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ilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
S i n a a r s i<br />
giuli SabaSvili, meore enis weriTi komponentis swavlebisas<br />
warmoqmnili sirTuleebi da maTi daZlevis gzebi . . . . .<br />
1<br />
gv. 2<br />
Giuli Shabashvili, Difficulties and their Solutions Emerged during the Second Language<br />
Writing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 13<br />
naTia gorgaZe, doneebad dayofili sakiTxavi masala da kiTxvis gv. 14<br />
efeqturi swavlis meTodebi. . . . . .<br />
Natia Gorgadze, Leveled materials and effective methods of reading instruction . . . . . . . . . . gv. 28<br />
elene jajaniZe, bilingvizmis gavlena bavSvis kognitur<br />
ganviTarebaze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Elene Jajanidze, The influence of the bilingualism on the cognition of the Child<br />
Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
qeTevan goCitaSvili, ferTa aRmniSvneli leqsikis meoreuli<br />
mniSvnelobis swavlebisaTvis qarTulSi. . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Ketevan Gochitashvili, Towards the Teaching of Secondary Meanings of Words,<br />
Expressing Colors in Georgian Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
gv. 29<br />
gv. 36<br />
gv. 37<br />
gv. 41<br />
merab babuxadia, meore enis arasafexurebrivi swrafi swavlebis<br />
meToduri Taviseburebani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 42<br />
Merab Babukhadia, Methodological features of a second language teaching . . . . . . . . . gv. 49
giuli SabaSvili<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
meore enis weriTi komponentis swavlebisas warmoqmnili<br />
sirTuleebi da maTi daZlevis gzebi<br />
abstraqti<br />
naSromSi ganxilulia meore enis weriTi komponentis swavlebisas<br />
warmoqmnili problemebi da mocemulia maTi gadaWris gzebi; kerZod,<br />
warmodgenilia enis swavlebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli ramdenime aspeqti: enis<br />
flobis safexurebi, enis swavlebis kompetenciebi, enis dauflebis sami done<br />
(winadadebis, abzacisa da teqstis doneebi). kvlevisas miRebuli daskvnebi<br />
asaxulia saboloo sqemaSi weris swavlebis aspeqtebis SesaZlo kombinaciebis<br />
CvenebiT.<br />
wera rTuli kognituri procesia,<br />
romelic moicavs ramdenime<br />
safexurs: weris mosamzadebeli<br />
etapi; uSualod weris procesi;<br />
naweris gadaxedva da Semowmeba:<br />
redaqtireba, koreqtura; naweris<br />
prezentacia da Sefaseba. TiToeuli<br />
safexuri Tanabrad mniSvnelovania<br />
da moicavs konkretul meTodebs,<br />
specifikur strategiebsa da<br />
aqtivobebs, romelTa kvlevasa da<br />
Seswavlas araerTi naSromi mieZRvna.<br />
weriTi aqtivoba TavisTavad<br />
gulisxmobs Seqmnis process, iqneba<br />
es narativis an aRweris saSualebiT<br />
informaciis ubralod gadmocema Tu<br />
argumentirebuli / analitikuri<br />
weris principebis meSveobiT<br />
mocemuli informaciis gardaqmna /<br />
damuSaveba. maSasadame, weris procesi<br />
varaudobs deklaraciuli codnis<br />
warmodgenas an mis pirobiT codnad<br />
transformirebas. axali codnis<br />
efeqturad da warmatebiT<br />
konstruireba ki SesaZlebelia<br />
metakognituri, kognituri da<br />
socialuri strategiebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, weris<br />
swavleba moiTxovs yvela am<br />
strategiis gaaqtiurebas da<br />
saswavlo garemoSi, konkretuli<br />
2<br />
miznidan gamomdinare, maT<br />
gaazrebulad, TanmimdevrobiT an<br />
CanacvlebiT gamoyenebas.<br />
meore enis weriTi komponentis<br />
swavlebisas warmoqmnili<br />
sirTuleebi<br />
weris unarebis daufleba<br />
gansakuTrebiT rTuldeba meore enis<br />
swavlebis SemTxvevaSi, radgan<br />
kognituri procesebis paralelurad,<br />
Semswavleli dgas enobrivi<br />
kompetenciis amaRlebis problemis<br />
winaSec.<br />
qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi<br />
meore enis swavleba SedarebiT<br />
axali mimarTulebaa, amdenad,<br />
maswavleblebi saswavlo procesSi<br />
araerT problemas awydebian.<br />
gansakuTrebul sirTules warmoadgens<br />
meore enis weriTi<br />
komponentis swavleba, radgan igi,<br />
erTi mxriv, dakavSirebulia<br />
sxvadasxva kompetenciebis aTvisebis<br />
strategiebTan, xolo, meore mxriv,<br />
codnis transformirebasa da<br />
konstruirebasTan, saboloo jamSi<br />
ki _ ama Tu im Janris teqstis<br />
Seqmnis unarebis CamoyalibebasTan.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, qarTul<br />
saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi meore
enis swavleba mimdinareobs ramdenime<br />
doneze: bilingvuri skolebi; enis<br />
swavlebis programebi mozardTaTvis;<br />
qarTul enaSi mosamzadebeli<br />
programa (www.mes.gov.ge). miuxedavad<br />
amisa, weriTi komponentis swavlebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, met-naklebad msgavsi<br />
sirTuleebi iCens Tavs.<br />
upirveles yovlisa, erT-erT<br />
mniSvnelovan bariers warmoadgens<br />
saqarTvelos araqarTulenovani<br />
mosaxleobis qarTuli enis flobis<br />
dabali done da, Sesabamisad, dabali<br />
lingvisturi kompetencia. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, weris swavlebisas<br />
umetes SemTxvevaSi, xdeba mxolod<br />
deklaraciuli codnis SeZena da<br />
gaaqtiureba, rac, TavisTavad,<br />
gulisxmobs saswavlo procesSi<br />
mxolod codnis gadmocemis modelis<br />
gamoyenebas. sagakveTilo /<br />
satreningo / sauniversiteto kursi<br />
SedarebiT naklebad igeba codnis<br />
transformirebis modelis safu-<br />
Zvelze. swavlebis meTodebi da<br />
strategiebic, Sesabamisad, mimar-<br />
Tulia pirveli tipis modelis<br />
aTvisebisa da daxvewisaken da<br />
Semswavlelebs ufro metad<br />
gamzadebuli konstruqciebi da<br />
formebi eZlevaT, rac xels uwyobs<br />
mxolod gramatikuli da, metnaklebad,<br />
strategiuli kompetenciebis<br />
dauflebas. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
sociolingvisturi da kulturuli<br />
kompetenciebis gaaqtiureba saswavlo<br />
procesis dagegmvisas avtomaturad<br />
inacvlebs ukana planze. garkveul<br />
sirTules warmoadgens aseve<br />
bunebrivi, avTenturi, sociolingvisturi<br />
da kulturuli kompetenciebis<br />
amaRlebisken mimarTuli<br />
saswavlo masalisa da teqstebis<br />
simwire.<br />
bunebrivad ismis kiTxva: rogor<br />
daiZleva aRniSnuli sirTuleebi?<br />
ras gulisxmobs meore enis weriTi<br />
komponentis swavleba? ra tipis<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
3<br />
strategiebis gamoyenebiT miiRweva<br />
es? naSromis mizania am kiTxvebze<br />
pasuxis gacema, konkretuli<br />
aqtivobebis aRwera, maTi Teoriuli<br />
safuZvlebis ganxilva da kvlevis<br />
analitikuri da raodenobrivi<br />
meTodebis gamoyenebiT, praqtikuli<br />
Sedegebis Cveneba, Tsu humanitarul<br />
mecnierebaTa fakultetze mosamzadebeli<br />
programis farglebSi<br />
araqarTulenovan studentebTan<br />
ganxorcielebuli eqsperimentebis<br />
Sedegebis warmodgena.<br />
meore enis weriTi komponentis<br />
swavlebis procesSi<br />
gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtorebi<br />
weriTi komponentis swavleba<br />
sxvadasxva aspeqtis gaaqtiurebisa da<br />
enis flobis doneebis mixedviT unda<br />
ganxorcieldes. upirveles yovlisa,<br />
enis flobis sxvadasxva safexuris<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, weris swavlebis<br />
procesSi gamovyofT motoruli<br />
unarebis, winadadebis, abzacisa da<br />
teqstis doneebs. weris miznebidan<br />
gamomdinare, aseve viTvaliswinebT<br />
weris dros codnis gadmocemisa da<br />
codnis transformirebis modelebs,<br />
agreTve, konkretuli miznebis<br />
mixedviT _ weris etapebsa da<br />
safexurebs. weris swavlebisas<br />
aucileblad unda miviRoT<br />
mxedvelobaSi enis dauflebis<br />
kompetenciebic. statiaSi<br />
ganxilulia enis flobis mxolod<br />
A1-B2 doneebis maxasiaTeblebi.<br />
enobrivi /komunikaciuri<br />
kompetenciebi<br />
enobrivi, igive komunikaciuri<br />
kompetencia aris interdisciplinuri<br />
fenomeni, romelic enobrivi<br />
saSualebebis meSveobiT ama Tu im<br />
qmedebis ganxorcielebis
SesaZleblobas iZleva (enis flobis<br />
doneebis evropuli sistema).<br />
enobrivi / komunikaciuri kompetencia<br />
- es aris sametyvelo qmedebis<br />
ganxorcielebis unari konkretuli<br />
miznebisa da saurTierTo situaciis<br />
mixedviT, Sesaswavl enaSi arsebuli<br />
saSualebebiT. enobrivi /<br />
komunikaciuri kompetenciis<br />
safuZvelia im unarebis erToblioba,<br />
romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs,<br />
sametyvelo aqtSi (maT Soris<br />
sametyvelo qmedebis produqciul da<br />
recefciul saxeobebSi) miviRoT<br />
monawileoba. enobrivi /<br />
komunikaciuri kompetenciebi moicavs<br />
kompetenciebis Semdeg tipebs:<br />
• lingvisturi kompetencia:<br />
enobrivi sistemis codna; enis<br />
gramatikuli wesebisa da<br />
leqsikis gamoyeneba; enobrivi<br />
sistemis meSveobiT sxvisi<br />
mosazrebebis gageba da<br />
sakuTari damokidebulebis<br />
gamoxatvis unari. lingvisturi<br />
kompetencia komunikaciuri unar-<br />
Cvevebis mTavari komponentia,<br />
Semswav-lelebis mier igi<br />
iseTive mniSvnelobiTa da<br />
warmatebiT gamoiyeneba, rogorc<br />
mSobliuri enis matarebelTa<br />
mier.<br />
• diskursuli kompetencia:<br />
vrceli Sinaarsis interpretacia;<br />
vrceli adekvaturi da<br />
logikuri teqstis Seqmna.<br />
diskursuli kompetencia niSnavs<br />
teqstis konstruirebisa da<br />
interpretirebisaTvis Semswavlelis<br />
mier garkveuli<br />
strategiis gamoyenebis unars.<br />
• socialuri kompetencia:<br />
komunikaciis procesSi enis<br />
adekvaturi gamoyeneba. socialuri<br />
kompetencia gamoixateba<br />
sxvebTan urTierTobis sur-<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
4<br />
vilsa da SesaZleblobaSi,<br />
komunikaciur situaciaSi sworad<br />
da adekvaturad orientirebisa<br />
da molaparakis mier<br />
komunikaciuri gadawyvetilebisa<br />
da situaciis Sesabamisad<br />
gamonaTqvamis adekvaturad<br />
agebis unarSi.<br />
• strategiuli kompetencia:<br />
komunikaciuri marcxis gaazreba;<br />
konkretuli enis Sesaxeb<br />
arsebuli codnis gaanalizeba.<br />
am kompetenciis meSveobiT<br />
Semswavlels SeuZlia enaSi<br />
arsebuli xarvezebis Sevseba,<br />
aramSobliurenovan garemoSi<br />
sametyvelo da socialuri<br />
gamocdilebis SeZena.<br />
• sociokulturuli kompetencia:<br />
sociumis Sesaxeb arsebuli<br />
codnis gamoyeneba; sociokulturul<br />
garemoSi Seqmnil<br />
situaciebSi orientirebis,<br />
sirTuleebis gadalaxvis unari.<br />
sociokulturuli kompetencia<br />
gulisxmobs enis matareblebis<br />
socialuri da sametyvelo<br />
qmedebis Taviseburebebis gacnoba<br />
/ gaazrebas, magaliTad:<br />
tradiciebi, Cvevebi, socialuri<br />
mdgomareoba, ritualebi, qveyanaTmcodneoba.<br />
Semswavlels<br />
agreTve unda gamoumuSavdes<br />
konkretuli saSualebebis meSveobiT<br />
socialur komunikaciaSi<br />
am codnis gamoyenebis unari<br />
(miRwevebisa da meTodebis<br />
swavleba, komunikaciuri kompetencia,<br />
2012; qarTuli enis<br />
flobis doneebis aRweriloba,<br />
2006, gv. 10; komunikaciuri<br />
kompetenciis saxelmZRvanelo,<br />
2009, gv. 18-20).<br />
meore enis weriTi komponentis<br />
swavlebisas mniSvnelovania yvela<br />
kompetenciis etapobrivad daufleba.<br />
TiToeuli kompetenciis miznebisa da<br />
dasauflebeli unarebidan
gamomdinare, SeiZleba Sevi umuSaoT<br />
swavlebis procesSi maTi miwodebisa<br />
da gaaqtiurebis erTgvari<br />
Tanmimdevroba.<br />
meore enis Semswavlels A1<br />
doneze ufro metad unda<br />
gavuaqtiuroT lingvisturi da<br />
strategiuli kompetenciebi. A1 done<br />
- es aris etapi, romelzec<br />
SemswavlelisTvis saintereso<br />
Temebze saubris dawyeba da<br />
gagrZelebaa saWiro; amasTanave,<br />
Semswavleli ar eyrdnoba mxolod<br />
dazepirebul frazaTa SezRudul<br />
repertuars, romelic exeba<br />
gansazRvrul situacias (qarTuli<br />
enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba,<br />
2006, gv. 12). amdenad, swavlebis<br />
strategiebi mimarTuli unda iyos<br />
swored am kompetenciebis<br />
asamaRleblad.<br />
A2 done Seesabameba safuZvlis<br />
donis specifikaciebs. swored am<br />
doneze warmoCndeba im deskriptorTa<br />
umetesoba, romlebic enis socialur<br />
funqcias asaxavs da romlebic exeba<br />
yoveldRiur yofiT Temebs (iqve, gv.<br />
12). amdenad, calsaxaa, rom swavlebis<br />
am safexurze lingvisturi da<br />
strategiuli kompetenciebis<br />
paralelurad, yuradReba unda<br />
mivaqcioT socialuri kompetenciis<br />
amaRlebas. Semswavlels aseve<br />
SeiZleba nawilobriv mivawodoT<br />
sociokulturuli kompetenciis<br />
komponentebi.<br />
B1 done. Semswavlels am doneze<br />
SeuZlia dialogis warmarTva da<br />
komunikaciis miznis miRweva mTel<br />
rig gansxvavebul situaciaSi; neli<br />
tempiT warmarTuli xangrZlivi<br />
saubris gageba, sakuTari azris<br />
gamoTqma, martivi enobrivi<br />
saSualebebis didi odenobiT<br />
gamoyeneba, gasagebad saubari. garda<br />
amisa, Semswavlels, romelic enis am<br />
dones flobs, SeuZlia daZlios<br />
yovelgvari cxovrebiseuli amocanebi<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
5<br />
(iqve, gv. 13). Sesabamisad, swavlebis<br />
am safexurze meore enis<br />
Semswavlels lingvisturi,<br />
strategiuli da socialuri<br />
kompetenciebis floba saSualebas<br />
unda aZlevdes, aimaRlos<br />
sociokulturuli kompetencia<br />
sxvadasxva tipis teqstis meSveobiT.<br />
am donezeve nawilobriv aqtiurdeba<br />
diskursuli kompetencia.<br />
B2 done dgas zRvrul da<br />
safuZvel doneebze (B1, A2) maRla da<br />
ewodeba zRvruli ganviTarebis done.<br />
am doneze myof Semswavlels<br />
SeuZlia sakuTari Tvalsazrisis<br />
dacva saTanado argumentebisa da<br />
ganmartebebis moSveliebiT, sakuTari<br />
komentarebis demonstrirebiT,<br />
sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamoxatva<br />
aqtualuri sakiTxebis irgvliv<br />
dadebiT Tu uaryofiT argumentebze<br />
dayrdnobiT. garda amisa, cnobilia,<br />
rom aRniSnul doneze Cndeba<br />
deskriptorTa axali jgufi: 1.<br />
deskriptorebi exeba Tavisufali<br />
urTierTobis sferos, magaliTad,<br />
bunebrivi saubris warmarTva,<br />
miwodebuli informaciis<br />
dawvrilebiT gageba. 2. deskriptorTa<br />
meore jgufi miekuTvneba enis ufro<br />
srulyofilad flobas. es enis<br />
codnis is progresuli safexuria,<br />
roca Semswavlels SeuZlia<br />
gaugebrobis gamomwvevi Secdomebis<br />
gasworeba, Tavisi metyvelebis<br />
gakontroleba (iqve, gv. 14-15). am<br />
doneze yvela zemoT aRniSnuli<br />
kompetenciis paralelurad,<br />
aqtiurdeba diskursuli<br />
kompetenciac, rac sxvadasxva tipis<br />
organizebuli teqstis Seqmniskenaa<br />
mimarTuli.<br />
weris procesis doneebi<br />
enis flobis sxvadasxva<br />
safexurze sxvadasxva donis<br />
werilobiTi amocanis daZlevaa<br />
aucilebeli. arsebuli werilobiTi
amocanebis etapobrivad dasaZlevad<br />
ki yvelaze efeqtur midgomad<br />
SeiZleba miviCnioT winadadebis,<br />
abzacisa da teqstis doneebis<br />
gamoyofa. werilobiTi aqtivobebic<br />
am doneebis Sesabamisad unda<br />
mivawodoT Semswavlels. enis<br />
swavlebis A1 safexurze motoruli<br />
unarebis gasaviTarebeli aqtivobebis<br />
paralelurad, winadadebis donesTan<br />
dakavSirebuli davalebebisa da<br />
savarjiSoebis miwodebaa aucilebeli<br />
lingvisturi da strategiuli<br />
kompetenciebis ganviTarebis mizniT.<br />
A1 safexurze Semswavlelis<br />
socialuri kompetenciis amaRleba<br />
moiTxovs winadadebisa da abzacis<br />
doneebis ganviTarebas. enis<br />
Seswavlis B1 safexurze myofTaTvis<br />
aucilebelia winadadebisa da<br />
abzacis doneebis gamyareba /<br />
gaZliereba SedarebiT rTuli<br />
aqtivobebis daxmarebiT, raTa am<br />
doneze gaaqtiurebuli sociokulturuli<br />
kompetenciis meSveobiT,<br />
Semswavlelebs warmatebuli werilobiTi<br />
komunikaciis damyarebis<br />
unarebi gamoumuSavdeT. rac Seexeba<br />
enis Seswavlis B2 safexurs,<br />
damatebiTi diskursuli kompetenciis<br />
gasaaqtiureblad aucilebelia weris<br />
swavlebis procesSi teqstis donis<br />
Semotana, rac gulisxmobs<br />
organizebuli, argumentirebuli<br />
teqstis Seqmnis unarebis<br />
gamomuSavebas.<br />
winadadebis done<br />
am doneze sruldeba sxvadasxva<br />
tipis savarjiSo martivi da rTuli<br />
winadadebebis farglebSi.<br />
Semswavlels unda SeeZlos rogorc<br />
winadadebaSi araswori formebis<br />
amocnoba da gasworeba, ise,<br />
konkretuli miznebidan gamomdinare,<br />
sxvadasxva Sinaarsisa da modalobis<br />
winadadebis Sedgena. qvemoT mogvyavs<br />
aqtivobebis CamonaTvali, romlebic<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
6<br />
maswavlebels gamoadgeba sawyis<br />
doneze weriTi procesis efeqturad<br />
warmarTvaSi.<br />
• sityvebis Casma;<br />
• mocemuli sityvebis mixedviT<br />
winadadebebis Sedgena;<br />
• winadadebis dasruleba;<br />
• winadadebis gamarTva;<br />
• kiTxvebze dadebiTi an<br />
uaryofiTi pasuxis gacema;<br />
• kiTxvebis Sedgena;<br />
• martivi dialogis Sedgena;<br />
• winadadebis Secvla zmnis<br />
piris, droisa da ricxvis<br />
mixedviT;<br />
• mocemul Temaze winadadebebis<br />
Sedgena.<br />
abzacis done<br />
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, enis<br />
flobis dabal safexurze myofi<br />
SemswavlelisTvis nel-nela<br />
aqtiurdeba abzacis donec. codnis<br />
gadmocemis modelis paralelurad,<br />
Semswavlels aq etapobrivad<br />
miewodeba ramdenime kognituri da<br />
metakognituri strategia.<br />
lingvisturi kompetenciis mixedviT<br />
gamarTuli winadadebebis<br />
safuZvelze, Semswavleli eufleba<br />
erT konkretul sakiTxTan /<br />
movlenasTan / faqtTan / nivTTan<br />
dakavSirebuli abzacis (mokle<br />
martivi teqstis) Seqmnis unarebs.<br />
Semswavlels SeiZleba SevTavazoT<br />
mis mier Seqmnili modaluri<br />
winadadebebis ganvrcoba konkretuli<br />
miTiTebuli an sakuTari<br />
magaliTebiT.<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori,<br />
romelic am etapze unda<br />
gaviTvaliswinoT, aris unari,<br />
Semswavlelma SeZlos mis mier an<br />
Tanajgufelis mier Seqmnili<br />
abzacis gadakiTxva, gadamowmeba,<br />
gaazreba. swored abzacis doneze<br />
unda gavaaqtiuroT erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani kognituri strategia:<br />
naweris Semowmeba.<br />
imisaTvis, rom weris procesSi<br />
Semswavlelma logikurad SeZlos<br />
abzacis gamarTva, misi yuradReba<br />
unda gavamaxviloT winadadebebis<br />
gadabmis mizniT wevr-kavSirebis<br />
gamoyenebaze da am TvalsazrisiT<br />
sagangebod Seqmnili savarjiSoebi<br />
SevTavazoT mas.<br />
ar unda dagvaviwydes isic, rom<br />
swored abzacis dones unda<br />
davukavSiroT Semswavlelis<br />
sociokulturuli kompetenciis<br />
amaRleba. amdenad, am SemTxvevaSi<br />
saklaso garemoSi unda SevitanoT<br />
specialuri adaptirebuli teqstebi,<br />
romelTa gaazrebis safuZvelzec<br />
Semswavlelebi, erTi mxriv,<br />
Seasruleben weriT davalebebs,<br />
xolo, meore mxriv, gaecnobian<br />
maTTvis aramSobliuri sociumis<br />
socialur da kulturul specifikas.<br />
am tipis teqstebi, teqstis<br />
sirTulidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa<br />
SemswavlelisTvis mSobliur enazec<br />
iyos warmodgenili.<br />
• movlenis / faqtis / nivTis<br />
aRwera ramdenime winadadebiT;<br />
• kavSirebisa da winadadebebis<br />
gadabmis saSualebebis<br />
gamoyeneba;<br />
• asociaciur kiTxvebze pasuxis<br />
gacema;<br />
• kiTxvaze dasabuTebuli<br />
pasuxis gacema;<br />
• sakvanZo winadadebis Seqmna;<br />
• sakvanZo winadadebis ganvrcoba<br />
konkretuli magaliTebiT<br />
/ argumentebiT;<br />
• sakuTari damokidebulebis<br />
gamoxatva;<br />
• winadadebebis logikuri<br />
TanmimdevrobiT dalageba;<br />
• abzacSi Sinaarsobrivad<br />
Seusabamo winadadebebis povna<br />
da amoReba;<br />
• konkretuli miznis<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
7<br />
Sesabamisad logikurad<br />
gamarTuli abzacis Seqmna;<br />
• Semowmeba.<br />
teqstis done<br />
meore enis weriTi komponentis<br />
swavlebis dros erT-erTi rTuli<br />
amocanaa axali ideebis<br />
formulireba, pirobiTi codnis<br />
Seqmna kognituri da metakognituri<br />
strategiebis gamoyenebiT, teqstis<br />
tipebisa da maTi Seqmnis specifikis<br />
gaTvaliswineba, teqstis<br />
struqturuli organizeba, naweris<br />
Semowmeba. logikurad gamarTuli<br />
argumentirebuli / analitikuri<br />
teqstis Seqmnisas enis Semswavleli<br />
ramdenime Tanamdev process<br />
axorcielebs: informaciis<br />
konstruireba, informaciis<br />
transformacia da misi<br />
organizebulad gavrcoba (meli,<br />
Camoti, 1990, 42). amave dros, teqstis<br />
Semqmnelma unda gaiTvaliswinos<br />
socialuri da sociokulturuli<br />
aspeqtebis specifika, adekvaturad<br />
gaiazros treneris mier miwodebuli<br />
masala an sxvadasxva wyarodan<br />
moiZios misTvis saWiro informacia.<br />
bunebrivia, rom am doneze<br />
teqstis Seqmna SedarebiT maRal<br />
lingvistur kompetencias moiTxovs,<br />
miuxedavad amisa, enobrivi<br />
Secdomebis analizi da aqtivobebi am<br />
SemTxvevaSic unda mivawodoT enis<br />
Semswavlels.<br />
enobrivi transferi erT-erTi<br />
mniSvnelovani kognituri faqtoria,<br />
romelic enobrivi Secdomebis<br />
daSvebis sixSires ukavSirdeba<br />
(mailesi, 2002), Tumca, misi gamoyeneba<br />
dasaSvebia teqstis Seqmnis procesSi.<br />
Targmanis strategiebis gamoyenebiT<br />
Semswavlelma SeiZleba ideebi<br />
Camoayalibos da daalagos<br />
mSobliur enaze, xolo Semdeg
warmoadginos da organizebuli<br />
forma misces meore enaze (purpura,<br />
1999).<br />
teqstis doneze wamoWrili<br />
sirTuleebisa da amocanebis<br />
dasaZlevad aucilebelia saklaso<br />
garemoSi Semdegi tipis aqtivobebis<br />
ganxorcieleba:<br />
• ideebis generacia, zepiri<br />
msjeloba;<br />
• adaptirebuli/avTenturi<br />
teqstis kritikuli wakiTxva,<br />
gaazreba, damuSaveba, analizi;<br />
• konkretuli miznidan<br />
gamomdinare, teqstidan<br />
arsebiTi informaciis amoReba<br />
da mis safuZvelze sakuTari<br />
mosazrebebisa da<br />
damokidebulebis werilobiT<br />
gadmocema saTanado<br />
argumentebiT, citirebisa da<br />
perifrazis xerxebis<br />
meSveobiT;<br />
• mokle Sinaarsis Seqmna;<br />
• teqstis struqturis gacnoba<br />
(Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili,<br />
daskvna);<br />
• teqstis calkeuli nawilebis<br />
Seqmna;<br />
• teqstis Seqmnis mosamzadebeli<br />
etapebi mSobliur enaze, amis<br />
Semdeg ki organizebuli<br />
teqstis Seqmna meore enaze;<br />
• sxvadasxva tipis teqstis<br />
(argumentirebuli, funqciuri)<br />
Seqmna.<br />
enis swavlebis safexurebis<br />
mixedviT saklaso garemoSi<br />
maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos<br />
ramdenime strategia erTdroulad an<br />
Tanmimdevrulad, raTa<br />
Semswavlelebs hqondeT maRali<br />
motivacia da gamoumuSavdeT enis<br />
flobis donis Sesabamisi<br />
komunikaciuri kompetenciebi. amaSi<br />
enis weriTi komponentis<br />
Semswavlels xels Seuwyobs rogorc<br />
individualuri, ise jgufuri<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
8<br />
muSaobis strategiebi. gTavazoT<br />
aqtivobebis CamonaTvals, romelTa<br />
ganxorcielebaa SesaZlebeli<br />
rogorc jgufuri, ise<br />
individualuri muSaobis dros.<br />
individualuri muSaoba<br />
• vizualuri, audio da<br />
werilobiTi teqstis analizi;<br />
• teqstis calkeuli nawilebis<br />
gamoyofa da Sefaseba;<br />
• teqstTan dakavSirebuli<br />
zedsarTavebisa da zmnebis<br />
Camowera;<br />
• mocemuli leqsikuri erTeulebis<br />
safuZvelze mcire<br />
teqstis Seqmna;<br />
• teqstis Semowmeba;<br />
• studentisTvis mniSvnelovani<br />
nacionaluri nivTis istoriis<br />
gadmocema, aRwera, mSoblebisa<br />
da naTesavebis interviu, avtoris<br />
damokidebulebis warmodgena;<br />
• teqstisa da nivTis prezentacia;<br />
• SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema.<br />
jgufuri muSaoba<br />
• mosmena, vizualizacia;<br />
• ideebis akumulireba, msjeloba;<br />
• individualurad Seqmnili<br />
teqstis gacvla da Semowmeba,<br />
enobrivi, azrobrivi,<br />
logikuri Secdomebis povna da<br />
gasworeba;<br />
• nacnob Temaze erToblivi<br />
prezentaciis momzadeba;<br />
• sareklamo teqstis jgufurad<br />
momzadeba;<br />
• mocemul Temaze gonebrivi<br />
ieriSis meSveobiT nacnobi<br />
leqsikis, frazeologiisa da<br />
SekiTxvebis Camowera;<br />
• Camowerili leqsikuri da<br />
frazeologiuri masalis<br />
safuZvelze maswavleblis mier<br />
damatebiTi leqsikis, fraze-
ologiisa da SekiTxvebis<br />
swavleba (donis gaTvaliswinebiT);<br />
• mocemul masalaze erToblivi<br />
teqstis Seqmna da jgufuri<br />
prezentacia.<br />
Semswavlels SeiZleba mivawodoT<br />
suraTi / foto da mis safuZvelze<br />
vTxovoT teqstis Seqmna. davaleba<br />
miznad unda isaxavdes SemswavlelSi<br />
rogorc codnis gadmocemis, ise<br />
codnis transormaciis modelebis<br />
gaaqtiurebas. kerZod, auditorias<br />
unda vTxovoT 1. suraTis aRwera (vin<br />
aris gamosaxuli? sad xdeba<br />
moqmedeba? rodis xdeba moqmedeba?);<br />
2. sakuTari varaudebis gamoTqma (ras<br />
fiqroben personaJebi? ra asakisa da<br />
profesiis arian personaJebi? raze<br />
saubroben personaJebi? ra mizniT<br />
aris xalxi Sekrebili? sad midian<br />
suraTze / fotoze gamosaxuli<br />
adamianebi? da a. S.). pirvel<br />
SemTxvevaSi Semswavleli weris<br />
procesSi axdens informaciis<br />
konstruirebas, xolo meore<br />
SemTxvevaSi - informaciis<br />
transformaciasa da gavrcobas. am<br />
aqtivobis Semdeg maswavlebeli amow-<br />
mebs nawerebs da mimdinareobs<br />
Secdomebisa da miRebuli teqstis<br />
susti da Zlieri mxareebis ganxilva.<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />
maxvildeba imaze, Tu ramdenad<br />
logikurad ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs<br />
suraTi:<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
9<br />
calkeuli frazebi, gamoiyena Tu ara<br />
avtorma mravalferovani leqsika,<br />
wevr-kavSirebi, modaluri<br />
winadadebebi, enobrivi saSualebebi?<br />
ramdenad calsaxad da<br />
damajereblad gamoxata sakuTari<br />
pozicia? amis Semdeg moswavleebi /<br />
studentebi/treningis monawileebi<br />
iwyeben zepir msjelobas,<br />
informaciis gacvlas, gamoTqvamen<br />
sakuTar mosazrebebs, usvamen<br />
erTmaneTs SekiTxvebs. saboloo<br />
jamSi, am tipis aqtivoba xels<br />
uwyobs weris procesSi<br />
Semswavlelis abzacisa da teqstis<br />
donis gaRrmavebas/gaaqtiurebas da<br />
saSualebas aZlevs mas maRali<br />
motivaciis safuZvelze maqsimalurad<br />
gamoavlinos fantazia, codna.<br />
qvemoT mocemuli suraTis<br />
mixedviT, Tsu qarTul enaSi<br />
mosamzadebeli programis<br />
studentebma Seqmnes Semdegi<br />
teqstebi; warmovadgenT ramdenime<br />
maTgans:
teqstebi:<br />
I.<br />
aRabegi<br />
am suraTze vxedavT 4 adamians.<br />
samni sxedan da erTi dadis Tavisi<br />
xelbargiT. Cemi azriT, es suraTi<br />
aeroportSi aris daxatuli, radgan<br />
arc erT quCaSi ver vipoviT msgavs<br />
skamebs. da bankic ar aris, radgan<br />
bankebSi obrblebian CanTebiT ar<br />
dadian. samni TavianT reiss<br />
elodebian. isini kolegebi arian,<br />
saTvaleebiani da meloti kaci am<br />
samis Soris yvelaze moxucia.<br />
Soridan Cans daRlil-daqanculi<br />
mgzavri. azrze ara var, ratom aqvs<br />
mas Tavi msxlis formisa, albaT<br />
varcxnilobis bralia. SegviZlia<br />
vTqvaT, rom kaci Soridan Camosula.<br />
amas mowmobs misi daRlili siaruli<br />
da sakmaod didi xelbargi.<br />
II.<br />
karine<br />
am suraTze gamosaxulia<br />
aeroporti. am suraTze gamosaxulia<br />
oTxi kaci, sadac skamze sxedian sami<br />
kaci, viRaca elodebian. am sami kaci<br />
moxuci arian. zamTaria, isini<br />
Cacmuli iyvnen Tbili tansacmelebi.<br />
saTvaliani adamiani Zalian<br />
mowyenili iyo. isini laparakobdnen,<br />
rom ukve gviania, magram<br />
TviTmfrinavi jer ar mosula. am sami<br />
kaci saqarTvelos mdidari kacebi<br />
arian, isini eSinoda, rom raRacebi<br />
ar iyo rom misi kolekebi ukve sami<br />
saaTia aeroporti ar iyvnen. erTi<br />
kaci bargiT midis saxlSi. am sami<br />
kaci fiqrobdnen, rom am bargSi aris<br />
Tavisi fuli. am suraTze marto<br />
gamosaxulia skami da sami kaci,<br />
saTvaliani kaci cota Tma aqvs. ori<br />
kaci Zalian grZeli Tma aqvT, saxebi<br />
kargad ar Cans.<br />
teqstebis analizi:<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
10<br />
moyvanili masalidan Cans, rom<br />
pirveli teqstis avtori SedarebiT<br />
ukeTesad flobs qarTuls, vidre<br />
meore teqstis avtori. garda amisa,<br />
pirveli teqsti Seqmnilia<br />
azerbaijanulenovani studentis<br />
mier, xolo meore teqsti ekuTvnis<br />
somxurenovan axalgazrdas. maT mier<br />
daSvebuli enobrivi Secdomebi<br />
tipuria, amdenad, studentebs naweris<br />
gasworebis Semdeg yuradReba<br />
gavumaxvileT ZiriTad Secdomebze.<br />
amis Semdeg, abzacis donis<br />
Sesabamisad, teqstebSi yuradRebas<br />
vamaxvilebT azrobriv tavtologiasa<br />
da logikur wyobaze. rogorc<br />
vxedavT, orive studentma aRwerisas<br />
ramdenjerme gaimeora erTi da igive<br />
informacia: pirvel SemTxvevaSi<br />
xelbargis, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi<br />
_ skamisa da mgzavrebis saxiT.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom es davaleba<br />
Seasrula 50-ma studentma da<br />
gamoikveTa kidev ramdenime saerTo<br />
tendencia. teqstebis avtorebi<br />
naklebad iyeneben sxvadasxva<br />
zedsarTav saxels. aseve mwiria wevrkavSirTa<br />
xmarebis raodenoba<br />
winadadebebis logikuri gadabmis<br />
mizniT. weris swavlebis procesSi<br />
swored am sust mxareebze unda<br />
gavumaxviloT weris Semswavlelebs<br />
yuradReba da zemoT moyvanili<br />
strategiebis gamoyenebiT vaswavloT<br />
kargad organizebuli abzacis agebis<br />
xerxebi da saSualebebi.<br />
sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
weris swavleba, iseve, rogorc<br />
sakuTriv wera, rTuli procesia,<br />
amitom igi unda iyos kargad<br />
dagegmili da organizebuli, raTa<br />
Semswavlelma SeZlos arsebuli,<br />
deklaraciuli codnidan pirobiTi<br />
codnis CaTvliT da maTze<br />
dafuZnebiT, sxvadasxva tipis teqstis
Seqmna, konkretuli informaciis<br />
ganzogadeba kognituri,<br />
metakognituri da socialuri<br />
strategiebis meSveobiT. meore enis<br />
weriTi komponentis swavleba ar<br />
unda Semoifarglebodes<br />
SemswavlelisaTvis mxolod<br />
lingvisturi kompetenciis<br />
amaRlebiT, sagakveTilo/saleqcio<br />
procesSi, konkretuli miznis<br />
Sesabamisad, konkretuli<br />
safexurebisa da doneebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, efeqturi Sedegis<br />
misaRebad, gaazrebulad da zomierad<br />
enis<br />
flobis<br />
done<br />
A1 motoruli unarebi;<br />
A2<br />
gramatikuli kompetencia;<br />
strategiuli<br />
kompetencia<br />
gramatikuli kompetencia;<br />
strategiuli<br />
petencia;kom-<br />
sociokulturuli<br />
kompetencia<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
11<br />
unda gamoiyenebodes ramdenime<br />
strategia. dasasrul, daskvnis<br />
saxiT, mocemulia sqema, romelSic<br />
Sejamebulia weris swavlebis<br />
sxvadasxva aspeqti da maTi kveTa<br />
enis flobis ama Tu im safexurze,<br />
rac weris swavlebiT dainteresebul<br />
pirebs saSualebas miscems saswavlo<br />
procesSi weriTi amocanebisa da<br />
maTTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis<br />
daZlevis mizniT, yuradReba<br />
gaamaxvilon sxvadasxva da<br />
urierTgadamkveT strategiaze.<br />
kompetencia weris procesis done strategiebi<br />
B1 gramatikuli<br />
kompetencia;<br />
strategiuli<br />
kompetencia;<br />
sociokulturuli<br />
kompetencia.<br />
B2 gramatikuli<br />
kompetencia;<br />
winadadebis done karnaxi;<br />
kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema;<br />
martivi teqstis Secvla zmnis<br />
piris mixedviT;<br />
aRwera.<br />
winadadebis done;<br />
abzacis done<br />
winadadebis done;<br />
abzacis done.<br />
abzacis done;<br />
argumentirebuli<br />
sityvebis Casma;<br />
mocemuli sityvebis mixedviT<br />
winadadebebis Sedgena;<br />
winadadebis dasruleba;<br />
winadadebis gamarTva;<br />
kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema;<br />
mocemul Temaze winadadebebis<br />
Sedgena;<br />
movlenis/faqtis/nivTis<br />
ramdenime winadadebiT;<br />
Semowmeba.<br />
aRwera<br />
winadadebebis<br />
saSualebebi;<br />
gadabmis<br />
asociaciur<br />
gacema;<br />
kiTxvebze pasuxis<br />
kiTxvaze<br />
gacema;<br />
dasabuTebuli pasuxis<br />
sakvanZo winadadebis Seqmna;<br />
sakvanZo winadadebis ganvrcoba<br />
argumentebiT;<br />
sakuTari<br />
gamoxatva;<br />
azris/poziciis<br />
winadadebebis logikuri<br />
TanmimdevrobiT dalageba;<br />
abzacis Seqmna;<br />
Semowmeba.<br />
winadadebebis gadabmis saSualebebi;
strategiuli<br />
kompetencia;<br />
sociokulturuli<br />
kompetencia;<br />
sociolingvisturi<br />
kompetencia;<br />
diskursuli<br />
kompetencia.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
teqstis done. asociaciur kiTxvebze pasuxis<br />
gacema;<br />
kiTxvaze dasabuTebuli pasuxis<br />
gacema;<br />
sakvanZo winadadebis Seqmna;<br />
sakvanZo winadadebis ganvrcoba<br />
argumentebiT;<br />
sakuTari azris/poziciis<br />
gamoxatva;<br />
winadadebebis logikuri<br />
TanmimdevrobiT dalageba;<br />
abzacis Seqmna;<br />
Semowmeba.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />
enis flobis doneebis evropuli sistema - The National Capital Language Resource Center,<br />
Washington, DC | Teaching Goals and Methods Goal: Communicative Competence Web site for college<br />
and university language instructors! http://www.nclrc.org/ essentials/goalsmethods/goal.htm<br />
komunikaciuri kompetenciis saxelmZRvanelo - Handbook of Communication Competence;<br />
By Gert Rickheit, Hans Strohnerv, 2009.<br />
mailesi, 2002 – joan mailesi, meore enis weriTi komponenti da kvleva: weris<br />
procesi da studentTa namuSevrebSi Secdomebis analizi, `Second language writing<br />
and research: The writing process and error analysis in student texts~, Teaching English as a<br />
Second or Foreign Language, vol. 6, 2., http://www.cc.kyoto-su.ac.jp/information/teslej/ej22/a1.html<br />
meli, Camoti, 1990 – O'Malley, J. & Chamot, A. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition.<br />
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.<br />
miRwevebisa da meTodebis swavleba, komunikaciuri kompetencia, 2012; qarTuli<br />
enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba, 2006<br />
purpura, 1999 - Purpura, J. (1999). Strategy use and second language test performance: A structural<br />
equation modeling approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press<br />
qarTuli enis flobis doneebi, 2006 - qarTuli enis flobis doneebi, proeqtis<br />
xelmZRvaneli marika oZeli, 2006, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba saimedo<br />
12
Giuli Shabashvili<br />
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
Difficulties and their Solutions Emerged during the<br />
Second Language Writing Process<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
In article it is considered a problem of teaching of second language writing in Georgian educational system.<br />
The paper aims to investigate the main difficulties arisen in second language writing process and<br />
considers several aspects of language teaching in this regard: levels of language acquisition, language<br />
teaching competences (linguistic competence, discourse competence, social-cultural competence, strategic<br />
competence or social competence), three main patterns (sentence, paragraph and text) and variety of<br />
writing strategies. The final schema shows the most appropriate combinations of above mentioned points<br />
according to the task level of language acquisition.<br />
Implementation of linguistic and strategic competences simultaneously with the teaching of sentence pattern<br />
must be emphasized on the A1 level of language acquisition. The main teaching strategies chosen in<br />
this case might be dictation, answering the questions, changing the text by the personal verbs, simple description<br />
the things, events, facts. In opposite, the next level of language acquisition means improving of<br />
linguistic, strategic and socio-cultural competences. The sentence pattern and the paragraph pattern obviously<br />
overlap. Students might be asked to put the words, complete sentences, create sentences and paragraphs,<br />
answer the questions, explain the author’s position, support the ideas with arguments and express<br />
cause and effect.<br />
Finally our claim is that teaching of second language writing must be based on both process approach,<br />
socio-cultural and cognitive perspectives.<br />
13
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
naTia gorgaZe<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti;<br />
samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi<br />
urTierTobebis centri<br />
doneebad dayofili sakiTxavi masala da<br />
kiTxvis efeqturi swavlis meTodebi<br />
abstraqti<br />
statiaSi ganxilulia kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebisTvis SemuSavebuli<br />
teqstebi – `kiTxvis kibe~, romlebic doneebad dayofili wignebis saxiT aris<br />
warmodgenili, da romlebic skolis dawyebiT safexurze efeqtur damxmare<br />
masalas warmodgens. doneebad dayofili wignebi dasavleTSi arsebul<br />
gamocdilebas efuZneba da kiTxvis swavlebis lingvistur, literaturul,<br />
fsiqologiur da pedagogiur aspeqtebs aerTianebs. amgvari masalis doneebad<br />
ganawilebis principi e.w. `kiTxvadobis~ formulas efuZneba. amasTan, teqstebi<br />
SemuSavebulia qarTuli da araqarTuli skolis moswavleTa kiTxvis donis<br />
aRweriTi kvlevisa da analizis safuZvelze da, Sesabamisad, iTvaliswinebs,<br />
erTi mxriv, qarTuli enis specifikas da, meore mxriv, ormag wignierebaze<br />
muSaobis principebs. `kiTxvis kibe~ gamiznulia saklaso oTaxSi muSaobisa da<br />
damoukidebeli kiTxvisaTvis. Sesabamisad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
maswavleblis rols, mis mier arCeul swavlis meTodebsa da moswavleebTan<br />
muSaobis periodSi gamoyenebul strategiebs. statiaSi visaubrebT rogorc<br />
doneebad dayofis principebze, aseve mokled mimovixilavT im midgomebs,<br />
romelTa gamoyenebac rekomendebulia amgvari masaliT muSaobis procesSi.<br />
doneebad dayofili wignebis<br />
SemuSavebis winapiroba<br />
kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebaze<br />
saubrisas, pedagogebi xSirad<br />
amaxvileben yuradRebas im<br />
gamowvevaze, romelic<br />
moswavleebisaTvis Sesaferisi<br />
masalis moZiebasTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli. Cven xSirad gvesmis,<br />
rom maswavleblebs klasSi uwevT<br />
axalbeda, damwyeb mkiTxvelebTan<br />
Seusabamod rTuli an araswor<br />
kiTxviT midgomebze dafuZnebuli<br />
masalebiT muSaoba. moswavleebi,<br />
romlebsac kiTxvis Seswavla axlad<br />
dawyebuli aqvT, saWiroeben imgvar<br />
sakiTxav masalas, romelSic kargad<br />
aris dabalansebuli kiTxvis<br />
mxardasaWeri komponentebi da<br />
gamowvevebi.<br />
14<br />
`sakiTxavi masala mkiTxvelis<br />
TviTrwmenas unda ganamtkicebdes da<br />
wignis gaazrebas/gacnobierebas<br />
uwyobdes xels, Tumca, amasTan,<br />
mkiTxvelis winaSe garkveul<br />
amocanebs unda saxavdes da<br />
yuradRebis koncetrirebas,<br />
Zalisxmevasa da guldasmiT muSaobas<br />
moiTxovdes. – (klei, 1991a).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo, Tavisi<br />
struqturis, saswavlo principisa da<br />
upirvelesi daniSnulebidan<br />
gamomdinare, ver axdens<br />
moswavleebis uzrunvelyofas<br />
imgvari masaliT, romelic<br />
zedmiwevniT zustad Seefereba<br />
individualuri moswavlis kiTxvis<br />
dones. es gansakuTrebiT<br />
TvalSisacemia imgvar<br />
saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi, sadac<br />
wigniereba saswavlo gegmaSi
damoukidebel disciplinad ar aris<br />
ganxiluli. Sesabasamid, doneebad<br />
dayofili teqstebi efeqtur<br />
damxmare masalas warmoadgens<br />
moswavleebis wignierebisa da<br />
kiTxvis unarebis etapobrivi<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
Tumca, bolo xanebSi bevri<br />
kritika ismis doneebad dayofili<br />
masalis garSemo. mecnierebi da<br />
pedagogebi saubroben im uzarmazar<br />
energiaze, drosa da finansebze,<br />
romelic doneebad dayofili<br />
masalebis Seqmnas sWirdeba.<br />
(Ziadlovi, petersoni, 2005).<br />
specialistebis wuxili mxolod<br />
resursebs ar ukavSirdeba. isini<br />
fiqroben, rom doneebad dayofili<br />
masala maswavlebels `modunebis~<br />
saSualebas aZlevs, radgan<br />
maswavlebeli zedmetad aris<br />
`mindobili~ formulebze da,<br />
faqtobrivad, moswavlis Sefasebas<br />
teqstebis donis mixedviT axdens.<br />
Cven nawilobriv veTanxmebiT am<br />
mosazrebas da doneebad dayofil<br />
masalas aramc da aramc ar miviCnevT<br />
erTaderT an wamyvan saSualebad<br />
wignierebis ganviTarebisa da kiTxvis<br />
kompetenciebis gaumjobesebisaTvis.<br />
sanam uSualod doneebad<br />
dayofili wignebis, maTi specifikisa<br />
da ganawilebis principebis<br />
mimoxilvas daviwyebdeT, mokled<br />
unda SevexoT moswavleebis kiTxvis<br />
doneebs, rac individualuri<br />
moswavlis wignierebasTan da kiTxvis<br />
gamocdilebasTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli. swored es<br />
urTierTmimarTeba ganapirobebs<br />
sakiTxavi masalis Sesaferisobas.<br />
sakiTxavi masala individualur<br />
mkiTxvelTan mimarTebiT sam doned<br />
ganixileba: damoukideblad<br />
sakiTxavi, instruqciuli / saswavlo<br />
da frustraciuli.<br />
mokled mimovixiloT sakiTxavi<br />
masalis doneebi:<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
15<br />
damoukidebeli kiTxvis done<br />
1. moswavle kiTxulobs sityvebis<br />
99-100%-s uSecdomod;<br />
2. kiTxvis dros azrobriv<br />
aqcentebs sworad anawilebs;<br />
3. Sinaarsis gadmocemisas,<br />
ZiriTadi masala sworad aris<br />
organizebuli;<br />
4. movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba<br />
sworia;<br />
5. moswavle aanalizebs teqstis<br />
struqturas.<br />
moswavle ambobs, rom teqsti<br />
martivia.<br />
instuqciuli / saswavlo kiTxvis<br />
done<br />
am doneze moswavle<br />
maqsimalurad viTardeba, rogorc<br />
mkiTxveli. idealur instruqciul /<br />
saswavlo kiTxvis doneze:<br />
1. moswavle grZnobs gamowvevas,<br />
magram ar aris<br />
frustrirebuli;<br />
2. moswavle Tavisufalia<br />
stresisgan, romelic<br />
siZneleebTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli;<br />
3. moswavles SeuZlia sityvebis<br />
95-98%-is sworad dekodireba<br />
da sityvaTa 60-75%-is gaazreba;<br />
4. Sinaarsis moyolisas, ZiriTadi<br />
fabula da Sinaarsi<br />
gadmocemulia;<br />
5. am doneze moswavle cdilobs,<br />
kiTxvis axali strategiebi<br />
gamoiyenos maqsimaluri<br />
gaazrebisTvis.<br />
moswavle ambobs, rom xvdeba, ra<br />
iswavla teqstidan. `zogi sityva<br />
rTulia, magram maswavleblis<br />
daxmarebis Semdeg kiTxva<br />
miadvildeba da vxvdebi, rom<br />
wakiTxuli sainteresoa.~<br />
frustraciuli kiTxvis done
Tu moswavles ar SeuZlia<br />
teqstis dekodireba da gaanalizeba,<br />
ver axdens teqstis Sefasebas, maSin<br />
teqsti frustraciulia misTvis. am<br />
donis masalaze muSaobisas:<br />
1. moswavle uSvebs bevr<br />
Secdomas;<br />
2. kiTxvis ritmi darRveulia da<br />
moswavlis intonacia _<br />
arabunebrivi;<br />
3. moswavles uWirs sityvebis<br />
sworad dekodireba da<br />
gaazreba daxmarebis xarisxis<br />
miuxedavad;<br />
4. SeuZlia mxolod 10-20%<br />
sityvebis sworad dekodireba<br />
da iazrebs sityvebis 50 an<br />
nakleb procents;<br />
5. moyolisas, Sinaarss srulad<br />
ver ixsenebs an SemTxveviT,<br />
fragmentulad gadmoscems;<br />
6. logikuri Tanmimdevroba<br />
moyolis dros ar igrZnoba;<br />
7. maswavleblis kiTxvebs ver<br />
pasuxobs.<br />
moswavle ambobs, rom es teqsti<br />
Zalian rTulia da `ver itans am<br />
saSinel istorias!~<br />
kiTxvis doneebad dayofili<br />
masalis upiratesoba swored isaa,<br />
rom masalis siuxve da sirTulis<br />
ganmsazRvreli formulis mravali<br />
komponentis gamo, is saSualebas<br />
iZleva, kargad upasuxos kiTxvisas<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
16<br />
moswavlis individualur<br />
SesaZleblobebs. cxadia, saklaso<br />
oTaxSi muSaobis dros maswavlebels<br />
ar aqvs imis saSualeba, rom<br />
TiToeul moswavlesTan cal-calke<br />
imuSaos gansxvavebul teqstze.<br />
Tumca, doneebis ganmsazRvreli<br />
komponentebis mravalferovneba mas<br />
saSualebas aZlevs, swored im<br />
aspeqtebze gaamaxvilos yuradReba,<br />
romlebic konkretuli<br />
moswavlisaTvis warmoadgens<br />
sirTules.<br />
mokled ganvixiloT `kiTxvis<br />
kibe~, misi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi<br />
da Semadgeneli masalis doneebad<br />
dayofis kriteriumebi.<br />
`kiTxvis kibe~ `samoqalaqo<br />
integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi<br />
urTierTobebis centris~ mier<br />
SemuSavda euTos erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis umaRlesi komisris<br />
(euuki) ofisis dafinansebiT<br />
ganxorcielebuli proeqtis -<br />
`ganaTlebis reformis xelSewyoba<br />
erovnul umciresobaTa skolebSi~<br />
farglebSi. `kiTxvis kibeSi~<br />
gaerTianebuli teqstebis<br />
gadanawileba pirobiTad or aspeqtad<br />
xdeba:<br />
1. teqstebis kategoriebi;<br />
2. doneebad dayofis kriteriumebi.
kiTxvis kibe~ ramdenime<br />
kategoriad da doned dawyobil 417<br />
wigns aerTianebs. aqedan 200 –<br />
doneebad dayofili teqstia, 117 _<br />
seriuli, xolo danarCeni ki<br />
fonetikur teqstebs aerTianebs.<br />
mokled mimovixiloT TiToeuli<br />
kategoria da doneebad dayofis<br />
kriteriumebi:<br />
fonetikuri teqstebi<br />
fonetikuri teqstebis gamoyeneba<br />
kiTxvis swavlis dawyebiTi etapidan<br />
aris mizanSewonili. Tumca,<br />
sirTulis TandaTanobiT zrdasTan<br />
erTad, isini tranzituli<br />
mkiTxvelisTvisac SeiZleba<br />
gamoviyenoT.<br />
amasTan, teqstebi 3 kategoriad<br />
aris dayofili.<br />
`xati sityvebis~ principi -<br />
romelic mTliani sityvis principiT<br />
muSaobis midgomazea dafuZnebuli da<br />
maRalsixSirul sityvebzea agebuli<br />
anbanuri Tanmimdevrobis principis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT. `xati sityvebiT~<br />
ganvmartavT imgvar sityvebs,<br />
romlebic maRalsixSirulia da<br />
romelTa dekodireba umal, sityvis<br />
doneze xdeba. `xati-sityvebis~<br />
wasakiTxad aso-bgerebisa da<br />
marcvlebis doneze dekodireba ar<br />
warmoadgens aucileblobas. sityvebi<br />
ganlagebulia anbanis asoebis<br />
sirTulis principiT da TiToeuli<br />
wigni erTi aso-bgeris mTliani<br />
sityvis meTodiT Seswavlas/codnis<br />
gamyarebas gulisxmobs. `xati<br />
sityvebis~ kategoriaSi<br />
gaerTianebuli wignebi mdidari<br />
ilustraciuri mxardaWeriT<br />
xasiaTdeba. sirTule ki anbanis asobgerebis<br />
Seswavlis Tanmimdevrobis<br />
mixedviT izrdeba. mag. pirveli<br />
teqstebi `a~, `g~, `T~ da sxva asobgerebis<br />
Semcvel maRalsixSirul<br />
`xat-sityvebzea~ agebuli, bolo<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
17<br />
wignebi ki `j~, `W~ `J~ da a.S. asobgerebis<br />
Semcvel `xat sityvebs~<br />
aerTianebs.<br />
fonetikur midgomaze dafuZnebuli<br />
wignebi<br />
doneebad dayofili wignebiT<br />
swavlebisas, mizanSewonilad<br />
migvaCnia holistikuri (mTliani)<br />
midgomis gamoyeneba. Tumca, meore<br />
enis pedagogebis gamokiTxvisa da<br />
saklaso muSaobis dakvirvebis<br />
Sedegad dadginda, rom efeqturia<br />
fonetikur midgomebze dafuZnebuli<br />
wignebis SemuSavebac. amgvari<br />
teqstebis Seqmnis aucilebloba<br />
ramdenime faqtoriT aris<br />
ganpirobebuli. 1. axalbeda<br />
mkiTxvelebs, romlebsac metwilad<br />
skolamdeli ganaTlebis<br />
SesaZlebloba ar hqoniaT, ar<br />
gaaCniaT an naklebad aqvT nabeWd<br />
teqstTan urTierTobis gamocdileba<br />
da unarebi, romelic 2-5 wlis asakSi<br />
unda ganviTardes da romlis<br />
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi: bavSvi unda<br />
avlendes cnobismoyvareobas wignebsa<br />
da kiTxvasTan mimarTebiT; Tavi<br />
mohqondes, TiTqos kiTxulobs da<br />
wers; eyrdnobodes suraTebs da<br />
cdilobdes maT mixedviT mohyves<br />
istorias; SesaZloa, icodes<br />
ramdenime aso da SeeZlos maTi<br />
bgerasTan dakavSireba; iswrafvodes<br />
wignebis erToblivi kiTxvisaken.<br />
cxadia, yvela es qmedeba<br />
dakavSirebulia kiTxvisTvis<br />
Sesamzadebeli aqtivobebis<br />
ganxorcielebasTan. msgavsi<br />
aqtivobebi ki, skolamdel asakSi,<br />
samwuxarod, naklebad xorcieldeba.<br />
es gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria<br />
araqarTuli skolis<br />
moswavleebisTvis. 2. maTTvis aseve<br />
siZneleebs qmnis qarTulis, rogorc<br />
meore enis, mSobliuri enis
paralelurad swavlis dawyebac.<br />
qarTveli bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi, imave<br />
problemas ucxo enasTan mimarTebiT<br />
vxvdebiT. 3. moswavleebi naklebad<br />
arian dakavebuli damoukidebeli<br />
kiTxviT. qarTveli bavSvebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi es metwilad mSoblebis<br />
kiTxvis aucileblobasTan<br />
arasaTanado damokidebulebiT an<br />
Svilebis swavlis procesSi<br />
arasakmarisi monawileobiT aris<br />
ganpirobebuli. araqarTul ojaxebSi<br />
igive problema metwilad<br />
gamowveulia, erTi mxriv, ojaxebis<br />
arasaTanado cnobierebiT, meore<br />
mxriv ki, qarTuli garemos<br />
naklebobiT. am mizezebis gamo,<br />
anbanis swavlis etapi sakmaod<br />
xangrZlivi da rTuli procesia.<br />
maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom<br />
kiTxvis process moswavleebi Zalian<br />
mcire dros uTmoben. swored amitom,<br />
asoebis daswavla, da miT ufro<br />
mTlian sityvebSi, maTi sworad<br />
dekodireba garTulebulia. Cven<br />
mizanSewonilad miviCnieT, `xati<br />
sityvebis~ koncefciaze agebuli<br />
wignebis paralelurad, fonetikur<br />
koncefciaze agebuli teqstebic<br />
SegvemuSavebina. savaraudod, msgavsi<br />
midgoma anbanis daswavlis process<br />
ufro efeqturs gaxdis. Sesabamisad,<br />
amgvari wignebi fonetikuri midgomis<br />
principebzea dafuZnebuli da<br />
qarTuli anbanis Seswavlis<br />
tradiciul Tanmimdevrobas imeorebs.<br />
amasTan, wignebi ilustraciebiT aris<br />
gamdidrebuli da leqsikis<br />
mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva.<br />
holistikur (mTlian) midgomaze<br />
dafuZnebuli wignebi<br />
amgvari wignebi doneebad<br />
dayofili wignebisaTvis SemuSavebul<br />
kriteriumebs efuZneba, Tumca<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
18<br />
leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebazea<br />
gamaxvilebuli. wignebSi<br />
koncentrirebulia `problemuri~<br />
aso-bgerebisgan Sedgenili sityvebi.<br />
amasTan, beWduri, Tematur-<br />
Sinaarsobrivi, struqturul-Janrobrivi<br />
da enobriv-literaturuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebia gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom amgvari wignebi<br />
sami tipis fonetikuri amocanis<br />
Semcvelia:<br />
a. asos dekodirebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli problema. amgvari<br />
problema dakavSirebulia vizualur<br />
gaazrebasTan. am dros moswavle<br />
arasworad wers / erTmaneTSi urevs<br />
asoebs (“Z~, `x~ da `s~, `w~ da `S~, `j~<br />
da `W~ da sxva);<br />
b. bgeris dekodirebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli problema, romelic<br />
bgeris arasworad dekodirebasTan<br />
aris dakavSirebuli. magaliTad, `T~<br />
da `t~, xandaxan `d~, aseve: `g~-`q~-`k~,<br />
`Z~-`c~-`w~ da sxva.<br />
g. aso-bgeris dekodirebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli problema. `rTuli~<br />
aso-bgerebi, romlebic mSobliur<br />
enasTan sinTezis dros<br />
araTavsebadia. `W~, Y~y~, `J~...<br />
aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom<br />
bgeris dekodirebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli teqstebi gamoiyeneba<br />
mxolod qarTulis, rogorc<br />
aramSobliuri enis SeswavlisaTvis.<br />
mSobliuri enis SemTxvevaSi, msgavsi<br />
problemebi naklebad aqtualuria,<br />
Tumca, problemis sruliad<br />
ignorieba mSobliuri enis<br />
SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonili ar aris...<br />
holistikur midgomaze<br />
dafuZnebuli wignebi amocanis<br />
gadasaWrelad Semdeg principzea<br />
agebuli: teqstebi mocemulia<br />
individualur problemur asobgeraze.<br />
magaliTad, calke teqsti<br />
`t~ asoze, calke - `T~-ze. momdevno
teqstSi orive problemuri aso<br />
gaerTianebulia.<br />
doneebad dayofili teqstebi<br />
doneebad dayofili wignebi<br />
sirTulis mixedviT daxarisxebuli<br />
patar-patara teqstebis erTobliobaa,<br />
romlebic oTxi maxasiaTeblis<br />
farglebSi gaerTianebuli formulis<br />
mixedviT, moswavleebis kiTxviTi<br />
gamocdilebis safexurebriv zrdas<br />
uzrunvelyofs. es maxasiaTeblebia:<br />
wignebisa da nabeWdi masalis<br />
maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic gverdebis<br />
sigrZisa da TiToeul gverdze<br />
sityvisa da winadadebebis moculobis<br />
kontrols gulisxmobs. am<br />
kriteriumSia gaerTianebuli aseve<br />
beWdvis dizaini. magaliTad,<br />
gverdis Tavi da bolo, punqtuaciis<br />
tipebi, ilustraciuli<br />
mxardaWera da beWdviTi nawilisa<br />
da ilustraciuli mxardaWeris<br />
Tanafardoba.<br />
• Tematur-Sinaarsobrivi maxasia-<br />
Teblebi - kiTxvis unaris<br />
ganviTarebasTan erTad, teqstebis<br />
Sinaarsi, Tematika da ideebi ufro<br />
da ufro kompleqsuri xdeba.<br />
• struqturul-Janrobrivi maxasiaTeblebi<br />
- kriteriumebis erTobliobaa,<br />
romlebic gansazRvraven,<br />
Tu ra saxiTaa masala warmodgenili.<br />
es SeiZleba iyos<br />
naratiuli (TxrobiTi) teqsti,<br />
romelic moTxrobis, eses an<br />
novelis formatiTaa warmodgenili<br />
da siuJetis gan-viTarebis<br />
safexurebs, moqmedebis adgils,<br />
problemisa da misi gadawyvetis<br />
damaxasiaTebel formebs aerTianebs.<br />
• enobriv-literaturuli maxasiaTeblebi<br />
doneebad dayofili<br />
masalis rogorc Tvisebriv, aseve<br />
raodenobriv aspeqtebs asaxavs da<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
19<br />
avtoris xedvas, Sexedulebebs,<br />
literaturul xerxebs (mag, omonimebi,<br />
metaforebi), enobriv<br />
struqturebs (winadadebebis<br />
struqtura, paragrafis wyoba),<br />
leqsikisa da sityvebis (maRalsixSiruli,<br />
maRalSinaarsobrivi,<br />
Zireuli da warmoqmnili) arCevans<br />
ganapirobebs.<br />
am maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
doneebad dayofili masala<br />
specialuri formulis gamoyenebiT<br />
aris SemuSavebuli. es formula ki<br />
Semdeg kriteriumebs aerTianebs:<br />
− sityvaTa sruli raodenoba;<br />
− rTul sityvaTa sruli<br />
raodenoba;<br />
− maRalsixSiruli sityvebis<br />
sruli raodenoba;<br />
− dabalsixSiruli da tranzituli<br />
sityvebis sruli raodenoba;<br />
− sxvadasxva tipis sityvebis<br />
Tanafardoba teqstSi mocemul<br />
sityvaTa srul raodenobasTan;<br />
− winadadebis sigrZe;<br />
− winadadebis sirTule;<br />
− teqstis prognozirebadoba;<br />
− enobriv-gramatikuli<br />
struqturebi da maTi ganmeorebis<br />
sixSire;<br />
− literaturuli maxasiaTeblebi;<br />
− sityvaTa raodenoba TiToeul<br />
gverdze;<br />
− gaformeba, ilustraciuli<br />
mxardaWeris moculoba;<br />
− konceptualuri CarCo;<br />
− nacnobi Tematika;<br />
− teqstis Janri da struqtura.<br />
kriteriumebis amgvari<br />
erToblioba muSaobis procesSi<br />
TandaTan Camoyalibda. igi msoflios<br />
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sakiTxavi<br />
masalis doneebad dayofis mdidar<br />
gamocdilebazea dafuZnebuli. Tumca,<br />
sxvadasxva avtoris mier<br />
gamomuSavebuli formulebisa da<br />
kriteriumebis yuradRebiT Seswavlis<br />
Semdeg, qarTulis enis specifikisa
da arsebuli saWiroebebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, am saxiT<br />
Camoyalibda. formulaSi<br />
gaerTianebuli kriteriumebis<br />
urTierTmimarTeba da maTi cvlileba<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
20<br />
ganapirobebs wignis konkretul<br />
dones. kriteriumebi doneTa mixedviT<br />
pirobiTad Semdegnairad aris<br />
ganawilebuli da aRwerili:<br />
me-3 done: 3-8 sityva TiTo winadadebaSi, 4-6 sityva saSualod; 1-2 striqoni TiTo<br />
gverdze; 50-80 sityva sul; dasrulebuli winadadebebi; martivi Tandebulebi da<br />
Sesavali nawili; maqs. 2-4 maRalsixSiruli axali sityva; enobrivi struqtura SeiZleba<br />
gansxvavebuli iyos pirvel da bolo gverdebze; maRalprognozirebadi; nacnobi<br />
Tematika; Tanamimdevruli teqsturi wyoba; maqsimum 8 gverdi.<br />
me-7 done: 130-180 sityva sul; 3-8 striqoni TiTo winadadebaSi; 2-12 sityva winadadebaSi;<br />
teqsturi ganlageba cvalebadia; prognozirebadi ena da enobrivi konstruqciebi<br />
warmodgenilia; 2-4 sityvis cvlileba teqstis SuaSi, romelic struqturul<br />
erTobliobaSia; dasawyisi da bolo gverdebi gansxvavebuli struqturiTaa mocemuli;<br />
teqstis garkveuli nawilis ganmeoreba SesaZlebelia wina gverdebidan; mkafio<br />
Tanamimdevroba; ilustraciebze naklebi damokidebuleba; 10 gverdi saSualod.<br />
me-10 done: 250-320 sityva sul; 3-10 striqoni TiTo gverdze; 8 sityva saSualod<br />
winadadebaSi; winadadebis garTulebuli forma; maRalsixSiruli sityvebis ufro<br />
iSviaTi ganmeoreba; struqturaze naklebi damokidebuleba; gansazRvruli leqsika<br />
moTxrobis leqsikis ganmeorebiTi moxmarebiT; ilustraciebze naklebi damokidebuleba;<br />
12-14 gverdi saSualod.<br />
me-16 done: 920-1200 sityva sul; 9-11 sityva saSualod winadadebaSi; rTuli winadadebebi;<br />
ufro standartizebuli leqsikoni; ilustraciebi mxolod mniSvnelobis<br />
gaZlierebisTvis gamoiyeneba; sarCevi, minawerebi, indeqsi, leqsikoni (glosari);<br />
cxrilebi da Cartebi; garTulebuli konceptualuri CarCo; 20-24 gverdi.<br />
SemuSavebuli maxasiaTeblebis<br />
garda, doneebad dayofili teqstebi<br />
ramdenime sagulisxmo pirobas<br />
moicavs: (1) amgvar teqstebze<br />
muSaobisaTvis, marTebulad migvaCnia<br />
Sinaarsze dafuZnebuli midgomis<br />
gamoyeneba. Sinaarsze dafuZnebuli<br />
midgoma kiTxvis unarebis efeqturi<br />
ganviTarebis Cveneuli xedvaa. am<br />
koncefcias detalurad sxva<br />
publikaciebSi ganvixilavT. (2) am<br />
tipis masala<br />
instruqciuli/saswavlo kiTxvis<br />
dones unda akmayofilebdes da,<br />
Sesabamisad, ZiriTadad saklaso<br />
oTaxSi muSaobisaTvis aris<br />
gamiznuli. (3) rogorc ukve<br />
aRvniSneT, teqsti formulaSi<br />
gaerTianebuli kriteriumebis<br />
erTobliobis mixedviTaa doneebad<br />
dayofili, Tumca TiToeul teqstSi<br />
erTi an ramdenime kriteriumi ufro<br />
mkafiod aris gamoxatuli da<br />
teqstze muSaobis procesSi es<br />
kriteriumi/kriteriumebi mTavar<br />
amocanebs ayalibebs/ayalibeben.<br />
TvalsaCinoebisTvis, mokled<br />
ganvixiloT formulis TiToeuli<br />
kriteriumi erT-erTi teqstis<br />
magaliTze. amgvarad SevZlebT im<br />
meTodebisa da midgomebis<br />
gansazRvras, romlebic efeqturad<br />
ganaviTarebs kiTxvis unarebs.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
bebia Camovida<br />
dRes bebia Camovida soflidan. man soflidan kalaTi Camoitana. bebias kalaTi<br />
mZimea. kalaTSi bevri xilia. kalaTSia leRvi, yurZeni, qliavi, atami, msxali da<br />
vaSli.<br />
bebiam kalaTidan xili amoalaga:<br />
jer leRvi amoiRo.<br />
Semdeg yurZeni amoiRo.<br />
Semdeg qliavi amoiRo.<br />
Semdeg atami amoiRo.<br />
Semdeg msxali amoiRo.<br />
da bolos, bebiam vaSli amoiRo.<br />
axla bebias kalaTi carielia.<br />
axla bebias kalaTi msubuqia.<br />
teqsti `kiTxvis kibis~ mesame<br />
donis wignia. es ar gulisxmobs, rom<br />
teqsti aucileblad pirveli, meore<br />
an mesame klasis moswavlisTvisaa<br />
gankuTvnili. doneebad dayofili<br />
wignebi ara klasebis mixedviT,<br />
aramed kiTxvis unarebis<br />
ganviTarebis donis mixedviTaa<br />
dayofili. Sesabamisad, vvaraudobT,<br />
rom teqstma 1-dan me-3 klasis<br />
CaTvliT moswavleebTan unda<br />
imuSaos efeqturad. gavaanalizoT<br />
teqsti formulis kriteriumebis<br />
mixedviT:<br />
sityvaTa sruli raodenoba - 53<br />
(saTauris CaTvliT _ 55).<br />
rTul sityvaTa sruli<br />
raodenoba - `amoalaga~,<br />
warmoebidan gamomdinare, ar aris<br />
maRalsixSiruli sityva.<br />
`yurZeni~ - fonetikuri sirTulis<br />
matarebeli SeiZleba iyos. `jer,~<br />
`Semdeg~, `bolos~ - tranzituli<br />
sityvebia. maTi gadmocema<br />
mxolod konteqstSia<br />
SesaZlebeli.<br />
maRalsixSiruli sityvebis<br />
sruli raodenoba - 11 sityva.<br />
`dRes~, `bebia~, `kalaTi~, `da~,<br />
`bevri~, `xili~, `vaSli~, `atami~,<br />
`msxali~, `carieli~, `msubuqi~.<br />
(Tumca, sityvebi<br />
21<br />
maRalsixSirulia, maT sixSireSi<br />
gansxvaveba, cxadia, arsebobs).<br />
dabalsixSiruli da/an<br />
tranzituli sityvebis sruli<br />
raodenoba - `amoiRo~, `axla~,<br />
`Semdeg, jer, bolos~. sul 5<br />
sityva.<br />
sxvadasxva tipis sityvebis<br />
Tanafardoba teqstSi mocemul<br />
sityvaTa srul raodenobasTan; -<br />
55/11 maRalsixSiruli/5<br />
dabalsixSiruli, rTuli da/an<br />
tranzituli. (teqsti mesame<br />
donisaa, Sesabamisad, orfuZiani,<br />
nawarmoebi, dargobrivi,<br />
saerTaSoriso da sxva tipis<br />
rTuli sityvebi ar gvxvdeba.)<br />
winadadebis sigrZe - saSualod, 4<br />
sityva. erTi winadadeba grZelia<br />
da 8 sityvisgan Sedgeba.<br />
(kalaTSia leRvi, yurZeni,<br />
qliavi, atami, msxali da vaSli).<br />
es winadadeba teqstis erT-erTi<br />
amocanaa, romelzec qvemoT<br />
visaubrebT.<br />
winadadebis sirTule - mTavari<br />
sirTulea grZeli, wina<br />
kriteriumSi mocemuli<br />
winadadeba. aseve, sirTules<br />
warmoadgens `da bolos, bebiam<br />
vaSli amoiRo~, sadac CarTuli<br />
mZimiT gamoiyofa.
teqstis prognozirebadoba -<br />
teqstSi prognozireba Zalian<br />
uxvi raodenobiTaa mocemuli.<br />
1. ilustraciuli mxardaWera.<br />
(wignis SemTxvevaSi _ mocemulia<br />
pirveli winadadebis gaswvriv<br />
bebia ukana planze _ soflis<br />
foniT, Semdegze _ bebia mZime<br />
kalaTiT, karebTan, kidev<br />
Semdegze _ bebia oTaxSi xilis<br />
amolagebis procesSi. xilis<br />
amoRebis procesis<br />
amsaxveliTiToeuli winadadebis<br />
gaswvriv mocemulia<br />
dasaxelebuli xili. bolo<br />
suraTze ki, daxatulia carieli<br />
kalaTi).<br />
2. komulaciuri Tanmimdevroba,<br />
(romlis yvelaze mkafiod aRqma<br />
SesaZlebelia iseTi nacnobi<br />
leqsis magaliTze, rogoricaa<br />
`Txam venaxi SeWama~. Cveni<br />
teqstis SemTxvevaSi ki, rTul<br />
winadadebaSi xili imave<br />
TanmimdevrobiT Semdeg<br />
winadadebebSia dasaxelebuli).<br />
3. repeticiuli xasiaTis<br />
frazebi - (`Semdeg yurZeni<br />
amoiRo, Semdeg qliavi amoiRo,<br />
Semdeg atami amoiRo, Semdeg<br />
msxali amoiRo), aseve axla<br />
bebias kalaTi carielia.<br />
axla bebias kalaTi msubuqia~.<br />
enobriv-gramatikuli<br />
konstruqciebi da<br />
literaturuli maxasiaTeblebi<br />
- teqstSi uxvadaa mocemuli<br />
erTgvarovani enobrivi<br />
konstruqciebi, romelTa<br />
detaluri ganxilva saWiroebas<br />
ar warmoadgens. radgan masala<br />
dabali safexurisaa, ena da<br />
literaturuli maxasiaTeblebi<br />
martivia. aq naklebadaa mocemuli<br />
avtoris individualuri xedva.<br />
sityvaTa raodenoba TiToeul<br />
gverdze, gverdebis raodenoba -<br />
wignSi sityvaTa raodenoba<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
22<br />
TiToeul gverdze 3-dan 11-mde<br />
meryeobs. wigni 8 gverdisgan<br />
Sedgeba.<br />
gaformeba, ilustraciuli<br />
mxardaWeris moculoba - es<br />
kriteriumi detalurad aris<br />
ganxiluli prognozirebadobis<br />
aRwerisas.<br />
konceptualuri CarCo - teqsti<br />
agebulia rigiTobis principiT:<br />
`jer... Semdeg.... Semdeg... da bolos~,<br />
rac moswavleebs, erTi<br />
mxriv, am tipis enobrivgramatikul<br />
struqturas<br />
aswavlis an arsebul codnas<br />
amyarebs, meore mxriv ki,<br />
rigiTobis principis ukeT<br />
gaazrebas uwyobs xels. amasTan,<br />
moswavle iazrebs im logikas,<br />
romelic arsebobs xilis<br />
amolagebis principTan<br />
mimarTebiT (jer rbili da<br />
advilad fuWebadi xili<br />
amogvaqvs, Semdeg ki _ ufro<br />
magari).<br />
nacnobi Tematika - teqstSi<br />
mocemuli Tematika kargad aris<br />
nacnobi damwyebi<br />
mkiTxvelebisaTvis da iZleva<br />
saSualebas, kiTxvis dawyebamde,<br />
rac maTTvis komfortulia da<br />
kiTxvis motivacias zrdis.<br />
teqstis Janri da struqtura -<br />
teqsti mxatvrul-TxrobiTi<br />
Janrisaa. struqturulad<br />
dabalansebulia. (a) pirveli<br />
winadadebebi, romlebic martivi<br />
da moklea, teqstSi Sesaval<br />
nawils warmoadgens. Sua nawili,<br />
romelic maRalprognozirebadi,<br />
erTgvarovani struqturiT, Tumca<br />
saintereso konceptualuri<br />
CarCoTi xasiaTdeba. da bolos,<br />
daskvna, romelic teqstSi<br />
aRwerili istoriis erTgvar<br />
Sejamebas warmodgens.<br />
Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom doneebad<br />
dayofili wignebi saklaso
muSaobisTvis aris gamiznuli.<br />
imisaTvis, rom warmodgena Segveqmnas,<br />
ratom gvaqvs imis molodini, rom<br />
msgavsi teqstebi efeqturi iqneba<br />
moswavleebis kiTxvis unarebis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis, mokled unda<br />
ganvixiloT im meTodebisa da<br />
strategiebis magaliTebi, romelTa<br />
gamoyenebac mizanSewonilad migvaCnia<br />
konkretul teqstTan mimarTebiT.<br />
teqstze muSaobis dawyebamde,<br />
maswavlebelma unda gansazRvros<br />
teqstSi amocanebi. Cveni xedviT, am<br />
teqstSi Semdegi amocanebia<br />
mocemuli:<br />
1. sityvebis dekodireba da<br />
gaazreba, maT Soris xilis<br />
saxeobebis dakavSireba winare<br />
gamocdilebasTan.<br />
2. Tanmimdevrobis maCvenebeli<br />
sityvebi (e. w. logikuri<br />
kvantorebi) `jer~, `Semdeg~, `da<br />
bolos~.<br />
3. rigiTobis aRqma - rTul, 8<br />
sityvian winadadebaSi mocemuli<br />
xili mogvianebiT rogori<br />
rigiTobiT nawildeba amoRebis<br />
procesSi.<br />
4. daskvnis gamotanis amocana -<br />
radgan bebiam xili sul amoiRo,<br />
ese igi kalaTa carielia.<br />
carieli kalaTa ki msubuqia.<br />
1. kiTxvamde, kiTxvis da kiTxvis<br />
Semdegomi faza – kiTxvis dawyebamde<br />
moswavleebi `Segvyavs~ teqstSi.<br />
amavdroulad, vaaqtiurebT maT<br />
winare gamocdilebas. maswavlebelma<br />
SeiZleba Semdegi kiTxvebi dausvas<br />
moswavleebs: visi bebia cxovrobs<br />
sofelSi? aqvs Tu ara bebiis<br />
sacxovrebel saxls baRi, sadac<br />
bevri xili xarobs? romeli xili<br />
gausinjavT? romeli xili uyvarT?<br />
da a.S. kiTxvis faza sasurvelia,<br />
rom drois garkveul monakveTs<br />
moicavdes. pedagogi moswavleebs<br />
aZlevs saSualebas, Cumad waikiTxon<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
23<br />
teqsti. mogvianebiT, kiTxulobs, Tu<br />
surs romelime moswavles<br />
(moswavleebs) xmamaRla waikiTxos<br />
teqsti. Tu amgvari moswavleebi<br />
aRmoCdnen, monacvleobiT akiTxebs<br />
teqsts. pedagogi winaswar aTanxmebs<br />
moswavleebTan kiTxvis zomier temps<br />
da mkafio diqcias. Tu moswavleebi<br />
ar gamoTqvamen xmamaRla kiTxvis<br />
survils, pedagogi Tavad kiTxulobs<br />
mas gamdidrebuli metyvelebiT.<br />
(intonaciuri xveulebi, mcire<br />
Jestikulacia, mkafio diqcia, mcire<br />
da logikuri pauzebi teqstis<br />
nawilebs Soris.) kiTxvis Semdgomi<br />
faza moicavs kiTxvebs: ra gaiges<br />
moswavleebma? ra ver gaiges? romeli<br />
sityva ver gaiges? (ucnob sityvebze<br />
muSaobas maswavlebeli Semdeg<br />
etapze iwyebs). ra moewonaT?<br />
(SeiZleba moswavles romelime<br />
sityvac ki moewonos an gamoxatos<br />
msgavsi nobaTiT sakuTari bebiis<br />
naxvis survili).<br />
2. `sityvis ieriSis~ strategia –<br />
gamoiyeneba ucnobi sityvebis<br />
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. sityvis<br />
ieriSis strategiebis gamoyeneba<br />
exmareba moswavles sityvis<br />
dekodirebaSi, mis sworad<br />
warmoTqmaSi da Sinaarsis gagebaSi.<br />
a. sityvis nel-nela da<br />
mravaljeradad warmoqmna<br />
b. suraTebSi mocemuli<br />
informaciis gamoyeneba.
g. sityvis ganxilva nawilebad.<br />
d. sityvis dakavSireba<br />
moswavleebisTvis nacnob<br />
sityvasTan/sityvebTan.<br />
e. winadadebis ramdenjerme<br />
wakiTxva.<br />
v. kiTxvis gagrZeleba. (daveyrdnoT<br />
frazis Sinaarss. Tu sityva Semdeg<br />
winadadebebSic meordeba,<br />
SevadaroT winadadebebi. ras<br />
SeiZleba sityva niSnavdes orive<br />
winadadebaSi?)<br />
Semdegi savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis<br />
win maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs,<br />
cota xniT gverdze gadadon teqsti.<br />
3. rigiTobis principi – am etapze<br />
maswavlebelma, sasurvelia, rom<br />
weriTi davaleba Seasrulebinos<br />
moswavleebs. sasurvelia davalebis<br />
mcire, 2-4 kacian jgufebSi<br />
Sesruleba. maswavlebeli bavSvebs<br />
urigebs cxrils. weriTi samuSaos<br />
dasrulebis Semdeg, ganxilva xdeba<br />
mTel jgufSi. maswavlebeli<br />
kiTxulobs cxrilSi mocemul<br />
sityvebs da moswavleebi<br />
moxaliseobis principiT pasuxoben,<br />
savaraudod _ jgufurad.<br />
4. dakavSireba winare codnasTan -<br />
maswavlebeli urigebs bavSvebs venis<br />
diagramas. bavSvebi individualurad<br />
muSaoben. nebismieri savarjiSos<br />
Sesrulebis win, maswavlebelma<br />
naTlad unda auxsnas moswavleebs<br />
amocana. keTebis procesSi<br />
maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
24<br />
Tumca daxmareba instruqciulia da<br />
ar gulisxmobs leqsikur daxmarebas.<br />
amocanebi:<br />
1. rigiTobis principis (logikuri<br />
kvantoris) `jer, Semdeg, da bolos~<br />
daswavla. misi dakavSireba sxva<br />
konteqstTan. daswavla saxecvlili<br />
saxiT principis gagebisaTvis. 2.<br />
dakavSireba sakuTar<br />
gamocdilebasTan; 3. arsebuli<br />
leqsikuri maragis gaaqtiureba; 4.<br />
msgavsebis (ra miyvars iqidan, rac<br />
bebiam amoalaga) da kontrastis (ra<br />
xilia, rac me miyvars, magram bebiam<br />
ar amoalaga) gaazreba. 5. rTuli<br />
sityvis `amoalaga~ mravaljeradi<br />
gameoreba da daswavla.<br />
5. rTuli sityvis daswavla da<br />
ganmtkiceba - maswavlebeli dafaze<br />
wers sityvas `amoalaga~.<br />
maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs,<br />
daasaxelon, magaliTad, ra amoalaga<br />
romelime maTganma, vTqvaT, anam,<br />
CanTidan... maswavlebeli imeorebs:<br />
`anam CanTidan amoalaga....~ bavSvebi<br />
asaxeleben nacnob nivTebs. bolos<br />
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs,<br />
Seajamon, ra sagnebi amoalaga anam.<br />
6. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris<br />
dadgena, daskvnis gamotana.<br />
maswavlebeli svams Semdeg kiTxvebs:<br />
`ra moxda, roca bebiam kalaTidan<br />
xili amoalaga? ratom aris kalaTa<br />
carieli? rogoria carieli kalaTi?<br />
ratom aris axla kalaTa msubuqi?~<br />
SesaZlebelia, rom moswavleebma<br />
ver gascen kiTxvebs pasuxi. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli sTxovs<br />
maT, teqstSi moZebnon pasuxebi. im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavleebi mainc<br />
ver pasuxoben kiTxvebs,<br />
maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs<br />
`axla~ da `imitom, rom~<br />
struqturebis gamoyenebiT mizez-
Sedegobriv kavSirebs da akeTebs<br />
daskvnas.<br />
cxadia, zemoT aRwerili<br />
meTodebi da strategiebi pirobiTia.<br />
pirobiTia maTi gamoyenebis<br />
raodenobac. Tumca, igi warmodgenas<br />
iZleva doneebad dayofil teqstebze<br />
muSaobis meTodebze.<br />
da bolos, ganvixiloT mesame tipis<br />
masala - seriuli wignebi.<br />
seriuli wignebi<br />
seriuli wignebi aseve sirTulis<br />
zrdis principiT dalagebuli<br />
masalaa. Tumca, doneebad dayofili<br />
teqstebisgan isini ramdenime<br />
principuli maxasiaTebliT<br />
gansxvavdebian. es maxasiaTeblebia:<br />
1. wignebs erTi da igive gmiri,<br />
Cven mier SemuSavebuli teqstebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, sami gmiri aerTianebs.<br />
2. wignebSi doneebad dayofili<br />
komponentebi mocemulia, Tumca<br />
yvelaze didi aqcenti Sinaarsobriv<br />
mxarezea gamaxvilebuli. amasTan,<br />
seriuli wignebis erT-erTi<br />
umTavresi amocanaa moswavleebis<br />
kiTxvis motivaciis gazrda da<br />
damoukidebeli kiTxvis praqtikis<br />
ganviTareba.<br />
3. wignebi metwilad<br />
damoukidebeli an mSoblebTan<br />
kiTxvisTvisaa gankuTvnili, Tumca, es<br />
ar gamoricxavs kiTxvis Semdgomi<br />
ganxilvebis, varjiSis albaTobas<br />
saklaso oTaxSi, metic, wignebi<br />
araCveulebriv saSualebas iZleva<br />
saklaso oTaxSi iseTi verbaluri da<br />
weriTi aqtivobebi daigegmos,<br />
rogoricaa `kiTxvis Teatri~,<br />
`kiTxvis konferenciebi~, `me rom<br />
gmiris adgilze vyofiliyavi~ da a.S.<br />
4. wignebi informaciuli da<br />
SemecnebiTi xasiaTisaa. isini,<br />
kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebasTan<br />
erTad, moswavleebs saintereso<br />
movlenebs da sakiTxebs acnobs<br />
sxvadasxva sferodan. amasTan,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
25<br />
seriuli wignebi moswavleebs<br />
saintereso da mravalferovan<br />
Janrobriv-struqturul da<br />
konceptualur elementebs<br />
sTavazobs. wignebis umravlesobas<br />
mkiTxveli avTenturi situaciebidan,<br />
romlebis wignis patara gmirebis<br />
yoveldRiuri cxovrebas aRwers,<br />
sxvadasxva tipis informaciul-<br />
SemecnebiT istoriebSi gadavyavarT.<br />
patara mkiTxveli seriis gmirebSi<br />
sakuTar Tavs amoicnobs da maT<br />
istoriebs sakuTar gamocdilebas<br />
ukavSirebs. axal informacias ki<br />
mkiTxveli wignebSi dialogebis,<br />
mxatvruli-TxrobiTi, informaciul-<br />
TxrobiTi, informaciul-aRweriTi,<br />
biografiuli, istoriuli masalebiT<br />
iRebs, rac misTvis damatebiTi<br />
kiTxviTi stimulia. swored am<br />
mizniT seriebSi praqtikulad yvela<br />
is Janrobrivi maxasiaTebelia<br />
mocemuli, romelic doneebad<br />
dayofili teqstebis formulaSia<br />
gaTvaliswirebuli, da romelic,<br />
seriul wignebSi uSualod da<br />
saxalisod aris warmodgenili.<br />
5. doneebad dayofili<br />
teqstebisgan gansxvavebiT, seriuli<br />
wignebi ar aris 20 doned<br />
dalagebuli. aq 13 donea<br />
warmodgenili da TiToeul doneze 9<br />
seriul moTxrobas aerTianebs. bolo<br />
doneebi, Sinaarsobrivi<br />
maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, 9-10<br />
wlis bavSvisTvis unda iyos<br />
gansakuTrebiT saintereso. seriuli<br />
wignebis dayofis es principi<br />
ramdenime faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
aris daculi: a. moswavle ar unda<br />
gadaiRalos da ar unda mobezrdes<br />
seriis gmirebTan interaqcia. b.<br />
moswavles ar unda daekargos<br />
motivacia Sinaarsobrivad<br />
Seusabamod martivi teqstebis<br />
kiTxvis gamo.<br />
6. seriuli wignebis doneebi ar<br />
aris SesabamisobaSi doneebad
dayofil teqstebTan. radgan<br />
seriebSi ZiriTadi aqcenti<br />
Sinaarsobriv-konstruqciul mxareze<br />
keTdeba, pirveli seriis wignebi<br />
doneebad dayofili teqstebis 3-4<br />
safexurisaTvis aucilebel kiTxviT<br />
unarebsa da gamocdilebas moiTxovs.<br />
motivaciis faqtori kiTxvis<br />
unarebis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
da bolos, statiaSi ar SeiZleba<br />
ar SevexoT motivaciis mniSvnelobas<br />
kiTxvis unarebis gamomuSavebisaTvis.<br />
motivacia ar SeiZleba doneebad<br />
dayofili masalebis kriteriums<br />
warmoadgendes, Tumca, amgvari<br />
masalebis gamoyeneba kiTxvis<br />
motivaciis amocanas udavod isaxavs.<br />
samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo<br />
qarTlSi teqstebze muSaobis<br />
procesSi sakmaod aSkarad<br />
dafiqsirda, rom moswavleebs uWirT<br />
didxans kiTxva. metic, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom isini xalisiT<br />
kiTxuloben mocemul masalas da<br />
siamovnebiT asrulebdnen davalebebs,<br />
maswavleblebis umetesobam aRniSna,<br />
rom moswavleebi kiTxvisagan<br />
`daiRalnen.~ es tendencia miuTiTebs,<br />
imaze, rom moswavleebi ar arian<br />
CarTulebi xangrZliv kiTxviT<br />
aqtivobebSi da, Sesabamisad, ar<br />
gaaCniaT sakmarisi gamocdileba da<br />
unarebi imisaTvis, rom garkveuli<br />
moculobis masala ikiTxon.<br />
TavisTavad, kiTxvis siswrafe da<br />
gamarTuloba kiTxvis praqtikidan<br />
modis. guTri, vigfildi, metsala da<br />
koqsi (guTri, vigfildi, metsala,<br />
koqsi, 1999) sakuTar kvlevaSi<br />
afiqsireben mkveTrad gamoxatul<br />
dadebiT korelacias moswavleebis<br />
mier kiTxvaze daxarjul drosa da<br />
kiTxvaSi gawafvas Soris. kiTxvis<br />
gawafva ki urTierT-mimarTebaSia<br />
motivaciis zrdasTan. Tu moswavles<br />
SeuZlia gamarTuli kiTxva da<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
26<br />
nakiTxis gaazreba, is motivirebulia,<br />
ikiTxos.<br />
2010 wlis kvlevam, romelic<br />
ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da<br />
ganviTarebis organizaciam (OECD)<br />
Caatara, aCvena, rom im moswavleebs,<br />
romlebic kiTxvisgan siamovnebas<br />
iReben, ukeTes akademiur Sedegebs<br />
aCveneben, vidre isini, visTvisac<br />
kiTxva mxolod valdebulebaa. amave<br />
kvlevam sakmaod damafiqrebeli<br />
Sedegi daafiqsira. gamokiTxul<br />
moswavleTa 37% arasdros<br />
kiTxulobs siamovnebisaTvis. faqti<br />
isaa, rom efeqturi swavlebisa da<br />
swori midgomebis gamoyenebis<br />
miuxedavad, gaazrebis unarebis<br />
ganviTarebisgan damoukideblad, is<br />
moswavleebi, romlebic ar arian<br />
kiTxvisadmi ganwyobilni, ver axdenen<br />
TavianTi wignierebis potencialis<br />
maqsimalurad gamovlenas. metic,<br />
guTris, Saferisa da huangis (guTri,<br />
Saferi, huangi, 2001) mier<br />
Catarebulma 2001 wlis kvlevam<br />
daadastura, rom moswavleebis<br />
kiTxvisadmi damokidebulebas, maT<br />
motivacias da CarTulobas bevrad<br />
didi mniSvneloba aqvs wignierebis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis, vidre ojaxis<br />
socialur statuss, Semosavals da<br />
mSoblebis ganaTlebis dones.<br />
kiTxvis saerTaSoriso asociacia<br />
(IRA) aseve xazs usvams motivaciis<br />
rols kiTxvis unarebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi. bolo wlebSi<br />
gansakuTrebiT bevri kvleva swored<br />
motivaciis rolis dadgenas eTmoba<br />
wignierebis ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
`kiTxvis motivacia mTavari pirobaa<br />
imisaTvis, moswavle kiTxvis<br />
procesSi iyos CarTuli da<br />
gansaxorcielebel aqtivobebs Soris,<br />
swored kiTxvas mianiWos<br />
prioritetuli mniSvneloba.~<br />
(gambreli, 2009, 2011). motivirebuli<br />
da kiTxvis procesSi CarTuli<br />
moswavleebi kiTxvas mravalferovani
personaluri miznebisaTvis iyeneben.<br />
kiTxvis procesSi maT strategiuli<br />
azrovneba ganuviTardebaT. isini<br />
kargad icnoben sxvadasxva tipis<br />
informaciis miRebisaTvis marTebul<br />
gzebs da socialurad<br />
interaqciulebi arian.<br />
Sesabamisad, kiTxvis masalebis<br />
SemuSavebisas, gansakuTrebuli roli<br />
moswavleebis kiTxvis motivaciis<br />
gazrdas da SenarCunebas eniWeba, rac<br />
TavisTavad ganapirobebs maT maRal<br />
CarTulobas kiTxviT aqtivobaSi.<br />
amitom doneebad dayofili teqstebi<br />
da misi gamoyenebis midgomebi da<br />
meTodebi moicavs im faqtorebs,<br />
romlebic gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania moswavlis kiTxvis<br />
motivaciisaTvis sakiTxavi masalis<br />
SemuSavebisa da kiTxvis unarebis<br />
ganviTarebis procesSi.<br />
1. moswavleebi bevrad<br />
motivirebulebi arian kiTxvisas,<br />
Tu kiTxviTi davalebebi da<br />
aqtivobebi maT realobasTan,<br />
cxovrebis wesTan mWidrod aris<br />
dakavSirebuli. kvlevebma<br />
cxadyo, rom moswavleebi bevrad<br />
ufro xalisianad akeTeben iseT<br />
davalebebs, sadac maT<br />
wakiTxuli masala sakuTar<br />
gamocdilebasTan unda<br />
daakavSiron, vidre davalebebs,<br />
romlebic mxolod wakiTxul<br />
masalas exeba.<br />
2. moswavleebs bevrad moswonT<br />
kiTxva, Tu maT sakiTxavi<br />
literaturis farTo arCevani<br />
aqvT. Sesabamisad, Tu<br />
gakveTilebze maT sxvadasxva<br />
Janrisa da tipis masalis<br />
wvdoma aqvT, isini<br />
motivirebulebi arian, bevri<br />
ikiTxon. metic, moswavleebi<br />
cdiloben, maqsimalurad<br />
CaerTon kiTxvis procesSi da<br />
yuradRebiT imuSaon imisaTvis,<br />
rom daasrulon erTi tipis<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
27<br />
teqsti da Sesabamisi davalebebi<br />
da swrafad axalze gadavidnen.<br />
3. moswavleebi bevrad ufro<br />
motivirebulebi arian ikiTxon,<br />
Tu maT saSualeba eZlevaT,<br />
kiTxvis process sakmarisi dro<br />
dauTmon. xangrZlivi kiTxvis<br />
procesi moswavleebis kiTxvis<br />
unarebs aviTarebs da maT<br />
gawaful mkiTxvelebad aqcevs.<br />
Cveni realobidan gamomdinare,<br />
maswavlebelma saswavlo wlis<br />
dasawyisSi saklaso oTaxSi<br />
kiTxvis procesi mcire droiT,<br />
magaliTad 10 wuTiT daiwyos da<br />
nel-nela es dro gazardos.<br />
4. moswavleebi ufro xalisiT<br />
kiTxuloben im masalas,<br />
romelic maT Tavad SearCies,<br />
vidre maswavleblis mier<br />
SerCeuls. amis saSualebas maT<br />
seriuli wignebi miscems.<br />
amasTan, isini gansakuTrebiT<br />
motivirebulebi iqnebian,<br />
Seasrulon davalebebi, Tu am<br />
dros maT arCevanis<br />
Tavisufleba eZlevaT. 2010 wlis<br />
kvlevam daadgina, rom<br />
moswavleebi, romlebic Tavad<br />
irCeven saSinao davalebis<br />
formas, an Sesrulebisas ar arian<br />
SezRudulebi meTodurad,<br />
bevrad ukeTes Sedegebs<br />
aCveneben, vidre moswavleebi,<br />
romlebsac mkacrad<br />
struqturirebuli saSinao<br />
davalebebi aqvT Sesasrulebeli<br />
(patali, kuperi, vini, 2010). es<br />
gasakviri arcaa da bunebrivi<br />
movlenaa, radgan sakuTriv<br />
SerCeuli masalis kiTxvisas,<br />
moswavleebi gansakuTrebul<br />
Zalisxmevas iyeneben da<br />
teqstsac bevrad ukeT iazreben.<br />
(gambreli, 1996; guTie da sxv.,<br />
2007; Sifeli, 1991; Spauldingi,<br />
1992).
dasasrul, imeds gamovTqvamT,<br />
rom maswavleblebs male miecemaT<br />
saSualeba, gaicnon, gamoiyenon da<br />
Seafason Cven mier SemuSavebuli masala<br />
da meToduri gzamkvlevi.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
28<br />
statiaSi ganxilul sakiTxebze ki<br />
damatebiTi informacia Jurnalis<br />
Semdeg nomerSi iqneba mocemuli.<br />
gorgaZe, 2011 - naTia gorgaZe, doneebad dayofili wignebi da maTi mniSvneloba<br />
kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebaSi, bilinguri ganaTleba, 8, 2011, gv. 15-33.<br />
greibi, 2002 - Bill Grabe, Using Discourse Patterns to Improve Reading Comprehension, in<br />
conference proceedings, JALT 2002.<br />
grehemi, heberti, 2010 - Steve Graham and Michael Hebert, Writing to Read - Evidence for How<br />
Writing Can Improve Reading, , Vanderbilt University, 2010, pp. 4-11.<br />
kemba, 2005 - Kemba A. N’Namdi , Guide to Teaching Reading at the Primary School Level ,<br />
UNESCO, 2005, pp. 9-19.<br />
kiTxvis swavleba, 2005 - Teaching Reading, Commonwealth of Australia 2005, pp. 16-28.<br />
maswavleblis gzamkvlevi, 2009 - National Center for Family Literacy, What workds - An<br />
Introductory Teacher Guide for Early Language and Emergent Literacy Instruction, 2009, pp. 15-<br />
20, 26,-29, 31-34, 45-47.<br />
swavlebis strategiebis resurs centri, 2005 - Learning Strategies Resource Center,<br />
Research & Training Associates, Inc, 2005.<br />
wignierebis instruqciuli strategiebi, 2007 - Public Consulting Group’s Center for Resource<br />
Management, Council of Chief State School Officers , Literacy Instructional Strategies ,<br />
2007<br />
Natia Gorgadze<br />
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,<br />
Center for Civil Integration and Inter-Ethnic Relations<br />
Leveled materials and effective methods of reading instruction<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
The paper provides insight into the concept of leveled texts which are represented as small books<br />
and seek for improving the reading skills on the primary grade of the school. The leveled materials<br />
are based on the best practices of text leveling systems world-wide and incorporate linguistic,<br />
literal, psychological and pedagogic aspects of reading instruction. Worth noting is that the leveling<br />
system is built on readability principles. The results of the descriptive study and performance<br />
analysis of students and teachers of Georgian and non-Georgian elementary schools were carefully<br />
analyzed, summarized and reflected in developed materials. Consequently the leveled<br />
books integrate the specifics of Georgian language and adopt the approaches apt for to effective<br />
improvement of biliteracy. The reading materials are envisaged for the work in the classroom<br />
and independent reading. Consequently, the role of teacher, strategies and teaching methods he<br />
uses in the classroom with students has significant impact on efficiency of the outcomes. We will<br />
argue the principles of text leveling and analyze the approaches which are recommended to be<br />
applied in the classroom.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
elene jajaniZe<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxe;lobis<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti;<br />
samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi<br />
urTierTobebis centri<br />
bilingvizmis gavlena bavSvis kognitur ganviTarebaze<br />
abstraqti<br />
winamdebare statiis mizania, mkiTxvels gaacnos bilingvizmis enobriv<br />
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da am sakiTxze arsebuli<br />
mosazrebebi. statiaSi ganxiluli iqneba enobriv ganviTarebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli bihevioristuli, kognitivisturi da konstruqtivistuli<br />
Teoriebi. es aris sakiTxebi, romlebic uSualo kavSirSia meore enis<br />
SeswavlasTan da individis kognitur ganviTarebasTan. SesavalSi mokled<br />
mimovixilavT bilingvizmis arss da ganvsazRvravT mis saxeebs. statiis<br />
ZiriTad nawilSi mimovixilavT bilingvizmis sakiTxebs, romlebic kognitur<br />
ganviTarebasTanaa dakavSirebuli da, aseve, mokled ganvixilavT im<br />
faqtorebs, romlebic ganapirobeben bilingvuri ganaTlebis efeqturobas.<br />
daskvnis saxiT, davasabuTebT bilingvuri ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas<br />
pirovnuli TviTrealizaciisa da kognituri ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
bilingvizmi da bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba me-20 saukuneSi gaxda<br />
cxare debatebis sagani da<br />
Dglobalizaciis procesis<br />
kvaldakval, igi am aqtualobas<br />
inarCunebs da ufro farTo<br />
dainteresebas hpovebs sazogadoebaSi.<br />
gaxsnili sazRvrebi,<br />
gaadvilebuli integracia,<br />
gaumjobesebuli cxovrebis pirobebi,<br />
gafarToebuli Tvalsawieri da kidev<br />
sxva momxiblav SedegebTan<br />
asocirdeba DdRes ucxo enebis<br />
codna.<br />
termin bilingvizmis araerTi<br />
ganmarteba arsebobs, misi kvlevis<br />
sferoebis mixedviT. upirveles<br />
yovlisa, erTmaneTisagan unda<br />
gavmijnoT individualuri da<br />
socialuri<br />
bilingvizmi/multilingvizmi.<br />
socialuri bilingvizmi<br />
sociolingvistikis Seswavlis<br />
sagania da igi damaxasiaTebelia<br />
mravalenovani saxelmwifoebisaTvis<br />
29<br />
(mag. belgia, Sveicaria, afrikuli<br />
qveynebi). xolo bilingvizms, rogorc<br />
individualur movlenas, swavlobs<br />
rogorc kognituri fsiqologia,<br />
aseve fsiqolingvistikis dargi da<br />
pedagogika. individualuri<br />
bilingvizmi aris movlena, romelic<br />
asaxavs pirovnebis kompetenciebs<br />
meore enaSi. am terminis<br />
ganmartebaSic ar arsebobs<br />
mecnierebs Soris absoluturi<br />
Tanxmoba. zogi miiCnevs, rom<br />
bilingvali aris adamiani, romelsac<br />
aqvs unari, Tundac ramdenime sityva<br />
Tqvas meore enaze, xolo sxvani<br />
miiCneven, rom bilingvalia adamiani,<br />
romelic erTnair doneze flobs or<br />
enas (blumfildi, 1993).<br />
enobrivi ganviTareba bilingvizmis<br />
orive ganxilul (socialuri /<br />
individualuri) saxes ukavSirdeba,<br />
isini Tanaarseboben da avseben<br />
erTmaneTs. Tumca statiis farglebSi<br />
ufro metad individualur
ilingvizms ganvixilavT kognitur<br />
ganviTarebasTan kavSirSi.<br />
enobrivi ganviTareba<br />
(bihevioristuli, kognitivisturi da<br />
konstruqtivistuli Teoriebi)<br />
ena TavisTavad ar viTardeba, igi<br />
uSualod ukavSirdeba bavSvis<br />
fizikur, emociur, kognitur<br />
aspeqtebs, bavSvis enobrivi<br />
ganviTareba xangrZlivi da rTuli<br />
procesia, romelic gulisxmobs<br />
Sesabamis socialur garemosa da<br />
kulturuli fonis gaTvaliswinebas.<br />
enis aTviseba ar Semoifargleba<br />
mxolod garkveuli sityvebisa da<br />
gramatikuli struqturebis codniT,<br />
am procesSi monawileobas iRebs<br />
rogorc fonologiuri nawili, aseve<br />
semantikuri aspeqti (vode, 1988).<br />
im meqanizmis garkveva, romelic<br />
enobriv ganviTarebas udevs<br />
safuZvlad, mxolod 21-e saukunis<br />
problema ar aris, igi uZvelesi<br />
sadiskusio sakiTxia, romliTac<br />
Tavis droze dainteresebulni iyvnen<br />
cnobili enaTmecnierebi Hhumboldti<br />
da f. de sosiuri. garda<br />
enaTmecnierebisa, am sakiTxma<br />
daintereseba hpova fsiqologiaSic,<br />
vinaidan enobrivi ganviTareba<br />
uSualod daukavSirda bavSvis<br />
kognitur ganviTarebas (m.Qqurdiani,<br />
saleqcio kursidan, 2007).<br />
fsiqologiaSi aRniSnul<br />
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT cnobilia<br />
bihevioristuli, kognitivisturi da<br />
konstruqtivistuli Teoriebi.<br />
cnobilia skineris enobrivi<br />
ganviTarebis Teoria, romelic man<br />
1957 wels Camoayaliba, igi<br />
bihevioristuli midgomis gamoxatva<br />
iyo enis swavlis sakiTxTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. skineris Teoria<br />
eyrdnoboda struqturalist<br />
leonard blumfildis „enis<br />
Teorias“ (blumfildi, 1933).<br />
blumfildi am naSromSi sruliad ar<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
30<br />
ugulvebelyofda enis swavlis<br />
procesSi azrobriv mniSvnelobas,<br />
Tumca miiCnevda, rom semantikuri<br />
asociaciuroba enobrivi formirebis<br />
procesSi iyo umniSvnelo. misi<br />
azriT, bavSvi enas swavlobs<br />
imitaciis gziT, iseve, rogorc sxva<br />
danarCen yoveldRiur aqtivobebs.<br />
skineris Teoriis mixedviT,<br />
bavSvis enobrivi ganviTareba<br />
dakavSirebulia stimulTan da<br />
ganmtkicebasTan (anu, Tuki bavSvs<br />
eZleva stimuli sityvis saxiT, es<br />
sityva ukavSirdeba pirobiTad raime<br />
nivTs, maSin, savaraudod, moxdeba<br />
misi ganmtkiceba).<br />
bihevioristi fsiqologebi<br />
miiCnevdnen, rom enis formirebisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania sami ram:<br />
ganmeoreba, mibaZva da daswavla, anu<br />
bavSvebi swavloben imas, rac esmiT<br />
(al-jeaseri, 2009).<br />
am midgomis sawinaaRmdego azri<br />
maleve gaCnda fsiqologiaSi.<br />
bihevioristebs daupirispirdnen<br />
kognitivistebi, romlebic miiCnevdnen,<br />
rom mxolod imitacia swavlis<br />
procesSi araa sakmarisi. kogniturma<br />
fsiqologiam win wamoswia enobrivi<br />
ganviTarebis procesSi semantikis<br />
roli da aRniSna, rom bavSvSi<br />
dabadebidanve aris potenciali<br />
imisa, rom iswavlos ena (ragi, 2007).<br />
noam Comski am movlenas uwodebda<br />
enis SeZenis mowyobilobas da<br />
miiCnevda, rom bavSvs aqvs garkveuli<br />
Tandayolili unari, daamuSaos<br />
informacia da Seqmnas Sida<br />
struqturebi /language acquisition<br />
device/ LAD (al-jeaseri, 2009).<br />
enis SeZenis Tandayolili unaris<br />
wyalobiT, bavSvs SeuZlia Tqvas<br />
iseTi sityvebi da Camoayalibos<br />
gramatikuli struqturebi, romlebic<br />
mas jer ar mousmenia. magaliTad,<br />
inglisur enaSi, rogorc viciT,<br />
arsebobs wesieri da arawesieri<br />
zmnebi, romelTa formebic
gansxvavebulad iwarmoeba. bavSvi<br />
arawesieri zmnebis regularul<br />
formebs awarmoebs: comed - came-is<br />
nacvlad, breaked - broke-is nacvlad<br />
da a.S. aseve, bavSvi enis aTvisebis<br />
sawyis etapze gamoiyenebs<br />
danawevrebul sityvebs winadadebebis<br />
asagebad, Tumca enaTmecnierebi<br />
aRniSnaven, rom es danawevreba ar<br />
aris logikas moklebuli<br />
(meliqiSvili, 2011). ganvixiloT,<br />
magaliTad, bavSvis aseTi<br />
gamonaTqvamebi:<br />
1. finjani Wiqa<br />
2. zeimi kaba<br />
3. mariami CanTa<br />
4. qudi skami<br />
5. giorgi burTi<br />
mocemuli gamonaTqvamebi danawevrebuli<br />
xasiaTisaa da zedapirul<br />
doneze isini erTnairia (arsebiTi<br />
saxeli+arsebiTi saxeli), Tumca,<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom isini<br />
logikurad ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs<br />
da gadmogvcemen ukve siRrmiseul<br />
semantikur mimarTebebs:<br />
1. sinonimuri dakavSireba<br />
(magaliTad finjani da Wiqa)<br />
2. gansazRvrebiTi (SesaZloa,<br />
asociaciuri) mimarTeba (sazeimo<br />
kaba; kaba – zeimisTvis...)<br />
3. kuTvnileba (mariamis CanTa)<br />
4. adgilmdebareoba (qudi skamzea)<br />
5.subieqt-obieqtis mimarTeba<br />
(giorgi burTs TamaSobs).<br />
(gamyreliZe, 2003).<br />
ganxiluli magaliTebis mixedviT,<br />
Cans, rom bavSvSi Tavidanve aris<br />
monacemebi aiTvisos ena. igi axerxebs<br />
dakvirvebisa da analizis Sedegad<br />
CaerTos komunikaciaSi.<br />
meore enis aTvisebis sakiTxs<br />
ganixilavs agreTve konstruqtivizmis<br />
Teoria. igi ZiriTadad efuZneba<br />
vigockisa da piaJes naSromebs.<br />
vigocki miiCnevda, rom enis aTvisebis<br />
saqmeSi Zalian didia socialuri<br />
roli; bavSvi swavlobs<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
31<br />
TanatolebTan komunikaciiTa da<br />
interaqciiT (tabataZe, SubiTiZe,<br />
2011).<br />
vigocki miiCnevda, rom ena da<br />
azrovneba viTardeba erTmaneTisagan<br />
damoukideblad da erTdroulad.<br />
bolos xdeba maTi Serwyma da<br />
interaqcia.<br />
enis aTvisebis procesi masTan<br />
mibmuli iyo uSualod sociokulturul<br />
garemosTan, rac<br />
ganapirobebda individualur<br />
sxvaobebs enis aTvisebisa da<br />
azrovnebis ganviTarebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
enis udides rols azrovnebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi gamoyofs agreTve<br />
Sveicarieli fsiqologi Jan piaJec.<br />
igi, vigockisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
naklebad amaxvilebs yuradRebas<br />
kognituri ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
socialuri garemos udides<br />
mniSvnelobaze. agreTve igi miiCnevs,<br />
rom jer mimdinareobs adamianis<br />
kognituri ganviTarebis procesi, da<br />
mis Sesabamisad xdeba enobrivi<br />
ganviTarebac (bavSvis asakobrivkognituri<br />
klasifikacia).<br />
sociokulturuli Teoriis popularizaciaSi<br />
didi wvlili miuZRvis<br />
mixeil baxtins, romelic miiCnevda,<br />
rom yvela ena aris socialurideologiuri<br />
fenomeni da<br />
yoveldRiurobaSi mxolod<br />
socialuri interaqciis Sedegad<br />
warmoiSoba. misTvis mniSvnelovania<br />
socialuri, kultu-ruli da<br />
politikuri konteqsti enis<br />
aTvisebis procesSi.<br />
Gganxiluli Teoriebi mravalmxriv<br />
aanalizeben enobrivi ganviTarebis<br />
sakiTxs. TiToeuli maTgani<br />
konkretuli, gansxvavebuli kuTxiT<br />
udgeba problemis arss. adamianis<br />
gonebrivi monacemebi umetes<br />
SemTxvevaSi imdenad farToa, rom is<br />
ara mxolod erT enas eufleba,
aramed mas SeuZlia erTdroulad<br />
saubrobdes or an met enaze.<br />
orenovneba da kognituri<br />
ganviTareba<br />
orenovan/bilingval adamians aqvs<br />
ori enobrivi sistema, romelTac igi<br />
aqtiurad iyenebs. maT SeuZliaT am<br />
enebze komunikacia da umetes<br />
SemTxvevebSi gaaCniaT ufro Rrma<br />
kompetenciebi.<br />
enobrivi sistemebis Camoyalibeba<br />
dakavSirebulia adamianis kognitur<br />
ganviTarebasTan.<br />
nebismieri damatebiTi ucxo enis<br />
Seswavla zemoqmedebs adamianis<br />
kogniciaze, cvlis mis aqtivobas da<br />
ayalibebs gansxvavebul xedvas.<br />
sazogadoebaSi aqtualuria<br />
problematika, Tu rogor moqmedebs<br />
bilingvizmi kognitur ganviTarebaze.<br />
mecnierebi da mkvlevrebi cdiloben<br />
pasuxi gascen sazogadoebaSi gaCenil<br />
kiTxvebs Sesabamisi dakvirvebebiTa<br />
da kvlevebiT.<br />
Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom kvleva<br />
yovelTvis ver iqneba zusti, vinaidan<br />
zusti SerCeva monolingvali da<br />
bilingvali jgufebisa ar arsebobs.<br />
isini erTmaneTisagan SeiZleba<br />
gansxvavdebodnen, rogorc socialuri<br />
mdgomareobiT, aseve enobrivi<br />
kompetenciis garda, sxva kognituri<br />
monacemebiTac.<br />
daaxloebiT 1960 wlamde calsaxad<br />
miiCneoda, rom bilingvizmi kognituri<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis Semaferxebeli<br />
faqtoria da bilingvalebi<br />
gaorebul pirovnebebad ganixilebodnen.<br />
Semdeg, droTa ganmavlobaSi,<br />
mosazreba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT<br />
Seicvala. es cvlileba erTbaSad ar<br />
momxdara, igi daefuZna mTel rig<br />
kvlevebs, romlebic msoflio<br />
masStabiT tardeboda. arsebobs<br />
bilingvizmis rogorc neitraluri,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
32<br />
aseve dadebiTi Sedegebis maCvenebeli<br />
kvlevebi.<br />
magaliTad, jonsma (jonsi, 1959)<br />
Caatara kvleva uelsSi 10-11 wlis<br />
2500 moswavlesTan da mivida im<br />
daskvnamde, rom monolingvalebi<br />
ufro ganviTarebulebi arian<br />
kogniturad, vidre bilingvalebi,<br />
Tumca, Tavisi kvlevis aravaliduroba<br />
Tavadve aRiara da ganacxada,<br />
rom mas ar gauTvaliswinebia is gare<br />
faqtorebi kvlevis dros, romlebic<br />
aseve moqmedeben kognitur<br />
ganviTarebaze. man ar gaiTvaliswina<br />
moswavleTa socialur-ekonomikuri<br />
mdgomareoba, xolo am faqtoris<br />
gaTvaliswinebis Semdgom aRmoCnda,<br />
rom bilingvalebsa da monolingvalebs<br />
Soris gonebrivi ganvi-<br />
Tarebis mxriv gansxvaveba ar iyo<br />
(beikeri, 2010).<br />
aseve, arsebobs bilingvur<br />
ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT Teoriebi,<br />
romlebic uaryofen mis<br />
dadebiT efeqts. cnobilia am mxriv,<br />
„balansis Teoria“, ris mixedviTac<br />
ori sxvadasxva ena Sedarebulia<br />
sasworis TefSebTan, erT-erTis<br />
damZimeba xdeba meoris xarjze, anu,<br />
rodesac erT enaSi adamiani miaRwevs<br />
warmatebas, es moqmedebs meore enis<br />
dakninebaze (beikeri, 2010).<br />
miuxedavad bilingvalebis maRali<br />
koncentraciis unarisa, garkveul<br />
SemTxvevebSi aRiniSneba maTTan enaTa<br />
arevis problema erTi enidan<br />
meoreze gadasvlis pirobebSi. es<br />
movlena cnobilia enebs Soris<br />
gadarTvebis saxeliT, mas agreTve<br />
„kodis cvlasac~ uwodeben<br />
(bialistoki, 2007). lingvistikaSi<br />
kodi ukavSirdeba konkretul enas an<br />
dialeqts (vode, 1988).<br />
bilingvizmis Temis ganxilvisas<br />
mSoblebi xSirad interesdebian<br />
enebis arevis sakiTxiT, xolo<br />
rodesac msgavs problemas<br />
realurad awydebian, daxmarebisaTvis
mimarTaven fsiqoTerapevts, bavSvis<br />
metyvelebis darRvevis problemiT.<br />
arsebobs orenovan bavSvebSi enaTa<br />
arevis, araswori gramatikuli<br />
struqturebis agebisa da e. w. „enobrivi<br />
salaTis“ gakeTebis SemTxvevebi.<br />
magaliTad, rodesac bavSvi<br />
saubrobs rusul da qarTul enebze<br />
man SeiZleba Tqvas „me minda wyali~s<br />
nacvlad „me minda вода~ an sulac<br />
,,me minda ...~ da gaCerdes im mizeziT,<br />
rom ver gaixsenos misi Sesaferisi<br />
aRmniSvneli, risi xatic (f. de<br />
sosiuri) mas gonebaSi aqvs. agreTve<br />
arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac<br />
qarTul-rusulenovani bavSvi iyenebs<br />
araswor kombinaciebs: „dajis-dajeqi<br />
+ садись~ an kidev „Cqaree-Cqara+<br />
скорее~ (meliqiSvili, 2011).<br />
fsiqoTerapevtis (n. mefariSvili)<br />
SexedulebiT, msgavsi tipis<br />
„enobrivi salaTis“ warmoqmna bavSvs<br />
uqmnis stresul situacias, Tumca es<br />
ar aris mudmivi, igi droebiTia da<br />
iolad dasaZlevi swori midgomisa<br />
da daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
stresi zogadad ar aris<br />
bilingvizmis gamokveTili<br />
maxasiaTebeli, igi aris individualuri<br />
movlena yvela adamianis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, garda amisa, stresi<br />
SeiZleba adamianma ganicados sxva<br />
situaciaSic. Tuki enis aTvisebis<br />
procesSi SerCeuli iqneba swavlebis<br />
swori teqnologia da gamokveTili<br />
motivacia, enobriv arevas adgili<br />
aRar unda hqondes.<br />
rac Seexeba erTi enidan meore<br />
enaze gadarTvas, garkveul<br />
situaciebSi es faqti SeiZleba<br />
normaluri da misaRebi iyos,<br />
magaliTad, rodesac bilingvali<br />
adamiani aris bilingvalebis<br />
garemocvaSi da maT SeuZliaT gaigon<br />
orive enaze naTqvami sityva, am<br />
SemTxvevaSi es movlena uxerxulobas<br />
ar Seqmnis.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
33<br />
Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac<br />
bilingvalebi TviTonac ganicdian<br />
meore enaze gadasvlis dros<br />
diskomforts da amisaTvis bodiSsac<br />
ixdian xolme. gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom enebis<br />
gadarTvasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvT<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi monolingvalebs,<br />
isini miiCneven, rom amis mizezi<br />
orive enaSi dabali kompetenciebis<br />
qonaa.<br />
enebis gadarTva ar aris<br />
SemTxveviTi procesi, igi xSirad<br />
gaazrebulad xdeba da azrovnebis<br />
Sedegia. bilingvalisaTvis erT-erTi<br />
enaa mTavari (Tumca, arseboben<br />
bilingvalebic, romlebsac SeuZliaT<br />
ori enobrivi sistemis cal-calke<br />
gamoyeneba _ es srulyofili<br />
bilingvizmia), romelzedac igi<br />
sworad agebs gramatikul<br />
konstruqciebs, am enas matricul<br />
enasac uwodeben mecnierebi (ditrixi,<br />
2007) miiCneven, rom enaTa gadarTvis<br />
sakiTxi ar aris mxolod<br />
lingvisturi problema, igi aseve<br />
moicavs socialur urTierTobebs<br />
(mosaubreTa wre), fsiqologiur<br />
mdgomareobas da motivaciur<br />
faqtors.<br />
Ggarda ganxiluli neitraluri da<br />
negatiuri faqtorebisa, romlebic<br />
ukavSirdeba bilingvur ganaTlebasa<br />
da kognitur ganviTarebas, arsebobs<br />
iseTi kvlevebic, romlebic<br />
bilingvizmis dadebiT ESedegebze<br />
miuTiTeben da amavdroulad<br />
gamoirCevian validurobiTa da<br />
sandoobiT;<br />
1962 wels lambertma da pilma<br />
Caatares kvleva, ris mixedviTac<br />
dadginda, rom bilingvizmi araTu<br />
uaryofiTad moqmedebs bavSvis<br />
kognitur ganviTarebaze, aramed igi<br />
xels uwyobs adamianis gonebis<br />
ganviTarebas (beikeri, 2010).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom am kvlevam
aRiareba hpova, vinaidan gamoirCeoda<br />
daxvewili meTodologiiTa da<br />
validurobiT.<br />
agreTve potsdamis universitetis<br />
bilingvizmis sakiTxebis mkvlevarma,<br />
de blazerma da milanis<br />
universitetis profesorma iubin<br />
abuTalebma, dakvirvebisa da kvlevis<br />
Sedegad, Camoayalibes Teoria<br />
bilingvizmis sasikeTo SedegebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT swavlebis procesSi.<br />
isini MmiiCneven, rom adamianis<br />
tvini mzad aris `daitios~ ori an<br />
meti enobrivi sistema da moaxdinos<br />
misi realizeba. enis swavla<br />
avarjiSebs tvins da mis<br />
funqciurunarianobas xangrZlivi<br />
drois ganmavlobaSi uwyobs xels.<br />
bialistokis bolodroindeli<br />
kvlevebic (bialistoki, 2007, 2009 /<br />
2010) miuTiTebs bilingvalebis<br />
aSkara upiratesobaze<br />
monolingvalebTan SedarebiT,<br />
gonebrivad rTuli sakiTxebis<br />
gadawyvetis procesSi (mag. `saimonis<br />
davaleba~, `Tvalis reagirebis<br />
davaleba~...).<br />
bialistokis kvlevebis mixedviT,<br />
bilingvalebi axerxebdnen ufro<br />
swrafad da organizebulad<br />
gadaewyvitaT dasaxuli amocanis<br />
rTuli nawili, vidre<br />
monolingvalebi. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom davalebis sxva nawilebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT Sedegebi erTnairi iyo.<br />
bialistokis kvlevebmac aCvena,<br />
rom bilingvalebs tvinSi<br />
procesirebis, kontrolisa da<br />
kategorizaciis unari ufro adreul<br />
asakSi uviTardebaT monolingvalebTan<br />
SedarebiT da moxucebulobis<br />
asakSi isini ufro didxans<br />
inarCuneben am unars.<br />
bilingvalebis upiratesobaa,<br />
SeZlon koncentraciis moxdena<br />
diferencirebul cnebebsa da<br />
sagnebze, amis gamo isini<br />
xasiaTdebian azrovnebis ufro meti<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
34<br />
abstraqtulobiT, rac kognituri<br />
ganviTarebis maRal dones<br />
Seesabameba.<br />
bilingvizmis efeqtianobis<br />
ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi<br />
mocemuli kvlevebis mimoxilva<br />
calsaxad gvarwmunebs, rom<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba aris<br />
gonebrivi ganviTarebisa da<br />
warmatebis miRwevis efeqturi<br />
saSualeba.<br />
bilingvizms ufro meti dadebiTi<br />
Sedegis motana SeuZlia<br />
adamianisaTvis, vidre uaryofiTis.<br />
garkveulwilad Seicvala<br />
stereotipebic masTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
21-e saukuneSi ukve aucileblobiTaa<br />
ganpirobebuli enebis swavla da igi<br />
erT-erTi aucilebeli piroba gaxda<br />
profesiuli warmatebis misaRwevad.<br />
imisaTvis, rom bilingvur<br />
swavlebas hqondes ufro didi<br />
efeqti, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos<br />
is mniSvnelovani faqtorebi,<br />
romlebic gavlenas axdenen saerTod<br />
swavlebisa da aTvisebis procesze.<br />
1. upirveles yovlisa, bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis mTavari mizani unda<br />
iyos bavSvis azrovnebis ganviTareba,<br />
msoflmxedvelobis gafarToeba, misi<br />
gaxsniloba msoflio kulturis<br />
mimarT.<br />
2. imisaTvis, rom kargi Sedegi<br />
hqondes bilingvur swavlebas, unda<br />
SemuSavdes specialistebis mier<br />
kvalificiuri swavlebis<br />
meTodologia.<br />
3. bilingvuri swavlebis<br />
danergvisas, sasurvelia<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes bavSvis<br />
kompetenciebi mSobliur enaSi, misi<br />
fsiqologiuri mzaoba da asakobrivi<br />
Taviseburebebi (n. mefariSvili).<br />
4. bilingvuri swavlebis<br />
efeqturobas ganapirobebs agreTve<br />
motivacia da realizaciis
saSualeba (wereTeli). Tuki bavSvi<br />
ar aris motivirebuli meore enis<br />
swavliT, mas kargi Sedegis Cveneba<br />
gauWirdeba, agreTve Zalian<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom moxdes<br />
Seswavlili enis realizacia, raTa<br />
bilingvali kvlav ar gadaiqces<br />
monolingvalad (magaliTad,<br />
eTnikurad azerbaijanelebisTvis,<br />
romlebic saqarTveloSi cxovroben<br />
qarTuli enis Seswavlis pirobebSi<br />
kargia is faqti, rom maT am enis<br />
realizaciis saSualeba aqvT<br />
arsebul socialur garemoSi).<br />
mocemuli faqtorebi rom<br />
ganvazogadoT, bilingvuri ganaTleba<br />
unda iyos ara intuitiuri movlena,<br />
aramed kargad SemuSavebuli da<br />
specialistebis mier dagegmili<br />
procesi.<br />
daskvna<br />
Gganxiluli kvlevebisa da<br />
Teoriebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba mxolod da<br />
mxolod pozitiurad moqmedebs<br />
bavSvis (da ara mxolod bavSvis)<br />
kognitur ganviTarebaze misi<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />
35<br />
efeqturad da swori meTodologiiT<br />
ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
mravali enis arseboba<br />
mravalferovani kulturis<br />
ganmapirobebelia, kultura ki is<br />
fenomenia, romelSic adamiani<br />
cxovrobs da sadac misi potenciali<br />
realizdeba. sxvadasxva kulturis<br />
SecnobaSi ki mediatoris roli enam<br />
itvirTa. vilhelm fon humboldti<br />
enas adamianis gonis umTavres<br />
moRvaweobad miiCnevda. igi axlosaa<br />
adamianis cnobierebasTan da<br />
azrovnebasTan, kulturasa da<br />
adamianis sulier samyaros Soris<br />
mWidro kavSirs uzrunvelyofs. ena<br />
saSualebaa gamoxatvisa da<br />
TviTrealizaciisa.<br />
21-e saukuneSi mxolod<br />
mravalmxrivad ganviTarebuli,<br />
inteleqtualuri, Tavisuflad da<br />
SemoqmedebiTad moazrovne adamianebi<br />
arian konkurentunarianebi.<br />
warmatebuli karierisken gza ki<br />
bilingvur / multilingvur<br />
ganaTlebaze gadis.<br />
al-jaeseri, 2011 - Abdulrahman.I, Al-Jasser, PSYCHOLINGUISTIC THEORIES OF<br />
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND THE SAUDI LEARNER OF ENGLISH masala mopovebulia<br />
veb-gverdidan:: www.freetechebooks.com/file-2011/language-acquisition-theories-page2.html<br />
15/06/2011<br />
bagauri, 2010 – i. bagauri, `enobriv ganviTarebaze moqmedi faqtorebi da<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba~, Jurnali bilingvuri ganaTleba, #4.<br />
beikeri, 2010 - k. beikeri, bilingvizmisa da bilingvuri ganaTlebis safuZvlebi;<br />
Tbilisi, saimedo, 2010.<br />
bialistoki, 2007 - Byalistok.E, Cognitive Effects of Bilingualism: HowLinguistic Experience<br />
Leads to Cognitive Change, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism,Volume<br />
10,Issue 3. 2007.<br />
bialistoki, 2010 - Byalistok.E,. International Journal of Bilingual Education and BilingualismVol.<br />
13, No. 5, September, 2010.<br />
gamyreliZe, 2003 – T. gamyreliZe da sxv. Sesavali kursi enaTmecnierebaSi,<br />
Tbilisi, Tsu gamomcemloba, 2003.<br />
ditrixi, 2007 - Dietrich.R, Psycholinguistik. 2.Auflage.Verlag J.B.Metzler.Stuttgart, 2007.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
voudi, 1988 - Wode. H, Einfuerung in die Psycholinguistik. Max Hueber Verlag, 1988.<br />
sosiuri, 2010 - f. de sosiuri,zogadi enaTmecnierebis kursi (m. qurdianis<br />
leqciebis Canawerebis mixedviT).<br />
tabataZe, SubiTiZe, 2010 – S. tabataZe, i. SubiTiZe, `meore enis swavlisa da<br />
aTvisebis Teoriebi~, Jurnali bilingvuri ganaTleba, #4.<br />
SubiTiZe, 2010, - i. SubiTiZe, bilingvizmis kognituri da socialuri<br />
upiratesobebi, Jurnali bilingvuri ganaTleba, # 3.<br />
veb-resursebi:<br />
bagauri, (2010 – i. bagauri, `enobriv ganviTarebaze moqmedi faqtorebi da<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba~ [online] Bilingualedication.<br />
ragi, 2006 - Ragg, M.(2006) ‘Gehirn und Geist: Mehrsprachigkeit macht schlau‘[online].Reticon<br />
Available:http://www.reticon.de/nachrichten/gehirn-und-geist-mehrsprachigkeitmachtschlau_1240.html.<br />
[Accessed 30 April 2011]<br />
Available:http://bilingualeducation.ge/articles/id/69 . [Accessed 16 Juni 2011]<br />
tabataZe, 2010 – S. tabataZe, i. SubiTiZe, (2010) `meore enis swavlisa da aTvisebis<br />
Teoriebi~.A<br />
Available: http://bilingualeducation.ge/articles/goto/2010-1. [Accessed 6 Juni 2011]<br />
SubiTiZe, 2010 - Shubitidze,I. (2010) ‘bilingvizmis kognituri da socialuri<br />
upiratesobebi’.A<br />
Available: http://bilingualeducation.ge/articles/id/11. [Accessed 30 Juni 2011]<br />
Elene Jajanidze<br />
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; CCIIR<br />
Center for Civil Integration and Inter-Ethnic Relations<br />
The influence of the bilingualism on the cognition of the Child Development<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
The aim of the article is to introduce to the society the problems related tothe lingual development of bilingualism<br />
and to represent various views of point around this issue. There will be srgued the theories regarding<br />
the behavioral, cognitive and constructional aspects of lingual development. Worth mentioning is<br />
that these issues are tightly connected with the acquisition of the second language and with the cognitive<br />
development of learner. In the introduction part of the article the key aspects of bilingualism will be discussed<br />
and the types of bilingualism defined.<br />
The major part of this article sheds light on to the issue of bilingualism with ephasis on cognitive development.<br />
We will also discuss preconditions which impact positively on the bilingual education. And finally,<br />
we will present the implications of bilingual education on personal self-realization and cognitive<br />
development.<br />
36
qeTevan goCitaSvili<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxe;lobis<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
ferTa aRmniSvneli leqsikis meoreuli mniSvnelobis<br />
swavlebisaTvis qarTulSi<br />
abstraqti<br />
statiaSi ganxilulia ferTa aRmniSvneli leqsikis meoreuli mniSvnelobebi<br />
qarTulSi da maTi swavlebis aucilebloba qarTulis, rogorc meore/ucxo<br />
enis swavlebisas. Ggaanalizebulia is problemebi, romlebic, zogadad,<br />
leqsikis da, konkretulad, ferTa aRmniSvneli leqsikuri erTeulebis<br />
swavlebis dros sityvebis meoreuli (araZiriTadi) mniSvnelobebis<br />
ugulebelyofam gamoiwvios. masalaSi moyvanilia praqtikuli magaliTebi.<br />
meore/ucxo enis maswavleblebi da<br />
Teoretikosebi mniSvnelovani<br />
gamowvevebis winaSe dganan.<br />
nebismieri praqtikosi<br />
maswavleblisaTvis nacnobi<br />
viTarebaa, rom enis swavlebis<br />
procesis SemosazRvra konkretuli<br />
CarCoebiT, TeoriebiTa da meTodebiT<br />
yovelTvis sasurvel Sedegs ar<br />
iZleva, miT ufro maSin, rodesac<br />
saqme leqsikis swavlebas exeba.<br />
Teoretikosebi gvTavazoben<br />
meore/ucxo enis leqsikis swavlebis<br />
sxvadasxva xerxsa da meTods (enaTa<br />
flobis..., 2008, gv. 145-157), Tumca,<br />
rogorc wesi, yuradRebis miRma<br />
rCeba leqsikis meoreuli<br />
mniSvneloba, romelic, Tavisi arsiT,<br />
namdvilad ar aris meorexarisxovani<br />
mniSvnelobisa. udavoa, rom enis<br />
Seswavla, imavdroulad, kulturis<br />
Seswavlasac gulisxmobs. am<br />
procesSi udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
studentisaTvis samizne kulturis<br />
memkvidreobis, faseulobebis<br />
swavlebas. Semswavlelis<br />
kulturul normebsa da<br />
warmodgenebs, kliSeebsa da<br />
stereotipebs Sexvedra uxdeba<br />
sruliad axal kulturul<br />
gamocdilebasTan, rac, zog<br />
SemTxvevaSi, iwvevs am rwmenawarmodgene-bisa<br />
da kulturuli<br />
faseulobebis damTxvevas, xolo zog<br />
SemTxvevaSi es faseulobebi<br />
37<br />
sruliad gansxvavebulia. garda<br />
amisa, kulturuli konteqstis<br />
arcodnam studenti SesaZloa<br />
miiyvanos enis / teqstis srul<br />
gaucxoebamde, e. w. frustraciul<br />
donemde an mcdar interpretaciamde.<br />
kulturuli gamocdilebis<br />
gaziarebis TvalsazrisiT, enis<br />
leqsikuri fondis, leqsikonis<br />
Seswavla erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />
segmentia. garda imisa, rom is aris<br />
samSeneblo masala enisaTvis<br />
(warmoTqmasa da gramatikasTan<br />
erTad), ZiriTadad, swored leqsikis<br />
saSualebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli<br />
Semswavlelis Sesaswavli (samizne)<br />
kulturis socio-kulturul<br />
kompetenciebTan ziareba. naSromSi<br />
„lingvistika da enis swavleba“<br />
devid vikinsi wers: „gramatikis<br />
gareSe Zalian cota ramis gadmocema<br />
(gamoxatvaa) SesaZlebeli, magram<br />
leqsikis gareSe arafris gadmocema<br />
(gamoxatva) araa SesaZlebeli“<br />
(vilkinsi, 1972). enam rom Tavisi<br />
upirvelesi funqcia Seasrulos, anu<br />
damyardes komunikacia, saWiroa<br />
saTanado leqsikuri maragis floba<br />
da misi swori gamoyenebis unari.<br />
Tumca, rasakvirvelia, leqsikuri<br />
erTeulis Seswavla ar gulisxmobs<br />
mxolod erTi enidan meoreze<br />
meqanikuri Targmanis codnas/unars,<br />
radgan leqsika gacilebiT ufro
Rrma Sreebis Semcvelia, vidre es<br />
erTi SexedviT SeiZleba Candes.<br />
arsebobs kulturuli faqtorebiT<br />
gamowveuli dabrkoleba leqsikis<br />
swavlebisas. am dros studentebs<br />
uWirT, erTmaneTTan daakavSiron<br />
axali leqsika sakuTar kulturul<br />
azrovnebasTan, gamocdilebasTan,<br />
gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac<br />
mSobliur enasa (kulturasa) da<br />
samizne kulturas Soris<br />
mniSvnelovani sxvaoba arsebobs<br />
(hongi, 2011).<br />
cnobilia, rom gansxvavebul<br />
kulturebSi sityvebi gansxvavebul<br />
mniSvnelobas atareben,<br />
gansxvavebulad aRiqmebian (emociuri,<br />
asociaciuri kavSirebis,<br />
sociokulturuli datvirTvis gamo).<br />
amave dros, swored kulturuli<br />
gansxva-vebulobebis gamo sityvebi<br />
sxvadasxva kulturul arealSi<br />
iZenen gansxvavebul simbolur<br />
mniSvnelobebsa da kulturul<br />
konotaciebs. zemoT CamoTvlili<br />
faqtorebis gareSe leqsikisa da,<br />
zogadad, enis Seswavla ar iqneba<br />
srulyofili. samwuxarod, enis<br />
swavlebis Teoretikosebisa da<br />
praqtikosebisaTvis es sakiTxi<br />
xSirad yuradRebis miRma rCeba.<br />
aviRoT, magaliTad, sayovelTao<br />
gamoyenebis sityva deda, romelic<br />
yvela enaSi enis ZiriTad leqsikur<br />
fonds miekuTvneba. es sityva<br />
mdedrobiTi sqesis mSobels<br />
aRniSnavs, Tumca gansxvavebul<br />
kulturebSi gansxvavebuli<br />
socialuri rolebiTa da gavleniT<br />
rogorc ojaxSi, ise Svilis mimarT.<br />
cnobilia, rom qarTul kulturaSi<br />
dedasTan emociuri kavSiri didxans<br />
grZeldeba, is xSirad monawileobs<br />
Svilis mniSvnelovani<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi zrdasrul<br />
asakSic ki. deda aRniSnavs, agreTve,<br />
mravalTaobiani ojaxis yvelaze<br />
ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenels,<br />
ojaxis Tavs, romlis yvela wevri,<br />
bunebrivia, ar aris qalis<br />
biologiuri Svili. deda mTavari<br />
wevria iseTi sintagmebisa,<br />
rogorebicaa: dedaqalaqi,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
38<br />
dedasamSoblo, dedaena, dedaboZi _<br />
rac, vfiqrobT, qalisadmi mWidro<br />
emociuri kavSiris maCvenebelia,<br />
radgan yvela zemoT CamoTvlil<br />
sityvas qarTul kulturaSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli (pozitiuri da<br />
mgrZnobiare) emociuri<br />
damokidebuleba axlavs.<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, gansxvavebuli<br />
sociokulturuli faqtorebiT<br />
gamowveulma sxvaobebma (nawilobrivi<br />
an sruli) mniSvnelobebSi zog<br />
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios<br />
komunikaciuri gzavnilis araswori<br />
gageba an arazusti interpretacia.<br />
angariSgasawevia is garemoebac,<br />
rom enis leqsikuri fondi Tavisi<br />
bunebiT aris yvelaze cvalebadi da<br />
mgrZnobiare plasti enisa, romelic<br />
advilad eqvemdebareba socialurpolitikur<br />
da kulturul<br />
cvlilebebs. Tumca, arsebobs<br />
kulturis SedarebiT stabiluri<br />
aspeqtebi, romlebic SedarebiT<br />
naklebad emorCileba cvlilebebs da<br />
enis leqsikac met-naklebad<br />
mdgradobas inarCunebs. maT Sorisaa,<br />
upirveles yovlisa, religia,<br />
moraluri faseulobebi, wes-<br />
Cveulebebi da ritualebi da a.S.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT, enis swavlebis<br />
procesSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />
unda mieqces e. w. kulturuli<br />
kliSeebis, konotaciebis ganxilvas,<br />
romlebic gansxvavebulia yoveli<br />
kulturisaTvis da maT Soris<br />
qarTuli sociokulturuli<br />
memkvidreobis matareblebisaTvis.<br />
kultura Cven gvkarnaxobs, rom<br />
TiToeuli simbolos (an simboluri<br />
mniSvnelobis Semcvel sityvas)<br />
Tavisi damatebiTi mniSvneloba<br />
mivaniWoT. swored es „aZlevs“ zust<br />
mniSvnelobas ama Tu im sityvas.<br />
amdenad, leqsikis swavlebisas mis<br />
Semswavlels, ZiriTad<br />
mniSvnelobasTan erTad, misi<br />
meoreuli, periferiuli<br />
mniSvnelobebic unda SevTavazoT.<br />
cnobilia, rom ferebs aqvT<br />
TavianTi kulturul-emociuri<br />
datvirTva, romlebic erTgvar<br />
saazrovno stereotipebadaa
Camoyalibebuli yoveli<br />
individualuri kulturisaTvis. ra<br />
Tqma unda, enis SemswavlelisaTvis<br />
feris ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan<br />
erTad, yvela periferiuli<br />
(meoreuli) mniSvnelobac cnobili<br />
unda iyos.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa<br />
„qarTuli“ wiTlis gaanalizeba.<br />
qarTul kulturaSi wiTeli<br />
emociur mdgomareobasTanaa<br />
dakavSirebuli. magaliTad, wiTeli<br />
droSis afrialeba niSnavs iseT<br />
raRacas, rac adamians abrazebs.<br />
gawiTleba qarTul kulturaSi<br />
dakavSirebulia sircxvilTan,<br />
uxerxulobasTan. bunebrivia, es<br />
maswavleblis yuradRebis miRma ar<br />
unda darCes.<br />
gansxvavebuli datvirTva aqvs<br />
wiTel fers gamoTqmaSi wiTeli<br />
aenTo, rac niSnavs: `saqme cudad<br />
wagivida, mogixda raRacis (SenTvis<br />
sasurvelis) Sewyveta~.<br />
Cans, qarTul kulturaSi wiTel<br />
fers uaryofiTi gzavnilis<br />
gadmocemis unari aqvs.<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
wiTel fers yofili socialisturi<br />
blokis warmomadgenlebisaTvis, maT<br />
Soris _ qarTvelebisaTvis. wiTeli<br />
aq revoluciis, komunizmis<br />
simbolod aRiqmeboda. socialurpolitikuri<br />
cvlilebebis gamo ferma<br />
dakarga es gageba da dResdReobiT<br />
„enobriv-kulturul artefaqtadRa“<br />
SegviZlia ganvixiloT. Tumca, enis<br />
srulyofilad SeswavlisaTvis am<br />
faqtis ugulebelyofa ar aris<br />
mizanSewonili.<br />
Savi kulturaTa umravlesobaSi<br />
negatiuri mniSvnelobis mqone feria.<br />
is ukavSirdeba glovas, sikvdils.<br />
uaryofiTi konotaciis Semcvelia is<br />
SesityvebebSi Savi bazari, Savi<br />
fiqrebi da a. S.<br />
kulturuli faqtoris rolis<br />
gasarkvevad erTmaneTs SevadaroT<br />
Savi angloamerikul samyaroSi,<br />
sadac is politikurad<br />
arakoreqtuli gamoTqmaa<br />
negroiduli rasis warmomadgenlebis<br />
mimarT, xolo qarTul kulturaSi _<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
39<br />
is kriminaluri mentalitetis<br />
warmomadgenlebis aRmniSvnelia: Savi<br />
samyaros warmomadgeneli _ Savi.<br />
bunebrivia, am damatebiTi<br />
mniSvnelobis arcodnam enis<br />
Semswavleli SesaZloa srul<br />
dabneulobamde da gaugebrobamde<br />
miiyvanos.<br />
Savi dRe (`Sav dReSia~) qarTulSi<br />
SesaZlo usiamovno periods (xSirad,<br />
materialur problemebTan<br />
dakavSirebuls) gadmoscems.<br />
bunebrivia, enis Semswavlelis<br />
yuradReba amazec unda SevaCeroT.<br />
lurji, cisferi _<br />
angloamerikul, erTi mxriv, da<br />
qarTul da rusul kulturebs<br />
Soris, meore mxriv, am feris<br />
aRqmaSicaa sxvaoba (lurjis<br />
gradaciebi angloamerikul<br />
kulturaSi bolomde damoukidebeli<br />
mniSvnelobis sityvebad ar aRiqmeba).<br />
amave TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa<br />
„inglisuri“ lurjisa da qarTuli<br />
lurjis Sedareba. inglisurSi<br />
lurji uaryofiT emociebTan,<br />
grZnobebTan asocirdeba. In a blue<br />
mood, or having the blues niSnavs cud<br />
xasiaTze, ganwyobaze yofnas.<br />
qarTuli kultura am TvalsazrisiT<br />
neitraluria. orive kulturaSi<br />
lurji socialur statusze,<br />
aristokratobaze miuTiTebs. He is a<br />
real blue blood; is cisfersisxliania.<br />
qarTulsa da rusulSi dRes<br />
cisferi aratradiciuli seqsualuri<br />
orientaciis mamakacis aRmniSvnelia,<br />
rac qarTulis, rogorc tradiciuli<br />
kulturisaTvis, uaryofiTi<br />
datvirTvis mqonea. Tumca, es, ase<br />
vTqvaT, tradiciuli asociacia<br />
sulac ar aris: am ukanasknelma<br />
mniSvnelobam sruliad gadafara<br />
cisfris, rogorc romantizmis,<br />
amaRlebulobis simbolos gageba,<br />
rac farTod iyo gavrcelebuli<br />
qarTul kulturul arealSi.<br />
garkveul asakis studentisaTvis,<br />
SesaZloa, am informaciis miwodebac<br />
iyos mizanSewonili.<br />
qarTul enaSi gvxvdeba leqsema<br />
maradmwvane, romelic iTqmis im<br />
adamianis mimarT, romelic
gansazRvrul droSi ver asrulebs<br />
swavlas an ver iRebs universitetSi<br />
Caricxvis Tanxmobas da odnav<br />
ironiuli elferi dahkravs.<br />
qarTul slengSi mwvane dolaris<br />
aRmniSvnel erTeuladac gamoiyeneba.<br />
enis maswavleblebs yuradRebis<br />
miRma arc es sakiTxebi ar unda<br />
darCeT.<br />
qarTul kulturul sivrceSi<br />
yviTels aqvs mdabalis, ugemovnos,<br />
bulvarulis, skandaluris<br />
mniSvneloba. es kulturul<br />
nasesxobaTa rigs miekuTvneba,<br />
romelic Tavisi sayovelTao<br />
gavrcelebulobis gamo, Tu SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, erTgvar universaliad iqca:<br />
yviTeli presa, yellow Journalism;<br />
желтая пресса. sainteresoa, rom<br />
qarTulenovan samyaroSi Yellow pages<br />
ver damkvidrdda Tavisi amosavali<br />
mniSvnelobiT.<br />
qarTulis Taviseburebad unda<br />
CaiTvalos, rom yviTels aqvs<br />
avadmyofobis, cudad yofnis<br />
mniSvneloba _ yviTeli feri gadevs,<br />
sanTeliviT yviTelia.<br />
nacrisferi qarTul<br />
sociokulturul sivrceSi miCneulia<br />
mowyenilobis, erTferovnebis,<br />
uinteresobis, arafriT<br />
gamorCeulobis ferad.<br />
qarTul kulturaSi, iseve,<br />
rogorc mraval sxva kulturaSi,<br />
TeTri umankoebis, siwmindis feria.<br />
mas SeuZlia uaryofiTi mniSvnelobis<br />
mqone sityvis mniSvnelobis<br />
pozitiurad Secvlac ki gamoiwvios:<br />
magaliTad, TeTri Suri.<br />
TeTri yofili socialisturi<br />
banakis qveynebSi komunistebis<br />
mtrebis, mowinaaRmdegeebis,<br />
garkveuli klasis aRmniSvneli feri<br />
iyo, Tumca cnobili politikuri<br />
procesebis gamo dRes is arqaizmadaa<br />
qceuli.<br />
vardisfers (Tavisi semantikuri<br />
variaciebiT) qarTulSi<br />
gulubryvilobis, pozitivis<br />
Semcveli mniSvneloba aqvs. amis<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
40<br />
damadasturebelia vardisferi<br />
saTvaliT yureba.<br />
qarTulSi is, agreTve, saxis kanis<br />
lamaz fers gadmoscems: atmis<br />
yvavilis feri saxe aqvs.<br />
qarTul kulturaSi is<br />
mdedrobiTi sqesis seqsualuri<br />
umciresobis warmomadgenelsac<br />
aRniSnavs, rac, cxadia, siaxlea.<br />
kultura Cven gvkarnaxobs, rom<br />
TiToeuli simbolos (an simboluri<br />
mniSvnelobis Semcvel sityvas<br />
asociaciuri mniSvneloba mivaniWoT.<br />
swored es „aZlevs“ zust<br />
mniSvnelobas ama Tu im sityvas,<br />
xazavs mis semantikur vels. garda<br />
amisa, is iZleva enis bolomde<br />
„SegrZnebis“ saSualebas, amitom<br />
studentisa da maswavleblis<br />
garkveuli Zalisxmeva am<br />
mimarTulebiTac unda warimarTos.<br />
saswavlo (akademiur) garemosTan<br />
erTad kulturuli konotaciis<br />
Semcveli leqsikonis Sesavsebad<br />
saukeTeso gzad migvaCnia samizne<br />
kulturis komponentebTan ziareba<br />
(filmebi, wignebi, satelevizo<br />
gadacemebi, presa, enis matarebelTan<br />
piradi an virtualuri komunikacia,<br />
radgan, garda am kulturuli<br />
„datvirTulobisa“, xSirad maT<br />
mniSvnelobas konkretuli<br />
konteqstic aniWebs xolme.<br />
Semswavleli ukeT imaxsovrebs da<br />
aRiqvams, rodesac is TviTon<br />
acnobierebs konteqstis<br />
cvlilebasTan erTad mniSvnelobis<br />
cvlilebas. yvela zemoT<br />
CamoTvlili aqtivoba ki amis<br />
saukeTeso SesaZleblobas iZleva.<br />
vfiqrobT, ferebis aRmniSvneli<br />
leqsikuri erTeulebis<br />
swavla/swavleba kulturuli<br />
komponentis ganuyofel nawilad<br />
unda miviCnioT da avsaxoT Cvens<br />
saswavlo kurikulumebsa da<br />
saswavlo (rogorc saklaso, ise<br />
klasgareSe aqtivobebSi.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
enaTa flobis..., 2008 – enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi: Seswavla,<br />
swavleba, Sefaseba; Tbilisi, saimedo, 2008.<br />
vilkinsi, 1972 - David Wilkins, Linguistics and Language Teaching, London, Edward Arnold. 1972.<br />
hongi, 2011 Myung -Soon Hong, Hyang-Ki Min, Culture-Specific Vocebulary Teaching For Active<br />
Communication, e-flt.nus.edu.sg., 2011<br />
Ketevan Gochitashvili<br />
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University<br />
Towards the Teaching of Secondary Meanings of Words, Expressing Colors<br />
in Georgian Language<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
It is obvious that foreign language teaching is the teaching of the target culture, as well. Vocabulary is<br />
one of the pillars in terms of sharing cultural experience. Besides the fact that vocabulary is the<br />
building material for language, it contains much more deep layers which are related to the culture of<br />
the nation. Hence, just an ability to translate one lexical unit from one to another language is not<br />
enough.<br />
Foreign language theorists and teachers sometimes do not pay adequate attention to the fact, that<br />
there are some obstacles caused by cultural differences between learners’ native and target cultures.<br />
No doubt that in different cultures the words have the different meanings, they are differently loaded<br />
emotionally, associatively, socio-culturally, so in the different cultural areas words have gained<br />
different symbolic meanings and cultural connotations.<br />
In the current report we are exploring the importance of teaching words’ cultural connotations while<br />
teaching vocabulary expressing colors in Georgian language.<br />
We have come to the conclusions as follows:<br />
Language teachers are responsible for teaching culturally loaded meanings of vocabulary, expressing<br />
colors: Blue _ the color of a romance (one from several culturally loaded meanings)<br />
in Georgian. Blue blood _ means someone who is from aristocratic family in Georgian.<br />
Some similarities can be considered as universal cultural data (facts), but teacher should emphasize<br />
the similarities in order to make learning process for students more comfortable and<br />
familiar: Black _ the color often associated with negative qualities.<br />
Some cultural meanings of lexical units might be cultural borrowings (especially between<br />
Russian and Georgian languages, from Soviet time period, when both countries were the part<br />
of the same political (and partly socio-cultural space): White _ expressing social class, enemies<br />
of Soviet authorities in Georgian and Russian.<br />
Differences between languages with this emphasis can be considered as cultural peculiarity. Teacher<br />
has a responsibility to explain as precise as possible these meanings to avoid any misunderstanding or<br />
misinterpretation: Black _ expressing criminals in Georgian and Afro-Americans in English.<br />
41
merab babuxadia<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
meore enis arasafexurebrivi swrafi swavlebis<br />
meToduri Taviseburebani<br />
abstaqti<br />
ar viqnebiT originaluri im meTodSi, romelic farTod mkvidrdeba<br />
msoflioSi da romelic Tanamedroveobis yvela standartsa da<br />
moTxovnilebas akmayofilebs. Cven mxolod vcdilobT, is Tanamedrove<br />
qarTuli enis, `cocxali~ enis swraf da efeqtur SeswavlaSi gamoviyenoT.<br />
es Tezisebis saxiT ase CamovayalibeT: SeviswavloT frazebi da<br />
winadadebebi da ara sityvebi (saleqsikono masalisTvis); araviTari<br />
gramatika; mosmena ganuwyvetliv (martividan rTulisken) - swavlis oTxmoci<br />
procenti am Tezas eTmoba; siRrmisken da ara sifarTovisken ltolva; nelnela,<br />
mravaljeradi gameorebiT mosmenilis damaxsovreba. gameoreba 50-100jer.<br />
mosmena>sworad gageba>gameoreba>avtomaturamde miyvana; mini-teqstebis<br />
mosmena da daswavla; msjeloba maTze awmyoSi, namyosa da myofadSi<br />
(gramatikis gareSe moyola) da samive pirsa da ricxvSi gadmocema (aseve<br />
samive droSi); teqstebis kiTxva ara saxelmZRvanelodan, aramed mocemuli<br />
enis realuri, `cocxali~ teqstebidan; mosmena ara si-di-teqstebisa, aramed<br />
podkastebis, audiowignebisa, Tanac, aucileblad TqvenTvis saintereso<br />
Temebze - mxolod mosmena! oRond mosmenilis upiratesi nawili unda<br />
gvesmodes, rac mas sainteresos da mimzidvels gaxdis.<br />
ucxo enis swavlebis (swrafi<br />
swavlebis) meTodikaSi mravali<br />
pirvelxarisxovani saxelmZRvaneloa<br />
dawerili, romlebic, xSir<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tanamedrove standartebs<br />
pasuxoben, rac momavalSi<br />
qarTuli enis swavlebis saqmes<br />
erTianad win waswevs da imis myar<br />
safuZvels iZleva, rom meTodikis<br />
Semdgomi daxvewa-ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
saTanado baza Camoyalibdes. magram,<br />
Cveni azriT, arsebiTi cvlilebebi<br />
mainc saWiroa misi praqtikuli<br />
gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. amis<br />
gasaRebia enis praqtikul<br />
gamoyenebaze maqsimaluri yuradRebis<br />
koncentrireba. es gvikarnaxa wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi Tsu-Si ucxoenovan<br />
studentebTan da amJamad,<br />
konkretulad, azerbaijanulenovan<br />
studentebTan muSaobis gamocdilebam.<br />
unda iTqvas, rom ramdenime<br />
aTeuli wlis win gamocemuli<br />
42<br />
qrestomaTiebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi<br />
ar iTvaliswinebdnen ucxoenovani<br />
studentebisa Tu moswavleebis<br />
saWiroebebs saTanado siRrmiTa da<br />
adekvaturobiT, radgan isini<br />
ZiriTadad mSobliuri enis<br />
gramatikul saxelmZRvaneloebs<br />
warmoadgendnen da gasagebicaa, rom<br />
mraval xarvezs Seicavdnen am<br />
TvalsazrisiT. sul ramdenime welia,<br />
rac am problemebze nayofierad<br />
muSaoben da, Sesabamisad, kargi<br />
originaluri Tu naTargmni<br />
meTodikuri da praqtikuli<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebi gaCnda. vfiqrobT,<br />
maTi Semdgomi meTodologiuri<br />
daxvewa-ganviTareba saqmes waadgeba,<br />
rasac Cveni naSromi isaxavs miznad.<br />
SevecdebiT, Tezisebad CamovayaliboT<br />
Cveni mosazrebebi:<br />
Tezisi pirveli: radganac<br />
qarTuli ena mdidaria afiqsebiT,<br />
romlebic Tavisebur da sxva<br />
enebisagan sakmaod gansxvavebul
Sesityvebebs qmnian, leqsikonis<br />
Sedgena ucxoenovan studentebs ara<br />
sityvebis, aramed frazebis CaweriT<br />
unda davawyebinoT. magaliTad,<br />
damwyebma studentma icis Tvla:<br />
erTi, ori, sami, oTxi da ase Semdeg.<br />
vekiTxebiT: `ras udris erTs<br />
mivumatoT erTi da mivumatoT ori?~<br />
umetes SemTxvevebSi pasuxi aseTia:<br />
`erTs mivumatoT erTi da mivumatoT<br />
ori udris oTx-i~... da aramc da<br />
aramc - oTx-s! gramatikulad amis<br />
ganmarteba araefeqturia enis<br />
praqtikuli moxmarebis kuTxiT,<br />
radgan gramatikuli struq-turis<br />
gageba da daswavla jer kidev ar<br />
niSnavs mis praqtikul gamoyenebas.<br />
metic, amgvarad naswavli winadadeba<br />
motoruli metyvelebis mteria da<br />
gabmul saubarSi ZiriTad<br />
damabrkolebladac ki iqceva xolme,<br />
radgan studenti fiqrobs wesze da<br />
ara Sinaarsze, romelic im<br />
siRrmidan unda moedinebodes<br />
daubrkolebliv, rasac xSirad<br />
mosmenili da gameorebuli ewodeba...<br />
pirveli Tezisis mTavari<br />
postulatia frazebi (an<br />
winadadebebi) da ara sityvebi.<br />
iswavleT frazebi da nu<br />
CauRrmavdebiT calkeul sityvebs<br />
(igivea, rac sityva konteqstSi).<br />
frazebis swavlisas sul cotaoden<br />
gramatikasac swavlobT. gramatika<br />
xom enobrivi sinamdvilidan<br />
`amosuli~ wesebia! is gvaswavlis,<br />
rogor davalagoT es sityvebi<br />
erTmaneTis mijriT sworad.<br />
magaliTad, viciT, rom „is“ da<br />
„miirTmevs“ erTadaa yovelTvis.<br />
magaliTad, „is miirTmevs saWmels“<br />
winadadebaSi ar SeiZleba zmnaSi „s“<br />
CavagdoT - „is miirTmev saWmels“.<br />
vimeorebT da vimeorebT: „is<br />
miirTmevs, is miirTmevs, is<br />
miirTmevs...“. es swori frazaa. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi ar gWirdeba imis codna,<br />
es awmyoa Tu namyo, pirveli Tu<br />
mesame piri. mxolod imis codna<br />
gWirdeba, rogor TanmimdevrobaSi<br />
arian isini erTmaneTTan. amas ki<br />
rogor axerxebT? umoklesi da<br />
usworesi gzaa frazebis Seswavla<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
43<br />
mravaljeradi gameorebis gziT.<br />
amdenad, rodesac aRmoaCenT axal,<br />
TqvenTvis ucnob sityvas, is im<br />
sityvasTan erTad amowereT da ise<br />
SeadgineT leqsikoni. an mTlianad<br />
winadadeba amoiwereT, an masSi<br />
arsebuli Sesityveba da ara calke<br />
sityva! rodesac moubrundebiT<br />
Tqvens leqsikons, gadameorebisas<br />
frazebisa da winadadebebis<br />
upiratesobaSi darwmundebiT. garda<br />
amisa, es enis Seswavlis ufro mokle<br />
gzaa, radgan Tqven ara calkeul<br />
sityvebs, aramed sityvaTa jgufebs<br />
euflebiT.<br />
Tuki sityvebs cal-calke<br />
SeiswavliT, es bunebrivi gza ar<br />
iqneba, rameTu saubrisas calkeuli<br />
sityvebiT ver SemoifarglebiT,<br />
aramed mxolod sityvaTa jgufiT.<br />
Cven xom frazebiT vsaubrobT?<br />
bavSvebic xom mTel winadadebebsa da<br />
sityvaTmwkrivebs ismenen da ise<br />
alaparakdebian xolme mSobliur<br />
enaze. maT calkeul sityvebs ar<br />
aswavlian. dasawyisSive ician, ras<br />
niSnavs esa Tu is fraza da SeiZleba<br />
ar icodnen yvela sityvis<br />
mniSvneloba, magram zustad esmiT<br />
frazis Sinaarsi. mogvianebiT, ufro<br />
met frazas euflebian da calkeuli<br />
sityvebis mniSvnelobebsac gebuloben.<br />
es gacilebiT mokle gzaa<br />
calkeuli sityvebis dasaufleblad<br />
da saukeTeso gza swrafi<br />
metyvelebisa. rodesac saubrisas<br />
dafiqrdebiT sityvebze, maSin Tqveni<br />
metyveleba Seneldeba da mocemul<br />
enaze arabunebrivadac imetyvelebT.<br />
amis kargia magaliTia inglisuri<br />
teqstis roboti wamkiTxveli.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom is zustad<br />
gamoTqvams TiToeul sityvas, mis<br />
mier wakiTxuli gabmuli metyveleba<br />
Sorsaa bunebrivi inglisuri<br />
metyvelebisagan. amas iwvevs<br />
arabunebrivi wyveta individualur<br />
sityvebs Soris, arada, aseTi pauzebi<br />
ara sityvebs, aramed frazebs Soris<br />
arsebobs. ai, ra iqneboda bunebrivi.<br />
amdenad, es metyvelebis temps<br />
aamaRlebs. ramden frazasac
iswavliT, iseTive siswrafiT<br />
isaubrebT. Sesabamisad, Tqveni<br />
metyveleba ufro bunebrivi gaxdeba.<br />
xedavT, ramden rames moigebs<br />
studenti? es Zlieri da ufro<br />
martivi saSualebaa enis Seswavlisa.<br />
rogor ganvaxorcieloT es?,<br />
axali winadadebebis wakiTxvisas<br />
frazebi yovelTvis mTlianad<br />
amoiwereT. rodesac gadasameoreblad<br />
miubrundebiT, Tqven isev<br />
mTel frazebs gadaimeorebT da ara<br />
calkeul sityvas. aTjer ufro<br />
swrafad daeuflebiT enas. yvelaferi<br />
gamoswordeba _ Tqveni gramatikis<br />
CaTvliT.<br />
meore Tezisia - nu iswavliT<br />
gramatikas! es Tezisi, rasakvirvelia,<br />
exeba swavlebis sawys etaps... ucxo<br />
enis dauflebisas es umniSvnelovanesi<br />
wesia. daviwyoT iqidan,<br />
rom sabWoTa saskolo sistema<br />
unificirebuli iyo da wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi (sul mcire _ me-5<br />
klasidan) iswavleboda ucxo ena.<br />
vswavlobdiT uamrav teqsts Tavisi<br />
gramatikiT, sityvebiT, magram ra?<br />
sakmarisi iyo Camosuliyo ucxoeli<br />
da masTan saubarsa da komunikacias<br />
ver vaxerxebdiT. ver vagebinebdiT da<br />
ver vigebdiT (meti raRaa ucxo enis<br />
codna?), anu skola mTavar amocanas<br />
ver asrulebda da saWiro iyo<br />
repetitorebi da wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
individualuri muSaoba.<br />
aseve grZeldeboda umaRles<br />
saswavleblebSic da Sedegi<br />
identuri iyo. amdeni Sroma da<br />
energia da, rac mTavaria dro,<br />
wyalSi iyreboda...<br />
aqve unda gamovutydeT Tavs da<br />
vikiTxoT - SegviZlia Tu ara<br />
Sesaswavl enaze (inglisurze,<br />
qarTulze da a.S.) gabmulad da<br />
swrafad, iolad da avtomaturad<br />
saubari? Tu ara, ratom? Tqven xom<br />
enis aseTi floba gsurT? pasuxi<br />
erTia - araswori gziT mivdiodiT...<br />
ra iyo amis mizezi?<br />
sworedac rom gramatikaze<br />
gakeTebulma metismetma aqcentma<br />
moitana es Sedegebi. gamudmebiT<br />
gramatikuli wesebis Seswavlam es<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
44<br />
Sedegi gamoiRo. maswavleblebis<br />
miTiTeba da davaleba aseTi iyo -<br />
gramatikuli wesebi kargad unda<br />
SegeswavlaT. Tqvenc iZulebulebi<br />
iyaviT amaze didi dro dagexarjaT<br />
da am wesebiT gaZeZgili<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis drois<br />
xarki gageRoT. amas meore cudi<br />
Sedegic axlavs. adamianTa umetesobas<br />
dResac sjera gramatikuli<br />
wesebis didi mniSvnelobisa meore<br />
enis SeswavlaSi.<br />
ratom ar unda viswavloT<br />
gramatika? mravali Sroma mieZRvna<br />
imas, rom gramatikis swavla<br />
realurad aqveiTebs Tqvens sametyvelo<br />
Cvevebs. iwyebT mocemul<br />
enaze saubars da im gramatikul<br />
wesebze fiqrobT, romliTac savse<br />
gaqvT Tavebi. nacvlad imisa, rom<br />
avtomaturad saubars SeecadoT,<br />
gramatikuli wesebis gaxsenebas<br />
cdilobT. es ukve aRaraa avtomaturi<br />
metyveleba. ai, ZiriTadi mizezTagani,<br />
romlis gamoc ar SegiZliaT<br />
avtomaturad imetyveloT. veRarc<br />
iolad saubrobT da veRarc<br />
avtomaturad.<br />
weris SemTxvevaSi sakmarisze<br />
meti dro gaqvT fiqrisa. SegiZliaT<br />
nela an Zalze nela weroT.<br />
sxvadasxva gziT gaasworoT<br />
Secdomebi: sakuTar Tavs gausworoT,<br />
daixmaroT wigni, megobari an<br />
maswavlebeli. magram saubrisas,<br />
mogexsenebaT, amdeni dro ar gaqvT.<br />
vinme Tu SegekiTxebaT, is Tqvengan<br />
dauyovnebliv pasuxs moelis.<br />
darwmunebuli unda iyoT maTTan<br />
saubarSi Tqveni pasuxis sisworeSi.<br />
maS, rogorRa viswavloT<br />
gramatikulad gamarTuli<br />
metyveleba? aq gamosavali<br />
mosmenaSia. rodesac ismenT, xvdebiT,<br />
sworia Tu ara metyveleba da ar<br />
fiqrobT, romel droSi dgas esa Tu<br />
is winadadeba. ismenT mxolod imas,<br />
Tu rogor JRers es winadadeba,<br />
sworad rogor warmoiTqmis da<br />
rodesac alaparakdebiT, swor<br />
gramatikul formas gamoiyenebT. es<br />
erT-erTi gzaa swrafi, ioli da<br />
efeqturi metyvelebisken.
mesame Teza aris yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani - mosmena!<br />
ganusazRvreli raodenobiT mosmena<br />
uaRresad mniSvnelovania da,<br />
amavdroulad, enis efeqturad<br />
dauflebis uadvilesi gzac... rusul<br />
enas Cven ara skolaSi, aramed ezoSi<br />
TamaSisas, kinoebSi, radiosa da<br />
sxva sainformacio saSualebebiT<br />
veuflebodiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
skolaSi misi swavleba urigod ar<br />
iyo dayenebuli.<br />
ena Seiswavle yuriT da ara<br />
TvaliT!<br />
rodesac saxelmZRvanelodan<br />
swavlobT, gramatikul wesebs<br />
euflebiT. Sesabamisad, ufro meti<br />
gramatikuli wesebi gecodinebaT,<br />
vidre, magaliTad, Tavad inglisels<br />
(romelsac, savsebiT SesaZlebelia,<br />
saerTod ar uswavlia gramatika!)<br />
rom ar uswavlia. inlisurenovani<br />
pirovneba am wesebs SeiZleba yursac<br />
ar ugdebdes. isini, ubralod,<br />
bunebrivad saubroben. maSasadame,<br />
saubrisas gramatikul wesebze aravin<br />
fiqrobs, rameTu amisTvis, ubralod,<br />
dro ar rCeba.<br />
gramatikuli wesebi xSirad<br />
wignis ramdenime gverds Seicavs.<br />
saubrisas maTze fiqri Zalian Sors<br />
wagviyvanda da es damabrkolebelic<br />
iqneboda. maSasadame, gramatikuli<br />
wesebi ubralod ar muSaobs. maS ra<br />
muSaobs? mosmena da mosmena, vidre<br />
is Zalian ar gagviadvildeba da ar<br />
dava avtomatur doneze. es Zalian<br />
Zlieri meTodia, ai rogor<br />
euflebian bavSvebi enas - mosmeniT!<br />
ori weli da _ mosmeniT enas<br />
idgamen.<br />
bevrs aRizianebs is, rom sworad<br />
ver saubrobs ucxo enaze. magram<br />
kargi metyveleba kargi mosmenidan<br />
modis. oTxidan eqvs Tvemde mosmenaa<br />
saWiro, mxolod mosmenaze<br />
koncentrireba da nu idardebT<br />
saubarze... Tqven SeZlebT amas, magram<br />
nu daaZalebT Tavs. nu genaRvlebaT,<br />
Tuki Secdomebs dauSvebT. eqvsi Tve<br />
usmineT da usmineT. Tu ufro mets<br />
mousmenT, kidev ukeTesi.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
45<br />
mosmenisas ori umniSvnelovanesi<br />
ram unda gvaxsovdes: pirvelia, Tu<br />
rogor vusmenT. unda darwmundeT,<br />
rom es martivi enaa. minimaluri<br />
sirTulis ena. Zalian gsurT misi<br />
maqsimumis gageba. mokled, Tu naxavT,<br />
rom mosasmeni masala gaugebaria,<br />
Tavi daanebeT da moZebneT martivi.<br />
meorec, usmineT ganusazRvrelad,<br />
droSi ganusazRvrelad.<br />
meoTxe Tezisia - Rrmad swavla.<br />
es ena Sens nawilad aqcie. es<br />
avtomaturi metyvelebis erT-erTi<br />
gasaRebia. avtomatur metyvelebaSi<br />
daufiqrebeli saubari igulisxmeba.<br />
araviTari Targmna TavSi, araviTari<br />
gramatikuli wesebi. mxolod<br />
ilaparakeT. nu fiqrob, nu cdilob,<br />
iseve rogorc mSobliuri enis<br />
swavlisas ar gWirdeba amis<br />
mcdeloba. iq ar grZnob siZneles. is<br />
ukiduresad advilia. ginda Tqva<br />
raime? Tqvi. araviTari fiqri. mTeli<br />
problema skolasa da saskolo<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebSia, radgan<br />
sapirispirod gaswavlidnen<br />
yvelafers. saxelmZRvaneloebSi bevr<br />
rames swavlobdiT wesebTan erTad,<br />
mraval saleqsikono sityvasa da<br />
gramatikul wess. isini sakmaod<br />
swrafadac aiTviseT da axla<br />
sinamdvileSi kargadac ar gaxsovT.<br />
SeiZleba TqvaT kidec, rom gramatika<br />
kargad iciT. SeiZleba TqvaT, rom<br />
kargad flobT am sityvebs. magram,<br />
iciT Tu ara isini sinamdvileSi?<br />
radgan, rodesac vambob vici,<br />
vgulisxmob imasac, rom es codna<br />
SemiZlia swrafad, iolad da<br />
avtomaturad gamoviyeno.<br />
daufiqreblad SegiZliaT ucxo<br />
gramatikis gamoyeneba? ise kargad<br />
iciT sityvebi, rom avtomaturad<br />
ilaparakebT? kvlav da kvlav,<br />
araviTari dafiqreba, Targmna,<br />
fiqris Seyovneba, pauza saubrisas.<br />
araviTari ucnauri dayovnebebi.<br />
amgvarad, es problemebi gaqvT da<br />
asec unda iyos, Tqven xom skolaSi<br />
(da umaRlesSic) swavlobdiT? ra<br />
kargad euflebodiT<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebs da fiqrobdiT, -<br />
ra swrafad vswavlob. SesaniSnavia, -
da eZleodiT cru TviTkmayofilebas.<br />
problema is aris, rom Rrmad ar<br />
swavlobdiT da es ar iyo realuri<br />
swavla. testebs da gamocdebsac<br />
abarebdiT brwyinvaled, magram<br />
ucxoenovanebTan saubrisas<br />
veRarafers axerxebdiT. an, ukidures<br />
SemTxvevaSi - saSineli aqcentiTa da<br />
sustad.<br />
amdenad, avtomaturi saubari<br />
gWirdebaT. rogor viswavloT Rrmad?<br />
es iolia, magram mZlavri<br />
saSualebaa. Rrma swavla<br />
mravaljeradi, ganusazRvreli<br />
raodenobiT gadameorebas<br />
gulisxmobs. vfiqrobT, erTi<br />
gakveTili erTi kvira unda<br />
grZeldebodes. masSi 50 sityva unda<br />
Sevides. mogecemaT erTi saubari an<br />
nawili (mocemuli sityvebis<br />
odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT - ar unda<br />
aRematebodes 50-s). Semdeg mogecemaT<br />
mini-moTxroba/teqsti. masSic imave<br />
sityvebsa da frazebs imeorebT.<br />
imeorebT da imeorebT. Semdeg<br />
saleqsikono ganyofileba geZlevaT,<br />
sadac imave sityvebsa da frazebs<br />
kvlav imeorebT, imeorebT da<br />
imeorebT. arc moiwyenT, radgan<br />
erTsa da imave sityvebs sxvadasxva<br />
situaciaSi moismenT,<br />
sxvadasxvagvarad da sxvadasxva<br />
gakveTilebad. amitomac gWirdebaT<br />
gamudmebuli gameoreba. rogor<br />
ggoniaT, ramdenjer unda moisminoT<br />
da gaigoT axali sityva-fraza, rom<br />
daimaxsovroT da gamoiyenoT. 30-jer<br />
mainc, raTa Rrmad SeiswavloT da<br />
avtomaturad gamoiyenoT. pirvel<br />
rigSi vgulisxmobT maT mosmenasa da<br />
sworad gagebas. da es manamde unda<br />
gagrZeldes, vidre sabolood ar<br />
gaRrmavdeba da avtomaturamde ar<br />
dava. es araa mxolod mosmena, es<br />
siRrmiseuli mosmenaa, kvlav da<br />
kvlav, isev da isev mosmena. 20-jer<br />
mosmenis Semdeg gegonebaT, rom<br />
araferi xdeba, gavige, magram<br />
yvelaferi igivea. es imitom, rom<br />
siRrmiseuli mosmenaa saWiro.<br />
TiTqos _ Tavidan araferi xdeba,<br />
magram uceb _ `afeTqeba~ _ da<br />
sityvebi avtomaturad wamova.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
46<br />
gasaocari grZnobaa. es swored isaa,<br />
rac gWirdebodaT.<br />
maSasadame, siRrmiseulad<br />
iswavleT da gaimeoreT. rasac<br />
moismenT, imeoreT da imeoreT.<br />
yoveldRe Svidjer da metadac.<br />
mexuTe Tezisi meore Teziss<br />
ukavSirdeba. ra unda CavunacvloT<br />
gramatikas, rom sworad<br />
vilaparakoT? esaa miniteqstis/moTxrobis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
Tvalsazrisi. mxolod Zalian mcire<br />
moculobis ioli moTxroba. Cven<br />
mravali sxvadasxva mosazreba unda<br />
movisminoT am mini-teqstis garSemo¬.<br />
oTxi-xuTi winadadebisagan Semdgari<br />
teqsti mravaljer unda movisminoT<br />
da davrwmundeT, rom Tqven is<br />
gesmiT. teqsti awmyoSia<br />
warmodgenili. pirveli, rasac<br />
gavakeTebT, warsul droSi<br />
gadaviyvanT. am versiasac kargad<br />
gavigebT, Zalian bevrs movusmenT da<br />
Zalian bevrjer gadavimeorebT. es<br />
praqtikuli gramatikaa, romelic<br />
wesebisa da Teoriis gareSe<br />
geZlevaT. gWirdebaT mxolod is, rom<br />
mousminoT, gaigoT maT Soris<br />
sxvaoba da imeoroT da imeoroT.<br />
axla ukve gadavdivarT erTi wlis<br />
Semdgomdroindel movlenebze<br />
(momavali dro). es mesame droa ukve.<br />
iwyebT samive versiis gadameorebas.<br />
TvalnaTliv dainaxavT, rogor<br />
icvleba am moTxrobis TiToeuli<br />
versia.<br />
Semdeg gadaviyvanoT sxvadasxva<br />
pirSi da vaCvenoT, raoden icvleba<br />
erTi da igive teqsti pirebis<br />
mixedviT sxvadasxvanairad. ismenT da<br />
ismenT maT gagebamde. araviTar<br />
SemTxvevaSi ar ifiqroT romel<br />
droSia da romel pirSi da a. S.<br />
ubralod moismineT da gaimeoreT<br />
teqsti gasagebad. es ioli da<br />
efeqturi gzaa. gramatikuli wesebisa<br />
da maTi gazuTxvis gareSe<br />
avtomaturad swavlobT gramatikul<br />
wesebs. amavdroulad darwmunebiT,<br />
rom gamarTulad ilaparakebT.<br />
meeqvse Tezisi Seexeba realuri<br />
masalis gamoyenebas. ukve aRvniSneT,<br />
rom Tavi unda daaneboT
saxelmZRvaneloebis gamoyenebas. ras<br />
vgulisxmobT realuri masalis<br />
gamoyenebaSi? esaa mSobliur enaze<br />
mosaubre adamiani da is, rasac is<br />
iyenebs realur metyvelebaSi.<br />
magaliTad, kargia, Tu bevrs<br />
ikiTxavT Sesaswavl enaze, magram<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebi ar ikiTxoT.<br />
darwmundiT, rom is wasakiTxad<br />
advilia da Sesaswavl enazea<br />
dawerili, originaluria. magram<br />
airCieT is, rac Zalian gainteresebT.<br />
aseve, ar mousminoT adamianebs,<br />
romlebic realur situacias, dialogs<br />
TamaSoben, radgan es ar aris<br />
normaluri, realuri ena. mxolod<br />
bunebrivad mosaubre xalxs usmineT,<br />
Tanac TqvenTvis saintereso Temebze.<br />
audiowignebic SesaniSnavi gzaa<br />
realuri enis mosasmenad, mxolod<br />
usmenT wigns TqvenTvis saintereso<br />
Temebze. imdenad advili unda iyos,<br />
rom unda gagegebodeT TiTqmis asi<br />
procentiT. mosmenam siamovneba unda<br />
moggvaroT. Tu bavSvebis<br />
audiowignebis mosmenidan daiwyebT,<br />
xom yvelafers ajobebs. aqac unda<br />
iyoT darwmunebulebi, rom gesmiT<br />
TiTqmis asi procenti. usmineT da<br />
usmineT usazRvrod, vidre ar<br />
waiwevT win da gadadiT saymawvilo<br />
literaturis mosmenaze. aseve,<br />
usmineT da usmineT usazRvrod,<br />
manam, sanam sakmaod ar gaioldeba<br />
TqvenTvis da gadadiT ufro rTul<br />
doneze. ukve yurgaCveulebs<br />
SegeZlebaT mousminoT axal ambebs,<br />
satelevizio da radiogadacemebs,<br />
uyuroT da mousminoT filmebs da<br />
Souebs.<br />
swored realuri, cocxali<br />
masaliT daeuflebiT cocxal enas.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebi oficialur enas<br />
gaziareben da ZiriTadad weras Tu<br />
gaswavlian. saxelmZRvaneloebSi<br />
mocemuli leqsika da stili mxolod<br />
sawer enas Tu SegaswavliT. rodesac<br />
usmenT cocxal enas da mas<br />
SeiswavliT, Tqven daeuflebiT im<br />
enas, romelsac yoveldRiur<br />
cxovrebaSi, normaluri saubris<br />
dros viyenebT. es swored isaa,<br />
rogorc vsaubrobT, realurad<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
47<br />
rogorc gamovTqvamT an viyenebT<br />
sityvebs. es realuri gamoTqmebia.<br />
amdenad, gvaxsovdes: mxolod<br />
realuri masalebi da ara<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebi da kasetebze an<br />
sidi diskebze ganTavsebuli<br />
xelovnuri mosasmeni masala. es<br />
saxaliso wesia, romelic Tavs<br />
dagaRwevinebT rutinas da iseT masalas<br />
gamogaZebninebT, romelic<br />
gainteresebT. vaRiaroT, rom<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebi araa saintereso.<br />
metic, rogorc wesi, mosawyenia.<br />
maSasadame, moZebneT realuri<br />
mosasmeni da realuri wasakiTxi masala,<br />
romelic gainteresebT da<br />
aucileblad Tqveni donis<br />
Sesaferisi, rom gaigoT.<br />
meSvide Tezisi mosmenilisa da<br />
mis irgvliv dasmuli kiTxvebis<br />
pasuxis gacemas Seexeba. Tu fiqrobT<br />
realur metyvelebaze, ra xdeba<br />
realur saubarSi? Cveulebriv, masSi<br />
mravali kiTxva da mravali pasuxia<br />
mocemuli. iSviaTad xdeba, erTi<br />
pirovneba saubrobdes da meore<br />
mxolod ismendes. Cveulebriv aseTi<br />
saubari saurTierToa - erTi meores<br />
esaubreba da piriqiT. erTi svams<br />
kiTxvebs da meore gaiazrebs maT da<br />
scems pasuxebs da ase grZeldeba<br />
gamudmebiT kiTxva-pasuxis reJimSi.<br />
saubari, SekiTxva, pasuxi - ai<br />
realuri saubari, rac gamudmebiT<br />
xdeba. amavdroulad, rodesac yuri<br />
ismens, goneba fxizldeba,<br />
gamococxldeba, radganac SekiTxva<br />
pasiuri ar aris. rodesac SekiTxvas<br />
ismenT, raRac unda moimoqmedoT.<br />
gonebiT mocemul enaze fiqrobT,<br />
gebulobT da pasuxsac mocemul<br />
enaze iZleviT. es Zalze<br />
mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom<br />
gavigoT - enobrivi moRvaweoba Zalze<br />
aqtiuri qmedebaa. Sesabamisad, aseTi<br />
aqtiuri gziT unda SeviswavloT<br />
ucxo enac. Tqveni goneba gacilebiT<br />
swrafad muSaobs da gacilebiT<br />
swrafadve swavlobT, rodesac bevr<br />
SekiTxvas iyenebT. amisTvis ki<br />
viyenebT am moTxrobebs. mosmeniT,<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, unda usminoT da<br />
usminoT, magram axla cotaTi
gansxvavebul rames vakeTebT. vismenT<br />
da moTxrobebis irgvliv dasmul<br />
kiTxvebze pasuxebs vcemT. Cven vsvamT<br />
kiTxvebs teqstis garSemo. Zalze<br />
bevr SekiTxvas. es imitom, rom<br />
Sesaswavl enaze iazrovnoT. am<br />
SekiTxvebiT swored amas SeiswavliT.<br />
amiT SeiswavliT gamudmebul da<br />
swrafad azrovebas am enaze.<br />
pirveli, rac gakeTdeba,<br />
SekiTxvebis dasma Zalian advili<br />
iqneba. esec Zalze mniSvnelovania.<br />
Tu ase ar gavakeTeT da rTuli<br />
SekiTxvebi davsviT, bevrsac<br />
ifiqrebT da es Zalian gaiweleba<br />
droSi, Zalian neli iqneba. Tqven<br />
nela iazrovnebT. SesaZloa<br />
mSobliur enazec gadaxvideT da ise<br />
TargmnoT da moifiqroT pasuxebi.<br />
amitom, am moTxrobebis irgvliv<br />
dagisvamT uamrav SekiTxvas da swraf<br />
SekiTxvebs, Tumca Zalian, Zalian<br />
iol SekiTxvebs. imdenad advils, rom<br />
dauyovnebliv gaigoT da Tqveni<br />
pasuxic Zalian swrafi iqneba.<br />
siCqare Zalze mniSvnelovani<br />
Semadgenelia am moTxrobebisa.<br />
pasuxis gacemisas erT an or sityvas<br />
iyenebT. es yvelaze mokle pasuxebia.<br />
ar gWirdebaT didi winadadebebiT<br />
pasuxi. ar dagWirdebaT gramatikaze<br />
fiqri. saerTod sxva arc araferze<br />
ifiqrebT... Tqven gonebas miaCvevT<br />
ucxo enaze Zalian swraf gagebas da<br />
saTanadod gascemT pasuxs. gaigebT<br />
uswrafesad da isaubrebT<br />
uswrafesad. amitomac migaCvevT am<br />
gansakuTrebul teqstebs kiTxvamigebis<br />
wesiT.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
48<br />
vimeoreb, kiTxvebi Zalian mokle<br />
pasuxebs unda gulisxmobdes<br />
dasawyisSi. es umartivesi teqnikaa,<br />
magram Zalze efeqturi.<br />
gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu ramdenime<br />
Tve moixmarT mas. gasaocari<br />
Sedegebi moaqvs. TandaTan Tqveni<br />
saubari aCqardeba da am enaze<br />
daiwyebT azrovnebas. aRmoaCenT, rom<br />
erT mSvenier dRes swrafad<br />
gebulobT da ubralod laparakobT<br />
am enaze. aRarc fiqrobT da aRarc<br />
TargmniT. ismenT da saubrobT -<br />
gasaocari grZnoba dageuflebaT.<br />
rogor SevTxzaT aseTi moTxroba<br />
an ambavi? Sesaswavl enaze mosaubre<br />
valaparakoT da diqtofonze<br />
CaviweroT. gamudmebiT vusminoT.<br />
yovel jerze gesmiT SekiTxva da<br />
Tqven pasuxobT. Zalze advilia,<br />
magram efeqturi.<br />
Cveni swavlebis meTodi da<br />
gakveTilebi mxolod realuri enis<br />
Seswavla iqneba realuri<br />
konteqstiT. ra Tqma unda, Cven mier<br />
SemoTavazebul gakveTilebSi<br />
Tavmoyrili da mowesrigebuli iqneba<br />
yvelaferi, rac zemoT vTqviT. yvela<br />
gakveTils eqneba moTxrobebi kiTxvapasuxiT.<br />
yvela Tema - gramatikuli<br />
TanmimdevrobiT, gramatikis wesebis<br />
gareSe. yvelas eqneba saleqsikono<br />
ganyofileba - frazebiT<br />
gadmocemuli. TiToeul maTgans<br />
eqneba audio, mosasmeni masala<br />
realuri metyvelebidan, romelsac<br />
mousmenT da mousmenT. Svidive<br />
Tezisi unda aisaxos TiToeul<br />
gakveTilSi srulyofilad.
Merab Babukhadia<br />
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #9, 2012<br />
Methodological features of a second language teaching<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
Will not be the original in our method, which was widely established in the world and satisfied<br />
all the modern needs and meet standards. We try to use them only in the modern Georgian language,<br />
in the study of Georgian language real quick and effective. This thesis is established in<br />
the form: learn phrases and suggestions, not words (for dictionary material) any grammar, reading<br />
constantly (from simple to complex) in this study eighty percent of thesis is given, to the<br />
depth and width, not to aspiration. Slow - by slowly recurring refrain heard multiple Remember.<br />
Repeat 50-100 - yet. Hearing>understanding>repeat>to automatically speech; mini - texts reading<br />
and learning; discussion on them in the present, past, and who (in the grammar without the<br />
tell) and all three persons and transmission the number (as well as the three time); text’s question<br />
is not a textbook, but given from real texts of this language literature, not reading the text C-Ds,<br />
but the podcast, you will listen to audio-books interesting topics - just listen! But only big part<br />
of listening material should understand that it will make interesting and attractive. After moving<br />
to a youth age, and more advanced (the only real texts). After radio and movies, the question<br />
around text and answers from easy to difficult, etc.<br />
49
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