung Victoria lower valley Australia (N.T.) 128-EAA-ab ngaliwuru ngaliwerra Victoria upper valleys Australia (N.T.)28-EAA-b Nungali Fitzmaurice… Daly upper valleys Australia (N.T.) 128-EAA-ba nungali nunguli 128-F MURRINHPATHA+NANGIOMERI* set28-FA28-FAA28-FAA-aDALY-RIVER majority of speakers in most or all survivingcommunities are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially amongyounger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or EnglishMURRINHPATHA+GARAMA chainMURRINHPATHA netMurrinhpatha+ Port Keats Australia (N.T.) 3*Murrinhdiminin28-FAA-aa murrinh-patha patha, murin-bada, murin-bata Australia (N.T.)28-FAA-ab murrinh-kura kura Australia (N.T.)28-FAA-ac murrinh-diminin diminin Australia (N.T.)28-FABGARAMA* net28-FAB-a Garama Daly upper valley Australia (N.T.) 128-FAB-aa garama Katherine-SW.… displaced to Delissatown Australia (N.T.) 1

page 200 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition28-FBMARIMANINDJI+WADJIGINY chain'bringen'+ wagaydy28-FBA MARIMANINDJI net "wider" 'bringen'28-FBA-a Marimanindji Daly valley>S. Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-aa mari-manindji manindji, mara-marandji, mara-manandji, mari-manindu, murinmanindjiAustralia (N.T.) 1Muldiva upper valley-W.28-FBA-b Marithiel Daly-C. valley.… displaced to Roper River Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-ba mari-thiel-A. thiel, maridhiyel, marithiyel, marrithiyel, maridhiel, 'bringen', 'brinken','berinken', 'berringen' #bringen =«stranger, bushman»28-FBA-bb nganygit Australia (N.T.)Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-bc mare-ammu ammu Australia (N.T.)28-FBA-c Magadige Anson Bay hinterland Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-ca maga-dige dige Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-d Maridjabin Anson Bay hinterland: Darwin>SW. Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-da mari-djabin djabin, mare-tyabin, mari-dyerbin, mare-dyerbin Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-e Maringarr+Moyle-S. valley Australia (N.T.) 1Maranunggu28-FBA-ea mari-ngarr ngarr, marenggar, maringa Moyle-S. valley Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-eb mara-nunggu* nunngu, marranunga, maramanunggu Anson Bay hinterland Australia (N.T.)28-FBA-f Maridan Moyle-N. valley Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-fa mari-dan dan, meradan Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-g Mariyedi Anson hinterland Australia (N.T.) 128-FBA-ga mari-yedi yedi Australia (N.T.) 128-FBB WADJIGINY+ GIYUG* WAGAYDYnet28-FBB-a Wadjiginy+ Ami Peron island… Finniss valley nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 128-FBB-aa wadjiginy djiginy, wogait, wogaity, wagaydy Peron island… Finniss valley Australia (N.T.)28-FBB-ab kuwama pungupungu, pungupunga Muldiva river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 128-FBB-ac ami ame, amijangal Anson bay Australia (N.T.) 128-FBB-ad manda Anson-SW. bay Australia (N.T.) 128-FBB-b Giyug* Peron island Australia (N.T.) 028-FBB-ba giyug giuk extinct Australia (N.T.) 028-FC NANGIOMERI+ MOILTYEMERI chain28-FCA NANGIOMERI+ bilingual < [52=] Australian creole and/or EnglishTYEMERI net28-FCA-a Nangiomeri+ Tyemeri Moyle… Flora valleys Australia (N.T.) 228-FCA-aa nangio-meri ngenkiwu-merri, nangumiri, angomerry, nangimera, ngangomori,ngenomeri, ngengomeri, marewumiri, mariwumeri, perhaps includingngan'gitjemerri Flora+ Daly confluence… displaced to Daly RiverStation+ Tipperary Station28-FCA-ab nangi-kurrunggurr ngenkikurrunggur, ngangikarangurr, ngankikurrunkurr,nangikurunggurr Flora+ Daly confluence28-FCA-ac tye-meri moil "proper" Moyle valley… displaced to Bathurst Island Station+Tipperary StationAustralia (N.T.) 2Australia (N.T.) 2Australia (N.T.) 128-FD MALAG+ MADNGELEchain28-FDA MALAG+ MADNGELE DALY, malag-malagnet28-FDA-a Madngele Daly valley Australia (N.T.) 128-FDA-aa madngele-A. matngala, warat, madngela, maangella, mandella, muttangulla Daly-S. valley: Muldiva-W. valleyAustralia (N.T.) 128-FDA-ab yunggor junggor, yungor Daly lower valley: Hermit Hill extinct Australia (N.T.) 028-FDA-ac kamu gamor Daly-E. valley Australia (N.T.) 128-FDA-b Malag Daly valley Australia (N.T.) 128-FDA-ba malag-malag mullukmulluk, malakmalak, ngolak-wonga, ngulu-wongga Daly-N.valleyAustralia (N.T.) 128-FDA-bb tyaraity dyeraidy, daktjerat, tjerait, djeradj Reynold river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 128-G KUNGARAKANY set "gungaraganyan" X28-GA KUNGARAKANYchainX28-GAA KUNGARAKANY net X28-GAA-a Kungarakany Finniss valley Australia (N.T.) 028-GAA-aa kungarakany gungaragan, gungaragany, gunerakan, kangarraga, kungarakanDarwin>S.: Darwin river… Rum Jungle extinct; last speaker died in1989Australia (N.T.) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 20128-H LARAGIA+ WULNAsetLARAGIYAN28-HA WULNA chain X28-HAA WULNA net X28-HAA-a Wulna Adelaide river-mouth right-bank Australia (N.T.) 0*28-HAA-aa wulna oola-wunga, wolna, wia-william extinct Australia (N.T.)28-HB28-HBALARAGIA chainLARAGIA net28-HBA-a Laragia Darwin>E. bilingual < [52=] English Australia (N.T.) 128-HBA-aa laragia larakia, larakiya, laragiya, woolsoongah Australia (N.T.) 128-I TIWI set TIWIAN28-IA TIWI chain28-IAA TIWI net28-IAA-a Tiwi Bathurst+ Melville islands: Nguiu… speakers are bilingual, withprimary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=]EnglishXAustralia (N.T.) 328-IAA-aa tiwi nguiu, ngiu, wunguk, wunuk, yeimbi Australia (N.T.) 328-J UMBUGARLA+BUGUNIDJA*notional setADELEIDE-RIVERS ‣a notional set (and chain), comprising ageographic cluster of unclassified or uncertainly classified languages inNorthern Arnhem Land majority of speakers in most or all survivingcommunities within this notional set are bilingual, with primary fluency– especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creoleand/or English28-JA UMBUGARLA+BUGUNIDJA chain28-JAA LIMILNGAN* net28-JAA-a Limilngan-A. Mary lower valley… West Alligator Australia (N.T.) 1*28-JAA-aa limilngan-A. limilngan "proper", lemil, norweilimil perhaps extinct Australia (N.T.)28-JAA-b Buneidja* South Alligator… Jimjim headwaters Australia (N.T.) 0*28-JAA-ba buneidja banidja, minitji, minnitji, manadja, peneitja, punaka extinct Australia (N.T.)28-JAB UMBUGARLA* net28-JAB-a Umbugarla Mary upper valley… South Alligator valley Australia (N.T.) 128-JAB-aa umbugarla mbakarla nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 128-JAC NGURMBUR* net28-JAC-a Ngurmbur West Alligator… South Alligator valleys Australia (N.T.) 128-JAC-aa ngurmbur ngormbur, gnormbur, gnumbu, koarnbut, ngumbur, oormbur nearlyextinct28-JADBUGUNIDJA* netAustralia (N.T.) 128-JAD-a Bugunidja South Alligator… Jimjim headwaters 128-JAD-aa bugunidja bugongidja nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 128-JAENGARDUK* net28-JAE-a Ngarduk Field island… West Alligator+ South Alligator river-mouths Australia (N.T.) 128-JAE-aa ngarduk ngardog nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 128-K GAGADU set "gagudjuan" X28-KA GAGADU chain X28-KAA GAGADU net X28-KAA-a Gagadu South Alligator… East Alligator valleys Australia (N.T.) 028-KAA-aa gagadu gagudju, kakdjuan, kakdju, kakadu, abdedal, abiddul, kakaktaextinctAustralia (N.T.) 028-L ERRE+ MANGERR MANGERRIANset28-LA ERRE+ MANGERRchain28-LAA ERRE+ MANGERRnet28-LAA-a Ere+ Urningangg "urninganggic" East Alligator valley Australia (N.T.) 128-LAA-aa erre ere, ari East Alligator lower valley (Oenpelli>W. ): Red Lily… lastspeaker alive around 1980Australia (N.T.) 0*28-LAA-ab urningangg uningangk, wuningak East Alligator upper valley a few speakers Australia (N.T.) 1alive around 1980 bilingual < [52=] Australian creole and/or English28-LAA-b Mangerr mengerrdji, mangerei, mennagi, mangeri East Alligator lower valley Australia (N.T.) 0*28-LAA-ba mangerr mengerrdji, mangerei, mennagi, mangeri Oenpelli environs lastspeaker alive around 1980Australia (N.T.) 0

page 202 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition28-M IWAIDJA+ AMARAGsetYIWAIDJAN majority of speakers in most or all communities of thisset are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among youngerspeakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English28-MA AMARAG chain "amaragic"28-MAA AMARAG net28-MAA-a Amarag "amaragic" Cooper's Creek valley Australia (N.T.) 1*28-MAA-aa amarag amadak, mamurug, monobar, wureidbug, amurag, ngamurag, umonju,umoriu Oenpelli>N.: Goulburn island a few elderly alternatelanguage speakers before 1980; perhaps now extinctAustralia (N.T.) 1*28-MB IWAIDJA+ MAUNG "yiwaidjic"chain28-MBA MAUNG net28-MBA-a Maung Goulbourn island… Arnhem Land-N. coast Australia (N.T.) 228-MBA-aa maung gunmarung, managari, mau, marung, men-ngai Australia (N.T.) 228-MBB IWAIDJA+ GARIG net28-MBB-a Iwaidja+ Garig Cobourg peninsula… Croker island Australia (N.T.) 228-MBB-aa iwaidja iwaidji, yiwaidja, ibadjo, eiwaja, jiwadja, limba-karadjee, unalla,yiwadja, uwaidja, idjduwa Cobourg peninsula… Croker island28-MBB-ab oidbi* heutbi, oitbi Australia (N.T.)28-MBB-ac bijnalumbo* Australia (N.T.)Australia (N.T.) 228-MBB-ad garig garik, gari, manduwid, ngadalwuli Cobourg peninsula Australia (N.T.) 128-MC28-MCAMARGU chainMARGU net28-MCA-a Margu Croker island Australia (N.T.)` 128-MCA-aa margu ajokoot, jaako, terutong, yaako, yako nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 128-N DJEEBBANA+GUJINGALIA setBURARRAN majority of speakers in most or all communities in thisset are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among youngerspeakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English28-NA DJEEBBANA chain28-NAA DJEEBBANA net28-NAA-a Djeebbana Liverpool-E. river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 228-NAA-aa n-djeebbana ndjebbana, djapena, gidja, gidiya, jibidji, witchi, -navidji, gunavidjicommunity, including: behribmej Maningrida28-NB28-NBANAKARA chainNAKARA netAustralia (N.T.) 228-NBA-a Nakara Boucaut bay Australia (N.T.) 128-NBA-aa nakara kokori, nagara, nakkara nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 128-NC GUJINGALIA+GURAGONE chain28-NCA GUJINGALIA net28-NCA-a Gujingalia jingalia #gu-jingalia=«that of the language» Boucaut-S. bay Australia (N.T.) 228-NCA-aa burarra burada, bureda, burera, barera, bawera, jikai, tchikai Maningrida Australia (N.T.)28-NCA-ab gu-naidbe naidbe, gunardba, kun-nartpi, kun-nardi, an-padi, anbarda, gu'adba,mugali#an-padi =«river-mouth» Cadell… Blyth river-mouthAustralia (N.T.)28-NCA-ac gu-djalavia djalavia, ku-jarlapiyi, gujalabiya Australia (N.T.)28-NCB GURAGONE net28-NCB-a Guragone Mann valley Australia (N.T.) 128-NCB-aa gu-ragone ragone, gurrogone, gorogone, gun-guragone, gungorogone,gunagoragone, gutjertabia nearly extinct28-O WAGEMAN+GUNWINGGU setGUNWINGGUAN majority of speakers in most or all survivingcommunities in this set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especiallyamong younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or EnglishAustralia (N.T.) 128-OA WARAY chain "warayan" ‣perhaps to be classified as a separate set28-OAA WARAY net28-OAA-a Waray Adelaide upper valley Australia (N.T.) 128-OAA-aa waray warrai, arwur, awarai, awarra 4 speakers around 1980 Australia (N.T.) 128-OB WAGEMAN+YANGMANICWARDAMAN chain28-OBA WAGEMAN net28-OBA-a Wageman Pine Creek-S. Australia (N.T.) 128-OBA-aa wage-man wogeman, wagiman, wagaman Australia (N.T.) 1

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 20328-OBBYANGMAN+DAGOMAN netnolgin28-OBB-a Yangman+ Dagoman Daly… Katherine valleys Australia (N.T.) 128-OBB-aa dago-man tagoman, dogeman Daly… Katherine valleys Australia (N.T.)28-OBB-ab yang-man jungman, yungmun, yungmunni, jongman, nolgin Elsey Creek…KatherineAustralia (N.T.) 128-OBC WARDAMAN net28-OBC-a Wardaman Daly upper valley Australia (N.T.) 128-OBC-aa warda-man wadaman, waderman, waduman, warda'man, warduman, wartaman,wardman, wordaman, yibwan, yibiwanAustralia (N.T.) 128-OC DJAUAN chain "djauanic"28-OCA DJAUAN net28-OCA-a Djauan Katherine>NE. Australia (N.T.) 128-OCA-aa djauan jawan, adowen, kumertuo, jawony Australia (N.T.) 128-OD28-ODAGUNWINGGU+ "gunwinggic"KUNBARLANG* chainBOUN+ NGALKBUN binet28-ODA-a Boun Phelp… Rose… Hart headwaters Australia (N.T.) 1*28-ODA-aa boun bouin, buin, buan, buwan Australia (N.T.)28-ODA-b Ngalkbun+ Ngalagan nalabon, bigur Elsey… Roper River Australia (N.T.) 228-ODA-ba ngalk-bun ngalkbon, ngalabon, ngalgbon, njalkpon Australia (N.T.) 228-ODA-bb dala-bon Australia (N.T.)28-ODA-bc ngala-gan ngalakan, ngalangan, nullakun, nullikan, nullikin, hongalla RoperRiver-S.Australia (N.T.)28-ODA-bd gundang-bon dangbon Australia (N.T.)28-ODB GUNWINGGU net28-ODB-a Gunwinggu gunwinghu, gunwingo, gunawitji, kunwinjku, "binin" Australia (N.T.) 228-ODB-aa gumadir goomadeer Goomadeer upper valley… displaced to Oenpelli Australia (N.T.)28-ODB-ab muralid-ban Liverpool valley Australia (N.T.)28-ODB-ac gunei Australia (N.T.)28-ODB-ad gundjeipme Australia (N.T.)28-ODB-ae maiali mayali, naiali, gunmawurrk Tomlinson Creek… displaced toManingridaAustralia (N.T.)28-ODC KUNBARLANG net28-ODC-a Kunbarlang Liverpool-W. river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 128-ODC-aa kunbarlang gunbalang, walang, warlang, gungalang, "gidimarg" Maningridacoast… Croker+ Goulbourn islandsAustralia (N.T.) 128-OE REMBARUNGA chain "rembargic"28-OEA REMBARUNGA net28-OEA-a Rembarunga Mann valley… Cadell+ Wilton headwaters Australia (N.T.) 228-OEA-aa rembarunga rembarranga, rembarrnga, rainbargo, rembarn-ngu, ranjbarngudisplaced to Roper River… Maningrida… Minoru… Mountain ValleyAustralia (N.T.) 228-OF MANGARAYI chain "mangarayic"28-OFA MANGARAYI net28-OFA-a Mangarayi Roper middle+ H. valley Australia (N.T.) 128-OFA-aa mangarayi mungerry, mangarai, manggarai, mungarai Mataranka…Elsey Station Australia (N.T.) 128-OG NGANDI chain "ngandic"28-OGA NGANDI net28-OGA-a Ngandi Wilton upper valley Australia (N.T.) 128-OGA-aa ngandi nagandji Australia (N.T.) 128-OH NUNGGUBUYU chain "nunggubuan"28-OHA NUNGGUBUYU net28-OHA-a Nunggubuyu Rose valley Australia (N.T.) 228-OHA-aa nunggubuyu nunggubuju displaced to Rose River Mission… Bickerton island Australia (N.T.) 228-P ANINDILYAKWA set28-PA ANINDILYAKWAchain28-PAA ANINDILYAKWA net28-PAA-a Anindilyakwa Groote Eylandt island… Rose River Mission majority of speakers arebilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers -in [52=] English28-PAA-aa anindilyakwa andiljangwa, andilyaugwa, enindiljaugwa, ingura, wanindilyaugwa,enindhilyagwa, "groote-eylandt" Groote Eylandt islandAustralia (N.T.) 3Australia (N.T.) 3

page 204 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition28-Q ALAWA+ GARYIMARsetmajority of speakers of languages in this set are bilingual, with primaryfluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australiancreole and/or English28-QA ALAWA chain "maran"28-QAA ALAWA net28-QAA-a Alawa Roper River… Hodgson Downs Australia (N.T.) 128-QAA-aa alawa kalawa, allaua, allowiri, kallana, leealowa Australia (N.T.) 128-QBGARYIMAR+WANDARANG chain28-QBA WANDARANG net X28-QBA-a Wandarang Roper river… Australia (N.T.) 028-QBA-aa wandarang wandaran, warndarang, 'nawariyi' extinct submerged < [52=]Australian creole28-QBBGARIYIMAR netXAustralia (N.T.) 028-QBB-a Gariyimar Roper river… Australia (N.T.) 128-QBB-aa mara leelalwarra, leelawarra, mala, marra Roper… Rose valleys Australia (N.T.) 128-QBB-ab jugul yookala, yukul Urapunga Australia (N.T.) 128-R YANYUWA set28-RA YANYUWA chain28-RAA YANYUWA net28-RAA-a Yanyuwa Borroloola… Doomadgee Mission Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 128-RAA-aa yanyuwa yanyula, janjula, anyula, wadiri, yanula, aniula, anula, leeanuwa Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 128-S JINGILI+ WAMBAYAset28-SA JINGILI chain28-SAA JINGILI net28-SAA-a Jingili Ashburton Range massif Australia (N.T.) 128-SAA-aa jingili djingili, jingali, tjingilu, chingalee, djingila, lee, chunguloo, tchingalee,jingulu Newcastle WatersAustralia (N.T.) 128-SB WAMBAYA+NGARNDJI chain28-SBA NGARNDJI net28-SBA-a Ngarndji Ashburton Range massif Australia (N.T.) 128-SBA-aa ngarndji Woods-NE. lake Australia (N.T.) 128-SBB WAMBAYA+GUDANDJI net28-SBB-a Wambaya+ Gudandji Ashburton Range massif… Barkly Tableland-N. plateau Australia (N.T.) 128-SBB-aa wambaya wambaia, wambaja, wombya, umbaia, yumpia Woods-E. lake…Limmen Bight+ McArthur headwatersAustralia (N.T.)28-SBB-ab binbinga binga-binga, leepitbinga McArthur upper valley Australia (N.T.) 128-SBB-ac gudandji kutandji, ngandji, kurandji, anjee, gnanji, goarango, godangee, gurandjiMcArthur headwaters… Anthony LagoonAustralia (N.T.) 128-T GARAWA+ WANJI set GARAWAN28-TA GARAWA+ WANJIchain28-TAA GARAWA+ WANJInet28-TAA-a Garawa+ Wanji Barkly Tableland-C. plateau Australia (N.T.) 228-TAA-aa garawa karawa, karwa, korrawa, leearrawa Nicholson upper… McArthurupper valleys28-TAA-ab wanji wainyi, waanyi Nicholson upper… Lawn Hill Creek upper valleys…AlexandriaAustralia (N.T.) 2Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 128-U MINGIN set X28-UA MINGIN chain X28-UAA MINGIN net X28-UAA-a Mingin Albert valley Australia (Queensland) 028-UAA-aa mingin minkin, minikin, myngeen Burketown-S. Australia (Queensland) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 20529= TRANS-AUSTRALIAgeozonecovers the "Transaustralia" reference area, composed of the"Pama-Nyungan" hypothesis (sets 29-A to 29-X, within thewider "Australian" hypothesis) plus the "Tasmanian" notionalset of extinct languages (29-Y); together comprising a total of25 sets of languages (213 outer languages) spoken orformerly spoken by small hunter-gatherer communities,originally occupying the whole of Australia and Tasmania(except the far-north, covered by geozone 28=):29-A DJAMBARR+ DJINANG 29-B WARLPIRI+ PITJANTJA29-C ARABANA+ YARLI 29-D MURUWARI29-E BAAGANDJI+ MARAWARA* 29-F NGARINYERI+ YITHAYITHA29-G WUURONG+ KOLAKNGAT 29-H NULIT+ THANG29-I DHUDOROA 29-J PALLANGAN-MIDDANG29-K YOTA+ YABULA 29-L WIRADHURI+ GAMILA29-M THAWA+ WORIMI 29-N GUMBAYNGGIR+ YAYGIR29-O BANDJALANG+ YUGUM 29-P YAGARA+GOWAR29-Q WAGA+ GABI 29-R MARGANY+ MUNGKAN29-S GALIBAMU 29-T LARDIL+ JAKULA29-U KALKUTUNG+ YALARNNGA 29-V WAGAYA+ WARLUWARA29-W WARUMUNGU 29-X ARANDA+ GAIDIDJ29-Y MARRAWAH+ KAOOTA*The scantily documented languages of Tasmania (29-Y) wereeffectively extinct before 1900, and this set is thereforeexcluded from totals of languages spoken during the 20 th cent.The Australian mainland languages covered by phylozone 29=(sets 29-A to 29-X) account for approximately one third of allouter languages which have become extinct throughout theworld during the 20th century. This destruction of indigenousspeech-communities has resulted from the occupation andethnic-clearance of their traditional space, primarily by seabornespeakers of [52=] English.Traditional speech communities in Australia were alwayssmall, and only 14 among 298 surviving outer-languages inzones 28= and 29= (marked in column 2) are likely to havetotalled 1,000 or more voices each in the year 1999. Theintensified study, development and teaching of thoselanguages would appear to be an educational, scientific andcultural priority in the 21 st century.Most surviving speech-communities of this zone are bilingual,with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in[52=] Australian creole and/or English.Australia(Northern Territory =N.T.;Western Australia =W.A.;South Australia =S.A.;New South Wales =N.S.W.;Australian Capital Territory =A.C.T.;Victoria; Queensland; Tasmania)429-A DJAMBARR+DJINANG setyuulngu, wulamba, murngin #suffix -bingu, -bwingu, -buyngu, -pingu, -puyngo, etc. =«people, community»29-AA DJAMBARR+DJINANG chainseveral speech-communities comprise two "moieties" or "halfcommunities",speaking different but closely related languages29-AAA DJINBA+ GANAL net29-AAA-a Djinba+ Ganal Australia (N.T.) 129-AAA-aa djinba jinba, jimba, outjanbah Goyder upper valley Australia (N.T.) 129-AAA-aaa garumba garumba clan (N.T.) 129-AAA-aab gurgamarabia kurkamarabia clan (N.T.) 129-AAA-ab ganal-bingu ganal-bwingu, ganal-buyngu, gunal-bwingo Milingimbi… Mirrngadja#ganal-bingu =«cane-community»Australia (N.T.) 129-AAA-ac dabi Australia (N.T.) 129-AAA-ad mandjal-pingu Australia (N.T.)29-AAB DJINANG+MANYARRING net29-AAB-a Djinang+ Manyarring Ramingining… Goyder… Blyth valleys Australia (N.T.) 229-AAB-aa djinang jinang, djinhang, jandijinung, yandjinang Goyder… Blyth valleys Australia (N.T.)29-AAB-aaa gurgamul-mul kurgamul-mul clan (N.T.)29-AAB-aab mildjingi mildjingi clan (N.T.)29-AAB-ab djadiwitjibi jadiwitjibi Australia (N.T.)29-AAB-ac wulaki Australia (N.T.)29-AAB-ad balurbi Australia (N.T.)29-AAB-ae murrungun Australia (N.T.)29-AAB-af manyarring Australia (N.T.)

page 206 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-AACJARNANGO net29-AAC-a Jarnango Crocodile-W. islands… Maningrida+ Milingimbi Australia (N.T.) 129-AAC-aa jarnango-A. jarnango "proper", yan-nhangu, nangu, yanangu #yan-nhangu=«language this»Australia (N.T.)29-AAC-ab garmalangga kamalanga, kumalungga, kokolango, kokolanga-mala Australia (N.T.)29-AAC-ac gurjindi Australia (N.T.)29-AAD DHANGU+ DJANGUnet29-AAD-a Dhangu dangu, dhangu'mi Elcho island bilingual < [29=] Djambarr-puyngu Australia (N.T.) 229-AAD-aa galpu gaalpu, galbu, kalbu language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)29-AAD-ab wan'guri wangurri, wonguri language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)29-AAD-ac ngaymil ngeimil, negeimil, ngayimil language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)29-AAD-ad golumala gulumala, gujula, gwola, gwolamala, gwiyula language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)29-AAD-b Ngatang-Thundami Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 1*29-AAD-ba rirratjingu riraidjango language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)29-AAD-bb lamami language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)29-AAD-c Djangu jangu Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 129-AAD-ca warra-miri language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)29-AAD-cb mandatja manatja, manaidja language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 129-AAE DJAMBARR+ GUPA* 'dhuwal+ dhuwala' ‣component idioms and extinct idioms to be reassessednet(to a total of up to 45)29-AAE-a Gupa+ Gumatj 'dhuwala' language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 329-AAE-aa gupa-puyngu 'dhuwala'-W. Milingimbi… Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 3*29-AAE-aaa gupa-puyngu-A. goba-bingo, guba-bwingu Milingimbi… Elcho island (N.T.) 229-AAE-aab gwijamil guya-mirri-lili, kwiyamil Elcho island (N.T.)29-AAE-aac munyuku (N.T.)29-AAE-aad walangu (N.T.)29-AAE-ab wubulkarra 'dhuwala'-N., wobulgarra, obulgara Howard island Australia (N.T.) 029-AAE-ac gumatj 'dhuwala'-E. Australia (N.T.)29-AAE-aca gumatj-A. gomadj, gumait, gumaj, kainyo, kumait, kumatj (N.T.) 229-AAE-acb manga-lili mangga-lili (N.T.)29-AAE-acc mugarganal-miri makarr-wanhal-mirri Yirrkala (N.T.)29-AAE-ad madarrpa 'dhuwala'-S. Australia (N.T.)29-AAE-b Djambarr+ Datiwuy 'dhuwal' language of moiety "2" Elcho island… Roper River Australia (N.T.) 329-AAE-ba djambarr-puyngu 'dhuwal'-W. Australia (N.T.) 329-AAE-baa djambarr-puyngu-A. djambarr-puyngu "proper", jambarr-puyngu, djambar-bwingu, jambapuing,jamba-puingo Elcho island(N.T.) 229-AAE-bab djambarr-puyngu-V. "vehicular" djambarr-puyngu (N.T.) 329-AAE-bac liyagawu-mirr liagojo-mir, leyagawu-mirr clan Elcho island (N.T.)29-AAE-bad liyagalawu-mirr liagalawu-mirr, leyagalawu-mirr clan Milingimbi (N.T.) 229-AAE-bb marrangu 'dhuwal'-N., marangu Elcho island Australia (N.T.)29-AAE-bc datiwuy 'dhuwal'-E., dadiwi Elcho island Australia (N.T.)29-AAE-bd dhuwal-S. 'dhuwal'-S. Australia (N.T.) 229-AAE-bda dhuwal-A. dhuwal "proper", duala, dual, wulamba, (N.T.)29-AAE-bdb marrakulu (N.T.)29-AAE-bdc djapu (N.T.)29-AAE-bdd dha-puyngu daboingu (N.T.)29-AAFDHAY'YI net29-AAF-a Dhay'yi dayi, dha'i, dai, taii Roper River-N. Australia (N.T.) 229-AAF-aa dhalwangu dalwangu language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.)29-AAF-ab djarrwark djarlwag, djawak language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)29-AAGDHIYAKUY net29-AAG-a Dhiyakuy Australia (N.T.) 229-AAG-aa ritarungo ritarnugu, ritharngu, ritharrngu, ridarngo language of moiety "2"Goyder Walker headwatersAustralia (N.T.)29-AAG-ab wagelak wawilag, wagilak language of moiety "2" Rose valley Australia (N.T.)29-AAG-ac manggurra* language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.)29-B WARLPIRI+AUSTRALIAN-SW., pama+ nyungan-SW.PITJANTJA set29-BA WARLPIRI+ NGARDI NGARGAchain29-BAA WARLPIRI+ NGARDInet29-BAA-a Warlpiri Yuendumu… Lajamanu Australia (N.T.) 329-BAA-aa warl-piri walbiri, elpira, ilpara, wailbri, walpiri, wolperi Australia (N.T.) 3

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 20729-BAA-b Warlmanpa Leichardt mountain Australia (N.T.) 129-BAA-ba warl-manpa walmala, walmanba Australia (N.T.) 129-BAA-c Ngardi Haast Bluff Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1*29-BAA-ca ngardi Australia (N.T.; W.A.)29-BAA-d Ngalia-N. Stuart Bluff Range mountains ‣distinct from [29=] Ngalia-S. Australia (N.T.) 1*29-BAA-da ngalia-N. Australia (N.T.)29-BB WALMATJARRI+ NGUMBINGURINDJI chain29-BBA MUDBURA net29-BBA-a Mudbura Victoria upper river-basin… Barkly Tablelands plateau Australia (N.T.) 129-BBA-aa mudbura mudburra Australia (N.T.) 129-BBB NGARINMAN+BILINARA net29-BBB-a Ngarinman Victoria upper valley Australia (N.T.) 229-BBB-aa ngarinman airiman, hainman, ngaiman, ngrarmun Jasper Creek Australia (N.T.) 229-BBB-b Bilinara* bunara, bulinara, plinara, bijanara Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 1*29-BBB-ba bilinara-N. Moray Range mountains Australia (N.T.)29-BBB-bb bilinara-S. Sturt Creek… Gregory lake Australia (W.A.)29-BBCGURINDJI+MALNGIN net29-BBC-a Gurindji gurinjiVictoria upper valley… Wave Hill Australia (N.T.) 229-BBC-aa gurindji-E. Australia (N.T.)29-BBC-ab gurindji-W. Australia (N.T.)29-BBC-b Malngin Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1*29-BBC-ba malngin Argyle lake >SE. Australia (N.T.; W.A.)29-BBC-c Wanyjirra Australia (N.T.) 1*29-BBC-ca wanyjirra Hooker Creek>NW. Australia (N.T.)29-BBD DJARU+ NYININY net29-BBD-a Djaru Kimberley-S. plateau Australia (W.A.) 229-BBD-aa djaru-A. jaru, jaroo, tjaru Hall's Creek… Ringer's Soak Australia (W.A.) 229-BBD-ab nyininy nyiniñ Fitzroy… Margaret… Ord valleys Australia (W.A.)29-BBE WALMATJARRI net29-BBE-a Wal-Matjarri Fitzroy valley… Gregory lake Australia (W.A.) 329-BBE-aa wal-matjarri-A. walmajarri, walmatjari, walmatjiri, walmajiri, wolmeri, wulumari Australia (W.A.) 329-BBE-ab djuwarliny juwarliny, juwaliny, tjiwarliñ, wal-majarri-W. Australia (W.A.)29-BC NYANGUMARTA+ MAMGUMANGALA chain29-BCA NYANGUMARTA+MANGALA net29-BCA-a Mangala Edgar Range mountains… Jurgurra Creek valley Australia (W.A.) 129-BCA-aa mangala mangalaa, mangarla, manala, minala, djawali, djuwali, jiwali, koalgurdi, Australia (W.A.) 1yalmbau29-BCA-b Karajeri Roebuck bay… Edgar Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 129-BCA-ba karajeri karadjeri, karajarri, karrajarra, garadjiri, garadyari, guradjara, gard'are Australia (W.A.) 129-BCA-c Nyangumarta nyangumarda, nyangumata Port Hedland… Marble Bar; Keraudren Australia (W.A.) 2cape… Eighty Mile Beach coast: Anna Plains29-BCA-ca nyangumarta nyangumarda, nyangumata Australia (W.A.) 229-BD NGARLA+BAYUNGU chain29-BDA NGARLA+ NYAMAL part of "inland" ngayardanet29-BDA-a Ngarla De Grey river-mouth Australia (W.A.) 129-BDA-aa ngarla ngarla-N., gnalla, ngirla, wanbarda Australia (W.A.) 129-BDA-b Nyamal De Grey river-mouth… Shaw+ Nullagine headwaters Australia (W.A.) 129-BDA-ba nyamal gnamo, namel, njamal, njamarl, nyamel Australia (W.A.) 129-BDA-c Panytyima Tom Price-E. Australia (W.A.) 129-BDA-ca panytyima pandjima-N., bandjima, panjima, panyjima, banjima Australia (W.A.) 129-BDA-d Ngarla-Wangga Opthalmia Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 1*29-BDA-da ngarla-wangga pandjima-S., ngarla-S. Australia (W.A.)29-BDBNGARLUMA+NHUWALA net"coastal" ngayarda, ngayarda-W.29-BDB-a Kariyarra Turner… Yule valleys Australia (W.A.) 029-BDB-aa kariyarra kariera, karriara, gariera Port Hedland-SW. Australia (W.A.) 029-BDB-b Ngarluma Roebourne-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 129-BDB-ba ngarluma ngaluma, gnalouma, gnalluma, ngallooma Australia (W.A.) 1X

page 208 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-BDB-c Martuyhunira Dampier-SW. coast Australia (W.A.) 129-BDB-ca martuyhunira mardudunera, maratunia Fortescue river-mouth… Cane valley Australia (W.A.) 129-BDB-d Nhuwala Barrow Monte Bello islands; Onslow coast: Ashburton+ Cane rivermouths…Australia (W.A.) 1Parry Rangemountains29-BDB-da nhuwala noala, ngoala Australia (W.A.) 129-BDC YINDJIBARNDI+ part of "inland" ngayarda, ngayarda-C.KURRAMA net29-BDC-a Yindjibarndi Roebourne-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 229-BDC-aa yindjibarndi jindjibandi, injibandi, ingibandi Fortescue… Yule valleys Australia (W.A.) 229-BDC-b Kurrama Fortescue valley: Millstream upstream Australia (W.A.) 129-BDC-ba kurrama kurama, gurama, karama, korama Pannawonica-SE. Australia (W.A.) 129-BDC-c Tjurruru Tom Price-SW Australia (W.A.) 029-BDC-ca tjurruru tjuroro Hardey valley Australia (W.A.) 029-BDC-d Yinhawangga Hammersley Range-S. mountains Australia (W.A.) 1*29-BDC-da yinha-wangga yina-wongga Australia (W.A.)29-BDD BAYUNGU+ JIWARLI KANYARAnet29-BDD-a Dhalandji Exmouth Gulf bay… Ashburton middle valley Australia (W.A.) 129-BDD-aa dhalandji talandji, dalandji, dalendi, djalendi, tallainga, talandi, talaindji, talangee Australia (W.A.) 129-BDD-b Bayungu Lyndon lower… Minilya valleys Australia (W.A.) 129-BDD-ba bayungu baiong, baiung, bajungu, giong, mulgarnoo, pajungu Australia (W.A.) 129-BDD-c Burduna Henry… Lyndon upper valleys Australia (W.A.) 129-BDD-ca burduna buduna, boordoona, budina, budoona, purduna, pinnee-gooroo, Australia (W.A.) 1poodena, poordoona, purduma29-BDD-d Pinigura Duck Creek valley Australia (W.A.) 129-BDD-da pinigura binigura Australia (W.A.) 129-BDD-e Thargari part of manthartha, mantharda Kennedy Range mountains: Lyons Australia (W.A.) 1lower… Minilya upper valleys29-BDD-ea thargari dhargari, dargari, dal'gari, targari, tarkarri Australia (W.A.)29-BDD-f Thiinma part of manthartha, mantharda Kennedy Range mountains: Henryheadwaters… Frederick valley29-BDD-fa thiin-ma dhiin, denma, tenma, teenma Australia (W.A.)29-BDD-g Jiwarli part of manthartha, mantharda Capricorn Range-N. mountains:Ashburton middle valley… Hardey valley29-BDD-ga jiwarli djiwarli, djwarli, djiwali, tjiwarli, guwari, jivali, jwarli, juwali, kuwari Australia (W.A.)29-BDD-h Wari-Wonga part of manthartha, mantharda Mount Augustus-SE. mountain:Lyonsupper… Gascoyne middle valleysAustralia (W.A.) 1*Australia (W.A.) 1*Australia (W.A.) 029-BDD-ha wari-wonga wari-yangga, warriyangka, warienga Australia (W.A.) 029-BE YINGGARDA+ KARDUNHANDA chain29-BEA YINGGARDA+NHANDA net29-BEA-a Yinggarda+ Malgana* SHARK-BAY Shark Bay bay Australia (W.A.) 129-BEA-aa maya maia, maja, miah Minilya… Gascogne valleys Australia (W.A.) 029-BEA-ab yinggarda inggarda, ingara, ingarda, ingarra, ingarrah, inparra, jinggarda,kakarakala Gascogne… Wooramel valleysAustralia (W.A.) 129-BEA-ac malgana maljanna, maldjana, malkana Wooramel lower valley… Hamelin Pool Australia (W.A.) 129-BEA-ad buluguda Peron peninsula Australia (W.A.) 029-BEA-ae tamala Edel Land peninsula Australia (W.A.) 029-BEA-b Nhanda+ Watjandi* MURCHISON Murchison valley Australia (W.A.) 029-BEA-ba watjandi wadjandi, watjanmay, opee Murchison-N. river-mouth Australia (W.A.) 029-BEA-bb nhanda nanda; eau, eaw, jaw, nanda-tharia, ngoogooja Murchison left-bank Australia (W.A.) 029-BEA-bc bulinya Murchison-S. valley Australia (W.A.) 029-BF NYUNGA+ WATJARIchain29-BFA WATJARI+ BADIMAYnet29-BFA-a Watjari+ Badimay Mount Magnet Australia (W.A.) 129-BFA-aa watjari watjarri, wadjari, wadjeri, jaburu, waian-wanga, yabbaroo Murchison-S. valley…; displaced to MullewaAustralia (W.A.) 129-BFA-ab wirdi-may* Mount Magnet-W. Australia (W.A.) 029-BFA-ac badi-may badi, bardi-maya, padi-maia, pati-may, puditjarra Mount Magnet…Yalgoo… Payne's FindAustralia (W.A.) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 20929-BFB NYUNGA net X29-BFB-a Nyunga nyungar, noonga, noongar submerged < [52=] Neo-NyungaAustralia (W.A.) 0Dongara+ Esperance29-BFB-aa pipel-man pipel-men, meera-man, people-man Perth-S. Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-ab nanakarti nanakati Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-ac watjan-may watjan Deborah lakes Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-ad tjapan-may tjapan Cowcowing lakes Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-ae karla-may karla Barker… Percy lakes Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-af ngatju-may ngatju Hope lake Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-ag kwetj-man Magenta lake Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-ah mirnong Pallinuo valley Australia (W.A.) 029-BFB-ai kaniyang Blackwood valley Australia (W.A.) 029-BFC KALARKO+MIRNING net29-BFC-a Kalarko+ Wudjari 129-BFC-aa kalarko malpa, malba, galaagu, kalako, kalakul, kalaku Bremer Range…Fraser Range mountains.29-BFC-ab ngadjun-maya badonjunga, bardojunga, ngadju, ngadjunmaia, ngadjumaja,ngatjumay, tchaakalaaga Fraser Range+ Russell Rangemountains… Naretha+ Eyre's Sand PatchAustralia (W.A.) 0Australia (W.A.) 129-BFC-ac wudjari Esperance Australia (W.A.) 029-BFC-b Mirning Eucla… Nullabor plain Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 029-BFC-ba mirning mirniny, baaduk, ikala, ikula, jurgula, wanbiri, wanmaraing, wonundamirnug,yircla, yirola, yoongarAustralia (W.A.; S.A.) 029-BG PITJANTJA+ MARTU WESTERN-DESERT, watichain29-BGA PITJANTJA+wati-C.NGAANYA* net29-BGA-a Murunitja Nullabor-N.W. plain Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-aa murunitja Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-b Pintiini+ Wanggayi Nullabor-N.W. plain… Leonora Australia (W.A.) 229-BGA-ba pintiini Leonora… Australia (W.A.) 229-BGA-bb wanggayi wangada, wanggaji, wangkatja, wonga, wongai-i, wonggaii Carey Australia (W.A.) 0lake29-BGA-c Mardu Rebecca… Yindarlgooda lakes Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-ca mardu-djara mardu, madu-wongga, mardo-wanga, jindi Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-d Ngurlu Ballard… Raeside lakes Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-da ngurlu nanu Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-e Guwara Darlot lake Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-ea guwara Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-f Piniri Three Rivers Australia (W.A.) 129-BGA-fa piniri-tjara piniri, piniritjara, pirniritjara, pini, bini, birni Australia (W.A.) 129-BGA-g Budi Kimberley Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-ga budi-djara budi, puditara, pututjara, purditjara Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-h Ngaanya+ Djalga* djalga Brassey Range… Warburton Range… Virginia Range Australia (W.A.) 3mountains29-BGA-ha giya-djara giya Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-hb nana-djara nana, naanatjarra Three Rivers… Warburton Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-hc ngaadja-djara ngaadja- Warburton Range-N. mountains Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-hd djalga-djara djalga, baduwanga, barduwanga, tjalkadjara, tjalgandi WarburtonRange-W. mountains29-BGA-he mandjindja-djara mandjindja, mandjindjara, manjinji, manjinjiwonga, mangulaWarburton Range-SW. mountainsAustralia (W.A.) 0Australia (W.A.) 029-BGA-hf ngaanya-tjara nyanganyatjara, nyanganya, nangatatjara, nanggaranggu, ngaayatjara, Australia (W.A.) 3ngaanya-tjarra Virginia Range mountains… Yeo lake… WarburtonRange mountains29-BGA-i Ngalia+ Nakako* Serpentine lakes Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 029-BGA-ia ngalia-S. ‣distinct from [29=] Ngalia-N. Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 029-BGA-ib nakako* Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 029-BGA-j Yankunta+ Wirdjara Musgrave Range… Everard Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 229-BGA-ja yankunta-tjara yankunta, yankunytjatjara, jangkundjara, jankundjadjara,kulbandjatjarra Musgrave Range… Everard Range mountainsAustralia (N.T.) 229-BGA-jb kulbandja-tjarra kulbandja, kulban-tjarra, kulpantja Musgrave Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 029-BGA-jc wirdjara-gandja wirdjara, wirtjapokandja Musgrave Range-S. mountains> Australia (S.A.) 029-BGA-k Pitjantja Petermann Range… Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 329-BGA-ka pitjantja-tjara Petermann Range… Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 329-BGA-kb pitjantja-V. "vehicular" pitjantja Petermann Range… Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 329-BGA-kc kukatja kukaja, gugadja, gogoda, kukata Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 0

page 210 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-BGA-l Yumu Australia (N.T.) 029-BGA-la yumu jumu Australia (N.T.) 029-BGB BIDUNGU net part of "peripheral" wati X29-BGB-a Bidungu Robinson Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 029-BGB-aa bidungu Australia (W.A.) 029-BGC NIJADALI net part of "peripheral" wati29-BGC-a Nijadali Robertson Range-NW. mountains Australia (W.A.) 129-BGC-aa nijadali-A. njijapali, nyiyabali displaced to Marble Bar Australia (W.A.) 129-BGC-ab balygu bailko, paljgu, balgu Australia (W.A.) 129-BGC-ac jauna Australia (W.A.) 029-BGD WANMAN net part of "peripheral" wati29-BGD-a Wanman Dora… Blanche lakes Australia (W.A.) 229-BGD-aa wanman warnman Australia (W.A.) 229-BGE MARTU net part of "peripheral" wati29-BGE-a Martu martu-wangka, including yulparitja, yilparitja, yulbaridjaDisappointment-W. lake #yulparitja = «southern»Australia (W.A.) 229-BGE-aa manyjily-jara mantjiltjara, mandjildjara Australia (W.A.) 229-BGE-ab kartu-jarra kartutjara, kardutjara, kadaddjara, kardutjarra, kiadjara, gardudjara,gagudjaraAustralia (W.A.) 229-BGE-ac pudi-tara budidjara, putujara Australia (W.A.) 029-BGE-ad wangka-junga wangkajungka Australia (W.A.) 229-BGE-ae nanga-tara Australia (W.A.) 029-BGE-af ilda-wongga Australia (W.A.) 029-BGF GUGADJA net part of "peripheral" wati29-BGF-a Gugadja Balgo Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 229-BGF-aa gugadja-wati Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 229-BGG PINTUPI+ LURITJA part of "peripheral" watinet29-BGG-a Pintupi+ Luritja Kintore Range… Balgo Hill mountains Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 229-BGG-aa pintupi pintubi, binddibu Australia (W.A.; N.T.)29-BGG-ab luritja Kintore Range… Balgo Hill mountains Australia (W.A.; N.T.)29-BGH ANTAKARINYA net part of "peripheral" wati29-BGH-a Antakarinya Australia (S.A.) 129-BGH-aa antakarinya andagarinya Australia (S.A.) 129-BGI KOKATA net part of "peripheral" wati29-BGI-a Kokata Stuart Range-SW.… Coober Pedy… railway-line Australia (S.A.) 129-BGI-aa kokata gugada, kokitta, koocatho, koogurda, kokatha, kugurda, kukata,madutara, maduwonga, wanggamadu, wongamarduAustralia (S.A.) 129-BGJ WIRANGU net part of "peripheral" wati29-BGJ-a Wirangu Head of Bight bay: Ooldea… Streaky Bay bay Australia (S.A.) 129-BGJ-aa wirangu njangga, nyangga, warrangoo, wirongu, wironguwongga, wirrung,wirrungaAustralia (S.A.) 129-BH GUYANI+yuraNARUNGGA chain29-BHA GUYANI+BANGGARLA* net29-BHA-a Guyani Flinders Range-W. mountains Australia (S.A.) 029-BHA-aa guyani kuyani, gujani, kijani, kiyani, kwiani, koonarie Torrents-N. lake Australia (S.A.) 029-BHA-b Adynyamathanha Flinders Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 129-BHA-ba adynyamathanha-A. ad'n'amadana, anjimatana, anjiwatana, archualda, benbakanjamata,binbarnja, gadjnjamada, jandali, kanjimata, keydnjmarda, mardala,nimalda, nuralda, unyamootha, umbertana Flinders RangemountainsAustralia (S.A.) 129-BHA-bb wailpi wailbi, waljbi, wipie Flinders Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 129-BHA-c Banggarla Eyre peninsula Australia (S.A.) 029-BHA-ca banggarla bangala, banggala, bahanga-la, bungeha, bungela, pangkala, pakarla, Australia (S.A.) 0pankalla, parnkala, parnkalla, punkalla, kortabina Port Lincoln… PortAugusta29-BHA-d Nawu battara, growoo, nawo, njao, njau Eyre-S. peninsula Australia (S.A.) 029-BHA-da nawu battara, growoo, nawo, njao, njau Australia (S.A.) 029-BHBNUGUNU+NGADJURI * netincluding kaurna (extinct before 1850)29-BHB-a Nugunu Flinders Range-S. mountains Australia (S.A.) 029-BHB-aa nugunu-A. nukuna, doora, njuguna, nokunna, noocoona, nookoona, nuguna,nukana, nukunnu, nukunu, pukunna, tjura, tyura, wallaroo, warra,wongaidya Port PirieAustralia (S.A.) 029-BHB-ab kaurna extinct before 1850 Australia (S.A.) •

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 21129-BHB-b Ngadjuri Orroroo… Robertstown Australia (S.A.) 029-BHB-ba ngadjuri aluri, eura, manu, manuley, ngadhuri, ngarluri, werra, wiramaya, wirra Australia (S.A.) 029-BHC NARUNGGA net X29-BHC-a Narungga Yorke-S. peninsula Australia (S.A.) 029-BHC-aa narungga-A. narangga, nanunga, naranga, narranga, narranggu, narrangu Australia (S.A.) 029-BHC-ab adjabdurah adjahdurah Australia (S.A.) 029-BHC-ac turra Australia (S.A.) 029-C ARABANA+ YARLI KARNICset29-CA ARABANA+ PALKU*chain29-CAA ARABANA+ NGURU "arabanic"net29-CAA-a Arabana+ Nguru Eyre… Mirranponga-Pongunna lakes Australia (S.A.; N.T.) 129-CAA-aa wang-arabana arabuna, arapani, ngarabana, rabuna, urabuna Eyre lake… StuartRange mountainsAustralia (S.A.) 129-CAA-ab wonga-djaga Kallakoopa Creek Australia (S.A.) 029-CAA-ac wangga-nguru wongkanguru, ongkonguru, wangkanguru, wonkaoora Mirranponga- Australia (N.T.) 1Pongunna lake29-CAB PALKU net X29-CAB-a Palku wangga-kadjera, wongga-djara, wongga-itjera, wongga-jidjera, wonkaitjuru,wangga-yudyuru Field lower… Hay lower… Diamantina valleysAustralia (N.T.; Queensland) 029-CAB-aa wangga-mala Field lower… Hay lower valleys Australia (N.T.) 029-CAB-ab lhanima lanima Eyre+ Mulligan valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-ac gunggalanya gungalanya, kungkalenya, gunngalanja Sandringham-S. Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-ad yurla-yurlanya yoolanlanya, ulaolinya, ulaolinja Boulia-SW. Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 029-CAB-ae rangwa Pituri+ Georgina confluence upstream Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-af bidha-bidha pita-pita, pitta-pitta, bida-bida Boulia Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-ag ringu-ringu oringaroo, ringa Herbert… Roxborough Downs Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-ah ragaya rakkia, raggaja, rukkia Coorabulka… Springvale Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-ai ngurlubulu ngulubulu, ooloopooloo Cluny Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-aj garanya karanya, kurrana, muralula Cluny Australia (Queensland) 029-CAB-ak mayawarli majali, mayuli, majawali, majuli, miorli Diamantina… Mayne valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-CB DIERI+ GARUWALI karna+ diyarichain29-CBA GARUWALI+XMIDHAGA net29-CBA-a Midhaga Diamantina… Cooper's Creek valleys Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 029-CBA-aa midhaga-A. mitaka, mithuka Monkira… Currawilla… Haddon Downs Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 029-CBA-ab marrula marala, maranada, murunuda Betoota-S. Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 029-CBA-b Garuwali Windorah Australia (Queensland) 029-CBA-ba garuwali karuwali, karawala, karorinje Australia (Queensland) 029-CBB DIERI+ NGAMINI net "dieric"29-CBB-a Yarluyandi Birdsville-W. Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 029-CBB-aa yarluyandi jeljendi, jeljujendi, yelyayendi Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 029-CBB-b Ngamini Warburton Creek valley… Howitt lake… Goyder lake Australia (S.A.) 029-CBB-ba ngamini agaminni, ngameni, gnameni, ominee Australia (S.A.) 029-CBB-c Yawara+ Yandru Cooper Creek valley: Innamincka Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 029-CBB-ca yawara-warga jauraworka, yerawaka, yarrawurka, jawaraworga Cooper Creekvalley: Yamma-Yamma lakeAustralia (S.A.; Queensland) 029-CBB-cb yandru-wandha jandruwanta, gandruwanda, yandra-wandra Cooper Creek-S. valley: Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 0Moomba29-CBB-d Dieri+ Dirari Leigh lower… Warburton valleys Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 129-CBB-da dieri diyari, diari, dyeri, dijari, tirari Gregory+ Howitt lakes Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 129-CBB-db dirari North Eyre-E. lake Australia (S.A.) 029-CBB-e Biladaba Blanche… Callabonna lakes Australia (S.A.) 029-CBB-ea biladaba pilatapa, berluppa, pulladapa Australia (S.A.) 029-CC29-CCANGURA chainNGURA net29-CCA-a Ngura Cooper Creek valley… Yamma-Yamma lake… Bulloo valley Australia (Queensland) 129-CCA-aa ngurawarla ngurawola Arrabury… Durham Downs Australia (Queensland) 029-CCA-ab garandala karendala, garendala, kunandaburi, kurnandaburi McGregor Rangemountains… Cooper Creek lower valleyAustralia (Queensland) 029-CCA-ac yarumarra Wilson headwaters Australia (Queensland) 029-CCA-ad wongkumara wangkumara, wangumarra Australia (Queensland) 129-CCA-ae punthamara bundhamara Wilson valley Australia (Queensland) 0

page 212 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-CCA-af kalali garlali, galali, kullali Bulloo valley Australia (Queensland) 029-CCA-ag badjiri baderi, badjari, byjerri Paroo middlevalley… Warrego middle valley:CunnamullaAustralia (Queensland) 029-CCA-ah dhiraila tereila, diraila, thiralla Grey Range-N. mountains: Nockatunga Australia (Queensland) 029-CCA-ai bidjara bitjara Grey Range mountains… Bulloo lake Australia (Queensland) 029-CCA-aj mambangura ngandangara, ngandanguru Tennappera Australia (Queensland) 029-CCA-ak mingbari mingabari Tiboobura-E. Australia (N.S.W.) 029-CD YARLI chain X29-CDA YARLI net X29-CDA-a Yarli Grey Range-S. mountains… Frome Downs Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland;S.A.)29-CDA-aa wadigali wadikali Tiboobura-W. Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland;S.A.)29-CDA-ab malyangaba maljangapa, mulyanapa, multyerra, nalyanapa Frome-E. lake Australia (N.S.W.; S.A.) 029-CDA-ac yardliwarra Frome-SW. lake Australia (N.S.W.; S.A.) 029-D MURUWARI set X29-DA MURUWARI chain X29-DAA MURUWARI net X29-DAA-a Muruwari murawari, marawari, 'yacko-yacko' Culgoa+ Neabul valleys: Bollon… Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0Bourke29-DAA-aa gunga-guri Cunnamulla-S.E. Australia (Queensland) 029-DAA-ab gunda-guri Bollon-S. Australia (Queensland) 029-DAA-ac buru-guri baderugali Enngonia Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 029-DAA-ad dhindundu Weilmoringle-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 029-DAA-ae nundu-guri Bourke-N. Australia (N.S.W.) 029-E BAAGANDJI+MARAWARA* set29-EA BAAGANDJI+XMARAWARA chain29-EAA BAAGANDJI+ "wider" baagandjiXBANDJI net29-EAA-a Bandji+ Baarundji baagandji-N. Cook Range mountains… Darling upper valley Australia (N.S.W.) 029-EAA-aa bandji-gali bandjagali, bandjugali White Cliffs… Cook Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 029-EAA-ab wanyu-barlgu wandjiwalku, wanjiwalku, wanjwalgu, wonjimalko, wonipalku WhiteCliffs… Milparinka00XAustralia (N.S.W.) 029-EAA-ac na-barlgu mailpurlgu, nawalgu, unelgo Darling… Paroo lower valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 029-EAA-ad baarundji parundji, barinji, paruindi Paroo lower… Warrego valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Queenslandadjacent)29-EAA-ae gurnu guerno, gunu, kuno, kula, kurnu Darling valley: Louth+ Bourke… Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland 0Warrego lower valleyadjacent)29-EAA-b Baagandji+ Wilja Benda Range mountains… Darling lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 129-EAA-ba baagandji baagandji-N., darling, baagandji "proper", bagundji, bagandji Darlinglower valley: Wilcannia downstreamAustralia (N.S.W.) 129-EAA-bb wilja-kali wilyagali Darling lower valley: Wilcannia downstream Australia (N.S.W.) 029-EAA-bc wiljali willoo Darling lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 029-EAB MARAWARA* net X29-EAB-a Marawara Murray+ Darling confluence: Darling upstream Australia (N.S.W.) 029-EAB-aa marawara maraura, marewera Wentworth Australia (N.S.W.) 029-F NGARINYERI+YITHAYITHA set29-FA NGARINYERI+YITHAYITHA chain29-FAA NGARINYERI+YITHAYITHA net"ngarinyeric+ yithayithic"29-FAA-a Yitha-Yitha Lachlan+ Murray right-bank: Booligal downstream… Darlingconfluence0XXXAustralia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 029-FAA-aa yitha-yitha jitajita, itaita, ithiithi, tjuop Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria0adjacent)29-FAA-b Keramin Murray left-bank: Euston downstream… Darling confluence Australia (Victor; N.S.W.) 029-FAA-ba keramin kureinji, karin, karingma, gurendji, orangema, pitwa Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.0adjacent)29-FAA-c Yuyu juju, yerre-yerre Murray valley: Victoria lake downstream… Waikerie Australia (S.; Victoria) 029-FAA-ca ngintait inteck, ngintadj Victoria lake>S. Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 029-FAA-cb erawirung jirau, jirawirung, yerraruck, yiran Murray valley: Paringa+ Loxton-S. Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-cc ngawait eritark, nanait, ngawadj, niawoo, nutcha, njawatjurk Murray valley:Loxton29-FAA-cd ngarkat buripung, duwinbarap, mangkarupi, merkani, jakalbarap, ngardad,ngeruketi, wragarite Murray lower valley… MurraytownAustralia (S.A.) 0Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 21329-FAA-d Ngayawung Murray lower valley… Mount Lofty Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-da ngayawung-A. ngaiawang, aiawong, ngaiwung, ngaiyau, nggauaiyowangko Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-db ngangurugu* nganguruku, nkanguru Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-e Peramangk Mount Lofty Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-ea peramangk baramangg, peramarma, marimejuna, meraldi, merildakald,Australia (S.A.) 0wangarainbula29-FAA-f Ngarinyeri narrinyeri Encounter… Lacepede bays Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-fa raminyeri Jervis cape Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-fb warki Strathalbyn Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-fc portawulun Murray Bridge Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-fd yaraldi Meningie Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-fe tanganalun Coorong coast Australia (S.A.) 029-FAA-ff meintaangk Kingston Australia (S.A.) 029-G WUURONG+KOLAKNGAT set29-GA WUURONG+BUNGANDIDJ chainKULINIC"bungandidjic"29-GAA BUNGANDIDJ net X29-GAA-a Bungandidj Glenelg-W. valley Australia (S.A.; Victoria) 029-GAA-aa bungandidj Millicent+ Mount Gambier coast: Naracoorte Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 029-GAB WUURONG net X29-GAB-a Wuurong kuurn-kopan-noot, gurnditjmara, kirurndit, kunditjmara CapeBridgewater-E. coastAustralia (Victoria) 029-GAB-aa chaap-wuurong Heywood Australia (Victoria) 029-GAB-ab kii-wuurong Australia (Victoria) 029-GAB-ac kuurn-kopan-noot Australia (Victoria) 029-GAB-ad peek-whurrong Warrnambool Australia (Victoria) 029-GAB-ae kirrae-wuurong Australia (Victoria) 029-GB WEMBAWEMBAchain29-GBA WEMBAWEMBA net X29-GBA-a Wembawemba+ Murray middle… Glenelg upper valleys Australia (Victoria) 0Yaara29-GBA-aa nari-nari Hay Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ab latji-latji Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ac yari-yari Ouyen Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ad wati-wati Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ae wemba-wemba Swan Hill Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-af bara-parapa Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ag yuga-pulk Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ah warka-warka Hopetoun Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ai wotjobaluk Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-aj yaadwa Stawell Australia (Victoria) 029-GBA-ak yaara Maryborough Australia (Victoria) 029-GC KOLAKNGAT+WUYWURUNG chain29-GCA KOLAKNGAT+XWUYWURUNG net29-GCA-a Kolakngat coligan Colac lakes… Apollo bay Australia (Victoria) 029-GCA-aa kolakngat kolijon Australia (Victoria) 029-GCA-b Wathawurung Ballarat… Torquay coast Australia (Victoria) 029-GCA-ba watha-wurung wathurung Melbourne-W. Australia (Victoria) 029-GCA-c Wuywurung Australia (Victoria) 029-GCA-ca bun-wurung ban-wurung, bunurong Melbourne-SE. Australia (Victoria) 029-GCA-cb wuy-wurung-A. wuy-wurrungMelbourne-N. Australia (Victoria) 029-GCA-cc thaga-wurung Bendigo-E. Australia (Victoria) 029-H NULIT+ THANG set KURNIC X29-HA NULIT+ THANG chain X29-HAA NULIT+ THANG net X29-HAA-a Nulit+ Thang "kurnic", ganay #suffix -lung =«people, community» Wilson's Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0Promontory peninsula… Green cape29-HAA-aa nulit Australia (Victoria) 029-HAA-aaa bratauo-lung tarrawarracka Foster (Victoria) 029-HAA-aab braiakau-lung (Victoria) 029-HAA-aac tatunga-lung Wellington lake (Victoria) 0XXXX

page 214 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-HAA-ab muk-thang brabira-lung, brabra-lung Bairnsdale-N. Australia (Victoria) 029-HAA-ac thang-quai kratauatunga-lung Orbost Australia (Victoria) 029-HAA-ad bidhawal bidawal, bidwelli;Green cape… Everard cape… Delegate Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 029-I DHUDOROA set X29-IA DHUDOROA chain X29-IAA DHUDOROA net X29-IAA-a Dhudoroa Great Dividing Range-C. massif (Victoria; N.S.W.) 029-IAA-aa dhudoroa dhudhuroa, jaithmathang, yaithmathang Mitta… Tambo… Ovensheadwaters(Victoria; N.S.W. adjacent) 029-J PALLANGAN-MIDDANG set29-JA PALLANGAN-XMIDDANG chain29-JAA PALLANGAN-XMIDDANG net29-JAA-a Pallangan-Middang Murray upper valley Australia (Victoria) 029-JAA-aa pallangan-middang banjerang, panderang Tallangatta Australia (Victoria) 029-K YOTA+ YABULA set YOTAYOTIC X29-KA YOTA+ YABULAchainX29-KAA YOTA+ YABULA net ngarimawuru X29-KAA-a Yota-Yota Murray upper valley Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 029-KAA-aa yota-yota joda-joda Cohuna+ Echuca Australia (Victoria) 029-KAA-b Yabula-Yabula Murray upper… Lachlan valleys Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 029-KAA-ba yabula-yabula jabula-jabula, nari-nari Australia (Victoria) 029-L WIRADHURI+GAMILA set29-LA WIRADHURI+GAMILA chainWIRADHURIC29-LAA WIRADHURI net X29-LAA-a Wiradhuri Murray upper valley… Castlereagh+ Macquarie valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 029-LAA-aa wiradhuri wiradjuri, berrembeel, warandgeri, werogery, wiiratheri, wira-athoree,wiraduri, wirajeree, wirashuri, wiratheri, wirracharee, wiraidyuri,wirrai'yarrai, wooragurie, wordjerg29-LAB29-LAB-aWAYILWAN+NGIYAMBAA netWayilwan+Ngiyambaawangaaybuwan+ ngiyambaa Willanora-Billabong valley…Macquarie+ Barwon confluence29-LAB-aa wangaaybuwan wongaibon, wombungee, wongagibun, wonghibon, wonghi, wonjhibonLachlan… Bogan valleys29-LAB-ab ngiyambaa giamba, narran, noongaburrah, ngeumba, ngiamba, ngiumba,ngjamba, ngumbarr Darling middle… Bogan valleysAustralia (N.S.W.; Victoriaadjacent)XXX0XAustralia (N.S.W.) 0Australia (N.S.W.) 0Australia (N.S.W.) 029-LAB-ac wayilwan waljwan Castlereagh… Marthaguy… Macquarie. valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 029-LACGAMILA+ YUWAALInet29-LAC-a Gamila+ Yuwaali kamilaroi, camileroi, gamilaraay, gamilaroi Liverpool plains…Balonne valleyXAustralia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 029-LAC-aa guyinba-raay koinberi, gunjbarai Castlereagh headwaters… Liverpool plains Australia (N.S.W.) 029-LAC-ab gamila-raay Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 029-LAC-aba gamil-raay-S. Namoi upper valley (N.S.W.)29-LAC-abb gamil-raay-N. Barwon… Gwydir valleys (N.S.W.; Queensland)29-LAC-ac yuwaala-raay juwalarai Narran-NE. lake. Australia (N.S.W.) 029-LAC-ad yuwaali-yaay jualjai, yualyai Narran… Bokhara valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 029-LAC-ae gawamba-raay Weir valley Australia; (Queensland; N.S.W.) 029-LAC-af wiriya-raay wiriwiri Gwydir valley Australia (N.S.W.) 029-M THAWA+ WORIMI set "yuin"+ "kuric" X29-MA NGARIGO+"yuin"-W.XNGUNAWAL chain29-MAA NGARIGO+XNGUNAWAL net29-MAA-a Ngarigo ngarigu, narigo, gerego, bemeringal, ngundura Snowy valley GeorgelakeAustralia (N.S.W.; Victoria; A.C.T.) 029-MAA-aa ngarigo-S. Snowy-N. valley Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 029-MAA-ab walgalu ngarigo-W., wolgal, walgulu Snowy mountains… Murray…Murrumbidgee… Tumut headwatersAustralia (N.S.W.) 029-MAA-ac ngarigo-N.* George-S. lake Australia (N.S.W., A.C.T.) 029-MAA-b Ngunawal Queanbeyan… Yass Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MAA-ba ngunawal Australia (N.S.W.) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 21529-MB THAWA chain "yuin"-S. X29-MBA THAWA net X29-MBA-a Thawa Howe cape… Bombala Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 029-MBA-aa thawa thaua, taua, guyangalyuin Eden… Mallacoota Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 029-MCDYRRINGANY+DHURGA chain"yuin"-E.29-MCA DYRRINGANY net X29-MCA-a Dyrringany Bermagui Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MCA-aa dyrringany djiringanj, dyirringan Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MCB DHURGA net X29-MCB-a Dhurga Bermagui… Jervis bay Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MCB-aa dhurga dhu'rga, durga, thoorga Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MD THURAWAL chain "yuin"-N. X29-MDA THURAWAL net X29-MDA-a Thurawal Port Hacking… Shoalhaven valley Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MDA-aa thurawal-A. dharawal, dharawaal, turrubul Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MDA-ab wadiwadi wodiwodi Australia (N.S.W.) 029-ME GUNDUNGURA chain X29-MEA GUNDUNGURA net X29-MEA-a Gundungura Hawkesbury valley Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MEA-aa gundungura gandangara, gundaahmyr Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MFDHARUK+DARKINYUNG chainSYDNEY, iyora29-MFA DHARUK+ IYORA net X29-MFA-a Dharuk+ Iyora Botany bay… Hawkesbury river-mouth… Victoria mountain Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MFA-aa iyora Sydney Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MFA-ab guringgai Sydney-N. Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MFA-ac dharuk daruk, dharug Katoomba… Bathurst Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MFB DARKINYUNG net X29-MFB-a Darkinyung Hawkesbury river-mouth… Hunter Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MFB-aa darkinyung darkinung, darginyung Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGWORIMI+YUGAMBAL chainKURI, "kuric"29-MGA AWABAKAL net X29-MGA-a Awabakal awabagal Lake Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGA-aa awabakal awabagal Lake Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGB WORIMI net gadang X29-MGB-a Worimi Port Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGB-aa worimi kattang, gadhang, gadang Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGC DYANGADI+ NGAGUnet29-MGC-a Dyangadi+ Ngagu Macleay valley Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGC-aa ngagu Macleay lower right-bank Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGC-ab ngambaa Macleay lower left-bank Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGC-ac dyangadi dainggati, boorkutti, burgadi, dangadi, dangati, danggadi, danggetti,ghangatty, tangetti, thangatti, thangatty Macleay middle valleyXXXAustralia (N.S.W.) 029-MGD NGAYAYWANA net X29-MGD-a Nganyaywana Nandewar Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGD-aa nganyaywana Inverell-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 029-MGE YUGAMBAL net X29-MGE-a Yugambal Dumaresq river-basin Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 029-MGE-aa yugam-bal yugumbal, jugumbir, jukamba, manaldjali, minjanbal Inverell-N. Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 029-N GUMBAYNGGIR+YAYGIR set29-NA GUMBAYNGGIRchainGUMBAYNGGIRIC29-NAA GUMBAYNGGIR net X29-NAA-a Gumbaynggir Nymbolda valley… Nambucca Heads coast Australia (N.S.W.) 029-NAA-aa gumbayng-gir kumbainggar, gumbaingari, kumbaingeri Australia (N.S.W.) 029-NB YAYGIR chain X29-NBA YAYGIR net X29-NBA-a Yaygir Clarence lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 029-NBA-aa yay-gir yegir, yiegera, jeigir, jireigir Australia (N.S.W.) 0XXX

page 216 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-O BANDJALANG+YUGUM set29-OA BANDJALANG+XYUGUM chain29-OAA BANDJALANG+XYUGUM net29-OAA-a Bandjalang+ Yugum Clarence valley… McPherson Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 029-OAA-aa bandjalang bandjelang Clarence… Richmond valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-aaa bogangger* bundala Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-aab watchee Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-ab biriin Casino-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-ac waalu-bal waalu, weela-bal Tabulum Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-ad wudje-bal wudje Tentafield Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-ae dingga-bal dingga, dingga-bel, gindo-bal Bonalbo Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-af gida-bal gida, gida-bel Woodenbong… Warwick Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-ag gali-bal gali Kyogle Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-ah wiya-bal wiya Lismore… Ballina Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-ai ngaraang-bal ngaraang Murwillumbah Australia (N.S.W.) 029-OAA-aj yugum-bal yugum, yugum-bir Beaudesert Australia (Queensland; N.S.W.) 029-P YAGARA+ GOWARset29-PA YAGARA+ GOWARchainDURUBULIC29-PAA YAGARA net X29-PAA-a Yagara Brisbane-S.… Warwick Australia (Queensland) 029-PAA-aa yagara-bal yagara, jagara, yagara-bul Australia (Queensland) 029-PAB DJENDJE+ NUNUNnet29-PAB-a Djendje+ Nunun Stradbroke island Australia (Queensland) 029-PAB-aa djende-wal djende, djanda-wal, tchandi, koenpel, goenpul Stradbroke-S. island Australia (Queensland) 029-PAB-ab nunun-bal nunun, nunun-kul, noonu-kul, mundjan Stradbroke-N. island Australia (Queensland) 029-PAC GOWAR net X29-PAC-a Gowar Moreton island Australia (Queensland) 029-PAC-aa gowar gooar, ngugi, wodji, wogee Australia (Queensland) 029-Q WAGA+ GABI set waka+ "kabic" X29-QA WAGA+ MURINGAM miyan 2Xchain29-QAA MURINGAM+XBARUNGGAM net29-QAA-a Muringam+BarunggamBarwon… Condamine valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-QAA-aa muringam murrumningama, murrungama Inglewood… Toowoomba Australia (Queensland) 029-QAA-ab barunggam parrungoom Dalby Australia (Queensland) 029-QAB GAYABARA net X29-QAB-a Gayabara Jandowae… Kingaroy Australia (Queensland) 029-QAB-aa gayabara Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC WAGA+ WULIWULI wakanet29-QAC-a Waga+ Ngalbu waka "proper", wakka Brisbane… Auburn valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-aa ngundanbi ngundanbbiBrisbane-N.… Tewantin coast Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-ab ngalbu nalbo Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-ac dungibara Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-ad duungidjawu Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-ae dalla Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-af garumga Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-ag waga-waga wakawaka, enibura, nukunukubara Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-b Wuliwuli Dawson middle valley Australia (Queensland) 029-QAC-ba wuli-wuli Dawson middle valley Australia (Queensland) 029-QBGABI+ GUWENGchainTHAN, "kabic"29-QBA GABI+ BADJALA net X29-QBA-a Gabi+ Badjala Australia (Queensland) 029-QBA-aa gabi-gabi Hervey bay… Coast Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-QBA-ab badjala Fraser island Australia (Queensland) 0XXXXXX

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 21729-QBB GUWENG+DARIBALANG net29-QBB-a Daribalang+ Gureng Baffle Creek coast… Auburn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-QBB-aa daribalang Baffle Creek coast… Monto Australia (Queensland) 029-QBB-ab gureng-gureng Auburn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-QBB-b Guweng Bustard Head coast… Dawes Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-QBB-ba guweng Australia (Queensland) 029-QC BAYALI+ KOINJMALchainKINGKEL29-QCA BAYALI+ KOINJMALXnet29-QCA-a Bayali Curtis island; Calliope valley… Fitzroy river-mouth Australia (Queensland) 029-QCA-aa bayali baiali, biyali, biele Australia (Queensland) 029-QCA-b Darambal Shoalwater bay… Fitzroy valley Australia (Queensland) 029-QCA-ba daram-bal darambal, orambul, urambal, charumbul, darawal, darumbal, ningebal, Australia (Queensland) 0tarumbal, tharumbal, warabal, yetimarala29-QCA-c Koinjmal Broad Sound bay Australia (Queensland) 029-QCA-ca koinjmal kooinmarburra, kuinmurbara, gonjmal, gunmal, mamburraPalmerston cape… Normanby Range mountainsAustralia (Queensland) 029-R MARGANY+"pama+ maric"MUNGKAN set29-RA MARGANY+ YANDA "maric"chain29-RAA MARGANY+MARIGUDJALA net29-RAA-a Margany+ Bidyara* mari-SW. Great Dividing Range-SW. mountains Australia (Queensland) 129-RAA-aa mandandanyi Roma Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-ab guwamu Moonie middle… Maranoa lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-ac gunya Wyandra Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-ad margany Quilpie Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-ae nguri ngoorie Maranoa upper valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-af bidyara Warrego… Langlo valleys Australia (Queensland) 129-RAA-ag wadjalang Adavale Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-ah wadjabangay Blackall Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-b Garingbai+ Wiri* mari-NE. Great Dividing Range-NE. mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-ba yiman Taroom-N. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bb gungabula Dawson headwaters: Injune Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bc garingbal Buckland Tableland plateau Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bd wadjigu Emerald-S.W. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-be gangulu Isaac valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bf gayiri Blair Athol-S. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bg gabalbara Connor Range-W. mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bh barna Isaac upper valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bi wangan Logan upper… Fox upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bj yambina Logan lower… Fox lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bk baradha Connor Range-N. mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bl yuwibara Mackay-W. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bm giya Proserpine Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bn wiri Leichhardt Range-S. mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bo yangga Suttor lower… Cape lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bp miyan Cape upper valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-bq biri Charters Towers-SE. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-c Yagalingu+ Yilba* mari-NW. Great Dividing Range-NW. mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-ca yagalingu Galilee lake Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-cb yiningay Landsborough valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-cc yilba Torrens Creek upper valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-d Gudjala+ Warungu* mari-N. Great Dividing Range-N. mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-da gudjala Greenvale-S. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-db gugu-badhun Greenvale-N. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAA-dc warungu Lynd headwaters Australia (Queensland) 029-RAB BIRRIA+kapuGUNGADUDJI net29-RAB-a Birria Windorah Australia (Queensland) 029-RAB-aa birria Australia (Queensland) 0XXX

page 218 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-RAB-bGungadudji+GulumaliCooper Creek upper valley… Thomson+ Barcoo lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RAB-ba gungadudji kungadutji, gungadidji, palpakunu Yaraka Australia (Queensland) 029-RAB-bb gulumali kulumali, ngulangulandji Jundah Australia (Queensland) 029-RAB-bc gunggari coongurri, ungorri, gungari, kunggari Nebine upper valley…Mungallala valleyAustralia (Queensland) 029-RAC YIRANDHALI net X29-RAC-a Yirandhali Longreach Australia (Queensland) 029-RAC-aa yirandhali Australia (Queensland) 029-RAD GUWA net X29-RAD-a Guwa Winton Australia (Queensland) 029-RAD-aa guwa Australia (Queensland) 029-RAE YANDA net X29-RAE-a Yanda Selwyn Range-S.E. Australia (Queensland) 029-RAE-aa yanda Australia (Queensland) 029-RB YURU+ BINDAL chain "nyawaygic" X29-RBA YURU+ BINDAL net X29-RBA-a Yuru Bowen… Ayr Australia (Queensland) 029-RBA-aa yuru juru Australia (Queensland) 029-RBA-b Bindal Ayr… Townsville Australia (Queensland) 029-RBA-ba bindal bindel Australia (Queensland) 029-RBA-c Wulguru-Kaba Townsville Palm… Magnetic islands Australia (Queensland) 029-RBA-ca wulguru-kaba wulguru-gaba Australia (Queensland) 029-RBA-d Nyawaygi Townsville… Ingham Australia (Queensland) 029-RBA-da nyawaygi Australia (Queensland) 029-RC DYIRBAL+ YIDINY "dyirbalic"+ "yidinic"chain29-RCA DYIRBAL+ BANDYIN DYIRBALICnet29-RCA-a Warrgamay+ Biyay Herbert lower valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-aa biyay warrgamay-S. Ingham Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-ab warrga-may warga Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-b Bandyin Hinchinbrook island Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-ba bandyin Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-c Dyirbal djirubal Herbert upper valley… Tully coast Australia (Queensland) 129-RCA-ca girra-may girra Australia (Queensland) 129-RCA-cb walmal-barra walmal Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-cc dyiru djiru Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-cd guln-gay guln, guln-gui Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-ce dyabun-barra dyabun, dyabun-barra-dyirbal Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-cf dyirri-barra dyirri, dyirri-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-cg dulgu-barra dulgu, dulgu-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-ch wari-barra wari, wari-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-ci ngadyan Australia (Queensland) 029-RCA-cj gambil-barra gambil, gambil-barra-dyirrbal Australia (Queensland) 129-RCB YIDINY+ DYAABU net "yidinic" X29-RCB-a Yidiny idinji, bool-boora, deba, eneby, gerrah, gijow, gillah, guwa-mal, idin,idindji, idin-wudjar, indindji, jidindji, kitba, maimbie, mungera-ohalo,pegullo-bura, warra-warra, warry-boora, woggil, yetinji, yiddinji, yidin,yidindji, yitintyi, yukka-burra Cairns-S.Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-aa wanyurr Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-ab mad-yay mad Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-ac yidiny-A. yidiny "proper" Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-ad gung-gay gung Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-b Dyaabu+ Gulay "wider" dyaabu, bulum-bulum, check-cull, chewlie, hileman, kodgotto,kiko-njunkulu, koko-nyungalo, koko-tjumbundji, ngarlkajie, orlow,tjabakai-thandji, tjabo-gaijanji, tjankir, tjankun, tjapun-kandji, tjunbundjiCairns… Port DouglasAustralia (Queensland) 029-RCB-ba yir-gay yir Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-bb bul-way bul Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-bc gulay guluy Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-bd dyaabu-gay dyaabu, dyaabu-gay "proper", dyabu-gay, djabu-gai, tjapu-kai Australia (Queensland) 029-RCB-be njakali nyakali, nyagali Australia (Queensland) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 21929-RD DYANGUN+YALANDICYALANDYI chain29-RDA DYANGUN+YALANDYI net29-RDA-a Muluridyi Mitchell headwaters… Carbine mountain Australia (Queensland) 029-RDA-aa muluridyi binjara, kokomoloroij, kokomoloroitji, kookanoona, molloroidyi,Australia (Queensland) 0mooloroiji, mularitchee, mullridgey, mulurutji, waluridji29-RDA-b Djangun Walsh… Mitchell valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RDA-ba djangun djanggun, adho-adhom, butju, chungki, chunkumberries,Australia (Queensland) 0chunkunburra, koko-mudju, mutyu, ngaigungo, koko-tyankun29-RDA-c Gugu-Yalandyi Bloomfield valley Australia (Queensland) 229-RDA-ca gugu-yalandyi kuku-yalanji, gugu-yalanji, koko-yalanji, kuku-yalangi Australia (Queensland) 229-RDA-d Gugu-Yimidhirr gugu-yimidjir Cooktown-N. Australia (Queensland) 229-RDA-da guuguu-yimidhirr-W. "coastal" guuguu-yimidhirr Australia (Queensland)29-RDA-db guuguu-yimidhirr-E. "inland" guuguu-yimidhirr Australia (Queensland)29-RE 'BARROW-POINT'chain29-REA 'BARROW-POINT'Xnet29-REA-a 'Barrow-Point' Barrow Point-S. coast Australia (Queensland) 029-REA-aa 'barrow-point' #own name unknown Australia (Queensland) 029-RF WALMBARIA chain FLINDERS-ISLAND X29-RFA WALMBARIA net X29-RFA-a Walmbaria Princess Charlotte bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RFA-aa walmbaria-A. Flinders islands… Cape York peninsula Australia (Queensland) 029-RFA-ab mug-ngambaram Flinders islands… Cape York peninsula Australia (Queensland) 029-RG29-RGAKALA-LAGAW-YAchainKALA-LAGAW-YAnetMABULAGIC29-RGA-a Kala-Lagaw-Ya Torres-Strait-Islands, kala-yagaw-ya, yagar-yagar, mabuiagic, kalalagau-langgus,langus, kala-lagaw, including kalaw-kawaw TorresStrait-N. islands ‣in competition with [52=] Langgus creoleXAustralia (Queensland) 329-RGA-aa boigu kala-lagaw-ya-N., boogu, bulgai, buglial Boigu, Talbot island Australia (Queensland) 229-RGA-ab dauan dausan, kala-lagaw-ya-N. 2 Dauan, Turnagain island Australia (Queensland) 229-RGA-ac saibai kala-lagaw-ya-N. 3 Saibai island Australia (Queensland) 229-RGA-ad mabuiag kala-lagaw-ya-C. Moa… Badu… Mabuiag islands Australia (Queensland) 329-RGA-ada mabuiag-A. Mabuiag, Jervis island (Queensland)29-RGA-adb badu Badu, Mulgrave island (Queensland)29-RGA-adc moa Moa, Banks island (Queensland)29-RGA-ae muralag maralaig, morolag Prince of Wales… Thursday islands Australia (Queensland)29-RGA-af kaurareg Horn island Australia (Queensland)29-RGA-ag muri Mount Adolphus island Australia (Queensland)29-RGA-ah yam jam, iama Turtle-Backed island Australia (Queensland)29-RGA-ai tutu Warrior island Australia (Queensland)29-RGA-aj masig Yorke island Australia (Queensland)29-RHYUMUKU+ GUGADJchainPAMA, "paman"29-RHA YUMUKU+ MBIY net pama-N., "cape york", wik-way, wik-waya, way, waya X29-RHA-a Yumuku+ Angkamu Cap York cape… Port Musgrove bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-aa yumuku-ntyi yumuku, yumiku-ndji, jumagu-ndji, jamagun, jamagun-dji Cape Yorkcape… Jardine river-mouthAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ab atampaya atambaia Eliot Creek valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ac angkamu-thi angkamu, anggamu-di, ankamu-ti, ambaigan, oiyankwi Vrilya PointcoastAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ad apukwe Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ae utyangikwa-thia utyangikwa Skardon… Eliot headwaters Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-b Yaray+ Wudha Orfordness… Cape Grenville coast Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ba yaray-tyana yaray, jaraidjana, yaraikana, gadaigan, yardigan Jardine valley…Orfordness capeAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHA-bb mutya-nthi mutya Shelburne-N. bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-bc wudha-dhi wudha, otati, wotadi, wutati, wik-wudja-di-wudja-di Shelburne-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-c Ura+ Tjungu Port Musgrave bay… North Alice… Dulhunty valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ca ura-dhi ura, ora-dhi North Alice Creek… Dulhunty upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-cb tjungu-ndji tjungu Port Musgrave bay: Cullen Point cape Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-d Mpali+ Lu Dulcie upper valley… Wenlock middle valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-da mpali-tyanh mpali, mpali-tjan, mbali-djan Dulcie headwaters Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-db lu-thigh lu, lotiga, lutig, ludigh, idjokara, o'kara Wenlock middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0X

page 220 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-RHA-e Awng+ Yup Wenlock… Mission valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ea awng-thim awng Embley… Mission valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-eb anda'-angeti anda', andrendjandring Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ec tjan-ngayth tjan Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ed mam-ngayt mam Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ee ntra'-angith ntra', ndru'-angit, nrwa'a, ndru'-angid Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ef winda-winda windu-winda, winaranga Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-eg yup-ngayth yup, yupa, yupa-nayt, nggerikudi Wenlock lower valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-f Al+ Lin Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-fa daini-guid daini, taini-kuit, tani-kuiti Albatross-N. bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-fb al-ngith al Albatross-E. bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-fc ngkoth nggod, ngkot, ngor, ngot Albatross bay: Embley+ Hey-S. confluence Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-fd trotj troty Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-fe ladam-ngid ladam, latam-ngit, latan-geti Albatross-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ff lin-ngithigh lin, lin-ngithig, leni-ngitij Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-g Yin Batavia Downs Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ga yin-wum yin, gin-wum, tin-wum, jinwun Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-h Aritin+ Ntra Archer bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ha aritin-ngithigh aritin Pera Head coast Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-hb ntra-ngith ntra, ntra'-ngith Aurukun>N. Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-i Mbiy Watson upper… Myall Creek valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHA-ia mbiy-wom mbiy, mbii-wun, kok-mbi-wan, mbi-wan, mbiy-won Australia (Queensland) 029-RHB YA'U+ KANJU net pama-N.E.29-RHB-a Ya'u Temple-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 229-RHB-aa kuuku-ya'u ya'u, ya'o, koko-ja'o, koko-yao, ja'o, yao, bagadji, pakadji Temple-S.bay… Pascoe valley29-RHB-b Kanju kandju, kaantyu, gandju, gandanju, kamdhue, kandyu, kanyu, karnu,jabuda, neogulada, yaldiye-ho Archer upper… Geikie… Coenmiddle… Lockhart valleysAustralia (Queensland) 2Australia (Queensland) 129-RHB-ba iju Australia (Queensland)29-RHB-bb i'o Australia (Queensland)29-RHB-bc j'aalo Australia (Queensland)29-RHB-bd wija-mo wija Australia (Queensland)29-RHB-be kokino kokin-oh Australia (Queensland)29-RHB-bf ndhyrl Australia (Queensland)29-RHB-c Umpila Lockhart River Mission… Sidmouth cape Australia (Queensland) 229-RHB-ca umpila-A. ombila, umbila, oombilla Australia (Queensland) 229-RHB-cb djandjanagu Australia (Queensland)29-RHCGANGANDA+BINDAGA netlamalama, "lamalamic", kulamak, funggufan, been-gee-warra,baganambia29-RHC-a Ganganda jindingga, jindgingga, ndindingga McIlwraith mountains… Sidmouthcape… Princess Charlotte bayXAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHC-aa umbindha-mu umbindha- Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-ab umbuyga-mu umbuyga, umbuiga-mu Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-b Wurangung awurangung Saltwater Creek river-mouth… Musgrave mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-ba angandjan Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-bb arlga Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-bc m-bariman ambaram, bariman+ gudhinma Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-bd gudhinma bariman+ gudhinma 2, puran-gunuma Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-be jadeneni yadaneru, jeteneru, jetieneru Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-bf owynggan awurangung Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-bg taipan daiban Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-c Bindaga Princess Charlotte bay… Red Bluff mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-ca mbambyl-mu mbambyl Princess Charlotte bay Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-cb mudu-mui mudu, mutu-mui, basthon, baulam Bathurst bay… Starcke valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-cc njegudi negodi, njekodi, munbara Starcke valley… Flattery cape Australia (Queensland) 029-RHC-cd lamula-mu lamula, lamalama, lamula-mul, koko-lamalama Princess Charlottebay… North Kennedy+ Normanby valleys29-RHC-ce gugu-warra koko-wara, wi-jaram, jaram, "lama-deighton" Normanby middle+Laura valleysAustralia (Queensland) 0Australia (Queensland) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 22129-RHD RARMUL+ JAWANnet29-RHD-a Rarmul+ Jawan Musgrave… Laura mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-RHD-aa koko-rarmul rarmul, aburarm Australia (Queensland) 029-RHD-ab thaypan Australia (Queensland) 029-RHD-ac jawan koko-yawa, yawa, jouon, yoyah, djawa, jawa Hann upper… Kennedyupper valleysAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHD-ad aghu-laia laia, aku-laia Hann valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHD-ae aghu-tharnggala tharnggala, aghu-tharnggalu, agu-tarnggele, aku-danggela, tharnggalu,arnggele, danggela, darnggele, darngelle, ok-anggul, anggul LauraAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHE MUNGKAN+KUNJEN* net29-RHE-a Mungkan+ Tayor "middle" pama Archer bay: Aurukun… Alice valley Australia (Queensland) 329-RHE-aa wik-mungkan mungkan, "vehicular" wik-munkan, wik-mungkana, mungkana,munkan, Aurukun… Edward valley29-RHE-ab wik-ompoma ompoma, wik-ampama, wig-ambama, gambana, wik-ompman,ampama, ambama, ompman, kokiala Watson+ Archer middlevalleys… displaced to AurukunAustralia (Queensland) 3Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-ac wik-keyangan keyangan Aurukun-SE. Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-ad wik-alkan alkan, wig-algan, algan, alkin, kalkin, wik-kolon, kolon Archer+Holroyd valleysAustralia (Queensland) 129-RHE-ae wik-ngathana ngathana Aurukun-S. coast Australia (Queensland) 229-RHE-af kuku-ugbanh ugbanh, kugu-ugbanh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-ag kuku-muminh muminh, kugu-muminh, wik-muminh, wik-mumin Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-ah kuku-uwanh uwanh, kugu-uwanh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-ai kuku-mu'inh mu'inh, kugu-mu'inh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-aj kuku-mangk mangk, kugu-mangk Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-ak wik-ngatara ngatara, wik-ngathara, wik-ngatharra, ngathera, ngatharra, charra,natarra, wooli Cape Keerweer-N. coastAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHE-al wik-epa epa, wik-eba, wik-eppe, eba, eppe Cape Kerweer cape Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-am wik-me'anha me'anha, wik-mean, wik-mejan, wik-me'ana, wik-me'nha, mean, mejan,me'ana, me'nh Cape Kerweer cape>E.29-RHE-an wik-ngadanja ngadanja, wik-njatna, wik-natanja, njatna, natanja, natanya Kendallriver-mouthAustralia (Queensland) 1Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-ao kuku-yak yak Holroyd left-bank Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-ap wik-ngenchera ngenchera, ngandjara, ngantjeri, wik-nantjara, wik-njintura, wikayangenchya,nantjara, njintura, ayangenchya Holroyd… Edwardriver-mouths… displaced to Aurukun29-RHE-aq koko-tayor tayor, kuuk-thaayoore, thaayoore, thayore, thaayore, thayorre, taior,gugu-dayor, dayor, kuk-tayor, kuku-dayore, tayore, thayorr, kokodaajorEdward… Coleman lower valleys… displaced to ColemanRiver MissionAustralia (Queensland) 1Australia (Queensland) 229-RHE-ar behran Edward… Coleman lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 229-RHE-as wik-iiyanh iiyanh Coen-S.W. Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-at koka-ayabadhu ayabadhu, koka-aiebadu, aiebadu, abadja, apatya, badja, wik-paach,paach Coleman-N. upper valleyAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHE-au pakanha Coleman-S. valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-b Yoront+ Tutiym pama-W. Coleman… Mitchell river-mouths Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-ba yir-yoront yoront, jir-joront, jir-jorond, joront, jorond, gamba'wandh, gwandera Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-bb yir-thangedl thangedl, yir-tangettle, tangettle, dangedl, dhanu'un, djudjanColeman lower valley… Mitchell river-mouthAustralia (Queensland)29-RHE-bc yir-tutiym tutiym, dudjym, djudjan, yir-djudjam, djudam Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-bd koko-mindjen-N. mandjoen, koko-mind'jana, mind'jana, mundjun, mindjin, myunduno,mynduno, gor-minang, gor-minag, minang, minagAustralia (Queensland)29-RHE-be yir-mel* mel, jir-mel, mel-jir, millera Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-c Bera+ Wab "coastal"-pama Mitchell lower… Staaten lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-ca gugu-bera bera, kuku-bera, koko-bera, koko-pera, pera, berang, paperyn Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-cb anavilla Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-cc badedj Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-cd ninggora Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-ce wab Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-cf kwanthar Australia (Queensland)29-RHE-d Kunjen+ Kaurang pama-C. Alice… Mitchell… Palmer river-basin.… Staaten upper Australia (Queensland) 1valley29-RHE-da oy-kangand kangand, oi-kand, wanggara Alice upper valley Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-db ow-oilkulla oilkulla, koko-olkulo, olkulo, olgol, olgel, ulkulu, olkolo, wulgulu, olgolo,wugurin, okangol, kokonggol Alice upper valleyXAustralia (Queensland) 1

page 222 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-RHE-dc o-kaurang kaurang, kawarrangg, kauwarang, wugurin Palmer lower valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-dd gogo-mini mini, koko-mini, akunkun, koo-gaminny, mirkin Palmer… Mitchellmiddle valleysAustralia (Queensland)29-RHE-de o-kunjen kunjen, o-gondyan, koko-gundjun, gondyan, gundjun, koonjan, Australia (Queensland) 1ngundjan, gugu-minjen, kuku-mindjen-S., o-kundjain, o-kunjan, kuritjaal,ku-tjel, o-gentjel, wu-gundjal, gudjal Staaten upper valley29-RHE-e Gurdjar+ Kuthant "norman" pama Staaten lower… Norman lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-ea areba 'araba, ariba, ngariba Staaten… Gilbert valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHE-eb gurdjar kurtjjar, gudjera, gurjurb Gilbert valley Australia (Queensland) 129-RHE-ec kunggara gunggara, kunggera, goom-gharra, goodarra, goongarra Normanlower… Gilbert lower valleysAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHE-ed kuthant Norman lower right-bank Australia (Queensland) 029-RHF WAMIN+ BABARAM* pama-S.net29-RHF-a Wamin+ Dagalag Wyaaba… Pelican… Stawell valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHF-aa walangama wollangama Einasleigh+ Gilbert confluence Australia (Queensland) 029-RHF-ab ag-wamin wamin, ak-waumin, a'-wamin, e-wamin, wajmin, wallamin, womininEinasleigh middle… Einasleigh upper valleyAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHF-ac dagalag tagalag, ag-wanggala, janggula, ndagalag, radagarlag, takalak, Australia (Queensland) 0yankala, yang-kula, taragalag, shanganburra Gilbert middle…Einasleigh middle valleys29-RHF-b Babaram+Gaygungu*Walsh… Lynd headwaters Australia (Queensland) 029-RHF-ba m-babaram babaram, booburam, morruburra, wum-barbaram, barbaram Walshupper valleyAustralia (Queensland) 029-RHF-bb n-gaygungu gaygungu, ngaigungo Tate upper… Lynd upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHF-c Bara* Stawell right-bank Australia (Queensland) 029-RHF-ca m-bara bara, am-bara Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG GUGADJ+ MAYABInet29-RHG-a Gugadj "flinders" pama Flinders lower valley… Norman lower valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG-aa gugadj Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG-b Mayabi+ Wunumara "mayabic" Leichardt+ Cloncurry+ Flinders river-basin Australia (Queensland) 0*29-RHG-ba maya-guduna guduna, mayi-kutuna Leichhardt… Flinders valleys presumedextinct by 1990'sXXAustralia (Queensland) 0*29-RHG-bb maya-gulan gulan, may-kulan, mayi-kulan Cloncurry middle valley: Canobie Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG-bc ngawun Flinders upper… Norman uppervalleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG-bd maya-bi bi Cloncurry middle left-bank Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG-be mayi-yapi yapi Julia lower valley Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG-bf mayi-dhagurdi dhagurdi Gilliat… Julia upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-RHG-bg wunumara Selwyrn Range-E. mountains: Gilliat+ Eastern headwaters Australia (Queensland) 029-S GALIBAMU set X29-SA GALIBAMU chain X29-SAA GALIBAMU net X29-SAA-a Galibamu Gregory… Leichhardt river-mouths Australia (Queensland) 029-SAA-aa galibamu-A. kalibamu, gadjibamu, golbiri Australia (Queensland) 029-SAA-ab kukatji* Australia (Queensland) 029-T LARDIL+ JAKULA TANGIC, "tangkic"set29-TA LARDIL+ JAKULAchain29-TAA LARDIL+ JAKULAnet29-TAA-a Gayardilt Bentinck island Australia (Queensland) 129-TAA-aa gayardilt gajadilt, gajardild, gayadilt, kaiadilt, malununda Australia (Queensland) 129-TAA-b Lardil Mornington… Forsyth islands Australia (Queensland) 129-TAA-ba lardil-A. ladil, lardill, laierdila, kunana Australia (Queensland) 129-TAA-bb daamin damin ‣secret language Australia (Queensland)29-TAA-c Jakula Albert … Calvert lower valleys Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 029-TAA-ca ganggalida ganggalita, jugula, jakula, yukala, yukulta, yugulda, yokula, wuguldaAlbert lower valley29-TAA-cb nyangga janga, jangaa, jangga, njangga, yanggal, jang-kala, njanggala,yangarella, yuckamurri Lagoon Creek…Calvert lower valleysAustralia (Queensland) 0Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 22329-U KALKUTUNG+YALARNNGA set29-UA KALKUTUNG+YALARNNGA chainGALGADUNIC29-UAA KALKUTUNG net X29-UAA-a Kalkutung Selwyn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 029-UAA-aa kalkutung galgaduun, galgadungu, kalkatungu, kalkadoon Mount Isa…Cloncurry-S.Australia (Queensland) 029-UAB YALARNNGA net X29-UAB-a Yalarnnga Wills… Burke upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-UAB-aa yalarnnga jalanga, yelina, yellanga, yellunga Australia (Queensland) 029-V WAGAYA+WARLUWARA set29-VA WARLUWARA+ warluwara-thawa, "warluwaric"XNGUBURINDI* chain29-VAA WARLUWARA+XNGUBURINDI* net29-VAA-a Warluwara Georgina middle valley Australia (Queensland) 029-VAA-aa warluwara maula, mauula, mawula, walookera, walugera, waluwara, wollegara, Australia (Queensland) 0yunnalinka Roxborough Downs29-VAA-b Wurgabunga Gunpowder valley Australia (Queensland) 029-VAA-ba wurgabunga Waggabundi Australia (Queensland) 029-VAA-c Nguburindi Gregory+ O'Shanassy valleys Australia (Queensland) 029-VAA-ca nguburindi ngoborundji Morstone-N. Australia (Queensland) 029-VAA-d Yindjilandji Barkly Tableland-C. plateau Australia (N.T.) 029-VAA-da yindjilandji Mount Morgan mountain Australia (N.T.) 029-VB WAGAYA chain X29-VBA WAGAYA net X29-VBA-a Wagaya James… Herbert valleys Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 029-VBA-aa wagaya wakaya, waagai, waagi, wagai, wagaja, waggaia, wakaja, wakkaja,warkya, worgai, worgaia, workia, lee-wakya, ukkia Lake Nash…Avon Downs+ CamoowealAustralia (N.T.; Queenslandadjacent)29-W WARUMUNGU set29-WA WARUMUNGU chain29-WAA WARUMUNGU net29-WAA-a Warumungu Renner Springs… Devil's Marble Australia (N.T.) 229-WAA-aa warumungu warramunga Tennant Creek… Rockhampton Downs Australia (N.T.) 229-X ARANDA+ GAIDIDJ ARANDICset29-XA GAIDIDJ chain29-XAA GAIDIDJ net29-XAA-a Gaididj Davenport Range… Murchison Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 229-XAA-aa gaididj kaiditj, kaititj, kaddakie, kaitije, kaitish, kaititcha, katitya, artuyaBarrow Creek-N.Australia (N.T.) 229-XB ARANDA+urtwaALYAWARR chain29-XBA ARANDA+"wider" arandaARRERNTE net29-XBA-a Anmatjirra Stuart Bluff Range-E.… Hann Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 129-XBA-aa anmatjirra anmadjera, imatjera, umatjera, urmitchee Aileron Australia (N.T.) 129-XBA-b Aranda-W.+ aranda-W., aranda "proper" Macdonnell Ranges mountains… Australia (N.T.; S.A.) 3PirdimaAlberga valley29-XBA-ba aranda-W. Macdonnell Ranges… Seymour Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 329-XBA-bb akerre* akara Australia (N.T.)29-XBA-bc pirdima aranda-S. Finke… Alberga valleys Australia (N.T.; S.A.) 029-XBA-c Arrernte aranda-E.Simpson, Arunta desert Australia (N.T.) 329-XBA-ca arrernte arran'da, arunda, arunndta, arunta Hale valley Australia (N.T.) 329-XBB ALYAWARR net29-XBB-a Alyawarr Sandover… Tennant Creek… Hatches Creek… Lucy Creek Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 329-XBB-aa alyawarr alyawarra, alyawarre, aljawara, yowera, iliaura Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 329-XBCANDAGEREBINHAnet29-XBC-a Andagerebinha Hay upper… Georgina upper valleys extinct Australia (N.T.; Queenslandadjacent)29-XBC-aa andagerebinha-A. andakerebina, andaagerebina, walwallie, williwilli, yanindo Hayupper… Pituri Creek upper valleysAustralia (N.T.; Queenslandadjacent)29-XBC-ab yuruwinga jaroinga, yarrowin, yorrowinga Woodroffe… Georgina upper valleys Australia (N.T.; Queenslandadjacent)XXX0X000

page 224 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition29-Y MARRAWAH+KAOOTA*notional set29-YA29-YAAMARRAWAH+WARATAH* chainMARRAWAH+WARATAH* netTASMANIAN notional set The total ethnic clearance of Tasmaniawas undertaken between 1805 and 1830, by speakers of [52=]English. The last 200 survivors were deported in 1829-34 to Flindersand other small offshore islands, and the last Tasmanian languageswere effectively extinct before 1900 ‣The only data are a few poorlyrecorded wordlists from 19 th cent. and recordings of the last partialspeakers in the early 20 th . Degrees of relationship among Tasmanianlanguages and their affinities to languages of mainland Australiacannot be accurately judged, and the following classification is largelynotional (and certainly simplified). It provides a framework to bechecked and amplified against every surviving scrap of information onthe peoples and languages of Tasmania #Reconstructed linguisticdivisions have hitherto been labelled by points of the compass andforeign place-names. They are here renamed with place-names ofapparent local origin.TASMANIAN-WESTAustralia (Tasmania)29-YAA-a Marrawah+ Temma* Tasmanian-West-Coast Australia (Tasmania) •29-YAA-aa marrawah* Marrawah… Australia (Tasmania)29-YAA-ab temma* Temma coast… Macquarie Harbour, Gordon estuary Australia (Tasmania)29-YAA-ac tullah* Tullah… Ossa highlands Australia (Tasmania)29-YAA-ad 'lake-pedder'* Pedder lake… Australia (Tasmania)29-YAA-ae 'south-east-cape'* Macquarie Harbour, Gordon estuary… South-East Cape coast Australia (Tasmania)29-YAA-bWarratah+Mawbanna*Tasmanian-Northwest Australia (Tasmania) •29-YAA-ba mawbanna* Mawbanna… Port Latta… Australia (Tasmania)29-YAA-bb warratah* Waratah… Devonport Australia (Tasmania)29-YB29-YBAKAOOTA+ WEETAH* TASMANIAN-EASTchainKAOOTA+ WEETAH*netAustralia (Tasmania)Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-a Weetah+ Winnaleah* Tasmanian-Northeast Australia (Tasmania) •29-YBA-aa weetah* Weetah… Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-ab winnaleah* Winnaleah… Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-ac 'lagoons'* Lagoons coast Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-b29-YBA-baTarraleah+Triabunna*tarraleah+waddamana*Tasmanian-Mid-East, including "big river" Australia (Tasmania) •Tarraleah… Waddamana lakes & highlandsAustralia (Tasmania)29-YBA-bb triabunnah* "oyster bay" Triabunnah… Oyster Bay coast Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-bc nubeena+Tasman+ Forestier peninsula: Nubeena… MurdunnaAustralia (Tasmania)murdunna*29-YBA-c Kaoota+ Moogara* Tasmanian-Southeast Australia (Tasmania) •29-YBA-ca moogara* Moogara… Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-cb kaoota* Kaoota… Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-cc 'weld-valley' Weld valley Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-cd 'prion-bay' Prion Bay coast Australia (Tasmania)29-YBA-ce alonnah* Bruny island: Alonnah… Australia (Tasmania)