biologia - Ganatleba

2.7
48
translacia
cilis sinTezisaTvis saWiroa rogorc ribosomebisa da i-rnm-s arseboba, ise
saSeni masalac – ami nomJavebi. citoplazmaSi aminomJavebi garkveuli raodenobiT
yovelTvis aris (garedan aRwevs mza saxiT an war mo iqmneba ujredSi cilebis
d
g
c
g
g
a
u
u
u
a
a
c
c
a
c
g
c
u
u
v
daSlis Sede gad).
ribosomebTan aminomJavebi miaqvs satrans-
porto rnm-s (t-rnm-s) (sur. 59).
suraTze naCvenebia t-rnm-s moleku lis
rTuli maryuJisebri struq tura, romelic
a
a c
g a c a c
u g u g
c
T
u
a
g
g
u
g
c
formiT samyu ras foTols mogvagonebs. misi
forma komplementur nukleotidebs Soris
warmoqmnili wyalbaduri bme biT (a, b, g, d
ubnebi) ganisazRvreba. t-rnm-s erT mxa res
(suraTze aRniSnulia e-asoTi) moTav sebulia
g
u
nukleotidebisgan Semdgari trip leti,
c
u
g a
c
a
a
romelsac antikodoni ewodeba. t-rnm-s
sapirispiro mxares (suraTze aRniS nu lia
v-asoTi) monakveTia, romelsac antiko donis
Sesatyvisi aminomJava uerTdeba.
SegaxsenebT, rom cile bis SenebaSi
monawileo bas iRebs 20 sxvadasxva amino mJa va. Sesabamisad, ar sebobs zomiTa
da formiT erTmaneTis msgavsi, magram antikodonis mixedviT erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli, sul mcire, 20 t-rnm.
a
g
g
g
g
a
c
g
a
u c
a g
a
c
c
b
c
a g
g
e
sur. 59. satransporto rnm
1. zog SemTxvevaSi i-rnm-ze pirveli
meore fuZe mesame
SeiZleba warimarTos erT - fuZe u (a) c (g) a (T) g (c) fuZe
dro ulad ramdenime ci lis
molekulis sin Tezi. erTma
neTisagan maT da saci leblad
arsebobs spe cia lu ri
tripletebi, rom le bic ar
Seicaven infor ma cias ami-
u (a)
c (g)
fen
fen
lei
lei
lei
lei
lei
ser
ser
ser
ser
pro
pro
pro
Tir
Tir
his
his
gli
cis
cis
tri
arg
arg
arg
u (a)
c (g)
a (T)
g (c)
u (a)
c (g)
a (T)
no mJavebze, mag ram miu Ti Te-
lei pro gli arg g (c)
ben cilis mole ku lis sin Te-
ile tre asn ser u (a)
zis dasasrulze, anu as ruleben
`sasveni niSnis~ rols.
a (T)
ile
ile
tre
tre
asn
liz
ser
arg
c (g)
a (T)
sxvanairad maT stop-sig -
nalebs uwodeben.
mo ZebneT da amoiwereT cxrilidan
stop-signalebi.
g (c)
meT
val
val
val
val
tre
ala
ala
ala
ala
liz
asp
asp
glu
glu
arg
gli
gli
gli
gli
g (c)
u (a)
c (g)
a (T)
g (c)
sur. 60. genetikuri kodi (radgan informacia ikiTxeba informaciuli
rnm-dan, tripletebi miTiTebulia informaciuli rnm-s mixedviT. frCxilebSi
aRniSnulia dnm-s Sesabamisi tripletebi).