zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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civi konc. gogirdmJava wyalba<strong>da</strong>mde moTavsebul zogierT metals<br />
(mag., Al, Fe, Cr, Ni <strong>da</strong> sxv.) apasiurebs masze mJavaSi uxsnadi oqsiduri<br />
afskis warmoqmnis gamo, magram gacxelebiT konc. gogirdmJava am<br />
metalebTan reaqciaSi Sedis:<br />
Fe + 6H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2↑ + 6H2O<br />
mJavis koncentraciisa <strong>da</strong> reaqciis pirobebis mixedviT aRdgenis<br />
produqti SeiZleba iyos S, H2S:<br />
4Zn + 5H2SO4 → 4ZnSO4 + H2S↑ + 4H2O<br />
koncentrirebuli gogirdmJava, rogorc Zlieri mJangavi, Jangavs ara<br />
marto metalebs, aramed arametalebs <strong>da</strong> bevr rTul nivTierebas:<br />
C + H2SO4 → CO2 + 2SO2↑ + 2H2O<br />
S + 2H2SO4 → 3SO2↑ + 2H2O<br />
2HBr - + H2SO4 → Br - 2 + SO2↑ + 2H2O<br />
8HI + H2SO4 → 4I2 + H2S↑ + 4H2O<br />
konc. gogirdmJava, rogorc Zlieri <strong>da</strong> araaqroladi mJava, marilebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
aZevebs masze Zlier mJavebsac ki, amitom marilebi<strong>da</strong>n mJavebis<br />
misaRebad ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gogirdmJava gamoiyeneba:<br />
KNO3 + H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HNO3<br />
KClO4 + H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HClO4<br />
2NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2HCl<br />
Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 → 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4<br />
konc. gogirdmJava tens xarbad StanTqavs, amitom igi gamoiyeneba,<br />
rogorc wyalwamrTmevi saSualeba. am unaris gamo igi anaxSirebs bevr<br />
organul nivTierebas, Saqars, glukozas <strong>da</strong> a.S.:<br />
C 6H 2O 6<br />
konc. H 2SO 4<br />
6C + 6H 2O<br />
gogirdmJavisa <strong>da</strong> misi marilebis aRmomCenad gamoiyeneba bariumis<br />
xsnadi marilebi:<br />
Ba 2+ + SO4 2- → BaSO4<br />
BaSO4 _ wyalSi <strong>da</strong> mJavaSi uxsnadi TeTri feris naleqia.<br />
gogirdmJavas miReba: mrewvelobaSi gogirdmJavas SO2-is katalizuri<br />
JangviT miRebuli SO3-is konc. (98,3%) gogirdmJavaSi gaxsniT Rebuloben.<br />
SO3 pirvelyovlisa, wyalTan Sedis reaqciaSi:<br />
SO3 +H2O → H2SO4<br />
Semdeg ki iwyeba SO3-is gaxsna gogirdmJavaSi:<br />
H2SO4 + SO3 → H2S2O7<br />
pirogogirdmJava<br />
SO3-is gogirdmJavaSi gaxsnisas miiReba poligogirdmJavebis mTeli<br />
seria: H2S2O7 (H2SO4·SO3), H2S3O10 (H2SO4·2SO3) <strong>da</strong> a.S. H2SO4·nSO3.<br />
O O O<br />
O O<br />
H O S S S OH<br />
H<br />
O O O<br />
wyalbadis trisulfati, H2S3O10<br />
O O O O<br />
O S<br />
O<br />
S<br />
O<br />
S<br />
O<br />
S<br />
O O O O<br />
wyalbadis polisulfati, H2SO4 • nSO3<br />
naxazi 9.<br />
OH<br />
45
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