saubari fizikis Sesaxeb - Ganatleba
saubari fizikis Sesaxeb - Ganatleba
saubari fizikis Sesaxeb - Ganatleba
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2.3<br />
30<br />
difuzia<br />
cda I<br />
daasxiT saklaso oTaxis kuTxeSi mkveTri sunis<br />
niv Tiereba (mag., niSaduris spirti, eTeri an sunamo).<br />
gavrcelda Tu ara suni mTel oTaxSi? daaxloebiT<br />
ra dro dasWirda sunis gavrcelebas?<br />
wylian WurWelSi CaagdeT iodis mcire zomis<br />
kristali (sur.1). daakvirdiT xsnars da aRwereT,<br />
ra moxda?<br />
sur.2. difuziis mimdinareobis<br />
meqanizmi airebSi.<br />
sunis gavrceleba da xsnaris Seferva TqvenTvis<br />
kargad cnobili movlenebia. gaixseneT, riT aixsneba<br />
isini? Cven mier Catarebul cdebSi surnelovani niv-<br />
Tierebis molekulebi haeris molekulebs Seeria,<br />
iodis molekulebi ki _ wylisas da garkveul man-<br />
Zilze gavrcelda. amasTan maTi Sereva TavisTavad,<br />
yovelgvari Carevis gareSe moxda. movlenas, romlis<br />
drosac nivTierebebi TavisTavad See re va erTmaneTs,<br />
difuzia ewodeba.<br />
difuzia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani da das tu re baa<br />
imi sa, rom nivTiereba calkeuli umciresi nawilakebisgan<br />
Sedgeba da amasTan, nivTierebis Semadgeneli<br />
nawilakebi moZ ra oben: er Ti nivTierebis nawilakebi<br />
SeaRweven meore niv Ti erebis nawilakebs Soris SualedebSi da nivTierebebi<br />
erT maneTs Ta visTavad Seereva (sur.2.). cxadia, nawilakebis moZraobaze uSualo<br />
dakvirveba Se uZ le be lia, magram cdebisa da sxvadasxva movlenebis gaanalizeba<br />
amtkicebs, rom nawilakebi ganuwyvetliv moZraoben, ejaxebian erTmaneTs,<br />
mravaljer icvlian moZraobis mimarTulebas da amitom maT moZraobas uwesrigo,<br />
qaosuri xasiaTi aqvs. amaSi male Tavadac darwmundebiT.<br />
dafiqrdiT:<br />
airis molekulebi Zalian didi siCqariT moZ ra o ben: 1wm-Si ramdenime aseul<br />
metrs gadian. amis gaTvaliswinebiT suni I cdaSi oTaxis yvela kuTxeSi<br />
momentalurad unda gegrZnoT. gaixseneT, daaxloebiT ra droSi igrZeniT<br />
suni? rogor fiqrobT, ratom gavrcelda suni Se da re biT nela?<br />
difuzia xdeba, rogorc airebsa da siTxeebSi, ise myar sxeulebSi, mag ram<br />
siTxeebisa da airebisagan ga nsxvavebiT, myar sxeulebSi difuzia Zalian nela<br />
(zogjer ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi) mimdinareobs.<br />
modiT, CavataroT cda da SevadaroT, erTnairi temperaturis pirobebSi<br />
sad ufro swrafad mimdinareobs difuzia: airebsa Tu siT xe ebSi?<br />
cda II<br />
sur.1.<br />
difuzia airebSi<br />
cdisTvis saWiroa: sinjara, romelsac mWidrod ergeba sacobi, ni Sa duris<br />
spirti, lakmusis qaRaldi (cdis Catarebamde darwmundiT, rom lakmusis<br />
qaRaldi wiTldeba, Tu masze niSaduris spirts daasxurebT).
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