zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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NH4Cl+NaOH NaCl+NH3 + H2O amoniumis zogierTi marilebis <strong>da</strong>Sla Seqcevadia:<br />
NH4Cl NH3+HCl Seqceva<strong>da</strong>d iSlebian amoniumis is marilebi, romelTa anionebi ar<br />
arian mJangavebi (rogoricaa Cl - ) an susti mJangavebia.<br />
xolo Tu marilis anioni mkveTrad gamoxatuli mJangavia, <strong>da</strong>Sla<br />
mimdinareobs Jangva-aRdgeniT <strong>da</strong> reaqcia Seuqcevadia:<br />
NH4NO3 N2O+2H2O NH4NO2 N2+2H2O (NH4) 2Cr2O7 N2 +Cr2O3 + 4H2O amiaks <strong>da</strong> mis marilebs didi gamoyeneba aqvT. amiaki advilad Txevaddeba,<br />
misi aorTqlebisas didi raodenobiT siTbo STainTqmeba. amitom<br />
amiaki sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gamacivebel mowyobilobaSi gamoiyeneba. misi wyalxsnari<br />
moixmareba medicinasa <strong>da</strong> yofa-cxovrebaSi, xolo Txevadi amiaki<br />
<strong>da</strong> amoniumis marilebi – NH4NO3 <strong>da</strong> (NH4)2SO4, gamoiyeneba sasuqad.<br />
NH4Cl gamoiyeneba samRebro saqmeSi, agreTve metalTa SelRobisas,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c is metalTa ze<strong>da</strong>pirs oqsidebisagan aTavisuflebs. gaxurebuli<br />
metalis NH4Cl-Tan Sexebisas. metalTa ze<strong>da</strong>pirze arsebuli oqsidebi<br />
metalamde aRdgebian an aqrolad qloridebad gar<strong>da</strong>iqmnebian:<br />
4CuO+2NH4C l 3Cu+CuCl2+N2+4H2O Fe3O4+8NH4Cl FeCl2+2FeCl3+8NH3+4H2O amiakis wyalbad-atomebs (miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom amiaki fuZea) metaliT<br />
Canacvlebis unari aqvs. Txevad amiakSi wyalbadis tute metalebiT<br />
nawilobriv Canacvlebis produqtebs amidebi ewodeba (mag., NaNH2):<br />
2NH 3+2Na 2NaNH 2+H 2<br />
wyali amidebs Slis amiakis gamoyofiT:<br />
NaNH2 + H2O → NaOH + NH3↑<br />
rogorc Zlieri wyalwarmTmevi <strong>da</strong> fuZe Tvisebebis mqone naerTi,<br />
NaNH2 gamoiyeneba zogierT organul sinTezSi, mag., indigos <strong>da</strong> zogierTi<br />
samkurnalo preparatis warmoebaSi, agreTve polimerizaciis katalizatorad<br />
(anionuri polimerizacia).<br />
metalebiT sruli Canacvlebisas miRebul naerTebs ki metalTa<br />
nitridebi ewodeba. zogierTi maTgani Li3N, Ca3N2 <strong>da</strong> Mg3N2 miiReba azotTan<br />
metalebis pir<strong>da</strong>piri urTierTqmedebiT:<br />
3Mg+N2 Mg3N2 nitridebi wyliT srulad hidrolizdeba:<br />
Mg3N2 +6H2O 3Mg(OH) 2 +2NH3 amiakis wyalbadis atomebi SeiZleba halogebiTac Cainacvlos. mag.,<br />
NH4Cl-is konc. xsnarze Cl2-is moqmedebiT miiReba NCl3 _ azotis qloridi<br />
(qloris nitridi):<br />
NH4Cl + 3Cl2 → NCl3 + 4HCl<br />
igi mZime siTxea, feTqebadia.<br />
aseTive Tvisebebi aqvs azotis iodids (iodis nitridi). azotis<br />
iodidi miiReba amiakze iodis moqmedebiT:<br />
2NH3 + I2 → 2 NI 3 + 3H2<br />
nestiani azotis iodidi saSiSi ar aris, mSrali ki umniSvnelo<br />
Sexebisas feTqdeba iisferi iodis orTqlis gamoyofiT.<br />
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