kari 3: wyali - momxmarebeli.ge
kari 3: wyali - momxmarebeli.ge
kari 3: wyali - momxmarebeli.ge
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Tavi 5. miwisqveSa wylebi<br />
<strong>kari</strong> 3: <strong>wyali</strong><br />
1. Sesavali<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis mniSvneloba garemosaTvis<br />
<strong>wyali</strong> Cveni planetis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Seucvleli resursia da mas<br />
dacva da gafrTxileba unda, rameTu bunebaSi ar arsebobs iseTi nivTiereba, romelsac<br />
ZaluZs Sescvalos <strong>wyali</strong> _ rogorc macocxebeli Zala. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cvens<br />
garSemo ar arsebobs arc miwieri, ise aramiwieri samyaro romelzedac <strong>wyali</strong> ar<br />
axdendes did gavlenas.<br />
zedapiruli hidrosfero (msoflio okeane, zRvebi, mdinareebi, tbebi, myinvarebi,<br />
atmosferuli teni) da miwisqveSa hidrosfero (dedamiwis qerqis is nawili,<br />
romelSic SeiZleba miwisqveSa wylebi arsebobdes) ganixileba rogorc erTi mTlianis<br />
_ hidrosferos Semad<strong>ge</strong>neli nawilebi, romelTac erTmaneTTan uSualo kavSiris gamo<br />
garkveuli funqcia akisria.<br />
hidrosferos resursebis formirebaze da maT xarisxze udides gavlenas axdens<br />
rogorc atmosferuli naleqebi, aseve zedapiruli Camonadenis sidide. miwisqveSa da<br />
zedapirul wylebs Soris uSualo kavSiris arsebobis gamo, maTi resursebis<br />
raodenoba, xarisxi, doneebisa da xarjis meryeoba didad aris damokidebuli<br />
atmosferuli naleqebis raodenobis, maTi modinebis intensiurobaze da saxeobaze.<br />
rogorc zedapiruli aseve, miwisqveSa wylebis bunebrivi resursebi mniSvnelovan<br />
elements warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen hidrosferos saerTo balansis warmoqmnaSi da ganapirobeben<br />
wyalSemcveli horizontebis saeqspluatacio resursebis Sevsebas, romlebic naleqebis<br />
saerTo wrebrunvis procesis gamo ganicdian mudmiv ganaxlebas.<br />
normatiuli baza<br />
miwisqveSa wylebi zedapiruli wylebisagan gansxvavebiT, warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo<br />
wiaRiseul resurss, romlis gankargva, sar<strong>ge</strong>blobaSi gadacema da dacva regulirdeba<br />
`wiaRis Sesaxeb”, `wylis Sesaxeb~, `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~, `licenzirebisa da<br />
nebarTvebis Sesaxeb”, `kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos<br />
kanonebiT da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom mas mere, rac miRebuli iqna `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis<br />
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, zemoTaRniSnul kanonebSi ar ganxorcielebula<br />
Sesabamisi cvlilebebi da damatebebi, ris Sedegadac dReisaTvis wyalTan mimarTebaSi<br />
moqmedi kanonebis normebis umetesoba ar aris SesabamisobaSi momijnve sferoebSi<br />
moqmed dargobriv kanonmdeblobasTan da, xSir SemTxveveSi, erTmaneTTan Seusabamo<br />
calkeuli normebis saxiT asaxulia uamrav sakanonmdeblo normatiul aqtebSi.<br />
amdenad, Seqmnili mdgomareoba ar iZleva saSualebas Camoyalibdes wylis<br />
bunebrivi resursebis marTvis, flobis, sar<strong>ge</strong>blobisa da gankargvis maregulirebeli<br />
mwyobri sistema. amis gamomwvevi mizezebi pirvel rigSi, samarTlebriv sakanonmdeblo<br />
aqtebis arasrulyofilebiT unda avxsnaT. ase magaliTad: wylis resursebis marTva,<br />
dacva, kontroli da monitoringi, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi<br />
resursebis saministros prerogativaa, maSin roca miwisqveSa wylebis<br />
sar<strong>ge</strong>blobisaTvis licenziis gacemas axdens saqarTvelos ekonomikis saministro;<br />
sasmeli wylis xarisxis kontrols axorcielebs soflis meurneobis saministro,<br />
xolo wylis standartebTan (wylis xarisxisadmi wayenebul sanitariul-higienur<br />
xasiaTis normebTan da wesebTan) dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi saqarTvelos Sromis,<br />
janmrTelobisa da kulturis dacvis saministros kompetencias ganekuTvneba.<br />
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom is kanonebi da normatiuli dokumentebi, romlebiTac<br />
gansazRvrulia samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi saxelmwifosa da wiaRiTmosar<strong>ge</strong>bles<br />
Soris ara Tu iZleva miwisqveSa wylebis racionaluri gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofis<br />
garantias, aramed, garkveulwilad iwvevs am saqmeSi gau<strong>ge</strong>brobasa da uTanxmoebas.<br />
zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, wylis resursebis sferoSi gardaqmnebis miRweva<br />
SesaZlebelia mxolod Zireuli reformebis gatarebiT, romelmac unda moicvas maT<br />
Soris erTiani sistematizirebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis Seqmnac.
2. arsebuli mdgomareoba<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis klasifikacia<br />
saqarTvelos teritoriis miwisqveSa hidrosferos farglebSi naTladaa<br />
warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili sruli speqtri rogorc klasikuri, aseve, metad iSviaTi<br />
hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri kanonzomierebebisa da anomaliebisa, rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs am<br />
teritoriaze ZiriTadi, iSviaTi da unikaluri tipebis miwisqveSa wylebis farTe<br />
gavrcelebas. am TvalsazrisiT, erT-erTi yvelaze arsebiTi sakiTxTagania miwisqveSa<br />
wylebis klasifikacireba.<br />
samwuxarod, dRemde ar arsebobs miwisqveSa wylebis sayovelTaod miRebuli<br />
unificirebuli klasifikacia. xSirad, sxvadasxva mkvlevaris SromebSi, miwisqveSa<br />
wylebis erTsa da imave tips, gansxvavebuli saxelwodeba aqvs. mravali maTgani<br />
upiratesobas aniWebs Tanafardobas mTavar anionebsa da kaTionebs Soris. zogi<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis dajufebas axdens maTSi gaxsnili gazebis mixedviT.<br />
dReisaTvis msoflio praqtikaSi, miwisqveSa wylebis sistematizaciis<br />
metnaklebad misaReb klasifikacias safuZvlad udevs maTi ganla<strong>ge</strong>bis (Cawolis)<br />
hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri pirobebi. am klasifikaciis mixedviT miwisqveSa wylebi dayofolia<br />
zeda, gruntisa da arteziul wylebad, romlebic gabatonebuli anionebisa da<br />
kaTionebis mixedviT dajgufebulia klasebad da jgufebad. ionebs Soris<br />
Tanafardobis mixedviT, miwisqveSa wylebi dayofilia kidev calkeul tipebad.<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis tipebi, saerTo moculobebi da gamoyeneba<br />
saqarTveloSi miwisqveSa wylebi warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilia msoflioSi cnobili yvela<br />
unikaluri mineraluri wylebis sruli speqtriT, rogorc qimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis,<br />
temperaturis, ise raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi TvalsazrisiT. pirobiTad isini<br />
mineralizaciis da temperaturis mixedviT iyofa Semdeg jgufebad:<br />
a) mtknari sasmeli wylebi (mineralizaciiT ara umetes 1,0 g/l).<br />
b) mineraluri wylebi (1,0 g/l-ze maRali saerTo mineralizaciiT).<br />
g) Termuli wylebi _ samkurnalo 20_30 0 C da Tboener<strong>ge</strong>tikuli _ 40-108 0 C<br />
temperaturiT.<br />
a) mtknari miwisqveSa wylebi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sasmelad vargisi umaRlesi xarisxis<br />
wylebis yvelaze saimedod dacul wyaros, amitomac iTvleba igi unikalur wiaRiseulad,<br />
romelTa raodenobis mxriv saqarTvelo erT-erTi umdidresi qveyanaa. amasTan<br />
erTad, qveynis wylis resursebis saerTo raodenobis 60-70%, sasmel-sameurneo<br />
miznebisaTvis gamoyenebis mizniT, miwisqveSa wylebze modis, romlis 30% umaRlesi<br />
xarisxisaa.<br />
mtknari miwisqveSa wylebi saerTo mineralizaciis mixedviT iyofa or jgufad: I<br />
_ 0,2_0,3 g/l; II _ 0,3_1,0 g/l.<br />
I jgufis ultramtknari wylebi ZiriTadad samxreT saqarTvelos teritoriazea<br />
gavrcelebuli da qimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobiT hidrokarbonatul-kalciumiania. maTi saerTo<br />
resursebi aRemateba 1,7 mln. m 3 /dR.R (20 m 3 /wm).<br />
II jgufis wylebi praqtikulad saqarTvelos mTel teritoriazea<br />
gavrcelebuli. maTi saerTo resursebi 4 mln. m 3 /dR.R-ze metia. qimiuri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobiT<br />
am jgufis wylebi hidrokarbonatuli kalciumiania, iSviaTad hidrokarbonatulqloriduli<br />
kalciumian-magniumiani an kalciumian-natriumiani.<br />
sul saqarTvelos teritoriaze daZiebulia mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis 100-ze<br />
meti obieqti (sabado), romelTa bunebrivi resursebi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 573 m 3 /wm (49,4 mln.<br />
m 3 /dR.R.). es resursebi farTod, magram araTanabrad arian ganawilebuli saqarTvelos<br />
mTel teritoriaze. maTi saerTo raodenobis 63,4% _ (362,5 m 3 /wm) modis das.<br />
saqarTveloze, 24,1% _ (137,9 m 3 /wm) aRm. saqarTveloze, xolo 12,5% _ (71,3 m 3 /wm) ki<br />
_ samxr. saqarTveloze.<br />
qveynis mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis saeqspluatacio resursebi, anu mTliani<br />
bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis dasaSvebi raodenoba Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 285,5 m 3 /wm. maT Soris:<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ 181 m 3 /wm (63,5%), aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi – 69,0 m 3 /wm<br />
(24,5%), xolo samxreT saqarTveloSi _ 35,0 m 3 /wm (12%).
gamovlenili resursebis daaxloebiT mesamedi nawili (~50 sabado) detalurad<br />
aris Seswavlili da maTi saeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bi damtkicebulia mara<strong>ge</strong>bis<br />
saxelmwifo komisiaSi 82,6 m 3 /wm (7,4 mln. m 3 /dR.R) odenobiT.<br />
rigiTi #<br />
III<br />
daraionebis ruka #1<br />
mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis bunebrivi da saeqspluatacio resursebis da<br />
damtkicebuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bis ganawileba hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri regionebis mixedviT<br />
crili 1<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ologiur-hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri<br />
regioni<br />
bunebrivi<br />
resursebi<br />
aT.m 3 /dR.R<br />
m 3 /wm<br />
saeqspluatacio<br />
resursebi<br />
aT.m 3 /dR.R<br />
m 3 /wm<br />
damtkicebuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bi<br />
kategoriebis mixedviT<br />
aT.m 3 /dR.R<br />
m 3 /wm<br />
sul A+B C1+C2<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7<br />
I-II<br />
mTavari kavkasionis samxreT<br />
ferdis gruntis wylebisa da<br />
wyalwneviani sistemis zona<br />
25, 5<br />
295<br />
12,7<br />
147,5<br />
254,0<br />
2,94<br />
190,1<br />
2,20<br />
63,9<br />
0,74<br />
saqarTvelos beltis<br />
arteziuli auzebis zona<br />
14,3 7,1 5 315,3 3 033,5<br />
2 281,<br />
8<br />
maT Soris:<br />
165 81,5 61,5 35,1 26,4<br />
IV<br />
V<br />
1) dasavleT daZirvis<br />
2) aRmosavleT daZirvis<br />
aWara-TrialeTis naoWa zonis<br />
wyalwneviani sistemis zona<br />
arTvin-bolnisis beltis<br />
gruntis wylebis zona<br />
sul<br />
8,6 4,3 1 801,4 1 336,8 434,6<br />
100 50 20,85 15,82 5,03<br />
5,6 2,8 3 513,9 1 666,7<br />
1 847,<br />
2<br />
65 32,5 40,67 19,29 21,38<br />
4 665,6 2 332,8 198,7 198,7 -<br />
54 27 2,30 2,30 -<br />
5 097,6 25448,8 1,367,7 1 087,7 279,9<br />
59 29,5 15,83 12,59 3,24<br />
49,5 24 753,6 7 135,8 4 510,0<br />
2 625,<br />
7<br />
573 285,5 82,6 52,2 30,4
miuxedavad wylis resursebis siuxvisa, saqarTveloSi sufTa sasmeli wylis<br />
xelmisawvdomoba, TiTqmis yvela regionSi, kvlav problemad rCeba. maSin roca<br />
dasavleT saqarTvelos regionebi wyaldidobis riskis qveS imyofebian, aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ganicdis wylis deficits. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos<br />
mosaxleobis mxolod nawili aris uzrunvelyofili usafrTxo wylis Seuferxebeli<br />
momara<strong>ge</strong>biT. arsebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, romelic<br />
sasmeli wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis sistemidan ar maragdeba, (qalaqis mosaxleobis 5% da<br />
soflis mosaxleobis 65%), sasmel wyals damoukideblad moipovebs da am mizniT<br />
ZiriTadad miwisqveSa wylebs iyenebs.<br />
2008 wlis monacemebiT saqarTveloSi weliwadSi gamoyenebuli iyo mtknari<br />
miwisqveSa wylebi 427,9 mln. m 3 odenobiT, maT Soris sasmeli daniSnulebiT 425,3 mln.<br />
m 3 , xolo sawarmoo sawarmoo saWiroebisaTvis _ 2,6 mln. m 3 . soflis meurneobaSi<br />
sarwyavad gamoiyeneboda zedapiruli wylebi.<br />
b) sasmeli da samkurnalo daniSnulebis mineraluri wylebi<br />
arsebuli monacemebiT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamovlenili farTe speqtris<br />
mineraluri Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis, temperaturisa da sxva unikaluri Tvisebebis mqone<br />
mineraluri wylebis gamosavlebis (wyaroebi, WaburRilebi) saerTo raodenoba 2 aTass<br />
aWarbebs, romelTa jamuri debiti 160 aT. kuburi metria dRe-RameSi. qimiuri<br />
Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis, saerTo mineralizaciis (dabali 8gr/l) da temperaturis (civi _ 20 0 C (Termomineraluri) maCveneblebis<br />
mixedviT, pirobiTad isinis sam jgufadaa dayofili.<br />
qveynis mineraluri wylebis prognozuli resursebi daaxloebiT ~ 50 mln.<br />
aT.m 3 /dR.R. tolia. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos teritoriaze detalurad Seswavlilia 45<br />
mineraluri wylis sabado. mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo komisiaSi damtkicebuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bis<br />
raodenoba Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 76,2 aT.m 3 /dR.R. maTgan meoTxedis gamoiyeneba xdeba marto<br />
balneologiuri miznebisaTvis, naxevarze mets sammagi gamoyenebaa aqvs (balneologia,<br />
Tbomomara<strong>ge</strong>ba, samrewvelo Camosxma), xolo nawili gamoiyeneba mxolod samrewvelo<br />
CamosxmisaTvis. aRniSnuli raodenobis mineraluri wylis ∼1_2 %-iT aTvisebac ki<br />
saSualebas iZleva yovelwliurad Camoisxas ramodenime miliardi boTli (0,5 l)<br />
produqcia.<br />
g) Termuli wylebi<br />
saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRricxulia 40_108 0 C temperaturis mqone wylis<br />
200-ze meti bunebrivi (8 wyaro) da xelovnuri (200 WaburRili) calkeuli da<br />
jgufuri gamosavlebi. maTi jamuri debiti Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns daaxloebiT 160 aT.m 3 /dR.R.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>oTermuli Seswavlis donis mixedviT, wiaRSi arsebuli Termuli wylebis<br />
prognozuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bi Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 350_400 mln. m 3 /weliwadSi. mara<strong>ge</strong>bis saxelmwifo<br />
komisiaSi damtkicebuli Termuli wylis saeqspluatacio mara<strong>ge</strong>bi (15 sabado) 126 aT.<br />
m3/dR.R. tolia, rac saerTo prognozuli resursebis mxolod 20%_s Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>oTermuli siTbo, romelic ganaxlebadi energiis erT-erTi uSreti wyaroa,<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs yvelaze iafi da ekologiurad sufTa siTburi<br />
energiis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. qveynis teritoriaze arsebul <strong>ge</strong>oTermul wylebs<br />
misi temperaturuli maCveneblebis mixedviT iyeneben, rogorc soflis meurneobaSi,<br />
aseve, komunalur meurneobasa da balneologiaSi.<br />
SeniSvna: gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis monacemebis mixedviT, qveynis miwisqveSa<br />
wylebis sabadoebze damtkicebuli mara<strong>ge</strong>bis samrewvelo aTvisebis xvedriTi wili<br />
daaxloebiT 12% mineralur wylebze modis, 4% Termoener<strong>ge</strong>tikul wylebze, xolo<br />
2% mtknar miwisqveSa wylebze, maSin roca miwisqveSa sasmeli wylis resursuli<br />
potencialis mixedviT saqarTvelo erT-erTi umdidresi qveyanaa msoflioSi, am mxriv<br />
igi 2,5-jer aRemateba msoflios saSualo maCvenebels erT sul mosaxleze<br />
gadaangariSebiT.<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis done (aRiweros monacemTa xelmisawvdomobis<br />
problemebi, Zveli monacemebis Sejereba)<br />
saqarTvelos dablobi da mTaTaSorisi regionebis (kolxeTis dablobi, qarTlis<br />
veli, md. alaznis marcxena sanapiro da sxv), romelTa farglebSic Tavmoyrilia<br />
erovnuli meurneobis mTeli potenciali da msxvili dasaxlebuli punqtebis 80%-ze
meti, miwisqveSa hidrosferos, gansakuTrebiT gruntis da zedapiridan pirveli wneviani<br />
wyalSemcveli fenis umetesi nawili ekologiurad saSiS zonaSia moqceuli, rac<br />
gamowveulia progresirebadi dabinZurebiT.<br />
am kuTxiT, gansakuTrebiT mZime ekologiuri mdgomareobaa Seqmnili qveynis<br />
soflebis da umetesi raionuli centrebis wyalsadenebze, romelTa sistemebi<br />
gamosulia mwyobridan siZvelis, teqnikuri gaumarTaobisa an wyalsadeni milebis<br />
avariuli mouvlelobis gamo. yofili wyalTameurneobis da melioraciis saministros<br />
monacemebis mixedviT saqarTvelos 4357 soflis 2,4 mln. mosaxlis umetesi nawili<br />
svams iseT wyals romelic ar Seesabameba standartebs, amis gamo saqarTveloSi<br />
yovelwliurad aRiricxeba nawlavuri infeqciuri daavadebebis afeTqebebi da jgufuri<br />
daavadebebi.<br />
gasuli saukunis 70-90 wlebSi Catarebuli hidro<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri sareJimo, a<strong>ge</strong>gmviTi<br />
da saZiebo samuSaoebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bze dayrdnobiT, saqarTvelos <strong>ge</strong>ologiis saxelmwifo<br />
departamentma 2000 wels gamosca `informaciuli biuleteni _ miwisqveSa<br />
hidrosferos ekologiuri mdgomareobis da saSiSi <strong>ge</strong>ologiuri procesebis Seswavlisa<br />
da prognozirebis Sesaxeb~, romelSic gakeTebulia qveynis mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis<br />
sxvadasxva tipebis gaWuWyianebis kerebis aRricxva-pasportizaciis analizi.<br />
qveynis teritoriaze arsebuli wyalpunqtebidan aRebuli wylis (707 sinjis)<br />
analizebis ganzogadoebul masalebze dayrdnobiT gamotanili iqna daskvna, rom:<br />
miwisqveSa hidrosferos gaWuWyianebis masStabebi saqarTvelos teritoriaze ZiriTadad<br />
atarebs lokalur da regionul xasiaTs; wyalsaRebi na<strong>ge</strong>bobebis xangrZlivi<br />
eqspluataciis periodis ganmavlobaSi miwisqveSa wylebma ganicades Tvisobrivi<br />
cvlilebebi xarisxis gauaresebis TvalsazrisiT da saWiroebs saswrafo reagirebas.<br />
(ix. ruka 2)<br />
sqematuri hidro<strong>ge</strong>oekologiuri ruka #2<br />
aRniSnul dokumentis mixedviT saqarTvelos hidrosferos ekologiuri viTarebis<br />
(2000 wlisaTvis) amsaxveli suraTi qveynis regionebis mixedviT aseTia:<br />
a) samcxe-javaxeTis regioni<br />
axalcixis arteziuli auzis teritoriis farglebSi (aspinZis raionis garda)<br />
gavrcelebuli naleqebis pirveli wyalSemcveli horizontis miwisqveSa wylebi (52
WaburRilis, 29 wyaros da 6 Wis monacemebiT) gabinZurebulia azotovani naerTebiT:<br />
nitratebiT, nitritebiT da amiakiT, romelTa Semcveloba miwisqveSa wylebSi 1,5-3,0<br />
jer aRemateba zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias.<br />
b) kaxeTis regioni<br />
regionis teritoriaze zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias aRemateba miwisqveSa<br />
wylebSi (152 WaburRilis monacemebiT) nitratebis, nitritebis da gogirgwyalbadis<br />
Semcveloba. wylebSi meTanisa da navTobproduqtebis arsebobis mizezad unda yofiliyo<br />
fekaluri wylebis magistralebis dazianeba, mecxoveleobis fermebidan fekaluri<br />
wylebis da sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebidan Sxanqimikatebis CaJonva, aseve sasuqebis<br />
sawyobebis gaumarTaoba da sxv.<br />
g) samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regioni<br />
samegrelos arteziuli auzis gruntis wylebis ZiriTadad dabinZurebulia<br />
azotis naerTebiT _ nitratebiT, nitritebiT da amoniumiT, aRiniSneboda agreTve,<br />
rkinis, fenolisa da manganumis Semcveloba. 79 WaburRilis monacemebis mixedviT,<br />
gansakuTrebiT dabinZurebis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeoda mWidrod dasaxlebuli<br />
punqtebis teritoriebi.<br />
e) mcxeTa-mTianeTis regioni<br />
regioni mWidrod dasaxlebuli raionebisgan Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba da maT teritoriaze farTod<br />
gavrcelebulia soflis meurneobis TiTqmis yvela dargi. Sesabamisad, farTod<br />
gamoiyeneboda sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSi sxvadasxva tipis Sxamqimikatebi da<br />
mineraluri sasuqebi. sakvlev teritoriaze 58 WaburRilSi dafiqsirebuli iqna<br />
zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentraciaze meti iseTi ingredientebi, rogoricaa: nitratebi,<br />
nitritebi, liTiumi, amoniumi, qlori, rkina.<br />
v) Sida qarTlis regioni<br />
gasuli saukunis bolosaTvis, regioni gamoirCeoda samrewvelo ibieqtebis didi<br />
raodenobiT. cementisa da Saqris qarxnebi, xorckombinati, avtogasamarTi sadgurebi da<br />
sxv. aRniSnul teritoriaze 83 WaburRilSi zdk-Tan SedarebiT maRali iyo iseTi<br />
gamabinZurebeli ingredientebi, rogoricaa liTiumi, manganumi, rkina, nitratebi da<br />
nitritebi. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia kadmiumis Semcvelobis momatebis faqti<br />
sofel CumaTeleTis wyaroSi, romelsac iyenebdnen sasmelad (suramis saavtomobilo<br />
gvirabis axlos, bazrobis teritoriaze).<br />
z) qvemo qarTlis regioni<br />
regionis miwisqveSa wylebSi gamabinZurebeli ingredientebis zdk-Tan SedarebiT<br />
momatebuli raodenoba dafiqsirebuli iyo 77 WaburRilsa da 8 wyaroSi. ZiriTadad<br />
gamovlenili iyo amoniumi, nitratebi, nitritebi, bariumi, bori, kadmiumi, kobalti,<br />
liTiumi, fenolebi, pesticidebi, rkina.<br />
T) imereTis regioni<br />
regionis teritoriaze Semowmebul 53 wyalpunqtSi (6 wyaro da 47 WaburRili)<br />
aRiniSneboda zdk-Tan SedarebiT momatebuli damabinZurebeli ingredientebis<br />
Semcveloba. am mxriv sayuradReboa q. quTaisis farglebSi miwisqveSa wylebSi mZime<br />
metalebis arseboba, rac uTuod gamowveuli unda iyos am regionSi ganla<strong>ge</strong>buli<br />
sawarmoebidan CaJonili wylis Sedegad. savaraudoa, rom es movlena adrindel<br />
dabinZurebasTan yofiliyo dakavSirebuli, ramac mogvianebiT iCina Tavi.<br />
i) guriis regioni<br />
am regionSi Seswavlil 25 WaburRilSi zdk-Tan SedarebiT momatebuli aRmocnda<br />
fenolebis, mZime metalebis, nitratebisa da dustis Semcveloba.<br />
k) raWa-leCxum-qvemo svaneTis regioni<br />
regionis farglebSi Seswavlil i wyalpunqtebidan mxolod 5 wyaroSi aRmoCnda<br />
gazrdili rkinis, boris da nitratebis Semcveloba zdk-Tan SedarebiT.<br />
l) aWaris avtonomiuri respublika<br />
kvlevis momentisaTvis, aWaris teritoriaze Seswavlili iyo yvela soflis<br />
wyalsadenis saTave na<strong>ge</strong>boba da misi mkvebavi wyaroebi. dad<strong>ge</strong>nili iqna, rom maTi<br />
ekologiuri mdgomareoba ver akmayofilebda eqspluataciis pirobebiT dad<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />
minimalur moTxovnebs. kerZod, arcerT maTgans ar hqonda gamoyofili sanitariuli<br />
dacvis mkacri reJimis (pirveli) zona, wyalSemkrebi ne<strong>ge</strong>bobebi amortizebuli iyo da<br />
imyofeboda avariul mdgomareobaSi. eqspluataciaSi myofi araRrma WaburRilebis (30<br />
WaburRili) wylebSi nitratebis, fenolebis, mZime metalebis da navTobproduqtebis<br />
Semcveloba mniSvnelovnad aWarbebda zdk-s.
miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis ZiriTadi wyaroebi, maT mier miwisqveSa wylebis<br />
dabinZurebis intensivoba da gamomwvevi mizezebi<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis gaWuWyianebaSi igulisxmeba anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuri sameurneo<br />
saqmianobiT gamowveuli wylis xarisxis cvlileba mis bunebriv (fonur)<br />
mdgomareobasTan SedarebiT, rac wyals nawilobriv an mTlianad gamousadegars xdis.<br />
pirvel rigSi es exeba sasmel mtknar wyals.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom miwisqveSa wylebis horizontebi miCneulia bunebrivad<br />
daculad anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuli (teqno<strong>ge</strong>nuri) faqtorebis negatiuri zegavlenisgan, mainc<br />
SeimCneva maTze mavne zegavlenis mniSvnelovani gaZliereba. es gamowveulia miwisqveSa<br />
wylebis hidravlikuri kavSiriT dabinZurebul zedaprul wylebTan, samrewvelo<br />
narCenebis samarxebTan, sasuqiT damuSavebul sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebTan,<br />
samrewvelo obieqtebTan da sxva faqtorebTan.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebSi gasuli saukunis bolo<br />
aTwleulebSi agroqimikatebis didi dozebiT gamoyenebas mohyva rogorc zedapiruli,<br />
ise gruntis wylebis dabinZureba nitratebiT, pesticidebiT. rig regionebSi,<br />
rogoricaa samegrelo, aWara-guria, qarTli, kaxeTi, qvemo imereTi, sadac mosaxleoba<br />
mWidrodaa dasaxlebuli da centralizebuli wyalsaRebebis farTo qseli<br />
funqcionirebs, miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebam 100-150m siRrmeSi ganla<strong>ge</strong>bul<br />
arteziul horizontebamdec ki CaaRwia. ase Tu gagrZelda, amas SeiZleba mZime<br />
ekologiuri Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi mohyves.<br />
gruntis wylebis dabinZureba didia im regionebSic, sadac aeraciis zonis<br />
simZlavre mcirea. kolxeTis dablobis (samegrelos, imereTis), agreTve qarTlisa da<br />
kaxeTis regionebSi meoTxeuli naleqebis doneze arsebuli gruntis wylebis qimiuri<br />
Sed<strong>ge</strong>nilobis analizebma aCvenes, rom maTSi azot-nitratebis Semcveloba Sead<strong>ge</strong>nda<br />
0.4-1.6 mg/l, maSin rodesac zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentracia (zdk) 0,02 mg/l-ia, e.i<br />
maTi Semcveloba dasaSveb normas 20-30-jer aRemateba. aseve 3-4-jer metia azotamiakis<br />
Semcveloba, es komponentebi ki axali dabinZurebis maCveneblebia, romelTa<br />
warmoSobis wyaros warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns ara mxolod sasuqebiT gajerebuli saxnav-saTesi<br />
savargulebi, aramed, im sawarmoebis Camdinare wylebi, romlebic iyeneben nitratul<br />
marilebs sawarmoo miznebisaTvis. aRniSnuli teritoriebis farglebSi zedapiridan<br />
pirveli wyalSemcavi horizontis udawneo wylebi mniSvnelovnad aris dabinZurebuli,<br />
razec miuTiTebs maTSi amoniumis azotis Semcveloba 1,0 mg/l (zdk 0.39), azotnitratebisa<br />
1,2 mg/l (zdk 0.02).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos umetesi qalaqebisa da soflebis<br />
mosaxleoba sasmelad iyenebs Webisa da wyaroebis wylebs, romlebic Zalze sustad<br />
aris daculi dabinZurebis rogorc anTropo<strong>ge</strong>buli, aseve bunebrivi faqtorebis<br />
zemoqmedebisgan. amis ZiriTadi mizezi aris gruntis wylebis araRrma ganla<strong>ge</strong>ba da<br />
zemodan saimedo safaris ararseboba. aseve, sanitariuli dacvis zonebis pirobebis<br />
daucveloba.<br />
SedarebiT naklebadaa dabinZurebuli wneviani arteziuli da fenTaSorisi wneviani<br />
wylebi, romlebic praqtikulad wyalgaumtari Tixovani qanebis saxuravis arsebobis<br />
gamo, Tavisi gavrcelebis did nawilze, inarCuneben maRal organoleptikur Tvisebebs.<br />
miuxedavad zemoTaRniSnulisa, miwisqveSa fenaTSorisi wylebis dabinZurebis<br />
SemTxvevebs, marTalia iSviaTad, magram mainc qonda adgili.<br />
(mzaddeba)<br />
suraTi: sensituri arteziuli auzebis Wrilebi<br />
3. ZiriTadi gamowvevebi (ZiriTadi problemebi, maT gadasWredad dRemde gatarebuli<br />
zomebi/RonisZiebebi, maTi efeqturoba da naklovanebebi, ra aris damatebiT gasakeTebeli, ra<br />
winaaRmdegobebi/gamowvevebi aris mosalodneli.)<br />
_ saqarTvelos teritoriis fizikur-<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri, klimaturi da sxva bunebrivi<br />
pirobebis mravalferovneba ganapirobebs hidrosferos mdgomareobas. miwisqveSa wylebi,<br />
hidrosferos Semad<strong>ge</strong>neli nawilia. isini xasiaTdebian resursebis raodenobisa da<br />
xarisxis gansakuTrebuli specifiurobiT _ ganaxlebadobiT drois nebismier monakveTSi<br />
da aqedan gamomdinare, swrafad reagireben anTropo<strong>ge</strong>nuli faqtorebis yovelgvar<br />
(negatiur Tu pozitiur) zemoqmedebaze.<br />
samwuxarod, saxelmwifo dReis mdgomareobiT ar flobs srulyofil informacias<br />
vin, sad, ra formiT da mizniT moixmars erovnul simdidres. romeli<br />
wyal<strong>momxmarebeli</strong> obieqtia sareabilitacio, sarekonstruqcio, dasakonservebeli an
salikvidacio. amis mizezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, is rom 15 welze metia rac ar<br />
Catarebula qveynis teritoriaze arsebuli miwisqveSa wylebis obieqtebis<br />
(centralizebuli, lokaluri da korporaciuli wyalamRebebi, erTeuli WaburRilebi,<br />
msxvili bunebrivi gamosavlebi romlebic gamoiyeneba sasmelad) pasportizacia, romlis<br />
mizansac warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns <strong>momxmarebeli</strong> obieqtebis aRricxva, maTi teqnikuri mdgomareobis,<br />
iuridiuli formis da kuTvnilebis dad<strong>ge</strong>na, mopovebuli monacemebis kadastrireba<br />
(arsebuli wesis Sesabamisad) da misTvis saxelmwifo statusis miniWeba.<br />
mravali welia rac, aseve, ar mimdinareobs hidromonitoringi _ mudmivi reJimuli<br />
dakvirveba miwisqveSa wylebis resursebis raodenobasa da xarisxze. daud<strong>ge</strong>nelia<br />
dabinZurebis ra procesebs aqvs adgili da maTi masStabebi. Sesabamisad, ar aris<br />
gansazRvruli, Tu ra RonisZiebebis gatarebaa saWiro imisaTvis, rom es negatiuri<br />
movlenebi srulad aRikveTos an arsebiTad SeizRudos mainc.<br />
aRsaniSnavia isis, rom umravles SemTxvevaSi, adgili aqvs arsebuli<br />
kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa darRvevebs, kerZod: WaburRilebis burRva bevr SemTxvevaSi<br />
xorcieldeba specialuri nebarTvebisa da wiaRiT Sesaxeb informaciis erTian fondSi<br />
registraciis gareSe, ugulvelyofilia wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bis wyaros SerCevisa da<br />
SefasebisaTvis aucilebeli kriteriumebi; irRveva burRvis teqnologiuri procesi; ar<br />
xdeba burRvis monacemTa Sesabamisi formiT dokumentireba, WaburRilis sanitariuli<br />
dacvis zonis moTxovnebi da sxva. yovelive aman, ki SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis resursebis gamoleva, rasac Tan sdevs WaburRilebidan wylis<br />
miRebis Sewyveta, Webis daSroba an bunebrivi wyaroebis gaqroba. garda amisa,<br />
aRniSnuli qmedebebis gamo SeiZleba moxdes sxva xarisxis wylebis Sewova rogorc<br />
ufro Rrmad mdebare horizontebidan aseve, imave horizontis an, gruntis wylebis<br />
horizontebidan, aseve, dabinZurebuli zedapiruli nakadebidan. yovelive es ki, aris<br />
winapiroba wylis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis cvlilebisa. aRniSnuli<br />
darRvevebis gamomwvevi mizezebi, pirvel rigSi, miwisqveSa wylebis dacvis kuTxiT<br />
kontrolis sistemis araefeqturobaSi da samarTlebriv sakanonmdeblo aqtebis<br />
arasrulyofilebaSi unda veZeboT.<br />
samwuxarod, dResac, saqarTvelos TiTqmis mTel teritoriaze intensiurad<br />
mimdinareobs, elementaruli wesebis dacvis gareSe, miwisqveSa wylebis saeqspluatacio<br />
WaburRilebis ukontrolo da aRuricxavi burRva.<br />
garda aRniSnuli problemebisa, aRsaniSnavia mosaxleobisaTvis xelmisawvdomi<br />
sasmeli wylis (m.S. Webidan mosaxleobis mier sasmelad moxmarebuli miwisqveSa<br />
wylebis) xarisxis Seusabamoma moqmed standartebTan. am mxriv, qveyanaSi arsebuli<br />
wylis xarisxi, romelsac sasmelad moixmars qveynis mosaxleoba, ar akmayofilebs<br />
sasmeli wylis miRebul standartebs, rogorc mikrobiologiuri, aseve qimiuri da<br />
radiologiuri Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobis mixedviT. aRniSnuli problema ki Tavis mxriv pirdapir<br />
kavSirSia ufro mZime socialuri, Tu ekonomikuri xasiaTis problematikasTan, rasac<br />
sabolood mniSvnelovan sazogadoebriv zianamde mivyavarT.<br />
_ saqarTvelos <strong>ge</strong>ologiis saxelmwifo departamenti 1970-iani wlebidan,<br />
biujetis saxsrebiT, awarmoebda mudmiv reJimul dakvirvebebs miwisqveSa hidrosferos<br />
ekologiur mdgomareobaze. saqarTveloSi ekologiuri mdgomareobis marTvisa da<br />
operatiuli kontrolis ganxorcielebis mizniT, respublikis mTavrobis 1993w. 31<br />
dekemberis, #967 dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebis safuZvelze, departaments daevala miwisqveSa<br />
hidrosferos mdgomareobis Seswavlis, prognozirebisa da kontrolis erTiani<br />
saxelmwifo monitoringuli sistemis Seqmna, misi racionaluri gamoyenebisa da dacvis<br />
mizniT.<br />
aRniSnuli brZanebulebis Sesabamisad, SemuSavda liTosferos monitoringis<br />
erTiani saxelmwifo sistema da qveynis regionebis teritoriebis farglebSi daiwyo<br />
reJimuli kvlevebi miwisqveSa hidrosferos fonuri mdgomareobis Seswavlis,<br />
wyalSemcvel horizontebze teqno<strong>ge</strong>nuri datvirTvis donis Sefasebisa da miwisqveSa<br />
wylebis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis rekomendaciebis SemuSavebis mizniT.<br />
mravalwliani kvlevebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis analizis safuZvelze momzadda `sainformacio<br />
biuleteni~, romelSic Sefasebulia saqarTvelos miwisqveSa mtknari wylebis<br />
ekologiuri mdgomareoba, romlis safuZvelzec SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos<br />
rogorc zedapiruli, aseve nawilobriv miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebas ara aqvs<br />
mxolod lokaluri xasiaTi da, Sesabamisad, saWiroebs saswrafo reagirebas.<br />
garkveuli mizezebis gamo, monitoringuli kvlevebi 2000-2005 wlebSi tardeboda<br />
mxolod qveynis urbanizebul regionebSi. kvlevebi atarebda erTjerad xasiaTs, ris<br />
gamoc ver moxerxda srulfasovnad Sefasebuli miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiuri<br />
mdgomareoba da, rac mTavaria, raime saxis prognozis gakeTeba. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli
periodis `garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnul moxsenebebSi~, informacia miwisqveSa<br />
hidrosferos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, miwisqveSa wylebis parametrebis dinamikuri<br />
suraTis ar arsebobis gamo, Zalze fragmentul xasiaTs atarebda. samwuxarod,<br />
monitoringuli samuSaoebis warmoeba 2005 wlis Semdeg saerTod Sewyda. aseve, Sewyda<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis kadastris warmoebac.<br />
_ qveynis miwisqveSa hidrosferos ekologiuri mdgomareobis dad<strong>ge</strong>nisa da mtknari<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis daSreta-dabinZurebisagan dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT,<br />
aucilebelia aRd<strong>ge</strong>s hidromonitoringis erTiani saxelmwifo sistema. amisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia, saqarTvelos mtknari miwisqveSa wylebis arteziuli auzebis farglebSi,<br />
winaswar SerCeul ubnebze ganla<strong>ge</strong>bul wyalpunqtebze (wyaroebi, WaburRilebi,<br />
wyalSemkrebi galereebi da sxv.) da maTTan hidrodinamikur kavSirSi myofi zedapirul<br />
wylebze, mudmivmoqmedi monitoringuli sadgurebis (daaxloebiT 50 sadguris) mowyoba<br />
da maTze reJimuli dakvirvebebis warmoeba.<br />
aRniSnuli saSualebas mogvcems gamovavlinoT ukve dabinZurebuli arealebi,<br />
SeZlebisdagvarad ganvsazRvroT maTi dabinZurebis mizezebi, sasmel-sameurneo<br />
wyalmomara<strong>ge</strong>bisaTvis SevarCioT ekologiurad sufTa teritoriebi, gavceT<br />
rekomendaciebi maTi xarisxis aRd<strong>ge</strong>na-SenarCunebis da SevZloT uaxlesi da Soreuli<br />
bunebrivi procesebis prognozireba. da, Tu ver moxerxda daSreTa-dabinZurebis<br />
procesis drouli prevencia, samomavlod, misi SeCereba did teqnikur da finansur<br />
danaxarjebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli.<br />
Cveni azriT, am RonisZiebebis ganaxlebis aucilebloba gansakuTrebiT imiTacaa<br />
ganpirobebuli, rom miwisqveSa mtknari <strong>wyali</strong> warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns yvelaze Zvirfas<br />
wiaRiseuls da sasmelad vargis umaRlesi xarisxis yvelaze saimedod dacul wyaros,<br />
amdenad, igi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas da gafrTxilebas moiTxovs, rac gvarwmunebs<br />
imaSi, rom misi Tanamedrove moTxovnilebis doneze Seswavlis, aTvisebisa da dacvis<br />
ufleba mkacri, konkretuli moTxovnebiT unda iyos nakarnaxevi da, rom am problemis<br />
mogvarebas alternativa ara aqvs.
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